Textile, Leather, Paper and Industrial Chemicals

DENATONIUM SACCHARIDE
Benzoate de denatonium; Benzyl diethyl [(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl] ammonium benzoate; Denatoniumbenzoat; Benzoato de denatonio; Lidocaine benzyl benzoate; N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl­carbamoyl)­ methyl]­benzyl ammonium benzoate; Bitrex CAS NO: 3734-33-6
Denatonium benzoate
Benzoate de denatonium; Benzyl diethyl [(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl] ammonium benzoate; Denatoniumbenzoat; Benzoato de denatonio; Lidocaine benzyl benzoate; N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl­carbamoyl)­ methyl]­benzyl ammonium benzoate; Bitrex CAS NO:3734-33-6
DEQUEST 2060 S
DEQUEST 2060 S is innocuous, easily to be dissolved in acid solution.
DEQUEST 2060 S has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition and good thermal tolerance ability.
DEQUEST 2060 S can inhibit the scale formation of carbonate, sulfate and phosphate.

CAS Number: 15827-60-8
EC Number: 237-066-7
Molecular Formula: C9H28O15N3P5
Molecular weight: 573.2

DEQUEST 2060 S is a general purpose scale inhibitor, powerful sequestrant and excellent barium sulphate scale inhibitor.
DEQUEST 2060 S is used in cooling water treatment, peroxide bleach stabilization and scale control in detergent formulations, Industrial & Institutional Cleaners, Geothermal water treatment, oil field scale control.

DEQUEST 2060 S is innocuous, easily to be dissolved in acid solution.
DEQUEST 2060 S has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition and good thermal tolerance ability.

DEQUEST 2060 S can inhibit the scale formation of carbonate, sulfate and phosphate.
On situation of alkali environment and high temperature (above 210℃) DEQUEST 2060 S shows better scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other organophosphates.

DEQUEST 2060 S is also available with its Sodium Salt solution.

Uses of DEQUEST 2060 S:
DEQUEST 2060 S can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and boiler water, and especially in alkali circulating cool water system without additional pH regulation.
DEQUEST 2060 S can also be used in oilfield refill water, cool water and boiler water with high concentration of barium carbonate.

When DEQUEST 2060 S is used alone, little scale sediment is found even none of dispersant is used.
DEQUEST 2060 S can also be used as peroxide stabilizer, chelating agent in woven dyeing industry, pigment dispersant, microelement’s carrying agent in fertilizer and concrete modifier.
In addition, DEQUEST 2060 S can be used in papermaking, electroplating, acid cleaning and cosmetics.

Recommended Uses of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Cleaning agent for stones and bricks,
Coatings,
Cosmetic additive.

Other Uses of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Formulation and (re)packing of substances and mixtures,
Antiscaling agents,
Use in Cleaning Agents,
Cosmetics, personal care products,
Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating products,
Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removers,
Bleaching agent for paper pulp,
Bleaching agent,
Agrochemical uses,
Manufacture of ceramics and glass,
Manufacture of substance,
Use as an intermediate,
Industrial use,
Professional use,
Consumer use,
Distribution of substance.

Applications of DEQUEST 2060 S:
DEQUEST 2060 S is a wastewater pollutant, and a component of phosphorous-containing nanoparticles and materials, such as in the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles for plutonium pulmonary decorporation.
DEQUEST 2060 S is mainly used as Chelating (Sequestrating) agent, Peroxide Bleach Stabilization.

Package and Storage of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Storage for ten months of DEQUEST 2060 S in shady room and dry place.

Storage of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere.

Safety and Protection of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Acidity, Avoid contact with eye and skin, once contacted, flush with water.

Identifiers of DEQUEST 2060 S:
CAS Number: 15827-60-8
Molecular Formula: C9H28N3O15P5
Molecular Weight: 573.2
Product Name: DTPMPA
Chemical name: Diethylene Triamine Penta(methylene phosphonic acid)
Molecular weight 573
CAS No. 15827-60-8
Common Name: DEQUEST 2060S

Properties of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Appearance: Pale Yellow to Brown Oil
Solubility: Aqueous Base (Sparingly), Water
Flash Point: Not applicable
Partition Coefficient:
Pow: 3.4 @ 20 °C (68 °F) log Pow: 20 °C (68 °F)
pH: < 2.0 @ 25 °C (77 °F)
Relative Density: 1.42 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Solubility in Water: DEQUEST 2060 S is completely miscible
Chemical name: Diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid)
Abbreviation: DTPMPA
Product properties: Acid solution
Appearance: clear tan aqueous solution
Active content %: 50 (calculated as acid)
Molecular weight: 573
Average particle size (μ): NA
Density @20/20℃: 1.42
PH (1%at25℃): Freezing point (℃): -25
Chloride (%cl): Iron (PPMFE): CaCo3 scale inhibition: very good
CaSo4 scale inhibition: Excellent
Ca tolerance: good
Fe dispersion: chelating
ability: excellent
Carbon steel corrosion inhibition (compound): very good

Specifications of DEQUEST 2060 S:
CAS Number: 13598-36-2 - 15827-60-8 - 7647-01-0
Grade: Technical
Appearance: liquid
Color: dark, amber
Odor: pungent

Appearance: Clear, Dark amber solution
Active Content: 49.0 - 51.0 %
Phosphorous acid (asPO33-): 5.0% max
pH (1% water solution): 2.0% max
Density (20°C) g/cm3: 1.35 - 1.45
Ca Sequestration: 450 min

Ingredients of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid),
Hydrochloric acid,
Phosphonic acid.

Category of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Standards,
Environmental Standards,
Mutagens and Metabolites.

Other Related Products of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Disodium Coco-glucoside Citrate
Disodium Coco-glucoside Sulfo Succinate
Disodium Coco-glucoside Tartrate
DEQUEST 4066
DEQUEST 2060S
DEQUEST 2066A
DEQUEST SPE 1436
DEQUEST PB11620 D
DEQUEST PB11625 D
Turpinal 4NL- Tetrasodium Etidronate
Turpinal 4NP- Tetrasodium Etidronate
Turpinal SL- Etidronic Acid
DEQUEST 2010
DEQUEST 6004
DEQUEST 2047
DEQUEST 2016
DEQUEST 2016 DG
DEQUEST 2016D
DEQUEST 2046
DEQUEST 2066
DEQUEST 2066C2
DEQUEST 4266D
Caprylyl Glucoside
Lauryl Glucoside
Coco Glucoside

Synonyms of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Phosphonic acid, [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis- (9CI)
Phosphonic acid, [[bis[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]- (8CI); P,P’,P’’,P’’’-[[(Phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis[phosphonic acid]
CIX
Cublen D 50
Cublen DNC 450
DETPMP
DQ 2060
DTPA-P
DTPF
DTPMP
DTPMPA
DTPP
DTPPA
DEQUEST 2060
DEQUEST 2060A
DEQUEST 2060S
DEQUEST SPE 9505
Diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-penta(methylenephosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-pentakis(methylenephosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylenephosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriaminopenta(methylenephosphonic acid)
Ethylenetriami
Phosphonic acid
H3PO3
UNII-35V6A8JW8E
35V6A8JW8E
CHEBI:44976
MFCD00137258
Cyclohexaneacetic acid, 4-[4-[6-(aminocarbonyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazinyl]phenyl]-, trans-
Dihydroxyphosphine oxide
Trihydroxyphosphine
78T
PO3
Phosphorus trihydroxide
hydrogen phosphonic acid
Phosphorous acid, 99%
Phosphonate, Phosphonic acid
Phosphorous acid, >=98.5%
CHEMBL1235291
DTXSID2049715
Phosphorous acid solution, >=50%
EINECS 237-066-7
AKOS015903593
ZINC245204350
ZINC256056072
BP-21055
FT-0688176
FT-0693849
C06701
EC 237-066-7
Phosphonic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
J-006791
Q64703485
15827-60-8
diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene-phosphonic acid)
UNII-0Q75589TM3
SCHEMBL22924
Diethylenetriamine, pentamethylenepentaphosphonic acid
DTXSID0027775
MFCD00129718
ZINC59129438
AKOS025310980
(((Phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(ethane-2,1-diylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakisphosphonic acid
P074
FT-0624891
diethylenetriamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid
827D608
A809915
J-009490
Q3011490
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) solution
[(bis{2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)methyl]phosphonic acid
Diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphosphonic acid) solution 50% in 15% HCl: 35% H2O
Diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphosphonic acid) solution, technical, ~50% (T)
244775-22-2
67774-91-8
Phosphonic acid, P,P',P'',P'''-(((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakis-
7647-01-0
Muriatic acid
Acide chlorhydrique
Chlorwasserstoff
Anhydrous hydrochloric acid
Spirits of salt
Chloorwaterstof
Chlorowodor
Acido cloridrico
Muriaticum acidum
Aqueous hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid gas
Marine acid
monohydrochloride
Spirit of salt
UNII-QTT17582CB
NSC 77365
CHEBI:17883
Hydrogen chloride (acid)
HCl
QTT17582CB
MFCD00011324
NSC-77365
E507
Bowl Cleaner
4-D Bowl Sanitizer
Chlorowodor [Polish]
Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 1N
Emulsion Bowl Cleaner
Caswell No. 486
Hydrogenchlorid
Chloorwaterstof [Dutch]
o-Tolidine Dihydrochloride Solution
Hydrochloric acid [JAN]
Chlorwasserstoff [German]
Hydrogen Chloride - Methanol Reagent
Titanium, Reference Standard Solution
Vanadium, Reference Standard Solution
Acido clorhidrico
UN 1789 (solution)
Hydrochloric acid, ACS reagent, 37%
UN 1050 (anhydrous)
mono hydrochloride
Acido cloridrico [Italian]
Platinum Cobalt Color Standard Solution
Chlorure d'hydrogene [French]
Chloruro de hidrogeno
HSDB 545
Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.1N (N/10)
Chloruro de hidrogeno [Spanish]
EINECS 231-595-7
UN1050
UN1789
UN2186
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride
Chlorure d'hydrogene anhydre [French]
Cloruro de hidrogeno anhidro [Spanish]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045901
Chlorure d'hydrogene anhydre
Cloruro de hidrogeno anhidro
UN 2186 (refrigerated liquefied gas)
chloro
chlorum
hydrocloride
Salzsaeure
Hydrochloric acid [JAN:NF]
chloridohydrogen
hydro chloride
Chloro radical
Soldering acid
chlorhydric acid
hydochloric acid
hydogen chloride
Liriopesides-B
Baume hcl
Icon etch
Spirits of salts
Wasserstoffchlorid
monohydro-chloride
Sibiricose-A6
cloruro de hidrogeno
Acidum hydrochloricum
Enplate po 236
Hydrogen chloride - methanol solution
N-s/-Boc-D-lysine
H-Cl
Hydrochloric acid 37%
Dilute hydrochloric acid
Diluted hydrochloric acid
HCL]
17Cl
EC 231-595-7
Hydrochloric acid, anhydrous
Acidum hydrochloricum dilutum
hydrochloric acid for technical
Hydrochloric acid (JP15/NF)
INS NO.507
Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 2N
CHEMBL1231821
DTXSID2020711
Hydrochloric acid (JP17/USP)
CHEBI:23116
Hydrochloric acid solution, 1 M
Hydrochloric acid solution, 2 M
Hydrochloric acid solution, 6 M
hydrogen chloride ethanol solution
INS-507
Hydrochloric acid ACS grade 31%
Hydrogen chloride, 4M in dioxane
DTXSID801014230
Hydrochloric Acid Concentrate, 1N
NSC77365
Hydrogen Chloride - Butanol Reagent
SASRIN resin (200-400 mesh)
BDBM50499188
CS0072
Hydrochloric acid solution, 0.05 M
MFCD00792839
STL282413
Hydrochloric acid, p.a., 31-33%
Hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid
AKOS015843726
CCG-221928
DB13366
Hydrogen chloride, 4M aqueous solution
MCULE-7728164114
NA 1789
UN 1050
UN 1789
UN 2186
Hydrochloric acid, technical grade, 30%
2647-01-0
Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size)
H-Lys(2,4-dichloro-Z)-OBzl (c){ HCl
Hydrochloric acid solution, puriss., 36%
1N Hydrochloric Acid aqueous (+/-0.1N)
3N Hydrochloric Acid aqueous (+/-0.2N)
5N Hydrochloric Acid aqueous (+/-0.2N)
DS-002721
Hydrogen chloride, 25% (w/w) in Methanol
E-507
FT-0627124
FT-0628063
FT-0699355
FT-0699890
FT-0699899
FT-0700010
H1060
H1062
H1202
H1203
H1277
Q211086
Hydrochloric acid solution, 32 wt. % in H2O, FCC
Hydrochloric acid, SAJ first grade, 35.0-37.0%
Hydrochloric acid, solution [UN1789] [Corrosive]
Hydrogen chloride - ethanol solution, 3% in ethanol
Hydrogen chloride anhydrous [UN1050] [Poison gas]
Hydrogen chloride solution 3.95M-4.40M in dioxane
Hydrogen chloride solution 5.0-6.0M in isopropanol
Hydrogen chloride solution, 1.0 M in diethyl ether
Hydrogen chloride solution, 1M in isopropyl acetate
Hydrogen chloride solution, 2.0 M in diethyl ether
J-006148
Hydrochloric acid solution, BioXtra, ~0.1 M in H2O
Hydrochloric acid, Environmental Grade Plus, 33-36%
Hydrochloric acid, JIS special grade, 35.0-37.0%
Hydrochloric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 36.5-38.0%
Hydrochloric acid, SAJ super special grade, >=35.0%
Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous [UN1050] [Poison gas]
Hydrogen chloride - ethanol solution, 0.1 M in ethanol
Hydrochloric acid solution, protein sequencing grade, liquid
Hydrochloric acid solution, SAJ first grade, 9.5-10.0%
Hydrochloric acid, purum p.a., fuming 37%, >=37% (T)
Hydrogen chloride, 5 to 6M solution in 2-propanol, pure
UNII-YQX12245A9 component VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Hydrochloric acid solution, 0.1 M, for 3S adapter technology
Hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid [UN2186] [Poison gas]
Hydrochloric acid solution, ~6 M in H2O, for amino acid analysis
Hydrochloric acid, 36.5-38.0%, BioReagent, for molecular biology
Hydrochloric acid, 37 wt. % in H2O, 99.999% trace metals basis
Hydrochloric acid, BioUltra, >=32% (T), suitable for luminescence
Hydrochloric acid, suitable for amino acid analysis, 35.0-37.0%
Hydrochloric acid, suitable for arsenic determination, 35.0-37.0%
Hydrogen chloride solution 3.0M in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)
Hydrogen chloride solution, 3 M in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)
Hydrogen chloride solution, 3 M in methanol, for GC derivatization
Hydrochloric acid solution, 1.0 N, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
Hydrochloric acid solution, volumetric, 0.1 M HCl (0.1N), endotoxin free
Hydrochloric acid, suitable for determination of toxic metals, >=35.0%
Hydrogen chloride - ethanol solution, ~1.25 M HCl, for GC derivatization
Hydrogen chloride - methanol solution, ~1.25 M HCl, for GC derivatization
Hydrogen chloride solution, 0.5 M in methanol, for GC derivatization
Hydrochloric acid ACS grade 36.5-38% for Biochemistry and Molecular biology
Hydrochloric acid, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, fuming, 36.5-38%
Hydrochloric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 37.0-38.0%
Hydrochloric acid, semiconductor grade PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17823), fuming 37%, 37-38
Hydrochloric acid, semiconductor grade PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17863), >=32%
Hydrochloric acid, semiconductor grade SLSI PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17302), fuming 37%
Hydrochloric acid, semiconductor grade VLSI PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17610), fuming 37%
Hydrogen chloride - 1-butanol solution, ~3 M in 1-butanol, for GC derivatization
Hydrogen chloride - 2-propanol solution, ~1.25 M HCl (T), for GC derivatization
185912-82-7
Chloride atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 10.00 g Cl-, 10.00 g/L, for 1 l standard solution, analytical standard
Hydrochloric acid concentrate, 0.1N, Dissolution Media Concentrate, Dilute to 25L to conform to USP & EP
Hydrochloric acid concentrate, 0.1N, Dissolution Media Concentrate, Dilute to 6L to conform to USP & EP
Hydrochloric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., fuming, >=37%, APHA: <=10
DEQUEST 2066
DEQUEST 2066 is general purpose scale inhibitor, powerful sequestrant and excellent barium sulphate scale inhibitor.
DEQUEST 2066 is chelating or sequestering agent stabilizing alkaline formulations and systems with percarbonates.
DEQUEST 2066 is used in cooling water treatment, peroxide bleach stabilization and scale control in detergent formulations, industrial & institutional cleaners, geothermal water treatment, oil field scale control.

CAS Number: 22042-96-2
EC Number: 244-751-4
Molecular Formula: C9H28N3O15P5.xNa
Molecular Weight: 1412.73

Synonyms: DEQUEST(R) 2060, DIETHYLENETRIAMINEPENTAKIS(METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID), DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE PENTA(METHYLENE PHOSPHONIC ACID), dtpmp, [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-phosphonic acid, Diethylenetriamine,pentamethylenepentaphosphonicacid, diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic), diethylenetriaminepenta(methylphosphonicacid), diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphos-phonicacid)sol., e)]]tetrakis-, phosphonicacid,[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylen, Phosphonicacid,[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-, [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[ethane-2,1-diylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakisphosphonic acid, stabilizer WPW-2 of hydrogen peroxide, DETPMP, DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE PENTA, DEQUEST 2060, diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphosphonic acid)solution, Diethylenetriamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) (DTPMP), DIETHYLENEPENTA(METHYLENEPHOSPHONICACID) CAS NO:15827-60-8, Phosphonic acid,P,P′,P′′,P′′′-[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-,sodium salt (1:?), Phosphonic acid,[[bis[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]-,sodium salt, Phosphonic acid,[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-,sodium salt, Wayplex 55S, Sequion 40Na32, Briquest 543-33S, DEQUEST 2066, Masquol P 550, Briquest 221, Briquest 543-25S, Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) sodium salt, DETPM, DEQUEST 4066, Briquest 543-45AS, Briquest 543-45, Cublen D 3217N, 103333-75-1, 92481-35-1, 291513-78-5

DTPMP or diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a phosphonic acid.
DEQUEST 2066 has chelating and anti corrosion properties.

DEQUEST 2066 is chelating or sequestering agent stabilizing alkaline formulations and systems with percarbonates.

Uses of DEQUEST 2066:
DEQUEST 2066 is mainly used to synthesize the cardiovascular drug Metoprolol.
DEQUEST 2066 is a raw material for the synthesis of medicines, pesticides, dyes, and engineering plastics.

Handling And Storage of DEQUEST 2066:

Handling:
Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling or contact.

Engineering measures:
Provide natural or mechanical ventilation to minimize exposure.
If practical, use local mechanical exhaust ventilation at sources of air contamination such as processing equipment.

Storage of DEQUEST 2066:
Keep in a cool, dry, well ventilated place.
Stable under normal conditions of handling and storage.
Material should be kept cool and dry for best results.

Temperature: > -10 C

Use these materials for equipment:
Glass lining, PVC, polypropylene, glass reinforced plastic, polyethylene.

Unsuitable materials of construction:
Mild steel, carbon steel, aluminum, other metals.

Shelf life of DEQUEST 2066:
3 years.

First Aid Measures of DEQUEST 2066:

Grossly contaminated clothing:
Wash before re-use.

Eye contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water.
Continue for at least 15 minutes.
Obtain medical advice if there are persistent symptoms.

Skin contact:
Wash immediately with plenty of water.
Obtain medical advice if there are persistent symptoms.

Inhalation:
Remove patient to fresh air.

Ingestion:
Give water to drink.
Obtain medical advice.

Fire Fighting Measures of DEQUEST 2066:

Extinguishing media:
Water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide

Exposure hazards:
Decomposes in a fire giving off irritant fumes.

Combustion products:
Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), phosphorus oxides (PxOy)

Protective equipment:
Firefighters, and others exposed, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.

Identifers of DEQUEST 2066:
CAS No: 22042-96-2
Formula: C9H28N3O15P5.xNa
EC Number: 239-931-4
Molecular Weight: 1412.73
Exact Mass: 792.84000
EC Number: 244-751-4
DSSTox ID: DTXSID2029321|DTXSID0029840

Properties of DEQUEST 2066:
Form: liquid
Colour: amber
Odour: odourless
pH: 2 - 3 @ 10 g/l @ 25 C
Specific gravity: 1,41 - 1,43
Water solubility: completely miscible
Partition coefficient noctanol/water (log Pow): 3,5 @ 20 C
Freezing point: -20 C

Molecular Weight: 595.18
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 9
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 18
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 595.00279643
Monoisotopic Mass: 595.00279643
Topological Polar Surface Area: 300
Heavy Atom Count: 33
Complexity: 813
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: Liquid.
Colour: Brown.
Melting point/freezing point: 449.85°C. Remarks: No atmospheric pressure was recorded for this endpoint.
Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range: > 480 °C.
Flash point: 560.6ºC
Kinematic viscosity: dynamic viscosity (in mPa s) = Ca. 150. Temperature: 20°C.
SolubilityIn water: Remarks: The substance was reported as miscible in water.
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water: log Pow = -3.4. Remarks: Temperature and pH not stated.
Vapour pressure: 0 Pa. Temperature: 25 °C.
Density and/or relative density: 1.42.

Specifications of DEQUEST 2066:
PSA: 374.72000
XLogP3: 1.95040
Appearance: Liquid; WetSolid
Density: 1.945g/cm3
Boiling Point: 1003.3ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point: 560.6ºC

Chemical Composition of DEQUEST 2066:
Diethylenetriamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid)

Other DEQUEST Products:
DEQUEST 2010
DEQUEST 2016
DEQUEST 2016 DG
DEQUEST 2016D
DEQUEST 2046
DEQUEST 2047
DEQUEST 2060S
DEQUEST 2066A
DEQUEST 2066C2
DEQUEST 4066
DEQUEST 4266D
DEQUEST 6004
DEQUEST PB11620 D
DEQUEST PB11625 D
DEQUEST SPE 1436
DEQUEST 2066
Sodium lauryl dipropionate; N-DODECYL-B-IMINODIPROPIONIC ACID, MONOSODIUM SALT, ANAGRADE?; sodium N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-beta-alaninate; SODIUM LAURIMINODIPROPIONATE; .beta.-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, monosodium salt; n-(2-carboxyethyl)-n-dodecyl-beta-alanin monosodium salt; n-(2-carboxyethyl)-n-dodecyl-beta-alaninmonosodium salt; N-Lauryl-.beta.-iminodipropionic acid, sodium salt CAS NO:14960-06-6
DERIPHAT 160 C
CELLULOSE GUM, N° CAS : 9004-32-4 - Dérivé de cellulose, Autres langues : Goma de celulosa, Gomma di cellulosa, Zellulosegummi, Nom INCI : CELLULOSE GUM, La cellulose est présente naturellement dans les parois des végétaux, y compris dans le bois. Par le terme de "Cellulose Gum", on désigne un dérivé de cellulose, sans pour autant savoir lequel. De manière industrielle, la cellulose est en générale extraite à partir du bois, elle permet de fabriquer des matières plastiques (cellophane), du carton ou des textiles (viscose). En cosmétique, elle est utilisé en tant qu'agent liant et stabilisant d'émulsions.Dans les lessives, elle joue le rôle d'agent anti-redéposition, c'est à dire qu'elle évite que la saleté ne se redépose sur une surface pendant le lavage.Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
Dérivé de cellulose
Phenol, polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo3.1.1hept-2-ene; Phenol, polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo3.1.1hept-2-ene; .alpha.-Pinene, phenol polymer; phenol, polymer with; Phenol/ALPHA-pinene copolymer; alpha-pinene/ phenol copolymer CAS NO:25359-84-6
DERTOLINE DEG 2
DERTOLINE DEG 2 Dertoline DEG 2 Dertoline DEG 2, a diethylene glycol-esterified rosin, is a liquid resin, tackifier and plasticizing agent, compatible with a wide range of elastomers. Applications EVA and SBC-based hot melt adhesives ACID NUMBER, MG KOH / G: 13 COLOR, GARDNER, 50 RESIN / 50 TOLUENE: 2,5 DROPPING POINT, °C:37 DERTOLINE DEG 2 Technical Datasheet DERTOLINE DEG 2 is diethylene glycol-esterified rosin-based tackifier. This deodorized liquid is used in EVA based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, labeling and bookbinding. Also used in SBC or SIS based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOLINE DEG 2 is 6 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Rosin Esters > Ethylene Glycol Esters (DEG / TEG) Chemical Composition Rosin esterified with diethyleneglycol CAS Number 68153-38-8 DERTOLINE DEG 2 CAS Number: 68153-38-8 Specifications Limits Description DERTOLINE DEG 2 is a rosin esteri?ed with diethyleneglycol and deodorized. It is a liquid tackifyer Acid Value, mg KOH/g 20 max Gardner Color 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene) Dropping Point 40 deg C Viscocity about 1200 mPa.s @ 75 deg C Hydroxyl Value 25 Molecular weight 500 g/mol Solubility Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a Stability About 6 months. storage conditions and inventory control must be observed. NOTES Application: used as EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, labelling and bookbinding, and SBC based Hot Melt presure sensitive adhesives. Packaging: 200 kg net weight drums or 800 kg pallets. Storage Conditions: Under cover at temperature below 30°C. Use: BINDING, BULKING, DEPILATORY, FILM FORMING, PLASTICISER DERTOLINE DEG 2 is a Diethylene glycol ester of Tall Oil rosin
DERTOPHENE H 150
DERTOPHENE H 150 DERTOPHENE H 150 is a terpene phenolic resin showing a high polarity. It is suitable for use in solvent based and hot melt based adhesives. DERTOPHENE H 150 Technical Datasheet DERTOPHENE H 150 is a tackifier based on terpene phenolic resin. It is compatible with ethylene/vinyl acetate, ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymers, with polyesters and with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, synthetic resins). It provides high softening point, high polarity, specific adhesion and thermal resistance. It is used in EVA based hot-melt adhesives for packaging and woodworking. It is recommended for tire applications. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE H 150 is 6 months. DERTOPHENE H 150 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin that shows a high softening point. Its high polarity allows specific performances when formulated with EVA copolymers : specific adhesion, thermal resistance. USES EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging and woodworking. Masterbaches Printing inks Tyres Typical Product Specifications & Properties DERTOPHENE H 150 CAS Number: 25359-84-6 Specifications Limits Description DERTOPHENE H 150 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin that shows a high softening point. Gardner Color 6 max, neat Hydroxyl Value 145 Gardner Color 6 (50 resin / 50 toluene) Molecular weight About 700 g/mol Acid Value, mg KOH/g 1 max Solubility Soluble in the most usual solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl acetate, ethylene / butyl acry Stability About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observered. DERTOPHENE T 105 Technical Datasheet DERTOPHENE T 105 is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling. It is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. It also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Terpenes > Terpene phenol Chemical Composition Terpene phenolic resin CAS Number 25359-84-6 Terpene phenolic resin Dertophene H 150 Dertophene H 150 is a light-colored terpene phenolic resin with a high softening point. Its high polarity gives it specific properties in formulations with EVA copolymers (specific adhesion, low-temperature adhesion, flexibility and hot tack). Applications EVA-based hot melt adhesives for packaging and wood. Masterbatches for rubber Printing inks Tires Specifications Limits Description DERTOPHENE H 150 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin that shows a high softening point. Its hi Gardner Color 6 max, neat Hydroxyl Value 145 Gardner Color 6 (50 resin / 50 toluene) Molecular weight About 700 g/mol Acid Value, mg KOH/g 1 max Solubility Soluble in the most usual solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl acetate, ethylene / butyl acry Stability About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observered. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by DRT DERTOPHENE H 150 by DRT is a terpene phenolic resin. It is used in EVA based hot melt adhesives for packaging and woodworking. DERTOPHENE H 150 is compatible with ethylene / vinyl acetate, ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymers, with polyesters and with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, synthetic resins). It is soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. It provides high softening point, high polarity, specific adhesion and thermal resistance. The shelf life is 6 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Terpenes > Terpene phenol Chemical Composition Terpene phenolic resin Appearance Light coloredDERTOPHENE H 150 is a terpene phenolic resin showing a high polarity. It is suitable for use in solvent based and hot melt based adhesives. COMPANY DRT is a manufacturer of raw materials in the Adhesives and Sealants Industry. This company specializes in the development of turpentine and rosin extracted from pine resin along with other natural renewable resources to provide an increased flexibility as well as safety in the development of products. DRT's products include DERCOLYTE, GRANOLITE, DERMULSENE, DERTOPHENE, and DERTOLINE.PRODUCTS Adhesives Chewing-gum Paints and varnishes Pigments Rubber Flotation Road marking & asphalt Depilatory waxes DERTOPHENE H 150 Product Type: Polyterpene-Phenolic Master Product Number: MITM12940 Product SKUs: ITM20530 Softening Point (?) Color Gardner 50 R/50 T HYDROXYL Value DERTOPHENE T(Terpene phenolic resin) 95 4 20-50 DERTOPHENE T105(Terpene phenolic resin) 105 4 20-60 DERTOPHENE T110(Terpene phenolic resin) 111 4 40-60 DERTOPHENE T115(Terpene phenolic resin) 120 5 40-60 DERTOPHENE T135(Terpene phenolic resin) 135 5 50 DERTOPHENE 1510(Terpene phenolic resin) 150 6 100 DERTOPHENE T160(Terpene phenolic resin) 160 4.5 60 DERTOPHENE H150(Terpene phenolic resin) 118 5 135-150DRT is announcing changes in its DERTOPHENE® resin portfolios aimed at ensuring an acceptable economic return in the ever-changing market, improving service on high volume products and pursue our innovation program.
DERTOPHENE T 105
DERTOPHENE T 105 DERTOPHENE T 105 is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling. It is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. It also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Terpenes > Terpene phenol Chemical Composition Terpene phenolic resin CAS Number 25359-84-6 Dertophene T 105 is a light-colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with numerous elastomers, resins and waxes. It enhances certain properties of hot-melt and solvent-based adhesives, including specific adhesion, cold adhesion, flexibility and hot tack. Applications EVA-based hot melt for packaging, binding, wood and labeling SBC-based hot melt for pressure sensitive adhesives Butyl or polyurethane rubber-based sealants Natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives Tires DERTOPHENE T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility. TYPICAL VALUE Softening point, ring and ball, °C 105 Gardner colour, 50 resin / 50 toluene 3 OTHER TECHNICAL DATA Hydroxyl value 20 -60 Molecular weight (Mw) About 700 Glass transition temperature (Tg mid), °C 55 Acid value, mg KOH/g Max 1 USES EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking and labelling. SBC based Hot Melt Pressure Sensitive Adhesives. Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane. Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. DERTOPHENE T 105 by DRT is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling. It is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. It also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. DESCRIPTION DERTOPHENE T105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomeres, resin GARDNER COLOR 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene) HYDROXYL VALUE 30 - 60 MOLECULAR WEIGHT about 700 g/mol ACID VALUE, MG KOH/G 1 max SOLUBILITY Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a STABILITY About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observed. NOTES Application: EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking and labelling. SBC based Hot Melt pressure sensitive adhesives. Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane. Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. Packaging: Flaked in 25 kg paperbag or wrapped pallets of 750 kg net weight. Storage conditons: Under cover and at temperature below 30°C. CLASS Terpenes A terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It improves the properties of hot melt or solvent adhesives. DERTOPHENE T 105 is a terpene phenolic resin. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers with natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl) with polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) with waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in hot melt and solvent adhesives. Used as a tackifier in EVA-based hot melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labelling. Also used in SBC-based hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. It is soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. DERTOPHENE T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility.A terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It improves the properties of hot melt or solvent adhesives. DERTOPHENE T 105 This company specializes in the development of turpentine and rosin extracted from pine resin along with other natural renewable resources to provide an increased flexibility as well as safety in the development of products. products include DERCOLYTE, GRANOLITE, DERMULSENE, DERTOPHENE, and DERTOLINE. DERTOPHENE T 105 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PRODUCT DERTOPHENE T 105 Description: DERTOPHENE T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility. DERTOPHENE T 105 CAS 25359-84-6 Phenol,DERTOPHENE T 105 polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene TYPICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION DERTOPHENE 105 DERTOPHENE T105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomeres, resin GARDNER COLOR 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene) HYDROXYL VALUE DERTOPHENE T 105 30 - 60 MOLECULAR WEIGHT DERTOPHENE T 105 about 700 g/mol ACID VALUE, MG KOH/G 1 max SOLUBILITY DERTOPHENE T 105 Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a STABILITY DERTOPHENE T 105 About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observed. NOTES DERTOPHENE T 105 Application: EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking and labelling. SBC based Hot Melt pressure sensitive adhesives. Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane. Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. Packaging: Flaked in 25 kg paperbag or wrapped pallets of 750 kg net weight. Storage conditons: Under cover and at temperature below 30°C. CLASS Terpenes DERTOPHENE T 105 TERPENE PHENOLICS DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700 DERTOPHENE T 105 105 55 700 DERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 700 DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 700 POLYTERPENE RESINS DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550 DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000 DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70 2300 DERCOLYTE M 115 115 70 1300 DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100 DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200 ROSIN DERIVATIVES DERTOLINE PLS 96 53 850 HYDROGRAL G 85 42 700
DERTOPHENE T 105
Dertophene T 105
CAS Number: 25359-84-6



APPLICATIONS


Dertophene T 105 is a terpene phenolic resin.
Furthermore, Dertophene T 105 is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylat natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl) with polyesters and acrylics.


Applications of Dertophene T 105:

EVA-based hot melt for packaging, binding, wood and labeling
SBC-based hot melt for pressure sensitive adhesives
Butyl or polyurethane rubber-based sealants
Natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives
Tires


Relevant identified uses of Dertophene T 105:

Production and distribution of the substance
Adhesives
Putties

Dertophene T 105 is also compatible with various derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins and with waxes.
Moreover, Dertophene T 105 is used in hot melt and solvent adhtackifier in EVA-based hot melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labelling.

Dertophene T 105 is also used in SBC-based sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural oimproves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility.

The shelf life of Dertophene T 105 is 18 months.
Dertophene T 105 is soluble in aromchlorinated solvents.


Applications of Dertophene T 105:

EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging
Bookbinding
Woodworking and labelling
SBC based Hot Melt pressure sensitive adhesives
Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane
Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber


Dertophene T 105 is used for distribution of the substance.
Besides, Dertophene T 105 is used for adhesives.
Dertophene T 105 is used for putties.


Applications of Dertophene T 105:

Acrylic based or natural rubber based Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Solvent based contact adhesives
EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for woodworking, packaging and labelling
SIS/SBS based Hot Melt adhesives (PSA)


Dertophene T 105 is used as excellent tackifying in:

Solvent based acrylic adhesive
Chloroprene rubber adhesive
SIS
SBS
Nature rubber
Hot-melt adhesive
Other polymers for adhesives


Benefits of Dertophene T 105:

Dertophene T 105 has excellent compatibility.
In addition, Dertophene T 105 dissolves in all kinds of polar solvent and nonpolar solvent.
Dertophene T 105 exhibits excellent tackifying features.


Dertophene T 105 is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics.
Additionally, Dertophene T 105 is also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes.

Dertophene T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling.
More to that, Dertophene T 105 is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber.

Dertophene T 105 improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility.
Further to that, Dertophene T 105 also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives.

The shelf life of Dertophene T 105 is 18 months.



DESCRIPTION


Dertophene T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes.
Furthermore, Dertophene T 105 allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility.

Dertophene T 105 is a terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes.
Moreover, Dertophene T 105 improves the proper solvent adhesives.

Dertophene T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and wax105.
Besides, Dertophene T 105 allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility.

Dertophene T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomeres, resin GARDNER COLOR 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene)

In addition, Dertophene T 105 is a light-colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with numerous elastomers, resins and waxes.
Dertophene T 105 enhances certain properties of hot-melt and solvent-based adhesives, including specific adhesion, cold adhesion, flexibility and hot tack.


Features of Dertophene T 105:

Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents.
Compatible with ethylene/vinyl acetate and ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymers, natural and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, rosin, butyl, etc.) and polyesters.
Compatible with most resins (including processed rosins, polyterpenes and hydrocarbon resins).


Dertophene T 105 is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier.
Additionally, Dertophene T 105 is a terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes.
Dertophene T 105 improves the properties of hot melt or solvent adhesives.

Dertophene T 105 is obtained by copolymerization of terpene monomer and phenol.
More to that, Dertophene T 105 has excellent compatibility.
Dertophene T 105 dissolves in all kinds of polar solvent and nonpolar solvent, exhibits excellent.

Dertophene T 105is also widely used in all kinds of solvent adhesive, dismodule type of CR adhesive, heat solvent adhesive, heat solvent adhesive stick & adhesive tape, and sole adhesive of high-grade shoes.



PROPERTIES


Hydroxyl Value: 30 - 60
Molecular Weight: about 700 g/mol
Acid Value, MG KOH/G: 1 max
Solubility: Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a
Stability: About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observed.
Appearance:
Form: Solid
Color: Yellow
Odor: Odorless
Odor threshold: Not applicable
pH-value: Not applicable.
Change in condition
Boiling point/Boiling range: Not determined.
Softening point R&B: 102-108 °C (216-226 °F)
Flash point: 190 °C (374 °F) (closed up)
Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not determined.
Auto-ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Danger of explosion: The substance does not contain any chemical groups associated with explosive properties.
In the form supplied, the product is not explosive.
However fine dust clouds may form explosive mixtures with air.
Oxidizing properties: The substance does not contain any chemical groups associated with oxidising properties.
Vapor pressure: Not determined.
Specific gravity:
Relative density at 20 °C (68 °F) 1.03
Vapor density: Not determined.
Evaporation rate: Not determined.
Solubility in / Miscibility with
Water: Not soluble or slightly soluble.
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined
Viscosity:
Dynamic: Not applicable.
Additional information: No other data
Molecular Weight: 230.34
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 230.167065321
Monoisotopic Mass: 230.167065321
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 232
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


After inhalation:

Supply fresh air.
If symptoms are experienced, get medical attention.
In case of unconsciousness place patient stably in side position for transportation.


After skin contact:

Immediately rinse with plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash clothing before reuse.

Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.
Get medical attention if irritation occurs.
In case of hot product spashes on the skin, cool immediately with plenty of water during 15 minutes and seek medical advice.


After eye contact:

Immediately rinse with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Hold eyelids apart and flush eyes with plenty of cool low-pressure water for 15 minutes.
Consult an ophthalmologist.

If eye contact with hot product:

Do not open eyelids if covered with resins.
Immediately flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
Do not remove solidified material from burned eye as the damaged tissues can be easily torn.
Transfer immediately to hospital.


After swallowing:

Do not induce vomiting.
If the person is conscious, immediately rinse out mouth with water.

No adverse health effects are expected from accidental ingestion of small amounts of this product.
In case of lasting symptoms, consult a doctor.


For ingestion of large amounts:

Do not induce vomiting and get medical attention.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:
No data available.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Precautions for safe handling:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
Provide adequate ventilation in the workplace.
Prevent formation of dust.
Provide suction extractors if dust is formed.


Information about protection against explosions and fires:

Protect against electrostatic charges.
Use only non-sparking tools.
Protect from heat.
Keep ignition sources away.


Conditions for safe storage:

Store if possible under cover in a cool well-ventilated location.
Provide storage areas with suitable ventilation to eliminate dusts.
All equipment including ventilation systems must be equipotential and earthed.

Store only in the original receptacle.
Avoid dust formation close to sources of ignition.
Protect from heat and direct sunlight.

Provide storage areas with suitable ventilation to eliminate dusts.
Ground all equipment.
Blanket vessel with inert gas when emptying bags where flammable vapors may be present.

Ground operator and pour material slowly into conductive, grounded chute.
For large bags (1000 lbs or greater) a ground cable MUST be attached to the bag ground connection.


Further information about storage conditions:

Recommended storage temperature:

Store at a temperature between 5 and 35 °C.
This product can be spoiled irreversibly if subjected to freezing temperatures or to prolonged heat.



SYNONYMS


Dertophene T 105
Dertophene T 105
DERTOFEN T 105
dertofen t 105
dertofen
dertofen terpen
dertofen feDERTHOPEHENOL
CAS 25359-84-6
DERTOPEN 105
DERTOPEN T105
DERTOPEN T 105
DERTOPEN T
DERTOPEEN T
DEROPTERPEN
TERPENE 105
TERPENS
TERPENE 105
DERTOPEN TERPEN 105
TERPEN DERTOPEN 105
FENOL TERPEN
dertopenet 105
dertophene t
Dertophene T 105 terpen
dertophenes
dertophenes phenol
dertophene resin
Phenol
potrimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]
hept-2-ene
DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
Dertophene T 105 105 55 700
DERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 70150 118 65 700
POLYTERPENE RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000
DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70M 115 115 70 1300
DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200
Dertophene T 105
CAS 25359-84resins
terpenes 105
DERTOPEN T105
DERTOPEN T 105
DERTOPEN T
DERTOPEEN T
DEROPENE T 105
FENOL
TERPTERPENS
TERPENE 105
DERTOPEN TERPEN 105
TERPEN DERTOPEN 105
FENOL TERPEN
dertopene t 105
dertophene t Dertophene T 105 terpen
dertophenes
dertophenes phenol
dertophene resin
Phenol
polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicycloDERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
Dertophene T 105 105 55 700
DERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 700
DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 7RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000
DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70 2300
DERCOLYTE M DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200Dertophene T 105
Dertophene T 105
DERTOFEN T 10dertofen
dertofen terpen
dertofen fenol
DERTHOFEN
DERTHOPEHENOL
CAS 25359-84-6
DERTOPEN 105
DERTOPEN T105
DERTOPEN T
DERTOPEEN T
DEROPENE T 105
FENOL
TERPEN
TERPENE 105
TERPENS
TERPENE 105
DERTOPEN TEDERTOPEN 105
FENOL TERPEN
dertopene t 105
Dertophene T 105
dertophene t
Dertophene T 105 terpen
dertophenes
dedertophene resin
Phenol
polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]
hept-2-ene
DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
DERTOPHENEDERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 700
DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 700
POLYTERPENE RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCO1000
DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70 2300
DERCOLYTE M 115 115 70 1300
DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105
Dertophene T 105
CAS 25359-84-6
DERTOPEN 105 resins
terpenes 105
DERTOPEN T105
DERTOPEN T 105
DERTOPENDEROPENE T 105
FENOL
TERPEN
TERPENE 105
TERPENS
TERPENE 105
DERTOPEN TERPEN 105
TERPEN DERTOPEN 10dertopene t 105
Dertophene T 105
dertophene t
Dertophene T 105 terpen
dertophenes
dertophenes phenol
dertophepolymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]
hept-2-ene
DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
Dertophene T 105 105 55 700
DERTOPH700
DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 700
POLYTERPENE RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000
DER70 2300
DERCOLYTE M 115 115 70 1300
DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200
Terpenes Dertophene T 105
TERPENE PHENOLICS
DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
Dertophene T 105 105 55 700
DERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 700
DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 700
POLYTERPENE RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000
DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70 2300
DERCOLYTE M 115 115 70 1300
DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200
ROSIN DERIVATIVES
DERTOLINE PLS 96 53 850
HYDROGRAL G 85 42 700
25359-84-6
Phenol, polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene
Phenol, polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene
alpha-pinene phenol
DERTOPHENE 1510
DERTOPHENE H 150
DERTOPHENE T 105
DERTOPHENE T 110
DERTOPHENE T 115
DERTOPHENE T 135
SCHEMBL1332084
DTXSID20924471
Phenol--2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene (1/1)
123339-37-7
DESMODUR 44 M
aromatic polyisocyanate solution CAS NO:9081-90-7
DESMODUR BL 3175 SN
DESMODUR BL 3175 SN DESMODUR BL 4265 SN Technical Datasheet DESMODUR BL 4265 SN is a blocked, aliphatic polyisocyanate based on IPDI. Can be thinned to a solids content of 40 % with ketones, esters, ether esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and solvent naphtha® 100, 150 and 200. It has only limited thinnability with aliphatic hydrocarbons. Shelf life of DESMODUR BL 4265 SN is 6 months. Product Type Polyurethanes > PU-Prepolymers > Isocyanates > IPDI-based Chemical Composition Aliphatic polyisocyanate based on IPDI Physical Form Liquid Desmodur BL 3175 SN In combination with Desmophen grades to formulate lightfast, one-component polyurethane stoving coatings; as an additive in conventional stoving systems to improve flexibility and adhesion. Form supplied approx. 75 % in solvent naphtha®100 Specification Property Value Unit of measurement Method Non-volatile content (0.2 g / 60 min / 80 °C) 75 ± 2 % M020-ISO 3251 Viscosity at 23 °C 3,300 ± 400 mPa·s M014-ISO 3219/A.3 Color value (Hazen) ≤ 60 M017-EN 1557 Free NCO content, modified ≤ 0.2 % M105-ISO 11909 Other data* Property Value Unit of measurement Method Blocked NCO content approx. 11.1 % Viscosity at 25 °C approx. 2,800 mPa·s M014-ISO 3219/A.3 Equivalent weight approx. 380 Flash point approx. 45 °C DIN 53 213/1 Density at 20 °C approx. 1.06 g/ml DIN EN ISO 2811 Solubility / thinnability Generally speaking, Desmodur BL 3175 SN has good compatibility with the solvents listed. However, the solutions formed must be tested for their storage stability. Desmodur BL 3175 SN can be thinned to a solids content of 40 % by wt. with ketones, esters, ether esters and aromatics. It can be thinned to a solids content of 60 % by wt. with mixtures of higher boiling aromatics such as solvent naphtha® 100 and 150. Aliphatic hydrocarbons cannot be used. Compatibility Given equivalent crosslinking (NCO/OH = 1.0), Desmodur BL 3175 SN is generally compatible with Desmophen 651, 670, 680, 690, RD 181, A 160, various polyacrylates and with Desmophen®T 1665. It can also be combined with various plasticisers, e.g. phosphoric acid, sulphonic acid, adipic acid and phthalic acid esters. The combinations should always be tested for their compatibility. Properties / Applications Desmodur BL 3175 SN can be used as the hardener in colorfast and weather-stable, one-component polyurethane coatings. The stoving temperature can be significantly reduced by the addition of a catalyst, e.g. dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL), without reducing the storage stability.The product is used in high-grade industrial finishes (electrical appliances, small components, can coatings, coil coatings, etc.) and in primer surfacers and topcoats for automative finishing. Desmodur BL 3175 SN can also be used as an additive in conventional stoving systems to improve the flexibility and adhesion. Possible stoving cycles for Desmodur BL 3175 SN combined with Desmophen 651 are: without catalyst 160 °C 60 min or180 °C 15 min or200 °C 7 min with catalyst 130 °C 60 min or150 °C 15 min or175 °C 7 min Depending on the co-reactant used and the stoving time, yellowing may occur at temperatures above 160 °C. Used in coil coating systems, Desmodur BL 3175 SN crosslinks sufficiently without the addition of DBTL from a peak metal temperature of approx. 241 °C and above. With an addition of 1 % DBTL, calculated on solid resin, the same result is achieved from approx. 224 °C peak metal temperature. Storage - Storage in original sealed container. - Recommended storage temperature: 0 - 30 °C. - Protect from moisture, heat and foreign material. General information: Storage at higher temperatures will result in increase of color and viscosity. Storage at significant lower temperatures will result in solidification. This solidification is reversible by briefly heating the product without adversely affecting the quality of the product. Blocked aliphatic HDI-polyisocyanate. With Desmophen grades to formulate lightfast one-component polyurethane stoving coatings; as an additive to improve flexibility and adhesion. Product Types PIC Crosslinkers Hardeners Aliphatic polyisocyanate Isocyanate Polyisocyanurate Polyisocyanate Material Coatings Elastic, Thermally resistant, Solventborne, Flexible General Characterization Blocked, aliphatic polyisocyanate based on HDI. In combination with Desmophen® grades to formulate lightfast, one-component polyurethane stoving coatings; as an additive in conventional stoving systems to improve flexibility and adhesion. Color value (Hazen) M017-EN 1557 ≤ 60 Non-volatile content (0.2 g / 60 min / 80 °C) M020-ISO 3251 % 75 ± 2 Free NCO content, modified M105-ISO 11909 % ≤ 0.2 Viscosity at 23 °C M014-ISO 3219/A.3 mPa*s 3,300 ± 400 Aliphatic polyisocyanate based on HDI. Used in combination with Desmophen grades to formulate lightfast, one-component polyurethane stoving coatings. Also suitable for use as a hardener to formulate lightfast one-pack stoving polyurethane coatings to improve flexibility and adhesion. Designed for high grade industrial finishes including electrical appliances, small components, can coatings and coil coatings, primer surfacers and top coats for automotive finishing. Isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates. An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate. Diisocyanates are manufactured for the production of polyurethanes, a class of polymers.[1] Isocyanates should not be confused with cyanate esters and isocyanides, very different families of compounds. The cyanate (cyanate ester) functional group (R−O−C≡N) is arranged differently from the isocyanate group (R−N=C=O). Isocyanides have the connectivity R−N≡C, lacking the oxygen of the cyanate groups. Production Isocyanates are produced from amines by phosgenation, i.e. treating with phosgene: RNH2 + COCl2 → RNCO + 2 HCl These reactions proceed via the intermediacy of a carbamoyl chloride (RNHC(O)Cl). Owing to the hazardous nature of phosgene, the production of isocyanates requires special precautions Common applications MDI is commonly used in the manufacture of rigid foams and surface coating.[1] Polyurethane foam boards are used in construction for insulation. TDI is commonly used in applications where flexible foams are used, such as furniture and bedding. Both MDI and TDI are used in the making of adhesives and sealants due to weather-resistant properties. Isocyanates, both MDI and TDI are widely used in as spraying applications of insulation due to the speed and flexibility of applications. Foams can be sprayed into structures and harden in place or retain some flexibility as required by the application.[10] HDI is commonly utilized in high-performance surface-coating applications, including automotive paints.
DESMODUR L 75
DESMODUR L 75 Desmodur L 75 Desmodur L 75 is an Aromatic polyisocyanate based on tolulene diisocyanate. Desmodur L 75 Product Datasheet Characterization Desmodur L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate (TDI). It can be used in combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Form supplied: Form supplied is approximately 75% in ethyl acetate. Characteristic data Property Value/ Unit of measurement NCO content 13.3 ± 0.4 % Non-volatile content 75.0 ± 2.0 % Viscosity (23oC) 1,600 ± 400 mPa∙s Iodine color value ≤ 2 Monomer content < 0.5 % Property Value /Unit of measurement Equivalent weight approx. 315 Flash point approx. 5 °C Density at 20oC approx. 1.17 g/ml Desmodur L 75 Solubility / thinnability In general, Desmodur L 75 has good compatibility with esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and 1 methoxypropylacetate-2 and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, Solvesso™ 100 and ShellSol™ A. However, the solutions formed must be tested for their storage stability. The product is not compatible with aliphatics. Alcohols react with Desmodur L 75 and therefore cannot be used. Prolonged storage of a solution with low binder content may result in turbidity and sedimentation. Only PU grade solvents should be used (< 0.05% water). The solvent should not contain reactive groups. Compatibility In general, Desmodur L 75 is compatible with many polyesters, polyethers and polyacrylates, as well as with other Desmodur grades. Properties / Applications Systems crosslinked with Desmodur L 75 can be used as coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. Desmodur L 75 is also suitable for room-temperature crosslinking of adhesives based on Desmocoll or Baycoll. These can be used to bond many materials, e.g. wood, metal and plastic. The use of this polyisocyanate increases the resistance of the bonds to heat, oil, plasticisers and many solvents. It ensures good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. The pale inherent color of Desmodur L 75 permits its use in bonding transparent plastic films for packaging. As with any product, use of Desmodur L 75 in a given application must be tested (including but not limited to field testing) in advance by the user to determine suitability. Handling information This product contains reactive TDI polyisocyanate/prepolymer and/or monomeric TDI and should only be handled using appropriate protective measures. Desmodur L 75 Desmodur L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate. Form supplied is approximately 75% in ethyl acetate. Can be used in combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate air-drying two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Systems crosslinked with Desmodur L 75 can be used as coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. It is also suitable for room-temperature crosslinking of adhesives based on Desmocoll® or Baycoll®. These can be used to bond many materials,e.g. wood, metal and plastic Desmodur L 75 Desmodur L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate resin based on toluene diisocyanate in ethyl acetate. Used in combination with hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. Increases resistance of bonds to heat, oil, plasticizers and many solvents. Possesses good compatibility with esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and 1-methoxypropylacetate-2 and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, Solvesso 100 and Shellsol® A. Desmodur® L 75 provides good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. Product Type Polyurethanes (PU) > Isocyanates > TDI, Toluene Diisocyanates Chemical Composition Aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate Physical Form Liquid DESMODUR L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate (TDI). It can be used in combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane adhesives for wood, metal and plastic. Offers increased resistance of bonds to heat, oil, plasticizers and many solvents and good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. DESMODUR L 75 is compatible with many polyesters, polyethers and polyacrylates, as well as with other Desmodur grades. Material Notes: Aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate. In combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Properties / Applications: Systems crosslinked with Desmodur L 75 can be used as coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. Desmodur L 75 is also suitable for room-temperature crosslinking of adhesives based on Desmocoll® or Baycoll®. These can be used to bond many materials, e.g. wood, metal and plastic. The use of this polyisocyanate increases the resistance of the bonds to heat, oil, plasticisers and many solvents. It ensures good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. The pale inherent color of Desmodur L 75 permits its use in bonding transparent plastic films for packaging.
DESMOPHEN 2061 BD
DESMOPHEN 2061 BD Desmophen 2061 BD Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Desmophen 2061 BD is a polyether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur in the formulation of solvent-free or low-solvent polyurethanes About Product Types Polyether polyol Material Adhesives Solvent-free General Characterization Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Desmophen® 2061 BD is a polyether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur® in the formulation of low-solvent polyurethanes. Technical Properties & Datasheets Property Name Test Method Unit Value Viscosity at 25 °C PET-10-01 mPa*s 345 ± 20 Acid number PET-01-01 mg KOH/g ≤ 0.02 Hydroxyl number PET-11-01 mg KOH/g 56.1 ± 1.4 Water content PET-19-01 % by wt. ≤ 0.05 Property Name Test Method Unit Value OH equivalent weight DIN EN ISO 2719 g approx. 1,000 Density at 25 °C DIN 51 757 g/cm3 approx. 1.0 Hydroxyl content % by wt. 1.7 ± 0.05 Desmophen 2061 BD Characterization: Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Desmophen 2061 BD is a polyether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur® in the formulation of low-solvent polyurethanes. Form supplied Pale, low-viscosity liquid Properties / Applications Desmophen® 2061 BD is suitable for combination with many Desmodur® products in the formulation of low-solvent elastic coatings and adhesives. Desmophen 2061 BD can be thinned with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics. Only PU grade solvents should be used (< 0.05 % by wt. water). Storage - Storage in original sealed container. - Recommended storage temperature: 20 - 40 °C. - Protect from moisture, heat and foreign material. General information: The product is sensitive to moisture and should therefore be stored in its sealed original containers Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Used in the formulation of solvent-free elastic coatings. Exhibits solubility with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics. Product Type Polyols > Polyether Polyols Chemical Composition Linear polypropylene ether polyol Physical Form Liquid DESMOPHEN 2061 BD is a low-viscosity, linear polypropylene ether polyol. Suitable for combination with many Desmodur® products in the formulation of solvent-free PU adhesives. It can be thinned with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics. Shelf life of DESMOPHEN® 2061 BD is 12 months. Product Type Polyols > Polyether Polyols Chemical Composition Linear polypropylene ether polyol Physical Form Liquid Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Used in the formulation of solvent-free elastic coatings. Handling solubility with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics Technical data Quantity Value Unit Comment Appearance Properties Physical state Fluid Physical Properties Water content 0.05 % Viscosity 325 - 365 cP 25°C Density 1.0 g/ml 25°C Chemical Properties OH equivalent weight 1000 g Hydroxyl number 54.7 - 57.5 mg KOH/g Acidity number 0.02 mg KOH/g Hydroxyl percentage 1.65 - 1.75 % DESMOPHEN 2060 BD A linear polypropylene ether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur in the formulation of solvent-free or low-solvent polyurethanes. Adhesives Coatings Foams Desmophen®: Versatile polyols for wide array of PU coatings, adhesives and foams The family of Desmophen® products contains polyether polyols and polyester polyols as polyurethane building blocks for foams, coatings, adhesives and many other applications. These variable building blocks make it possible to create an endless array of polyurethanes with wide-ranging properties. Desmophen® products are a versatile family of polyether polyols, which includes diols, triols and polymer polyols with molecular weights that vary from less than 300 to as much as 6,000 g/mol. They are used as polyol components for polyurethane and polyurea formulations. When reacted with Desmodur® products from , polyurethane products for many different applications may be obtained, such as flexible polyurethane foam, rigid polyurethane foam, compact polyurethane products, coatings and adhesives. Polyurethanes based on Desmophen® polyols, particularly when reacted with Desmodur® crosslinkers, are also fast-drying, durable and elastic, with an excellent resistance to chemicals, weathering and UV radiation. Get in touch with us to develop a unique formulation for your specific needs. Key Benefits Versatile: Suitable for nearly every PU application. High quality: Consistent quality, with high purity and low volatile content. Durable: Excellent resistance to chemicals, weathering and UV radiation.
DETA
DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA; 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; CAS NO: 111-40-0
DETA – Diethyletriamine
SYNONYMS DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA;2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; CAS NO:111-40-0
DEUREX A 27 P

Deurex A 27 P is an oleamide wax that acts as a rub/scratch resistance agent, antiblocking and processing agent, slip and wetting agent.
Deurex A 27 P is specifically designed for use in solvent-based flexoprinting inks, gravure and digital printing inks, and indirect food contact applications.
Deurex A 27 P is a type of fatty acid amide that is commonly used as a slip agent and processing aid in various industries, including printing, plastics, and food packaging.

CAS Number: 301-02-0
EC Number: 206-103-9



APPLICATIONS


Deurex A 27 P is used as a rub/scratch resistance agent in solvent-based flexoprinting inks.
Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid in gravure and digital printing inks, improving their flow properties and consistency.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip and wetting agent that enhances the adhesion and color strength of printing inks.

In packaging films, Deurex A 27 P acts as an antiblocking agent that prevents the adhesion of surfaces.
Deurex A 27 P also improves the flow properties and printability of packaging materials.

Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid and slip agent in PVC, polyethylene, and polypropylene plastics.
Deurex A 27 P reduces friction and enhances the surface characteristics of plastic products.

As a release agent in adhesive formulations, Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties and reduces the coefficient of friction.
In textiles, Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent that reduces friction and enhances the surface characteristics of fabrics.

Deurex A 27 P is also a processing aid that improves the printability of textiles.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent and processing aid in various coating applications, including paints, varnishes, and lacquers.
Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties, reduces friction, and enhances the surface characteristics of coatings.

In personal care products, Deurex A 27 P is a lubricant and emulsifier that improves the texture and spreadability of creams and lotions.
Deurex A 27 P is also used as a slip agent in agricultural films, reducing the coefficient of friction and improving handling.

In food packaging, Deurex A 27 P is an indirect food contact material that acts as a slip agent to prevent food adhesion.
Deurex A 27 P improves the surface characteristics of printing plates, making them easier to handle.
As a mold release agent, Deurex A 27 P improves the release properties of molded products, preventing sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is a lubricant that reduces friction and wear in wire drawing and metal forming.
In plastics processing, Deurex A 27 P reduces friction and wear, improving the efficiency and longevity of machinery.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a mold release agent and lubricant in the production of candles.
Deurex A 27 P improves the release properties and prevents sticking.

As a slip agent, Deurex A 27 P is used in adhesive tapes to improve handling and application.
Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid in hot melt adhesives, improving the melt flow and adhesion.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent in the production of synthetic leather, reducing friction and improving handling.
Deurex A 27 P is a lubricant in the production of synthetic fibers, improving the spinning and handling of the fibers.


Deurex A 27 P is a versatile oleamide wax that has a range of applications in various industries.
Its primary function is to act as a rub/scratch resistance agent, but it also serves as an antiblocking and processing agent, slip and wetting agent.
Here are some of its specific applications:

Printing Inks:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent, processing aid, and rub/scratch resistance agent in solvent-based flexoprinting inks, gravure and digital printing inks.
Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties, adhesion, gloss, color strength, and consistency of printing inks.

Packaging:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip and antiblocking agent in packaging films to prevent the adhesion of surfaces and improve the flow properties.
Deurex A 27 P can also improve the printability and shelf life of packaging materials.

Plastics:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid and slip agent in various plastic applications, including PVC, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
Deurex A 27 P improves the surface characteristics and reduces friction, making the plastics easier to process.

Adhesives:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a release agent and processing aid in adhesive formulations.
Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties and reduces the coefficient of friction, making the adhesives easier to handle and process.

Textiles:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent and processing aid in textile applications.
Deurex A 27 P reduces friction, improves the surface characteristics, and enhances the printability of textiles.

Coatings:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent and processing aid in various coating applications, including paints, varnishes, and lacquers.
Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties, reduces friction, and enhances the surface characteristics of coatings.

Personal Care:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a lubricant and emulsifier in various personal care applications, including cosmetics, lotions, and creams.
Deurex A 27 P improves the texture, spreadability, and absorption of personal care products.

Overall, Deurex A 27 P is a versatile material that can enhance the performance and durability of various products in many industries.


In addition to the applications I listed earlier, Deurex A 27 P has a few other uses:

Food Packaging:
Deurex A 27 P is used in indirect food contact applications, such as food packaging.
Deurex A 27 P acts as a slip agent, improving the flow properties and preventing the adhesion of food to the packaging material.

Printing Plates:
Deurex A 27 P is used in the manufacturing of printing plates.
Deurex A 27 P improves the surface characteristics of the plate and makes it easier to handle during the printing process.

Agricultural Films:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent in agricultural films.
Deurex A 27 P reduces the coefficient of friction, making the films easier to handle and install.

Mold Release:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a mold release agent in the production of various molded products, such as rubber parts, plastic parts, and castings.
Deurex A 27 P improves the release properties and prevents sticking.

Lubricants:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a lubricant in various applications, such as wire drawing, metal forming, and plastics processing.
Deurex A 27 P reduces friction and wear, improving the efficiency and longevity of the machinery.

Candles:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a mold release agent and lubricant in the production of candles.
Deurex A 27 P improves the release properties and prevents sticking.

These are some additional applications of Deurex A 27 P. However, its primary applications are in the ink, packaging, plastics, and adhesive industries.


Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of thermoplastic elastomers, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of adhesive films, improving their handling and application.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a release agent in the production of rubber parts, preventing sticking and improving the release properties.
In the production of foam materials, Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid that improves the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of synthetic fibers, reducing friction and improving handling.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of masterbatches, improving the dispersion of additives in the polymer matrix.
Deurex A 27 P is used as a lubricant in the production of wire and cable coatings, reducing friction and wear.

Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid and lubricant in the production of rubber compounds, improving the flow properties and reducing sticking.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of release liners, improving the handling and release properties of the liner.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of thermoplastic compounds, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of film laminates, improving their handling and reducing sticking.
Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid and slip agent in the production of injection molded parts, improving the flow properties and reducing sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is a release agent in the production of silicone rubber products, preventing sticking and improving the release properties.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of release coatings, improving the handling and release properties of the coating.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of thermosetting resins, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of plastic films, improving their handling and reducing sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid and lubricant in the production of PVC plastisols, improving the flow properties and reducing sticking.
Deurex A 27 P is a release agent in the production of polyurethane foam products, preventing sticking and improving the release properties.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of sheet extrusion products, improving their handling and reducing sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of thermoplastic foam materials, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a release agent in the production of epoxy resin products, preventing sticking and improving the release properties.

Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of nonwoven fabrics, improving their handling and reducing sticking.
Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of adhesives and sealants, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.

Deurex A 27 P is a lubricant in the production of metalworking fluids, reducing friction and wear.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of paper coatings, improving their handling and reducing sticking.



DESCRIPTION


Deurex A 27 P is an oleamide wax that acts as a rub/scratch resistance agent, antiblocking and processing agent, slip and wetting agent.
Deurex A 27 P is specifically designed for use in solvent-based flexoprinting inks, gravure and digital printing inks, and indirect food contact applications.

Deurex A 27 P is a type of fatty acid amide that is commonly used as a slip agent and processing aid in various industries, including printing, plastics, and food packaging.
Deurex A 27 P is a non-toxic and non-corrosive substance that can improve the flow properties and surface characteristics of materials, as well as reduce friction and prevent scratching or sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is likely to provide these benefits to the printing inks it is used in, while also meeting regulatory requirements for indirect food contact applications.

Deurex A 27 P is a versatile oleamide wax that offers multiple benefits in various industries.
Deurex A 27 P is a non-toxic and non-corrosive substance that is safe for use in indirect food contact applications.
The primary function of Deurex A 27 P is to act as a rub/scratch resistance agent.

Deurex A 27 P also serves as an antiblocking agent, which prevents the adhesion of surfaces.
Deurex A 27 P is an excellent processing aid that enhances the flow properties of materials.

Its slip and wetting properties reduce friction and improve the surface characteristics of materials.
Deurex A 27 P is particularly suitable for use in solvent-based flexoprinting inks, gravure and digital printing inks.

Deurex A 27 P can improve the adhesion and gloss of printing inks, making them more attractive and durable.
Deurex A 27 P can also enhance the color strength and consistency of printing inks.

Deurex A 27 P can be used in various printing processes, including flexographic, gravure, and digital printing.
Deurex A 27 Pt is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder that is easy to handle and store.
Deurex A 27 P has excellent thermal stability, making it suitable for use in high-temperature applications.

Deurex A 27 P is also resistant to chemicals and weathering, which makes it a durable and reliable material.
Deurex A 27 P can be used as a release agent in various industries, including rubber, plastics, and adhesives.

Its excellent slip properties make it an ideal lubricant for various applications.
Deurex A 27 P is a sustainable and eco-friendly material that can replace traditional petrochemical-based additives.

Deurex A 27 P is biodegradable and can be safely disposed of without harming the environment.
Deurex A 27 P is compatible with various types of resins and polymers, making it a versatile material.
Its compatibility with various substrates makes it suitable for use in diverse applications, including packaging, textiles, and coatings.

Deurex A 27 P can reduce the coefficient of friction of materials, making them easier to handle and process.
Its low melting point and viscosity make it easy to incorporate into various formulations.

Deurex A 27 P can improve the printability of materials, making them more attractive and informative.
Deurex A 27 P can also enhance the shelf life of printed materials by preventing scratching and fading.

Deurex A 27 P is a high-quality material that is manufactured using advanced production techniques.
Its consistent quality and performance make it a preferred choice for many industrial applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical name: Deurex A 27 P
CAS number: 301-02-0
EC number: 206-104-4
Appearance: White to yellowish solid
Odor: Characteristic
Melting point: 70-74°C
Flash point: >200°C (closed cup)
Density: 0.95-0.98 g/cm³
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
Viscosity: 100-500 mPas (at 140°C)
Acid value: < 0.5 mg KOH/g
Saponification value: 150-180 mg KOH/g
Iodine value: < 1.0 g I₂/100 g
Slip properties: Good slip performance, low COF (Coefficient of Friction)
Processing aid properties: Good processing aid performance, improves flow and consistency of materials
Antiblocking properties: Good antiblocking performance, reduces adhesion between surfaces
Wetting properties: Good wetting performance, improves surface wetting and spreading
Food contact compliance: Compliant with EU and FDA food contact regulations
Toxicity: Low toxicity, safe for use in consumer products
Environmental impact: Low environmental impact, biodegradable, and sustainable
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions, with a shelf life of at least two years



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is experiencing difficulty in breathing, call a physician or seek medical attention immediately.
If breathing has stopped, provide artificial respiration.
If the affected person is unconscious, ensure that their airway is clear and provide oxygen if necessary.


Skin contact:

In case of contact with the skin, immediately remove any contaminated clothing and wash the affected skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation or redness occurs, seek medical attention.
Do not use solvents or other chemicals to remove the wax from the skin, as this may exacerbate the irritation.


Eye contact:

In case of contact with the eyes, rinse them thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
If the person is wearing contact lenses, remove them if it is easy to do so.
Seek medical attention if eye irritation persists.


Ingestion:

In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and give the affected person a glass of water or milk to drink.
Seek immediate medical attention and bring the product container or label with you to the hospital or physician.

Note: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person.


General advice:

In case of any doubt, seek medical attention immediately.
Never administer any medication or ointment without medical advice.
In case of fire, use water fog, foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide (CO2) to extinguish the fire
Avoid using water in straight streams as it may spread the fire.


These first aid measures are provided as general guidelines and may not be applicable in every situation.
It is important to handle Deurex A 27 P and any other chemical substance with care and always follow the safety instructions provided on the product label and in the safety data sheet.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Avoid inhalation, skin contact, and eye contact with the substance.
Wear suitable protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a dust mask, when handling the substance.
Ensure that there is adequate ventilation in the working area to prevent the buildup of vapors.

Do not eat, drink or smoke in areas where the substance is being used.
Do not use compressed air for cleaning purposes, as this may spread the substance and create an explosion hazard.
Always follow good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands and face after handling the substance.


Storage:

Store the substance in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sources of ignition and direct sunlight.
Keep the substance away from heat, sparks, and flames.

Store the substance in a sealed container, away from incompatible materials, such as oxidizing agents, acids, and bases.
Ensure that the storage area is equipped with appropriate fire-fighting equipment and spill containment measures.

Do not store the substance near food or feed.
Store the substance in compliance with local and national regulations.
Always keep the substance out of the reach of children and unauthorized persons.


Disposal:

Dispose of the substance in accordance with local and national regulations.
Do not dispose of the substance in the environment, as this may cause harm to plants, animals, and human health.
Do not dispose of the substance in municipal waste streams or sewage systems.
If in doubt, contact a licensed waste disposal contractor for advice on the safe disposal of the substance.



SYNONYMS


Oleic acid amide wax
Ethylene bisoleamide wax
Behenic acid amide wax
Erucic acid amide wax
Stearic acid amide wax
Myristic acid amide wax
Lauric acid amide wax
Palmitic acid amide wax
Polyethylene wax amide
Montan wax amide
Paraffin wax amide
Synthetic wax amide
Polyamide wax
Fatty acid amide wax
Alkyl amide wax
Ethoxylated amide wax
Hydrogenated amide wax
Primary amide wax
Secondary amide wax
Tertiary amide wax
Ester amide wax
Amine amide wax
Glycerol amide wax
Maleic anhydride amide wax
Polyolefin amide wax
N,N’-ethylenebisstearamide
Stearic acid diethanolamide
Erucic acid diethanolamide
Stearyl erucamide
Behenamide
Ethylene bis-behenamide
Stearic acid ethylene diamide
Ethylene bis-oleamide
Stearic acid diethylenetriamine amide
Oleamide ethoxylate
Myristic acid diethanolamide
Ethylene bis-lauramide
Polyethylene bisstearamide
Fatty amide
N,N’-diethylstearic acid amide
Oleic acid diethanolamide
Stearic acid ethanolamide
Lauramide DEA
N-(2-hydroxyethyl) oleamide
Polyolefin wax amide
N-(2-hydroxypropyl) palmitamide
N-(2-hydroxyethyl) behenamide
Glycol di-oleate
Ethoxylated stearic acid amide
Polyamide oligomer
DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a colorless kind of slightly yellow transparent viscous liquid with a slight specific odor.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) plays an important role in human intermediary metabolism.


CAS Number: 81-13-0
EC Number: 201-327-3
MDL number: MFCD00065006
Chemical name: (D) - N - (2,4-dihydroxy)- β,β- Dimethylbutyryl)- β- Aminopropanol
Chemical formula: C9H19NO4



(R)-(+)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide, (R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric 3-hydroxypropylamide, D-Pantothenyl alcohol, Dexpanthenol, Provitamin B, Bepanthen, Bepanthene, Bepantol, D-panthenol, D-panthenol 50, D-Pantothenol, D-Pantothenyl alcohol, Dexpantenol, Dexpanthenol, Dexpanthenolum, Pantol, Pantothenyl alcohol, Provitamin B, Dexpanthenol, Provitamin B5, Pantothenyl Alcohol, among others, Butanamide,2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-,(2R)-, Butyramide,2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-,D-(+)-, Butanamide,2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-,(R)-, (2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide, Bepanthen, Bepanthene, Bepantol, Cozyme, Dexpanthenol, D(+)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide, D(+)-α,γ-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-β,β-dimethylbutyramide, Ilopan, D-P-A Injection, Motilyn, Panadon, Panthoderm, Pantol, d-Pantothenol, d-Pantothenyl alcohol, Thenalton, Zentinic, D-Panthenol, Panthenol, Pantothenol, Pantothenyl alcohol, Propanolamine,N-pantoyl-, Panthenol,(+)-, D(+)-Pantothenyl alcohol, D(+)-Panthenol, Synapan, Provitamin B, d-Panthenol, D-Pantothenyl alcohol, Provitamin B5, d-Panthenol 50, Urupan, Alcopan 250, Pantenyl, Intrapan, (+)-Panthenol, NSC 302962, Panthenol 50W, Cornergel, Dolobene, D-Panthenol 75L, Pantogel, (R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide, (2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide, 1113-70-8, 17307-32-3, 50584-68-4



Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an active ingredient with exceptional moisturizing properties that help to repair and protect the skin's barrier.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s anti-inflammatory effects also make it an effective ingredient for soothing and calming irritated skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a versatile ingredient that has numerous benefits for the skin.


Since its first use in an ointment, various product types have been developed which are widely used in the field of dermatology and skin care, and are associated with high consumer satisfaction.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the precursor of Vitamin B5.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a colorless kind of slightly yellow transparent viscous liquid with a slight specific odor.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) plays an important role in human intermediary metabolism.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) deficiency can cause many dermatological disorders.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a colourless viscous liquid, >98.0% (on dry basis, non-aqueous titration)
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid, which is an essential component of Coenzyme A, which acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium[A32373].
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an organic compound having the chemical formula C9H19NO4.


The molar mass of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is 205.25 g/mol.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) appears as a highly viscous, colorless liquid.
The density of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is 1.2 g/cm3.


The melting point of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can range from 66-69 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point ranges from 118 to 120 degrees Celsius.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcohol analog of pantothenic acid.
Therefore, we can name it a provitamin of B5.


In some organisms, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) quickly undergoes oxidation to form pantothenic acid.
Typically, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) molecules can readily penetrate into the skin and mucous membranes, which include intestinal mucosa as well.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) quickly oxidizes to pantothenic acid.


Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also useful in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which tends to play a role in a wide range of reactions involving enzymes in cell growth.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an organic compound having the chemical formula C9H19NO4.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is useful as a medication, as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations, etc.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid useful as a supplement or application in supporting a healthy epithelium.


Moreover, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is important in preventing vitamin deficiency in patients receiving total parental nutrition.
The molar mass of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is 205.25 g/mol.


The hydrogen bond donor count of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)d is 4, while the hydrogen bond acceptor count is 4 as well.
Furthermore, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has 6 rotatable bonds and one stereocenter.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) exists in a solid state at standard temperature and pressure, at which it appears as a hygroscopic oil or as a viscous liquid in its liquid form.


Moreover, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has a slightly bitter taste.
At high temperatures, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can decompose, but the boiling point can be given as in the range of 118-120 degrees Celsius.
The melting point of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is lower than 25 degrees Celsius.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can freely dissolve in methanol, water, and alcohol, and is slightly soluble in ethyl ether.
The density of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is 1.2 g/cm3 at 20 degrees Celsius.
In addition, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is reasonably stable than the salts of pantothenic acid at pH 3-5.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an organic compound having the chemical formula C9H19NO4, while Dexpanthenol is the D enantiomer of panthenol.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is derived from Vitamin B5, a chiral molecule that helps control negative consequences due to oxidative stress such as redness, fine lines and skin roughness.


Its molecular structure allows Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) to absorb moisture from the atmosphere and bind it to water molecules.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) supports tissue healing and is recommended for the treatment of dry and sensitive skin and hair loss.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is derived from Vitamin B5, a chiral molecule that helps manage the negative results that oxidative stress has on the skin, such as redness, fine lines, and skin roughness.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s molecular structure allows to attract moisture from the atmosphere and bind to water molecules.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid, which is an essential component of Coenzyme A, which acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the biologically-active alcohol of pantothenic acid, which leads to an elevation in the amount of coenzyme A in the cell.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) exhibits nephroprotective effect in AKI, promotes tissue repair and regeneration.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is transformed to pantothenic acid, which is an essential component of Coenzyme A.
*Coenzyme A is one of the cofactors to promote protein metabolism in the epithelium (upper skin.)


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is converted by our body to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5).
Panthothenic acid plays an essential role in the metabolism of our skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) increases the moisture of the skin and thus its elasticity, stimulates wound healing and relieves itching and inflammation.


A valuable resource in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the alcohol analogue and key biological precursor of D-pantothenic acid.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) features a white to slightly yellow, crystalline powder appearance and purity above 98.0%.


With its superior moisturizing properties, skin and hair enhancement features, and its protective and soothing properties, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) remains a vital ingredient in numerous beauty and healthcare products.
Embrace the full potential of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in your formulations to observe its remarkable benefits.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also called original vitamin B5.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is colorless viscous liquid or colorless transparent liquid, slightly with special odor.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is easily soluble in water, ethanol, methanol and propylene glycol.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is alcohol form of dextrotatory isomer of pantothenic acid.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the stable biologically active form of pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can be supplied as a racemic mixture of both dextrorotary form (dexpanthanol) and the levorotatory form (levopanthenol) meaning that the molecule comes in 2 forms that are mirror images of each other.


Only the Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is biologically active so it is important to look for skincare products calling out D-Panthenol or Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) otherwise the panthenol in the product is likely a racemic mixture with half being the non-biologically active form levopanthenol.
In skincare, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is recognized for its ability to attract and hold moisture as well as soothe the skin.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a B-vitamin-precursor, the so-called provitamin B5.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) itself has no cosmetic relevance.
However, as soon as it is absorbed by the skin or the body, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can be converted into pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), which is involved in many metabolic functions.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) stimulates lipid synthesis and supports the formation of new skin cells, which also promotes skin regeneration.
By the way, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a naturally occuring ingredient that is also found in many foods, such as whole grain products, eggs, rice, nuts and milk.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a very well researched and established active ingredient that can be found in hair products and various sprays, ointments (for burns and scars) or creams for dry skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) supports tissue healing and is recommended for the treatment of dry and sensitive skin and hair loss.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is applied to almost all types of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)is widely used in skincare products to moisturize, soothe, and protect dry, dehydrated, and irritated skins.
As a provitamin B5, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is widely used in pharmaceutical, food, feed, cosmetic industries.


As with Vitamin B5, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has the same metabolic processes as Vitamin B5.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used dietary supplement used in the food industry, promote body metabolism of protein, fat, carbohydrates, skin and mucosa, improve hair shine, improve immunity, disease; prevent incident.


Cosmetic industry uses of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol): Nursing effect and moisturizing performance on the skin with deep penetration agent, promote the growth of epithelial cells, promote wound healing, anti-inflammatory effect; With long-term moisturizing function of nursing effect, prevent hair from splitting, increase hair density, improve hair shine;


In the healthcare sector: Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is for used as moisturizing agents and moisturizing ointments, eye drops and other cleaning solutions, etc.
Because of the ability to attract and hold moisture Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in skincare products as a humectant.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) also has a role as provitamin (called pro-vitamin B5) and is used as a vitamin supplement in complex and alone, and as a cholinergic drug.
Due to its good penetration and high local concentrations, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in many topical products, such as ointments and lotions for treatment of dermatological conditions to relieve itching or promote healing.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid and cholinergic agent.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) acts as a precursor of coenzyme A necessary for acetylation reactions and is involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) acts on the gastrointestinal tract and increases lower intestinal motility.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also applied topically to the skin to relieve itching and to promote healing.
When considering the use of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic production, and other personal care products, it is important as a moisturizer and humectant.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in ointments, lotions, shampoos, nasal sprays, eye drops, lozenges, and cleaning solutions for contact lenses.
We can use ointments having Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is treat sunburns, mild burns, minor skin injuries, and disorders.
Moreover, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can improve hydration, reduce itching and inflammation of the skin, improve skin elasticity, and accelerate the epidermal wound’s rate of healing.


When using Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) as a component in shampoos, it can bind to the hair shaft readily.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can coat the hair and seal the surface of the hair to give it a shiny appearance.
The major uses of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) are in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as a moisturizer and to improve wound healing.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) shows a considerably good penetration ability and a high local concentration, which makes it useful in many topical products, including ointments and lotions.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used to treat dermatological conditions to relieve itching or promote healing.


Due to its good penetration and high local concentrations, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in many topical products, such as ointments and lotions for treatment of dermatological conditions to relieve itching or promote healing.
Dermatological effects of the topical use of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) include increased fibroblast proliferation and accelerated re-epithelialization in wound healing.


Furthermore, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) acts as a topical protectant, moisturizer, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties 3.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid that is used as a supplement or application to support a healthy epithelium and is also used to prevent vitamin deficiency in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN).


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also available as a racemic mixture containing both the dextrorotatory form (dexpanthenol) and the levorotatory form (levopanthenol) as Panthenol.
While pantothenic acid is optically active, only the dextrorotatory form (Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)) is biologically active.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is necessary for the preservation of the healthy complexion, beautiful hair and nails.
The lack of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has highly negative effects on the skin: the reduction of its elasticity, faster ageing process and progression of wrinkles; on the hair – the deterioration of its quality, loss of its shine and higher fragility.


For the said reasons, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is utilized in dermatology and in cosmetic applications.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) concentration is also of high importance in dermatological and therapeutical products.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has been clearly proved that the products containing over 1 % of panthenol have positive effects.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has become popular after many anti-dandruff and anti-thinning shampoos use it as one of the key ingredients.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used powerful Moisturizing effect on skin and hair.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used widely in cosmetics, especially for hair shampoo.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) prevents Dehydration.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) which is known to be biologically active plays an important role in enhancing the beauty of your hair and skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s hydrating, nourishing, protecting, repairing and healing properties play a vital role in many skincare, hair care and personal care products.


You might see Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in almost all the cosmetic products that you use in your daily routine.
Not only in cosmetics, but you will also find the name of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) cropping up in pharmaceutical products. -
Generally, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is considered to be mild on your skin and safe for topical use.


You can always do a patch test, before using Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) for the first time.
Allergic reaction on skin is generally rare, but in some cases, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is known to cause contact dermatitis.
Noted for its exceptional formulation potential, particularly in creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) offers numerous benefits to a broad range of applications.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an exceptionally beneficial and versatile compound designed for diverse applications predominantly in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is widely used in medicine, food, cosmetics and liquid preparations.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) enters the human body and can be converted into pantothenic acid to synthesize coenzyme A, promote the metabolism of human protein, fat and sugar, protect skin and mucous membrane, improve hair luster and prevent disease.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can prevent wrinkles, inflammation, sunshine and erosion, prevent hair loss, promote hair growth, keep hair moist, reduce hair bifurcations, prevent crispness and breakage, and protect, repair and care hair.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in skin care and hair care products.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) posesses penetrating, water-binding, protecting, anti-stress, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) offers characteristics such as strengthening of hair-roots and hair-shafts and pigment stimulation.


Also known as provitamin B5, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the most active isomeric form utilized for its moisturizing and soothing properties.
Particularly effective in hydrating the skin and enhancing Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s texture and elasticity.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has become a promising skincare ingredient for those seeking to achieve softer, smoother, and healthier-looking skin.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s often used in a variety of skincare products, from creams and lotions to serums and masks.
In conclusion, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a versatile ingredient that can be used to help moisturize and repair the skin.
Its properties make Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and reactive skin, and it has been shown to effectively reduce dryness and dehydration, making the skin more flexible and resilient.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a valuable addition to any skincare routine.
The name Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is mainly used in a medical context.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid and cholinergic agent.


- In hair care Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a small enough molecule to penetrate the hair and moisturize it, helping increase elasticity/reduce breakage.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) makes hair softer and shinier, and reduces static.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an versatile skin and hair care ingredient with a proven track record of awesomeness.



COMPREHENSIVE APPLICATIONS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Cosmetics:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an essential ingredient in creams, lotions, serums, moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and styling products.
These products leverage the numerous hair and skin benefits provided by Dexpanthenol (Panthenol).

*Pharmaceuticals:
Including Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in pharmaceutical formulations, such as ointments and creams, aids in wound healing, soothes skin irritations, and prevents dryness.

*Sun Care:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is applied in sun care products to provide added protection against harmful UV radiation.

*Baby Care: Infused in baby lotions, diaper creams, and bath products, D-Panthenol offers gentle and hydrating properties for delicate baby skin.

*Oral Care:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is incorporated into toothpaste and mouthwash, where its soothing and healing effects benefit the gums and oral tissues.



WHAT DOES DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) DO TO THE SKIN?
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) performs on the skin by attracting water to the upper topical layer of the skin and holding it there, helping to improve skin hydration and thereby improving the appearance.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) also has a soothing effect, which can help calm irritated skin.

Additionally, when used on a consistent basis, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can improve skin texture and elasticity.
While both forms of it can hydrate the skin, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) works by enhancing epidermal differentiation and facilitating wound healing which overall aids in reinforcing the skin barrier.



BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
The benefits of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in skin care include:
*Hydration:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps attract and hold moisture, keeping skin thoroughly hydrated.

*Soothing:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can provide soothing relief to skin irritation.

*Reinforce Skin Barrier:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can help improve the skin's barrier function, enhancing its resilience.

*Plumping:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is with proper hydration levels, skin appears plump and healthy-looking.



HOW DOES DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) WORK?
By incorporating Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) into a skin care formula, the intent is to help improve hydration and support the skin barrier.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has been shown to attract atmospheric water to the upper layer of the skin and hold it there, helping to improve the overall look of skin.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s ability to improve skin texture and elasticity results in softer & smoother feeling skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps to calm irritated skin and has been shown to help reduce atopic dermatitis flare ups and frequency.
Since Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) enhances wound healing it is also ideal for post-procedural treatments.



CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
D-Panthenol, an alcohol derivative, consists of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen (O).



DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) IS ESSENTIAL COMPOUND FOR COSMETICS AND PHARMACEUTICALS:
Essential Compound for Cosmetics & Pharmaceuticals
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a versatile and highly beneficial compound renowned for its numerous applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
As the alcohol analogue and biological precursor of D-pantothenic acid, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) offers a wide range of benefits and plays a crucial role in enhancing the condition of the skin and hair.



CORE FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Excellent Moisturizer:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) provides deep hydration to the skin and hair, reducing dryness and improving overall condition.

*Skin Enhancer:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) boosts skin elasticity and smoothness, contributing to a youthful appearance.

*Cell Regenerator:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) promotes skin cell regeneration, aiding in wound healing and scar prevention.

*Humectant:
As a humectant, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) attracts and retains moisture, providing prolonged hydration to the skin and hair.

*Hair Strengthener:
By reinforcing hair strength and flexibility, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps prevent hair breakage, split ends, and improves the overall condition of the hair.

*Protective Barrier:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) acts as a protective barrier, shielding the skin and hair from environmental pollutants and damaging UV radiation.

*Skin Soother:
With its soothing properties, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) effectively alleviates skin irritation, reducing redness and inflammation.



FEATURES OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) maintains a healthy skin: right balance between the stem cell renewal and the cell differentiation (p63 upregulated)
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) increases stratum corneum hydration by inducing long-lasting skin moisturization
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) reinforces the skin barrier by reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL)
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) forms show very good compatibility with all groups of cosmetics ingredients



BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Regenerates healthy skin maintaining cell stemness
*Improvement symptoms of sensitive skin:
dryness, roughness, redness, pruritus
*Accelerates wound-healing
*Moisturizes hair, strengthens damaged hair and reduces split ends
*Reinforces the nails
*Improves hydration and maintain skin softness and elasticity



WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)?
*has a soothing and moisturizing effect
*heals irritations and burns – supports the healing of wounds
*strengthens the lipid barrier of the epidermis, thus preventing the skin from drying out



PROPERTIES OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol), also known as provitamin B5, is an essential ingredient for the proper functioning of the skin.
Thanks to fine particles, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) easily penetrates deep into the skin, as well as into the hair fibers and the nail plate.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) strengthens and rebuilds their structure.
Due to its excellent moisturizing properties, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is readily used as an ingredient in preparations to soothe irritation and sunburn.



RECOMMENDATIONS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*All skin types
*Dry and sensitive skin
*Damaged skin
*Baldness



MAIN FUNCTIONS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Preventing damage
*Moisturizing
*Anti-oxidant



EFFECT OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Smooth and nourished skin.
*Shiny and healthy hair.



HOW TO APPLY DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)?
Apply Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) to the area to be treated with a circular motion massage or add it to a cream/mask.
Add Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) to a gel designed for use in other electrotherapy treatments such as Transdermic Mesotherapy or other types of medical devices used in ultrasound, ionization, or aesthetic treatments.



MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Antimicrobial,
*humectant,
*antioxidant,
*smooth and nourished skin,
*shiny and healthy hair.



THE BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) FOR SKIN:
Whether you have sensitive, dry, mature or damaged skin Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has long been known for its many positive properties.
Here are the benefits of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) for your skin:
*Very gentle and well-tolerated
*Attracts and retains moisture in the skin
*Supports regeneration
*Has wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties
*Strengthens the skin barrier
*Improves skin elasticity
*Promotes the formation of new cells (in wounds, injuries or sunburn)
*Reduces redness
*Reduces itching
*Soothes irritation



FOR VARIOUS SKIN CONCERNS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
You can easily incorporate Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) into your skincare routine in a variety of ways.
As a permanent staple in the form of a cream or as a quick SOS treatment for affected areas of skin.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is particularly suitable for the following skin conditions and skin types:
*Eczema
*Blemish-prone skin
*Couperose
*Sensitive skin
*Mature skin
*Stressed skin
*Dry skin



BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
One of the major benefits of using products with Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is that it has a moisturizing effect.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps to draw moisture into the skin, leaving it looking and feeling softer and smoother.
Additionally, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps to create a barrier on the skin that prevents environmental damage and protects against environmental irritants.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also known to help reduce inflammation signs.
This makes Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) especially helpful for those with sensitive, reactive, and dry skin like atopic prone skin.
The anti-inflammatory action of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps to reduce redness and irritation, as well as to promote skin repair.



STABILITY OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a relatively stable ingredient.



CONCENTRATION LEVELS AND RECOMMENDED USAGE FOR DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is typically found in topical skincare products at concentrations of 0.5% to 5%.
At these levels, the skin will benefit the most.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks designed to hydrate and soothe the skin.
For maximum results, it's recommended to use Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) products consistently over a period of several weeks.



IS IT OKAY TO USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) DAILY?
Yes, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is generally gentle and safe for daily use.
As always, a patch test is recommended when introducing a new skincare ingredient or product to ensure your skin agrees with Dexpanthenol (Panthenol).



WHO SHOULD USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)?
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can be beneficial for anyone dealing with dry or irritated skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s particularly effective for those looking to improve skin hydration, soothe irritation, and achieve smoother, softer skin.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also an amazing ingredient to incorporate after skin procedures and treatments.
As always, it's best to consult with a skincare professional or dermatologist to determine if Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is right for your specific skin concerns.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Although discovered decades ago, the exact mechanisms of action of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) have not been fully elucidated yet.
However, it is clearly demonstrated that Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is converted into pantothenic acid once it is absorbed into the skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is thought to act in three main ways: first, by increasing skin renewal, which helps to keep the skin healthy and well-maintained.

Secondly, by protecting the skin from damage caused by free radicals, which are molecules that can cause damage to the skin’s cells.
Finally, by improving the skin’s protective barrier, which can help keep the skin hydrated and well-nourished.
In addition, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is known to help reduce inflammation signs.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) then functions as a moisturizing and repairing agent, helping to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.



CONCENTRATION OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Typically, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10% in skincare products.
The concentration of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used may vary based on the specific formulation and intended use.



WHO SHOULD USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)?
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is suitable for all skin types and is especially beneficial for those with dry or sensitive skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can help to restore the skin’s natural moisture balance, lock in hydration, and protect it from environmental pollutants.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also an effective skin-soothing ingredient for those with atopic-prone skin, and irritated and sun-burned skin.



DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) CAN BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is known to have a synergistic effect when used in combination with other ingredients like Madecassoside, Niacinamide, Superoxide Dismutase, Ascorbic Acid, Retinol, and Isoflavones.



HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can be used daily, in the morning and/or in the evening, depending on the specific formulation and individual skin needs.



DON'T USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) IF:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is suitable for all skin types.
If you have very sensitive skin or allergies, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is always recommended to test products on a small skin area before using them on the face.



ORIGINS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is derived from pantothenic acid, which is a naturally occurring B-complex vitamin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is commonly found in a variety of food sources like eggs, whole grains, and dairy products.
In 1944, the first topical Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)-containing formulation was commercialized as an ointment.
The Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) used is a high-purity grade, produced synthetically.



CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a provitamin of pantothenic acid.It is composed of two main components: alcohol and acid.
The alcohol component helps to attract and retain moisture, while the acid component helps to strengthen the skin barrier.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a stable alcoholic analog of pantothenic acid.
Contrary to pantothenic acid, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is well absorbed through the skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) comes in a white crystalline powder.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Chemical formula: C9H19NO4
Molar mass: 205.254 g·mol−1
Appearance: Highly viscous, colourless liquid
Density: 1.2 g mL−1 (at 20 °C)
Melting point: 66 to 69 °C (151 to 156 °F; 339 to 342 K)[contradictory]
Boiling point: 118 to 120 °C (244 to 248 °F; 391 to 393 K) at 2.7 Pa
log P: −0.989
Acidity (pKa): 13.033
Basicity (pKb): 0.964
Chiral rotation ([α]D): +29° to +30°
Refractive index (nD): 1.499
Physical state: liquid, clear, viscous
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available

Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,2 g/cm3 at 20 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available

Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Product Name: (+)-Panthenol
CAS No.: 81-13-0
Molecular Formula: C9H19NO4
InChIKeys: InChIKey=SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N
Molecular Weight: 205.251
Exact Mass: 205.25
EC Number: 201-327-3
UNII: 1O6C93RI7Z
DSSTox ID: DTXSID3022906
NCI Thesaurus Code: C47481
Color/Form: Hygroscopic oil|Viscous liquid
Clear viscous, somewhat hygroscopic liquid

Some crystallization may occur on standing
ATC Code: D03AX03|A - Alimentary tract and metabolism
D - Dermatologicals|S - Sensory organs
HScode: 2924199090
PSA: 89.79
XLogP3: -0.9
Appearance: Transparent colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid
Density: 1.2 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point: Boiling Point: 119 °C
Flash Point: 246.3ºC
Refractive Index: 1.495-1.502
Water Solubility: In water, 1.6X10+6 mg/L at 25 deg C /miscible/ (est)
Storage Conditions: -20ºC
Vapor Pressure: 1.5X10-8 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)
Toxicity: LD50 oral in mouse: 15gm/kg
Taste: Slightly bitter taste
Henrys Law Constant: Henry's Law constant = 2.8X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)
Collision Cross Section: 144.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: sing



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C
Hygroscopic.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


DEXTRAN
DEXTRAN SULFATE, N° CAS : 9042-14-2, Nom INCI : DEXTRAN SULFATE, Nom chimique : Sulfuric acid, dextran ester, Classification : Sulfate, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
DEXTRAN SULFATE
DEXTRIN MYRISTATE N° CAS : 93792-77-9, Nom INCI : DEXTRIN MYRISTATE, Nom chimique : Tetradecanoic acid, dextrin ester Ses fonctions (INCI) Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
DEXTRIN
CAS No: 9004-53-9
EC Number:232-675-4
Chemical formula:(C6H10O5)n
E number:E1400 (additional chemicals)

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen.
Dextrins are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
Dextrin is a general term for substances that have been polymerized by glycosidic bonds of several alpha-glucose molecules.
Dextrins are a type of starch, and as the name suggests, indigestible dextrin resists digestion.

Dextrin is basically a sweet sugar extracted from potato starch.
Dextrin color range is from white to tan; Dextrin has low to high solubilities in cold water, and gives pastes that vary widely in viscosity.
Dextrin is produced from all commercial grain and tuber starches.
During its manufacture, the factors taken into consideration are type of starch and moisture content, roasting time and temperature, and the type and amount of catalyst used.

Dextrin is made from cornstarch that is roasted and then hydrolyzed by amylase (an enzyme that digests starch taken in as food).
Indigestible dextrin is a water-soluble dietary fiber extracted and prepared from the indigestible components in the resulting mush.
Dextrin was created with the aim of supplementing dietary fiber, which tends to be deficient in many diets.
The aqueous solution of dextrin, which has low viscosity and low sweetness, is a food ingredient that is nearly transparent with excellent heat and acid resistance.

Dextrins many different physiological functions make it suitable for use in a variety of foods.
Dextrins can be produced from starch using enzymes like amylases, as during digestion in the human body and during malting and mashing, or by applying dry heat under acidic conditions (pyrolysis or roasting).
Dextrin procedure was first discovered in 1811 by Edme-Jean Baptiste Bouillon-Lagrange.

The latter process is used industrially, and also occurs on the surface of bread during the baking process, contributing to flavor, color and crispness.
Dextrins produced by heat are also known as pyrodextrins.
Dextrin starch hydrolyse during roasting under acidic conditions, and short-chained starch parts partially rebranch with α-(1,6) bonds to the degraded starch molecule.
See also Maillard Reaction.

Dextrins are white, yellow, or brown powder that are partially or fully water-soluble, yielding optically active solutions of low viscosity.
Most of them can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration; one distinguishes erythrodextrin (dextrin that colours red) and achrodextrin (giving no colour).

White and yellow dextrins from starch roasted with little or no acid are called British gum.
Yellow dextrins are used as water-soluble glues in remoistenable envelope adhesives and paper tubes, in the mining industry as additives in froth flotation, in the foundry industry as green strength additives in sand casting, as printing thickener for batik resist dyeing, and as binders in gouache paint and also in the leather industry.

White dextrins are used as:
-a crispness enhancer for food processing, in food batters, coatings, and glazes, (INS number 1400)
-a textile finishing and coating agent to increase weight and stiffness of textile fabrics
-a thickening and binding agent in pharmaceuticals and paper coatings
-a pyrotechnic binder and fuel; this is added to fireworks and sparklers, allowing them to solidify as pellets or "stars"
-a stabilizing agent for certain explosive metal azides, particularly Lead(II) azide
-Owing to their rebranching, dextrins are less digestible.
-Indigestible dextrins have been developed as soluble stand-alone fiber supplements and for adding to processed food products.

Uses of Dextrin:
dextrin (British gum; starch gum) absorbs moisture.
Dextrin is also used as a binder to control product viscosity and reduce the density of a cosmetic.
Dextrin is produced from corn starch and modified by means of a bacterial process.
Dextrin may cause an allergic reaction.

Other types
Maltodextrin
Main article: maltodextrin
Maltodextrin is a short-chain starch sugar used as a food additive.
Dextrin is also produced by enzymatic hydrolysis from gelled starch, and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spray-dried powder.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might either be moderately sweet or have hardly any flavor at all.

Cyclodextrin
Main article: Cyclodextrin
Dextrin cyclical dextrins are known as cyclodextrins.
They are formed by enzymatic degradation of starch by certain bacteria, for example, Paenibacillus macerans (Bacillus macerans).
Cyclodextrins have toroidal structures formed by 6-8 glucose residues.

Amylodextrin is a linear dextrin or short chained amylose (DP 20-30) that can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds or debranching amylopectin.
Amylodextrin colors blue with iodine.
(Beta) Limit dextrin is the remaining polymer produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin with beta amylase, which cannot hydrolyse the alpha-1,6 bonds at branch points.
(Alpha) Limit dextrin is a short chained branched amylopectin remnant, produced by hydrolysis of amylopectin with alpha amylase.
Highly branched cyclic dextrin is a dextrin produced from enzymatic breaking of the amylopectin in clusters and using branching enzyme to form large cyclic chains.

CAS Number:337376-15-5
ChemSpider:none
ECHA InfoCard:100.029.693
E number:E1400 (additional chemicals)
KEGG:C00721
PubChem CID:62698
UNII:2NX48Z0A9G
CompTox Dashboard (EPA):DTXSID20891750

Properties
Chemical formula:(C6H10O5)n
Molar mass:variable
Appearance:white or yellow powder

Dextrin is a starch derivative obtained by treating starch at high temperature.
Dextrin Types: Sunar M-70, Sunar M-90, Sunar GM-90, Sunar D-1, Sunar S-2

Application Areas
Dextrin’s application areas are coal, gypsum,textile, corner board, tube winding, lamination, wood pellet, charcoal pellet, paper bag bottom gluing, side gluing of corrugated cardboard, bonding agent in the preparation of sand molding and envelop production.

Dextrin is a generic term applied to a variety of products obtained by heating a starch in the presence of small amounts of moisture and an acid.
Dextrins can be made from any starch and are generally classified as white dextrins, yellow (or canary) dextrins, and British gums.
Each is more water-soluble and produces less viscous solutions or dispersions than its parent starch.
Each is produced by combinations of slight depolymerization (hydrolysis) and transglycosylation (molecular rearrangement).

Transglycosylation produces more highly branched structures and forms glycosidic linkages not found in native starches.
Most dextrins are used as adhesives for paper products.
Only white dextrins and only small amounts of them are used in prepared foods.
White dextrins are prepared by heating a dried, acidified starch.

While dextrins are little used in foods; maltodextrins and syrup solids are used extensively.
Both are produced from starch by hydrolysis only, i.e., without molecular rearrangement, and are of lower average molecular weight than either dextrins or acid-thinned (thin-boiling) starches, the latter being slightly depolymerized starches that remain in granular form.
Dextrin primary difference between thin-boiling starches, maltodextrins, and syrups/syrup solids is the degree of depolymerization.
Dextrin primary difference between dextrins and thin-boiling starches is the method of preparation.

Dextrins (pyrodextrins) are made by heating dry starch with or without acid.
Since Dextrin is a dry process, recovery of water-soluble materials is simpler than with aqueous fluidity and oxidized starches.
Depending on reaction conditions, greater or lesser amounts of three reactions will occur:
(a) hydrolysis;
(b) transglycosidation; and
(c) repolymerization.
According to which predominates, the product is a white dextrin, a yellow dextrin or a British gum.
Like other converted materials, these products offer a way to use higher solids to increase performance.

Dextrins differ from fluidity starches in that their cold-water-solubility increases, while their gel strength and their mean molecular weight are reduced.
Dextrins are formed through acid modification of a dry powder.
Dextrins are more completely hydrolyzed products than fluidity starches.
Hydrochloric acid is favored, but sulfuric and orthophosphoric acids are also used. Dextrins are used where dispersions or sols having high solids are desired.
The choice of a dextrin is a function of application requirements (concentration of sol, color, film strength, ability to be moistened, tack, etc.).
A typical application is the pan coating of confections, where the clear dextrin film prevents separation of the sugar shell from the base center material.

Dextrins are also used to provide gloss to bakery goods as fat replacers.
Highly soluble British gums and yellow dextrins are used as carriers for active food flavorings, spices and colorants, where rapid dissolution in water is desired.
Yellow corn dextrin is also used in the encapsulation of water-insoluble flavorings and oils, replacing gum arabic.
A white dextrin is marketed as a fat replacer.

Dextrins are produced from all commercial grain and tuber starches.
The conversion process is essentially the same for all starches for manufacture of a given dextrin, but ease of conversion varies with starch type and quality.

Potato starch is generally regarded as the easiest to convert, followed closely by tapioca and sago starches.
Corn starch and other cereal starches require longer converting times and higher temperatures to reach a given level of dextrin conversion than do potato or tapioca starch.
Corn starch, however, is the major source for dextrins in the United States because of its low cost and ready availability.

Dextrins are a blend of low-molecular-weight polymers of glucose linked through α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds obtained through starch hydrolysis.
They are commonly described by their dextrose equivalent (DE) values, which are defined as reducing sugars expressed as dextrose (D-glucose) on the basis of dry weight.
Dextrins find applications in the food industry as viscosity improvers, ingredients in formulated foods, extenders of powdery foods, and glazing agents in rice cakes.

Dextrins, glucose syrups, and modified starches
Dextrins, formed on heating starch, are assayed together with the unmodified polysaccharide.
The dextrin–iodine coloration is reddish brown.
Glucose syrups (from starch) are extremely soluble in water, and the reducing power (‘dextrose equivalent’) of a sample whose moisture and ash content is known affords a measure of the length of the chain of glucose residues.
Free glucose is measured by the glucose oxidase method.
The molecular weight distribution, which is an important property affecting viscosity, is best measured by SEC, or by an HPLC procedure.
If modification of the starch by oxidation, etherification, or esterification (e.g., phosphate formation) has been carried out, methods appropriate to the specific analyses required must be adopted.

What Is Dextrin?
So first of all, we should figure out what the heck dextrin is.
Actually, dextrins are a category that includes several different carbohydrate strains that are produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Okay, what? Yep, this can be pretty confusing, so we will try to break Dextrin down for you.
Starches are complex carbohydrates that are made up of mostly sugar molecules.

Starches are mostly found in plants, specifically many of our staple foods like potatoes, corn and rice, and are created as a source of energy.
Dextrin are actually the most common form of carbohydrates found in most human diets.
Hydrolysis is a process that uses water to break down molecules into smaller molecules.
So basically, you take a long strain of sugars (a starch) and break Dextrin down by adding water, and the smaller resulting strains are known as dextrins.
Phew, that was a lot of information! Still with us?

Types of Dextrin
Dextrins can be made from almost any starch source, like corn, wheat or potatoes.
Dextrins are classified into a few different types: typically white dextrins, yellow or canary dextrins or British gums.
Dextrin are all water-soluble solutions and are typically less viscous than the starch that they came from (potato or wheat, for instance).
There are several different uses for dextrins.
One of the most popular is in the adhesive industry.
Because of their water solubility, dextrins are ideal for water-activated adhesives and glues (think postage stamps and envelopes, where you lick them to activate the adhesive properties).
Dextrins are also used to print on cotton fabrics in the textile industry! White dextrins alone are used in the food industry.
These are typically created by a combination of acid and water during hydrolysis.

How Are Dextrins Formed?
Dextrins are usually a byproduct or intermediate product of other processes, such as cooking or enzyme activation.
The most common example of this is the crispy brown part on the top of fresh-baked bread.
The exact properties of your dextrin will rely heavily on what type of starch Dextrin was formed from, so wheat dextrin, for instance, will have very different reactions and properties than corn dextrin or potato dextrin.
Wheat dextrin is a popular example and is a byproduct of the process that extracts gluten proteins from wheat.
The wheat starch gets sprayed with an acid solution and then Dextrin is suspended in water.
After a while, the wheat starch gets roasted until Dextrin is dry, and then Dextrin has officially been converted into dextrin and is packaged and ready to go!

What Is Dextrin Used For?
We mentioned earlier that white dextrins are the only ones used in the food industry, and that is true.
You may be surprised at how many foods contain dextrin when you start checking out your labels!
For something you may not have heard of, this stuff is all over the supermarket shelves!
Wheat dextrin is used to thicken many products in the food industry, such as soups or stews, or even baby foods!
Dextrin is also a popular ingredient to replace fats in low-calorie foods, so if you start reading the labels at health food stores, you will probably start seeing this word a lot!

Wheat dextrin specifically is a great source of fiber, and more specifically, soluble fiber.
There are many differences between soluble and insoluble fiber, but the basic lesson is that soluble fiber digests easily and quickly and helps attach to things like bad cholesterol on the way out, so it helps lower the bad cholesterol in your system!
In short, soluble fiber is great for you!
There are so many health benefits associated with a high fiber diet that we will explore in a minute.
Just know that dextrin is often used as a popular fiber supplement.

Another popular use for dextrin in foods is to make foods crispy or as a coating: we mentioned the crispy brown part on the top of bread earlier, and this is a perfect example.
Dextrin gives fried foods that extra-brown, crispy texture as well.
We all love a good home-cooked fried chicken--give credit to dextrin for that flaky, delicious skin!

Is Dextrin Gluten Free?
We’ve talked about wheat dextrin a good bit, so it may be on your mind to ask whether dextrin is gluten-free or not.
The truth is, a lot of dextrin in food is made from non-wheat sources, like tapioca, rice, or potatoes.
Dextrin these cases, you will be absolutely safe from any gluten particles, so if you have a gluten intolerance or sensitivity, then you have no need to worry about these types of dextrin.
Wheat dextrin, in some cases, will have the gluten processed out of it, so you should not have to worry.
Dextrin some cases, however, the gluten may still remain in the dextrin in a larger quantity than is allowed.
Dextrin these cases, the manufacturer is required to use the word “wheat” on their ingredients or includes list, though, so if you are gluten sensitive or have Celiac Disease, then you should not worry about dextrin on an ingredient list unless it contains the word wheat as well!

Health Benefits of Dextrin
There are several health benefits of dextrin, not only because it is a high source of soluble fiber.
A high fiber diet has been linked to numerous health benefits, including weight loss, better skin health, higher bone density, and lower cholesterol.
Fiber is considered a natural detoxifier, and most cancers have been linked to more toxic inner environments, so fiber has in some cases been linked to lower risk of cancers like colon and liver cancer.
Fiber keeps your bowel movements regular, as well as speeding up digestion and easing the flow of everything you eat through your system - from start to...well, finish.
Fiber also allows your body to absorb nutrients more smoothly and helps flush out bad things without allowing them to sit in your body for too long.

Dextrin is prepared by roasting starch in the presence of acid, which chemically changes the character and properties of starch.
Dextrin is an intermediate between starch and sugars derived from starch.
Dextrin goes into solution instantly and with a lesser quantity of water.
The severity of the heat and acid treatment determines the degree of solubility which is the basis for classifying or grading Dextrin.
Offers high strength films, wide range of water solubilities and greater adhesive strength as well as fluidity.
This starch converted product uses large amounts of yellow dextrin in the preparation of liquid as well as dry adhesives and finds application in the manufacture of spiral, convolute tubes as well as carbon paper, abrasives, dry distemper and in machine labelling of tins, cartons, packages, envelopes, corrugated boxes etc.
Dextrin is also used by crackers manufacturer due to Dextrins adhesive properties as well as explosive character, as a core binder in refractories, foundry operations and in paper tubes, paper cones, book-binding, carton sealing, cigarette pasting, match-head, match box making.
A carbohydrate that has a chemical formula of C18H32O16, used chiefly as a thickening agent in food or as adhesive

Supplement
Carbohydrates are one of the major classes of biomolecules.
The simplest form of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide.
The monosaccharides may combine by glycosidic bonds and form larger carbohydrates, such as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Dextrin is an example of a carbohydrate.
Dextrins are carbohydrates produced from hydrolyzing starch or glycogen.

Dextrin is comprised of D-glucose units that are linked by α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
Dextrins are naturally-occurring.
In humans, dextrin is produced during the digestion of starch.
In particular, the human saliva contains the enzyme α-amylase that hydrolyzes the α-1,4 glycosidic bonds that link carbohydrate constituents of the starch.
This results in the production of dextrin (as well as maltotriose and maltose).
Dextrins are produced synthetically as well for their industrial uses.
Starch (or British) gum is a translucent, gummy, amorphous substance that is used as a substitute for gum.

Dextrin is produced synthetically through heat, acids, or diastase.
Dextrin is of somewhat variable composition, containing several carbohydrates which change easily to their respective varieties of sugar.
Dextrin is so named from its rotating the plane of polarization to the right.
Linear dextrins are carbohydrates with six or more glucose molecules that are linked with α(1→4) glycosidic linkage.
Limit dextrins are those comprised of glucose molecules linked with α(1→6) glycosidic linkage.

What is dextrin?
Dextrin is not easy to explain what dextrin really is, as Dextrin is a catch-all for shorter chains of glucose.

The origin of all forms of dextrin is starch from wheat, potatoes, corn, rice, cassava and other starchy crops.
When the starch is broken up, for example during baking, Dextrin breaks down into single glucose molecules, chains with two glucose moieties (maltose) and shorter chains with three or more glucose moieties (maltodextrin).
Dextrin some processes, these are re-combined with various glycoside bonds into tree-like structures.
These re-combined carbohydrates are called dextrin.

Owing to the branching, dextrins are less digestible.
By controlling the glycoside bonds between the branches, Dextrin is possible to produce dextrin that doesn’t break up at all in our digestion system.
They are called resistant dextrin and are dietary fibres.

Yummy for the gut
Dextrin has several health benefits.

Dextrins find widespread use in industry, due to their non-toxicity and their low price.
They are used as water soluble glues, as thickening agents in food processing, and as binding agent in pharmaceuticals.
In pyrotechnics they are added to fire formulas, allowing them to solidify as pellets or "stars."
Cyclodextrins find additional use in analytical chemistry as a matrix for the separation of hydrophobic substances, and as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations.
Not all forms of dextrin are digestible, and indigestible dextrin is sometimes used in fiber supplements.

For example, maltodextrin is a moderately sweet polysaccharide used as a food additive.
Dextrin is produced from starch and is usually found as a creamy white hygroscopic powder.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose.
The CAS registry number of maltodextrin is 9050-36-6.

Maltodextrin can be derived from any starch.
Dextrinthe US this starch is usually corn or potato, elsewhere such as in Europe it is commonly wheat.
Dextrin is important for coeliacs since the wheat-derived maltodextrin can contain traces of gluten.

Foods containing maltodextrin may contain traces of amino acids, including glutamic acid as a manufacturing by-product.
The amino acids traces would be too small to have any dietary significance.

Dextrins are starches that are parched with acid hydrolyzation.
Dextrin production and marketing is shaped relatively its color and parching duration.
Dextrin is widely used in chemistry, textile and paper industries.

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of the D-glucose polymers starch or glycogen.
The term is usally used to describe a mixture of polymers of various sizes, where the glucose units are linked by either α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
When the polymers were hydrolyzed sufficiently to produce chain lengths that are under 20 monomers, the mixture is referred to as a maltodextrin.

As all nutrition fibres, Dextrin is neither digested nor absorbed in the human small intestine.
Thus, Dextrin doesn’t affect the blood sugar level.
Dextrin passes the digestive system unaffected to the large intestine, where Dextrin is prebiotic for the gut bacterias.
The bacteria in the colon ferment the fibres and produce short-chain fatty acids.
That gives a sustained energy release.
The amount of energy is only 1,7 kcal per gram.
Compared to 4 kcal per gram of sugar, that is almost 60% fewer calories.

Dextrins are polysaccharides formed by heating dry or acid-modified starches in a process called pyrolysis.
They can be used at higher solids levels than native or modified starches, creating stronger bonds, more tack and faster-drying properties than pastes made from unmodified starch.
Dextrin pastes provide excellent machinability and also can be used in adhesives and coatings that come into contact with food products, child-safe school pastes, remoistenable wallpaper, bag/envelope seams and paper and textile sizing.
Dextrin can also be used for encapsulation or granulation of active ingredients such as pharmaceuticals that are produced by fermentation.

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrins are mixtures of linear α-(1,4)-linked D-glucose polymers starting with an α-(1,6) bond.
Because branched amylopectin and glycogen also contain α-(1,6) bonds, which α-amylase cannot hydrolyze in humans, the digest resulting from this action contains a mixture of dextrins.
They have the same general formula as carbohydrates but are of shorter chain length.
Industrial production is, in general, performed by acidic hydrolysis of potato starch.
Dextrins are water-soluble, white to slightly yellow solids that are optically active.
Under analysis, dextrins can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration.

For example, maltodextrin either can be moderately sweet or have hardly any flavor at all.
Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive.
Dextrin is produced from starch and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic powder.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose.
The CAS registry number of maltodextrin is 9050-36-6.

Maltodextrin can be derived from any starch.
In the US, this starch is usually rice, corn or potato; elsewhere, such as in Europe, Dextrin is commonly wheat.
Dextrin is important for coeliacs, since the wheat-derived maltodextrin can contain traces of gluten.
There have been recent reports of coeliac reaction to maltodextrin in the United States.
Dextrin might be a consequence of the shift of corn to ethanol production and Dextrins replacement with wheat in the formulation.

Dextrins are starches taht are parched with acid hydrolyzation.
Dextrin production and marketing is shaped relatively Dextrins color and parching duration.
Dextrin is widely used in chemistry, textile and paper industries.

Dextrin is sold in 25 kg craft pockets.
Hydrolyzed dextrins naturally exists in leaves of vegetables.
Dextrin exists in onion roots, onion skins and leaves of rice seeds.
Dextrin is used in chemistry, textile and paper industries as a glue.

A dextrin is a de-polymerised starch. By cutting the chain structure of the starch, its functionality changes.
To make a dextrin, basically any starch source is suitable, such as corn, wheat, tapioca, potato, pea, etc.
Unlike starch, dextrins can be white, yellow, or brown.
They are all partially or fully water-soluble.
Furthermore, they are typically less viscous than the starch that they came from.
They undergo modification by either chemicals, or temperature, or both.

Dextrins have a range of different uses.
Unquestionably, the paper industry is one of the most important users of dextrins for adhesives and coatings.
Dextrin chemical and mineral industry use predominantly the yellow (canary dextrins) and brown dextrins.

Pyrdodextrins
There are three groups of pyrodextrins: white dextrins, yellow (or canary) dextrins and British gums.

Starch dextrins are produced by heating dry starch. They are also often called pyrodextrins.
Pyroconversion is based on heat treatment of a dry starch with or without adding acid.

White dextrins, these are made in the presence of an acid at relatively low temperatures, and short process time;
Yellow dextrins, these are made in the presence of an acid at higher temperature, and for longer times.
Yellow corn dextrin is for instance used in the encapsulation of water-insoluble flavourings and oils;
British gums are made at higher temperatures and longer residence times.

Dextrin can be achieved without chemical modification or with the aid of an alkali.
British gums are highly soluble and used as carriers for active food ingredients such as flavourings, spices, and colourants.
When exposed to higher temperatures, the starch starts to become darker.
Dextrin is the reason why white dextrin is lighter: its heat treatment has been mild.

White dextrin
Examples of white dextrin applications in the food sector are:
-a crispness enhancer, in food batters, and as a coating
-a thickening agent for stews and soups
-a fat replacer in low-calorie food
-a soluble dietary fibre supplement
-a prebiotic
-a binding agent in pharmaceuticals
-a cold water soluble filler in herbal formulations

Dextrin, class of substances prepared by the incomplete hydrolysis of starch or by the heating of dry starch.
Dextrins are used chiefly as adhesives and as sizing agents for textiles and paper.

a soluble, gummy substance, formed from starch by the action of heat, acids, or ferments, occurring in various forms and having dextrorotatory properties: used chiefly as a thickening agent in printing inks and food, as a mucilage, and as a substitute for gum arabic and other natural substances.
Any of various soluble polysaccharides obtained from starch by the application of heat or acids and used mainly as adhesives and thickening agents.
any of a group of sticky substances that are intermediate products in the conversion of starch to maltose: used as thickening agents in foods and as gums

What Is Dextrin?
Dextrin is a carbohydrate with the same general formula as starch.
Dextrins are polysaccharides and are produced by the hydrolysis of starch by heat and by acid.
Their nature and chemical behavior depend upon the kind of starch from which they are produced.

For commercial use dextrin is prepared by heating and drying starch and then treating this starch with HCl (hydrochloric acid) to produce a colorless to yellowish, tasteless and odorless powder which when mixed with water, forms a strong adhesive paste.
Present technology requires a costly and time-consuming process of at least four steps; drying, heating, reacting and cooling.
These multi-step processes are very labor intensive and usually producing a dextrin with significant variances from batch to batch.
The poor heat transfer capabilities and inconsistent HCl (hydrochloric acid) distribution in the mix creates Dextrin of varying colors and can lead to the formation of “black specks”.

Introduction
White dextrins are prepared by heating dry starch in the presence of an acid at a temperature generally below 150°C.
White dextrins may also be obtained by further continuing the acid process for making thin boiling starches.
Because of the nature of the application as well as their flavour, their use in food is restricted.
Dextrins are a stage in the normal digestion of starch occurring in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Dextrin represent a broad range of products with considerably smaller molecular size than native starch.
Yellow dextrins are prepared in a similar manner but at a higher temperature and using less acid.
Apart from depolymerization, a good deal of internal rearrangement occurs with formation of highly branched molecules.
These materials are used in foods in limited quantities as adjuvants in flavour encapsulation and similar minor uses.

CAS No.9004-53-9
Chemical Name:Dextrin
SynonymsDextrin;Pinedex;dextrins;caloreen;Starch gum;Dextrin, AR;Corndextrin;WHITEDEXTRIN;DextrineWhite;Dextrin,tech.
CBNumber:CB4178675
Molecular Formula:C18H32O16
Formula Weight:504.43708
MOL File:9004-53-9.mol

Melting point:53.75-54 °C
Density: 0.8 g/cm3
storage: temp. Store at RT.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL hot, complete, yellow to very deep yellow
form powder: color yellow
Water Solubility :Soluble in hot water (0.1 g/ml).
Sensitive Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,2953
Stability:Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKeyFYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N
SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances)Corn dextrins (packaging)
Dextrins
FDA 21 CFR184.1277
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)DEXTRIN
EWG's Food Scores1
EPA Substance Registry SystemDextrin (9004-53-9)

Application:
Dextrin can be used as emulsifying stabilizers and thickeners, adhesives and surface decorators.
Dextrin can be applied to the pharmaceutical industry, protective adhesives and suspending agents, adhesives.
For example, Dextrin can be applied to the sizing treatment of paper, textile sizing and ink preparation; Dextrin can also be used as a drug excipient and a substitute of the Arabic gum.

Production:
Dextrin is obtained from using natural starch originated from cereals or rhizome plants (E.g., corn, sorghum, potato, bamboo, wheat, rice, cassava, sago, etc.) as raw materials which are heated in the presence of suitable food-grade acids and buffers, leading to partial hydrolysis to obtain it.
Drying method: apply hydrochloric acid (≤ 0.15%) or orthophosphoric acid (≤ 0.17%) treatment.
Enzymatic method: take the natural starch of corn, wheat and dried potato as raw material, use 0.15% hydrochloric acid or 0.17% phosphoric acid for heat treatment, and apply starch partial degradation to derive the products.

Chemical Properties:
White powder

Chemical Properties:
Dextrin is partially hydrolyzed maize (corn), potato or cassava starch.
Dextrin is a white, pale yellow or brown-colored powder with a slight characteristic odor.

Uses:
Dextrin is a partially hydrolyzed starch formed from the treatment of starch by dry heat, acid, or enzymes.
Dextrin can be formed from amylose and amylopectin-type starches.
they are white or yellow (canary) in color. as compared to unmodified starch, s have increased water solubility, viscosity stability, and reduced paste viscosity.
uses include dough improvement and binding.

Uses:
Pharmaceutic aid (suspending agent); pharmaceutic aid (viscosity-increasing agent); pharmaceutic aid (tablet binder); pharmaceutic aid (tablet and capsule diluent).

Production Methods:
Dextrin is prepared by the incomplete hydrolysis of starch by heating in the dry state with or without the aid ofsuitable acids and buffers; moisture may be added during heating.
The PhEur 6.4 specifies that dextrin is derived from maize(corn),potatoorcassava starch.
A specification for cassava is included in the USP32–NF27.

Definition:
A polysaccharide sugar produced by the action of amylase enzymes on or the chemical hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrins are used as adhesives.

Definition:
dextrin: An intermediate polysaccharidecompound resulting fromthe hydrolysis of starch to maltose byamylase enzymes.
Agricultural Uses
Dextrin is a group of colloidal products, formed by the hydrolysis of starches with dilute acids or by heating dry starch.
The yellow or white powder or granules obtained are soluble in boiling water and insoluble in ether or alcohol.
Dextrin is used in adhesives, as thickening agents and in penicillin manufacture.

Dextrins are polymers of glucose molecules formed during the degradation of starch in the mashing process.
The starch comprises amylose, a straight-chain polymer of glucose linked alpha 1,4, and amylopectin, a branched glucose polymer with alpha 1,4 links in the chain and alpha 1,6 links at the branch points.
Starch is derived predominantly from malted barley, although other cereal sources (adjuncts) can also contribute.
During the mashing process a series of malt enzymes, notably alpha and beta amylases, break down the starch polymers into smaller units comprising several glucose molecules, which may be arranged either straight chain or in a branch formation.
These glucose polymers can be further degraded into much smaller units comprising glucose (a single glucose molecule), maltose (two glucose molecules), and maltotriose (three glucose molecules), which can be utilized by the brewing yeast in fermentation.

However, depending on the extent of the enzyme activity, some of the glucose polymers do not degrade completely and are carried forward into the wort.
These polymers, which can account for a notable percentage of the total extract, are unable to be fermented by the yeast and remain in the beer at the end of fermentation.
Dextrin some beers, notably “low-calorie” or “lite” beers, the residual nonfermentable dextrins in the wort are reduced to lower levels through the addition of extraneous enzymes or prolonged mash periods.
At high levels residual dextrins can impact the “body” or “mouthfeel” in beers, although they have no flavor of their own.
Brewers wishing higher dextrin content in their beers can achieve this through the use of higher mash saccharification temperatures or using dextrin-rich types of caramel or crystal malts as a proportion of the grist.
Dextrin Sepharose High Performance is a robust and stable affinity resin for purification of proteins tagged with maltose binding protein (MBP).

Fast, one-step purification of MBP-tagged proteins.
High-resolution purification and elution in narrow peaks, minimizing the need for further concentration steps.
Can be used for repeated purification: can be easily regenerated using 0.5 M NaOH.
Physiological conditions and mild elution preserve target protein activity.

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrins are mixtures of linear α-(1,4)-linked D-glucose polymers.
They have the same general formula as carbohydrates but are of shorter chain length.
Industrial production is generally performed by acidic hydrolysis of potato starch.
Dextrins are water soluble, white to slightly yellow solids which are optically active.
Analytically, dextrins can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration.

The cyclical dextrins are known as cyclodextrins.
They are formed by enzymatic degradation of starch by certain bacteria, for example Bacillus macerans.
Cyclodextrins have toroidal structures formed by 6-8 glucose residues.

Synonyms
Dextrin
9004-53-9
Dextrins
Fortodex
Dextrid
Corn dextrin
Dextrina Bianca
British gum
Crystal gum
Dextrin 3
Caloreen
Dextrine
Nutriose
Starch gum
Eclipse G
Farinex MJ
Fibersol 2
Electrocol 70
Aquaflake 31
Amycol 1
Arabix 6
Arabix 7
Cream Dextrin 15
Dextrin 10
Dextrin 12
Dextrin 20
Farinex CO 2
Avedex 35
Crystal Tex 627
Dextrin 101
Fungal amylase starch
Avedex W 15
Avedex W 90
Dextrin 1104
Dextrin 1719
Avedex 58MD14C
Amaizo 1752S
Avedex 58MD14
Caswell No. 279I
Emdex 30An45
Amaizo 1706
Deprexil
C 23 (polysaccaride)
Canary S 8032
Fibersol-2
Dextrin (corn)
Indigestible dextrin
CCRIS 6614
D 3100 (gum)
EDW 90
CPC 8071
EINECS 232-675-4
D 400E

Regulatory process names
Dextrin
Dextrin
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
2-(trimethylazaniumyl)acetate
Dextrin
dextrin

Other identifiers
100041-56-3
133925-38-9
152232-07-0
185829-47-4
199015-70-8
2186634-06-8
256933-14-9
37265-05-7
37265-06-8
650604-25-4
753470-74-5
9004-53-9
9072-45-1

Dextrin
9004-53-9
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Dextrid
Dextrins
Fortodex
British gum
Corn dextrin
Crystal gum
Dextrina Bianca
Dextrin 3
Caloreen
Dextrine
Nutriose
CORN DEXTRIN Powder
SCHEMBL1091972
AKOS037517263
Maltodextrin, dextrose equivalent 16-20
K648
D4657
E80458
A843422
Q177570
D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-D-glucopyranose
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
all-E)-9-(4-Methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoicacidethylester
DEXTRIN MYRISTATE
DEXTRIN PALMITATE N° CAS : 83271-10-7 Nom INCI : DEXTRIN PALMITATE Nom chimique : Dextrin, Hexadecanoate Ses fonctions (INCI) Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
DEXTRIN PALMITATE
Dextrin; Pinedex; caloreen; dextrins; Starch gum; Dextrin, AR;Corndextrin; WHITEDEXTRIN; Dextrin,tech.; DextrineWhite; Dextrin, AR;yellow dextrin / α-D-Glucopyranose;dextrin from corn;dextrin from potato starch;DEXTRIN,WHITEPOWDER;DEXTRIN,YELLOWPOWDER;caloreen;TAPIOCADEXTRINS CAS NO:9004-53-9
DEXTRINE
dextrine; DEXTRIN; a-Glucose; N° CAS : 9004-53-9, Nom INCI : DEXTRIN, Nom chimique : Dextrin,N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-675-4, Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Agent de foisonnement : Réduit la densité apparente des cosmétiques. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiquesLes dextrines sont des glucides amorphes de formule brute approximative (C6H10O5)n. Elles sont obtenues par chauffage de l'amidon vers 160°C ou par son hydrolyse acide vers 100°C. Des dextrines se forment dans la croûte du pain lors de la cuisson, ce qui lui confère sa couleur et son parfum. On les trouve sous forme de poudre blanche, jaune ou brune. Elles sont plus ou moins solubles dans l'eau et donnent les solutions incolores et dextrogyres.Les dextrines sont des mélanges de gluco-oligosides ou oligosides de glucose en chaînes linéaires dont les unités de glucose sont liées par des liaisons osidiques du type α-(1,4). Ces chaînes sont reliées entre elles par des liaisons osidiques α-(1,6). Les amylopectines ramifiées et le glycogène contiennent eux-mêmes des liaisons osidiques α-(1,6) que les α-amylases ne peuvent pas hydrolyser : par conséquent leur digestion produit un mélange de dextrines.Les dextrines jaunes sont utilisées dans des colles à l'eau (enveloppes), dans des additifs pour le moulage en sable, des liants pour la gouache et dans l'impression des tissus.Les dextrines blanches sont utilisées dans les excipients des médicaments, les papiers couchés, les liants dans les feux d'artifice. Étant peu digestibles elles constituent des fibres alimentaires solubles. Noms français : Dextrine Noms anglais : BRITISH GUM CORN DEXTRIN CORN DEXTRINE DEXTRANS Dextrin DEXTRINS GOMMELIN STARCH GUM STARCH, DEXTRINIZED STARCH, THIN-BOILING Utilisation: Fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques, agent épaississant. α-D-Glucopyranose 207-757-8 [EINECS] 232-675-4 [EINECS] a-Dextrose a-D-glucopyranose a-D-Glucose a-Glucose D-(+) Glucose D-(+)-Glucose Dextrose [USP] D-Glucopyranose [ACD/Index Name] D-Glucose [ACD/Index Name] Glucopyranose Glucose [JP15] α-dextrose α-D-Glucopyranose [ACD/Index Name] α-D-Glucopyranose [German] [ACD/Index Name] α-D-Glucopyranose [French] [ACD/Index Name] α-D-Glucose α-D-Glucose α-glucose &α;-D-glucopyranose &α;-D-glucose &α;-glucose (1,6-α-D-glucosyl)n (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-methyloltetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-methyloltetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol 1,3-α-D-Glucan 1,4-α-D-Glucan 1,6-α-D-Glucan Amylose Amylose chain BGC BOG Cartose Cerelose Corn sugar D-(+)-Glucose, anhydrous Dextrin [Wiki] Dextropur DextroseAnhydrate Dextrosol D-gluco-hexose D-Glucose-12C6, 16O6 D-gluose GLB glc Glucopyranose, α-D- Glucose Syrup Grape sugar ICODEXTRIN MAN suc α-​D-​Glucopyranose α-D(+)-Glucose α-D-Glc α-d-glucose α-glucose β-D-glucose
DEXTROSE
Dextrose Dextrose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Dextrose is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. Dextrose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight, where it is used to make cellulose in cell walls, which is the most abundant carbohydrate. In energy metabolism, Dextrose is the most important source of energy in all organisms. Dextrose for metabolism is stored as a polymer, in plants mainly as starch and amylopectin, and in animals as glycogen. Dextrose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. The naturally occurring form of Dextrose is d-Dextrose, while l-Dextrose is produced synthetically in comparatively small amounts and is of lesser importance. Dextrose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and is therefore an aldohexose. The Dextrose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) as well as ring (cyclic) form. Dextrose is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. In animals, Dextrose is released from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis. The name Dextrose derives through the French from the Greek γλυκός ('glukos'), which means "sweet", in reference to must, the sweet, first press of grapes in the making of wine. The suffix "-ose" is a chemical classifier, denoting a sugar. What is dextrose? Dextrose is the name of a simple sugar that is made from corn and is chemically identical to glucose, or blood sugar. Dextrose is often used in baking products as a sweetener, and can be commonly found in items such as processed foods and corn syrup. Dextrose also has medical purposes. It is dissolved in solutions that are given intravenously, which can be combined with other drugs, or used to increase a person’s blood sugar. Because dextrose is a “simple” sugar, the body can quickly use it for energy. Simple sugars can raise blood sugar levels very quickly, and they often lack nutritional value. Examples of other simple sugars include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Products that are typically made of simple sugars include refined sugar, white pasta, and honey. What are common dextrose preparations? Dextrose is used to make several intravenous (IV) preparations or mixtures, which are available only at a hospital or medical facility. Dextrose is also available as an oral gel or in oral tablet form over the counter from pharmacies. Each dextrose concentration has its own unique uses. Higher concentrations are typically used as “rescue” doses when someone has a very low blood sugar reading. How is dextrose used? Dextrose is used in various concentrations for different purposes. For example, a doctor may prescribe dextrose in an IV solution when someone is dehydrated and has low blood sugar. Dextrose IV solutions can also be combined with many drugs, for IV administration. Dextrose is a carbohydrate, which is one part of nutrition in a normal diet. Solutions containing dextrose provide calories and may be given intravenously in combination with amino acids and fats. This is called total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and is used to provide nutrition to those who cannot absorb or get carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats through their gut. High-concentration dextrose injections are only given by professionals. These injections are administered to people whose blood sugar may be very low and who cannot swallow dextrose tablets, foods, or drinks. If a person’s potassium levels are too high (hyperkalemia), sometimes doctors also give dextrose injections of 50 percent, followed by insulin intravenously. This may be done in the hospital setting. When the cells take in the extra glucose, they also take in potassium. This helps to lower a person’s blood potassium levels. The dextrose is given to prevent the person from being hypoglycemic. The insulin is treating the elevated potassium. People with diabetes or hypoglycemia (chronically low blood sugar) may carry dextrose gel or tablets in case their blood sugar gets too low. The gel or tablets dissolve in a person’s mouth and quickly boost blood sugar levels. If a person’s blood sugar is less than 70 mg/dL and they are having low blood sugar symptoms, they may need to take the dextrose tablets. Examples of low blood sugar symptoms include weakness, confusion, sweating, and too-fast heart rate. What precautions should I take when using dextrose? A medical provider should not give dextrose to people with certain kinds of medical conditions. This is because the dextrose could potentially cause too-high blood sugar or fluid shifts in the body that lead to swelling or fluid buildup in the lungs. Avoid dextrose if you have hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar if you have hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in the blood if you have peripheral edema, or swelling in the arms, feet, or legs if you have pulmonary edema, when fluids build up in the lungs If you are diabetic and your doctor prescribes dextrose oral gel or tablets for you, these should only be used when you have a low blood sugar reaction. Your doctor or diabetes educator should teach you how to spot the signs of low blood sugar and when to use the tablets. If you need to have the gel or tablets on hand, you should keep them with you at all times and you should keep some at home. Your doctor should also explain to other family members when to use the gel or tablets, in case others need to give them to you. If you have an allergy to corn, you could have an allergic reaction to dextrose. Talk to your doctor before using it. Monitoring your blood sugar while on dextrose Even if you don’t have certain conditions, it is important to continually check your blood sugar if they are receiving dextrose. This can ensure that the dextrose does not dangerously increase blood sugar. You can check your blood sugar with home tests. They involve testing blood from a finger prick on a blood strip. For those who are physically unable to test their blood at home, urine glucose tests are available, though they’re not as reliable. If you do find that you or someone else is having a negative reaction due to low blood sugar, the dextrose tablets should be taken immediately. According to the Joslin Diabetes Center, four glucose tablets are equal to 15 grams of carbs and can be taken in the case of low blood sugar levels (unless otherwise advised by your doctor). Chew the tablets thoroughly before swallowing. No water is needed. Your symptoms should improve within 20 minutes. If they don’t, consult your doctor. The dextrose gel often comes in single-serving tubes, which are poured directly into the mouth and swallowed. If you haven’t felt any positive changes after 10 minutes, repeat with another tube. If your blood sugar is still too low after an additional 10 minutes, contact your doctor. Dextrose in children Dextrose can be used in children similarly to how it is used in adults, as a medical intervention for hypoglycemia. In cases of severe pediatric hypoglycemia, children will often be given dextrose intravenously. Prompt and early treatment in children and infants with hypoglycemia is essential, as untreated hypoglycemia can result in neurological damage. If they’re able to take it, dextrose may be given to children orally. In the case of neonatal hypoglycemia, which can be caused by several disorders such as metabolism defects or hyperinsulinism, infants can have small amounts of dextrose gel added to their diet to help them maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Consult your doctor for how much dextrose to add to their diet. Infants that were born prematurely are at risk for hypoglycemia, and may be given dextrose via an IV. Dextrose powder and bodybuilding Dextrose is naturally calorie-dense and easy for the body to break down for energy. Because of this, dextrose powder is available and sometimes used as a nutritional supplement by bodybuilders who are looking to increase weight and muscle. While the boost in calories and easy to break down nature of dextrose can benefit bodybuilders or those looking to increase muscle mass, it’s important to note that dextrose lacks other essential nutrients that are needed to accomplish this goal. Those nutrients include protein and fat. Dextrose powder’s simple sugars also make it easier to break down, while complex sugars and carbohydrates may benefit bodybuilders more, as they are more successful at helping fat to burn. What are the side effects of dextrose? Dextrose should be carefully given to people who have diabetes, because they might not be able to process dextrose as quickly as would someone without the condition. Dextrose can increase the blood sugar too much, which is known as hyperglycemia. Symptoms include: fruity odor on the breath increasing thirst with no known causes dry skin dehydration nausea shortness of breath stomach upset unexplained fatigue urinating frequently vomiting confusion Effect on blood sugar If you need to use dextrose, your blood sugar could increase too much afterward. You should test your blood sugar after using dextrose tablets, as directed by your doctor or diabetes educator. You may need to adjust your insulin to lower your blood sugar. If you are given IV fluids with dextrose in the hospital, your nurse will check your blood sugar. If the blood sugar tests too high, the dose of your IV fluids may be adjusted or even stopped, until your blood sugar reaches a safer level. You could also be given insulin, to help reduce your blood sugar. Dextrose’s simple sugar composition makes it useful as a treatment for hypoglycemia and low blood sugar for patients of all ages, with some treatment options being convenient and portable. It is safe to use long-term on an as-needed basis. Dextrose does not come without risks, however, and even those without diabetes should carefully monitor their blood sugar when taking it. Always consult a doctor before stopping treatment for diabetes, or if you test your blood sugar and it is high. If you have glucose gel or tablets in your home, keep them away from children. Large amounts taken by small children could be especially dangerous. History of dextrose Dextrose was first isolated from raisins in 1747 by the German chemist Andreas Marggraf. Dextrose was discovered in grapes by Johann Tobias Lowitz in 1792, and distinguished as being different from cane sugar (sucrose). Dextrose is the term coined by Jean Baptiste Dumas in 1838, which has prevailed in the chemical literature. Friedrich August Kekulé proposed the term dextrose (from Latin dexter = right), because in aqueous solution of Dextrose, the plane of linearly polarized light is turned to the right. In contrast, d-fructose (a ketohexose) and l-Dextrose turn linearly polarized light to the left. The earlier notation according to the rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light (d and l-nomenclature) was later abandoned in favor of the d- and l-notation, which refers to the absolute configuration of the asymmetric center farthest from the carbonyl group, and in concordance with the configuration of d- or l-glyceraldehyde. Since Dextrose is a basic necessity of many organisms, a correct understanding of its chemical makeup and structure contributed greatly to a general advancement in organic chemistry. This understanding occurred largely as a result of the investigations of Emil Fischer, a German chemist who received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his findings. The synthesis of Dextrose established the structure of organic material and consequently formed the first definitive validation of Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff's theories of chemical kinetics and the arrangements of chemical bonds in carbon-bearing molecules. Between 1891 and 1894, Fischer established the stereochemical configuration of all the known sugars and correctly predicted the possible isomers, applying Van 't Hoff's theory of asymmetrical carbon atoms. The names initially referred to the natural substances. Their enantiomers were given the same name with the introduction of systematic nomenclatures, taking into account absolute stereochemistry (e.g. Fischer nomenclature, d/l nomenclature). For the discovery of the metabolism of Dextrose Otto Meyerhof received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1922. Hans von Euler-Chelpin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Arthur Harden in 1929 for their "research on the fermentation of sugar and their share of enzymes in this process". In 1947, Bernardo Houssay (for his discovery of the role of the pituitary gland in the metabolism of Dextrose and the derived carbohydrates) as well as Carl and Gerty Cori (for their discovery of the conversion of glycogen from Dextrose) received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In 1970, Luis Leloir was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of Dextrose-derived sugar nucleotides in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates. Chemical properties With six carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a subcategory of the monosaccharides. d-Dextrose is one of the sixteen aldohexose stereoisomers. The d-isomer, d-Dextrose, also known as dextrose, occurs widely in nature, but the l-isomer, l-Dextrose, does not. Dextrose can be obtained by hydrolysis of carbohydrates such as milk sugar (lactose), cane sugar (sucrose), maltose, cellulose, glycogen, etc. Dextrose is commonly commercially manufactured from cornstarch in the US and Japan, from potato and wheat starch in Europe, and from tapioca starch in tropical areas. The manufacturing process uses hydrolysis via pressurized steaming at controlled pH in a jet followed by further enzymatic depolymerization. Unbonded Dextrose is one of the main ingredients of honey. All forms of Dextrose are colorless and easily soluble in water, acetic acid, and several other solvents. They are only sparingly soluble in methanol and ethanol. Structure and nomenclature Dextrose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 or H−(C=O)−(CHOH)5−H, whose five hydroxyl (OH) groups are arranged in a specific way along its six-carbon back. Dextrose is usually present in solid form as a monohydrate with a closed pyran ring (dextrose hydrate). In aqueous solution, on the other hand, it is an open-chain to a small extent and is present predominantly as α- or β-pyranose, which partially mutually merge by mutarotation. From aqueous solutions, the three known forms can be crystallized: α-glucopyranose, β-glucopyranose and β-glucopyranose hydrate. Dextrose is a building block of the disaccharides lactose and sucrose (cane or beet sugar), of oligosaccharides such as raffinose and of polysaccharides such as starch and amylopectin, glycogen or cellulose. The glass transition temperature of Dextrose is 31 °C and the Gordon–Taylor constant (an experimentally determined constant for the prediction of the glass transition temperature for different mass fractions of a mixture of two substances) is 4.5. Open-chain form Dextrose can exist in both a straight-chain and ring form. In its fleeting open-chain form, the Dextrose molecule has an open (as opposed to cyclic) and unbranched backbone of six carbon atoms, C-1 through C-6; where C-1 is part of an aldehyde group H(C=O)−, and each of the other five carbons bears one hydroxyl group −OH. The remaining bonds of the backbone carbons are satisfied by hydrogen atoms −H. Therefore, Dextrose is both a hexose and an aldose, or an aldohexose. The aldehyde group makes Dextrose a reducing sugar giving a positive reaction with the Fehling test. Each of the four carbons C-2 through C-5 is a stereocenter, meaning that its four bonds connect to four different substituents. (Carbon C-2, for example, connects to −(C=O)H, −OH, −H, and −(CHOH)4H.) In d-Dextrose, these four parts must be in a specific three-dimensional arrangement. Namely, when the molecule is drawn in the Fischer projection, the hydroxyls on C-2, C-4, and C-5 must be on the right side, while that on C-3 must be on the left side. The positions of those four hydroxyls are exactly reversed in the Fischer diagram of l-Dextrose. d- and l-Dextrose are two of the 16 possible aldohexoses; the other 14 are allose, altrose, galactose, gulose, idose, mannose, and talose, each with two enantiomers, “d-” and “l-”. It is important to note that the linear form of Dextrose makes up less than 0.02% of the Dextrose molecules in a water solution. The rest is one of two cyclic forms of Dextrose that are formed when the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 (C5) bonds to the aldehyde carbon 1 (C1). Cyclic forms In solutions, the open-chain form of Dextrose (either "D-" or "L-") exists in equilibrium with several cyclic isomers, each containing a ring of carbons closed by one oxygen atom. In aqueous solution, however, more than 99% of Dextrose molecules, at any given time, exist as pyranose forms. The open-chain form is limited to about 0.25%, and furanose forms exist in negligible amounts. The terms "Dextrose" and "D-Dextrose" are generally used for these cyclic forms as well. The ring arises from the open-chain form by an intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction between the aldehyde group (at C-1) and either the C-4 or C-5 hydroxyl group, forming a hemiacetal linkage, −C(OH)H−O−. Optical activity Whether in water or the solid form, d-(+)-Dextrose is dextrorotatory, meaning it will rotate the direction of polarized light clockwise as seen looking toward the light source. The effect is due to the chirality of the molecules, and indeed the mirror-image isomer, l-(−)-Dextrose, is levorotatory (rotates polarized light counterclockwise) by the same amount. The strength of the effect is different for each of the five tautomers. Note that the d- prefix does not refer directly to the optical properties of the compound. It indicates that the C-5 chiral centre has the same handedness as that of d-glyceraldehyde (which was so labelled because it is dextrorotatory). The fact that d-Dextrose is dextrorotatory is a combined effect of its four chiral centres, not just of C-5; and indeed some of the other d-aldohexoses are levorotatory. The conversion between the two anomers can be observed in a polarimeter since pure α-dDextrose has a specific rotation angle of +112.2°·ml/(dm·g), pure β- D- Dextrose of +17.5°·ml/(dm·g). When equilibrium has been reached after a certain time due to mutarotation, the angle of rotation is +52.7°·ml/(dm·g). By adding acid or base, this transformation is much accelerated. The equilibration takes place via the open-chain aldehyde form. Biochemical properties Dextrose is the most abundant monosaccharide. Dextrose is also the most widely used aldohexose in most living organisms. One possible explanation for this is that Dextrose has a lower tendency than other aldohexoses to react nonspecifically with the amine groups of proteins. This reaction—glycation—impairs or destroys the function of many proteins, e.g. in glycated hemoglobin. Dextrose's low rate of glycation can be attributed to its having a more stable cyclic form compared to other aldohexoses, which means it spends less time than they do in its reactive open-chain form. The reason for Dextrose having the most stable cyclic form of all the aldohexoses is that its hydroxy groups (with the exception of the hydroxy group on the anomeric carbon of d-Dextrose) are in the equatorial position. Presumably, Dextrose is the most abundant natural monosaccharide because it is less glycated with proteins than other monosaccharides. Another hypothesis is that Dextrose, being the only D-aldohexose that has all five hydroxy substituents in the equatorial position in the form of β-D-Dextrose, is more readily accessible to chemical reactions, for example, for esterification or acetal formation. For this reason, D-Dextrose is also a highly preferred building block in natural polysaccharides (glycans). Polysaccharides that are composed solely of Dextrose are termed glucans. Dextrose is produced by plants through the photosynthesis using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide and can be used by all living organisms as an energy and carbon source. However, most Dextrose does not occur in its free form, but in the form of its polymers, i.e. lactose, sucrose, starch and others which are energy reserve substances, and cellulose and chitin, which are components of the cell wall in plants or fungi and arthropods, respectively. These polymers are degraded to Dextrose during food intake by animals, fungi and bacteria using enzymes. All animals are also able to produce Dextrose themselves from certain precursors as the need arises. Nerve cells, cells of the renal medulla and erythrocytes depend on Dextrose for their energy production. In adult humans, there are about 18 g of Dextrose, of which about 4 g are present in the blood. Approximately 180 to 220 g of Dextrose are produced in the liver of an adult in 24 hours. Many of the long-term complications of diabetes (e.g., blindness, kidney failure, and peripheral neuropathy) are probably due to the glycation of proteins or lipids. In contrast, enzyme-regulated addition of sugars to protein is called glycosylation and is essential for the function of many proteins. Uptake Ingested Dextrose initially binds to the receptor for sweet taste on the tongue in humans. This complex of the proteins T1R2 and T1R3 makes it possible to identify Dextrose-containing food sources. Dextrose mainly comes from food - about 300 g per day are produced by conversion of food, but it is also synthesized from other metabolites in the body's cells. In humans, the breakdown of Dextrose-containing polysaccharides happens in part already during chewing by means of amylase, which is contained in saliva, as well as by maltase, lactase and sucrase on the brush border of the small intestine. Dextrose is a building block of many carbohydrates and can be split off from them using certain enzymes. Glucosidases, a subgroup of the glycosidases, first catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain Dextrose-containing polysaccharides, removing terminal Dextrose. In turn, disaccharides are mostly degraded by specific glycosidases to Dextrose. The names of the degrading enzymes are often derived from the particular poly- and disaccharide; inter alia, for the degradation of polysaccharide chains there are amylases (named after amylose, a component of starch), cellulases (named after cellulose), chitinases (named after chitin) and more. Furthermore, for the cleavage of disaccharides, there are maltase, lactase, sucrase, trehalase and others. In humans, about 70 genes are known that code for glycosidases. They have functions in the digestion and degradation of glycogen, sphingolipids, mucopolysaccharides and poly(ADP-ribose). Humans do not produce cellulases, chitinases and trehalases, but the bacteria in the gut flora do. In order to get into or out of cell membranes of cells and membranes of cell compartments, Dextrose requires special transport proteins from the major facilitator superfamily. In the small intestine (more precisely, in the jejunum), Dextrose is taken up into the intestinal epithelial cells with the help of Dextrose transporters via a secondary active transport mechanism called sodium ion-Dextrose symport via the sodium/Dextrose cotransporter 1. The further transfer occurs on the basolateral side of the intestinal epithelial cells via the Dextrose transporter GLUT2, as well as their uptake into liver cells, kidney cells, cells of the islets of Langerhans, nerve cells, astrocytes and tanyocytes. Dextrose enters the liver via the vena portae and is stored there as a cellular glycogen. In the liver cell, it is phosphorylated by glucokinase at position 6 to Dextrose-6-phosphate, which can not leave the cell. With the help of Dextrose-6-phosphatase, Dextrose-6-phosphate is converted back into Dextrose exclusively in the liver, if necessary, so that it is available for maintaining a sufficient blood Dextrose concentration. In other cells, uptake happens by passive transport through one of the 14 GLUT proteins. In the other cell types, phosphorylation occurs through a hexokinase, whereupon Dextrose can no longer diffuse out of the cell. The Dextrose transporter GLUT1 is produced by most cell types and is of particular importance for nerve cells and pancreatic β-cells. GLUT3 is highly expressed in nerve cells. Dextrose from the bloodstream is taken up by GLUT4 from muscle cells (of the skeletal muscle and heart muscle) and fat cells. GLUT14 is formed exclusively in testes. Excess Dextrose is broken down and converted into fatty acids, which are stored as triacylglycerides. In the kidneys, Dextrose in the urine is absorbed via SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the apical cell membranes and transmitted via GLUT2 in the basolateral cell membranes. About 90% of kidney Dextrose reabsorption is via SGLT2 and about 3% via SGLT1. Biosynthesis In plants and some prokaryotes, Dextrose is a product of photosynthesis Dextrose is also formed by the breakdown of polymeric forms of Dextrose like glycogen (in animals and mushrooms) or starch (in plants). The cleavage of glycogen is termed glycogenolysis, the cleavage of starch is called starch degradation. The metabolic pathway that begins with molecules containing two to four carbon atoms (C) and ends in the Dextrose molecule containing six carbon atoms is called gluconeogenesis and occurs in all living organisms. The smaller starting materials are the result of other metabolic pathways. Ultimately almost all biomolecules come from the assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants during photosynthesis. The free energy of formation of α-d-Dextrose is 917.2 kilojoules per mole. In humans, gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidney, but also in other cell types. In the liver about 150 g of glycogen are stored, in skeletal muscle about 250 g. However, the Dextrose released in muscle cells upon cleavage of the glycogen can not be delivered to the circulation because Dextrose is phosphorylated by the hexokinase, and a Dextrose-6-phosphatase is not expressed to remove the phosphate group. Unlike for Dextrose, there is no transport protein for Dextrose-6-phosphate. Gluconeogenesis allows the organism to build up Dextrose from other metabolites, including lactate or certain amino acids, while consuming energy. The renal tubular cells can also produce Dextrose. Dextrose degradation In humans, Dextrose is metabolised by glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Glycolysis is used by all living organisms, with small variations, and all organisms generate energy from the breakdown of monosaccharides. In the further course of the metabolism, it can be completely degraded via oxidative decarboxylation, the Krebs cycle (synonym citric acid cycle) and the respiratory chain to water and carbon dioxide. If there is not enough oxygen available for this, the Dextrose degradation in animals occurs anaerobic to lactate via lactic acid fermentation and releases less energy. Muscular lactate enters the liver through the bloodstream in mammals, where gluconeogenesis occurs (Cori cycle). With a high supply of Dextrose, the metabolite acetyl-CoA from the Krebs cycle can also be used for fatty acid synthesis. Dextrose is also used to replenish the body's glycogen stores, which are mainly found in liver and skeletal muscle. These processes are hormonally regulated. In other living organisms, other forms of fermentation can occur. The bacterium Escherichia coli can grow on nutrient media containing Dextrose as the sole carbon source. In some bacteria and, in modified form, also in archaea, Dextrose is degraded via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Use of Dextrose as an energy source in cells is by either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. The first step of glycolysis is the phosphorylation of Dextrose by a hexokinase to form Dextrose 6-phosphate. The main reason for the immediate phosphorylation of Dextrose is to prevent its diffusion out of the cell as the charged phosphate group prevents Dextrose 6-phosphate from easily crossing the cell membrane. Furthermore, addition of the high-energy phosphate group activates Dextrose for subsequent breakdown in later steps of glycolysis. At physiological conditions, this initial reaction is irreversible. In anaerobic respiration, one Dextrose molecule produces a net gain of two ATP molecules (four ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis through substrate-level phosphorylation, but two are required by enzymes used during the process). In aerobic respiration, a molecule of Dextrose is much more profitable in that a maximum net production of 30 or 32 ATP molecules (depending on the organism) through oxidative phosphorylation is generated. Energy source Dextrose is a ubiquitous fuel in biology. It is used as an energy source in organisms, from bacteria to humans, through either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration (in bacteria), or fermentation. Dextrose is the human body's key source of energy, through aerobic respiration, providing about 3.75 kilocalories (16 kilojoules) of food energy per gram. Breakdown of carbohydrates (e.g., starch) yields mono- and disaccharides, most of which is Dextrose. Through glycolysis and later in the reactions of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, Dextrose is oxidized to eventually form carbon dioxide and water, yielding energy mostly in the form of ATP. The insulin reaction, and other mechanisms, regulate the concentration of Dextrose in the blood. The physiological caloric value of Dextrose, depending on the source, is 16.2 kilojoules per gram and 15.7 kJ/g (3.74 kcal/g), respectively. The high availability of carbohydrates from plant biomass has led to a variety of methods during evolution, especially in microorganisms, to utilize the energy and carbon storage Dextrose. Differences exist in which end product can no longer be used for energy production. The presence of individual genes, and their gene products, the enzymes, determine which reactions are possible. The metabolic pathway of glycolysis is used by almost all living beings. An essential difference in the use of glycolysis is the recovery of NADPH as a reductant for anabolism that would otherwise have to be generated indirectly. Dextrose and oxygen supply almost all the energy for the brain, so its availability influences psychological processes. When Dextrose is low, psychological processes requiring mental effort (e.g., self-control, effortful decision-making) are impaired. In the brain, which is dependent on Dextrose and oxygen as the major source of energy, the Dextrose concentration is usually 4 to 6 mM (5 mM equals 90 mg/dL), but decreases to 2 to 3 mM when fasting. Confusion occurs below 1 mM and coma at lower levels. The Dextrose in the blood is called blood sugar. Blood sugar levels are regulated by Dextrose-binding nerve cells in the hypothalamus. In addition, Dextrose in the brain binds to Dextrose receptors of the reward system in the nucleus accumbens. The binding of Dextrose to the sweet receptor on the tongue induces a release of various hormones of energy metabolism, either through Dextrose or through other sugars, leading to an increased cellular uptake and lower blood sugar levels. Artificial sweeteners do not lower blood sugar levels.
DEXTROSE
Dextrose is a kind of simple sugar that is derived from starch and has the chemical formula C6H12O6.
Dextrose, also known as D-Glucose, is a simple carbohydrate sugar.


CAS Number: 50-99-7
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C6H12O6



D-(+)-Glucose, Dextrose, D50W, DGlucose, glucose, Dextrose MH Food Grade Fine GR, Dextrose MH Food Grade Fine GR, Clintose Dextrose MH, Clintose Dextrose A Polydextrose (Improved), T/N Upalex D12, T/N: CERELOSE Dextrose 020010-102 “OU”, T/N: Staleydex 333



Dextrose is what’s known as a simple sugar.
Chemically speaking Dextrose only has one molecule (what’s known as a monosaccharide) – meaning it’s incredibly easy for the body to break down.
Dextrose is a starch-based sugar and is made from refined corn, rice, or wheat.


Dextrose is added to many foods, especially processed foods, to improve their taste.
Dextrose is an essential ingredient of intravenous nutrition and dialysis solutions.
In addition to its caloric value, Dextrose allows the control of osmotic pressure of the liquid.


Dextrose is a simple sugar which is chemically the same as glucose.
Dextrose causes a rise in blood sugar, which can either be helpful or harmful to health depending on the application and circumstances.
Dextrose is a kind of simple sugar that is derived from starch and has the chemical formula C6H14O7.


Starch is a complex carbohydrate that occurs naturally in various plants, including maize, wheat, rice, and potato.
Corn starch is the most frequent source of Dextrose.
Dextrose is another name for glucose or Glucon- D.


Dextrose is a great energy source, which keeps all the cells and organs of the body functioning properly.
Dextrose, also known as D-Glucose, is a simple carbohydrate sugar.
Dextrose is a monosaccharide, used by nearly every living organism as a source of energy.


Dextrose is made from refined starch – which comes from plants like corn or wheat.
Dextrose also occurs naturally in some foods such as honey.
The Dextrose which is found in so many processed foods and beverages has been refined using an industrial process into a fine white crystalline Dextrose powder before being added in unnatural amounts to our foods to enhance their flavour and palatability.


This is why, for example, a strawberry-flavoured yogurt is many times sweeter than a real strawberry.
In this respect, Dextrose adds an artificial level of sweetness to things we eat, so it’s unnatural to eat so much dextrose in our diets, although dextrose is not unnatural itself.


The fine texture of Dextrose make it ideal for a wide range of applications.
As a simple sugar, Dextrose is well-tolerated by most individuals.
From an athletic performance perspective, when a rapid and constant supply of carbohydrates and calories are needed, Dextrose is the go to carbohydrate source.


Dextrose is a versatile ingredient that is commonly added to pre, intra and post-workout drinks.
Dextrose is commonly mixed with Protein, Creatine and Pre Workout amino acid blends amongst many other applications.
Dextrose replenishes muscle glycogen levels rapidly & therefore is a great choice of carbohydrate source pre, post and intra workout.


If ever a sweetener could be considered ubiquitous, it would be Dextrose, often referred to as “grape sugar” or blood sugar”.
Dextrose is a natural sugar occuring widely in nature – in honey and many fruits for example.
As a constituent of cellulose, starch and glycogen, Dextrose is found in all plants and animals.


Just like sugar, Dextrose consists of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
However, no further comparison is possible, since several features differentiate Dextrose from sugar.
A number of important differences are, in large part, due to their different molecular weights.


Dextrose is a synonym of D-glucose and refers to the pure, crystalline monosaccharide obtained after a total hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrose exists in 2 forms, dextrose monohydrate which contains one molecule crystal water in contrast to anhydrous dextrose, which contains none.
Both forms are available as a white crystalline powder of high purity.


Dextrose is a plant-based ingredient used in food, obtained from cereals (mainly maize and wheat).
Dextrose is a simple sugar, belonging to the Carbohydrates family.
Dextrose has a caloric value of 4 kcal/g (similar to all other carbohydrates).


Dextrose is produced from starch, through a process that uses water to break down complex carbohydrates into smaller molecules.
In essence, enzymes are added to break down the starch molecules – long chains of bound glucose molecules – into individual glucose/Dextrosemolecules.
The reaction is similar to the digestion mechanism in the human body when one eats food containing starch (e.g. in pasta or potatoes).


Simple sugars can raise blood sugar levels very quickly, and they often lack nutritional value.
Examples of other simple sugars include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Products that are typically made of simple sugars include refined sugar, white pasta, and honey.


Dextrose is also available as an oral gel or in oral tablet form over the counter from pharmacies.
Dextrose is a carbohydrate.
Solutions containing Dextrose provide calories and may be given intravenously in combination with amino acids and fats.


Dextrose is a type of simple sugar made from corn.
Dextrose is similar to fructose and chemically identical to glucose, which is blood sugar.
Simple sugars, including Dextrose, fructose, and glucose, appear in foods such as table sugar, honey, and bread.


Dextrose often appears in foods as an artificial sweetener and ingredients such as fructose corn syrup.
Many bodybuilders add Dextrose tablets or powder to water and drink it following a workout to replenish those glycogen stores as quickly as possible to help with muscle repair.


Intravenous sugar solution, also known as Dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water.
Dextrose solutions for medical use became available in the 1920s and 1930s.
Dextrose is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.


Dextrose is a simple sugar made from starch.
Starch is a naturally occurring complex carbohydrate found in many plants, including corn, wheat, rice, and potato.
The most common source of Dextrose is corn starch.


Dextrose is a simple sugar made from corn or wheat that’s chemically identical to glucose, or blood sugar.
Dextrose’s often used as a sweetener in baking products and is found in processed foods and corn syrup.
Dextrose is a type of sugar that usually comes from corn or wheat.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEXTROSE:
Dextrose is almost identical to glucose, which is the sugar found in the bloodstream.
For that reason, Dextrose can be quickly used as a source of energy by the human body.
Dextrose is often used in foods as an artificial sweetener or a preservative.


Dextrose is used Alcoholic beverages, Beverages, Bakery, Confectionery, Convenience food, Dairy and ice-cream, and Food ingredients.
Dextrose, when used as a medication, is given either by mouth (orally) or by injection.
Dextrose is also known as D-glucose.


Dextrose is used to treat very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), most often in people with diabetes mellitus.
Dextrose is given by injection to treat insulin shock (low blood sugar caused by using insulin and then not eating a meal or eating enough food afterward).
Dextrose works by quickly increasing the amount of glucose in your blood.


Glucose is found in foods rich in carbohydrates, such as bread, cereal, potatoes, fruit, pasta, and rice.
Glucose is a source of energy, and all the cells and organs in your body need glucose to function properly.
Dextrose is also used to provide carbohydrate calories to a person who cannot eat because of illness, trauma, or other medical condition.


Dextrose is sometimes given to people who are sick from drinking too much alcohol.
Dextrose may also be used to treat hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium in your blood).
Other uses of Dextrose: Dextrose has a variety of other applications and uses and is an ingredient in many everyday products, including:
bath products, makeup, skin care products, hair care products, and animal feed.


Some bodybuilders use Dextrose as a post-workout supplement to replenish glycogen stores.
Glycogen is a form of glucose that the body stores for energy.
When someone does an intense workout, the body uses up some of Dextrose's stored glycogen.
Dextrose injection is a sterile solution used to provide your body with extra water and carbohydrates (calories from sugar).


Dextrose is used in many different medical conditions.
Pediatric uses of Dextrose: Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of
Dextrose injection in children.


Dextrose is used when a patient is not able to drink enough liquids or when additional fluids are needed.
To improve the flavour of food and drink
You’ll see Dextrose on the ingredients list of many different processed foods.


Being intensely sweet in flavour, Dextrose gives a pleasant taste and palatability to plain foods and cheaper ingredients.
This helps explain the rise of Dextrose in commercial food production.
It is also added to many savoury foods to help disguise high salt content, as the sweetness of the Dextrose balances out a salty flavour.


Dextrose is also used by athletes for instant energy, and in healthcare settings to raise blood sugar and provide emergency hydration and energy.
Dextrose is widely used as an additive to improve the taste and palatability of a wide range of foods and beverages.
Dextrose’s also used by athletes to restore glycogen stores quickly after exercise.


Dextrose is also used in emergency health care to raise blood sugar and provide energy.
The human body can quickly use Dextrose as a source of energy to face peak energy needs, as it is amongst the fastest-acting sources of energy.
Food manufacturers use Dextrose as a liquid or in powder form after it is dried or crystallized.


Dextrose is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss.
Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever, hyperthyroidism, high blood calcium, or diabetes insipidus.
Dextrose is also used in the treatment of high blood potassium, diabetic ketoacidosis, and as part of parenteral nutrition.


Dextrose is given by injection into a vein.
High-concentration Dextrose injections are only given by professionals.
These injections are administered to people whose blood sugar may be very low and who cannot swallow Dextrose tablets, foods, or drinks.


If your potassium levels are too high (hyperkalemia), sometimes doctors also give Dextrose injections of 50 percent, followed by insulin intravenously.
This may be done in the hospital setting.
When cells take in extra glucose, they also take in potassium.


This helps to lower a person’s blood potassium levels.
The Dextrose is given to prevent hypoglycemia, while the insulin is treating the elevated potassium.
Dextrose also has medical purposes.


Dextrose is dissolved in solutions that are given intravenously, which can be combined with other drugs, or used to increase a person’s blood sugar.
Because Dextrose is a “simple” sugar, the body can quickly use it for energy.


Dextrose is used to make several intravenous (IV) preparations or mixtures, which are available only at a hospital or medical facility.
Each Dextrose concentration has its own unique uses.
Higher concentrations are typically used as “rescue” doses when someone has a very low blood sugar reading.


-Dextrose in Medicine:
‌Dextrose is sometimes prescribed by doctors alone or combined with other drugs.
Dextrose is usually administered either intravenously (through a vein) or orally.
Doctors use Dextrose to treat low blood sugar and dehydration.‌


-Uses of Dextrose in medicine
Dextrose is used for a variety of reasons, including :
*to quickly treat low blood sugar
*to treat dehydration
*to provide nutrition in combination with amino acids and other substances


-Uses of Dextrose in food:
Dextrose is a sugar that comes from corn and sometimes other plants. Its primary use in food is as a sweetener, especially in baked goods. Because of its wide availability, packaged food also commonly contains Dextrose.
Aside from sweetening food, Dextrose may also help neutralize food that is otherwise very spicy or salty.
Also, some companies add Dextrose to certain products to extend their shelf life.


-Geriatric uses of Dextrose:
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of Dextrose injection in the elderly.
However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving Dextrose injection.


-As a preservative:
Cultured Dextrose is a type of preservative which inhibits the growth of mould and yeast in food products, extending their shelf life.
Cultured Dextrose was formerly known as preservative 280 (propionic acid) and is a by-product of sugar or milk fermentation alongside probiotic bacteria.


-In healthcare settings:
As it’s so readily absorbed by the body, Dextrose is able to provide rapid energy to patients without them needing to eat or drink.
This is useful in intensive care settings, where Dextrose’s often used intravenously (IV) as part of partial or total parenteral nutrition.

Dextrose is also used in gels, tablets or injections to raise blood sugar in cases – such as with people with diabetes – where it has dropped dangerously low.
Many people with diabetes or hypoglycaemia (very low blood sugar) carry Dextrose tablets to take by mouth to combat low blood sugar.


-To help refuel after exercise:
Dextrose is used in sports drinks, Dextrose tablets and hydration and energy gels.
Dextrose is energy-dense, and thanks to its ability to enter the bloodstream quickly, it can help replenish glycogen stores.
Dextrose is especially important for endurance and long-distance athletes such as cyclists, marathon runners or triathletes.



MEDICAL USES OF DEXTROSE:
Administering a 5% sugar solution peri- and postoperatively usually achieves a good balance between starvation reactions and hyperglycemia caused by sympathetic activation.
A 10% solution may be more appropriate when the stress response from the reaction has decreased, after approximately one day after surgery.

After more than approximately two days, a more complete regimen of total parenteral nutrition is indicated.
In patients with hypernatremia and euvolemia, free water can be replaced using either 5% D/W or 0.45% saline.
In patients with fatty-acid metabolism disorder (FOD), 10% solution may be appropriate upon arrival to the emergency room.



WHAT ARE THE USES OF DEXTROSE?
Dextrose helps provide carbohydrate calories to those unable to eat due to sickness, trauma, or other medical issues.
These are sometimes given to alcoholics who are ill.

Dextrose is used to treat dehydration, hyperkalaemia (increase concentration of potassium in the blood) and hypoglycaemia (decrease blood sugar level).
Dextrose is cheap and readily accessible, making it an excellent choice for hypoglycemic.
Using Dextrose requires careful monitoring of blood sugar levels to prevent high blood sugar symptoms.



WHAT IS DEXTROSE USED FOR IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY?
Besides acting as a sweetener, Dextrose works as a a preservative, extending the shelf life of products and acting as an anti-caking agent.
Dextrose is used in a wide variety of products, including confectionery, baking, beverage and pharmaceutical.

The type of Dextrose used depends on the qualities desired in the end product.
For example, Dextrose anhydrous may be used in baked goods in order to retain their moist texture while Dextrose monohydrate contributes to the crust colour and texture of some baked goods.



WHY DO FOOD MANUFACTURERS USE DEXTROSE INSTEAD OF SUGAR?
Dextrose can function as a preservative and anti-caking agent, contributing to better mouthfeel in desserts as well as its organoleptic features i.e., the aspects of food that determine how you perceive it, that lend to improved colour, texture and taste

Dextrose has a lower sweetness level than refined sugar that creates a milder taste which desired by some manufacturers
Dextrose dilutes to a clear, low turbidity (cloudiness) solution allowing for greater use in a wide range of products
Dextrose is cost competitive.



WHAT IS DEXTROSE USED FOR?
As a simple sugar, Dextrose is used in a number ways.
Dextrose’s used in baking products as a sweetener and even added to medicinal solutions to improve low blood sugar levels.



HOW IS DEXTROSE USED?
Dextrose is used in various concentrations for different purposes.
For example, a doctor may prescribe Dextrose in an IV solution when someone is dehydrated and has low blood sugar.
Dextrose IV solutions can also be combined with many drugs, for IV administration.



DEXTROSE MEDICINE:
This simple sugar, Dextrose, is used medicinally in intravenous solutions, in oral forms or in combination with other drugs to raise a person’s blood sugar levels when they become too low.
Dextrose is also available in tablet or gel forms that are taken by mouth and found over-the-counter.

People who have hypoglycemia and deal with chronic low blood sugar may keep Dextrose tablets or gels on them in case their levels become too low.
When you have very low blood sugar levels, below 70 mg/dL, you may experience signs such as fatigue, sweating, hunger, light-headedness, rapid heart rate and shakiness.

For people who are unable to absorb essential nutrients, solutions containing Dextrose, amino acids and fats may be given intravenously.
This combination of macronutrients is called total parenteral nutrition. Dextrose allows patients to receive the nutrients that they need for survival.
Dextrose is also used to treat dehydration, and it’s sometimes combined with saline in a drip solution.



FOOD USES OF DEXTROSE:
Dextrose is found in corn syrup, which is used to make processed and sweetened foods, including candies, baked goods, pastas, refined cereals and starchy foods.
Just like glucose, fructose and galactose, Dextrose’s a simple sugar and used in many food products — many of which aren’t so good for your health.



OTHER USES OF DEXTROSE:
Some athletes or bodybuilders use Dextrose as a nutritional supplement because it’s high in calories but easy to break down for energy.
Those looking to gain weight and increase muscle may find Dextrose tablets or gels helpful.

Looking at Dextrose vs. maltodextrin, both sugars supply the body with energy and can be broken down quickly.
You may find that Dextrose is less expensive and has a sweeter taste.
There are some dangers to consuming maltodextrin, so using natural sweeteners, like stevia, is a better option.



WHERE AND WHY IS DEXTROSE USED?
Dextrose has a high glycaemic index, which means it quickly increases the blood sugar levels.
Dextrose is therefore an excellent source of energy.
In food, Dextrose is mainly used for its energetic content and low sweetening properties – Dextrose has a lower sweetening power than sucrose.

Dextrose is for example often found in baking products and desserts.
Dextrose is also used as a natural preservative to extend the shelf life of the product to which it is added, like in fruit jams.
Moreover, Dextrose is commonly used in the medical sector, in numerous intravenous preparations.

Dextrose is also used as an oral gel or tablet available over the counter in pharmacies.
People suffering from diabetes can use Dextrose tablets or gels to raise their blood sugar levels quickly.
Whenever used in food, Dextrose is labelled as such on the product’s packaging.



DEXTROSE: BEYOND BAKED GOODS
Dextrose isn’t just a staple in the bakery aisle of your local market.
Dextrose can also be found in hospitals, where it’s used to treat several conditions, including:
*dangerously low blood sugar
*dehydration
*lack of nutrition (essentially, a solution containing dextrose, amino acids, and fats — called a TPN — is given to help people get nutrients when they can’t get ’em through foods)
*Since it’s “simple” sugar, the body can quickly tap into it for energy — sort of the way a kid taps into their Halloween stash and then spins like the Tasmanian Devil for 24 hours.



FUNCTIONAL BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE:
*Reducing sugar
*Maillard reaction
*Crystal form
*Sweetness control
*Heat of solution
*Solubility
*Freezing point
*Osmotic pressure
*Fermentability
*Flavour
*Stability
*Bulking agent



NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE:
*Energy management
*Mental performance and well-being



IS DEXTROSE BAD FOR YOUR HEALTH?
When used by an athlete after strenuous exercise, or by a medical professional in a clinical setting, Dextrose can be highly beneficial – even life-saving.
Dextrose helps stabilise very low blood sugar and can provide vital energy in an instant.



IS DEXTROSE BETTER THAN SUGAR?
Dextrose has the same number of calories as table sugar – 4 calories per gram.
Remember, Dextrose is chemically the same as glucose, or blood sugar, so it’s not considered any healthier or better for you.



WHAT DOES DEXTROSE DO IN THE BODY?
Dextrose behaves the same way as pure glucose in the body.
All foods are converted to glucose by the body, some at a more rapid rate than others.

Dextrose is converted rapidly into glucose (blood sugar) and has a high glycaemic index (GI) – the scale which measures how quickly a food or drink raises the levels of sugar in the blood.
This is because Dextrose only has one molecule, so there’s no chain for the body to break down.

Longer chain molecules, such as proteins, take longer to be broken down by the body and as a result, don’t cause the blood sugar to spike in the way that single molecules like Dextrose do.
Like all simple sugars, Dextrose has a sweet taste which our brains consider ‘rewarding’.
This makes us seek out its pleasant taste and eat more than we otherwise might – a phenomenon which has been compared to addiction.



IS DEXTROSE GOOD OR BAD FOR YOU?
The body breaks down simple sugars very quickly to use them for energy.
If someone consumes too much simple sugar, the body will store any extra as fat.

While the body does need some simple sugars for energy, consuming too much can lead to increased risk of the following:
*weight gain
*heart disease
*diabetes
*acne and other skin problems
*low energy
*depression
Even so, there are times when using Dextrose benefits an individual more than it harms.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLUCOSE & DEXTROSE?
There are 3 main forms of sugar we typically consume – glucose, fructose and sucrose.
Sugars are an important source of energy for the human body as well as an essential additive in many food preparation processes.

Glucose and Dextrose are basically the same thing.
The names “Glucose” and “Dextrose” are often used interchangeably.
Formally known as Dextrose Monohydrate or D-Glucose, Dextrose is the most common type of glucose.



DEXTROSE VS GLUCOSE:
What’s the difference between Dextrose and glucose?
There isn’t a real difference between the two sugars, which is why the terms are often used interchangeably.
As previously mentioned, Dextrose and glucose are chemically identical and behave the same way in the body.

The subtle difference between them is:
*Dextrose refers to the molecule as it appears in food, or as a powder or solution to be taken by mouth (e.g. tablets) or intravenously (e.g. via a drip in hospital)
*glucose refers to the molecule once Dextrose’s entered the bloodstream as blood sugar
*In terms of where it sits on the sweetness scale, Dextrose is less sweet than sucrose, fructose and glucose, but sweeter than lactose and maltose.



TAKING DEXTROSE SUPPLEMENTS IN SPORT AND EXERCISE:
Supplementing with Dextrose could potentially give your exercise performance a real boost.
One study from 2006 found that supplementing with Dextrose drinks after every practice session for eight weeks improved the performance among the participants, a group of 31 female college rowers.
Dextrose emerged superior to the other type of sugar used in the study, ribose.



CAN DEXTROSE HELP YOU IN YOUR WORKOUTS?
Because Dextrose takes such a short time to be converted to energy by the body, you’ll get an energy boost as soon as you’ve consumed Dextrose.
Dextrose is also calorie-dense, which is why it’s used by bodybuilders and those looking to gain weight during their training.

Usually, we’re taught to avoid simple sugars which have this instant energising effect in favour of complex carbohydrates, like whole grains and vegetables, which offer a slower release of energy.
But when you’re running a marathon or powering through a 90-minute gym session, you need something a little more rapid.
This is why Dextrose supplementation is useful for athletes and those participating in endurance sports.

Glycogen stores (the body’s energy reserves) become depleted during exercise, and Dextrose can quickly restore them, helping you work out harder and for longer.
Dextrose can be taken in tablet form, as well as in sports drinks, gels and as powder added to protein shakes or water.
You can take Dextrose either during training, or directly after a session.



WHICH FOODS CONTAIN DEXTROSE?
Dextrose is found naturally in some foods including:
*Honey
*Medjool dates
*Dried apricots
*Raisins
*High-starch foods such as potatoes are converted to Dextrose in the body



DEXTROSE IS ADDED BY THE MANUFACTURERS TO A LARGE RANGE OF PROCESSED FOODS, INCLUDING:
*Cakes
*Crisps
*Sweets
*Chewing gum
*Refined breakfast cereals
*Ready-made meals
*Ice cream
*Sauces
*Salad dressings
*Cured meats
*Bread
*Soups
*Juice drinks
*Yoghurt
*Long-life baked goods



NATURALLY OCCURRING SUGARS, DEXTROSE:
Dextrose is a form of glucose found in naturally occurring foods such as corn, fruits, and honey.
Whilst Dextrose, sucrose and fructose are all simple sugars, the impact each has on blood sugar levels varies can vary.
Due its molecular make up, Dextrose scores 100 on the glycaemic index as it raises blood glucose levels very quickly.

Comparatively, sucrose and fructose score 65 and 19 on the GI scale.
Dextrose is also about 20% less sweet tasting than sucrose, which is why sucrose is often used as a sweetener in processed foods.

According to the Sugar Association, the majority of Dextrose in foods is derived from corn starch.
You can find Dextrose in many foods, desserts, drinks, snacks, and baked products.
Dextrose is especially favoured in the food industry for its swelling and preservative benefits while leaving the end product moderately sweet.

This makes dextrose the most efficient source of energy for the body, as unlike other simple sugars, dextrose can be absorbed directly into the blood stream to elevate blood sugar levels, making it a fast-acting treatment for diabetics and people suffering from hypoglycaemia.



INCREASING YOUR BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL WITH DEXTROSE:
Dextrose is identical to glucose (the names can be used interchangeably) and effective for managing low blood sugar.
People with hypoglycaemia or diabetes can be given Dextrose orally or intravenously to raise their blood sugar levels very quickly.



WHAT IS DEXTROSE?
IS DEXTROSE SUGAR?
Yes, Dextrose is a simple sugar that’s derived from corn.
Dextrose consists of one molecule of sugar, making it a carbohydrate that’s called a simple sugar.



DEXTROSE VS. GLUCOSE:
Chemically, Dextrose’s identical to glucose.
So are Dextrose and glucose the same thing?
The term Dextrose is used when glucose is produced from corn.
Being that it is biochemically identical to glucose, Dextrose’s sometimes used medically to raise a person’s blood sugar levels when they are too low.



IS DEXTROSE HEALTHIER THAN SUGAR?
Well, Dextrose’s a simple sugar that’s often used to sweeten packaged and processed foods.
Both Dextrose and table sugar supply the body with energy, but they affect blood sugar levels differently.

Dextrose is water-soluble and dissolves quickly.
This is one reason why it’s often used to raise blood sugar levels.
While digestive enzymes are needed to break down sucrose, or table sugar, into single molecules, Dextrose is ready to be absorbed immediately.



PREPARATIONS OF DEXTROSE:
The simple sugar, Dextrose is used in some medical solutions to raise blood sugar levels, treat dehydration and provide nutrition to patients unable to absorb macronutrients.
You can find Dextrose in many forms, including as tablets, gels and Dextrose powder.
Dextrose injections are commonly used to immediately raise a person’s blood sugar levels or to treat dehydration.



IS DEXTROSE VEGAN?
Large scale, commercially produced Dextrose for food manufacturing may be classified as vegan since it is produced from non-animal feedstock and no animal residues are used in the production process or present in the end product.



WHAT IS CULTURED DEXTROSE?
Contrary to Dextrose, which is classed as vegan, there is cultured dextrose which like Dextrose is also a food additive that is found in a variety of foods, and is used in much the same way : as a preservative to extend shelf life.

Being cultured this is a fermented food product that is produced by combining Dextrose with the bacteria Propionibacterium freudenreichii.
The bacteria is considered safe and naturally occurring within some dairy foods such as milk, however it has not yet been properly studied for safety and so does not have GRAS status – which is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance that has been added to a food has been scrutinised by experts to be considered safe for use.

So whilst cultured dextorse will improve the shelf life of foods by inhibiting growth of bacteria, yeast and other microorganisms, there have been cases where people who are lactose intolerant have unknowingly ingested foods that have been preserved with cultured Dextrose because milk was not listed on the ingredients label.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEXTROSE:
Appearance Form: liquid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available

Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility at 20 °C: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEXTROSE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEXTROSE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEXTROSE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEXTROSE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEXTROSE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEXTROSE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available


DEXTROSE

Dextrose, also known as glucose or grape sugar, is a simple sugar and monosaccharide.
Dextrose is one of the most common naturally occurring sugars and is found in many plants and fruits, including grapes and corn.
Dextrose is an important source of energy for living organisms and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism.

CAS Number: 50-99-7
EC Number: 200-075-1

Synonyms: D-glucose, Grape sugar, Corn sugar, Blood sugar, Dextrose monohydrate, Dextroglucose, D-glucopyranose, α-D-glucose, Glucose monohydrate, Glucose syrup, Glucose anhydrous, Glucose powder, D-Glc, Dextrose sugar, Dextrose solution, Dextrose injection, Glucosan, Dextroglucan, Starch sugar, Starch syrup, Corn syrup, Liquid glucose, Glucose liquid, Glucodin, Glucofix, Dex4, D-Glucose, Glucopyranose, Dextropur, Glucosteril, Glucoplus, Dexycol, Glucorix, Dexnet, Glucorin, Dexol, Dexose, Glucotrol, Glucogin, Dexatrim, Glucopress, Glucosamin, Dexace, Glucoderm, Glucosique, Glucostatic, Glucosic, Glucotest, Glucosamine, Dexosal, Glucosol, Glucosoral, Glucosolv, Glucosolve, Glucoster, Glucostripe, Glucosules, Dexolive, Glucosweet, Glucosyl



APPLICATIONS


Dextrose is commonly used as a sweetening agent in various food and beverage products, including soft drinks, candies, and baked goods.
Dextrose is added to food products to enhance sweetness, improve flavor, and provide a source of energy.

Dextrose is used in the production of carbonated beverages, providing a sweet taste and contributing to the carbonation process.
In baking, dextrose is used to feed yeast and promote fermentation, resulting in leavened bread and other baked goods.

Dextrose is a key ingredient in sports drinks, energy bars, and recovery drinks, providing a source of quick energy for athletes during exercise.
Dextrose is used in the formulation of infant formulas and baby foods to provide essential nutrients and energy for growing infants.
Dextrose is added to pharmaceutical formulations, such as tablets, capsules, and syrups, as a diluent or filler.

In medical applications, dextrose is used in intravenous (IV) fluids and oral rehydration solutions to treat dehydration and replenish glucose levels.
Dextrose is utilized in fermentation processes to produce ethanol, beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages.

Dextrose is used in the production of confectionery items, such as hard candies, gummies, and chocolate, to provide sweetness and texture.
Dextrose is added to dairy products, including yogurt, ice cream, and flavored milk, to improve taste and mouthfeel.

Dextrose is used in the production of sauces, dressings, and condiments to enhance flavor and provide a source of sweetness.
Dextrose is used in the manufacture of canned fruits and vegetables to preserve color, texture, and flavor.

In the pharmaceutical industry, dextrose is used as a culture medium for microbial growth and fermentation processes.
Dextrose is added to animal feed formulations to provide energy and improve palatability.

Dextrose is used in the production of cosmetics and personal care products as a humectant and moisturizing agent.
Dextrose is employed in laboratory and research applications as a nutrient source for cell culture and microbial growth.
Dextrose is used in the production of bioplastics and biodegradable polymers as a renewable source of carbon.

Dextrose is added to agricultural products, such as fertilizers and plant growth regulators, to improve crop yield and quality.
Dextrose is used in the production of tobacco products, such as cigarettes and cigars, to enhance flavor and burning characteristics.
Dextrose is utilized in the manufacture of adhesive products, such as paper adhesives and wood glues.
Dextrose is used in the textile industry as a sizing agent and dyeing auxiliary in textile processing.

Dextrose is added to pet foods and treats to provide energy and improve palatability for pets.
In the brewing industry, dextrose is used as a priming sugar for bottle conditioning and carbonation.
Dextrose has diverse applications across various industries, serving as a versatile ingredient in food, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and industrial processes.

Dextrose is used in the production of fruit preserves, jams, and jellies to provide sweetness and aid in the gelling process.
Dextrose is added to nutritional supplements and meal replacement products to provide a source of carbohydrates and energy.
Dextrose is used in the production of flavor enhancers and seasonings to balance flavors and improve overall taste.

In the brewing industry, dextrose is used as a fermentable sugar to increase alcohol content and improve fermentation efficiency.
Dextrose is added to dairy alternatives, such as plant-based milk and yogurt, to enhance flavor and texture.
Dextrose is used in the production of frozen desserts, such as ice cream and sorbet, to improve texture and prevent crystallization.

Dextrose is used in the production of pharmaceutical syrups and suspensions as a sweetening agent and vehicle for active ingredients.
Dextrose is employed in the production of nutritional bars, granola bars, and energy snacks as a source of carbohydrates for sustained energy.

Dextrose is added to salad dressings and marinades to provide sweetness and balance acidity.
Dextrose is used in the production of processed meats, such as sausages and deli meats, to improve flavor and texture.
Dextrose is used in the production of baked goods, such as cookies, cakes, and pastries, to provide sweetness and moisture retention.

Dextrose is added to canned fruits and vegetables as a sweetening agent and preservative.
Dextrose is used in the production of chewing gum and breath mints to provide sweetness and enhance flavor release.

Dextrose is employed in the production of pet medications and supplements as a palatability enhancer.
Dextrose is used in the production of oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, to improve flavor and mouthfeel.

Dextrose is added to dietary supplements and sports nutrition products to support muscle recovery and replenish glycogen stores.
Dextrose is used in the production of flavored water and hydration beverages to improve taste and encourage consumption.

Dextrose is employed in the production of nutritional powders and meal replacements as a source of easily digestible carbohydrates.
Dextrose is used in the production of flavored syrups and toppings for desserts and beverages.
Dextrose is added to infant formulas and baby foods to provide essential nutrients and support growth and development.

Dextrose is used in the production of flavored teas and fruit-infused beverages to enhance sweetness and flavor.
Dextrose is employed in the production of snack foods, such as chips and pretzels, to improve flavor and texture.
Dextrose is added to canned soups and sauces to balance flavors and enhance overall taste.

Dextrose is used in the production of nutritional shakes and smoothies as a source of quick energy and carbohydrates.
Dextrose plays a vital role in the formulation of a wide range of food, beverage, and pharmaceutical products, contributing to taste, texture, and nutritional value.

Dextrose serves as a fermentable sugar in brewing and distillation processes, contributing to alcohol production.
Dextrose is often included in sports drinks and energy bars to provide a readily available source of fuel for athletes.

Dextrose is metabolized by enzymes in the body, primarily in the liver and muscles, to produce energy.
Dextrose is an important component of diagnostic tests, such as glucose tolerance tests, used to assess blood sugar levels.
Dextrose is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a diluent or filler in tablets and capsules.

Dextrose is sometimes used as a bulking agent in food products to improve texture and mouthfeel.
Dextrose has a moderate sweetness level, slightly less sweet than sucrose (table sugar) but still pleasant to the taste.

Dextrose is known by various names, including glucose, grape sugar, and corn sugar.
In aqueous solutions, dextrose undergoes mutarotation, converting between its α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose forms.
Dextrose is a vital nutrient for brain function, providing energy for cognitive processes.
Dextrose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway, yielding pyruvate and ATP as end products.

Dextrose is an important substrate for biosynthesis reactions, serving as a precursor for other carbohydrates and biomolecules.
Dextrose is utilized by cells throughout the body to maintain metabolic homeostasis and support physiological functions.
Dextrose is a versatile and essential sugar with diverse applications in food, medicine, and biochemical processes.



DESCRIPTION


Dextrose, also known as glucose or grape sugar, is a simple sugar and monosaccharide.
Dextrose is one of the most common naturally occurring sugars and is found in many plants and fruits, including grapes and corn.
Dextrose is an important source of energy for living organisms and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism.

Chemically, dextrose is classified as a hexose sugar, meaning it contains six carbon atoms.
Its molecular formula is C6H12O6.
Dextrose exists in two stereoisomeric forms: D-glucose and L-glucose, with D-glucose being the most biologically significant form.

Dextrose is commonly used as a sweetening agent in the food and beverage industry.
Dextrose is often added to various products, including baked goods, soft drinks, candies, and sports drinks, to enhance sweetness and provide energy.
Dextrose is also used in pharmaceuticals and medical applications, such as intravenous (IV) fluids and oral rehydration solutions, to replenish glucose levels in the body during times of dehydration or low blood sugar.

In addition to its role as a sweetener and energy source, dextrose is used in various industrial applications, such as fermentation processes in the production of ethanol and as a precursor in the synthesis of other organic compounds.

Dextrose is a versatile and widely used sugar with applications ranging from food and beverage production to pharmaceuticals and industrial processes.
Dextrose is a simple sugar that serves as a primary source of energy for living organisms.
Dextrose is a naturally occurring carbohydrate found in various plants and fruits, including grapes and corn.

Chemically, dextrose is classified as a monosaccharide, meaning it consists of a single sugar molecule.
Dextrose is a crystalline, white powder with a sweet taste, similar to that of table sugar.
Dextrose is highly soluble in water, forming a clear, colorless solution when dissolved.

Dextrose is often used as a sweetening agent in a wide range of food and beverage products.
Dextrose provides a quick source of energy and is rapidly absorbed by the body upon consumption.

Dextrose plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly in glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose for energy production.
Dextrose is an essential component of many physiological processes, including respiration and synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Dextrose is commonly used in medical applications, such as intravenous (IV) fluids and oral rehydration solutions, to treat dehydration and replenish glucose levels.
In baking, dextrose is used to enhance browning and flavor development in bread and other baked goods.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: Dextrose is typically a white, crystalline powder or granules.
Odor: Dextrose is odorless.
Taste: Dextrose has a sweet taste, similar to that of table sugar.
Solubility: Dextrose is highly soluble in water, forming a clear, colorless solution.
Melting Point: The melting point of dextrose varies depending on its form and purity but typically ranges from approximately 146 to 150°C (295 to 302°F).
Boiling Point: Dextrose decomposes before reaching a boiling point.
Density: The density of dextrose can vary, but it is generally around 1.54 g/cm³.
Particle Size: Dextrose is commonly available in fine powder or granular form.
Hygroscopicity: Dextrose may exhibit some degree of hygroscopicity, absorbing moisture from the surrounding environment.
Color: Dextrose is typically white or off-white in color.
Crystal Structure: Dextrose crystals may have a monoclinic or orthorhombic lattice structure.



FIRST AID


Inhalation Exposure:

Symptoms:
Inhalation of dextrose powder or aerosols is unlikely to cause significant adverse effects. However, large amounts of dust may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or throat irritation.

Immediate Actions:
Move the affected person to a well-ventilated area to breathe fresh air.
If respiratory symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention for further evaluation.
Provide respiratory support if breathing difficulties occur, and ensure that the airway remains clear.

Skin Contact:

Symptoms:
Direct contact with dextrose powder or solutions is unlikely to cause significant skin irritation. However, prolonged contact with concentrated solutions may lead to mild irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals.

Immediate Actions:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water to remove any traces of dextrose.
Rinse the skin with plenty of water and pat dry with a clean cloth.
If skin irritation persists or develops, seek medical advice for appropriate treatment.

Eye Contact:

Symptoms:
Contact with dextrose powder or solutions may cause mild irritation, redness, or discomfort in the eyes.

Immediate Actions:
Flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during rinsing.
Seek medical attention promptly for further evaluation and treatment, especially if symptoms persist or worsen.

Ingestion:

Symptoms:
Ingestion of dextrose powder or solutions is generally considered safe and is unlikely to cause significant adverse effects.

Immediate Actions:
If small amounts of dextrose are ingested accidentally, no specific treatment is required.
Encourage the affected person to drink plenty of water to dilute the dextrose and aid in its digestion.
If large amounts are ingested or if symptoms of discomfort develop, seek medical advice for further evaluation and guidance.


General Measures:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles, when handling dextrose to minimize skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to minimize inhalation exposure to dextrose dust or aerosols.

Storage:
Store dextrose products in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Handling Precautions:
Follow safe handling procedures outlined in safety data sheets (SDS) and product labels to minimize exposure risks.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling dextrose to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if working with dextrose in powdered form and in poorly ventilated areas.
Avoid inhalation of dextrose dust or aerosols and minimize exposure by implementing engineering controls and safe handling practices.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to minimize the accumulation of dextrose dust and maintain air quality.
Use local exhaust ventilation systems or fume hoods to capture and remove airborne particles generated during handling operations.
Avoid generating dust clouds by using handling and transfer methods that minimize the release of particles into the air.

Handling Precautions:
Handle dextrose with care to prevent spills, leaks, or releases.
Use suitable tools and equipment, such as scoops or containers with tight-fitting lids, to transfer and store dextrose safely.
Avoid generating static electricity, which can cause dust accumulation and increase the risk of ignition. Ground equipment and containers as necessary.

Storage:
Store dextrose products in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat, ignition, and direct sunlight.
Ensure storage facilities are equipped with adequate containment measures, such as spill trays or bunds, to contain spills and prevent environmental contamination.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.
Store dextrose away from incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agents and reactive metals, to prevent chemical reactions.


Storage:

Temperature and Humidity:
Maintain storage temperatures within recommended ranges (typically below 30°C or 86°F) to prevent degradation or caking of dextrose products.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures or humidity, which may affect the stability and quality of dextrose.
Monitor storage conditions regularly to ensure compliance with recommended temperature and humidity ranges.

Container Handling:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass, for storing dextrose.
Check containers for signs of damage, leakage, or deterioration before storing dextrose products and replace damaged containers as necessary.
Label all containers with the chemical name, concentration, hazard warnings, and handling precautions to ensure proper identification and safe handling.

Segregation:
Store dextrose away from food, feed, and beverages to prevent accidental contamination.
Segregate dextrose from incompatible substances, such as acids, bases, and oxidizing agents, to prevent chemical reactions and potential hazards.

Inventory Management:
Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory system to ensure older stocks are used before newer ones.
Keep accurate records of inventory levels, including dates of receipt, usage, and expiration dates, to prevent overstocking or shortages.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas containing dextrose to authorized personnel only.
Implement security measures, such as locked cabinets or access controls, to prevent unauthorized access, tampering, or theft.

Emergency Preparedness:
Develop and maintain emergency response plans for handling spills, leaks, or accidents involving dextrose.
Ensure personnel are trained on emergency procedures and have access to emergency response equipment, such as spill kits and personal protective gear.

DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE
As a nutrient Dextrose monohydrate is a carbohydrate source.
Dextrose monohydrate is a simple sugar produced by the hydrolysis of starch.


CAS Number: 14431-43-7
EC Number: 218-914-5
MDL number: MFCD00149450
Molecular Formula: C6H14O7
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C6H12O6 · H2O



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Dextrose Monohydrate is Odorless.
Dextrose monohydrate is an excellent binder.
Dextrose monohydrate is a water-soluble.


Dextrose monohydrate is a white, crystalline powder.
In a tablet, Dextrose Monohydrate will work as a sweetener.
Dextrose Monohydrate is a constituent of glycogen, starch and cellulose.


Dextrose monohydrate is just like common sugar.
The Dextrose monohydrate you receive will be in a powder form.
At room temperature, Dextrose monohydrate will remain in crystalline form.


Dextrose monohydrate will dissolve in water and is slightly soluble in ethanol.
Dextrose monohydrate is the monohydrate form of D-glucose, a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate.
Dextrose monohydrate serves to replenish lost nutrients and electrolytes.


Solutions containing Dextrose monohydrate restore blood glucose levels, provide calories, may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action.
Dextrose monohydrate also plays a role in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.


Dextrose monohydrate is a primary source of energy for living organisms.
Dextrose monohydrate is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state.
Dextrose monohydrate provides sweetness and energy in an extensive variety of food applications.


Dextrose monohydrate is the monomer of the starch chain (polymers). Glucose is also the sugar naturally present in the human body.
Dextrose monohydrate provides key excipient and nutrient benefits as a filler/binder and as a carbohydrate source.
Dextrose monohydrate is the monomer of natural starch polymer.


Dextrose monohydrate is also the natural physiological sugar in the human body.
Dextrose monohydrate may be the sweetener that you're looking for. Its wide selection of purposes helps make Dextrose monohydrate an ingredient consumers will be happy to see on the list of ingredients.


Dextrose monohydrate may well present the perfect sweetener for your product.
Dextrose Monohydrate provides the body with water and sugar.
Dextrose monohydrate supplies four calories per gram and contains 9% water by weight.


Dextrose Monohydrate and its many uses have resulted in a refined manufacturing process.
Corn starch, where glucose comes from, is a chain composed of Dextrose monohydrate chains.
Hydrolysis is a process that works to break down these chains and create Dextrose monohydrate in a bulk.


A common way to do this is to treat starch with the enzymes amylase, or treatment with acid, which imitates the processes that occur naturally.
In the body, digestion of starch starts in the mouth with saliva, or enzyme amylase.
Manufacturers have taken the natural process and replicated Dextrose monohydrate in their own production methods.


Dextrose Monohydrate has long been providing humans a satisfying flavor in their meals.
If used properly Dextrose monohydrate can help people by providing energy and fluids.
Consumers will swallow a pill with ease if they have a sweetener to look forward to.


Dextrose Monohydrate will also fit easily into many formulas because of its inertness.
If you are familiar with Greek etymology, you will have figured out that Dextrose monohydrate is a dextrose compound that does not contain a water molecule.
In the manufacturing industry, Dextrose monohydrate contains <1% moisture compared to monohydrate which contains <10%.


Dextrose monohydrate, also known as D-Glucose Monohydrate, is a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate; a simple sugar that is roughly 20-30% less sweet than refined sugar (sucrose).
This cornstarch-sourced material, Dextrose monohydrate is an odorless, white crystalline powder with a sweet flavor profile.


Dextrose monohydrate may be used in place of Sucrose for a milder sweet flavor and fewer calories, in common culinary items such as baked goods, powdered beverages, syrups, ice cream, and glazes.
Nutraceutical and sports nutrition manufacturers may opt to replace regular sugar or other alternative sweeteners with Dextrose monohydrate.


Additionally, Dextrose monohydrate is often found in products to act as a binding agent such as in oral capsules.
Dextrose monohydrate is a healthier substitue for sugar, fructose and sucrose.
Dextrose monohydrate is also known to lessen baking time with faster rising and browning effects than similar ingredients.


Given that Dextrose monohydrate is less sweet, use about 2 times as much in recipes such as: Tea, coffee, shakes, brewing, wine, fruits, baking, cookies, brownies, cake, doughnuts and bread.
Dextrose monohydrate is a white crystalline powdered sugar obtained from the complete hydrolysis of corn starch.


Dextrose monohydrate is a sugar that's a stable, odorless, white crystalline powder or colorless crystal.
In its pure form, it has a Dextrose monohydrate equivalency (DE) of 100, which indicates that it's 100% pure Dextrose monohydrate, not a mixture with other substances as well.


Dextrose monohydrate, Powder, Reagent, also known as D-glucose, is a sugar that's a stable, odorless, white crystalline powder or colorless crystal.
Dextrose monohydrate is the fundamental monomer of all starchy products.
The Reagent grade denotes that Dextrose monohydrate is the highest quality commercially available and that the American Chemical Society has not officially set any specifications for this material.


Dextrose monohydrate is an organic compound, that is, glucose without crystal water.
Dextrose monohydrate is a colorless crystal or white crystalline powder, odorless and sweet.
Dextrose monohydrate is soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol.


Dextrose monohydrate is a white crystalline powder derived from non-GMO corn.
Dextrose Monohydrate, also known as D-Glucose Monohydrate, is a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate; a simple sugar that is roughly 20-30% less sweet than refined sugar (sucrose).


This cornstarch-sourced material, Dextrose monohydrate, is an odorless, white crystalline powder with a sweet flavor profile.
Dextrose monohydrate may be used in place of Sucrose for a milder sweet flavor and fewer calories, in common culinary items such as baked goods, powdered beverages, syrups, ice cream, and glazes.


Nutraceutical and sports nutrition manufacturers may opt to replace regular sugar or other alternative sweeteners with Dextrose Monohydrate.
Additionally, Dextrose monohydrate is often found in products to act as a binding agent such as in oral capsules.
Dextrose Monohydrate is a white crystalline powdered sugar produced from demineralized glucose syrup obtained from the complete hydrolysis of corn starch.


Dextrose monohydrate is characterised by a delicate sweetness, high solubility and clarity in solutions, mobility and flow in the dry form.
pH (5% w/v solution) is 4.0 to 6.0, Grits (retained on 1000 micron screen) < 1.0%.
Dextrose monohydrate belongs to a class of drugs called glucose-elevating agents.


Dextrose Monohydrate, more commonly known as glucose, is a simple sugar or monosaccharide.
Chemically, glucose can be made to adopt a number of different forms, although only one, delta-glucose or “right handed glucose” is found in nature.
Dextrose monohydrate is the food industry term for delta-glucose.
Dextrose monohydrate is a 100% natural sugar, found in fruits, vegetables and many manufactured products.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Applications of Dextrose monohydrate: Oral Dosage for Pharmaceutical and/or Nutraceuticals, Swallowable tablet, Chewable tablets, Effervescent tablets, and Medicated Confectionary.
Dextrose monohydrate can provide benefit to swallowable tablets, chewable tablets, effervescent tablets and medicated confectionaries. As an excipient

Dextrose monohydrate can be used as a filler/binder.
As a nutrient Dextrose monohydrate is a carbohydrate source.
Dextrose monohydrate is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.


Applications of Dextrose monohydrate: Bakery & Snacks, Sweet biscuit & cookie, Bread, Cake and pastry, Filling, custard, décor, and Breakfast cereal.
In Dextrose monohydrate's crystalline form this natural sugar has long been used both as a filler for oral dosage forms and as a sweetener.
Dextrose monohydrate provides metabolic energy and is the primary ingredient in oral rehydration salts (ORS) and is used in intravenous (IV) fluids to provide nutrients to patients under intensive care who are unable to receive them by the oral route.


Dextrose monohydrate is often used by people suffering from low blood sugar.
In a tablet, Dextrose monohydrate can supply energy to a user.
Dextrose monohydrate is used in medicines and the food industry.


Dextrose Monohydrate is a "reducing sugar" and is used in many food stuffs.
The elements that affect food are also applicable to a tablet.
Dextrose Monohydrate can improve the quality of your tablet and provide a pleasant taste.


Dextrose monohydrate is economically priced and safe for consumption on a regular basis.
Dextrose monohydrate can provide benefit to swallowable tablets, chewable tablets, effervescent tablets and medicated confectionaries. As an excipient Dextrose monohydrate can be used as a filler/binder.


With its pleasant, clean and sweet taste, Dextrose monohydrate has been used for years as a sweetener in a wide range of food applications.
Dextrose monohydrate is one of the sweetest of the starch derived sugars.
On a scale on which sucrose is assigned a sweetness value of 100, Dextrose monohydrate is rated at 75.


Dextrose monohydrate is used in the production of baked goods, candy and gum, creams and frozen dairy products (like some ice-creams and frozen yogurts), alcoholic beverages, jarred and canned foods.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as energy food by convalescing patient, sportsperson, children etc. and known to give instant energy and vigour.


Dextrose monohydrate is used in fruit and vegetable processing to help keep them fresh.
Dextrose monohydrate's also used in dehydration.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as a preservative as it doesn't alter the natural flavor of the food, especially compared to using sugar, another useful preservative.


Dextrose monohydrate is a sweetner with sweetness of about 75% of the sucrose.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as flavour to the food preparations when added alone or in combination with other weetener.
Dextrose monohydrate is the simplest carbon source monosaccharide and used extensively in fermentation process for rapid growth with excellent yield, no non-fermentable sugars, low level of trace minerals organics, few leftovers to purify and consistency.


Dextrose monohydrate is used in extending shelf life of many food products.
Dextrose monohydrate is a type of simple sugar that is derived from corn starch.
Dextrose monohydrateis commonly used in the food and beverage industry as a sweetener and a source of energy.


Overall, Dextrose Monohydrate is a versatile ingredient that has a wide range of applications in various industries.
Dextrose monohydrate is commonly used as a sweetener and a source of energy in food and beverage products, as well as a filler in pharmaceuticals.
Its ability to provide quick energy makes Dextrose monohydrate a valuable ingredient in sports drinks and other energy supplements.


Dextrose monohydrate is extensively used in food industry and can provide support in replacing sucrose in baking, dairy products, canned products, chewing gum and preserves.
Other than this, Dextrose monohydrate is also used in beverage powders, in caramel coloring and other compositions where it supports extended shelf life of the products.


The presence of Dextrose monohydrate also supports keeping powdered beverage drinks free flowing.
Dextrose monohydrate is used RTD or Powdered Beverages, Nutritional & Snack Bars, Bakery Products, Confectionery products, Seasoning, Sauces, Dressings & Spreads, and Meats.


Dextrose monohydrate can be used for sweetening, texturizing, moisture retention, as a bulking agent or as a carrier/excipient in a wide variety of food and supplement applications.
Dextrose monohydrate is a common natural sugar involved in processes such as energy production, glycosylation, and formation of glycans that provide structure to cells.


Dextrose monohydrate is involved in a detrimental process in cells called glycation.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as a supplement for cell culture and in numerous cellular processes.
Dextrose monohydrate is used in applications such as ice creams and sorbets to inhibit crystallisation and lower sugar content as well as to provide flexibility in rolled fondant.


Dextrose monohydrate is also used in baked goods to
promote browning and to extend the shelf life and colour of prepared foods.
As the basic elements and medical raw materials of human body, the product has universal functions and uses, and can be directly applied to human body, food processing, pharmaceutical and chemical industries.


Dextrose monohydrate can increase energy and endurance, and can be used as a supplement for hypoglycemia, cold, fever, dizziness, weakness of limbs and myocarditis.
Key Applications of Dextrose monohydrate: Energy production | Glycosylation | Formation of glycans that provide structure to cells | Used as a supplement for cell culture.


Dextrose monohydrate has been used as a component of dielectrophoretic buffer for conductivity measurements.
Dextrose monohydrate is used for the administration into rats for Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test (IPGTT).
Dextrose monohydrate is used as a component of Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) for the cultivation of osteoblasts


Dextrose monohydrate is used to treat low blood sugar levels.
Dextrose monohydrate is used for screening gestational diabetes mellitus.
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) occurs when blood glucose (sugar) drops below a healthy range.


Dextrose monohydrate contains Dextrose, a simple sugar that works by quickly increasing blood sugar levels and helps to treat low blood sugar in diabetic patients.
Dextrose monohydrate is used Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar), and Gestational diabetes mellitus.


-Applications of Dextrose monohydrate:
• Bakery & Snacks (Salty Snacks, Sweet biscuit & cookie, Fillings, custards & decors, Cake & pastry)
• Beverages (Powdered beverages)
• Confectionery (Compressed tablet, Chewy sweets & marshmallow, Wine gums & jellies)
• Dairy (Ice Cream)
• Savory (Meat, Seafood, Soup, Sauce, Seasoning)
• Specialized nutrition (Sports nutrition & weight management)


-Sugar Substitute:
One of the primary uses of Dextrose Monohydrate is as a sweetener in various food products, such as baked goods, confectionery, and beverages.
Dextrose monohydrate is also commonly used in the production of sports drinks and other energy supplements, as it provides a quick source of energy for the body.


-Pharmaceutical industry:
In the pharmaceutical industry, Dextrose Monohydrate is often used as a diluent or a filler in tablets and capsules.
Dextrose monohydrate is also used as an ingredient in some intravenous (IV) solutions, as it can help to maintain blood sugar levels in patients who are unable to eat or drink.


-Sports nutrition:
Dextrose Monohydrate is commonly used in sports nutrition products as a source of quick energy.
Dextrose monohydrate is often added to pre-workout supplements and energy drinks to provide a boost of energy before a workout


-Personal care products:
In addition to its uses in food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals, Dextrose Monohydrate has a variety of other applications.
Dextrose monohydrate is sometimes used in the production of personal care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash.


-Industrial uses:
Dextrose Monohydrate is used in a variety of industrial applications, such as in the production of ethanol, adhesives, and paper products.
Dextrose monohydrate can also be used as a food additive to improve texture and stability.
Dextrose monohydrate is used in the production of adhesives and paper products.



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Dextrose monohydrate is widely used in medicine and food industry.
In medicine, oral liquid or intravenous injection can be used as a nutritional supplement.
The food industry can be used as a sweetener in the preparation of biological culture medium and pharmaceutical industry.
Dextrose monohydrate can also be used as a restorer, sugar and biological culture.



HOW AND WHERE IS DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE MADE?
India, China, Australia and the USA are major producers of dextrose.
Dextrose monohydrate is made by breaking down corn starch.

Starch is extracted from corn kernels/grains through wet milling in the following process:
*Softened corn kernels are heated to high temperatures and milled to produce a slurry
*Oil germ, proteins and other impurities are filtered out so only liquid starch remains
*Liquidised starch is hydrolysed (broken down with water) by an amylase enzyme into Dextrose monohydrate molecules, in large saccharification tanks
*Dextrose monohydrate is purified and dehydrated.



FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*Make Dextrose monohydrate indulgent
*Sweetness
*Optimize my formulation
*Anti-crystallization & freezing point depression
*Make it better and healthier
*Energy management



OTHER PROPERTIES AND BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*White crystalline powder
*Neutral odor and sweet taste
*Sweetening power: 70% that of sugar
*Caloric value: 3.64 kcal/g
*Cryprotectant



WHAT IS DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE AND WHY IS DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE IN MY FOOD?
Dextrose monohydrate is one of two derivatives of dextrose used in the food manufacturing industry, the other being dextrose anhydrous.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as a sweetener in confectioneries, baking, desserts, and beverages and as an additive in pharmaceuticals and supplements.
Dextrose monohydrate's lower sweetening strength than sugar and dissolves into clear solution, providing flexibility of flavour and colour that manufacturers desire for a wide variety of products.



FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*Excipient
*Filler or Filler/Binder
*Nutrients
*Carbohydrate Source



FEATURES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*Easy to digest
*Safe to consume
*Longer shelf life
*Non-GMO
*Gluten Free



OTHER PROPERTIES AND BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*Multicompendial
*Excipact certified (site specific)
*Additional Information



Functional Properties of Dextrose monohydrate:
• Indulgence (Sweetness, Anti-crystallization & freezing point depression)
• Better for you (Energy)



MEDICINAL BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Dextrose monohydrate contains Dextrose, a simple sugar.
The tablet form is used to treat low blood sugar levels.
The powder form is used for screening gestational diabetes mellitus.
The plasma glucose level is checked after 2 hours of consumption.
Dextrose monohydrate works by quickly increasing blood sugar levels and helps to treat low blood sugar in diabetic patients.



THE GLOBAL DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE MARKET:
The global Dextrose monohydrate market is currently valued at US$ 4.5 billion and is forecasted to grow at value of 4.5% CAGR, a valuable increase considering CAGR was 3.6% during 2017-2021, with a top valuation of $7 billion by 2032.
By value, dextrose monohydrate consumption accounts for 5% share of the global sweeteners market.

The share value of the top five countries equals to 61% of the world consumption being North America (40%), followed by Latin America, Europe and East Asia. The growth and expanded use of dextrose monohydrate is due to its natural organoleptic characteristics for keeping beverage, confectionery, and bakery items fresh for a longer period, hence more appealing, as well as customer preferences for natural sweeteners is rising.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight: 198.17 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 198.07395278 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.07395278 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 119Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 138
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

CAS Number: 14431-43-7
Molecular Weight: 198.17
Beilstein: 5250278
EC Number: 218-914-5
MDL number: MFCD00149450
Appearance Form: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 6 - 7 at 100 g/l at 20 °C
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: ca.83 °C
Initial boiling point: and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available

Water solubility: 1.000 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -3,29 - (anhydrous substance), Bioaccumulation is not
expected.
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Solubility in other:
solvents: Ethanol at 20 °C- slightly soluble
IdentificationPositive for Dextrose
Clarity 10% SolutionClear
Retention on 30 #10% Maximum

Specific Volume135 – 150ml / 100 gm
Loss on Drying %7.5 – 9.5
Acidity (5.0 gm Sample)1.25 ml of N/50 NaOH Max.
Sulphated Ash %0.1 maximum
Sulphur Dioxide ppm20 Maximum
Dextrose Content %99.5 – 100
Optical Rotation+52.5o to 53.0o
Appearance :Powder
Physical State :Solid
Solubility :Soluble in water (1000 mg/ml at 20° C),
alcohol (16.67 mg/ml), and acetone (very slightly).
Insoluble in diethyl ether.
Storage :Store at room temperature
Boiling Point :410.8° C at 760 mmHg (Predicted)
Density :1.54 g/cm3 at 25° C
Refractive Index :n20D ~1.64 (Predicted)

Optical Activity :α20D 49±3, c = 10 in water
SYNONYMS: D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate
CAS NUMBER: 14431-43-7
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H12O6·H2O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 198.171 g/mol
EC NUMBER: 218-914-5
CAS: 77938-63-7
Molecular Formula: C6H14O7
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 198.17
MDL Number: MFCD00149450
InChI Key: SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-UHFFFAOYNA-N
IUPAC Name: 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal hydrate
SMILES: O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O
IUPAC: 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate
INCI: -



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L
*Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a dry place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE
DESCRIPTION:
Dextrose Monohydrate is the monohydrate form of D-glucose, a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate.
Dextrose serves to replenish lost nutrients and electrolytes.
The agent provides metabolic energy and is the primary ingredient in oral rehydration salts (ORS) and is used in intravenous (IV) fluids to provide nutrients to patients under intensive care who are unable to receive them by the oral route.

CAS: 77938-63-7
European Community (EC) Number: 616-580-9
IUPAC Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate
Molecular Formula: C6H14O7


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight 198.17
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 7
Rotatable Bond Count 5
Exact Mass 198.07395278
Monoisotopic Mass 198.07395278
Topological Polar Surface Area 119 Ų
Heavy Atom Count 13
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 138
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Component: 100% Dextrose
Appearance: White and crystalline powder, without the impurity that can be seen by eye
Taste: special sweet, no odor tastes
Odor: With flavor of Dextrose Monohydrate, no odor smell
Dextrose Equivalent Dry Matter%: ≥99.0
Specific Rotation (°): 52.0-53.6
Moisture % (m/m): ≤10
PH: 4.0-6.5
CAS No.5996-10-1
ChemSpider ID: 18532158
Molecular Formula: C6H14O7
Average mass: 198.171204 Da
Monoisotopic mass: 198.073959 Da
Flash Point: 326,9 ° C
Boiling Point: 760 mmHg 616,9 ° C
H-link donors: 7
Polar Area: 127,45 Å 2
Molar Crushing: cm3
Polarization: 10-24cm3
Density: g / cm3
Evaporation enthalpy: 104,91 kJ / mol
Vapor pressure: 8.45E-18 mmHg at 25 ° C
Other names: Glucose, 2,3,4,5 tetrol

Microbiological Analysis:
As mg/kg: ≤1.0
Pb mg/kg: ≤0.5
Sulfur Dioxide Resudual mg/kg: ≤30
Total Plate Count: ≤3000
Coliforms MPN/100g: ≤30
Pathogenic Bacterium: Does not exist
Assay (HPLC, anhydrous substance): 97.5 - 102.0 %
Specific rotation C=10iNH₂O,calculatedto ANHydr.Substances: 52.5 - 53.3 °
Conductivity 25 °C Max. 20 µS/cm
Water (Karl Fischer): 7.5 - 9.5 %
Sulfated ash: Max. 0.1 %
Acid. or alk. react. Impurities: complying
Aluminium (Al): Max. 0.00005 %
Arsenic (As): Max. 1 ppm
Calcium (Ca): Max. 200 ppm
Lead (Pb): Max. 0.5 ppm
Chloride (Cl): Max. 100 ppm
Sulfate (SO₄): Max. 200 ppm
Sulfite (as SO₂): Max. 10 ppm
Soluble starch, sulfite: complying
Dextrines: complying
Foreign sugars, soluble starch, dextrines: complying
Related substances (HPLC)
Residual solvents: complying
Appearance of the solution: complying

Dextrose (glucose) with chemical formula (C6H8O7.H2O), dextrose monohydrate and anhydrous monohydrate are also known as fumarate.
Dextrose monohydrate is a carbohydrate found in grapes and other fruit juices.

PRODUCTION AND REACTIONS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Following the hydrolysis of starch, purification is achieved as a result of processes such as evaporation and crystallization.
Poliflex has 5% dextrose as a solution in water.
Lane and Eynon method is used to determine Dectstrose Equivalent.
Sulphate ash can be determined in the determination of sulphate ash in dextrose monohydrate with other chemicals.

Dextrose monohydrate, known as Edible Glucose, is a white crystalline sweet powder derived from refined corn starch, through enzymatic process.
Solutions containing dextrose restore blood glucose levels, provide calories, may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action.

Dextrose also plays a role in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.
A primary source of energy for living organisms.

Dextrose Monohydrate is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state.
Dextrose Monohydrate is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

APPLICATIONS:
DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE has broad applications throughout the food and beverage industries. Typical applications include bakery products, beverages, dry mixes, confectionery, ice cream, pickles, processed meats and pharmaceutical products.

Tastes 60%-70% of the sweetness of sucrose’s.
Dextrose Monohydrate can be widely used in confectionery, beverages, biscuits, bakery products for better taste, quality and low cost.
Easily dissolved, so it can be widely used in beverages and cold food.

Dextrose Monohydrate can also be used for direct consumption since it can increase physical strength and endurance.
Dextrose Monohydrate can be used as supplementary fluid for patients suffering low blood sugar, fever, dizziness collapse.
Dextrose monohydrate is indispensable nutrient in destabilization.
Dextrose Monohydrate has broad use in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
• Bakery & Snacks
• Sweet biscuit & cookie
• Bread
• Cake and pastry
• Filling, custard, décor
• Breakfast cereal



FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
• Make it indulgent
• Sweetness
• Optimize my formulation
• Anti-crystallization & freezing point depression
• Make it better and healthier
• Energy management

OTHER PROPERTIES AND BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
• White crystalline powder
• Neutral odor and sweet taste
• Sweetening power: 70% that of sugar
• Caloric value: 3.64 kcal/g
• Cryprotectant



USAGE AREAS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Health:
Dextrose monohydrate is used as an adjunct by experts in the nutrition of young children, insulin shocks that can be seen in individuals, blood sugar level adjustment and obesity.
Chemistry:
Dextrose monohydrate is formulated with appropriate vitamins and minerals and is used in the preparation of physical stress.
Medicine:
5% Dextrose solution of peripheral blood in human body is used because of iso-osmotic structure with blood

Dextrose Monohydrate will work as a sweetener. Dextrose Monohydrate is a constituent of glycogen, starch and cellulose. It is just like common sugar. The dextrose you receive will be in a powder form. At room temperature, it will remain in crystalline form. It will dissolve in water and is slightly soluble in ethanol.

Dextrose Monohydrate provides the body with water and sugar.
Dextrose Monohydrate supplies four calories per gram and contains 9% water by weight.
Dextrose Monohydrate is often used by people suffering from low blood sugar.
In a tablet, this ingredient can supply energy to a user.

Dextrose Monohydrate is used in medicines and the food industry.
Dextrose Monohydrate is a "reducing sugar" and is used in many food stuffs.
The elements that affect food are also applicable to a tablet.
Dextrose Monohydrate can improve the quality of your tablet and provide a pleasant taste.
Dextrose Monohydrate is economically priced and safe for consumption on a regular basis.

Dextrose Monohydrate and its many uses have resulted in a refined manufacturing process.
Dextrose Monohydrate is a simple sugar produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Corn starch, where glucose comes from, is a chain composed of dextrose chains.

Hydrolysis is a process that works to break down these chains and create dextrose in a bulk.
A common way to do this is to treat starch with the enzymes amylase, or treatment with acid, which imitates the processes that occur naturally.
In the body, digestion of starch starts in the mouth with saliva, or enzyme amylase.
Manufacturers have taken the natural process and replicated it in their own production methods.

Dextrose Monohydrate has long been providing humans a satisfying flavor in their meals.
If used properly Dextrose Monohydrate can help people by providing energy and fluids.
Consumers will swallow a pill with ease if they have a sweetener to look forward to.
Dextrose Monohydrate will also fit easily into many formulas because of its inertness

Dextrose Monohydrate is moderate in sweetness.
Dextrose Monohydrate is 65-70% as sweet as sucrose and has a solution, which is much less viscous than Liquid Glucose.
Dextrose Monohydrate is freely soluble in water at room temperature and also in boiling alcohol.
Dextrose has a greater depression of freezing point than that of cane sugar, resulting in a smoother and creamier texture of the final products namely frozen food products.

Dextrose Monohydrate, also known as D-Glucose Monohydrate, is a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate; a simple sugar that is roughly 20-30% less sweet than refined sugar (sucrose).
This cornstarch-sourced material is an odorless, white crystalline powder with a sweet flavor profile.

Dextrose Monohydrate may be used in place of Sucrose for a milder sweet flavor and fewer calories, in common culinary items such as baked goods, powdered beverages, syrups, ice cream, and glazes.
Nutraceutical and sports nutrition manufacturers may opt to replace regular sugar or other alternative sweeteners with Dextrose Monohydrate.
Additionally, this material is often found in products to act as a binding agent such as in oral capsules.


Dextrose monohydrate is a white, crystalline sugar, commercially obtained from the complete hydrolysis of maize starch. Complies to EP standards.
Dextrose monohydrate is characterised by a pleasing delicate sweetness, high solubility and clarity in solutions, mobility and flow in the dry form.
Dextrose monohydrate exhibits high fermentability, osmotic pressure and the ability to extend the shelf life of many products




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.




SYNONYMS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
MeSH Entry Terms
Anhydrous Dextrose
D Glucose
D-Glucose
Dextrose
Dextrose, Anhydrous
Glucose
Glucose Monohydrate
Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer
Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer
Glucose, (DL)-Isomer
Glucose, (L)-Isomer
L Glucose
L-Glucose
Monohydrate, Glucose

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
Dextrose monohydrate
D-Glucose monohydrate
Glucose Monohydrate
D-Glucose, monohydrate
77938-63-7
5996-10-1
LX22YL083G
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal hydrate
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate
Dextrose Hydrous
D-glucose,monohydrate
C6H12O6.H2O
UNII-LX22YL083G
glucose hydrate
glucose water
Dextrose hydrate
D-Glucose hydrate
Dianeal PD-2
DIANEAL PD-1
SCHEMBL65210
GLUCOSE HYDRATE [JAN]
SCHEMBL236816
DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE [II]
DTXSID401015224
D-GLUCOSE, HYDRATE (1:1)
GLUCOSE MONOHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
AKOS028109053
GLUCOSE MONOHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
A832553
Dextrose monohydrate, meets USP testing specifications
Q27283222
D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate, for microbiology, >=99.0%
D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate, BioUltra, >=99.5% (HPLC)
Glucose monohydrate, EuropePharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate, meets analytical specification of Ph.??Eur., BP, Ph??Fran??., 7.0-9.5% water(Karl Fischer)



D-Gluconolactone
D-Gluconolactone; Glucono-δ-lactone; Gluconolactone; Glucono delta-lactone; GDL; d-Glucono-1,5-lactone; (3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one; cas no: 90-80-2
D-Glucosamine Sulfate
glucosamine sulfate; (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal sulfate; gevolox; D- glucosaminesulfate cas no: 29031-19-4
DI ETILEN GLIKOL
DIISONONYL PHTHALATE; DINP; Isononyl alcohol phthalate; DINP; Palatinol DN; Palatinol N; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester; Bis(7-methyloctyl) phthalate; Di(C8-C10) branched alkyl phthalate; Di(isononyl) phthalate branched; Di(C8-10, C9 rich) branched alkyl phthalates; Vestinol 9; Vestinol NN; Vinylcizer 90; Witamol 150 cas no: 28553-12-0
DI İSONONIL FITALAT (DINP)
Di-sec-octyl phthalate; DOP; DIOCTYL PHTHALATE; Bis(2-Etheylexyl) Phthalate; Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate; Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; Octoil; Ethyl hexyl phthalate; 2-Ethylhexyl phthalate; Di-sec-octyl phthalate; DEHP; Octyl phthalate; phthalic acid dioctyl ester; BEHP cas no: 117-81-7
DI OKTIL FITALAT (DOP)
DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL; Oxybispropanol; Di-sec-alcohol; Bis(2-hydroxy-propyl)ether; CAS NO: 25265-71-8
DI PROPILEN GLIKOL (USP/PHARMA)
Di(propylene glycol) butyl ether; dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-; butyl dipropasol solvent cas no:29911-28-2
DI PROPILEN GLIKOL BUTIL ETER (DPNB)
DIACETONE ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 123-42-2, Nom INCI : DIACETONE ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-626-7, Classification : Alcool Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE)
DESCRIPTION:
Di-(3,5,5-Trimethyl Hexanyl) Peroxide 75% Solution (Nonanoyl Peroxide) is an initiator for (co)polymerization of ethylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidine chloride and (meth)acrylates.

CAS number: 3851-87-4
European Community (EC) Number: 223-356-0
Molecular Formula: C18H34O4



APPLICATIONS OF DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE):
Polymerization of ethylene: Di-(3,5,5-Trimethyl Hexanyl) Peroxide 75% Solution (Nonanoyl Peroxide is an efficient initiator for the ethylene polymerization under high pressure in both autoclave and tubular processes.
To obtain a wide spectrum of polymerization temperatures, combinations with other peroxides are applied in practice.
Polymerization of vinyl chloride: Di-(3,5,5-Trimethyl Hexanyl) Peroxide 75% Solution (Nonanoyl Peroxide can also be applied as an initiator for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in the temperature range 50-70°C.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE)
Chemical family: Organic peroxide
CAS number: 3851-87-4
Physical form
Liquid
Regional availability
Asia Pacific, China, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America
Molecular Weight
314.5
Molecular Weight
314.5 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
6.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
11
Exact Mass
314.24570956 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
314.24570956 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count
22
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
324
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
PSA: 52.60000
XLogP3: 4.91260
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 0.942 g/cm3
Melting Point: 79ºC
Boiling Point: 359.5ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 149.8ºC
Refractive Index: 1.445




SYNONYMS OF DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE):
3,5,5-Trimethylhexanoyl peroxide
3851-87-4
Bis(1-oxo-3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)peroxide
Peroxide, bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-oxohexyl)
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexaneperoxoate
di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide
Bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide
EINECS 223-356-0
Bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-oxohexyl) peroxide
EC 223-356-0
SCHEMBL94333
DTXSID60863279
KFGFVPMRLOQXNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3,5,5-Trimethylhexanoyl peroxide
3851-87-4
Bis(1-oxo-3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)peroxide
Peroxide, bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-oxohexyl)
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexaneperoxoate
di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide
Bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide
EINECS 223-356-0
Bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-oxohexyl) peroxide
EC 223-356-0
SCHEMBL94333
DTXSID60863279
KFGFVPMRLOQXNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N



DI(PROPYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, also known as DPM, is a clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a faint odor.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a solvent that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
The chemical formula for Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is C7H16O3, and its molecular weight is 148.2 g/mol.

CAS Number: 34590-94-8
EC Number: 252-104-2



APPLICATIONS


Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used in the formulation of cleaners and degreasers due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a popular solvent for paints and coatings due to its high solvency power and low toxicity.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is frequently used as a coupling agent in industrial processes, helping to bind different components together.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent for printing inks and dyes due to its excellent solubility.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to improve the strength and durability of the final product.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of electronics, such as printed circuit boards and LCD screens.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacturing of pesticides and herbicides, helping to ensure that these chemicals remain effective over time.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a popular solvent for personal care products such as lotions, shampoos, and cosmetics due to its mildness and low toxicity.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is frequently used in the manufacturing of fragrances and perfumes as a solvent and diluent.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of water-based inks, including those used in inkjet printers and other printing technologies.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of pharmaceuticals, helping to ensure the purity and efficacy of the final product.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacturing of brake fluids, helping to prevent the buildup of rust and other contaminants.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of cutting oils and other industrial lubricants.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of rubber and plastics as a plasticizer and solvent.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of textiles as a dye carrier and solvent.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacturing of water treatment chemicals, helping to ensure that water is safe for human consumption.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of synthetic resins and polymers as a solvent and reaction medium.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of leather and textile coatings, helping to protect these materials from wear and tear.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacturing of metalworking fluids, helping to prevent corrosion and improve performance.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of industrial cleaners and degreasers for use in automotive, aerospace, and other industries.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent for the production of paints and coatings used in the marine industry.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of heat transfer fluids, helping to improve the efficiency of heat transfer processes.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of printing plates for use in the printing industry.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of hydraulic fluids and other lubricants, helping to improve the performance of machinery and equipment.


Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether (DPM) has a wide range of applications in various industries.
Here are some of its applications:

Solvent:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a popular solvent for many organic compounds, including resins, oils, and waxes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used in the production of paints, coatings, inks, and adhesives.


Cleaning agent:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an effective cleaning agent and degreaser, making it a useful ingredient in industrial cleaners.


Coupling agent:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a coupling agent to improve the solubility of polar and nonpolar compounds.


Coalescing agent:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a coalescing agent in the production of latex paints to help the particles come together and form a continuous film.


Solder flux:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the electronics industry as a solvent for solder flux.


Personal care products:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacture of personal care products, such as lotions and perfumes.


Chemical reactions:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an excellent solvent for many organic chemicals, making it a useful solvent in chemical reactions and synthesis.


Adhesives and sealants:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a solvent in the production of adhesives and sealants.


Specialty chemicals:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of specialty chemicals, such as surfactants and plasticizers.


Printing:
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of printing inks.


Pesticides:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and carrier for pesticides.


Cosmetics:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in cosmetic products as a solvent and viscosity regulator.


Automotive industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the automotive industry.


Textile industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the textile industry.


Pharmaceutical industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and carrier in the pharmaceutical industry.


Leather industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the leather industry.


Food industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and carrier in the production of flavorings and fragrances in the food industry.


Chemical manufacturing:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of a variety of chemicals.


Construction:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of construction materials, such as adhesives and sealants.


Paint and coatings industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and coalescing agent in the production of paints and coatings.


Plastics industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of plastics.


Rubber industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of rubber.


Metalworking industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the metalworking industry.


Inks and dyes:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of inks and dyes.


Woodworking industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the woodworking industry.


Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a coalescing agent in the manufacture of latex paints.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is frequently used as a coupling agent in the formulation of various household and industrial cleaning products.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of inks and dyes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a solvent in the manufacture of adhesives and sealants.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent in the production of cosmetics and personal care products, such as lotions and shampoos.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a processing aid in the manufacture of textiles.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of agricultural chemicals and pesticides.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of coatings and varnishes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of resins and polymers.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of photographic chemicals.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of fragrances and flavors.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a diluent in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of printing inks.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a wetting agent in the manufacture of emulsions.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of fuel additives.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of lubricants.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of electronic materials.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of metalworking fluids.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of hydraulic fluids.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of construction materials, such as cement and mortar.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of rubber and plastics.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of cleaning products for the electronics industry.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of textile printing pastes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of wood coatings.



DESCRIPTION


Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, also known as DPM, is a clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a faint odor.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a solvent that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.

The chemical formula for Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is C7H16O3, and its molecular weight is 148.2 g/mol.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is classified as a glycol ether and has the chemical structure CH3O(CH2CH(CH3)O)2H.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a faint, sweet odor.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is soluble in water and many organic solvents.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a glycol ether with a chemical formula of C7H16O3.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a molecular weight of 148.2 g/mol.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent in various applications.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a high boiling point of 190-200°C.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a non-volatile liquid with low vapor pressure.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is stable under normal conditions and has a long shelf life.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a low-toxicity solvent and is considered safe for use in consumer products.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of paints, coatings, and inks.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is also used as a cleaning agent and degreaser.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an effective solvent for resins, waxes, and oils.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a coupling agent to improve the solubility of polar and nonpolar compounds.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is also used as a coalescing agent in the production of latex paints.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a high flash point and is not considered flammable.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used in the electronics industry as a solvent for solder flux.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is also used in the manufacture of personal care products such as lotions and perfumes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an excellent solvent for many organic chemicals and is commonly used in chemical reactions and synthesis.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a low volatility and evaporates slowly.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a solvent in the production of adhesives and sealants.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is compatible with a wide range of plastics, elastomers, and metals.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a useful solvent in the production of specialty chemicals.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a low-toxicity alternative to many other solvents, making it a preferred choice in many applications.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an important solvent in the chemical and manufacturing industries, with a wide range of applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: C7H16O3
Molecular weight: 148.20 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, slightly sweet
Density: 0.944 g/cm³ at 20°C
Boiling point: 169-171 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting point: -73 °C
Flash point: 56.7°C (closed cup)
Vapor pressure: 0.42 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Miscible with water and many organic solvents
Viscosity: 4.4 cP at 25°C
Refractive index: 1.422 at 20°C
Dielectric constant: 7.47 at 25°C
Surface tension: 27.1 mN/m at 20°C
Autoignition temperature: 287°C
pH: Neutral
Heat of vaporization: 44.9 kJ/mol
Heat of combustion: -3.19 MJ/kg
Heat capacity: 201.0 J/(mol·K) at 25°C
Vapor density: 5.1 (air = 1)
Acidity: No acidic groups present
Basicity: No basic groups present
Partition coefficient: Log P = 0.11
Explosive limits: 1.1-8.3%
Oxidizing properties: None known



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Call a physician immediately.


Skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected skin with water.
Use soap and water to wash the skin thoroughly.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.


Eye contact:

Immediately flush the eyes with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a medical professional.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Notes to physician:

Treat symptomatically and supportively.
No specific antidote is available.
Provide appropriate supportive care.


General advice:

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
If in doubt about how to handle a potential poisoning or chemical exposure, contact a poison control center, hospital emergency department, or physician immediately.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Wear appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or coveralls.

Use in a well-ventilated area or use appropriate respiratory protection.
Do not breathe in vapors or mist.
Use only in areas with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed and upright to prevent leaks or spills.

Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizers and acids.
Store in a dedicated storage area with appropriate labeling and signage.


Transportation:

Use appropriate packaging and labeling when transporting Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether.
Follow all regulations for the transportation of hazardous materials.


Disposal:

Dispose of according to local, state, and federal regulations.
Do not pour down the drain or dispose of in regular trash.
Contact a licensed waste disposal company for proper disposal methods.



SYNONYMS


DPM
1-(2-methoxypropoxy)-2-propanol
2-(2-Methoxypropoxy)-1-methylethanol
1-Methoxy-2-(2-propoxy)-propanol
Methyl di(propylene glycol) ether
Dowanol DPM
Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether
Methoxy dipropylene glycol
Propane-1,2-diol, 1-(2-methoxypropoxy)-, methyl ether
Arcosolv DPM
Methyldipropyleneglycol
Polysolv DPM
2-(2-Methoxy-propoxy)-1-methylethanol
Glycol ether DPM
Carbitol PM
Methyldipropyleneglycol monomethyl ether
Methyldipropylene glycol methyl ether
1-(2-Methoxypropoxy)-2-propanol, methyl ether
Poly-Solv DPM
Unisolve DPM
PPG-2 methyl ether
Methyl Carbitol PM
Propylene glycol dimethyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol-1-propoxypropanol
Methyl di(propylene glycol) ether, monoacetate.
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether
Methoxypropoxypropanol
Methyldipropylene glycol monomethyl ether
DOWANOL™ DPM glycol ether
Propylene glycol, methyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether mixture
Poly-Solv™ DPM glycol ether
PPG-2 Methyl Ether Propionate
PPG-2 Methyl Ether Acetate
Methoxy dipropylene glycol methyl ether
2-(2-Methoxy-propoxy)-1-methylethyl acetate
DPM solvent
Polysolv DPM-A glycol ether
Methoxydipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate
Methoxy dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
Methoxypropanol propoxypropanol
Glycol ether DPMA
PPG-2 methyl ether acetate
Methoxydipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoether mixture
Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether mixture
2-(2-Methoxypropoxy)-1-methylethyl propionate
DPM glycol ether acetate
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate
Poly-Solv™ DPM-A glycol ether
Arcosolv™ DPM glycol ether.
DPM
Bis(2-methoxypropyl) ether
Dowanol DPM
Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether
Dipropylene glycol-1-methyl ether
Methoxy dipropylene glycol
Methoxypropoxypropanol
Methyl dipropylene glycol
Methyl di-n-propylene glycol
1-Methoxy-2-propanol-1-methyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol propylene glycol ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, methyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate
1-Methoxy-2-propyl alcohol
2-(2-Methoxypropoxy)-1-propanol
2-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethane
2-Methoxy-1-methylpropyl propylene glycol ether
2-Methoxypropanol-1-methyl ether
Dowanol PM
Methyl dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether
Methoxydipropanol
Propylene glycol methyl ether (mixture of isomers)
Ucar solvent DPM
DIACETONE ALCOHOL
SYNONYMS Poly(DMDAAC/AM);P(AAm-co-DADMAC);Polyquaternium-7(PQ-7);poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammoniumchlor;POLY(ACRYLAMIDE-CO-DIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE);dimethyldialkylammonium chloride/ acrylamide polymer;Acrylamide-Diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymer;POLY(ACRYLAMIDE-CO-DIMETHYL DIALLYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE) CAS NO:26590-05-6
DIACETONE ALCOHOL
Diacetone Alcohol is a ketone.
Diacetone Alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Diacetone Alcohol is less dense than water.


CAS Number: 123-42-2
EC Number: 204-626-7
Molecular Formula: C6H12O2 or (CH3)2C(OH)CH2COCH3


Diacetone Alcohol's Flash point is below 141 °F.
Diacetone Alcohol's vapors are heavier than air.
Diacetone alcohol is a beta-hydroxy ketone formed by hydroxylation of 4-methylpentan-2-one at the 4-position.


Diacetone Alcohol has been isolated from Achnatherum robustum.
Diacetone Alcohol has a role as a plant metabolite.
Diacetone Alcohol is a natural product found in Annona muricata, Bistorta manshuriensis, and other organisms with data available.


Diacetone Alcohol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Diacetone Alcohol is a multifunctional grade, having both a ketone and hydroxyl group.


Diacetone Alcohol acts as a solvent.
Diacetone Alcohol has significantly higher solvent strength than a solvent with similar evaporation time and only one functional group.
Because of the additional hydroxyl group, Diacetone Alcohol is completely miscible with water.


The ketone group makes Diacetone Alcohol an excellent solvent for polar resins.
Diacetone Alcohol is clear, colorless liquid that turns yellow on agng.
Diacetone Alcohol has a pleasant, sweet odorthat is faint minty.


Diacetone Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid
ketone-alcohol.
Diacetone Alcohol (also known as DAA, 4-hydroxy-4methyl-2-pentanone, and diacetone) is a clear, colourless liquid with a mild odour, that is soluble in water and miscible in oil.


Diacetone Alcohol has the formula C6H12O2.
Diacetone Alcohol occurs naturally in the plant Sleepy Grass (achnatherum robustum) and is prepared synthetically for use in the chemical and industrial industries.
Diacetone Alcohol is a solvent and a useful bioactive terpenoid building block found in the essential oil of Mentha rotundifolia.


Diacetone alcohol is an organic compound that is pale yellow liquid with a pleasant odour.
The flashpoint of Diacetone Alcohol is 54 ºC with a boiling range of 150-172ºC, which is quite high.
The flashpoint of Diacetone Alcohol means that it is a volatile, flammable product.


The specific gravity of Diacetone Alcohol is 0.938-0.942.
The liquid is characterised as slow evaporating.
Diacetone alcohol is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.


Diacetone Alcohol is bifunctional ketone in its molecule structure which confers specific properties on it, producing a solvent with a low evaporation rate and good solubility in the main resins on the market for paints, varnishes and printing inks.
Diacetone Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild characteristic odor and can gradually turn yellow during storage.


Diacetone Alcohol is a slow-evaporating hydroxy ketone that is miscible with aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, esters and water.
Diacetone alcohol, abbreviated to DAA, is a synthetic compound.
Diacetone Alcohol is often a chemical intermediate to create other compounds.


The formula of Diacetone Alcohol is CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, and it is very pure.
Diacetone alcohol is colorless with an aromatic odor.
Diacetone Alcohol is an organic compound with a chemical formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2 and also called DAA. Industrially, diacetone alcohols are produced from acetone and have two alcohol groups and a functional group as ketone. Diacetone alcohols are soluble in organic and inorganic compounds.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
Diacetone Alcohol is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, anti-freeze products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), lubricants and greases, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and finger paints.


Other release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Diacetone Alcohol can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.


Other release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Diacetone Alcohol can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, textile treatment products and dyes and adhesives and sealants.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers, adhesives and sealants, air care products, anti-freeze products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), finger paints, fertilisers, plant protection products, perfumes and fragrances and washing & cleaning products.


Other release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers, adhesives and sealants, air care products, anti-freeze products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), finger paints, fertilisers, plant protection products, perfumes and fragrances and washing & cleaning products.


Release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation in materials, manufacturing of the substance, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and building & construction work.


Diacetone Alcohol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products, textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products, pulp, paper and paper products, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in the production of articles, formulation in materials and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Diacetone Alcohol can also be used for the treatment of textiles and leather, in chemical synthesis or as a cleaning solvent.


Diacetone alcohol is mainly used as a solvent in industrial and professional applications in coatings, cleaning, oil and gas filed drilling, lubricants, metal working fluids, polymer processing and water treatment.
Diacetone Alcohol is found in a number of consumer products such as adhesives, inks, paints, household cleaners and agrochemicals.


Diacetone Alcohol is also a chemical intermediate for the preparation of other compounds.
Diacetone Alcohol is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in water based low VOC adhesives.
Uses of Diacetone Alcohol: Intermediate in synthesis of mesityl oxide, hexalene glycol and other organic chemicals.
The principal end uses of Diacetone Alcohol are in industrial coatings, household cleaners, inks, paints, paint removers, paint thinners, pharmaceutical preparations, sealants, primer and pesticides.


Diacetone Alcohol is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Hexylene Glycol.
The main use for Diacetone Alcohol is as a solvent for water-based coatings with approximately 90% of all the DAA produced used in this way.
Diacetone Alcohol can also be added to cellulose ester lacquers where it produces a brilliant gloss and hard film, with little odour.


Diacetone alcohol has many other uses including in the making of artificial silk, leather and imitation gold lead, in gravure printing inks, wood stains, wood preservatives and also in degreasers and metal cleaning compounds.
Diacetone Alcohol is also important as a chemical intermediate as it can be condensed to produce mesityl oxide (MO) and water.


This carbon-carbon double bond of MO is then selectively hydrogenated to produce MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) which is, itself, a valuable industrial solvent.
Diacetone Alcohol is a chemical compound that is liquid and used as a synthetic intermediate in the preparation of other compounds such as cellulose ester lacquers, lacquer thinners and wood stains.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in antifreeze and brake fluids; also used as a solvent to make nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, celluloid, pigments, waxes, and oils.
Diacetone alcohol is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone Alcohol is used as a raw material for high boiling point solvents, paint thinners, wood stains, rust removers and dyes, etc.
This colorless liquid, Diacetone Alcohol, is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.
Diacetone Alcohol is commonly consumed as a solvent in several industrial applications such as in paints & coatings, coatings, drilling fluids, cleaning chemicals, lubricants, and metalworking fluids.


In the chemical industry, diacetone alcohol is used as chemical additives for the production of compounds such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), isopropylidene acetone, phorone and isophorone, hexanediol, and methyl isobutyl alcohol (MIBC).
For production purposes of these compounds, the diacetone alcohol route is preferred majorly over the acetone route as it provides a high yield of the compounds.


Diacetone Alcohol is used as an industrial solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, celluloid, pigments, waxes, fats, and oils, and in antifreeze and brake fluid.
Moreover, Diacetone Alcohol is an oxygenated solvent, finds its roots in Acetone and is also often used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol is mainly used as a solvent in industrial and professional applications in coatings, cleaning, oil and gas field drilling, lubricants, metal working fluids, polymer processing, and water treatment.


-Industrial & DIY Uses:
*Diacetone Alcohol is also used in the making of artificial silk and leather
*Diacetone Alcohol is used component of gravure printing inks, wood stains, and wood preservatives, and can also be found in degreasers and metal cleaning compounds.
*Diacetone alcohol is mainly used as a solvent in industrial and professional applications in coatings, cleaning, oil and gas filed drilling, lubricants, metal working fluids, polymer processing and water treatment.
*Diacetone Alcoholis found in a number of consumer products such as adhesives, inks, paints, household cleaners and agrochemicals.


-Cosmetic Uses:
*fragrance
*solvents


-Industrial-violet:
*Coating - Industrial Coating
*Coating - Leather Treatment
*Coating - Metal Treatment
*Cleaner - Electrical Components
*Process Intermediate - Chemical Products & Intermediates
Solubilization


• SLOW EVAPORATION RATE:
Diacetone Alcohol has one of the most favorable dilution ratios of the nitrocellulose solvents with comparably slow evaporation rates.
• CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATE:
Diacetone alcohol is having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule.
Due to its chemical structure, Diacetone takes part in reactions associated with both hydroxyl and carbonyl compounds.


-ConsumerGoods:
*Coating - Metal - Non-Food Packaging
*Cleaner - Surface Care - Home Care
*Nail Polish & Nail Remover - Skin Care


-FoodIndustry:
*Coating - Metal - Food Packaging
*Printing Inks - Plastics - Food Packaging
-Healthcare:
*Printing Inks - Packaging


• USED AS A SOLVENT:
Diacetone Alcohol is used as a solvent for both hydrogen bonding and polar substances.
Diacetone Alcohol is miscible in water and used as a solvent for water-based coatings.
Diacetone Alcohol is used as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes.
Diacetone Alcohol is also used as a component of solvent blends for nitrocellulose, acrylic, and cellulose acetate lacquers and thinners.


• USED AS A CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATE:
One specific non-solvent application for Diacetone Alcohol is as a chemical intermediate in the production of diacetone acrylamide as is having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule.


• OTHER APPLICATIONS:
Diacetone Alcohol is more suitable for use in applications as a component of gravure printing inks, with proving favorable flow and leveling characteristics.
Other applications for Diacetone Alcohol include metal cleaning compounds, degreasers, stripping aids for textiles, and gum and resin removers in automobile carburetor cleaners.



SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
First identified by Heintz, one standard laboratory preparation of DAA entails the Ba(OH)2-catalyzed condensation of two molecules of acetone.
Diacetone Alcohol undergoes dehydration to give the α,β-unsaturated ketone called mesityl oxide.
Hydrogenation of diacetone alcohol gives hexylene glycol. Condensation with urea give "diacetone-monourea", i.e. the heterocycle 3,4-dihydro- 4,4,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidone.



HOW IS DIACETONE ALCOHOL PRODUCED?
Diacetone Alcohol can be prepared from acetone by the action of the alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide.



STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
Diacetone Alcohol is stored in mild steel and /or stainless steel tanks and/or drums and can be transported by bulk vessels or tank trucks.
Diacetone Alcohol should be stored in an area that is well ventilated and that is away from sunlight, ignition sources, and other forms of heat.
Diacetone Alcohol has a specific gravity of 0.938 and a flashpoint of 59 °C (closed cup).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
Molecular Weight: 116.16
XLogP3-AA: -0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 116.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 94.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Acidity as Acetic Acid. % W/W: 0 – 0.01
Appearance: Clear
Colour. HU: 0 – 30
DAA purity %. W/W: 99.4 – 100
Flash Point °C: 59 – 62
Miscibility (25ml + 225 ml Water): Clear
Specific Gravity 27 °C / 27 °C: 0.931 – 0.937
Water Content % W/W: 0 – 0.1

Physical Form: Liquid
CAS: 123-42-2
Molecular Formula: C6H12O2
MDL Number: 4471
Formula Weight: 116.16g/mol
Vapor Pressure: 1 mmHg at 20°C
Viscosity: 3.22 mPaS at 20°C
Vapor Density: 4
Melting Point: -42.8°C
Boiling Point: 166°C
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92900 to 0.93500 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.730 to 7.780
Refractive Index: 1.41800 to 1.42400 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 164.00 to 166.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1.710000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 4.0 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 143.00 °F. TCC ( 61.67 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.026 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 6.512e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)

Chemical formula: C6H12O2
Molar mass: 116.160 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Odorless
Density: 0.938 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C (−53 °F; 226 K)
Boiling point: 166 °C (331 °F; 439 K)
Solubility in water: moderate
Solubility: most organic solvents
Refractive index (nD): 1.4235
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point: -44 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 166 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,9 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,8 %(V)
Flash point 58 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient:: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0,931 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,01 - (Air = 1.0)
Melting Point: -44°C
Color: Yellow
Boiling Point: 168°C
UN Number: 1148
Quantity: 500 mL
Formula Weight: 116.16
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (GC)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Diacetone Alcohol

Molecular Weight: 116.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H12O2
Appearance: Colorless, Liquid
Freezing Point -47°C (-52.6°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mm Hg: 168°C (334°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup:61-65.6°C (142-150°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 640°C
Density: @ 20°C 0.938 kg/L 7.83 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C: 0.12 kPa
Solubility in Water @ 20°C: Miscible
Surface Tension @ 20°C: 30 dyne/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C: 1.421
Viscosity @ 20°C: 2.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit: 1.8 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit: 6.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C: 20 μS/m
Dielectric Constant @ 20°C: 18.2
Specific Heat @ 20°C: 1.9 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization @: normal
boiling point: 377 J/g
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C: 28.5 kJ/g
Odor Threshold: 0.27 ppm
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1): 0.15



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated lothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, Diacetone alcohol
Diacetone alcohol
4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
123-42-2
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one
Diacetonalkohol
Diketone alcohol
Diacetonalcohol
Diacetone
Pyranton
Tyranton
Acetonyldimethylcarbinol
Diacetone-alcool
Pyranton A
2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one
Diacetonalcool
4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane
Diacetonyl alcohol
2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
4-Idrossi-4-metil-pentan-2-one
Dimethyl acetonyl carbinol
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone-2
Pyraton
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one
NSC 9005
Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone
4-Methyl-2-pentanon-4-ol
Q7WP157PTD
DTXSID6024917
CHEBI:55381
4-Methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone
NSC-9005
(CH3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3
Diacetonealcool
DTXCID304917
Caswell No. 280
CAS-123-42-2
CCRIS 6177
HSDB 1152
EINECS 204-626-7
UN1148
UNII-Q7WP157PTD
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 033901
BRN 1740440
AI3-00045
EC 204-626-7
Diacetone alcohol [UN1148]
SCHEMBL28494
2-Methyl-3-pentanol-4-one
4-01-00-04023 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
DIACETONE ALCOHOL [MI]
4-hydroxy4-methyl-2-pentanone
CHEMBL3182048
DIACETONE ALCOHOL [INCI]
NSC9005
4-methyl-4-oxidanyl-pentan-2-one
ZINC1648359
Tox21_201266
Tox21_303479
BBL027463
LMFA12000071
MFCD00004471
STL146354
AKOS005721167
UN 1148
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 99%
WLN: QX1 & 1 & 1V1
NCGC00249012-01
NCGC00257419-01
NCGC00258818-01
VS-08543
DB-062159
FT-0624587
H0272
EN300-19341
4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE [HSDB]
A805073
Diacetone alcohol
Q421486
4-Hydrxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, analytical standard
J-004939
J-515493
F0001-0366
Diacetone Alcohol
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone
2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one
2-Methyl-4-oxo-2-pentanol
2-4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanon
2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one
2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone-2
Acetonyldimethylcarbinol
Diacetone; Diacetone alcohol
Diacetonyl alcohol
Diketone alcohol
Dimethyl acetonyl carbinol
Pyranton
Pyranton A
Tyranton
UN1148


DIACETONE ALCOHOL
Diacetone alcohol is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
Diacetone alcohol colorless liquid is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol is a colorless liquid.

CAS: 123-42-2
MF: C6H12O2
MW: 116.16
EINECS: 204-626-7

A beta-hydroxy ketone formed by hydroxylation of 4-methylpentan-2-one at the 4-position.
Diacetone alcohol has been isolated from Achnatherum robustum.
A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Flash point below 141°F.
Less dense than water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Diacetone alcohol is bifunctional ketone in its molecule structure which confers specific properties on it, producing a solvent with a low evaporation rate and good solubility in the main resins on the market for paints, varnishes and printing inks.

Diacetone alcohol by Shell Chemicals is a multifunctional grade, having both a ketone and hydroxyl group.
Acts as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol has significantly higher solvent strength than a solvent with similar evaporation time and only one functional group.
Because of the additional hydroxyl group, Diacetone alcohol is completely miscible with water.
The ketone group makes Diacetone alcohol an excellent solvent for polar resins.
Diacetone alcohol used in water based low VOC adhesives.

Diacetone Alcohol Chemical Properties
Melting point: -42.8 °C
Boiling point: 166 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.938 g/mL at 20 °C
Vapor density: 4 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.423(lit.)
Fp: 132 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether (Weast, 1986), and many other solvents, particular ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone.
Pka: 14.57±0.29(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Odor: Mild, pleasant.
Explosive limit: 1.8-6.9%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
λmax: 249nm(lit.)
Merck: 14,2964
BRN: 1740440
Specific Activity: 25-50 mCi/mmol
Solvent: Ethanol
Concentration: 0.1 mCi/ml
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 240 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 2100 ppm (NIOSH).
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, amines, ammonia, strong acids, strong bases, alkalies, aluminium.
LogP: -0.09 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 123-42-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Diacetone alcohol(123-42-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diacetone alcohol (123-42-2)

Physical properties
Clear, watery, flammable liquid with a mild, pleasant, characteristic odor similar to 2-butanone or the pentanones.
Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 1.3 mg/m3 (270 ppbv) and 5.2 mg/m3 (1.1 ppmv), respectively.

Synthesis and reactions
First identified by Heintz, one standard laboratory preparation of Diacetone alcohol entails the Ba(OH)2-catalyzed condensation of two molecules of acetone.

Diacetone alcohol undergoes dehydration to give the α,β-unsaturated ketone called mesityl oxide.
Hydrogenation of diacetone alcohol gives hexylene glycol.
Condensation with urea give "diacetone-monourea", i.e. the heterocycle 3,4-dihydro- 4,4,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidone.

Uses
Solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, celluloid, fats, oils, waxes, resins.
As a preservative in pharmaceutical preparations.
In some antifreeze solutions and in hydraulic fluids.
Diacetone alcohol is available in two grades: a commercial grade containing 15% acetone and an acetone-free grade.
Both solvent grades of diacetone alcohol may acquire a yellow color on aging; both are good solvents for nitrocellulose, cellulose esters, and several other types of resins.
The much slower evaporating diacetone alcohol is similar to acetone in its solvency.
Diacetone alcohol is used in brushing-type cellulose ester lacquers to produce hard and brilliant gloss films.
Diacetone alcohol is also used as lacquer thinner and in coating compositions for paper and textiles.
Mesityl oxide, the unsaturated medium boiling point ketone that is prepared by the dehydration of Diacetone alcohol, will darken and form a solid residue on aging.

Solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, celluloid, fats, oils, waxes, resins.
As a preservative in pharmaceutical preparations.
In some antifreeze solutions and in hydraulic fluids.
Diacetone alcohol is used asa solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate,resins, fats, oils, and waxes; and in hydraulicfluids and antifreeze solutions.

Diacetone alcohol is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where Diacetone alcohol is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.

Production Methods
Diacetone alcohol is manufactured through the action of barium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide on acetone.
Commercial materials may contain up to 15%acetone.

Reactivity Profile
Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water.
Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions.
Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives.
Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid.

Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive.
They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions.
Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites.
They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat.
Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites.
Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents.
Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence.

Health Hazard
Vapor is irritating to the mucous membrane of the eye and respiratory tract.
Inhalation can cause dizziness, nausea, some anesthesia.
Very high concentrations have a narcotic effect.
The liquid is not highly irritating to the skin but can cause dermatitis.
Diacetone alcohol is a mildirritant and a strong narcotic.
Diacetone alcohol can causeirritation in the eyes, nose, throat, and skin.
The effect on humans, however, is mild at100 ppm concentration.
Animal experiments indicated that Diacetone alcohol couldproduce sleep after a period of restlessnessand excitement.
The symptoms of Diacetone alcohol's toxicity are a marked decrease in breathing andblood pressure, and relaxation of the muscles.
Ingestion of Diacetone alcohol in highdoses can damage corneal tissue and liver.

Synonyms
Diacetone alcohol
4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
123-42-2
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one
Diacetonalkohol
Diketone alcohol
Diacetonalcohol
Diacetone
Pyranton
Tyranton
Acetonyldimethylcarbinol
Diacetone-alcool
Pyranton A
Diacetonalcool
2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one
Diacetonyl alcohol
4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane
2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
4-Idrossi-4-metil-pentan-2-one
Dimethyl acetonyl carbinol
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone-2
Caswell No. 280
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one
NSC 9005
CCRIS 6177
Pyraton
Diacetonalcohol [Dutch]
Diacetonalcool [Italian]
Diacetonalkohol [German]
HSDB 1152
Diacetone-alcool [French]
UNII-Q7WP157PTD
EINECS 204-626-7
Q7WP157PTD
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 033901
BRN 1740440
DTXSID6024917
CHEBI:55381
AI3-00045
Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
NSC-9005
UN1148
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone
4-Methyl-2-pentanon-4-ol
DTXCID304917
4-Idrossi-4-metil-pentan-2-one [Italian]
4-Methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone
EC 204-626-7
4-01-00-04023 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on [German, Dutch]
(CH3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3
Diacetonealcool
Diacetone alcohol [UN1148] [Flammable liquid]
CAS-123-42-2
Diactone alcool
diacetone-alcohol
4-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one
Diacetonalkohol(german)
DAA (CHRIS Code)
SCHEMBL28494
2-Methyl-3-pentanol-4-one
Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
DIACETONE ALCOHOL [MI]
4-hydroxy4-methyl-2-pentanone
CHEMBL3182048
DIACETONE ALCOHOL [INCI]
4-hydroxyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone
NSC9005
2-pentanona, 4-hidroxi-4-metil-
4-methyl-4-oxidanyl-pentan-2-one
Tox21_201266
Tox21_303479
BBL027463
LMFA12000071
LS-681
MFCD00004471
NA1148
STL146354
AKOS005721167
UN 1148
4- hydroxy- 4- methylpentan- 2- one
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 99%
WLN: QX1 & 1 & 1V1
NCGC00249012-01
NCGC00257419-01
NCGC00258818-01
VS-08543
FT-0624587
H0272
PENTAN-2-ONE, 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-
EN300-19341
4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE [HSDB]
4-Hydroksy-4-metyl-2-pentanon (Diacetonalkohol)
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on(GERMAN, DUTCH)
A805073
Diacetone alcohol [UN1148] [Flammable liquid]
Q421486
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, analytical standard
DIACETONE ALCOHOL, (FLAMMABLE LIQUID LABEL)
J-004939
J-515493
Diacetone alcohol (4-Hydroxy-4-methyl- 2-pentanone)
DIACETONE ALCOHOL, (COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID LABEL)
F0001-0366
Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-; (Diacetone alcohol)
InChI=1/C6H12O2/c1-5(7)4-6(2,3)8/h8H,4H2,1-3H
Diacetone Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA)
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is colourless and odourless and has a low evaporation rate.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a colorless liquid.


CAS Number: 123-42-2
EC Number: 204-626-7
Chemical formula: C6H12O2



4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, Diacetone alcohol, (CH3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3, 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone, 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one, 2-Methyl-3-pentanol-4-one, 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-ON, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on, Diaceton alcohol, Alcohol de diacetona, Diacétone alcool, Álcool de diacetona, Diaceton-alkohol, Diacetone alcohol, DAA, Diacetone alcohol, 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-hyroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one, 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, Acetonyldimethylcarbinol, Diacetone, Diacetonyl Alcohol, Dimethyl Acetonyl Carbinol, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone, 2-methyl-2-pentanol-4-one, 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 4-hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-hydroxyl-2-keto-4-ethylpentane, acetonyldimethylcarbinol, DAA, diacetone alcohol, diacetone alcohol, acetone free, diacetonyl alcohol, dicetone alcohol, diketone alcohol, G50CB116, pyranton, pyranton A, reducer, tyranton, 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, DAA, 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE, Diacetone, 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYLPENTAN-2-ONE, Tyranton, Diketone alcohol, Acetonyldimethylcarbinol, Pyranton a, Diacetone alcohol,



Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is available in two grades: a commercial grade containing 15% acetone and an acetone-free grade.
Both solvent grades of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) may acquire a yellow color on aging; both are good solvents for nitrocellulose, cellulose esters, and several other types of resins.


The much slower evaporating Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is similar to acetone in its solvency.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a colourless liquid.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has been isolated from Achnatherum robustum.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Flash point of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is below 141°F.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is less dense than water.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA)'s vapors are heavier than air.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is soluble in water.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is made from aldol condensation reaction of acetone.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent used in painting, can coating, optical discs and IT related products manufacturing.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other chemical compounds.
In addition, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can serve as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes.


In order to develop and maintain our Diacetone alcohol (DAA) market in Europe, TASCO had REACH pre-registration certificate of DAA product.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is made from acetone through aldol condensation reaction.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol and ketone functions.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has a high purity.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is colourless and odourless and has a low evaporation rate.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound sometimes called DAA.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol and ketone functions.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has a high purity.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is colourless and odourless and has a low evaporation rate.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a multifunctional grade, having both a ketone and hydroxyl group.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) acts as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has significantly higher solvent strength than a solvent with similar evaporation time and only one functional group.


Because of the additional hydroxyl group, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is completely miscible with water.
The ketone group makes Diacetone alcohol (DAA) an excellent solvent for polar resins.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is bifunctional ketone in its molecule structure which confers specific properties on it, producing a solvent with a low evaporation rate and good solubility in the main resins on the market for paints, varnishes and printing inks.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colorless liquid ketone-alcohol.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
This colorless liquid, Diacetone alcohol (DAA), is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a synthetic compound.
The fluid is often a chemical intermediate to create other compounds.
The formula is CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, and it is very pure.


Moreover, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent, finds its roots in Acetone and is also often used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colorless liquid ketone-alcohol.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta-hydroxy ketones.


These are ketones containing a hydroxyl group attached to the beta-carbon atom, relative to the C=O group.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta-hydroxy ketones.
These are ketones containing a hydroxyl group attached to the beta-carbon atom, relative to the C=O group.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a synthetic compound.


The fluid, Diacetone alcohol (DAA), is often a chemical intermediate to create other compounds.
The formula is CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, and Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is very pure.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) appears as a colorless liquid with a faint, minty odor.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a versatile solvent that has a slow evaporation rate, low viscosity, and is soluble with most organic substances.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) offers low toxicity, low volatility, and good stability.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colorless liquid ketone-alcohol.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a diacetone alcohol.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) offers high solvent power and slow evaporation rate.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a solvent evaporating ketone which can reduce VOC emissions.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has low volatility.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is completely miscible in water.


Diacetone Alcohol (DAA) is a unique solvent for water-based coatings.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is mainly used for the solvent of a variety of liquid cationic dyes and coatings industry resins.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has many other uses including in the making of artificial silk, leather and imitation gold lead, in gravure printing inks, wood stains, wood preservatives and also in degreasers and metal cleaning compounds.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also important as a chemical intermediate as it can be condensed to produce mesityl oxide (MO) and water.
This carbon-carbon double bond of MO is then selectively hydrogenated to produce MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) which is, itself, a valuable industrial solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has slow evaporation rates.


The production volume of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) in Japan is 3,236 tonnes/year in past years.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is produced under the well-controlled closed system, amount of release to air phase is negligibly small.
The waste of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) from the production system is released to water phase after treated its own wastewater treatment plant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can prepare metal cleaners, wood preservatives, preservatives for photographic films and medicines, antifreeze, hydraulic oil solvents, extractants and fiber finishing agents, etc.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is widely used as a solvent for electrostatic spray paint, celluloid, nitrocellulose, fat, grease, wax and resin, etc.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is mainly used in paints and coatings (coil coatings, wood varnishes, architectural coatings…).
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent for organic peroxides and can also be used for the treatment of textiles and leather, in chemical synthesis, or as a cleaning solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent and paint remover for cellulose ester paint, printing ink, synthetic resin coating, etc.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also used in lacquer thinners, wood staines, dopes, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial leather and silk and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an excellent organic solvent and is mainly used in coatings, can coatings, optical discs and related IT products.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.
This colorless liquid, Diacetone alcohol (DAA), is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is mainly used in paints and coatings (coil coatings, wood varnishes, architectural coatings…).


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent for organic peroxides and can also be used for the treatment of textiles and leather, in chemical synthesis, or as a cleaning solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in water based low VOC adhesives.


The principal end uses of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) are in industrial coatings, household cleaners, inks, paints, paint removers, paint thinners, pharmaceutical preparations, sealants, primer and pesticides.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Hexylene Glycol.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol and ketone functionalities.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is the solvent of choice for many inks and coatings, including coil coatings, wood varnishes, and architectural coatings.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also used in the treatment of textiles and leather and is an excellent cleaning solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent for many organic peroxides.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is found in the highest concentration in cow milk but it has also been detected, not quantified, in several different foods, such as fruits, mung beans, papaya, and soybeans.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes, in coating compositions for paper and textiles, permanent markers, in making artificial silk and leather, in imitation gold leaf, in celluloid cements, as a preservative for animal tissue, in metal cleaning compounds, in the manufacture of photographic film, and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a colorless liquid, used as a solvent and a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds.
Moreover, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent, finds its roots in Acetone and is also often used as a solvent.
The principal end uses of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) are in industrial coatings, household cleaners, inks, paints, paint removers, paint thinners, pharmaceutical preparations, sealants, primer and pesticides.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is commercially used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and a hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Hexylene Glycol.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used paints, Coatings, Solvent, Chemical Synthesis, Cleaners.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds and is also used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colourless liquid with a mild odour, that is soluble in water and miscible in oil.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has the formula C6H12O2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) occurs naturally in the plant Sleepy Grass (achnatherum robustum) and is prepared synthetically for use in the chemical and industrial industries.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent in industrial applications like for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, various oils In resins, waxes, fats, dyes, lacquers, coating compositions.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in wood preservatives and water treatment.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in consumer products such as adhesives, inks, paints, household cleaners and agrochemicals.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in metal cleaning compounds, hydraulic compression fluids, in textiles.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of other compounds.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent for both hydrogen bonding and polar substances.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is miscible in water and used as a solvent for water-based coatings.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can be prepared from acetone by the action of alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide, and barium hydroxide.


Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is a valuable industrial solvent produced commercially in a three-stage process from an acetone feedstock.
First, acetone is dimerized to produce Diacetone alcohol (DAA)). Second, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) undergoes a condensation reaction to produce mesityl oxide (MO) and water.


Third, the carbon-carbon double bond of MO is selectively hydrogenated to produce MIBK.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is more suitable for use in applications as a component of gravure printing inks, with proving favorable flow and leveling characteristics.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA), having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule is used as a chemical intermediate.
Over 90% of the Diacetone alcohol (DAA) produced is used as a coatings solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used asa solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate,resins, fats, oils, and waxes; and in hydraulicfluids and antifreeze solutions.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used Solvent for pigments, cellulose, resins, oils, fats, and hydrocarbons; hydraulic brake fluid; antifreeze.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, celluloid, fats, oils, waxes, resins.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a preservative in pharmaceutical preparations.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in some antifreeze solutions and in hydraulic fluids.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in brushing-type cellulose ester lacquers to produce hard and brilliant gloss films.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also used as lacquer thinner and in coating compositions for paper and textiles.
Mesityl oxide, the unsaturated medium boiling point ketone that is prepared by the dehydration of Diacetone alcohol (DAA), will darken and form a solid residue on aging.



FEATURES OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
*Colorless and odorless liquid
*Soluble in organic solvents
*Free from foreign matters



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
*Tertiary alcohols
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
*Beta-hydroxy ketone
*Tertiary alcohol
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PRODUCTION METHODS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is manufactured through the action of barium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide on acetone.
Commercial materials may contain up to 15% acetone.



HOW IS DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA) PRODUCED?
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can be prepared from acetone by the action of the alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide.



STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is stored in mild steel and /or stainless steel tanks and/or drums and can be transported by bulk vessels or tank trucks.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) should be stored in an area that is well ventilated and that is away from sunlight, ignition sources, and other forms of heat.
For transportation purposes, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) comes into packing group III, hazard class 3.3 and is an irritant.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has a specific gravity of 0.938 and a flashpoint of 59 °C (closed cup).



WHAT IS DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA) USED FOR?
The main use for Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is as a solvent for water-based coatings with approximately 90% of all the DAA produced used in this way.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can also be added to cellulose ester lacquers where it produces a brilliant gloss and hard film, with little odour.



OCCURRENCE AND USE OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as an industrial solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, celluloid, pigments, waxes, fats, and oils, and in antifreeze and brake fluid.
The odor threshold has been reported to be near 0.3 ppm.



SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
First identified by Heintz, one standard laboratory preparation of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) entails the Ba(OH)2-catalyzed condensation of two molecules of acetone.
It undergoes dehydration to give the α,β-unsaturated ketone called mesityl oxide.
Hydrogenation of diacetone alcohol gives hexylene glycol.
Condensation with urea give "diacetone-monourea", i.e. the heterocycle 3,4-dihydro- 4,4,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidone.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
CAS Number: 123-42-2
Beilstein Reference: 1740440
EC Number: 204-626-7
Chemical formula: C6H12O2
Molar mass: 116.160 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Odorless
Density: 0.938 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C (−53 °F; 226 K)
Boiling point: 166 °C (331 °F; 439 K)
Solubility in water: moderate
Solubility: most organic solvents
Refractive index (nD): 1.4235

Molecular Weight: 116.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H12O2
Appearance Colorless: Liquid
Freezing Point: -47°C (-52.6°F)
Boiling Point: @ 760mm Hg 168°C (334°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup: 61-65.6°C (142-150°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 640°C
Density: @ 20°C 0.938 kg/L
7.83 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure: @ 20°C 0.12 kPa
Solubility in Water: @ 20°C Miscible
Surface Tension: @ 20°C 30 dyne/cm
Refractive Index: @ 20°C 1.421

Viscosity: @ 20°C 2.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit: 1.8 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit: 6.9 v/v%
Conductivity: @ 20°C 20 μS/m
Dielectric Constant: @ 20°C 18.2
Specific Heat: @ 20°C 1.9 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization: @ normal boiling point: 377 J/g
Heat of Combustion: @ 25°C 28.5 kJ/g
Odor Threshold: 0.27 ppm
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1): 0.15
Water Solubility: 145 g/L
logP: 0.04
logP: 0.22
logS: 0.1
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 15.21
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2.7

Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Refractivity: 31.65 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 12.76 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C6H12O2

IUPAC name: 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H12O2/c1-5(7)4-6(2,3)8/h8H,4H2,1-3H3
InChI Key: SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O
Average Molecular Weight: 116.1583
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 116.083729628
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: -44 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 166 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,9 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,8 %(V)

Flash point: 58 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0,931 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,01 - (Air = 1.0)
Formula: (CH3)2C(OH)CH2COCH3
CAS number: 123-42-2
Form: Colorless, flammable liquid with pleasant odor
Molecular weight: 116.16
Boiling point: 168°C
Melting point: -43°C
Specific gravity: 0.94
Vapor pressure: 1.2 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Miscible in water
Melting point: -42.8 °C
Boiling point: 166 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.938 g/mL at 20 °C

vapor density: 4 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.423(lit.)
Flash point: 132 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether,
and many other solvents,
particular ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone.
pka: 14.57±0.29(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
Odor: Mild, pleasant.
Evaporation Rate: 0.14
Relative density, gas (air=1): 4.01
explosive limit: 1.8-6.9%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE

λmax: 249nm(lit.)
Merck: 14,2964
BRN: 1740440
Specific Activity: 25-50 mCi/mmol
Solvent: Ethanol
Concentration: 0.1 mCi/ml
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 240 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 2100 ppm (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant: 18.2(Ambient)
Stability: Stable.
LogP: -0.09 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: DIACETONE ALCOHOL
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 123-42-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: Q7WP157PTD
NIST Chemistry Reference: 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one(123-42-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (123-42-2)



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


DIALLYL PHTHALATE
DESCRIPTION:

Diallyl phthalate is a clear pale-yellow liquid.
Diallyl phthalate is Odorless.
Diallyl phthalate is a phthalate ester.

CAS: 131-17-9
European Community (EC) Number: 205-016-3
IUPAC Name: bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Molecular Formula: C14H14O4
Molecular Weight: 246.26



Diallyl phthalate is of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride.
Diallyl phthalate is found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
Diallyl phthalate is hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors.
Diallyl phthalate is being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns.

Diallyl Phthalate resin is a filled thermoset resin recommended for mounting moderately hard materials and provides good edge retention.
Diallyl Phthalate is available as either glass or mineral filled.

Diallyl phthalate (DAP) and diallyl iso-phthalate (DAIP) are thermosetting ester resins produced by the reaction of allyl alcohol with ortho-phthalic anhydride and meta-phthalic anhydride, respectively.
The cured resins have excellent electrical insulating properties including high insulation resistance and low electrical losses, even when subjected to to high heat and humidity over long periods of time.
Diallyl Phthalate also have excellent dimensional stability and do not warp in high-heat applications.
Furthermore, Diallyl Phthalate has low moisture absorption, excellent weathering properties, and good chemical resistance to many chemicals and solvents including aliphatic hydrocarbons, oils, alcohols, acids, and alkalis.

The monomers are often used as cross-linking agents in unsaturated (alkyd) polyester resins.
As polymers, DAP and DAIP prepolymers are mainly used as molding resins for electrical and electronic parts such as switches, connectors, control panels, circuit breakers, terminal boards, resistors, and insulators.
Other (potential) applications include laminates, prepregs, headlight lamp reflectors, bathtubs, sinks, appliance handles and control knobs.




USES OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Diallyl Phthalate is used both for the monomeric and polymeric forms.
Diallyl Phthalate is used as a cross-linking agent in unsaturated polyester resins.
As a polymer, Diallyl Phthalate is used in the production of thermosetting molding powders, casting resins and laminates.

This is the material of choice for critical, high-performance military and commercial electrical components where long-term reliability is demanded due to its ability to retain its superior insulating properties, even when subjected to extreme environmental conditions of high heat and high humidity over long time periods.
Additionally, Diallyl Phthalate compounds will resist dimensional change in high-heat soldering environments where competitive materials may warp.





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product





CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Molecular Weight 246.26 g/mol
XLogP3 3.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 8
Exact Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count 18
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 290
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Chemical NameDiallyl Phthalate
CAS Number131-17-9
Molecular FormulaC₁₄H₁₄O₄
AppearanceClear Colourless Oil
Molecular Weight246.26
Storage: 4°C, Light sensitive, Light sensitive
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Category: Building Blocks; Miscellaneous; Phthalates;
Applications: Diallyl Phthalate is used as a reagent in ring-closing ruthenium based reactions.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.12000 to 1.12200 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.330 to 9.347
Refractive Index: 1.51600 to 1.52000 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 329.07 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 1.160000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.230
Soluble in:
water, 182 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
water, 43.27 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)


SYNONYMS OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
DIALLYL PHTHALATE
131-17-9
Allyl phthalate
Diallylphthalate
Dapon 35
Dapon R
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester
Phthalic Acid Diallyl Ester
o-Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
NCI-C50657
NSC 7667
bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
Di-2-propenyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
phthalic acid, bis-allyl ester
CCRIS 1361
25053-15-0
HSDB 4169
Diallylester phthalic acid
EINECS 205-016-3
143318-73-4
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
UNII-F79L0UL6ST
BRN 1880877
F79L0UL6ST
AI3-02574
DTXSID7020392
DIPROP-2-ENYL BENZENE-1,2-DICARBOXYLATE
NSC-7667
EC 205-016-3
4-09-00-03188 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID70392
CAS-131-17-9
DAP monomer
di-allyl phthalate
Phtalate de diallyle
MFCD00008646
Phthalic acid diallyl
Diallyl phthalate, 97%
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicaciddi-2-propenylester
SCHEMBL15174
o-phthalic acid diallyl ester
Diallyl ester o-phthalic acid
MLS002415725
Diallyl ester of phthalic acid
WLN: 1U2OVR BVO2U1
Diallyl Phthalate Monomer, DAP
RX 1-501N (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1329372
DIALLYL PHTHALATE [HSDB]
NSC7667
HMS2267F17
LS-30
RX 3-1-530 (Salt/Mix)
Tox21_201961
Tox21_300135
Nonflammable decobest DA (Salt/Mix)
Diallyl phthalate, analytical standard
AKOS015891274
NCGC00091365-01
NCGC00091365-02
NCGC00091365-03
NCGC00091365-04
NCGC00254197-01
NCGC00259510-01
BS-14891
SMR001253767
FT-0624597
P0290
F87052
J-005948
Q2161731
1,2-bis(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
1,2-di-2-Propen-1-yl Ester 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid
di-2-Propenyl Ester 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid
Allyl Phthalate
DAP Monomer
DAP-M
DT 170
Daiso DAP Monomer
Dap Tohto DT 170
Dapon R
Dappu
Diallyl Phthalate
NSC 7667


DIALLYL PHTHALATE
DESCRIPTION:
Diallyl phthalate is a clear pale-yellow liquid and Odorless.
Diallyl phthalate is a phthalate ester.
Phthalate esters are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride.

CAS:131-17-9
European Community (EC) Number:205-016-3
Molecular Formula: C14H14O4
IUPAC Name: bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate

Diallyl phthalate is found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
Diallyl phthalate is hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors.
Diallyl phthalate is being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns.

The term Diallyl phthalate is used both for the monomeric and polymeric forms.
The monomer is used as a cross-linking agent in unsaturated polyester resins.
As a polymer, Diallyl phthalate is used in the production of thermosetting molding powders, casting resins and laminates.

This is the material of choice for critical, high-performance military and commercial electrical components where long-term reliability is demanded due to its ability to retain its superior insulating properties, even when subjected to extreme environmental conditions of high heat and high humidity over long time periods.
Additionally, Diallyl phthalate compounds will resist dimensional change in high-heat soldering environments where competitive materials may warp.
Diallyl phthalate has high hardness and superior chemical resistance.
Diallyl phthalate is excellent for applications where edge retention is a concern.
Copper diallyl phthalate is electrically conductive for SEM and spectrometer applications.

Diallyl phthalate is a phthalate ester.
Phthalate esters are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride.

Diallyl phthalate is found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
Diallyl phthalate is hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors.
Diallyl phthalate is being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns.

APPLICATIONS OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Diallyl phthalate is used as Cross-linking agent
Diallyl phthalate is used as thermosetting molding powders
Diallyl phthalate is used as casting resins, and laminates

Diallyl phthalate is used in military
Diallyl phthalate is used in electronic components.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Molecular Weight 246.26 g/mol
XLogP3 3.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 8
Exact Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count 18
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 290
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
vapor density: 8.3 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100
vapor pressure:2.3 mmHg ( 150 °C)
Assay:97%
Form: liquid
autoignition temp.:725 °F
refractive index: n20/D 1.519 (lit.)
bp: 165-167 °C/5 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.121 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Physical state Colorless, transparent liquid
Melting point –70 ºC
Boiling point 157 ºC at 6.7 hPa*
Relative density 1.12
Vapour pressure 2.13 × 10–4 hPa at 25 ºC
Water solubility 148 mg/L at 20 ºC (pH 6.9–7.3)
Partition coefficient noctanol/water (log value)
3.23 at 20 ºC
Henry’s law constant 3.86 × 10-7 atm-m³/mole Estimated by EPI WIN 3.11**
Flash point 166 ºC (closed cup)
Melting Point -70°C
Density 1.12
Boiling Point 160°C to 163°C (4mmHg)
Flash Point 166°C (330°F)
Odor Pungent, Makes Eyes Water
Refractive Index 1.519
Quantity 500 g
UN Number UN3082
Beilstein 1880877
Formula Weight 246.27
Density (g/cm3).:1.6
Surface Hardness:RM90
Tensile Strength (MPa): 45
Flexural Modulus (GPa): 6.8
Notched Izod (kJ/m): 0.38
Linear Expansion (/°C x 10-5): 3.4
Elongation at Break (%): 1.1
Max. Operating Temp. (°C): 160
Water Absorption (%): 0.3
Oxygen Index (%): 25
Flammability UL94:HB
Volume Resistivity (log ohm.cm): 15
Dielectric Strength (MV/m): 16
Dissipation Factor1kHz: 0.035
Dielectric Constant 1kHz: 5
HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C): 260+
HDT @ 1.80 MPa (°C): 170
Material Drying hrs @ °C: 4 @ 40
Melting Temp. Range (°C): 60 - 90
Mould Shrinkage (%): 0.6
Mould Temp. Range (°C): 150 - 180

SYNONYMS OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
DIALLYL PHTHALATE
131-17-9
Allyl phthalate
Diallylphthalate
Dapon 35
Dapon R
Phthalic Acid Diallyl Ester
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester
o-Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
NCI-C50657
NSC 7667
bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
Di-2-propenyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
phthalic acid, bis-allyl ester
25053-15-0
F79L0UL6ST
143318-73-4
DTXSID7020392
DIPROP-2-ENYL BENZENE-1,2-DICARBOXYLATE
NSC-7667
DTXCID70392
CAS-131-17-9
CCRIS 1361
HSDB 4169
Diallylester phthalic acid
EINECS 205-016-3
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
UNII-F79L0UL6ST
BRN 1880877
AI3-02574
DAP monomer
di-allyl phthalate
MFCD00008646
Phthalic acid diallyl
Diallyl phthalate, 97%
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicaciddi-2-propenylester
EC 205-016-3
SCHEMBL15174
4-09-00-03188 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Diallyl ester o-phthalic acid
MLS002415725
Diallyl ester of phthalic acid
WLN: 1U2OVR BVO2U1
Diallyl Phthalate Monomer, DAP
RX 1-501N (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1329372
DIALLYL PHTHALATE [HSDB]
NSC7667
HMS2267F17
RX 3-1-530 (Salt/Mix)
Tox21_201961
Tox21_300135
Nonflammable decobest DA (Salt/Mix)
Diallyl phthalate, analytical standard
AKOS015891274
NCGC00091365-01
NCGC00091365-02
NCGC00091365-03
NCGC00091365-04
NCGC00254197-01
NCGC00259510-01
BS-14891
SMR001253767
FT-0624597
P0290
J-005948
Q2161731
1,2-bis(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propen-1-yl ester [ACD/Index Name]
1,2-Bis(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
131-17-9 [RN]
205-016-3 [EINECS]
25053-15-0 [RN]
CZ4200000
Diallyl phthalate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Diallyl phthalate resin
Diallyl-phthalat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
diprop-2-en-1-yl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
MFCD00008646 [MDL number]
Phtalate de diallyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester (8CI)
[131-17-9] [RN]
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicaciddi-2-propenylester
124743-27-7 [RN]
143318-73-4 [RN]
3,5-diiodo-2-methyl benzoic acid
3,5-Diiodo-2-methylbenzoic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-09-00-03188 [Beilstein]
4-09-00-03188 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
ALLYL PHTHALATE
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diallyl ester
bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
C049098
Dap
DAP monomer
Dapon R
dapon r.
Di-2-propenyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
diallyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diallyl ester of phthalic acid
Diallyl ester o-phthalic acid
Diallyl Phthalate Monomer, DAP
Diallyl phthalic acid
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
diallylester phthalic acid
DIALLYLPHTHALATE
diprop-2-enyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
EINECS 205-016-3
NCGC00091365-02
Nonflammable decobest da
Nonflammable decobest DA (Salt/Mix)
o-phthalic acid diallyl ester
o-Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
phthalic acid diallyl ester
Phthalic acid, bis-allyl ester
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
POLY(DIALLYL PHTHALATE)
prop-2-enyl 2-(prop-2-enyloxycarbonyl)benzoate
RX 1-501N (Salt/Mix)
RX 3-1-530 (Salt/Mix)
ST5405391
WLN: 1U2OVR BVO2U1



DIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE/PROPENAMIDE COPOLYMER
DIAMMONIUM CITRATE, N° CAS : 3012-65-5, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM CITRATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium hydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 221-146-3, Ses fonctions (INCI), Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques
DIAMMONIUM CITRATE
DIAMMONIUM DITHIODIGLYCOLATE, N° CAS : 68223-93-8, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM DITHIODIGLYCOLATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium 2,2'-dithiodiacetate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 269-323-4 ,Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis
DIAMMONIUM DITHIODIGLYCOLATE
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate; Phosphoric Acid, Diammonium Salt; DAP; Diammonium hydrogenphosphate; Diammonium phosphate; Ammonium hydrogen phosphate; AMMONIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE DIBASIC; AMMONIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE TS/RS; DAP; DI-AMMONIUM HYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE; DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; DI-AMMONIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE (SEC); DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; FYREX; PHOSPHORUS ICP STANDARD; SEC-AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; SEC AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; ammoniummonohydrogenorthophosphate; diammonium; diammoniumacidphosphate; diammoniummonohydrogenphosphate; diammoniumorthophosphate CAS NO:7783-28-0
DIAMMONIUM PERSULFATE ( AMMONIUM PERSULFATE)
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2S2O8.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a colourless (white) salt that is highly soluble in water, much more so than the related potassium salt.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a strong oxidizing agent that is used as a catalyst in polymer chemistry, as an etchant, and as a cleaning and bleaching agent.

CAS: 7727-54-0
MF: H8N2O8S2
MW: 228.2
EINECS: 231-786-5

Synonyms
AP;APS;AMMONIUM PEROXODISULFATE;AMMONIUM PEROXODISULPHATE;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE, POUCHES;Ammonium persulfat;7727-54-0;Ammonium peroxydisulfate;Diammonium peroxydisulfate;Diammonium peroxydisulphate;Diammonium persulfate;Diammonium peroxodisulphate;Ammonium persulphate;Persulfate d'ammonium;Ammonium peroxodisulfate;CCRIS 1430;Ammonium peroxydisulphate;EINECS 231-786-;PEROXYDISULFURIC ACID, DIAMMONIUM SALT;UNII-22QF6L357F;HSDB 7985;22QF6L357F;Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), diammonium salt;DTXSID9029691;EC 231-786-5;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE (MART.);AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [MART.];Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), ammonium salt (1:2);Persulfate d'ammonium [French];diammonium ((sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl)oxidanide;diammonium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide;UN1444;ammonium persuiphate;ammonium per sulphate;PANREAC PA;ammonium peroxidisulfate;ammonium persulphate-d8;diazanium;sulfonatooxy sulfate;Bis(Ammonium) Peroxodisulfate;DTXCID209691;AMMONIUM PEROXIDODISULFATE;ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [INCI];AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [VANDF];Tox21_201161;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE [MI];AKOS025243328;NCGC00258713-01;CAS-7727-54-0;Ammonium persulfate [UN1444] [Oxidizer];AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE ((NH4)2S2O8);Ammonium peroxydisulfate, Electrophoresis Grade;D95341

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is white, odorless single crystal, the formula is (NH4) 2S2O8, it has strong oxidation and corrosion, when heated, it decomposes easily, moisture absorption is not easy, it is soluble in water, the solubility increases in warm water, it can hydrolyze into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution.
The dry product has good stability, storage is easy, and Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) has the advantage of convenience and safety and so on.
When heated to 120 °C, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can decompose, it is easily damped and it can cake in moist air.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is mainly used as an oxidizing agent and the preparation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and other persulfate.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as free initiator of polymerization reaction, particularly vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization of polymerizable compound and redox polymerization.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used to prepare aniline dyes and dye oxidation and electroplating industry, photographic industry and chemical analysis.
For food-grade, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as metal etchant, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching at low temperature and desizing, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick bound to accelerate, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is non-flammable, but it can release of oxygen, so it has the role of combustion-supporting, storage environment must be dry and clean, and well-ventilated.
People should pay attention to moisture and rain, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should not be transported in rain.
Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should keep sealed packaging, clear and intact labels.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, a small amount of metal, and other reducing substances, it should avoid be mixed to prevent the decomposition of ammonium persulfate and cause explosion.
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents and hair bleaches.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used as a hair bleaching agent.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) may induce irritant dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
A white crystalline solid.
A strong oxidizing agent.
Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials.
Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 120 °C
Density: 1.98
Vapor density: 7.9 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.50
Storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
Solubility H2O: soluble
Form: powder
Color: White to yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.982
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 1 - 2
PH: 1.0-2.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Water Solubility: 582 g/L (20 ºC) decomposes
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
Merck: 14,541
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Oxidizing. May ignite combustible material. Incompatible with bases, combustible material, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy compounds, silver compounds, zinc. May decompose upon exposure to water or moist air.
InChIKey: ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 7727-54-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) (7727-54-0)

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is soluble in water, the solubility is 58.2g/100ml water at 0℃.

Uses
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as analytical reagents, photographic fixing agent and reducing agent.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as food preservative, oxidizing agent and initiator of high-molecular polymer.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as raw material of producting persulfate and hydrogen peroxide in chemical industry, inhibitor of polymerization organic polymer, initiator of during the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can also be used as corrodent in plate metals cutting eclipse and oil extraction in oil industry.
For food-grade, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used for flour modifier (Limited ≤0.3g/kg, the Japanese standard, 1999); Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungicide (limit 0.1%, FAO/WHO, 1984).

As oxidizer and bleacher; to remove hypo; reducer and retarder in photography; in dyeing, manufacture of aniline dyes; oxidizer for copper; etching zinc; decolorizing and deodorizing oils; electroplating; washing infected yeast; removing pyrogallol stains; making soluble starch; depolarizer in electric batteries; In animal chemistry chiefly for detection and determination of manganese.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a bleaching agent for food starch that is used up to 0.075% and with sulfur dioxide up to 0.05%.
As a source of radicals, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is mainly used as a radical initiator in the polymerization of certain alkenes.
Commercially important polymers prepared using persulfates include styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene.
In solution, the dianion dissociates into radicals:

[O3SO–OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−

Regarding its mechanism of action, the sulfate radical adds to the alkene to give a sulfate ester radical.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel, hence being important for SDS-PAGE and western blot.
Illustrative of its powerful oxidizing properties, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution.
This property was discovered many years ago.
In 1908, John William Turrentine used a Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) solution to etch copper.
Turrentine weighed copper spirals before placing the copper spirals into the Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) solution for an hour.
After an hour, the spirals were weighed again and the amount of copper dissolved by Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) was recorded.
This experiment was extended to other metals such as nickel, cadmium, and iron, all of which yielded similar results.
The oxidation equation is thus: S2O2−8 (aq) + 2 e− → 2 SO2−4 (aq).

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a standard ingredient in hair bleach.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) are used as oxidants in organic chemistry.
For example, in the Minisci reaction and Elbs persulfate oxidation

Production methods
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be derived by the electrolysis of ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid and then crystallized.
Electrolytic process Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate goes through filtration, crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying to get ammonium persulfate product when the content reaches a certain concentration in the anode.

Anode reaction: 2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8
Cathodic reaction: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑
(NH4) 2S2O4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4

Contact allergens
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents, and hair bleaches.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used as a hair bleaching agent.
It may induce irritant dermatitis, (mainly) nonimmunologic contact urticaria, and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
People reacting to Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) also react to other persulfates such as potassium persulfate.
Inhalation produces slight toxic effects.
Contact with dust irritates eyes and causes skin rash.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can decompose of oxygen when high heat; it can generate toxic nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and ammonia fumes when heated.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is strong oxidant, it can explode when mixed with reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus etc; it can explode when be heated, impacted, and meet fire.

Preparation and structure
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is prepared by electrolysis of a cold concentrated solution of either ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.
The method was first described by Hugh Marshall.
The ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography.
In the ammonium salt, the O-O distance is 1.497 Å.
The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 Å and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å.
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7783-28-0, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-987-8, Ses fonctions (INCI). Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage. Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection). Principaux synonymes Noms français : AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM MONOHYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE MONOACID Ammonium phosphate, secondary AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (DIBASIQUE) AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (MONOACIDE) DIAMMONIUM ACID PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium phosphate DIBASIC AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Hydrogénoorthophosphate de diammonium Phosphate d'ammonium dibasique PHOSPHATE D'AMMONIUM MONOACIDE PHOSPHATE DE DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIACAL Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt SECONDARY AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Noms anglais : Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate Utilisation: Agent ignifuge, additif alimentaire et fertilisant.Diammonium phosphate [Wiki] ammonium phosphate [NF] 10LGE70FSU 231-987-8 [EINECS] 7783-28-0 [RN] Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (2:1:1) Ammonium hydrogenphosphate Ammonium phosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenphosphate di-Ammonium hydrogenphosphate (sec) Diammoniumhydrogenphosphat [German] dibasicammonium phosphate Hydrogénophosphate de diammonium [French] (NH4)2HPO4 [7783-28-0] Akoustan A Ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate ammonium monohydrogen phosphate Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate (NF) Ammonium phosphate [USAN] [USAN] ammonium phosphate, di- Ammonium phosphate, secondary Ammoniumhydrogenphosphate Coaltrol LPA 445 DAP, DAPLG diamine phosphate Diammonium acid phosphate Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate di-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) diammonium hydrogen phosphate; diazanium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium orthophosphate di-ammonium phosphate Diammonium Phosphate Food Grade Diammonium phosphate solution DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE|PHOSPHORIC ACID DIAMINE diammoniumhydrogenphosphate diazanium and hydron and phosphate diazanium hydrogen phosphate diazanium;hydrogen phosphate Dibasic ammonium phosphate EINECS 231-987-8 Fyrex Hydrogen diammonium phosphate I14-19729 K2 (phosphate) Pelor Phos-Chek 202A Phos-Chek 259 phosphoric acid diamine Phosphoric acid diammonium salt Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, N° CAS : 78491-02-8, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, Nom chimique : 1-[1,3-bis(Hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 278-928-2, Classification : Règlementé, Libérateur de Formaldéhyde, Conservateur, La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,5 %., Ses fonctions (INCI) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.
DIAZOLIDINYL UREA
DBE; IMSOL; ESTASOL; DIBASIC ACID; DIBASIC ESTER; DBE DIBASIC ESTER; DIBASIC MIXTURE OF ESTERS; DBE, Dibasic ester mixture; meso-Dibenzylaminosuccinic acid; DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate CAS NO:95481-62-2
DIAZOLIDINYL UREA
Diazolidinyl Urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products including polymers.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to protect them from bacterial and fungal contamination.

CAS Number: 78491-02-8
Molecular Formula: C8H14N4O7
Molecular Weight: 278.22
EINECS Number: 278-928-2

Synonyms:DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, 78491-02-8, Diazolidinylurea, 1-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, 1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N,N'-Bis(hydroxymethyl) urea, N-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N9VX1IBW6K, n-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-n,n'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, DTXSID0029559, Germall II, MFCD03547942, Urea, N-(1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, Germall 11, DTXCID009559, Imidazolidinyl urea 11, Diazolidinyl Urea (Technical Grade), Urea, N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, CAS-78491-02-8, EINECS 278-928-2, UNII-H5RIZ3MPW4, UNII-N9VX1IBW6K, N-[1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea; Diazolidinylurea; Germaben II-E; Germall II; N-Hydroxymethyl-N-[1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-N'-hydroxymethylurea, H5RIZ3MPW4, EC 278-928-2, Diazolidinyl urea, >=95%, N-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl) urea, N-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl)urea, SCHEMBL34370, CHEMBL3187032, N-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-, CHEBI:136014, SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N, Tox21_202068, Tox21_303365, AC1192, s5292, AKOS016010254, CCG-267223, CS-W010066, DB14173, HY-W009350, 1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, Urea, N-(1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, NCGC00249159-01, NCGC00257237-01, NCGC00259617-01, AS-73729, N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo(1,3-diazolidin-4-yl)]-N-(hydroxymethyl)[(hydroxymethyl)amino]carboxamide, SY033470, DB-056316, D3769, NS00001993, EN300-18632140, Q5272201, W-104279, 1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)ureido]hydantoin, N,N'-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-N'-(1,3-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-2,5-DIOXO-4-IMIDAZOLIDINYL)UREA, N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-N'-hydroxy-methylurea, N-[1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea

Diazolidinyl urea releases formaldehyde, which helps to prevent the growth of microbes, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Diazolidinyl urea is primarily used in cosmetics, such as lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and other personal care products.
Diazolidinyl urea can also be found in some pharmaceutical products.

Diazolidinyl urea works by slowly releasing formaldehyde, a potent antimicrobial agent, which inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective in preventing microbial growth, its use is sometimes controversial due to the formaldehyde release.
Formaldehyde can be an allergen and irritant, and in high concentrations, it is a known carcinogen.

However, the levels of formaldehyde released by Diazolidinyl urea in cosmetic products are typically low and regulated to be within safe limits.
Commercial Diazolidinyl urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products including polymers.
Diazolidinyl urea is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.

Diazolidinyl urea may release formaldehyde and cross-reactions to other formaldehyde-releasing substances may occur.
Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until recently and the single Chemical Abstracts Service structure assigned to it is probably not the major one in the commercial material.
Instead, new data indicate that one of the hydroxymethyl functional groups of the imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon, rather than on the urea nitrogen atom.

Diazolidinyl Urea is a synthetic preservative that protects formulations against harmful bacteria and fungi.
Diazolidinyl urea works by releasing formaldehyde in the products which prevents contamination - increasing the shelf life of the cosmetic products.
In its raw form, Diazolidinyl Urea appears as a fine white powder and acts as a crucial background ingredient in the beauty world.

However, it has considerable risks of allergies especially when used in higher concentrations. Proper formulation is necessary for its safe use.
Diazolidinyl Urea is a widely utilized preservative in the cosmetic industry, ensuring product stability and safety.
Its antimicrobial properties inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, extending the shelf life of various formulations, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup.

By preventing microbial contamination, Diazolidinyl Urea helps maintain product integrity and efficacy, preserving the quality of cosmetics over time.
Despite some concerns about potential sensitivities, its effectiveness in preventing spoilage makes it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.

Diazolidinyl Urea is synthesized from two primary ingredients: allantoin and formaldehyde.
Allantoin, a compound found in plants and animals, undergoes a chemical reaction with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions to produce Diazolidinyl Urea.

An antimicrobial preservative that helps your products not to go wrong too quickly.
Diazolidinyl urea works especially well against bacteria, specifically gram-negative species, yeast, and mold.
Somewhat controversial, it belongs to an infamous family of formaldehyde-releasers.

That is, it slowly breaks down to form formaldehyde when it is added to a formula.
Diazolidinyl urea written more about formaldehyde-releasing preservatives and the concerns around them at Dmdm Hydantoin, but do not get too scared, those are more theories than proven facts.
Diazolidinyl urea is used as a preservative in cosmetics and medicated products.

Diazolidinyl urea can be found in creams, lotions, hair products and over-the-counter topical drugs such as medicated ointments.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
Diazolidinyl urea, a broad spectrum preservative, is a formaldehyde-releasing compound that releases formaldehyde through its decomposition.

Diazolidinyl urea is effective against most contaminating microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas.
Diazolidinyl Urea is a water soluble preservative, providing broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Diazolidinyl Urea acts as a preservative.

Diazolidinyl urea provides broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
It delivers efficient antimicrobial power and balanced, synergistic & boasting broad-spectrum protection.
Moreover, it is compatible with many other cosmetic ingredients.

Diazolidinyl urea is effective at low dose and can be used to bolster other preservatives.
Diazolidinyl Urea preservative finds application in formulating leave-on & rinse-off formulas, hair-care products (conditioners, gels, mousses, novel stylers, shampoos, styling lotions/creams), body-care, color cosmetics, face & body washes, facial care & wipes and sun-care products (after-sun, self-tanning, and sun-protection).
Found in products like moisturizers, sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and makeup.

Pharmaceuticals: Used as a preservative in some topical drugs.
Household Products: Included in some cleaning products and detergents to prevent microbial growth.
Diazolidinyl urea functions as a formaldehyde releaser.

When incorporated into formulations, it decomposes slowly over time to release small amounts of formaldehyde.
This formaldehyde acts as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Although effective as a preservative, the release of formaldehyde has raised safety concerns.

Diazolidinyl urea is a known carcinogen and can cause allergic reactions and skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
Regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the European Commission have established maximum allowable concentrations of formaldehyde in cosmetics.
For example, the European Union limits the concentration of free formaldehyde to 0.2% in cosmetic products.

People with formaldehyde allergies or sensitivities are advised to avoid products containing formaldehyde releasers like Diazolidinyl urea.
Due to the concerns surrounding formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, there is a growing trend towards using alternative preservatives.
Diazolidinyl urea a common preservative used in place of formaldehyde releasers.

Though controversial for other reasons, they do not release formaldehyde.
Such as essential oils, although they may not be as effective in all formulations.
Diazolidinyl urea is considered to be biodegradable.

Diazolidinyl urea is generally regarded as safe for the environment when used in recommended concentrations.
Diazolidinyl urea trade name for Diazolidinyl urea, often used in cosmetic formulations.
A combination of Diazolidinyl urea with other preservatives for enhanced efficacy.

Diazolidinyl urea is a white, odorless crystalline powder.
Its chemical formula is C8H14N4O7.
Diazolidinyl urea was first introduced in 1982.

Diazolidinyl urea releases formaldehyde in the process of using a product, which makes its use little objectionable.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way.

Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser.
It is used in many cosmetics, skin care products, shampoos and conditioners, as well as a wide range of products including bubble baths, baby wipes and household detergents.
Diazolidinyl urea is found in the commercially available preservative Germaben.

Diazolidinyl urea, a formaldehyde re1easer, is mainly contained in cosmetics and toiletries, and can be found in barrier creams.
Diazolidinyl urea is a synthetic preservative used in various preparations.

Diazolidinyl urea is a colorless, odorless, stable, and water-soluble preservative.
Diazolidinyl urea is reported to have a wider antimicrobial spectrum than imidazolidinyl urea, which is structurally related.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, molds, and yeast but has limited activity against fungi.


Boiling point: 421.04°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.4734 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.6590 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Water (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 11.22±0.46(Predicted)
color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: 1000g/L at 20℃
Merck: 14,3000
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.9 at 20℃

Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until recently and the single Chemical Abstracts Service structure assigned to it is probably not the major one in the commercial material.
Instead, new data indicate that the hydroxymethyl functional group of each imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon, rather than on the nitrogen atom.
Diazolidinyl urea, also known as eczema, describes a type of inflammation of the skin.

Contact dermatitis or contact eczema is a term used when this inflammation is caused by direct or indirect skin contact with something in your environment.
Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when immune system causes allergy to a very specific chemical or substance that has been in contact with the skin.
Diazolidinyl urea is synthesized through a multi-step chemical process that involves the reaction of urea with formaldehyde and other reagents.

The specific steps can vary, but a general method includes:
Urea reacts with formaldehyde to form Diazolidinyl urea derivatives.
The Diazolidinyl urea derivatives undergo cyclization to form the imidazolidine ring structure.

The resulting product is Diazolidinyl urea, which contains the imidazolidine ring and multiple hydroxymethyl groups.
The FDA regulates the use of preservatives in cosmetics under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Diazolidinyl urea is allowed in cosmetic products, provided it meets safety requirements.

The European Union's Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 sets maximum allowable concentrations for formaldehyde in cosmetic products.
Diazolidinyl urea must be used in concentrations that ensure the free formaldehyde content does not exceed 0.2% in the final product.
Similar to the EU, Health Canada regulates the allowable levels of formaldehyde in cosmetics, ensuring safety for consumers.

Helps prevent microbial contamination in products that contain water and are prone to spoilage.
Preserves the product during prolonged storage and use.
Extends the shelf life of products like foundation, mascara, and eye shadows.

Ensures the product remains effective and safe for use over time.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in topical creams and ointments that require preservation against microbial contamination.
Included in some cleaning solutions and detergents to prevent bacterial and fungal growth during storage.

Individuals with formaldehyde sensitivity may experience allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis when exposed to products containing Diazolidinyl urea.
Manufacturers are required to use Diazolidinyl urea within regulated limits to ensure consumer safety.
Products must be tested for their formaldehyde content to comply with safety standards.

A glycol ether often used as a preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective against bacteria and yeast but less so against mold.
A class of preservatives that includes methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben.

Despite their effectiveness, parabens have faced scrutiny over potential health risks.
Preservatives like sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and their salts (potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate) are used for their antimicrobial properties.
Natural preservatives such as tea tree oil, lavender oil, and rosemary extract, although they may not be as potent and can affect the product's scent and stability.

Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to diazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way.
Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser.

A study examined the effects of various cosmetic preservatives, including Diazolidinyl Urea, on healthy human skin cells, highlighting the cellular responses and potential implications for skin health.
An extensive clinical review discussed allergic contact dermatitis caused by formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers such as Diazolidinyl Urea, providing insights into allergic reactions and safety concerns in dermatological practice.
Research on potential carcinogens in makeup cosmetics included Diazolidinyl Urea, emphasizing the safety and regulatory aspects concerning its use in cosmetic formulations.

A study integrated Diazolidinyl Urea in a patch test series to evaluate skin sensitization and allergic reactions in patients, aiding in the assessment of its allergenic potential.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative that acts as a formaldehyde releaser in cosmetics and personal care products.
Diazolidinyl Urea prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.

Follow this link for more information about how preservatives protect cosmetics and personal care products.
Diazolidinyl urea is a formaldehyde-releasing preservative used in cosmetics and personal-care products, which has been identified as a sensitizing agent in contact dermatitis.
To determine whether DIAZ sensitization is secondary to formaldehyde release or due to its own allergenic properties, we reviewed 708 consecutive patch tests of patients with various dermatologic complaints.

Diazolidinyl urea is a water-soluble preservative.
This preservative is considered safe for use at concentrations up to 0.5%, although it’s usually present at lower concentrations because it’s typically part of a blend with other preservatives (such as parabens).
Diazolidinyl urea can be a formaldehyde-releasing preservative.

Uses:
Diazolidinyl urea is also used as a deodorizer because it helps by eliminating bacteria that produce foul smell in the sweat.
Diazolidinyl urea is commonly used in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products to prevent microbial contamination, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Diazolidinyl urea keeps water-based creams and lotions free from bacteria and mold.

Prevents the growth of microorganisms that can spoil the Diazolidinyl urea.
Maintains product integrity by preventing microbial growth.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in products like foundations, mascaras, eye shadows, and blushes to prevent contamination.

Ensures the product remains effective and safe for use over time.
Preserves the product to ensure it remains safe for skin application.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in some pharmaceutical formulations, especially topical products that require preservation against microbial contamination.

Ensures the product remains free from microbial contamination during use.
Prevents microbial growth in therapeutic shampoos.
This preservative is also found in various household items where microbial contamination is a concern.

Included in formulations like sprays and detergents to prevent bacteria and mold.
Helps maintain the product’s integrity by preventing microbial growth during storage.
In some industrial settings, Diazolidinyl urea is used to preserve products that may be stored for extended periods.

Diazolidinyl urea is used to prevent microbial growth in water-based paints and coatings.
Ensures the longevity and safety of water-based adhesives by preventing microbial contamination.
Certain specialized products also benefit from the preservative properties of Diazolidinyl urea.

Helps in preventing microbial growth in fabric treatments.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in shampoos and other grooming products for pets to prevent contamination.
Although less common, Diazolidinyl urea can be used in certain food packaging materials to prevent microbial growth, thereby extending the shelf life of the packaged goods.

Diazolidinyl urea is extensively used in the cosmetic and personal care industry due to its effectiveness as a preservative.
Diazolidinyl urea prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi in hydrating and anti-aging products.
Maintains the safety and effectiveness of facial washes and cleansing oils.

Diazolidinyl urea preserves the integrity of water-based toners and astringents.
Ensures shampoos remain free from microbial contamination.
Diazolidinyl urea keeps conditioners safe for extended use.

Diazolidinyl urea found in gels, mousses, and sprays to prevent spoilage.
Prevents microbial growth in liquid and powder foundations.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures eye makeup remains safe and free from bacteria.

Diazolidinyl urea preserves the product's integrity and safety.
Maintains the safety and effectiveness of body moisturizers.
Keeps these products free from contamination.

Diazolidinyl urea prevents microbial growth in products that are applied to sensitive areas.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures these products remain effective and free from contamination.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Diazolidinyl urea is used in topical formulations to prevent microbial contamination, which is crucial for patient safety.

Diazolidinyl urea keeps ointments free from additional bacterial contamination.
Maintains the integrity and safety of creams used for treating inflammation.
Ensures lotions for skin conditions remain uncontaminated.

Diazolidinyl urea is used in various household cleaning and maintenance products.
Prevents the growth of bacteria and mold in multi-surface cleaners.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures products used in high-moisture environments remain effective.

Diazolidinyl urea maintains the efficacy of liquid detergents over time.
Preserves the integrity and effectiveness of dishwashing soaps.
In industrial settings, Diazolidinyl urea helps maintain the quality of products that are prone to microbial contamination.

Diazolidinyl urea is an antiseptic and deodorizer.
Diazolidinyl urea is also a broadspectrum preservative against bacteria and fungi.
Generally, it is used in concentrations of 0.03 to 0.3 percent.

It has been found that diazolidinyl urea is a stronger sensitizer than imidazolidinyl urea for people sensitive or allergic to formaldehyde.
Diazolidinyl urea is a preservative used in cosmetic creams, lotions, shampoos, hair gels, etc.
Diazolidinyl urea is used as a preservative in self-care products like creams, lotions, baby wipes, hand washes, bubble bath, shampoos.

It is however used in safe concentration n any product to improve shelf life or stability of a product.
Diazolidinyl urea can be considered as a broad-spectrum antiseptic for bacteria as well as fungi.

Safety profile:
Diazolidinyl urea’s use is restricted to maximum concentrations of 0.5%.
This limit in concentration is mostly due to mild irritation that can occur on the skin in concentrations greater that this maximum.
Some people have a contact allergy to Diazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis.

Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea.
In addition to being an allergen, it is a formaldehyde releaser, since it generates formaldehyde slowly as it degrades.

Although the formaldehyde acts as a bactericidal preservative, it is a known carcinogen.
In 2005–06, Diazolidinyl urea was the 14th-most-prevalent allergen in patch tests (3.7%).
Diazolidinyl Urea has considerable risks involved in the form of skin sensitivities like irritation and redness, especially when used in concentrations higher than 0.5%.

Due to its formaldehyde-releasing nature, it can exacerbate symptoms in those sensitive to formaldehyde.
Individuals with existing skin conditions or compromised skin barriers may be more susceptible to these side effects.
Patch testing before use is mandated.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel evaluated the safety of diazolidinyl urea and found that the ingredient is safe for current uses and concentrations, and it has low eye irritation potential.
However, it has not been found to be sensitive to the skin or produce phototoxic effects.



DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic ester or DBE is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
Mixtures of different methyl Dibasic ester are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid.

CAS: 95481-62-2
MF: C21H36O12
MW: 480.51

They are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
Dibasic ester of phthalates, adipates, and azelates with C8 - C10 alcohols have found commercial use as lubricants, spin finishes, and additives.
Dibasic ester are a blend of dicarboxylic acid esters that are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
These properties make Dibasic ester a relatively safe solvent that can be used for a variety of purposes.
Dibasic ester is a refined mixture of dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids.
Dibasic ester is a liquid non-flammable, readily biodegradable and non-corrosive with mild fruity odor.

Dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but only slightly soluble in water and higher paraffins.
Dibasic ester’s are refined dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids.
Dibasic ester’s are clear, colourless liquids
having a mild, characteristic fruity odour.
They are readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but are only slightly soluble in water and hydrocarbons.
Dibasic ester is non-flammable, noncorrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly formulation options.

Dibasic ester Chemical Properties
Melting point: -20°C
Boiling point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Fp: 212 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Explosive limit: 8%
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H14O4.C7H12O4.C6H10O4/c1-11-7(9)5-3-4-6-8(10)12-2;1-10-6(8)4-3-5-7(9)11-2;1-9-5(7)3-4-6(8)10-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3;3-5H2,1-2H3;3-4H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(=O)(OC)CCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCC(=O)OC
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibasic ester (95481-62-2)

Dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Non-flammable, non-corrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly product.
Easily soluble in alcohol and only slightly soluble in water, Dibasic ester is colorless, clear and has a slightly fruity odor.

Uses
Dibasic ester was commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.
Dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.

Dibasic ester and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
N/Aer (DBE) and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
These applications are growing rapidly as new uses are found for Dibasic ester's as building blocks.

Applications:
Plasticizers
Certain esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids (as mixtures or individually) are excellent plasticizers for various polymer systems including polyvinyl chloride resins.

Polymer Intermediate
As a source of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and their mixtures, Diabasic Esters provide unique polymer structures.
By the selection of the proper Dibasic ester fraction, properties, such as low temperature flexibility, can be tailored to meet specific needs.

Polyester Polyols for Urethanes
Polyols based on Dibasic ester are used to make polyurethane elastomers, coatings and both flexible and rigid foams.

Wet-Strength Paper Resins
Dibasic ester-2, Dibasic ester-5, and Dibasic ester-9 are particularly useful in the preparation of long-chain water soluble polyamides of the type which can be reacted with epichlorohydrin to form wet-strength paper resins.

Polyester Resins
Dibasic ester's are used extensively in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturated polyester resins.

Specialty Chemical Intermediate
Dimethyl succinate (DBE-4), dimethyl glutarate (DBE-5) and dimethyl adipate (DBE-6) are abundant and economical sources of the adipic, glutarate and succinic moieties for organic synthesis.

1) Preparation of nano anti-scaling and anti-corrosion coatings for gathering and transportation pipelines, which are applied to anti-scaling and anti-corrosion in petroleum gathering and transportation pipelines.
Dibasic ester is characterized in that it is composed of 1 part by weight of agent A and 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight of agent B, agent A includes bisphenol A epoxy resin, n-butanol, xylene, divalent acid ester, polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane, high molecular weight block copolymer containing pigment affinity group, foam-breaking polysiloxane, polyether siloxane co-polymer, polyacrylate, high molecular weight polycarboxylic acid containing amine derivatives, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, sericite, talc and flake graphite; Among them, agent B includes polyamide.

The effect is: the coating has excellent workability and storage stability, and the coating film has excellent anti-fouling performance and excellent corrosion resistance.
The scale inhibition rate of pipelines can reach above 80%.

2) an environment-friendly high-performance bait brightener was prepared, which was composed of divalent acid ester, PVC powder, free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water.
Dibasic ester uses divalent acid ester and PVC powder as the main raw materials, supplemented by free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water, and is refined by advanced production technology.
Among them, ethyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral mainly play a role in increasing viscosity, so that the brightener can adhere to the surface of the bait, and ethyl acetate has a fruity smell, which is easy to attract fish for food.
The main function of divalent acid ester is to dissolve PVC powder, which has the effects of brightening and improving gloss.
Dibasic ester is a degradable and environment-friendly solvent.
After the bait brightener is impregnated, heated and dried, the product can present a high-light state, with bright color, lifelike, and high fish lure rate, especially to attract fish in deep waters.

Production method
(1) continuous catalytic esterification: including the first catalytic esterification and the second catalytic esterification: a first catalytic esterification: according to the mass ratio of nylon acid, methanol and hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst of 1:1.3:0.02, weigh each raw material, add the raw materials nylon acid and methanol to the reaction kettle in sequence, then add the hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst, heat while stirring, heat to 120 ℃, keep the temperature unchanged, the pressure inside the reaction kettle is controlled to be 125KPa, and the reaction is carried out for 1 hour.

The aqueous cerium sulfate catalyst is composed of cerium sulfate active component and double mesoporous silicon carrier, wherein the mass percentage of cerium sulfate is 42%, and the balance is double mesopores.
The pore size of the small mesopores of the double mesopores is 3-5nm, and the pore size of the large mesopores is 10. B The second catalytic esterification: The reaction is carried out by continuously introducing methanol into the reaction kettle.
The water generated by the reaction is brought out with methanol to continue the reaction. The amount of methanol added is the amount of methanol added in the first catalytic esterification. 143%, this reaction stage is an atmospheric reaction.

The reaction temperature is controlled by controlling the methanol inlet speed.
The reaction temperature at this stage is 130 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, and adding titanate catalysts, the addition amount is 8.2‰ of the total mass of the reactants, and the acid value is measured for 5 hours.
When the acid value reaches less than 5mgKOH/g, the temperature is rapidly reduced to 65 ℃, the reaction is stopped, and the crude product is obtained.
The titanate catalyst is a mixture of tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate, and the mass ratio is 2:5:3.

(2) alkali washing and neutralization: filter and separate the catalyst, slowly add 20% NaHCO3 to the crude product of the reaction kettle, stir at a rate of 100rad/min while adding at a temperature of 85 ℃, stop adding and continue stirring for 10min when the acid value of the crude product is lower than 0.5mgKOH/g; The separated catalyst is reused after simple treatment, and the number of times of use is recorded.

(3) standing at low temperature: place the above products at an ambient temperature of -3 ℃ and stand for 25min. after stratification, the water layer is separated to remove water.

(4) pump the crude product material after water removal into the light removal tower, reduce the pressure to -0.01MPa, set the top temperature to 105 ℃, remove the light components, and circulate the methanol in the light components to the catalytic esterification reactor for reuse after dehydration and impurity removal; The packing layer provided in the light removal tower adopts polypropylene plastic step ring, the diameter of the step ring used is 50mm, and the top part adopts reflux in tube.

(5) put the crude product with light components removed into the weight removal tower, and decompress to remove the heavy components; The pressure after decompression is controlled to-0.085MPa, the top temperature of the weight removal tower is controlled to 125 ℃, the bottom temperature of the tower is controlled to 150 ℃, the reflux ratio is set to 0.7, and the products at the top of the tower are collected.
The product processed by the above method, after testing, the color of the product is stable, the chromaticity is light, and the chromaticity is not much different.

The main component is NME (dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate) The purity of NME is 99.82%, of which the content of methanol is 0.021%, and the content of mono-methyl ester is 0.012 ‰; after the quality analysis of the various components before, the selectivity of the reaction is 99.83%; the acid value of the product is 0.14mgKOH/g; the moisture content of the product is 0.020%; after the catalyst is used for 30 times, the activity decreases less than 10%, it is stable during use, and has good reuse performance.
It is not easy to be poisoned, will not corrode equipment, and will not pollute the environment.

Synonyms
Estasol
Dibasic ester
95481-62-2
RDPE
dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl hexanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate
DBE dibasic ester
Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
SCHEMBL4450294
dimethyl adipate dimethyl glutarate dimethyl succinate
dimethyl butanedioate,dimethyl hexanedioate,dimethyl pentanedioate
dimethyl adipate compound with dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate (1:1:1)
DBE
MADE
IMSOL
DIBASIC ACID
DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters
Dbe Dibasic Ester
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters(DBE)
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
Mixed Aliphatic Dimethyl Esters
DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
CAS number: 94-36-0
EC number: 202-327-6
Molecular formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of Dibenzoyl peroxides structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl peroxideis a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may cause skin irritation in people with sensitive skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a colorless, crystalline solid with a faint odor of benzaldehyde resulting from the interaction of benzoyl chloride and a cooled sodium peroxide solution.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is insoluble in water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in specified cheeses at 0.0002% of milk level.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the bleaching of flour, slowly decomposing to exert its full bleaching action, which results in whiter flour and bread.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a widely used organic compound of the peroxide family.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is often used in acne treatments , bleaching and polymerizing polyester and many other uses.
As a bleach, Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

Applications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely utilized as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.
Dibenzoyl peroxide finds applications for acne treatment, for bleaching flour, hair and teeth and for cross-linking polyester resins.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also has major applications in antiseptic and bleaching properties.
Dibenzoyl peroxide serves as a catalyst for polyester thermoset resins and as a hardener to start the polymerization process.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Proprionibacterium acnes.
Due to Dibenzoyl peroxides irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide appears as odorless white powder or granules.

Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide in a cool place in isolation, out of the sunlight and away from heat.
Dibenzoyl peroxide acts as an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory agent when applied topically to the human epithelium.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
-Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
-Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
-Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Binding agents, used in paint, sand, etc
-General bleaching agents, bleaching agents for textiles (unclear if bleaching agents are for consumer or industrial use)
-Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
-Related to the building or repair of ships, pleasure boats, or sporting boats

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes.
Due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl peroxide is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis on the WHO List of Essential Medicines, and, in the US, Dibenzoyl peroxideis available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used in the plastics industry and for bleaching flour, hair, and textiles.

History of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide was first prepared and described by Liebig in 1858.
Dibenzoyl peroxidewas the first organic peroxide prepared intentionally.

Medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl peroxidedoes not induce antibiotic resistance.
Dibenzoyl peroxidemay be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl peroxide, an unusual formulation considering most retinoids are deactivated by peroxides.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.
The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl peroxide was approved in 2021.

Dibenzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.

Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl peroxide is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.
In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.
The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl peroxide can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
Dibenzoyl peroxidecan cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making Dibenzoyl peroxidebactericidal, and Dibenzoyl peroxidewas thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.
Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory effect as well. In micromolar concentrations Dibenzoyl peroxideprevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne.

Other medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in dentistry as a tooth whitening product.

Non-medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is one of the most important organic peroxides in terms of applications and the scale of its production.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis often used as a convenient oxidant in organic chemistry.

Bleaching of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Like most peroxides, Dibenzoyl peroxideis a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used for the bleaching of flour, fats, oils, waxes, and cheeses, as well as a stain remover.

Polymerization of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions, such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

Reactivity of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide, a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2

Dibenzoyl peroxide is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2

The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.
The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl peroxide is one hour at 92 °C.
At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23
Storage & Sensitivity: Ambient temperatures.
Solubility:
Soluble in ether and chloroform.
Slightlysoluble in ethanol.
Insoluble in water.

Use and Manufacturing of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products:
-Home Maintenance
-Inside the Home
-Personal Care

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Bricks or related to bricklaying/masonry
-Plumbing, plumbing tools (home or industrial use)
-Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
-Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity
-Caulk, mortar, or putty compounds
-Wall construction materials, or wall coverings
-Casting agents or molding compounds for plastics, sand, or metals
-Catalyst
-Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory

Industry Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Fillers
-Intermediates
-Oxidizing/reducing agents
-Plasticizers
-Process regulators
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealants
-Arts, crafts, and hobby materials
-Automotive care products
-Personal care products
-Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Industry Processing Sectors of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesive manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
-Miscellaneous manufacturing
-Paint and coating manufacturing
-Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
-Plastic material and resin manufacturing
-Plastics product manufacturing
-Rubber product manufacturing
-Services

About Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of germs (bacteria) on the surface of your skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide comes as a gel or face wash containing 5% Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is available to buy from pharmacies under the brand name Acnecide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is sometimes mixed with potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an "antimicrobial" ingredient that kills micro-organisms on your skin.
Dibenzoyl peroxide's sold in pharmacies as Quinoderm cream.

Some Dibenzoyl peroxide products are available on prescription only.
This is because they contain other active ingredients such as antibiotics or retinoids (exfoliants).

Many popular skincare brands also make products that contain Dibenzoyl peroxide, but at a lower strength.
These are available to buy in pharmacies, supermarkets and shops.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
-Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Pharmaceutical related
-Fixatives or fixing agents
-Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
-Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
-Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Related to the activity of hunting

Key facts about Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% takes around 4 weeks to start working.
You'll usually use Dibenzoyl peroxide 1 or 2 times a day.
The most common side effect is skin irritation.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is better to use it less often at first, then build up as your skin gets used to it.
Pharmacy brands include Acnecide 5% gel and Acnecide Wash 5%.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also an ingredient in Duac Once Daily (with clindamycin, an antibiotic) and Epiduo gel (with adapalene, a retinoid).

Who can and cannot use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Most adults and children over 12 years old can use Dibenzoyl peroxide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is not suitable for some people.
To make sure Dibenzoyl peroxide is safe for you, tell your doctor before using this medicine if you:
-are allergic to Dibenzoyl peroxide or other medicines.
-have damaged or broken skin where you need to use the treatment.
-have very bad acne with nodules (large, hard lumps that build up beneath the surface of the skin and can be painful) or cysts (large, pus-filled lumps that look similar to boils).
These need to be treated by a doctor to avoid scarring.

How and when to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide is for use on your skin only.

Always wash your hands before and after using this medicine.
If your skin becomes dry or starts peeling, try using Dibenzoyl peroxide less often.
Put Dibenzoyl peroxide on once a day or once every 2 days, until your skin gets used to it.

Dibenzoyl peroxide can bleach or discolour your hair, as well as clothes, towels and bedding.
Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide away from hair and coloured fabrics.
How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% gel

Wash the affected area with a mild skin cleanser and water.
Gently pat your skin dry.
Put a thin layer of gel on all the affected areas.
If your whole face has acne, use a strip of gel (2.5cm long) each time.
You'll usually use the gel once or twice a day.
If you have sensitive skin, use the gel once a day, before going to bed.

Try to avoid strong sunlight while using Dibenzoyl peroxide gel.
Use an oil-free sunscreen, or a moisturiser or foundation with added SPF30.
In stronger sunlight, use SPF30 or above.
Ask a pharmacist to help you pick a sunscreen that's right for your skin type.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Term applied when source specifically indicates product is for industrial use, or use in the industrial sector
-Related to electrical work (such as wiring of a building), electric current insulation materials, or other electrical components
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Wood used as a building material, wood preservatives
-Related to manufacturing for export
-Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc
-Beverages for human consumption (e.g., juice, water, alcohol), or related to beverages for human consumption (e.g. machinery for production of beverages, or facilities serving beverages)
-Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
-General medical instruments or medical facilities, spectacle lenses and optical instruments
-Related to metals - manufacturing of metals, casting of metals, production of metals, surface treatment of metals, etc

How long will I use Dibenzoyl peroxide for?
Dibenzoyl peroxide depends on how quickly your condition improves.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will usually start to work within 4 weeks, but once your acne is under control you may want to keep using it to stop your acne coming back.

What if I forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide does not matter if you forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide.
When you remember, start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again once or twice a day in the same way as before.

What if I use Dibenzoyl peroxide too much?
If you use too much Dibenzoyl peroxide, your skin may become irritated.
Wash off as much as you can and wait for the irritation to go away.

When your skin has calmed down again, you can start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again.
Be careful to follow the instructions on the package.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Inert ingredients in a pesticide
-Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Accelerators, activators, oxidation agents, reducing agents, etc
-Vulcanizing agents and rubberizing materials
-Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc (surfaces to be applied to often not indicated in source description)
-Bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, and waxes; polymerization catalyst; drying agent for unsaturated oils; pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes; rubber vulcanization without sulfur; burnout agent for acetate yarns; production of cheese; embossing vinyl flooring (proprietary).
-Source of free radicals for industrial processes. Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
-For Dibenzoyl peroxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128964) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

About Dibenzoyl peroxide Helpful information:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Article service life:
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Dibenzoyl peroxide is most likely to be released to the environment.
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Formulation or re-packing:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and rubber products.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.

Manufacture:
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Although the precise cause of acne is unclear, Dibenzoyl peroxide appears to be associated with at least four factors: increased sebum production, follicular keratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammation.
The study suggests the prevalent bacterium implicated in the clinical course of acne is Propionibacterium acnes (P acnes), a gram-positive anaerobe that normally inhabits the skin and is implicated in the inflammatory phase of acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is mainly indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate acne and is often prescribed in conjunction with oral antibiotics (erythromycin or clindamycin) in the treatment of moderate to severe acne.

Dibenzoyl peroxide used in 2.5, 5, and 10 percent concentrations, depending on the acne severity.
Usually, these are in a gel spreading agent, but they can also be in a cream base or a drying paste.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is keratolytic, which means “keratin-dissolving” and works by loosening dead cells stuck in the follicles.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also releases oxygen in the follicle.
Because acne bacteria are anaerobic, they cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
Dibenzoyl peroxide essentially works both as an interfollicular exfoliant and as an antibacterial.

Mode of action:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is lipophilic that can penetrate the stratum corneum and enter the pilosebaceous follicle.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is rapidly broken down to benzoic acid and hydrogen peroxide and generates free radicals that oxidize proteins in bacterial cell membranes, exerting a bactericidal action.
In addition, it has been shown that Dibenzoyl peroxide can reduce the free fatty acid content of sebum, which provides a useful marker for bacterial activity.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory action and vitro studies suggest that this action arises from its ability to kill polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN cells) in the pilosebaceous follicles and so prevent their release of reactive oxygen species such as peroxides which enhance tissue inflammation.

Involving equation about this process:
C6H5C(O)O-OC(O)C6H5 + H2O 2 C6H5COOH + ½ O2
Moreover, due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a bleaching agent for certain foods, an oxidizing agent, a polymerizing initiator in the manufacture of plastics, a curing agent for silicone rubber, and an ingredient in various industrial processes.
Dibenzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has a long history of use in the food industry as a bleaching agent added for flour, whey, and milk for cheese making.

Contact with fabrics or hair can cause permanent color dampening almost immediately.
Even secondary contact can cause bleaching.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely used as a catalyst in the polymerisation of molecules like styrene (phenylethene) to form polystyrene, which used to make many things from drinking cups to packaging material.

Dibenzoyl peroxide and Pregnancy :
There are no studies looking at women who use topical Dibenzoyl peroxide during pregnancy.
When Dibenzoyl peroxide is applied topically, only 5% is absorbed through the skin, and then it is completely metabolized to benzoic acid within the skin and excreted unchanged in the urine.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is not likely to increase risk for birth defects or cause problems for the baby.
However, systemic effects on a pregnant woman and her child would not be expected and therefore use of this product during pregnancy would not be of concern.

Description of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide may affect workers in the electronics and plastics (epoxy resins and catalysts) industries, electricians, ceramic workers, dentists and dental technicians, laboratory technicians and bakers.
As it was contained in candles, Dibenzoyl peroxide also induced contact dermatitis in a sacristan.
However, some positive tests are of unknown occupational relevance.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an odorless, white or colorless crystalline powder.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial ingredient commonly used in acne treatments.
Dibenzoyl peroxide functions by forcing an oxidant (peroxide in this case) into the philosebaceous orifice where it releases oxygen, thereby diminishing the P. acnes population.
This reduces the level of free fatty acids and skin infection.

Source of free radicals for industrial processes.
Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a source offree radicals in many organic syntheses andto initiate polymerizations of styrene, vinylchloride, vinyl acetate, and acrylics; to curethermoset polyester resins and silicone rubbers;in medicine for treating acne; and forbleaching vegetable oil, cheese, flour, and fats.

Indications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is a potent oxidizing agent that has both antimicrobial and comedolytic properties; its primary use is in treating acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is converted in the skin to benzoic acid; clearance of absorbed drug is rapid, and no systemic toxicity has been observed.
The major toxicities are irritation and contact allergy.
Outgrowth of bacteria resistant to topical antibiotics used to treat acne can be reduced by the addition of Dibenzoyl peroxide in combination products such as erythromycin (Benzamycin) and clindamycin (Benzaclin).

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments:
Dibenzoyl peroxide products are used topically either as gels or in shampoos.
Shampoos are generally used for seborrheas, greasy skin (seborrhea oleosa), or crusty pyodermas (such as seborrheic dermatitis/pyoderma commonly seen in Cocker Spaniels).
Gels may be useful for treating recurrent localized skin infections (e.g., chin acne), localized Demodex lesions, superficial and deep pyodermas (adjunctive therapy), seborrhea oleosa, and Schnauzer comedo syndrome.

Dibenzoyl peroxide possesses antimicrobial (especially antibacterial), keratolytic and antiseborrheic actions.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also is Dibenzoyl peroxide has some mild antipruritic activity and wound healing effects, and is thought to increase follicular flushing.
Dibenzoyl peroxide’s antimicrobial activity is due to the oxidative benzoyl peroxy radicals formed that disrupt cell membranes.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Various types of paint for various uses
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Rubber products (e.g. tires) and their manufacture
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
-Subcategory of personal_care, includes fragrances, shampoos, make-up, etc.
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Chemicals on lists subject to restrictions of use (i.e. some use allowed, but use is limited) in Europe
-Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests

Storage of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide should be stored in acool and well-ventilated area, isolated fromother chemicals and free of heating andelectrical installations.
Dry compound maybe shipped in polyethylene-lined paper bagsor fiber containers packed in wooden boxeso.

Purification Methods of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dissolve Dibenzoyl peroxide in CHCl3 at room temperature and precipitate it by adding an equal volume of MeOH or pet ether.
Similarly Dibenzoyl peroxide is precipitated from acetone by adding two volumes of distilled water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has also been crystallised from 50% MeOH and from diethyl ether.

How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Before you start the treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will give you more information about Dibenzoyl peroxide and will provide you with a full list of the side-effects which you could experience from using it.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is recommended that you use Dibenzoyl peroxide once or twice each day.

When you first start using it, you will be recommended to use a 4% or 5% strength preparation.
This will help keep any skin irritation to a minimum.
If you find Dibenzoyl peroxide does irritate then try the 2.5% strength once the irritation has settled.
These strength preparations often work as well as the higher 10% strength preparations and cause less skin irritation.
If necessary, you can increase the strength of the preparation as you go on, but do this gradually.

A general point is that you should apply Dibenzoyl peroxide to all of the area where your spots occur and not just to each spot.
Creams and gels should be applied about 15 minutes or so after washing the area with soap and water and gently drying with a towel.
At first you may want to wash the preparation off after a few hours, but gradually try to increase the length of time you leave it on the skin.
When your skin is used to the preparation, aim to put it on twice a day and leave it on.
If you are using a 'wash', wet your skin and then pour some of the liquid wash on to your hands and use it to wash the affected areas.
Leave Dibenzoyl peroxide on for a minute or so before you rinse it off.

Can Dibenzoyl peroxide cause problems?
Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them.
The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with preparations containing Dibenzoyl peroxide.
You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine.
The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used to treat mild to moderate acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may be used in combination with other acne treatments.
When applied to the skin, Dibenzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel.

Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before.
The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients.
Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes.
Taking the wrong product could harm you.

How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide Gel
Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start using this product and each time you get a refill.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Before using this product for the first time, check if you are allergic to it.
To check, put a small amount on one or two small areas of acne for three days.
If you have an allergic reaction, stop using this product and get medical help right away (see the symptoms of an allergic reaction in the Side Effects section).
If you don't have an allergic reaction, you can use the product.

There are many Dibenzoyl peroxide products available.
Many can be purchased without a prescription. Some products (such as cleansers, foam, or lotions) may require a prescription.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist on the choice of the product that is best for you.
If you are using the over-the-counter product to self-treat, read and follow all directions on the product package before using this medication.
If you have any questions, consult your pharmacist.
If your doctor has prescribed this medication, use it as directed.

Some products require shaking before use.
Check your product package to see if your form of this medication needs to be shaken.

Apply Dibenzoyl peroxide to the areas of your skin affected by acne.
Avoid getting this medication into your eyes, inside your nose or mouth, or on any areas of broken skin since it may cause irritation.
If this occurs, flush the area with plenty of water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may bleach hair or fabrics.
Use carefully, and avoid contact with hair, clothing, and furnishings.

If using cleansers containing Dibenzoyl peroxide, wet the affected area.
Gently rub the cleanser into the skin for 10-20 seconds.
Work into a full lather and rinse thoroughly and then pat dry.
If too much drying occurs, you may need to rinse the cleanser off sooner or use it less often.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist for further details.

If you are using the liquid wash, cleansing pad, or cleanser bar, use it instead of soap once or twice a day.
Wet the skin before applying, gently work up a lather for 10 to 20 seconds, and rinse thoroughly.
Do not scrub the skin.

If using the shaving cream, first wet the area to be shaved.
Apply a small amount of the medication, gently rub into the area, and then shave.

If you are using a cream, foam, lotion, or gel, apply it to the affected area as directed, usually once or twice a day.
Before applying each dose, gently wash the affected area with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Apply a small amount of medicine to the affected area and rub in gently.
Some products may require rinsing off after application for a certain amount of time.
Check your product package to see if your form of this medication needs to be rinsed off.

If you are using the medicated pads or sponges, wash the affected skin with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Wipe the pad or sponge gently onto the skin to apply the medication, usually once or twice a day to the skin as directed.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy.
Improvement in acne is usually seen after 3 weeks of use, and maximum benefit after 8-12 weeks of use.
Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often or for longer than directed.
Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used, in particular, for external treatment of acne.
About 5% is absorbed (Leachman 2006).
To some extent, Dibenzoyl peroxide is converted to benzoic acid in the skin.

Simultaneous topical therapy with retinoids increases the absorption.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used in the food and plastics industries.
There are insufficient epidemiological data for a risk assessment.
Despite the broad use, there are no indications of any teratogenic effects.

Most people with acne are aged between 12 and 25, but some older and younger people are affected too.
Small sebaceous glands lie just under your skin surface and make an oil (sebum) that keeps your skin supple and smooth.
Tiny pores on your skin allow the sebum to come on to the surface of your skin.
In acne, some of these pores become blocked, causing small pimples, blackheads and whiteheads.

Dibenzoyl peroxide has three actions - it kills germs (bacteria), it reduces inflammation and it helps to unplug blocked pores.
You can buy Dibenzoyl peroxide without a prescription at a pharmacy.
Dibenzoyl peroxide comes in different brand names and strengths - there is a 2.5%, 4%, 5% and 10% strength.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is also available in combination preparations used for acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide can be combined with an antibiotic called clindamycin, or with another medicine used for acne, called adapalene (brand name Epiduo®).
Both of these preparations need to be prescribed by a doctor, and should be used as directed by the doctor.

Before using Dibenzoyl peroxide:
To make sure that this is the right treatment for you, before you start using Dibenzoyl peroxide it is important that your doctor or pharmacist knows:

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, although Dibenzoyl peroxide is not known to be harmful in pregnancy.
If you are taking any medicines, or using any other skin preparations.
This includes any which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.
If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a skin product.

IUPAC NAMES:
AKPEROX BP75 POWDER
benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
Dibenzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO)
Benzoyl Peroxide (wetted with ca. 25% Water)
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl Peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide (upper limit: 77% w/w; typical concentration: 75% w/w)
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoylperoxide
diphenylperoxyanhydride
LUPEROX A75
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide, dibenzoyl


SYNOYNMS:
Benzoyl peroxide Manufacturer
Luperox A98, Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide[51% < content ≤100%, inert solid content ≤48%]
Benzoyl peroxide[35% < content ≤52%, inert solid content ≥48%]
Benzoyl peroxide[36% < content ≤42%, type A diluent ≥18%, water content ≤40%]
Benzoyl peroxide[77% < content ≤94%, water content ≥6%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤42%, stable dispersion in water]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤62%, inert solid content ≥28%, water content ≥10%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤77%, water content ≥23%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste,52% < content ≤62%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste, no more than 52%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste, content ≤56.5%, water content ≥15%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤35%, inert solids ≥65%]
BENZOYL PEROXIDE(BPO)
Benzaknen
Benzaknew
Benzamycin
Benzoic acid, peroxide
Luperco A
Luperco AC
Luperco AFR
Luperco AFR-250
Luperco AST
lupercoaa
lupercoast
Luperox fl
luperoxfl
Luzidol
Mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide and calcium sulfate
Mytolac
NA 2085
Nayper B and bo
Nayper BO
nayperbandbo
nayperbo
Nericur
Nericur Gel 5
Norox bzp-250
Norox bzp-C-35
noroxbzp-250
noroxbzp-c-35
Novadeiox
Novadelox
NSC-675
Oxy 5
OXY WASH
OXY-10
oxy-10cover
oxy-5
Oxy-L
Oxylite
Panoxyl
Periygel
Perossido di benzoile
perossidodibenzoile
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide,dibenzoyl
Peroxyde de benzoyle

Regulatory process names:
Benzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide

Translated names:
bensoylperoxid (sv)
bensoüülperoksiid (et)
bentsoyyliperoksidi (fi)
benzoil peroksid (hr)
benzoil peroksid (sl)
benzoil-peroxid (hu)
benzoile perossido (it)
benzoilperoksidas (lt)
benzoilperoksīds (lv)
benzoylperoksid (no)
benzoylperoxid (da)
Benzoylperoxid (de)
benzoylperoxid (sk)
benzoylperoxide (nl)
dibensoylperoxid (sv)
dibensoüülperoksiid (et)
Dibentsoyyliperoksidi (fi)
dibenzoil peroksid (hr)
dibenzoil peroksid (sl)
dibenzoil-peroxid (hu)
Dibenzoilperoksidas (lt)
dibenzoilperoksīds (lv)
dibenzoylperoksid (no)
dibenzoylperoxid (cs)
dibenzoylperoxid (da)
Dibenzoylperoxid (de)
dibenzoylperoxid (sk)
dibenzoylperoxide (nl)
nadtlenek benzoilowy (pl)
nadtlenek dibenzoilowy (pl)
perossido di dibenzoile (it)
peroxid de benzoil (mt)
peroxid de benzoil (ro)
peroxid de dibenzoil (mt)
peroxid de dibenzoil (ro)
peroxyde de benzoyle (fr)
peroxyde de dibenzoyle;peroxyde de benzoyle (fr)
peróxido de benzoílo (es)
peróxido de benzoílo (pt)
peróxido de dibenzoílo (es)
peróxido de dibenzoílo (pt)
Ββενζοϋλυπεροξείδιο (el)
Δδιβενζοϋλυπεροξείδιο (el)
бензоил пероксид (bg)
дибензоил пероксид (bg)

CAS names:
Methanone, 1,1'-dioxybis[1-phenyl-

IUPAC names:
benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
BENZOYL PEROXIDE
Benzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO)
Benzoyl Peroxide (wetted with ca. 25% Water)
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl Peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide (upper limit: 77% w/w; typical concentration: 75% w/w)
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoylperoxide
diphenylperoxyanhydride
LUPEROX A75
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide, dibenzoyl

Trade names:
Benzoic acid, peroxide
Benzoperoxide
Benzoyl peroxide, remainder water
Benzoyl Superoxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
NOVIPER BP
Perkadox L-W75

Other identifiers:
117989-71-6
117989-71-6
132323-44-5
132323-44-5
143928-58-9
143928-58-9
37370-29-9
37370-29-9
617-008-00-0
94-36-0
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
benzoperoxide, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
Structure of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
Tube of a water-based 5% Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) preparation for the treatment of acne
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) formulation Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was introduced, which is a mixture of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) and filler.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiDibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
benzoperoxide, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
Structure of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
Tube of a water-based 5% Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) preparation for the treatment of acne
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) formulation Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was introduced, which is a mixture of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) and filler.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiDibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



DIBENZYL ETHER
Dibenzyl ether is an organic compound with the formula C14H14O.
Dibenzyl ether belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).


CAS Number: 103-50-4
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Chemical formula: C14H14O


Dibenzyl ether is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
Dibenzyl ether is produced by treating benzyl chloride with a base.
Dibenzyl ether, also known as benzyl oxide or fema 2371, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.


These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl ether is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.
Dibenzyl ether has been detected, but not quantified, in dills.


This could make Dibenzyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a liquid, Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl ether has a role as a metabolite.


Dibenzyl ether belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl ether is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.


Dibenzyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, dills (Anethum graveolens).
This could make Dibenzyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl ether is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.


Dibenzyl ether is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base.
Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.


Dibenzyl ether has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl ether is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae with data available.
Dibenzyl ether is not miscible or difficult to mix in water.


Dibenzyl ether is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and acetone.
Dibenzyl ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 tonnes per annum.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBENZYL ETHER:
Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Dibenzyl ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Dibenzyl ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Dibenzyl ether is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Dibenzyl ether is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, plastic products, rubber products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Dibenzyl ether is used as flavor and fragrance.
Dibenzyl ether is also used as solvent for resins, rubber, wax, artificial musk.


Dibenzyl ether is used as a synthetic flavoring ingredient, a plasticizer for synthetic rubber, a plasticizer for nitrocellulose, and a solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl ether is used Chemical synthesis, Manufacturing of fragances, Manufacturing of rubber, latex, Plasticizers for polymers, and Polymer auxiliaries.


A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the main use of Dibenzyl ether is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl ether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Dibenzyl ether is used in the following products: air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.


Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).


Dibenzyl ether can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).
Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Cosmetic Uses: perfuming agents


Dibenzyl ether is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
A colorless, nearly odorless oil, Dibenzyl ether's main use is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl ether (CAS# 103-50-4) is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.
Dibenzyl ether is used as an effective GFP-friendly tissue clearing medium for mouse brains.


Dibenzyl ether is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl ether is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER:
*Dialkyl ethers
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER:
*Benzylether
*Ether
*Dialkyl ether
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
Molecular Weight: 198.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 137
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Beilstein Number: 1911156
MDL: MFCD00004780
CoE Number: 11856
XlogP3: 3.30 (est)
Molecular Weight: 198.26478000

Formula: C14 H14 O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Molecular Formula: C14H14O
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC2=CC=CC=C2
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChIKey: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 298 ℃
Melting Point: 1.5-3.5°C
Flash Point: 135°C
Density: 1.04 g/cm3
Solubility: water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Appearance: Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Storage: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Assay: 0.99
EINECS: 203-118-2
Log P: 3.40340
MDL: MFCD00004780
Refractive Index: 1.561-1.563
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Pressure:1 mmHg at 77 °F ; 4 mmHg at 122 °F; 31 mmHg at 203 °F
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00

Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.646 to 8.687
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 6.8 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC ( 135.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.310
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Stability: cream, lipstick, non-discoloring in most media, shampoo, soap
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: fruity
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1,5 - 3,5 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 298 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 137 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 3,71 mPa.s at 35 °C
Water solubility: 0,042 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3,31 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,043 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: 3°C to 4°C
Density: 1.04
Boiling Point: 298°C
Flash Point: 135°C (275°F)
Refractive Index: 1.562
UN Number: UN3082
Beilstein: 1911156
Merck Index: 14,1132

Solubility Information: Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Miscible with ethanol,ether,chloroform and acetone.
Formula Weight: 198.27
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Dibenzyl ether
Density: 1.043 (204 c)
Practically Insoluble: in water
Specific gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 297.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
logP (o/w): 3.31
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 %
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C
Odor: sweet fruity cherry earthy mushroom rose plastic
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Density: 6.8
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC
Odor Type: earthy
Molecular weight: 198.28
Color: colorless to pale yellow unstable liquid
Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min.97%

Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.041-1.043
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.561-1.563
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Exact Mass: 198.26
BRN: 1911156
EC Number: 203-118-2
UNII: 2O6CNO27RJ
NSC Number: 5931
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5025819
Color/Form: COLORLESS LIQUID|VERY PALE YELLOW
HScode 2909309090
PSA: 9.2
XLogP3: 3.3
Appearance: Clear colorless to pale yellow Liquid
Density: 0.99735 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: 3.6 °C
Boiling Point: 298 °C
Flash Point: 275 °F
Refractive Index: 1.569
Water Solubility: H2O: insoluble
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C.
Vapor Pressure: 1.03X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Vapor Density: 6.84 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
Odor: FAINT, ALMOND ODOR
Taste: MUSHROOM TASTE

Experimental Properties:
Liquid molar volume = 0.190344 cu m/kmol
Air and Water Reactions:
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.
Insoluble in water.
Reactive Group: Ethers
Reactivity Alerts Peroxidizable Compound
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filte: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H14O
IUPAC name: [(benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChI Key: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: C(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 198.2604
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 198.10446507



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene
Benzyl ether
DIBENZYL ETHER
103-50-4
Dibenzylether
Benzyl oxide
(Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene
Plastikator BA
BA (plasticizer)
phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Ether, dibenzyl
Plasticator BA
Dibenzylether [Czech]
Benzyl oxide [Czech]
FEMA No. 2371
FEMA Number 2371
Benzene, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
1,1-Oxybismethylene, bis benzene
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
1,1-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene
1,1-Oxybis methylene, bis benzene
BA (VAN)
CCRIS 6085
Benzene, 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis-
HSDB 6030
Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis(methylene-
1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene
NSC 5931
EINECS 203-118-2
1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene
UNII-2O6CNO27RJ
BRN 1911156
2O6CNO27RJ
AI3-02269
DTXSID5025819
CHEBI:87411
NSC-5931
benzylether
EC 203-118-2
4-06-00-02240 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
dibenzyl ester
ther de benzyle
?Benzyl ether
mono-benzyl ether
Benzyl ether, 8CI
ETHER,DIBENZYL
Benzyl ether, 98%
Bn2O
Tribenoside impurity D
DBN (CHRIS Code)
oxybis(methylene)dibenzene
BENZYL ETHER [MI]
phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
WLN: R1O1R
SCHEMBL27380
DIBENZYL ETHER [FCC]
MLS001050086
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene #
BIDD:ER0268
DIBENZYL ETHER [FHFI]
DIBENZYL ETHER [HSDB]
CHEMBL152299
DTXCID005819
FEMA 2371
NSC5931
Dibenzyl ether, analytical standard
Tox21_200903
Benzene,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
Benzyl ether, >=98%, FCC, FG
Ethyl?benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate
LS-363
MFCD00004780
1-benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
AKOS015914994
CS-W010535
NCGC00091363-01
NCGC00091363-02
NCGC00258457-01
BS-14196
CAS-103-50-4
SMR001216521
Dibenzyl ether, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI
B0418
FT-0624653
TRIBENOSIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY]
A800755
Q-200956
Q11309584
Tribenoside impurity D, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
InChI=1/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H
Benzene,1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
Benzyl ether
1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene]
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzyl ether
Plastikator BA
BA (plasticizer)
BA
NSC 5931
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
(Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9ci
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI
1-Benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
Benzyl ether, 8ci
Benzyl ether, 8CI
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzylether
FEMA 2371
Phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
1-Benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9ci
Benzyl ether, 8ci
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzylether
FEMA 2371
Phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
Dibenzylether
Dibenzyloxide
Di-(phenylmethyl)-ether
1,1'-(Oxybis-methylene)bis-benzene



DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE)
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.


CAS Number: 103-50-4
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Linear Formula: (C6H5CH2)2O
Chemical formula: C14H14O



Benzyl ether, Benzyl ether, DIBENZYL ETHER, 103-50-4, Dibenzylether, Benzyl oxide, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), Phenylmethoxymethylbenzene, FEMA No. 2371, Benzene, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, 1,1-Oxybismethylene, bis benzene, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, 1,1-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene, 1,1-Oxybis methylene, bis benzene, Benzene, 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis-, Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis(methylene-, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene, 2O6CNO27RJ, DTXSID5025819, CHEBI:87411, NSC-5931, Benzylether, Ether, dibenzyl, Plasticator BA, FEMA Number 2371, BA (VAN), CCRIS 6085, HSDB 6030, NSC 5931, EINECS 203-118-2, 1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene, UNII-2O6CNO27RJ, BRN 1911156, dibenzyl ester, AI3-02269, ?Benzyl ether, mono-benzyl ether, Benzyl ether, 8CI, ETHER,DIBENZYL, Benzyl ether, 98%, Bn2O, Tribenoside impurity D, oxybis(methylene)dibenzene, BENZYL ETHER [MI], EC 203-118-2, phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene, WLN: R1O1R, SCHEMBL27380, DIBENZYL ETHER [FCC], 4-06-00-02240 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS001050086, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene #, BIDD:ER0268, DIBENZYL ETHER [FHFI], DIBENZYL ETHER [HSDB], CHEMBL152299, DTXCID005819, FEMA 2371, NSC5931, Dibenzyl ether, analytical standard, Tox21_200903, Benzene,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, >=98%, FCC, FG, Ethyl?benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate, MFCD00004780, 1-benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether), AKOS015914994, CS-W010535, NCGC00091363-01, NCGC00091363-02, NCGC00258457-01, BS-14196, CAS-103-50-4, SMR001216521, Dibenzyl ether, purum, >=98.0% (GC), 1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI, B0418, FT-0624653, TRIBENOSIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY], A800755, Q-200956, Q11309584, Tribenoside impurity D, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H, DIBENZYL ETHER, (Oxybis(Methylene))dibenzene, FEMA 2371, benzyloxide, Benzyl oxide, BENZYL ETHER, ibenzylether, Dibenzylather, Dibenzyl ethe, plasticatorba, Benzene,1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, 1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene], Benzyl oxide, Dibenzyl ether, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), BA, NSC 5931, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene, Benzene, 1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, 1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene], Benzyl oxide, Dibenzyl ether, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), BA, NSC 5931, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene,



A colorless, nearly odorless oil, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s main use is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl ether is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae with data available.


Dibenzyl ether is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the main use of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is as a plasticizer.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is produced by treating benzyl chloride with a base.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a polymer that has been used as an additive in pharmaceutical preparations.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules and to be soluble in polyvinyl chloride.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also able to bind metal ions such as potassium and pyridoxine hydrochloride.
Store Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) away from oxidizing agents and light.
Keep Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) the container tightly closed and place it in a cool, dry and well ventilated condition.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE), also known as dibenzyl ether, is a chemical compound.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint aromatic odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s chemical structure consists of two benzyl groups (-C6H5CH2-) attached to an oxygen atom.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C14H14O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound with a chemical formula of C14H14O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, floral odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor., Colorless, unstable liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is immiscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has liquid a colorless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is insoluble in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of ethers.
Dibenzyl ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound with a chemical formula of C14H14O.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, floral odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a highly reactive chemical and is widely used as a reagent for organic synthesis and in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is immiscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is liquid, Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a slightly earthy, mushroom-like odor with a rosy undertone.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a clear, almost colorless liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is insoluble in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of ethers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and it is used in wastewater treatment for the removal of methyl glycosides.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has also been shown to have biological properties when tested on human serum, as well as on benzyl and dibenzyl.
In a reaction solution, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can react with anhydrous sodium (NaOH) to form NaDBE and hydrogen gas (H2).
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) presents as a colorless, volatile liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is highly reactive and finds extensive usage as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) serves as a valuable solvent in polymer, plastic, and coating manufacturing processes, and it can also function as a fuel in specific applications.


The mechanism of action of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can be attributed to its propensity to form robust hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
These hydrogen bonds, characterized by their strength, enable Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) to act as a catalyst in specific reactions.
In addition to its application in the fragrance industry, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s versatile nature allows it to serve as a key ingredient in the production of resins, plastics, and polymers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s molecular structure and functional groups make it a valuable component in a wide range of chemical reactions.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is soluble in alcohol and ether, providing easy integration into formulations with these solvents.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s compatibility with commonly used solvents allows for smooth blending and enhances its versatility in different applications.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) exhibits a boiling point of 297-298 °C and a low melting point of -24.5 °C.
These physical properties facilitate Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s handling and usage in various industrial processes.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s density of 1.046 g/mL at 25 °C and refractive index of n20/D 1.548 further contribute to its desirable application characteristics.
These properties of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) assist in accurate measurements and formulation adjustments during the production process.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.|Liquid|Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been detected, but not quantified in, dills (Anethum graveolens).
This could make Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Dibenzyl ether.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations by gravimetric analysis.
The molecular weight of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can be determined by measuring the increase in weight of the polymer after exposure to hydrogen plasma.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been found to have a low degree of splay and good solubility properties.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor and is commonly used as a solvent, plasticizer, and intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential biological activity and applications in various fields.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is utilized as a solvent for various reactions in organic synthesis.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) serves as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and other chemicals.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as special solvent and delustering agent for textiles.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used plasticizer for nitrocellulose; solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) was used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a highly reactive chemical and is widely used as a reagent for organic synthesis and in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a solvent in the production of polymers, plastics, and coatings.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a fuel in some applications.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and it is used in wastewater treatment for the removal of methyl glycosides.
Dibenzyl ether has also been shown to have biological properties when tested on human serum, as well as on benzyl and dibenzyl.


In a reaction solution, Dibenzyl ether can react with anhydrous sodium (NaOH) to form NaDBE and hydrogen gas (H2).
X-ray diffraction data shows that Dibenzyl ether contains nitrogen atoms.
Structural analysis reveals that the molecule consists of two benzene rings connected by two ethylene bridges.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a solvent in the production of polymers, plastics, and coatings.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a fuel in some applications.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as special solvent and delustering agent for textiles.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used plasticizer for nitrocellulose; solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) and is widely used in the production of fragrances, perfumes, and personal care products due to its pleasant aromatic odor.


With its aromatic fragrance, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) finds extensive use in the production of perfumes, colognes, and other personal care products.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s unique scent contributes to the overall appeal, providing a pleasing sensory experience to the users.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a solvent for resins, rubbers, waxes, and artificial musk
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is applied to daily fragrance and food flavor.



FEATURES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a high boiling point (around 303°C), making it useful in high-temperature reactions.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is relatively stable under normal conditions and can withstand certain reaction conditions.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a slightly earthy, mushroom-like odor with a rosy undertone.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a clear, almost colorless liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water.



SOLUBILITY OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and acetone.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
*Dialkyl ethers
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
*Benzylether
*Ether
*Dialkyl ether
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PURIFICATION METHODS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Reflux the ether over sodium, then distil Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) under reduced pressure.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) been purified by fractional freezing.



SYNTHESIS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is formed when benzyl alcohol is heated with strong acids or bases.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is produced almost exclusively by the alkaline hydrolysis of benzyl chloride.
Heat treatment decomposes Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) into benzaldehyde and toluene.



PREPARATION OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a by-product in the preparation of benzyl alcohol by hydrolysis of benzyl chloride; by using a concentrated caustic instead of carbonate, yields can be improved to 50% or higher.



KEY FEATURES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Molecular formula: C14H14O
Colorless liquid with a pleasant aromatic odor
Soluble in alcohol and ether
Boiling point: 297-298 °C
Melting point: -24.5 °C
Flash point: 140 °C
Density: 1.046 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.548
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is renowned for its exceptional purity, making it a popular choice in the food and flavor industry.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) complies with the highest quality standards and regulations, ensuring its safety and suitability for various applications.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
CAS Number: 103-50-4
Molecular Weight: 198.26
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Chemical formula: C14H14O
Molecular Weight: 198.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 137
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Beilstein Number: 1911156
MDL: MFCD00004780
CoE Number: 11856
XlogP3: 3.30 (est)
Molecular Weight: 198.26478000
Formula: C14 H14 O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Molecular Formula: C14H14O

Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC2=CC=CC=C2
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChIKey: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 298 ℃
Melting Point: 1.5-3.5°C
Flash Point: 135°C
Density: 1.04 g/cm3
Solubility: water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Appearance: Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Storage: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Assay: 0.99
EINECS: 203-118-2
Log P: 3.40340
MDL: MFCD00004780

Refractive Index: 1.561-1.563
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Pressure:1 mmHg at 77 °F ; 4 mmHg at 122 °F; 31 mmHg at 203 °F
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų

Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Experimental Properties:
Liquid molar volume = 0.190344 cu m/kmol
Air and Water Reactions:
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.
Insoluble in water.
Solubility Information: Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Miscible with ethanol,ether,chloroform and acetone.
Formula Weight: 198.27
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Dibenzyl ether
Density: 1.043 (204 c)

Practically Insoluble: in water
Specific gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 297.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
logP (o/w): 3.31
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 %
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C
Odor: sweet fruity cherry earthy mushroom rose plastic
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Density: 6.8
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC
Odor Type: earthy
Molecular weight: 198.28
Color: colorless to pale yellow unstable liquid

Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min.97%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.041-1.043
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.561-1.563
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Exact Mass: 198.26
BRN: 1911156
EC Number: 203-118-2
UNII: 2O6CNO27RJ
NSC Number: 5931
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5025819
Color/Form: COLORLESS LIQUID|VERY PALE YELLOW
HScode 2909309090
PSA: 9.2
XLogP3: 3.3

Appearance: Clear colorless to pale yellow Liquid
Density: 0.99735 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: 3.6 °C
Boiling Point: 298 °C
Flash Point: 275 °F
Refractive Index: 1.569
Water Solubility: H2O: insoluble
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C.
Vapor Pressure: 1.03X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Vapor Density: 6.84 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
Odor: FAINT, ALMOND ODOR
Taste: MUSHROOM TASTE
Reactive Group: Ethers
Reactivity Alerts Peroxidizable Compound
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5

pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filte: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H14O
IUPAC name: [(benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChI Key: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Isomeric SMILES: C(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 198.2604
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 198.10446507
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.646 to 8.687
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 6.8 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC ( 135.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.310
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Stability: cream, lipstick, non-discoloring in most media, shampoo, soap
Physical state: clear, liquid

Color: colorless
Odor: fruity
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1,5 - 3,5 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 298 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 137 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 3,71 mPa.s at 35 °C
Water solubility: 0,042 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3,31 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,043 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: 3°C to 4°C
Density: 1.04
Boiling Point: 298°C
Flash Point: 135°C (275°F)
Refractive Index: 1.562
UN Number: UN3082
Beilstein: 1911156
Merck Index: 14,1132



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


DIBUTYL MALEATE
Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.
Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.

CAS Number: 105-76-0
EC Number: 203-328-4
Molecular Formula: C12h20o4
Molecular Weight: 228.29

Synonyms: 105-76-0, Butyl maleate, Staflex DBM, RC Comonomer DBM, Maleic acid, dibutyl ester, dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, Maleic Acid Dibutyl Ester, di-n-Butyl maleate, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, dibutyl ester, UNII-4X371TMK9K, Dibutylmaleate, PX-504, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove, MFCD00009447, 4X371TMK9K, Dibutyl maleate, 105-76-0, Butyl maleate, Staflex DBM, RC Comonomer DBM, Maleic acid, dibutyl ester, dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, di-n-Butyl maleate, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester, Maleic Acid Dibutyl Ester, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, dibutyl ester, Dibutylmaleate, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, PX-504, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove, maleic acid di-n-butyl ester, 4X371TMK9K, DTXSID3026724, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, 1,4-dibutyl ester, NSC-6711, DBM (VAN), CCRIS 4136, NSC 6711, EINECS 203-328-4, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove [Czech], BRN 1726634, UNII-4X371TMK9K, Bibutyl maleate, AI3-00644, Bisomer DBM, Octomer DBM, MFCD00009447, Dibutyl maleate, 96%, VINAVIL CF 5, bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)maleate, EC 203-328-4, SCHEMBL28153, BUTYL MALEATE [INCI], MLS000515953, WLN: 4OV1U1VO4-C, dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, DTXCID206724, CHEMBL1466826, Dibutyl (2Z)-2-butenedioate #, NSC6711, HMS2270N17, Tox21_200779, 1,4-dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, AKOS015950672, CS-W010404, HY-W009688, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, cis-, NCGC00164013-01, NCGC00164013-02, NCGC00258333-01, CAS-105-76-0, SMR000112422, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, (2Z)-, M0009, D78204, W-108779, Q27260622, 29014-72-0,

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate chemical is also used in organic synthesis, like the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless liquid with a characteristic "ester" odor.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a derivative of butyl maleate.
Dibutyl maleate’s an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.

Dibutyl maleate is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Dibutyl maleate is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dibutyl maleate transposes into fumaric acid dialkyl ester.
Dibutyl maleate contains about 1-5% fumaric acid dialkyl ester and 1-2% alkoxysuccinic acid dialkyl ester.

Dibutyl maleate is acts as a plasticizer.

Dibutyl maleate is also known as Maleic Acid or Dibutylester.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.

Dibutyl maleate has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Dibutyl maleate is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Dibutyl maleate is commonly used in the paint industry as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for various adhesives and paints.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, for example in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.
Another common application is Dibutyl maleate use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.

Dibutyl maleate is suitable for vinyl resins and copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in paints.
Dibutyl maleate is used in plastisols, dispersions and coatings.

Dibutyl maleate is also known as Maleic Acid or Dibutylester.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.

Dibutyl maleate has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Dibutyl maleate is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Butyl maleates are ester compounds with a wide range of properties.
There are five main derivatives of butyl maleate-.

These derivatives have a wide range of applications, not limiting to, from the polymer industry to the pharmaceutical industry.
Dibutyl maleate popularly known as DBM is the most widely used compound among butyl maleates.

Dibutyl maleate is a synthetic colorless organic chemical with a characteristic odor.
Dibutyl maleate is mainly used in the manufacturing of adhesives, paints, copolymers & films, finishing agents, and cosmetics.
The global market is expected to increase as the production of polymers & other derivatives of Dibutyl maleate are increasing.

Dibutyl maleate is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.
With the invention of polyaspartic technology Dibutyl maleate found another use.

In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate - usually diethyl maleate but also Dibutyl maleate may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.
The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.

Dibutyl maleate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Dibutyl maleate is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.

Dibutyl maleate is a chemical that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
Dibutyl maleate is a glycol ether and an alkanoic acid.

Dibutyl maleate has been shown to be effective at removing p-hydroxybenzoic acid from water samples.
Dibutyl maleate reacts with the p-hydroxybenzoic acid to form an ester and glycol, which can be removed from the solution by extraction with organic solvents.
Dibutyl maleate has also been found to have high resistance against human serum, making Dibutyl maleate useful for sample preparation prior to analysis by gas chromatography or mass spectrometry.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate is also used in organic synthesis for the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a known skin irritant and allergen, causing dermatitis on contact.
Dibutyl maleate apparently facilitates the trafficking of FITC-presenting CD11c(+) dendritic cells from the skin to draining lymph nodes and increases the cytokine production by draining lymph nodes.

Dibutyl maleate it’s a derivative of butyl maleate.
Dibutyl maleate an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.

Dibutyl maleate is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Dibutyl maleate is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dibutyl maleate transposes into fumaric acid dialkyl ester.
Dibutyl maleate contains about 1-5% fumaric acid dialkyl ester and 1-2% alkoxysuccinic acid dialkyl ester.

Dibutyl maleate is a plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Other applications of Dibutyl maleate include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Uses of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate is used in the preparation of lactones, which is used for the synthesis of antibacterial compounds.
Dibutyl maleate is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.

With the invention of polyaspartic technology Dibutyl maleate found another use.
In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate usually diethyl maleate but also Dibutyl maleate may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.

The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.
Dibutyl maleate is widely used as a liquid plasticizer for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC, plastisols and vinyl acetates for paints, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Dibutyl maleate is used in various resins and in the preparation of emulsions for the paper industry, textile and lubricant additives.
Dibutyl maleate is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Dibutyl maleate offers excellent rheological properties, and Dibutyl maleate can improve adhesion, flexibility and waterproofing in inks and paints.

Dibutyl maleate also improves the UV filtration power.
Hydrophobicity and water resistance of the PVAc latex films were increased by using Dibutyl maleate as comonomer.
Dibutyl maleate is used in synthesis resin and dope material, and is used in petroleum industry, fabric, plastic, and paper industrial dipping agent, dispersive agent, adhesive, accelerant, pesticide, surface active agent and others.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dibutyl maleate is used in the following products: polymers.
Dibutyl maleate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Dibutyl maleate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Dibutyl maleate can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of Dibutyl maleate.

Industry Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Consumer Uses:
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Applications of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, liquid plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.

Dubutyl Maleate is also used as a comonomer in paints and adhesives for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization.
Other applications of Dibutyl maleate include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Dibutyl maleate is commonly used in the paint industry as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for various adhesives and paints.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, for example in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Another common application is Dibutyl maleate use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.
Dibutyl maleate is widely used as a plasticizer in vinyl resins.

About 90% of the global plasticizers produce are used for the manufacturing of PVC as plasticizers improve flexibility and durability.
Dibutyl maleate is used in paints to improve the stability of paint towards water & ultraviolet light.

The demand for Dibutyl maleate from the paints & coating industry is expected to grow as demand for water-resistant paints & coatings is increasing.
The construction projects in developing economies will also further increase the demand for such paints & coatings.

Dibutyl maleate is now being used in the cosmetic industry as well.
Dibutyl maleate acts as an SPF enhancer in skincare products and hair flexibility & gloss enhancer in hair products.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a co-monomer with vinyl acetate monomer in polymer emulsion to improve the properties.
Dibutyl maleate reduces the hardness and brittleness in resulting polymers.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a co-monomer in acrylic emulsions for the manufacturing of various adhesives and resins including food-grade additives.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in the production of derivatives of succinic acid, whose global production is expected to grow over 10% annually.

Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry.
The changing prices of raw materials and the development of new eco-friendly coatings can reduce the market of Dibutyl maleate.

Dibutyl maleate is a plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.

Preparation of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate can be prepared by the reaction of maleic acid anhydride and 1-butanol in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.

Apperance of Dibutyl maleate:
clear colourless to slightly yellowish liquid

Physical state of Dibutyl maleate:
Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid

Function of Dibutyl maleate:
Plasticizers

Classification of Dibutyl maleate:
Plasticizers
Industrial Chemicals

Handling and storage of Dibutyl maleate:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids

Stability and reactivity of Dibutyl maleate:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

increased reactivity with:
Strong oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First aid measures of Dibutyl maleate:

General advice:
Show Dibutyl maleate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Dibutyl maleate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Foam Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Dibutyl maleate:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Dibutyl maleate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergencyprocedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Dibutyl maleate:
CAS Number: 105-76-0
3DMet: CCCCOC(=O)/C=C\C(=O)OCCCC
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1466826
ChemSpider: 4436356
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.027
EC Number: 203-328-4
MeSH: maleate Dibutyl maleate
PubChem CID: 5271569
UNII: 4X371TMK9K
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3026724
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H20O4/c1-3-5-9-15-11(13)7-8-12(14)16-10-6-4-2/h7-8H,3-6,9-10H2,1-2H3/b8-7-
Key: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N
SMILES: CCCCOC(=O)/C=C\C(=O)OCCCC

Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)3OCOCH=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3
CAS Number: 105-76-0
Molecular Weight: 228.28
Beilstein: 1726634
EC Number: 203-328-4
MDL number: MFCD00009447
PubChem Substance ID: 24893895
NACRES: NA.22

CAS No.: 105-76-0
Chemical Name: Dibutyl maleate
CBNumber: CB9673524
Molecular Formula: C12H20O4
Molecular Weight: 228.28
MDL Number: MFCD00009447
MOL File: 105-76-0.mol

Properties of Dibutyl maleate:
Chemical formula: C12H20O4
Molar mass: 228.288 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish liquid with a characteristic odor
Density: 0.99 g·cm−3
Melting point: −85 °C (−121 °F; 188 K)
Boiling point: 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K)
Solubility in water: Very hardly soluble (0.17 g·l−1 at 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.0027 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.445 (20 °C)

Melting point: -85°C
Boiling point: 281 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.988 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.0027 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 0.17g/l slightly soluble
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to light yellow
explosive limit: 0.5-3.4%(V)
Water Solubility: insoluble
FreezingPoint: <-85℃
BRN: 1726634
LogP: 3.39 at 25℃

Quality Level: 200
assay: 96%
refractive index: n20/D 1.445 (lit.)
Boiling Point: 281 °C (lit.)
density: 0.988 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: [H]C(=C(/[H])C(=O)OCCCC)C(=O)OCCCC
InChI: 1S/C12H20O4/c1-3-5-9-15-11(13)7-8-12(14)16-10-6-4-2/h7-8H,3-6,9-10H2,1-2H3/b8-7-
InChI key: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N

Molecular Weight: 228.29
Molecular Formula: C12H20O4
InChIKey: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N
Boiling Point: 161 °C
Melting Point: -85 °C
Flash Point: 140 °C
Purity: 95%
Density: 0.99 (23°C)

Molecular Weight: 228.28 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 16
Complexity: 209
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Dibutyl maleate:
Melting Point: -85°C
Color: Colorless
Boiling Point: 161°C
Quantity: 25 g
Formula Weight: 228.29
Percent Purity: ≥95.0% (GC)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Dibutyl maleate

Related Products of Dibutyl maleate:
5,5-Dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one
2,2-Dimethylchroman
4-(2-(2-((1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine
2-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]acetic Acid Methyl Ester
4,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one

Names of Dibutyl maleate:

Regulatory process names:
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate

IUPAC names:
1,4-dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-,dibutyl ester
Di-n-butyl maleate
dibutyl (E)-but-2-enedioate
dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate
dibutyl but-2-enedioate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate

Trade names:
2-Butendisaeure (Z)-
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester
DBM
Di-n-butyl maleinate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl-ester
Dibutylmaleinat
Maleic acid, dibutyl ester
Maleinsaeure-di-n-butylester
Maleinsaeuredibutylester

Other names:
Maleic acid dibutyl ester
DBM

Other identifiers:
105-76-0
193362-56-0
220713-30-4
57343-98-3
77223-90-6
79725-21-6
DIBUTYL OXALATE
Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane; 2,2-Dibutyl-1,3,2-dioxastannepin-4,7-dione; Dibutylzinndilaurat; Dilaurato de dibutilestaño; Dilaurate de dibutylétain; Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy) Tin; Dibutyltin didodecanoate; Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane; Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane CAS NO:77-58-7
DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE)
DESCRIPTION:
Dibutyltin di(laurate) (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn(CH2CH2CH2CH3)2.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is used as a catalyst .


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number: 201-039-8
Linear Formula: (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2Sn[OCO(CH2)10CH3]2
Molecular Weight: 631.56


SYNONYMS OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Butynorate,Davainex[1],DBTDL,DBTL[1],Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin[1],Dibutylstannylene dilaurate[1],Dibutyltin didodecanoate[1],Dibutyltindilaurate,Lauric acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester[1]Stabilizer D-22[1],T 12 (catalyst)[1]Tinostat[1]DIBUTYLSTANNYLENE DILAURATEDIBUTYLTIN DIDODECANOATEDibutyltin dilaurateDibutyltin laurateLAURIC ACID, DIBUTYLSTANNYLENE SALTTIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

According to some authors, this compound is a dibutyltin(IV) ester of lauric acid.

Dibutyltin di(laurate), also known as dibutyltin didodecanoate, is a dibutyltin laurate hydroxide intermediate that is commonly used as a catalyst.

Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also used in the transesterification reaction. [1]


DECOMPOSITION OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C[2]), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.


USES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is used as a paint additive.[1]
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.

Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride,[ vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.[1]
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.


APPLICATIONS OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in:
The synthesis of polyurethane (PU) and polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) prepolymers and lignin urethane.
A protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates



BENEFITS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYSTS FOR POLYURETHANE COATINGS:
Dibutyltin di(laurate) improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
This catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.



FEATURES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is Suitable to accelerate the cross-linking process of solvent-based two-component PU coatings
Dibutyltin di(laurate) Improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water

Dibutyltin di(laurate) Enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties
Dibutyltin di(laurate) Can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Chemical formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass 631.570 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor Fatty[2]
Density 1.066 g/cm3[2]
Melting point 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K) [1]
Boiling point 205 °C at 1.3 kPa[1][2]
Solubility in water Practically insoluble (0.00143 g/l at 68 °F (20 °C))[1][2]
Solubility Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure Refractive index (nD) 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)[1]
Viscosity 42 cP[1]
vapor pressure
0.2 mmHg ( 160 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
95%
refractive index
n20/D 1.471 (lit.)
density
1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC
InChI
1S/2C12H24O2.2C4H9.Sn/c2*1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14;2*1-3-4-2;/h2*2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14);2*1,3-4H2,2H3;/q;;;;+2/p-2
InChI key
UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CAS number 77-58-7
CE number 201-039-8
Formula de Hill C₃₂H₆₄O₄Sn
Molar Mass 631.56 g/mol
Code SH 2931 90 49
Boiling point >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point 191 °C
Ignition temperature >200 °C
Fusion point 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure Solubility


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



DIBUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE
Dibutyltin dichloride (usually referred to simply as DBTC) is an organotin substance that appears colorless to slightly yellowish-brownish at room temperature.
Dibutyltin dichloride is readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ether and alcohols but is very difficult to dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin dichloride is flammable, low volatile and has a pungent odor.

CAS Number: 683-18-1
EC Number: 211-670-0
Chemical Formula: (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂SnCl₂
Molar Mass: 303.83 g/mol

DIBUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE, 683-18-1, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Di-n-butyltin dichloride, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutyltin chloride, dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, Dichlorodibutyltin, Dichlorodibutylstannane, Dibutyl tin dichloride, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, UNII-J4AQN88R8P, Stannane, dibutyldichloro, J4AQN88R8P, DSSTox_CID_7292, DSSTox_RID_78390, DSSTox_GSID_27292, Dibutylstannium dichloride, C8H18Cl2Sn, Tin, dibutyl-, dichloride, CAS-683-18-1, CCRIS 6321, HSDB 6071, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, NSC 2604, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, EINECS 211-670-0, dibutyl tin chloride, MFCD00000518, Bu2SnCl2, dibutyl-tin-dichloride, (DBTC), EC 211-670-0, Dibutyltin dichloride, 96%, SCHEMBL37123, dibutyl-bis(chloranyl)stannane, D.B.T.C., WLN: G-SN-G4&4, DTXSID8027292, NSC2604, NSC-2604, Tox21_201675, Tox21_303112, AKOS015839512, ZINC169743073, NCGC00164348-01, NCGC00164348-02, NCGC00164348-03, NCGC00257160-01, NCGC00259224-01, M266, NCI60_002078, DB-055133, FT-0632794, D95356, Dibutyltin dichloride, purum, >=97.0% (AT), A836096, Q18411326, 211-670-0, 683-18-1, Dibutyl(dichlor)stannan, Dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, Dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutyltin dichloride, J4AQN88R8P, MFCD00000518, Stannane, dibutyldichloro, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, WH7100000, [683-18-1], Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, D.B.T.C., DBTC dichloride, Dibutyl dichloro tin, Dibutyl tin dichloride, Dibutyl(dichlor)stannan, dibutyl-dichlorostannane, dibutyl-dichloro-stannane, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutylstannium dichloride, Dibutyltin chloride, Dibutyltin dichloride 10 ?g/mL in Cyclohexane, dibutyltin(2+) and dichloride, dibutyltindichloride, Dibutyltin-dichloride, Dibutyltin-dichloride 10 ?g/mL in Cyclohexane, Dibutyltin-dichloride 10 µg/mL in Cyclohexane, Dichlorodibutylstannane, DICHLORODIBUTYLTIN, Di-n-butyldichlorostannane, DI-n-BUTYLDICHLOROTIN, DI-N-BUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE, Di-n-butyltin Dichloride, 1000 mg/L, 1 ml (RM, ISO GUIDE 34), Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, EINECS 211-670-0, NCGC00164348-01, stannane, dichlorodibutyl-, Tin, dibutyl-, dichloride, TL8004797, UNII:J4AQN88R8P, UNII-J4AQN88R8P, WLN: G-SN-G4&4, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dinbutyltindichloride, chloriddi-n-butylcinicity, chloriddi-n-butylcinicity, dibutyldichloro-stannan, dibutylstanniumdichloride, dibutyl-tidichloride, dibutyltinchloride, dichlorodibutylstannane, dichlorodibutyltin, Di-n-butyldichlorotin, dibutyl(dichloro)stannane

Dibutyltin dichloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 tonnes per annum.
Dibutyltin dichloride is used in articles, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dibutyltin dichloride (usually referred to simply as DBTC) is an organotin substance that appears colorless to slightly yellowish-brownish at room temperature.
Dibutyltin dichloride is readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ether and alcohols but is very difficult to dissolve in water.
Decomposition (hydrolysis) occurs in hot water.

Dibutyltin dichloride is flammable, low volatile and has a pungent odor.

Produced by reacting tetrabutyltin with tin(IV) chloride, Dibutyltin dichloride is a catalyst and stabilizer with a wide range of applications and even acts as a fungicide.

Dibutyltin Dichloride is a chemical compound comprising two bromine atoms and two chlorine atoms.
Dibutyltin dichloride is a colorless and odorless substance, with relatively low toxicity.

Dibutyltin dichloride serves as a catalyst for the production of polymeric materials, as well as lubricants and other industrial products.
Dibutyltin Dichloride has been proposed as an enzyme inhibitor, offering insight into Dibutyltin dichloride is impact on polymer synthesis and organic compound production.

Hydrolysis products of dibutyltin dichlorides:
The hydrolysis of di-s-butyltin dichloride yields similar products to those found for the di-n-butyl compound whereas the hydrolysis behaviour of di-t-butyltin dichloride is markedly different.
Distannoxanes are not found in the latter case but instead di-t-butyltin hydroxide chloride is obtained.
Under strongly basic conditions di-t-butyltin oxide is formed which has unusual structural properties and can easily be converted into a ‘dihydroxide'.

Variants of Dibutyltin dichloride:

In addition to the normal Dibutyltin dichloride, BNT also offers dibutyltin dichloride in various versions:
In DIDP solution (diisodecyl phthalate) as a catalyst for adhesives based on polyurethane and for silicone sealants; or in xylene as a catalyst for the production of silicones.

BNT-CAT 410:
Dibutyltin dichloride from the production of BNT is shipped in polyethylene-lined drums of 30 liters or in barrels of 205 liters.
In the closed original packaging, Dibutyltin dichloride has a minimum shelf life of 6 months without loss of quality.

BNT-CAT 411:
BNT-CAT 411 (dibutyltin dichloride in DIDP solution) is liquid at room temperature and colorless to slightly yellowish.
Crystallizations can occur below 10°C, which is why Dibutyltin dichloride must be heated to 35 to 40°C before use and a sample must be taken to determine the homogeneity.

BNT-CAT 411 is supplied in polyethylene-lined drums and can be stored in the sealed, original containers at storage temperatures above 20°C for at least 6 months without quality deviations.
If the temperature is or has been lower, Dibutyltin dichloride may need to be heated for homogenization.

BNT-CAT 413:
BNT-CAT 413 is a colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Dibutyltin dichloride is not or only slightly miscible with water.

BNT-CAT 413 is shipped in steel cans with a polyethylene lining.
If the original packaging remains closed, Dibutyltin dichloride can be stored for at least 6 months without loss of quality (storage temperature > 0°C).

If stored at a temperature below 0°C, crystallization may occur.
To homogenize the product again, Dibutyltin dichloride must be heated at 35 to 40°C for approx. 30 minutes before use.

Application Fields of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride areas of application are diverse, ranging from intermediate products for the production of other tin compounds to being the decisive component of important end applications on the other.

Dibutyltin dichloride is for example, a precursor substance from which a number of other tin compounds are made, including products for coating container glass bottles.
Dibutyltin dichloride serves as a processing aid, process regulator and ion exchanger.

As a catalytic active ingredient, Dibutyltin dichloride is used in esterification reactions, the production of silicones and polyurethanes, foam plastics, adhesives or sealants.
In this way, dibutyltin dichloride is used in a wide variety of end products: thermal insulation and coatings, food packaging, medical devices or electronics.
In silicones, Dibutyltin dichloride finds its way into sealants, paper coatings and even dental products.

For the modification of synthetic rubbers, Dibutyltin dichloride is a reactive process additive that improves the solubility of the soot black additives in the compound.

Another area in which Dibutyltin dichloride is processed is the light and heat stabilization of PVC plastics.
Concentrations between 0.3% and about 3% are common here. End-use applications include, for example, packaging materials or textile products.

Uses of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride is used as organotin intermediate, a general-purpose stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, an esterification catalyst, and a veterinary vermicide and tapeworm remedy.
Dialkyltin compounds are the best general-purpose stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, esp if colorlessness and transparency are required.
Dibutyltin as well as monobutyltins are used increasingly as esterification catalysts for the mfr of organic esters used in plasticizers, lubricants, & heat-transfer fluids.

Industry Uses:

Intermediates:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Properties of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride is a flammable, slightly volatile, white to yellow solid with a pungent odor, which is very sparingly soluble in water and slowly decomposes in Dibutyltin dichloride.
Dibutyltin dichloride has a dipole moment of 4.38 Debye in benzene.

Manufacturing Methods of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Prepared by any of 3 different reactions, (Grignard, Wurtz-Fittig, or aluminum exchange) all of which employ tin tetrachloride as a reactant in a two-step synthesis that first produces tetrabutyltin as an intermediate.

Dibutyltin dichloride is mfr by Kocheshkov redistribution from crude tetrabutyltin and stannic chloride and usually is catalyzed with aluminum trichloride.

General Manufacturing Information of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing

With regard to heat stabilizing efficacy, Dibutyltin dichloride is generally accepted that the dialkyltin compounds containing 2 anionic substituents are better than either the monoalkyl- or trialkyltin derivatives.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Dibutyltin dichloride:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Teratogens:
An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.

Immunosuppressive Agents:
Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action.
Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS.
While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Handling and storage of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Storage conditions:
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1A: Combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

Stability and reactivity of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Dibutyltin dichloride is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with: Oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid:
Heat.
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First aid measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Dibutyltin dichloride safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.

In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.
Do not attempt to neutralise.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Tin/tin oxides
Combustible.

Fire may cause evolution of:
Hydrogen chloride gas
Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.

Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid generation and inhalation of dusts in all circumstances.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Disposal Methods:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Preventive Measures:
If employees' clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.
Clothing contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be placed in closed containers for storage until Dibutyltin dichloride can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of contaminant from the clothing.

If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the contaminant, the person performing the operation should be informed of contaminant's hazard properties.
Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be removed promptly & not reworn until the contaminant is removed.

Where exposure of an employee's body to dibutyltin dichloride or liquids containing dibutyltin dichloride may occur, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use.
Skin that becomes contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water to remove any contaminant.

Workers subject to skin contact with solid dibutyltin dichloride should wash with soap or mild detergent & water any areas of the body that may have contacted any contaminant at the end of each work day.
Eating & smoking should not be permitted in areas where dibutyltin dichloride is handled, processed, or stored.
Employees who handle dibutyltin dichloride should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent & water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.

Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing.
Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.
All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Wherever possible, safer substitutes should be used in the place of alkyltin compounds.
When Dibutyltin dichloride is necessary to make and use them handling should be done in enclosed systems equipped with exhaust ventilation.

Engineering control should ensure that exposure limits are not exceeded.
Personal protective equipment should be worn, & in appropriate circumstances respiratory protection should be used.
Emergency showers should be installed to allow workers to wash immediately after splashes.

Identifiers of Dibutyltin dichloride:
CAS number: 683-18-1
EC index number: 050-022-00-X
EC number: 211-670-0
Hill Formula: C₈H₁₈Cl₂Sn
Chemical formula: (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂SnCl₂
Molar Mass: 303.83 g/mol
HS Code: 2931 90 00

Linear Formula: (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2SnCl2
MDL Number: MFCD00000518
EC No.: 211-670-0
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 3535484
Pubchem CID: 12688
IUPAC Name: dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
SMILES: InChI=1S/2C4H9.2ClH.Sn/c2*1-3-4-2;;;/h2*1,3-4H2,2H3;2*1H;/q;;;;+2/p-2
InchI Identifier: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(Cl)Cl
InchI Key: RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS: 683-18-1
MDL Number: MFCD00000518
InChI Key: RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID: 12688
IUPAC Name: dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
SMILES: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(Cl)Cl

Properties of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Boiling point: 148 °C (16 hPa)
Density: 1.4 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 144 - 148 °C
Melting Point: 37 - 38 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.0016 hPa (25 °C)
Solubility: 0.32 g/l

Molecular Weight: 303.84 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 303.980759 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 303.980759 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 84.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

vapor pressure: 0.0016 hPa ( 25 °C)
Quality Level: 200
form: crystals
potency: 50 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
bp: 148 °C/16 hPa
mp: 37-38 °C
transition temp: flash point 144-148 °C
solubility: 0.32 g/L
density: 1.4 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.: 2-30°C
InChI: 1S/2C4H9.2Cl.Sn/c2*1-3-4-2;;;/h2*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;
InChI key: QBJCDRCOQAVMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Compound Formula: C8H18Cl2Sn
Molecular Weight: 303.85
Appearance: White to off-white crystals or crystalline solid
Melting Point: 37-38 °C
Boiling Point: 135-148 °C
Density: 1.43 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 0.32 g/l
Exact Mass: 303.981 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 303.981 g/mol

Specifications of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Assay (argentometric): ≥ 98.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 37 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 41 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 39.0°C to 41.0°C
Color: White to Beige
Density: 1.4000g/mL
Boiling Point: 135.0°C (10.0 mmHg)
Flash Point: 112°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 97%
Packaging: Glass bottle
Molecular Formula: C8H18Cl2Sn
Linear Formula: [CH3(CH2)3]2SnCl2
Quantity: 250 g
Fieser: 01,213; 01,1294; 05,622
Specific Gravity: 1.4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 303.842
Formula Weight: 303.83
Percent Purity: 97%
Physical Form: Crystalline Low Melting Solid
Chemical Name or Material: Dibutyltin dichloride

Names of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Regulatory process names:
(DBTC)
Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity
Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid
Di-n-butyltin dichloride
Dibutyldichlorostannane
Dibutyldichlorotin
Dibutylstannium dichloride
Dibutyltin chloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC)
dibutyltin dichloride; (DBTC)

Translated names:
(DBTC) (bg)
(DBTC) (da)
(DBTC) (el)
(DBTC) (es)
(DBTC) (et)
(DBTC) (fi)
(DBTC) (fr)
(DBTC) (hr)
(DBTC) (hu)
(DBTC) (it)
(DBTC) (lt)
(DBTC) (lv)
(DBTC) (mt)
(DBTC) (nl)
(DBTC) (no)
(DBTC) (pl)
(DBTC) (pt)
(DBTC) (ro)
(DBTC) (sk)
(DBTC) (sl)
(DBTC) (sv)
DBTC (cs)
dibutil-ón-diklorid (hu)
dibutilalavo dichloridas (lt)
dibutilalvas dihlorīds (lv)
dibutilkositrov diklorid (hr)
dibutilkositrov diklorid (sl)
dibutylcíndichlorid (cs)
dibutyldichlórstanán (sk)
dibutyltenndiklorid (sv)
dibutyltin dichloride (mt)
dibutyltindichlorid (da)
dibutyltindichloride (nl)
dibutyltinndiklorid (no)
Dibutylzinnchlorid (de)
Dibutylzinndichlorid (de)
Dibutyylitinadikloridi (fi)
dibutüültinadikloriid (et)
dichlorek dibutylocyny (pl)
dichlorure de dibutylétain;(DBTC) (fr)
dicloreto de dibutilestanho (pt)
dicloruro de dibutilestaño (es)
dicloruro di dibutilstagno (it)
diclorură de dibutil staniu (ro)
χλωριούχος διβουτυλοκασσίτερος (el)
дибутилкалаен дихлорид (bg)

CAS names:
Stannane, dibutyldichloro-

IUPAC names:
dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
dibutylstannanebis(ylium) dichloride
Dibutyltin Dichloride
dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
Stannane, dibutyldichloro-

Trade names:
Axion CS 2430
DBTCl
DIBUTYLDICHLOROSTANNANE
dibutyltindichloride; (DBTC)
Tin dibutyl-dichloride

Other name:
DBTC
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE = DBTDL = [DIBUTYL(DODECANOYLOXY)STANNYL] DODECANOATE


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number: 201-039-8
MDL number: MFCD00008963
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn / (C4H9)2Sn(OOC(CH2)10CH3)2



Dibutyltin dilaurate is a clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is colorless or yellowish transparent liquid


Tin content of Dibutyltin dilaurate is 18.2±0.2%.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound that is usually abbreviated to DBTL or DBTDL.
The colorless to yellowish liquid, Dibutyltin dilaurate, has an oily consistency, is extremely flammable and gives off a fatty acid-like smell.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in acetone, methanol or other organic solvents, but is practically insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a light yellow or colorless oily liquid, low temperature into a white crystalline powder.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in benzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, in most common solvents and various industrial plasticizer, insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent transparency, lubricity and weather resistance.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a water insoluble oily liquid which can be produced by heating lauric acid with dibutyltin oxide.


Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be produced from dibutyltin chloride and sodium laurate.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also known as di-n-butyldilauryltin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane and dibutyltin didodecanoate.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a yellow liquid which has C32H64O4Sn as chemical formula.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.


Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent transparency and lubricating property.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is resistant to weathering.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate promotes the urethane (polyol-isocyanate) reaction for the production of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives and sealants.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colourless oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two laurate groups attached to a dibutyltin(IV) center.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the carbonyl oxygen centers are weakly bonded to tin.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is light yellow transparent liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's relative density was 1. 066.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's Freezing point is 8 ℃.


Dibutyltin dilaurate's density is 1. 0425kg/L, flash point 226.7 ℃.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in acetone and benzene, insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.


Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.
Dibutyltin dilaurate compound takes on the appearance of a colourless oily liquid.


Each year, imports and manufacture of Dibutyltin dilaurate in the European Economic Area are in the order of 100 to 1000 tonnes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is PVC plastic additives, with excellent lubricity, transparency and weather resistance.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is resistance to sulfide pollution is better, but the heat resistance is poor.


Dibutyltin dilaurate acts as a primary stabilizer in soft transparent articles and as a lubricant in hard transparent articles.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a clear yellow viscous liquid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as a stabilizer of PVC, mainly used for soft and semi-soft PVC products
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a polyurethane catalyst.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used for synthesis.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, DBTDL is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in the vulcanizing cure of silicones at room temperatures.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.


Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst .
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as polyurethane foam plastic, PVC foam, silicon rubber composite material is used as a catalyst and foaming activator.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a variety of adhesives used in synthesis catalyst.


Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyzes esterification reactions, transesterification reactions and polycondensation reactions and has become the industry standard for coatings, adhesives, solvents and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride, curing agent for silicone rubber, catalyst for polyurethane foam, etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a stabilizer (polyvinyl chloride resins, vinyl resins, lacquers, and elastomers), a catalyst for urethane and silicones, and a drug (anthelmintic and coccidiostat).


Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for polyurethane coatings, inks, adhesives and sealants.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for room temperature vulcanized silica gel, adhesives, and caulking agents.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in polyurethane rigid foam, spraying, pouring, plate, etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as heat stabilizer in PVC soft products


Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for silane cross-linked products.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a polymerization catalyst used in the preparation of a variety of polymers, such as ureidopyrimidone polymer networks.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in chain extensions of certain telechelic polymers.
Dibutyl tin dilaurate is a versatile catalyst that can be used in various urethen crosslinking reaction and silanol condensation reactions.


Dibutyltin dilaurate drives the addition of alcohols with isocyanates to accelerate and complete the formation of urethanes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is stable to hydrolysis but will hydrolyze in the presence of aqueous caustic at roomtemperature.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is incorporated into the final product and does not require removal.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a liquid catalyst for ease of processing.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink two-component urethane coating systems for automotive, industrial and refinish coatings.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink RTV silicon systems for the caulk and sealants markets.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink polyethylene / silane co polymer systems for the wire and cable industry.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is absorbed on silica is used to crosslink urethane powder coating for exterior applications.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for curing silicones, as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins, as a corrosion inhibitor, and in veterinary use, to treat tapeworms in chickens.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as catalyst in the production of polyurethane and curing of room temperature vulcanising silicon rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate also finds application as catalyst in the manufacture of silane-crosslinking polyolefins.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in heat stabilisers in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in soft and transparent PVC products.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a very useful catalyst for the production of urethane foams, PU foams, silicone, and other applications.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst for curing silicones, as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins, as a corrosion inhibitor, and in veterinary use, to treat tapeworms in chickens.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as catalyst for polymerizing lactide and glycolide and isocyanate reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants and coating products.


Other release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Dibutyltin dilaurate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as heat stabilizer for PVC, curing agent for silicone rubber, catalyst for polyurethane foam, etc
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of polyurethane foams.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in the production of polyether and polyester based polyurethanes.
Further Dibutyltin dilaurate finds its application as catalyst in both adhesives and sealants.


Other uses of Dibutyltin dilaurate include heat stabilizer for PVC and room temperature vulcanization (RTV) of sillicone polymers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.


Dibutyltin Dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound used as a catalyst or preservative in various industrial applications.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used, for example, in the production of polyurethane.
Releases of dibutyltin dilaurate (CAS: 77-58-7) into the environment can occur on industrial sites and in the construction sector, but also in domestic use when using detergents, cleaning products, paints and adhesives.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an important PU catalyst for catalyzing the reaction of carboxyl groups with isocyanates.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also widely used in PU related products such as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers and so on.
Effectively promote the chain growth, speed up the curing process.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also applied to PU soft and rigid foam, use with tertiary amine can improve the balance of foam and gel efficiency.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst for the synthesis of polyurethane foam, silicone rubber curing agent.


Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of polyurethane and the curing of room temperature vulcanising silicon rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst in the production of silane-crosslinking polyolefins.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in PVC heat stabilizers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a highly reactive solvent-free catalyst for varied chemical cross-linking systems and chemical syntheses.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used for polyurethane- and silicone-syntheses as well as for PURcoatings, PUR-foams and silicone cross linking.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used for solvent-borne and solvent-free, one- and two-component polyurethane coatings, e.g. for automotive refinish coatings and industrial coatings as well as for coil- and cancoatings.
Further applications are the manufacturing of PUR-foams and silicon polymers.


-Other Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
The catalytic effect of the dibutyltin dilaurate is used in other areas, such as acrylic acid esters, the production of silica esters or alkyd resins.
For screen printing processes, print shop chemicals with Dibutyltin dilaurate content can be used.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
*PU catalyst
*PU resin reaction synthesis catalyst
*PU foam catalyst
*Polyurethane series related products such as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers
*Soft and rigid foam


-Dibutyltin Dilaurate uses and applications include:
Heat stabilizer for vinyl resins, lacquers, elastomers; lubricant for flexible vinyls; catalyst for PU foam and silicone elastomers; catalyst for food-contact PU resins and PU resins in food packaging adhesives; plasticizer


-As PVC Stabilizer:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is only through the use of stabilizers that PVC plastics are given a durability with which they can be used economically.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has such stabilizing properties and protects the final product from heat and UV irradiation.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
PVC stabilizer products and lubricants soft PVC transparent products or semi soft products, with stearic acid barium, cadmium stearic acid and other metal soap or epoxy compound and has good lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and plasticizer compatibility, spray cream, no curing pollution, on the heat resistance and printing without adverse effects.
Such as: soft film, film, plastic shoes, PVC hose and conveyor belt.
Especially can be used as catalyst for polyurethane foam products. In rigid PVC products, this product can be used as, and maleic acid organic tin or thiol organic tin and use, improve resin fluidity.


-Polyurethane:
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst finds greatest use in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams.
In demanding applications where amine catalysis alone is inadequate, the extra activity obtained by the synergistic combination of organometallics like Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst with an amine catalyst permits the required rapid catalysis.
Examples include high-density structural foam, sprayup wall insulation and rigid boardstock run at high line speeds.
Even when used at levels as low as 0.1 phr based on polyol, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is especially effective in promoting rapid gel and tack-free times.
Tetravalent diorganotins like Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst are known throughout the industry as promoters of the reaction of isocyanates with polyols to form polyurethanes, and of the secondary crosslinking reactions to form allophonate and biuret linkages.


-Thermoplastics:
The grafted polyethylene can then be immediately crosslinked in the presence of a tin catalyst.
-Other applications:
Polyamide and phenolic resins, light and heat stabilizers.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
*Crosslinked Coatings of two- component PU for Automobile Coatings, Industrial Paint, Finish Paint .etc.
*Room Temperature Vulcanization(RTV) for Adhesive, Joint mixture
*Catalysts for Cross-linking reaction of Polyurethane and Condensation reaction of Silanol
*Heat-stabilizer of soft PVC products
*RPUF, Spraying, pouring etc
*Curing agent



PROPERTIES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a kind of catalyst with strong gel properties.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a catalyst with strong gel properties, suitable for paints and inks.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for elastomer, silicone rubber, adhesive, sealant, coating, soft and hard foam, foam forming, RIM etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC thermal stabilizer for soft and semi-soft polyvinyl chloride products, such as transparent film, PVC pipe and artificial leather.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as catalyst in silicone rubber or rubber to prevent priducts from yellowing at high temperature.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as catalyst for crosslinking reaction of actylate rubber and carboxyl rubber, synthesis of polyirethane foam and polyester synthesis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used in the high-density structure foam, spraying hard foam and hard foam sheet with amine catalyst together.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is used photothermal stabilizer suitalbe for polyamide and phenolic resin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as an effective lubricant in hard transparent products.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless to yellow liquid, low-temperature white crystals.

Dibutyltin dilaurate soluble in the most common ,such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether and other solvents and various industrial plasticizers, Dibutyltin dilaurate is insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate promotes rapid gelation and tack-free times.

Dibutyltin dilaurate improves mechanical properties in molded and slabstock foams.
Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates the chemical reactions of syntheses processes and technical applications, based on chemical reactive groups, especially polyol- and isocyanate-groups.

This allows optimal control of cross linking reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurateensures fast blocking stability and earlier processing of polyurethane coatings (provides increased film hardness, earlier chemical resistance and allows earlier sanding of the coating).

The use of Dibutyltin dilaurate in stoving enamels results in lower reaction temperatures or reduced reaction time, even for systems formulated with blocked reaction components.
In case of special silicones, Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates the cross linking of individual components and enables to build-up a certain required polymer structure.



DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE AS CATALYST FOR SILICONES:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a universally applicable catalyst for the crosslinking of cold vulcanizing silicone rubbers and silane-modified polymers and is widely used: from “construction market” silicone for sealing tiles at home to industrial applications such as in the production of cables, cast resin systems or RTV sealants used in the automotive industry.
Two modes of action are possible:

The DBTL catalyst supports the curing of room temperature crosslinking silicone rubbers.
Exposed to the air, the ambient humidity reacts with the tin compound and the silicone mass solidifies.
Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates this reaction and provides better processing properties.
Alternatively used two-component silicones harden not only by contact with the humidity, but require a second reaction partner to be supplied.



DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE AS CATALYST FOR POLYURETHANE SYSTEMS:
Another application of dibutyltin dilaurate is the production of polyurethanes for a wide variety of end applications: hard foams, sealants, adhesives, paints and coatings or large floors, ….
As an additive, DBTL accelerates the connection of the individual reaction partners in order to reduce the curing time.
For example, it is a common crosslinking catalyst that can be used for 2-component urethanes in the automotive industry or for other industrial applications, such as the coating of tanks, pipelines or floor coverings.

On silica adsorbed, DBTL is used in urethane-based powder coatings for areas that have to withstand high weather loads.
Soft and solid PU foams are a standard solution for plastic molded parts that have to withstand loads in everyday life, such as seats or cladding.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also a widely used gelling catalyst.
The application possibilities also include elastomers.



PREPARATION METHOD of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
ethyl iodide is produced by the reaction of butanol with iodine and phosphorus.
Iodoethane reacts with tin powder and magnesium powder to produce iodobutyltin, which is refined and treated with caustic soda to obtain dibutyltin oxide.
Dibutyltin oxide and lauric acid are condensed at 60 °c to form dibutyltin laurate.



DECOMPOSOTION of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.



REACTIVITY of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is very stable in aqueous solution, but in alkaline solution at room temperature, hydrolysis.



ADVANTAGES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Excellent weather resistance
*Outstanding heat resistance
*Great transparency
*Odorless
*Superb catalyst reaction efficiency



COMPOUND TYPE of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Household Toxin
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Organic Compound
*Organometallic
*Synthetic Compound
*Tin Compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Straight chain fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organotin compounds
*Organic salts
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Straight chain fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic salt
*Organotin compound
*Organooxygen compound
*Organometallic compound
*Organic post-transition metal moeity
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Chemical formula: (CH3(CH2)10CO2)Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass: 631.570 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor: Fatty
Density: 1.066 g/cm3
Melting point: 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K)
Boiling point: 205 °C at 1.3 kPa
Solubility in water: Practically insoluble (less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (20 °C))
Solubility: Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in: petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure:
Refractive index (nD): 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)
Viscosity: 42 cP
Appearance: colorless to yellow liquid
Tin content: 17.0~19.0%
Density at 25℃: 1.06g/ml
Boiling point at 12mmHg: >205℃
Flash point, Tag closed cup: 113℃
Refractive index (25℃): 1.471
Compound Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 631.56
Appearance: Yellow liquid

Melting Point: 22-24 °C
Boiling Point: 205 °C
Density: 1.066 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 632.382655
Monoisotopic Mass: 632.382655
Molecular Weight: 631.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 30
Exact Mass: 632.382663
Monoisotopic Mass: 632.382663
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6 Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 37
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 477
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Appearance: yellow liquid to paste (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.06600 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.47100 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 23.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 560.00 to 561.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.120
Soluble in: water, 3 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Physical state: solid
Color: colorless, to, light yellow
Odor: fatty odor
Melting point: 28,5 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 205 °C at 130 hPa - (ECHA)
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 189 - 193 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 250 °C -
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility 0,00143 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water Pow: 27.700; log Pow: 4,44 at 21 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,066 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Appearance: Yellowish oily liquid
Tin Content: 18.2
Density: 1.05±0.02
Refractive Index: 1.468±0.001
Boiling Point: >204℃/12mm
Melting Point: 22-24℃
Freezing Point: ≤8℃
Flash Point: >230℃
Volatile: ≤0.4%

Boiling point: >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 191 °C
Ignition temperature: >200 °C
Melting Point: 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure: Solubility:
Formula: (C4H9)2Sn(OOC(CH2)10CH3)2 / C32H64O4Sn
Molecular mass: 631.6
Boiling point at 1.3kPa: 205°C
Melting point: 22-24°C
Vapour pressure: negligible
Solubility in water: none
Flash point: 191°C
Density (at 20°C): 1.05 g/cm³
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 4.44
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 560.5±19.0 °C at 760 mmHg

Melting Point: 22-24°C
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 631.558
Flash Point: 292.8±21.5 °C
Exact Mass: 632.382690
PSA: 52.60000
LogP: 17.44
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Stability: Stability Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
[Dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Butynorate
Davainex
DBTDL
DBTL
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Dibutyltindilaurate
Lauric acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
Stabilizer D-22
T 12 (catalyst)
Tinostat
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
DSSTox_CID_4961
DSSTox_RID_77599
DSSTox_GSID_24961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
DTXSID6024961
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
ZINC169743348
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane
Dibutyl bis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylzinnbislaurat
Butylzinn Dilaurat
Dibutylbis (lauroyloxy) stannan
Dibutylbis ((1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannan
DBTDL
DBTL
DI-N-BUTYLDILAURYLTIN
DI-N-BUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLBIS(LAUROYLOXY)STANNANE
DIBUTYLBIS(LAUROYLOXY)TIN
DIBUTYLTIN DIDODECANOATE
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN(IV) DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE
DBTDL, Dabco T-12, DBTL
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Butynorate
Cata-Chek 820
DBTL
DXR 81
Davainex
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Fomrez sul-4
KS 20
Kosmos 19
Lankromark LT 173
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
Laustan-B
Mark 1038
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Neostann U 100
Ongrostab BLTM
SM 2014C
Stabilizer D-22
Stanclere DBTL
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Stavincor 1200 SN
Stavinor 1200 SN
T 12
T 12 (VAN)
T 12 (catalyst)
TN 12
TN 12 (catalyst)
TVS Tin Lau
TVS-TL 700
Therm chek 820
Thermolite T 12
Tin dibutyl dilaurate
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Tinostat
UN2788 (liquid)
UN3146 (solid)
Aids010213
Aids-010213
Ditin butyl dilaurate(dibutyl bis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-Stannane)
dibutyltin(IV) dodecanoate
Two dibutyltin dilaurate
The two butyltintwo lauricacid;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Di-n-butylin dilaurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
DBTL
BT-25
dibutyltin
dodecanoate
Dibutyltin Laurate
Dibutyltindilaurate
Dibutyltin Dilaurate
Di-n-butyldilauryltin
Di-N-Butyltin Dilaurate
Dibutyltin(Iv) Dilaurate
Dibutyltin Didodecanoate
Dibutylbis(Lauroyloxy)Tin
dibutyl(didodecyl)stannane
Dibutylbis(Lauroyloxy)Stannane










DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Nom INCI : DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of dibutyltin dilaurate are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst.

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

Dibutyltin dilaurate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)

Uses
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and Dibutyltin dilaurate has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin dilaurate is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now it has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is toxic materials.

Stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins.
Catalyst for curing certain silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin dilaurate acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Production method
Dibutyltin dilaurate is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.
After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin dilaurate is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be absorbed through the skin.
It irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
It is a neurotoxin.
It can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is combustible.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's vapor is denser than air, so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin dilaurate emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Laustan-B
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
TN 12 (catalyst)
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Stavincor 1200 SN
KS 20
TN 12
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
DTXSID6024961
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
MFCD00008963
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
AI3-26331
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane
CAS-77-58-7
Butyl norate
Stabilizer D 22
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
LS-1710
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL)
DESCRIPTION:
Dibutyltin dilaurate (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst .


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number, 201-039-8
IUPAC Name: [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn

SYNONYMS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):

DBTDL;dbtl;t12;tn12;davainex;tinostat;butynorate;DI-N-BUTYLTIN DILAURATE;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%;bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-stannan, Di-n-butyltin dilaurate, Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane, Dibutylbis(laurato)tin, Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin, Dibutylstannylene dilaurate, Dibutyltin didodecanoate, Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate, Tin dibutyl dilaurate, Dodecanoic acid,1,1′-(dibutylstannylene) ester;Dibutyltin dilaurate;Stannane,dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Stannane,dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-;Tin,dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Lauric acid,dibutylstannylene deriv.;Butynorate;DBTL;Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin;Stabilizer D 22;Tin dibutyl dilaurate;Stanclere DBTL;Davainex;TVS Tin Lau;Dibutyltin didodecanoate;Dibutylbis(laurato)tin;Mark 1038;Tinostat;Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate;Stavinor 1200SN;Dibutylstannylene dilaurate;T 12;TVS-TL 700;Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane;Stann SB 430A;KS 20;Neostann U 100;Stanclere TL;DBTDL;Cata-Chek 820;Mark BT 18;TN 12 (catalyst);TN 12;Thermolite T 12;SM 2014C;Di-n-butyltin dilaurate;Stann BL;DXR 81;Lankromark LT 173;Ongrostab BLTM;Kosmos 19;Mark BT 11;TVS-TL 800;Advastab T 12P;BL 42A;Dabco T 12;CAT 11;SCAT 1;CAT 11 (catalyst);Fascat 4202;Metacure T 12;U 100;Meister ZL 4401;BT 18;TL 1000;ADK Stab BT 11;Nitto 8501;BT 11;Cotin 200;Tegokat 218;Thorcat 401;C 101;C 101 (stabilizer);Fomrez SUL 4;NSC 2607;Metatin 712;Jeffcat T 12;TL 1000 (catalyst);DOD-D 82727;Dabco T 12N;SD-L 101;Liocat 118;SUL 4;TL 10;TL 10 (catalyst);DBTD;TinStab BL 277;Desmorapid Z;ZT 102;Octaflow BT 71;SCAT 1W;Baerostab DBTL/C;Reatinor 932;Metatin K 712;Mark DBTL;Liocat 119;Niax T 12;CP;K 1 Type A;CP (catalyst);D 22;KS 1260;DBTL-KS 1260;Mark BT 1;Embilizer L 101;L 101;Reaxis C 218;Addocat 210;KS 120;A 201;Gleck TL;Foamate S 9;D 80;358-50-9;7428-79-7;8028-83-9;70620-28-9;125199-87-3;185915-28-0;211990-09-9;1204812-53-2;1542381-47-4;1702279-08-0;1702279-15-9;2056906-49-9
Butynorate
Davainex
dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
dibutyltin dilaurate
Tinostat
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959








Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of dibutyltin dilaurate are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, Dibutyltin dilaurate also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.


PRODUCTION METHOD OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.
After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.


DECOMPOSITION OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C[2]), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom

USES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For it is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.

Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin dilaurate has developed a number of modified varieties.

Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
The product is toxic materials.
Rat oral is LD50 of 175mg/kg.


Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is an organotin compound that is used as a catalyst.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colourless oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two laurate groups attached to a dibutyltin(IV) center.


Dibutyltin Dilaurate, also known as DBTDL, is an organotin compound used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from diols and isocyanates.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.




BENEFITS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYSTS FOR POLYURETHANE COATINGS:
Dibutyltin Dilaurate improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
This catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.

APPLICATIONS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Ideal applications for Dibutyltin Dilaurate include solvent-based, chemical cross-linking, two-component polyurethane systems.


FEATURES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is Suitable to accelerate the cross-linking process of solvent-based two-component PU coatings
Dibutyltin Dilaurate Improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water

Dibutyltin Dilaurate Enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties
Dibutyltin Dilaurate Can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Chemical formula, (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass, 631.570 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor, Fatty
Density, 1.066 g/cm3
Melting point, 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K)
Boiling point, 205 °C at 1.3 kPa
Solubility in water, Practically insoluble (less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (20 °C))
Solubility, Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure, Refractive index (nD), 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)
Viscosity, 42 cP
vapor pressure
0.2 mmHg ( 160 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
95%
refractive index
n20/D 1.471 (lit.)
density
1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Metal content , Sn: 18.2 – 18.9 %
Non-volatile content , >= 95.00 % ASTM D 1644
Viscosity , A-3 to C ASTM D 2373
Specific gravity , 1.02 – 1.07 (25°C) ASTM D 1963
STORAGE
Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from sources of ignition.
Store in original container.
Store in accordance with local regulations.
Keep at temperatures between 5 °C and 30 °C.
CAS number, 77-58-7
EC number, 201-039-8
Hill Formula, C₃₂H₆₄O₄Sn
Molar Mass, 631.56 g/mol
HS Code, 2931 90 00
Boiling point, >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point, 191 °C
Ignition temperature, >200 °C
Melting Point, 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure, Solubility, Molecular Weight
631.6 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
30
Exact Mass
632.382663 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
632.382663 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count
37
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
477
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Melting point, 22-24°C
Boiling point, >204°C/12mm
Density, 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure, 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
refractive index, n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Flash point, >230 °F
storage temp., Store below +30°C.
solubility, <1.43mg/l
form, Oily Liquid
color, Clear pale yellow
Specific Gravity, 1.066
Water Solubility, FreezingPoint, 8℃
Merck, 14,3038
BRN, 4156980
Exposure limits, ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability, Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey, UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP, 3.120
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances, DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
FDA 21 CFR, 175.300; 177.1680
CAS DataBase Reference, 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII, L4061GMT90
EPA Substance Registry System, Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)
Boiling point, 205 °C
Density, 1.043 g/ml @ 28.50 ºC
Flash point, ± 191.00 °C
Melting point, 28.50 °C
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 4.44
Solubility in water, Insoluble (< 0.1 mg/l)
Vapour pressure, 7.7 x 10-6 Pa @ 25°C
PSA:
52.60000
XLogP3:
10.95700
Appearance:
yellow liquid
Density:
1.05 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point:
22-24 °C
Boiling Point:
205 °C @ Press: 9.8 Torr
Flash Point:
226ºC
Refractive Index:
n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Water Solubility:
H2O: Vapor Pressure:
0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Vapor Density:
21.8 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)|21.8 (Air = 1)
Toxicity:
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 175 mg/kg
Air and Water Reactions:
This compound may be sensitive to air or heat. (NTP, 1992). Insoluble in water.
Reactive Group:
Salts, Basic
Reactivity Profile:
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE is strongly reactive with many other groups. Incompatible with acids and bases. Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTL)
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Synonyms
DBTDL;Aids010213;Aids-010213;Ditin butyl dilaurate(dibutyl bis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-Stannane);dibutyltin(IV) dodecanoate;Two dibutyltin dilaurate;The two butyltintwo lauricacid;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%;Dibutyltin dilaurate;77-58-7;Di-n-butyltin dilaurate;Butynorate;Davainex;Tinostat;Stanclere DBTL;Dibutyltin laurate;Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin;Stabilizer D-22;TVS Tin Lau;DBTL;T 12 (catalyst);Dibutylbis(laurato)tin;Dibutyltin didodecanoate;Stavinor 1200 SN;Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate;Ongrostab BLTM;Fomrez sul-4;Dibutylstannylene dilaurate;Thermolite T 12;Mark 1038;Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane;Kosmos 19;Therm chek 820;Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-;TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE;Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat;Neostann U 100;Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Cata-Chek 820;Lankromark LT 173;TVS-TL 700;Dibutylstannium dilaurate;Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-;Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Laudran di-n-butylcinicity;Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt;Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.;dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate;Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-;T 12;[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate;KS 20;TN 12;Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate);Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane;Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.;DTXSID6024961;MFCD00008963;NCGC00166115-01;Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-;Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester;dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester;DTXCID404961;Laustan-B;CAS-77-58-7;Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate;TN 12 (catalyst);Stavincor 1200 SN;Mark BT 11;Mark BT 18;Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane;Butyl norate;CCRIS 4786;DXR 81;Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German];HSDB 5214;T 12 (VAN);Stabilizer D 22

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Uses
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.

In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is toxic materials.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.
Clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.
Stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins.
Catalyst for curing certain silicones.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.

After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Hazards and Toxicity
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is combustible.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL)'s vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYST
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a catalyst.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is an organotin compound that is usually abbreviated to DBTL or DBTDL.
The colorless to yellowish liquid has an oily consistency, is extremely flammable and gives off a fatty acid-like smell.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is soluble in acetone, methanol or other organic solvents, but is practically insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst catalyzes esterification reactions, transesterification reactions and polycondensation reactions and has become the industry standard for coatings, adhesives, solvents and elastomers.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst (77-58-7)

Uses
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.

Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now it has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.

Hazards and toxicity
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is combustible.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst's vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE (POLYURETHANE CATALYST)
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) (77-58-7)
It is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.

Uses
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is a neurotoxin.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is combustible.
Its vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE (POLYURETHANE CATALYST)
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.

Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) (77-58-7)
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.

Uses
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.

In hard products, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Hazards and Toxicity
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is combustible.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst)'s vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE
DI-C12-13 ALKYL TARTRATE, N° CAS : 94095-06-4, Nom INCI : DI-C12-13 ALKYL TARTRATE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 302-210-0 Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
DI-C12-13 ALKYL TARTRATE
DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE, Nom INCI : DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE
DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7757-93-9, Nom INCI : DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-826-1, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.Agent de foisonnement : Réduit la densité apparente des cosmétiques. Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)
DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE
CALCII HYDROGENOPHOSPHAS DIHYDRICUS; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE-2-HYDRATE; CALCIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC, DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, DIBASIC; DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; PHOSPHORIC ACID CALCIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE; Calciumhydrogenphosphate,dih; Calciumhydrogenphosphate,medicinal; Phosphoricacid,calciumsalt(1:1),dihydrate; DICALCIUM PHOSPHAT; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE-2-HYDRATEEXTRA PURE, DAB, PH.; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC DIHYDRATE PH EUR; CALCIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE 98%; CalciumPhosphateDibasicDihydrateUsp; Dicalciumphosphate,precipitate; Calciumhydrogenphosphatedihyrdate,98%min CAS NO:7789-77-7
DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE
DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, N° CAS : 7757-93-9 / 7789-77-7, Nom INCI : DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, Nom chimique : Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-826-1, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)
DICAPRYL ADIPATE
Dioctylcarbonat; Dioctyl carbonate; DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE; Dicaprylyl Carbonate 99%; Carbonic acid, dioctyl ester; UNII-609A3V1SUA; 609A3V1SUA; dicaprylyl carbonat; di-1-octyl carbonate; carbonic acid dioctyl ester CAS NO:1680-31-5
DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE
Carbonic acid,dioctyl ester; Di-n-octyl-carbonate; Kohlensaeure-di-n-octylester; Dioctyl carbonate; octyl carbonate; Dioctylcarbonat; cas no: 1680-31-5
DICAPRYLYL ETHER
DICAPRYLYL ETHER, N° CAS : 629-82-3, Nom INCI : DICAPRYLYL ETHER, Nom chimique : Dioctyl ether, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-112-6, Classification : Huile estérifiée. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. 1-(Octyloxy)octan [German] 1-(Octyloxy)octane 1-(Octyloxy)octane [French] 1,1'-Oxybisoctane 1748226 211-112-6 [EINECS] 629-82-3 [RN] 8O8 [WLN] Caprylic ether Dicaprylyl ether Di-n-octyl ether Dioctyl ether Ether, di-n-octyl- MFCD00009563 n-Dioctyl ether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis- [ACD/Index Name] Octyl ether RH8800000 [629-82-3] 1-octoxyoctane Antar [Wiki] Cetiol OE dicapryl ether Di-n-Octylether dioctylether EINECS 211-112-6 n-Octyl Ether n-Octylether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis-, octyloxyoctane TL8004344
DICAPRYLYL MALEATE
Dicaprylyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate is classified as : Emollient Skin conditioning Solvent CAS Number 2915-53-9 EINECS/ELINCS No: 220-835-6 COSING REF No: 75673 Chem/IUPAC Name: Dioctyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. Molecular Weight of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.5 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of Dicaprylyl maleate 7 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 18 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Dicaprylyl maleate 52.6 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 24 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Dicaprylyl maleate 305 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Dicaprylyl maleate Is Canonicalized Yes Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. NCI name: Dicaprylyl maleate Alternative names: Bernel EsterDom, Dicaprylylmaleat Origin: Different Definition:Dioctyl maleate INCI function:Emollient, Solvent CAS-No.2915-53-9 EINECS/EILINCS-No.220-835-6 Dicaprylyl maleate is an intermediate used in several chemical production processes. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used in coating applications, and as a phthalate-free alternative to common phthalate-based plasticizers such as Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) Dicaprylyl maleate is a clear, virtually colorless liquid with an ester-like odor.Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives. Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dicaprylyl maleate transposes into the corresponding fumaric-acid dialkyl ester. Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) CAS# 142-16-5 DOWNLOAD SPECSREQUEST QUOTE PROPERTY Appearance Color Ester Content Specific Gravity Moisture UNIT APHA % % SPECIFICATION Clear 50 Maximum 98.5 Minimum 0.939-0.945 0.20 Maximum APPLICATION Dicaprylyl maleate is a maleic acid that can act as a plasticizer and is used in resins to provide elasticity and flexibility. Dicaprylyl maleate is a co-monomer which can be polymerized with vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride (PVC), acrylates as well as stearates. These types of polymerizations with Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in the production of adhesives, emulsion paints, surfactants, textile coatings and wetting agents. GRADES AVAILABLE Technical SYNONYMS Bis(2-ethylhexyl) maleate, di(2-ethylhexyl) maleate (DEHM), Maleic Acid Di(2-ethylhexyl) Ester, Maleic Acid Dioctyl Ester
DICETYL PEROXYDICARBONATE
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat.
Storage of Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is also mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.

CAS: 26322-14-5
MF: C34H66O6
MW: 570.88
EINECS: 247-611-0

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat.
Storage of this material must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is also mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is an initiator for polymerization of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, (meth)acrylates and HMS-PP production by reactive extrusion process.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is used in the temperature range between 45°C and 65°C.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate may be used in combination with other peroxides such as 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxyneodecanoate (Trigonox 423), Cumyl peroxyneodecanoate (Trigonox 99) or Dilauroyl peroxide (Laurox) to increase reactor efficiency.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate possesses low water solubility, low vapor pressure and is quickly and evenly distributed into the monomer.
The shelf life of the Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is 3 months.

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 52 °C
Boiling point: 592.2±33.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 0.936±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Water Solubility: 1μg/L at 20℃
LogP: 15.1 at 25℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate (26322-14-5)

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is a white powder with faint odor.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate presents a bulk density of 0.6 g/cm3 andmelting point of 52°C.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat and its storage must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate decomposes violently or explosively at temperatures 0–10°C owing to self-accelerating exothermic decomposition.
Several recorded explosions were due to shock, heat, or friction; amines and certain metals can cause accelerated decomposition (12d).

Uses
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is an imitator for the copolymerization of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylates, and methacrylates.
No information was located for this compound.
Decomposition or combustion products include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hexadecanol.

Reactivity Profile
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate decomposes violently or explosively at temperatures 0-10° C.
Lowing to self-accelerating exothermic decomposition; Several explosions were due to shock, heat or friction; amines and certain metals can cause accelerated decomposition.

Synonyms
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate
26322-14-5
Perkadox 24W40
Dihexadecyl peroxydicarbonate
DIHEXADECYL PEROXODICARBONATE
Peroxydicarbonic acid, dihexadecyl ester
Peroxydicarbonic acid, C,C'-dihexadecyl ester
XE3V3NKT2E
Lupersol 216
EINECS 247-611-0
UNII-XE3V3NKT2E
hexadecoxycarbonyloxy hexadecyl carbonate
EC 247-611-0
SCHEMBL261987
DTXSID1051937
Q27293802
DICETYL PHOSPHATE
DICETYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 1812-53-9, Nom INCI : DICETYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 217-325-0, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
DICETYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE
DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 1777-82-8, Nom INCI : DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 217-210-5, Classification : Règlementé, Alcool, Conservateur. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiqu
DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL
SYNONYMS Diclosan; Soneclosan; Tinopal HP 100; Tinosan HP 100; p-Chlorophenyl 2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl ether CAS NO:3380-30-1
DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.
Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

CAS Number: 111-44-4
EC Number: 203-870-1
Chemical Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol

Dichloroethyl ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Dichloroethyl ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent for lacquers, resins and oils, and as a soil fumigant, wetting agent, cleaning compound and textile finishing agent.

Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether dissolves easily in water, and some of Dichloroethyl ether will slowly evaporate to the air.

Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally.
Dichloroethyl ether is made in factories, and most of Dichloroethyl ether is used to make pesticides.
Some of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.

Dichloroethyl ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweet pleasant or nauseating odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is denser than water and insoluble in water.

Dichloroethyl ether is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an ether.

Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless non-flammable liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

Limited amounts of Dichloroethyl ether dissolve in water and also slowly evaporate into air.
In the environment, Dichloroethyl ether is broken down by bacteria in soil and water and by chemical reactions in the air, so Dichloroethyl ether does not tend to persist for long periods.

Dichloroethyl ether is a chemical compound (an ether), which contains two 2-chloroethyl groups.
Dichloroethyl ether is a clear liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dichloroethyl ether is a clear man-made liquid with a strong, fruity smell.

Dichloroethyl ether is made by industry and used as a solvent.
Solvents help dissolve other substances.
Dichloroethyl ether is used to make pesticides and other chemicals.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an obsolete fumigant.
Very little information has been published regarding Dichloroethyl ether environmental fate although Dichloroethyl ether is highly soluble in water.

Dichloroethyl ether is not highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
Dichloroethyl ether is highly toxic to mammals and Dichloroethyl ether may be considered to be a neurotoxin.

Dichloroethyl ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Dichloroethyl ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent and soil fumigant.
Dichloroethyl ether may be used in the preparation of macrocyclic polyethers, dibenzo-18-crown-6 polyether and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 polyether.

Dichloroethyl ether is a man-made chemical that does not occur naturally.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether dissolves easily in water, and some will slowly evaporate to the air.

Dichloroethyl ether is mostly used as an intermediate to make pesticides and other chemicals.
Dichloroethyl ether can also be used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, and rust inhibitor.

In the environment, bis(2-chlorethyl) ether slowly evaporate from surface water and soil into the air.
Because bis(2-chlorethyl) ether dissolves in water, Dichloroethyl ether is removed from the air by rain creating a cycle between water, soil, and air.

Dichloroethyl ether does not stick strongly to the soil so some may move into the groundwater.
Dichloroethyl ether can be broken down by bacteria in water and soil.
Dichloroethyl ether does not build up (accumulate) in plants or animals.

Uses of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent, dewaxing agent, wetting agent, soil fumigant, and chemical intermediate.
Dichloroethyl ether is used to control earworms on corn silks; No longer used as a soil fumigant.

Dichloroethyl ether is used in pesticides.
Dichloroethyl ether is also used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.
Exposure occurs from consumption of drinking water that contains Dichloroethyl ether, breathing Dichloroethyl ether vapors, and dermal contact.

Dichloroethyl ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent.

In the past, Dichloroethyl ether was used as a solvent for fats, waxes, greases, and esters.
Dichloroethyl ether has also been used as a constituent of paints and varnishes, as a cleaning fluid for textiles, and in the purification of oils and gasoline.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dichloroethyl ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Dichloroethyl ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Dichloroethyl ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dichloroethyl ether can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Surface active agents

Consumer Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Farming (Pesticides)

Physical Properties of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
The odor threshold for Dichloroethyl ether is 0.049 ppm.

The chemical formula for Dichloroethyl ether is C4H8Cl2O, and Dichloroethyl ether has a molecular weight of 143.04 g/mol.
The vapor pressure for Dichloroethyl ether is 0.71 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Dichloroethyl ether has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) of 1.58.

Reactions and applications of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is less reactive than the corresponding sulfur mustard S(CH2CH2Cl)2.
In the presence of base, Dichloroethyl ether reacts with catechol to form dibenzo-18-crown-6.

Dichloroethyl ether can be used in the synthesis of the cough suppressant fedrilate.
Dichloroethyl ether is combined with benzyl cyanide and two molar equivalents of sodamide in a ring-forming reaction.

When treated with strong base, Dichloroethyl ether gives divinyl ether, an anesthetic:
O(CH2CH2Cl)2 + 2 KOH → O(CH=CH2)2 + 2 KCl + 2 H2O

Sampling Procedures of Dichloroethyl ether:
Air samples containing sym-Dichloroethyl ether are taken with a glass tube, 7 cm x 4 mm ID, containing two sections of activated coconut shell charcoal (front= 100 mg, back= 50 mg) separated by a 2 mm urethane foam plug.
A silylated glass wool plug precedes the front section and a 3 mm urethane foam plug follows the back section.
A sampling pump is connected to this tube and accurately calibrated at a flow rate of 0.01 to 1 l/min for a total sample size of 2 to 15 liters.

Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are best taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of Dichloroethyl ether.

Each measurement should consist of a fifteen (15) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totaling fifteen (15) minutes in the employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee).
A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate of the employee's exposure.

EPA Method 625: Grab samples of water in municipal and industrial discharges must be collected in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l or 1 qt fitted with a screw cap lined with Teflon, except that the bottles must not be prerinsed with sample before collection.
Fill the sample bottles, and if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well.

All samples must be iced or refrigerated from the time of collection until analysis.
All samples must be extracted within 7 days of collection and completely analyzed within 40 days of extraction.

Extraction is performed by adding 60 ml of methylene chloride to the sample in a separatory funnel and shaking.
The combined extract is then concentrated using a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.

EPA Method 1625: Collect water samples in municipal and industrial discharges in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l minimum with threaded caps lined with Teflon.
Maintain samples at 0-4 °C from the time of collection until extraction.

If residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg sodium thiosulfate per liter of water.
Extraction is performed by adding methylene chloride to the samples in a continuous liquid-liquid extractor and concentrated with a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.
Begin sample extraction within seven days of collection, and analyze all extracts within 40 days of extraction.

Analytic Laboratory Methods of Dichloroethyl ether:
A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of sym-Dichloroethyl ether consists of a stainless steel column, 3 m x 3 mm ID, packed with DMCS Chromosorb W-AW (80/100 mesh) coated with 10% FFAP, with hydrogen-air flame ionization detector, and nitrogen or helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 30 ml/min, is a NIOSH approved method.
A sample injection volume of 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is 100 °C, the injection temperature is 200 °C, and the detection temperature is 250 °C.
This method has an estimated detection limit of 0.01 mg/sample, and a relative standard deviation of 0.007, over a working range of 10 to 270 mg/cu m for a 15 liter air sample.

EPA Method 611: A gas chromatography method for the analysis of haloethers in municipal and industrial discharges, consists of a glass column, 1.8 m x 2 mm ID, packed with Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) coated with 3% SP-1000, with a halide specific detector (electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric), and helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 40 ml/min.
A sample injection volume of 2 to 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is held isothermal at 60 °C for two min after injection then programmed at 8 °C/min to 230 °C and held for four min.
For Dichloroethyl ether the method has a detection limit of 0.3 ug/l and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery +0.36, over a working range of 1.0 to 626 ug/l.

EPA Method 8250: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Packed Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Dichloroethyl ether has a detection limit of 5.7 ug/l, a retention time of 8.4 min, and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

EPA Method 8270: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Capillary Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Dichloroethyl ether has a retention time of 5.82 min and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

Handling and Storage of Dichloroethyl ether:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Stop leak if you can do Dichloroethyl ether without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage stability:

Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids

Reactivity Profile of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether may form phosgene or hydrogen when heated to high temperature.
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.

Mixing in equal molar portions with the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid and oleum.

First aid measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Dichloroethyl ether safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.

Fire Fighting of Dichloroethyl ether:
Wear full protective clothing.
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Use water, foam, mist, fog, spray, or dry chemical.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Small fires:
Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam.

Large fires:
Water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk.
Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out.

Fight fire from maximum distance.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter Dichloroethyl ether.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

In case of fire:
Keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.
NO direct contact with water.

Firefighting measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Dichloroethyl ether no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Dichloroethyl ether:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air at elevated temperatures.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Water, foam, mist, fog, spray, dry chemical.

If material is on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water and apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire:
Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving Dichloroethyl ether.

Accidental Release Measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

Isolation and Evacuation:
1. Remove all ignition sources.
2. Ventilate area of spill or leak.
3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels.

Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood).
Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork.

Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials.
Large quantities can be reclaimed.

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Dichloroethyl ether:

Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit.
Ventilation.

Remove all ignition sources.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of Dichloroethyl ether:
CAS Number: 111-44-4
ChEBI: CHEBI:34573
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1613350
ChemSpider: 21106016
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.519
EC Number: 203-870-1
KEGG: C14688
PubChem CID: 8115
RTECS number: KN0875000
UNII: 6K7D1G5M5N
UN number: 1916
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9020168
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES: ClCCOCCCl

CAS number: 111-44-4
EC index number: 603-029-00-2
EC number: 203-870-1
Hill Formula: C₄H₈Cl₂O
Chemical formula: (ClCH₂CH₂)₂O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol
HS Code: 2909 19 90

Synonym(s): Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Linear Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
CAS Number: 111-44-4
Molecular Weight: 143.01
Beilstein: 605317
EC Number: 203-870-1
MDL number: MFCD00000975
PubChem Substance ID: 24892662
NACRES: NA.22

Boiling point: 177 - 178 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.22 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 %(V)
Flash point: 55.0 °C
Ignition temperature: 365 °C
Melting Point: -47.0 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.95 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.01 g/l

Properties of Dichloroethyl ether:
Chemical formula: C4H8Cl2O
Molar mass: 143.01 g·mol−1
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: Chlorinated, solvent-like
Density: 1.22 g/mL
Melting point: −50 °C; −58 °F; 223 K
Boiling point: 178 °C; 352 °F; 451 K decomposes
Solubility in water: 10,200 mg/L
Vapor pressure: 0.7 mmHg (20 °C)

vapor pressure: 0.4 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.456 (lit.)
bp: 65-67 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
mp: −47 °C (lit.)
density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: ClCCOCCCl
InChI: 1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
InChI key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 143.01 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 28.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Dichloroethyl ether:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.218 - 1.219
Identity (IR): passes test

Related compounds of Dichloroethyl ether:
Sulfur mustard
Nitrogen mustard
2-Bromoethyl ether

Names of Dichloroethyl ether:

Regulatory process names:
2,2'-DICHLORODIETHYL ETHER
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-

Translated names:
2,2’-Dichlor-diethylether (de)
bi(2-cloretil) eter (ro)
bis(2-chloorethyl)ether (nl)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (cs)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (da)
bis(2-chloretil)eteris (lt)
bis(2-chloroéthyl)éther (fr)
bis(2-chlóretyl)éter (sk)
bis(2-cloroetile) etere (it)
bis(2-kloorietyyli)eetteri (fi)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (no)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (sv)
bis(2-kloroetil) eter (sl)
bis(2-kloroetil)-eter (hr)
bis(2-kloroetüül)eeter (et)
bisz(2-klóretil)-éter (hu)
eter bis(2-chloroetylowy) eter 2,2'-dichlorodietylowy (pl)
eteru tal-bis(2-kloroetil) (mt)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (es)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (pt)
δις(2-χλωροαιθυλ)αιθέρας (el)
бис(2-хлорoетил) етер (bg)

IUPAC names:
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane

Other names:
Oxygen mustard;
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Chlore
Khloreks
DCEE
2-Chloroethyl ether
1,1'-oxybis[2-chloroethane]

Other identifiers:
111-44-4
603-029-00-2
92091-28-6

Synonyms of Dichloroethyl ether:
111-44-4
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
2-Chloroethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
DCEE
Chlorex
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Chloroethyl ether
Dichloroether
Khloreks
Clorex
sym-Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl oxide
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
Ether dichlore
BCEE
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
Rcra waste number U025
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
Caswell No. 309
ENT 4,504
Bis-2-chloroethylether
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Ether dichlore [French]
Di(beta-chloroethyl)ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(beta-chloroethyl) ether
CCRIS 88
Dicholoroethyl ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC 406647
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
beta,beta-Dichlorodiethyl ether
HSDB 502
s-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-
2,2-dichlorodiethylether
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichloroethyl ether
EINECS 203-870-1
UN1916
1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane
RCRA waste no. U025
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 029501
BRN 0605317
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
Di(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
beta,beta'-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether (BCEE)
AI3-04504
Bis(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
6K7D1G5M5N
beta,beta'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
DTXSID9020168
CHEBI:34573
MFCD00000975
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC-406647
1-Chloro-2-(.beta.-chloroethoxy)ethane
EC 203-870-1
DTXCID70168
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
CAS-111-44-4
2-dichlorodiethyl ether
2-chloroethylether
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
O(CCCl)CCCl
2,2'-Diklordietyleter
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
DEE (CHRIS Code)
bis-(2chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethylether
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
bis-(2-choroethyl)ether
bis (2-chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethyl ether
bis(beta-chloroethyl)ether
2,2'Dichlorodiethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
2,2'-Dichlor-diethylether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2-Chloroethyl ether, 99%
WLN: G2O2G
SCHEMBL58439
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)-
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
MLS002454390
BIDD:ER0300
Ethane,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
ther bis (chloro-2 thylique)
ETHER, DI(CHLOROETHYL)
CHEMBL1613350
Ethane, 1,1'oxybis[2-chloro-
AMY9389
beta ,beta'-dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis (chloroethyl) ether (BCEE)
BIS(2 CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
HMS3039G11
Etano, 1,1'-oxibis [2-cloro-
1-(2-chloroethoxy)-2-chloroethane
BCP22801
Tox21_202074
Tox21_300514
LS-533
NA1916
NSC406647
STL282719
SYM-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER [MI]
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethane
1-chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
AKOS000118954
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane #
BCP9000069
UN 1916
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHER [IARC]
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER [HSDB]
NCGC00090856-01
NCGC00090856-02
NCGC00090856-03
NCGC00254256-01
NCGC00259623-01
AS-11884
SMR001372006
B0472
Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether)
EN300-19202
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
Q-200159
Q2509768
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
Dichloroethyl ether; (1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane)
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H
F0001-0241
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, Second Source
111-44-4 [RN]
1-Chlor-2-(2-chlorethoxy)ethan [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroéthoxy)éthane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
203-870-1 [EINECS]
2-Chloroethyl ether
6K7D1G5M5N
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether [Wiki]
ethane, 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)-
Ethane, 2,2'-oxybis[1-chloro- [ACD/Index Name]
MFCD00000975 [MDL number]
[111-44-4] [RN]
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
1-Chloro-2-(b-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
2, 2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2`-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
2,2'-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, ß
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
2,2-Dichlorodiethylether
2,2'-dichloroethyl ether
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2-ChloroethylEther
4-01-00-01375 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
92091-28-6 [RN]
93952-02-4 [RN]
b,b'-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b'-Dichloroethyl Ether
BCEE
Bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)-d8 Ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (d8)
Bis(b-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
bis(ß-chloroethyl) ether
bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis-2-chloroethylether
Chlorex
CHLOROETHYL ETHER
clorex
dcee
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Di(b-chloroethyl) ether
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
Di(β-chloroethyl) ether
Di(β-chloroethyl)ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
dichloroether
'-Dichloroethyl ether
DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
Dichloroethyl oxide
Dicholoroethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
EINECS 203-870-1
Ether dichlore
Ether dichlore [French]
ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
ETHERBISCHLOROETHYL
G2O2G [WLN]
Khloreks
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
s-Dichloroethyl ether
sym-Dichloroethyl Ether
UN 1916
UNII:6K7D1G5M5N
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
WLN: G2O2G
β ,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl Ether
β,β-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
β-chloroethyl ether
DICHLOROHYDROXYDIPHENYLETHER ( DCPP )
Cyanoguanidine; 1-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamide; Dicy; DCD; N-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamin; Cyanguanidin; Cianoguanidina; Cyanoguanidine; 2-Cyanoguanidine; Araldite XB; 1-CYANOGUANIDINE; 2-Cyanoguanidine; AKOS NCG-0013; CYANOGUANIDINE; DCD; DICY; DICYANDIAMIDE; DICYANODIAMIDE; DYHARD(R) 100; DYHARD(R) 100 S; DYHARD(R) 100 SF; DYHARD(R) 100 SH; DYHARD(R) G 03; DYHARD(R) T 03 CAS NO:461-58-5
DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate contains pentaerythritol (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol) as an alcoholic component in esters or condensed with other (poly) alcohols or sugars.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has excellent lubricating, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing abilities.


CAS Number: 25496-72-4, 57-55-6


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate contains stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol) as an alcoholic component.
Citrates are salts or esters of citric acid.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a synthetic Substance, a Synthetic ingredient derived from coconut oil.


The name component "Cocoyl" means that the ingredient contains fatty acids from coconut oil (Cocos Nucifera Oil) as fatty acid components (usually introduced via an acylation reaction).
The conditioning efficacy, the hydro-balance performance and the gloss effects of a Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate formulation were compared with a lanolin-containing formula and a market benchmark conditioner.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is white solid.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is insoluble in water.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is stable.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has under strong acid or strong alkali condition, easily hydrolyzed.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is easily oxidized.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has excellent lubricating, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing abilities.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a mixture of higher molecular fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil binding additives.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a yellowish, wax-like fat product which is supplied in pellets, with an inherent odor.
This product is Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has a dropping point of 45-60°C, an iodine number of 20-30, and a saponification value of 160-175.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate may or may not be vegan.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a compound of Citric Acid, Stearyl Alcohol, and coconut, used in some cosmetics as an emollient.
Claims: Emulsifiers > Emulsifiers W/O (Water in oil)



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is mixture of higher molecular fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil binding additives
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is yellowish, wax-like pellets with an inherent odor
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is an O/W cream base.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a mixture of consistency giving factors and emulsifiers.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is used in face cleansing, baby care & cleansing, face-, color & body care products and sun-care (sun-protection, after-sun & self-tanning) products.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is ideally used for hair care, hair conditioning and hair treatments.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is suitable for skin care emulsions.


-Application(s)of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: Hair
Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: After Sun Care, Body Care, Face Care, Hand & Nail Care, Skin Care, Sun Protection
-General Use of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Performance claims, Sustainability claims, Function, Applications, Usage level


-Technical Use of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Chemical group, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Appearance, Colors, Origin, Origin Species
-Cosmetic Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*skin conditioning
*skin conditioning - emollient


-Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*W/O cream base suitable for various
*W/O skin care emulsions
*Baby Care and Cleansing
*Body Care
*Face Care
*Self Tanning
*Sun Protection


-Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Emollient, skin conditioning.
-Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*Emollient, skin conditioning


-cosmetic action of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Softens the skin, cleanses, does not leave irritation
-Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: Baby Care, Body Care, Face Care, Hand & Nail Care, Sun Care



FUNCTIONS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*Emollient: Softens and softens the skin
*Skin conditioning agent: Keeps the skin in good condition
*Conditioner
*Consistency Factor
*fat soluble
*Emollients/Emollients - soften and soften the skin



FUNCTION IN COSMETICS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*Emollient
*Conditioning substance
*Film-forming substance
*Greasing substance
*Moisturizing substance
*Emollient



ACTION IN COSMETICS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate that softens calloused epidermis. Used e.g. cracked heel products.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has an indirect moisturizing effect (reduces water loss by creating an occlusive layer), smoothing.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate restores the skin's natural barrier function.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate makes the skin soft, elastic and smooth.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is used in creams with a heavier consistency, e.g. oiling creams.



OTHER FEATURES OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*emollient
*skin conditioner



FUNCTIONS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONER:
Keeps the skin in good condition
*SKIN CONDITIONER - EMOLLIENT:
Makes the skin soft and supple



CATEGORY OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Non-ionic surfactant
> Ester
>> Fatty Alcohol Ester
>>> Pentaerythritol Ester



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
citric acid, 1,2-dodecyl ester
ester with bis(coco acyl)pentaerythrytol
Dehymuls Fce
Dicocoylpentaerythrityl Distearylcitrat
Dicocoyl Pentaerytrhityl Distearyl Citrate
Citric acid, 1,2-stearyl ester
ester with bis(coco acyl)pentaerythritol
ALUMINUM STEARATES
MICROCRISTALLINA CERA
DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE
GLYCERYL OLEATE
PROPYLENE GLYCOL


DICORANTIL
Dicorantil is an organoammonium phosphate.
Dicorantil belongs to a group of medicines called anti-arrhythmic agents used to treat irregular heartbeats.
Dicorantil is available in both oral and intravenous forms and has a low degree of toxicity.

CAS Number: 3737-09-5
Formula: C21H29N3O
Molar mass: 339.483 g·mol−1

Dicorantil is an antiarrhythmic chemical used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia.
Dicorantil is a sodium channel blocker and is classified as a Class 1a anti-arrhythmic agent.

Dicorantil has a negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium and significantly reduces contractility.
Dicorantil also has an anticholinergic effect on the heart, which is responsible for many negative side effects.
Dicorantil is available in both oral and intravenous forms and has a low degree of toxicity.

Dicorantil is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.
Dicorantil is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dicorantil is an organoammonium phosphate.

Dicorantil is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent with cardiac depressant properties.
Dicorantil exerts Dicorantil actions by blocking both sodium and potassium channels in cardiac membrane during phase 0 of the action potential.

This slows the impulse conduction through the AV node and prolongs the duration of the action potential of normal cardiac cells in atrial and ventricular tissues.
Dicorantil prolongs the QT interval and causes a widening of the QRS complex.

Dicorantil also possesses some anticholinergic and local anaesthetic properties.
Dicorantil is used in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia.

A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine.
Dicorantil also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.

Dicorantil belongs to a group of medicines called anti-arrhythmic agents used to treat irregular heartbeats.
An irregular heartbeat is a condition in which your heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slow.
Dicorantil helps slow the heart rate and prevent arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms).

Dicorantil sulphate contains Dicorantil, ie anti-arrhythmic agents.
Dicorantil helps bring irregular heartbeats to a normal rhythm by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart.
Irregular heartbeat treatment reduces the risk of blood clots, heart attack or stroke.

Dicorantil should be taken as prescribed by the doctor.
Your doctor may monitor EKGs and blood pressure during treatment to monitor your dose.

Some people may experience common side effects such as blurred or double vision, stomach pain, little or no urination, and low blood sugar.
Most of these side effects of Dicorantil do not require medical attention and will gradually improve over time.
However, if the side effects persist, please consult your doctor.

Please tell your doctor if you are known to be allergic to Dicorantil or any other medicines.
Dicorantil is not recommended for use in children.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised to consult a doctor before taking Dicorantil.

Before taking Dicorantil, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, enlarged prostate, glaucoma (increased eye pressure) or low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalaemia).
Do not take Dicorantil if you are already taking other medicines to regulate your heartbeat.

Do not drive or operate machinery as Dicorantil may cause blurred vision, dizziness and low blood pressure.
Use Dicorantil with caution if you are elderly (over 65 years of age), have a low body weight, or have kidney or liver problems.

Dicorantil is used to treat certain irregular heartbeats).
Dicorantil is in a class of medications called antiarrhythmic drugs.
Dicorantil works by making your heart more resistant to abnormal activity.

Continuing Education Activity:
Dicorantil is a chemical used to treat heart rhythm abnormalities that can be life-threatening, such as ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, or associated with increased morbidity and mortality, such as atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
This activity reviews several important aspects of this chemical, including indications, mechanism of action, applications, side effects, contraindications, monitoring, and toxicity.
This important knowledge of this chemical can improve interprofessional healthcare team outcomes.

Objectives:
Describe the mechanism of action of Dicorantil.
Describe possible side effects of Dicorantil.

Explains the importance of monitoring when using Dicorantil as an antiarrhythmic chemical.
Outline professional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication when using Dicorantil to maximize the benefits of this chemical and minimize Dicorantil side effects.

Indications:
In 1962, new antiarrhythmic drugs were needed apart from quinidine and procainamide, which were the main antiarrhythmic agents available at the time.
Dicorantil is the selected agent among more than 500 compounds synthesized for the research program of new antiarrhythmic agents.
The chemical structures of Dicorantil are similar to the synthetic muscarinic antagonist lacquer, which explains Dicorantil anticholinergic property.

Although Dicorantil is rarely used for heart rhythm abnormalities due to the availability of newer drugs that provide better efficacy and favorable side-effect profiles, Dicorantil is still the drug of choice for vagal-mediated atrial fibrillation such as sleep-induced or atrial fibrillation in athlete groups.
The effectiveness of Dicorantil in these conditions is due to Dicorantil anticholinergic activity, which abolishes the parasympathetic tone.

Dicorantil is also a third-line antiarrhythmic agent for a patient with coronary artery disease.
Also, a patient with left ventricular hypertrophy has impaired depolarization, which can induce torsade de pointes.

Therefore, antiarrhythmics that prolong the QT interval are avoided, but if sotalol or amiodarone is unsuccessful or unsuitable, Dicorantil may be an alternative.
In a patient with atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), Dicorantil is the agent of choice, other than amiodarone, as Dicorantil may decrease the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient (off-label use).

Data from a multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of Dicorantil in obstructive cardiomyopathy showed that Dicorantil significantly reduced the SVOT gradient from 75+/- 33 to 40+/-32 mmHg in 78 patients (66% of study subjects) (P<0.0001). has shown. ) and raises the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) from 23+/-07 to 17+/-06 (P<0.0001).
When Dicorantil is used in combination with a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker or beta blocker, they can effectively prevent recurrence of AF in HCOM patients.

Patients with ventricular premature beat (VPB) or premature ventricular complexes (PVC) may have a high symptom burden.
Dicorantil can be used in patients without structural heart disease, although Dicorantil efficacy is less than ablation.
In addition, based on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled one-year follow-up study, Dicorantil (n=44) was effective in maintaining sinus rhythm after electro cardioversion for atrial fibrillation compared to placebo (n=46) and was significantly different (%) at one-month follow-up. 70 vs 39%) and continues after twelve months (54% vs 30%).

Uses of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as sustained ventricular tachycardia).
Dicorantil is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat.

Dicorantil is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug.
Dicorantil works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat.
Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.

Usage of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil comes as a capsule and an extended-release (long-acting) capsule to take by mouth.
Dicorantil capsules may be taken every 6 or 8 hours.

The extended-release capsule is usually taken every 12 hours.
Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.

Take Dicorantil exactly as directed.
Do not take more or less of Dicorantil or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Swallow the extended-release capsules; do not open, crush, or chew them.

Dicorantil helps control your condition but will not cure it.
Continue to take Dicorantil even if you feel well.
Do not stop taking Dicorantil without talking to your doctor.

Mechanism of action of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil's Class 1a activity is similar to that of quinidine in that Dicorantil targets sodium channels to inhibit conduction.
Dicorantil depresses the increase in sodium permeability of the cardiac myocyte during Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, in turn decreasing the inward sodium current.

This results in an increased threshold for excitation and a decreased upstroke velocity.
Dicorantil prolongs the PR interval by lengthening both the QRS and P wave duration.

This effect is particularly well suited in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia as Dicorantil slows the action potential propagation through the atria to the ventricles.
Dicorantil does not act as a blocking agent for beta or alpha adrenergic receptors, but does have a significant negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium.
As a result, the use of Dicorantil may reduce contractile force up to 42% at low doses and up to 100% in higher doses compared to quinidine.

Levites proposed a possible secondary mode of action for Dicorantil, against reentrant arrhythmias after an ischemic insult.
Dicorantil decreases the inhomogeneity between infarcted and normal myocardium refractory periods; in addition to lengthening the refractory period.

This decreases the chance of re-entry depolarization, because signals are more likely to encounter tissue in a refractory state which cannot be excited.
This provides a possible treatment for atrial and ventricular fibrillation, as Dicorantil restores pacemaker control of the tissue to the SA and AV nodes.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Dicorantil:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents:
Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias.
They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, Dicorantil excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers.
Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.

Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease, occurring in 1:500 individuals in the general population.
Dicorantil is estimated that there are 600,000 individuals in the United States with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The most common variant of HCM presents with left ventricular (LV) intracavitary obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and mitral-septal contact, diagnosed readily with echocardiography.
Pharmacologic treatment with negative inotropic drugs is first-line therapy.

Beta-blockers are used first, and while they improve symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain and exercise intolerance, they do not reduce resting LV intraventricular pressure gradients and often are inadequate to control symptoms.
Many investigators and clinicians believe that Dicorantil controlled release is the most potent agent available for reducing resting pressure gradients and improving symptoms.

Dicorantil has been actively used for more than 30 years.
Dicorantil administration for obstructive HCM has a IB recommendation in the 2020 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guidelines for treatment of obstructive HCM.
A IB treatment recommendation indicates that a treatment is recommended, and may be useful, and beneficial.

Negative inotropes improve LV obstruction by decreasing LV ejection acceleration and hydrodynamic forces on the mitral valve.
Dicorantil's particular efficacy is due to Dicorantil potent negative inotropic effects; in head-to-head comparison, Dicorantil is more effective for gradient reduction than either beta-blocker or verapamil.

Dicorantil is most often administered with beta-blockade.
When used in patients resistant to beta-blockade, Dicorantil is effective in 60% of cases, reducing symptoms and gradient to the extent that invasive procedures such as surgical septal myectomy are not required.

Dicorantil, despite Dicorantil efficacy, has one main side effect that has limited Dicorantil use in the US, though Dicorantil has seen wider application in Canada, UK and Japan.
Vagal blockade predictably causes dry mouth, and in men with prostatism, may cause urinary retention.
Teichman et al. showed that pyridostigmine used in combination with Dicorantil substantially alleviates vagolytic side effects without compromising antiarrhythmic efficacy.

This combination has also been shown to be effective and safe in obstructive HCM in a large cohort of patients.
Some clinicians prescribe pyridostigmine sustained release (marketed in the US as Mestinon Timespan) to every patient begun on Dicorantil.
This combination increases acceptance of higher Dicorantil dosing, important since there is a dose-response correlation in obstructive HCM, higher doses yielding lower gradients.

Another concern about Dicorantil has been the hypothetical potential for inducing sudden death from Dicorantil type 1 anti-arrhythmic effects.
However, a multicenter registry and two recent cohort registries have largely reduced this concern, by showing sudden death rates lower than that observed from the disease itself.

These concerns about the drug must be viewed from the clinical perspective that Dicorantil is generally the last agent that is tried for patients before they are referred for invasive septal reduction with surgical septal myectomy (an open-heart operation) or alcohol septal ablation (a controlled heart attack).
Both of these invasive procedures have risk of morbidity and mortality.

For selected patients, a trial of oral Dicorantil is a reasonable approach before proceeding to invasive septal reduction.
Patients who respond to Dicorantil are continued on the drug.

Those who continue to have disabling symptoms or who experience side effects are promptly referred for septal reduction.
Using such a stepped strategy, investigators have reported that survival does not differ from that observed in the age-matched normal United States population.

Extracardiac effects:
Atropine like effects (anticholinergic)
Dry mouth
Constipation
Urinary retention – Dicorantil should not be given to patients with symptomatic prostatism.
Blurred vision
Glaucoma
Rash
Agranulocytosis

Additionally, Dicorantil may enhance the hypoglycaemic effect of gliclazide, insulin, and metformin.

Metabolism of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil can cause hypoglycemia, perhaps due to increased secretion of insulin, and can also potentiate the effects of conventional hypoglycemic drugs.
This effect may be due to Dicorantil chief metabolite mono-N dealkylDicorantil, since many of the reported cases of hypoglycemia have been in patients with renal impairment, in which the metabolite accumulates.

In six subjects who were being considered for treatment with Dicorantil, serum glucose concentrations were measured at 13, 15, 17, and 19 hours after supper, with no further food, with and without the added administration of two modified-released tablets of Dicorantil 150 mg with supper and 12 hours later.
Dicorantil significantly reduced the serum glucose concentration at all measurement times by an average of 0.54 mmol/l.
The fall in serum glucose concentration was not related to the serum concentration of Dicorantil or the serum creatinine concentration; Dicorantil was greater in older patients and in underweight patients.

Hypoglycemia has also been reported in a 70-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking Dicorantil.

Clinical data of Dicorantil:
Trade names: Norpace
AHFS/Drugs.com: Monograph
MedlinePlus: a682408
Pregnancy category: AU: B2
Routes ofadministration: Oral, intravenous
ATC code: C01BA03 (WHO)

Legal status:
UK: POM (Prescription only)
US: ℞-only

Pharmacokinetic data of Dicorantil:
Bioavailability: High
Protein binding: 50% to 65% (concentration-dependent)
Metabolism: Hepatic (CYP3A4-mediated)
Elimination half-life: 6.7 hours (range 4 to 10 hours)
Excretion: Renal (80%)

Identifiers of Dicorantil:
IUPAC name: (RS)-4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
CAS Number: 3737-09-5
PubChem CID: 3114
IUPHAR/BPS: 7167
DrugBank: DB00280
ChemSpider: 3002
UNII: GFO928U8MQ
KEGG: D00303
ChEBI: CHEBI:4657
ChEMBL: ChEMBL517
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1045536
ECHA InfoCard: 100.021.010

Properties of Dicorantil:
Formula: C21H29N3O
Molar mass: 339.483 g·mol−1
Melting point: 94.5 to 95 °C (202.1 to 203.0 °F)
SMILES: O=C(N)C(c1ncccc1)(c2ccccc2)CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H29N3O/c1-16(2)24(17(3)4)15-13-21(20(22)25,18-10-6-5-7-11-18)19-12-8-9-14-23-19/h5-12,14,16-17H,13,15H2,1-4H3,(H2,22,25)
Key:UVTNFZQICZKOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 437.5 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 437.20795813 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 437.20795813 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 137Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 30
Complexity: 459
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Dicorantil:

Regulatory process names:

Disopyramide
Disopyramide

IUPAC names:
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide
4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
Disopyramide

Other identifiers:
3737-09-5

Synonyms of Dicorantil:
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE
22059-60-5
Norpace
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE SALT
Rythmodan
Norpace Cr
SC 7031 phosphate
Dirythmin sa
Diso-duriles
DisopyramidePhosphate
EINECS 244-756-1
SC 7031 (phosphate)
NSC-756744
SC-13957
SC-7031 PHOSPHATE
CHEBI:4658
N6BOM1935W
22059-60-5 (phosphate)
SC 13957
Norpace (TN)
2-(1-(Ammoniocarbonyl)-3-(diisopropylammonio)-1-phenylpropyl)pyridinium phosphate
Disopyramid phosphate
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide phosphate
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide;phosphoric acid
alpha-(2-Diisopropylaminoethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate
(+-)-alpha-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate (1:1)
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate (1:1)
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate
alpha-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate (1:1)
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, (+-)-, phosphate (1:1)
SR-01000003039
Disopyramide (phosphate)
UNII-N6BOM1935W
SCHEMBL41810
MLS000028431
SPECTRUM1500261
C21H29N3O.H3O4P
CHEMBL1201020
HMS501I11
DTXSID30944685
Disopyramide phosphate (JAN/USP)
HMS1920I14
HMS2094K15
HMS2234B16
HMS3259J21
HMS3261C04
HMS3369L05
HMS3652M20
HMS3885J07
Pharmakon1600-01500261
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [MI]
XAA05960
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [JAN]
Tox21_500411
CCG-40209
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USAN]
HY-12533A
NSC756744
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [VANDF]
AKOS040744844
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [MART.]
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USP-RS]
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [WHO-DD]
LP00411
NC00683
NSC 756744
Disopyramide phosphate [USAN:BAN:JAN]
NCGC00093836-01
NCGC00093836-02
NCGC00093836-03
NCGC00093836-04
NCGC00261096-01
SMR000058438
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [ORANGE BOOK]
LS-130131
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Disopyramide phosphate [USAN:USP:BAN:JAN]
EU-0100411
FT-0630479
S4143
SW196836-3
SW196836-4
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
C07740
D 6035
D00637
SR-01000003039-2
SR-01000003039-6
Q27106430
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide
(R)-4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide phosphate
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide,phosphoric acid
4-DIISOPROPYLAMINO-2-PHENYL-2-(2-PYRIDYL)BUTYRAMIDE PHOSPHATE
Disopyramide phosphate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Disopyramide phosphate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
(+/-)-.ALPHA.-(2-(DIISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL)-.ALPHA.-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE PHOSPHATE (1:1)
2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE, .ALPHA.-(2-(BIS(1-METHYLETHYL)AMINO)ETHYL)-.ALPHA.-PHENYL-, (+/-)-, PHOSPHATE (1:1)
223-110-2 [EINECS]
2-pyridineacetamide, a-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-a-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl- [ACD/Index Name]
3737-09-5 [RN]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamide [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phényl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamide [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butyramide
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
4-(dipropan-2-ylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
a-[2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl]-a-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
a-[2-[Bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]a-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
disopiramida [Spanish] [INN]
Disopyramide [French] [INN]
Disopyramide [BAN] [INN] [JAN] [JP15] [USAN] [Wiki]
Disopyramide, (R)-
Disopyramide, (S)-
disopyramidum [Latin] [INN]
Isorythm
Lispine
MFCD00057366 [MDL number]
Norpace [Trade name]
Rythmodan [Trade name]
α-[2-(DIISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL]-α-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE
α-Diisopropylaminoethyl-α-phenylpyridine-2-acetamide
дизопирамид [Russian] [INN]
ديسوبيراميد [Arabic] [INN]
丙吡胺 [Chinese] [INN]
Disopyramide free base
NORPACE CR
Rythmodan-La
ξ-Disopyramide
[3737-09-5] [RN]
1309283-08-6 [RN]
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]-α-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl-
3737-09-5 (free base)
38236-46-3 [RN]
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide
4-[bis(methylethyl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide
4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanimidic acid
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide
492056 [Beilstein]
4-Diisopropylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-butyramide
54687-36-4 [RN]
74464-83-8 [RN]
74464-84-9 [RN]
BS-17145
DB00280
Dicorantil
Disopiramida
Disopiramida [INN-Spanish]
Disopyramide-d5
Disopyramidum
Disopyramidum [INN-Latin]
MFCD00069254 [MDL number]
n-desalkyl Disopyramide
Norpace®
Ritmodan
Rythmodan P [Trade name]
Rythmodan®
Searle 703
α-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
α-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
γ-Diisopropylamino-α-phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)butyramide
γ-Diisopropylamino-α-phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)butyramide
дизопирамид
ديسوبيراميد
丙吡胺
DICUMYL PEROXIDE
DICUMYL PEROXIDE The aim of this article was to determine the effect of the dicumyl peroxide (dicumyl peroxide) content on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA). Reactive extrusion of the PLA and dicumyl peroxide blends was performed. The dicumyl peroxide content varied from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%. The extruded samples were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analyses of gel content and swelling degree, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile and impact strength tests. It was found that dicumyl peroxide caused crosslinking of PLA as well as contributed to formation of low-molecular weight products of decomposition and degradation processes. These products caused plasticization of PLA, which led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature. An increase in tensile strength and decrease in impact strength were observed as the dicumyl peroxide content increased. Dicumyl peroxide price More Price(4) Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 100g $50 2020-08-18 Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 500g $154 2020-08-18 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 100g $35.9 2020-06-24 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 500g $140 2020-06-24 Buy Dicumyl peroxide Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties white powder Chemical Properties Dicumyl peroxide is a crystalline solid that melts at 42°C. It is insoluble in water and soluble in vegetable oil and organic solvents . It is used as a high-temperature catalyst in production of polystyrene plastics. The deflagration hazard potential of this peroxide was tested using 5 g of igniter in the revised time–pressure test, but no pressure rise was produced . Noller et al. found it to be an intermediate fire hazard. General Description White powder with a characteristic odor. Reactivity Profile The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides. Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides. Dicumyl peroxide is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 2nd ed., p 44 1979. Safety Profile Mildly toxic by ingestion. See also PEROXIDES. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Purification Methods Crystallise the peroxide from 95% EtOH (charcoal). Store it at 0o. Potentially EXPLOSIVE. [Beilstein 6 IV 3220.] Dicumyl peroxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Cumene Ethanol Sodium sulfite PERCHLORIC ACID Cumyl hydroperoxide Preparation Products microdispersoid acrylate resin filling emulsion dimethylacrolyl phenoxy propanestyrene copolymer optical plastics 80-43-3(Dicumyl peroxide)Related Search: ethyl hydroperoxide TERT-BUTYL CUMYL PEROXIDE Methyl acrylate Methyl Methanol Di-tert-butyl peroxide Dicumyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide DIISOPROPYLBENZENE Acetonitrile Methylparaben 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) Hydrogen peroxide Aluminum oxide 3,5-Diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide 1,3-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole) Vulcanizator Description and features Iniper DCP (dicumyl peroxide), is a white crystal which has C18H22O2 as chemical formula. This dialkyl peroxide is used for the (co)polymerization of styrene, besides it is used to crosslink polymers and elastomers. Further it finds its application as flame retardant synergist in EPS. Dicumyl Peroxide is also known as Diisopropylbenzene peroxide, Bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide and Dicumene hydroperoxide. Storage Store Dicumyl Peroxide in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area and in line with legal requirements. Keep Iniper DCP away from heat sources, avoid contact with acids, alkalines, heavy metal compounds and reducing agents. The Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) in original packaging is 75ºC. The aim of this article was to determine the effect of the dicumyl peroxide (dicumyl peroxide) content on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA). Reactive extrusion of the PLA and dicumyl peroxide blends was performed. The dicumyl peroxide content varied from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%. The extruded samples were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analyses of gel content and swelling degree, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile and impact strength tests. It was found that dicumyl peroxide caused crosslinking of PLA as well as contributed to formation of low-molecular weight products of decomposition and degradation processes. These products caused plasticization of PLA, which led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature. An increase in tensile strength and decrease in impact strength were observed as the dicumyl peroxide content increased. Dicumyl peroxide price More Price(4) Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 100g $50 2020-08-18 Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 500g $154 2020-08-18 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 100g $35.9 2020-06-24 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 500g $140 2020-06-24 Buy Dicumyl peroxide Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties white powder Chemical Properties Dicumyl peroxide is a crystalline solid that melts at 42°C. It is insoluble in water and soluble in vegetable oil and organic solvents . It is used as a high-temperature catalyst in production of polystyrene plastics. The deflagration hazard potential of this peroxide was tested using 5 g of igniter in the revised time–pressure test, but no pressure rise was produced . Noller et al. found it to be an intermediate fire hazard. General Description White powder with a characteristic odor. Reactivity Profile The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides. Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides. Dicumyl peroxide is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 2nd ed., p 44 1979. Safety Profile Mildly toxic by ingestion. See also PEROXIDES. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Purification Methods Crystallise the peroxide from 95% EtOH (charcoal). Store it at 0o. Potentially EXPLOSIVE. [Beilstein 6 IV 3220.] Dicumyl peroxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Cumene Ethanol Sodium sulfite PERCHLORIC ACID Cumyl hydroperoxide Preparation Products microdispersoid acrylate resin filling emulsion dimethylacrolyl phenoxy propanestyrene copolymer optical plastics 80-43-3(Dicumyl peroxide)Related Search: ethyl hydroperoxide TERT-BUTYL CUMYL PEROXIDE Methyl acrylate Methyl Methanol Di-tert-butyl peroxide Dicumyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide DIISOPROPYLBENZENE Acetonitrile Methylparaben 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) Hydrogen peroxide Aluminum oxide 3,5-Diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide 1,3-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole) Vulcanizator Description and features Iniper DCP (dicumyl peroxide), is a white crystal which has C18H22O2 as chemical formula. This dialkyl peroxide is used for the (co)polymerization of styrene, besides it is used to crosslink polymers and elastomers. Further it finds its application as flame retardant synergist in EPS. Dicumyl Peroxide is also known as Diisopropylbenzene peroxide, Bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide and Dicumene hydroperoxide. Storage Store Dicumyl Peroxide in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area and in line with legal requirements. Keep Iniper DCP away from heat sources, avoid contact with acids, alkalines, heavy metal compounds and reducing agents. The Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) in original packaging is 75ºC.
DICUMYL PEROXIDE
Dicumyl peroxide is a pale yellow to white granular solid with a characteristic odor.
Dicumyl peroxide is used as a polymerization catalyst and vulcanizing agent.
Dicumyl peroxide is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CMe2O)2 (Me = CH3).

CAS: 80-43-3
MF: C18H22O2
MW: 270.37
EINECS: 201-279-3

Classified as a dialky peroxide, Dicumyl peroxide is produced on a large scale industrially for use as an initiator for the production of low density polyethylene.

Production
Dicumyl peroxide is synthesized as a by-product in the autoxidation of cumene, which mainly affords cumene hydroperoxide.
Alternatively, Dicumyl peroxide can be produced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide to α-methylstyrene.
Of the ca. 60,000 ton/y production of dialkyl peroxides, dicumyl peroxide is dominant.

Dicumyl Peroxide Chemical Properties
Melting point: 39-41 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 130°C
Density: 1.56 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 9.3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 15.4 mm Hg ( 38 °C)
Refractive index: 1.5360
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: flakes
Color: White
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions
BRN: 2056090
Stability:: Reacts violently with reducing agents, heavy metals, concentrated acids, concentrated bases.
May ignite organic materials on contact.
May decompose violently upon exposure to sunlight or if heated.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 5.6 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 80-43-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicumyl peroxide (80-43-3)

Dicumyl peroxide is relatively stable compound owing to the steric protection provided by the several substituents adjacent to the peroxide group.
Upon heating, Dicumyl peroxide breaks down by homolysis of the relatively weak O-O bond.
Dicumyl peroxide is a crystalline solid that melts at 42°C.
Dicumyl peroxide is insoluble in water and soluble in vegetable oil and organic solvents .
Dicumyl peroxide is used as a high-temperature catalyst in production of polystyrene plastics.
The deflagration hazard potential of Dicumyl peroxide was tested using 5 g of igniter in the revised time–pressure test, but no pressure rise was produced .
Noller et al. found Dicumyl peroxide to be an intermediate fire hazard.

Uses
Dicumyl peroxide is used:
in vulcanization of rubber
as a crosslinking agent in the synthesis of polylactic acid composite fibers
in the preparation of polyethylene composites
in the synthesis of polyamide 112/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer blends.

Reactivity Profile
The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides.
Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides.

Synonyms
DICUMYL PEROXIDE
80-43-3
Cumene peroxide
Cumyl peroxide
dicumylperoxide
Di-Cup
Percumyl D
Perkadox B
Perkadox BC
Perkadox SB
Dicumenyl peroxide
Peroxide, bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)
Luperox
Percumyl D 40
Luperox 500
Luperox 500R
Luperox 500T
Dicumene hydroperoxide
Diisopropylbenzene peroxide
Kayacumyl D
Di-cupr
DiCup 40KE
Active dicumyl peroxide
Di-cup 40C
Varox dcp-R
Varox dcp-T
Isopropylbenzene peroxide
Luperco 500-40C
Luperco 500-40KE
Perkadox BC 9
Di-cup R
Di-cup T
Di-cup 40haf
Perkadox BC 40
Perkadox BC 95
Bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) peroxide
Bis(2-phenyl-2-propyl) peroxide
NSC 56772
Bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)peroxide
Bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide
.alpha.-Cumyl peroxide
2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene
Di-.alpha.-cumyl peroxide
M51X2J0U9D
DTXSID1025017
.alpha.,.alpha.'-Dicumyl peroxide
NSC-56772
Bis(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide
Samperox DCP
Perkadox 96
Lupersol 500
DTXCID605017
Di-cup 40ke
Dicup 40
Dicumyl peroxide, dry
Di-Cup 40 KE
MFCD00036227
CAS-80-43-3
1,1'-(dioxydipropane-2,2-diyl)dibenzene
CCRIS 4616
DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%
DESCRIPTION:
Dicumyl peroxide is a 40% inert polymer bound formulation in granular form.

CAS No.: 80-43-3
Einecs Number: 201-279-3
Molecular weight: 270.4

APPLICATIONS OF DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%:
Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is used in vulcanization of rubber
Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is used as a crosslinking agent in the synthesis of polylactic acid composite fibers
Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is used in the preparation of polyethylene composites
Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is used in the synthesis of polyamide 112/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer blends.


Dicumyl peroxide is a monofunctional peroxide which is used for the crosslinking of natural rubber and synthetic rubbers, as well as polyolefins.
Rubber compounds containing Dicumyl peroxide have excellent scorch safety, and under certain conditions one step mixing is possible.
Safe processing temperature: 130°C (rheometer ts2 > 20 min.).
Typical crosslinking temperature: 170°C (rheometer t90 about 12 min.)


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%:
Appearance: white powder
Peroxide assay: appx. 40%
Active oxygen assay: appx. 2.37%
Bulk density at 20°C: 400 kg/m³
CAS No.: 80-43-3
Molecular weight: 270.4
vapor density
9.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure
15.4 mmHg ( 38 °C)
Assay: 98%
Form: solid
reaction suitability
reagent type: oxidant
mp: 39-41 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.56 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
Testing Item First Glass
Calcium carbonate content 59-61%
Total volatile content ≤0.01%
Concentration 39-41%
Screen residue rate A.28.5% max(80meshes)
B.5%max(40meshes)
C.0%(30meshes)
Appearance White powder
Active oxygen content,% 2.28-2.4
Name
Dicumyl peroxide
EINECS 201-279-3
CAS No. 80-43-3
Density 1.026 g/cm3
PSA 18.46000
LogP 4.80520
Solubility insoluble in water
Melting Point 39-41 °C(lit.)
Formula C18H22O2
Boiling Point 351.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 270.371
Flash Point 99.6 °C
Transport Information UN 2121/3110
Appearance white powder
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
80-43-3
Physical form
Granules
Molecular Weight
270.4
Concentration
2.31-2.43%
Chemical name
Dicumyl peroxide


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product








SYNONYMS OF DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%:
Peroxide,bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl) (8CI);
Bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) peroxide;
C 3 (crosslinkingagent);
D 40C;
DCP 40C;
DCP 99;
Di-Cup 40;
Di-Cup 40HAF;
Di-Cup 60;
Di-Cup 90;
Di-Cup T;
Dicumylperoxide;
Interox DCUP 1;
Kayacumyl D 40C;
LX 500;
Luperco 500-40KE;
Luperox 500;
Luperox500T;
Luperox 505R;
Luperox DC 40KEP;
Luperox DC40P-SP;
Luperox DCP;
Luperox PP 20;
NSC 56772;
PO-D;
Percumyl D;
Perkadox B;
Perkadox BC 40;
Perkadox BC40B-PD;
Perkadox BC 40KPD;
Perkadox BC 95;
Perkadox BC-FF;
Peroximon DC;
Peroximon DC/SC;
RC 3;
Retic DCP;
Sanperox DCP;
Trigonox 239A;
Varox 40KE;
Varox DCP 40C-SP2;
Varox DCP-R;
a,a'-Dicumyl peroxide;



DICYANDIAMIDE

Dicyandiamide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4N4.
Dicyandiamide is composed of two cyano groups (CN) linked by two amidine groups (NH).
The chemical structure of dicyandiamide can be represented as H2N-C(=NH)-N=C(=NH)-NH2.

CAS Number: 461-58-5
EC Number: 207-312-8



APPLICATIONS


Dicyandiamide is a key component in the production of melamine, a versatile industrial resin used in laminates and coatings.
Dicyandiamide serves as a curing agent for epoxy resins, enhancing the durability and strength of various composite materials.

In agriculture, Dicyandiamide is employed as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, contributing to efficient nutrient utilization by plants.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the synthesis of guanidine derivatives, which are used in pharmaceuticals and organic chemistry.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in the manufacturing of flame retardants, enhancing the fire resistance of polymers and textiles.

Dicyandiamide is a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of dyestuffs, contributing to the vibrant colors in textiles and other materials.
In the wood and laminating industries, the compound is used in adhesives to improve bonding properties.

Dicyandiamide plays a role in the production of color fixatives for dyed fabrics in the textile industry.
Dicyandiamide is used as an additive in electroplating processes to enhance the properties of metal coatings.

Dicyandiamide serves as a stabilizer and crosslinking agent in the formulation of certain polymers.
Dicyandiamide is employed in soil conditioning practices due to its gradual release of nitrogen, improving crop yields in agriculture.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, including corrosion inhibitors and biocides.

In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as a building block for the synthesis of certain drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the production of adhesives for various industrial applications.
Dicyandiamide has been studied for its potential use in inhibiting microbial activity in certain processes and applications.

Dicyandiamide is employed as a reducing agent in specific chemical reactions, showcasing its versatile reactivity.
Dicyandiamide is used as a stabilizing agent in the production of nitrogen-containing compounds.

In the electrochemical industry, it finds application in the production of batteries and other energy storage devices.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in wastewater treatment processes to control microbial growth and improve water quality.
Dicyandiamide contributes to the formulation of coatings and paints with enhanced durability and adhesion properties.

Dicyandiamide is studied for its potential use in the synthesis of high-performance polymers with unique properties.
In the food industry, Dicyandiamide may find applications in certain food additives and processing aids.

Dicyandiamide is utilized in the synthesis of resins and polymers with specific chemical and physical properties.
Dicyandiamide has been explored for its potential use in the production of nanomaterials with tailored properties.
Dicyandiamide continues to be researched for new and innovative applications in various industries, showcasing its adaptability and potential.

In the electronics industry, Dicyandiamide is used in the production of printed circuit boards as a resin curing agent.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the synthesis of melamine formaldehyde resins, widely used in the manufacturing of durable laminates and coatings.

Dicyandiamide is utilized as a stabilizer in the production of nitrocellulose-based explosives, enhancing their safety and shelf life.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the formulation of slow-release fertilizers, ensuring a sustained and controlled nutrient supply for plants.

Dicyandiamide is employed in the textile industry for the preparation of flame-resistant fabrics, contributing to improved safety in various applications.
Dicyandiamide is used as a nitrogen source in the production of nitrogen-rich organic compounds, such as cyanuric acid.
In water treatment processes, it serves as a biocide and corrosion inhibitor, helping maintain the integrity of water systems.

Dicyandiamide plays a role in the synthesis of polyfunctional amines, which find applications in the production of surfactants and detergents.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the manufacturing of slow-release tablets in the pharmaceutical industry, controlling the release of active ingredients.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, which are essential in medicinal chemistry.

In adhesive formulations, it acts as a crosslinking agent, enhancing the bonding strength of adhesives in various applications.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the production of automotive coatings, providing durable and protective finishes for vehicles.

Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of resins for powder coatings, contributing to the corrosion resistance of coated surfaces.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the formulation of epoxy molding compounds, used in encapsulating electronic components.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the creation of slow-release biocides, contributing to long-lasting antimicrobial properties in certain materials.

Dicyandiamide is utilized in the synthesis of high-performance plastics, offering improved mechanical and thermal properties.
In the construction industry, it is employed in the production of cement admixtures to enhance strength and durability.
Dicyandiamide serves as a key ingredient in the synthesis of dicyandiamide-formaldehyde resins, used as wood adhesives.

Dicyandiamide is involved in the creation of ink formulations, providing improved adhesion and durability on various surfaces.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the manufacturing of encapsulating materials for electronic components, ensuring their protection from environmental factors.

Dicyandiamide finds use in the creation of fire-retardant coatings, contributing to enhanced fire safety in various applications.
Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of guanidine-based pharmaceuticals, demonstrating its significance in drug development.
In the rubber industry, it is applied in the production of vulcanization accelerators, improving the performance of rubber products.

Dicyandiamide is involved in the creation of water-based paints, offering eco-friendly alternatives with low volatile organic compound (VOC) content.
Dicyandiamide is explored for potential applications in nanotechnology, showcasing its adaptability to emerging fields of study.

Dicyandiamide is utilized in the manufacturing of effervescent salts, contributing to their controlled release of gases in various applications.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the synthesis of cyanoguanidine, an intermediate used in the production of herbicides and fungicides.
Dicyandiamide is employed in the creation of thermosetting plastics, contributing to their strong and heat-resistant properties.
Dicyandiamide plays a role in the production of cyanuric acid, a stabilizer used in swimming pool water treatment.

In the rubber and tire industry, it is used as a vulcanization activator, improving the elasticity and strength of rubber compounds.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the creation of nitrogen-rich polymers, which find use in specialty coatings and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors for various metals and alloys.

Dicyandiamide serves as a processing aid in the manufacturing of melamine-formaldehyde molding compounds for tableware and utensils.
In the field of environmental protection, it is used in the removal of nitrogen compounds from industrial wastewater.

Dicyandiamide is applied in the synthesis of crosslinked polymers for controlled drug release in pharmaceutical formulations.
Dicyandiamide is utilized as a crosslinking agent in the production of water-based emulsions for coatings and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide plays a role in the creation of slow-release coatings for seeds, enhancing nutrient availability during germination.

Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymers with flame-retardant properties.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the formulation of adhesives for the bonding of rubber to metal in industrial applications.

Dicyandiamide serves as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions, facilitating the synthesis of diverse organic compounds.
In the creation of specialty chemicals, it acts as a building block for the synthesis of high-value intermediates.

Dicyandiamide is utilized in the formulation of flocculants for water treatment, aiding in the removal of impurities.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the synthesis of guanidinium salts, which find use in organic synthesis and catalysis.

In the paper and pulp industry, it is used in the creation of wet-strength additives for paper products.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the formulation of coatings for steel structures, providing corrosion protection.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in the creation of encapsulating materials for electronic devices, offering insulation and protection.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the creation of dental materials, such as adhesives and restorative composites.

Dicyandiamide is involved in the synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymers used in the aerospace industry.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the formulation of inkjet inks, contributing to their stability and color vibrancy.
In the creation of slow-release pharmaceutical formulations, it is used to control the release of active ingredients over time.



DESCRIPTION


Dicyandiamide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4N4.
Dicyandiamide is composed of two cyano groups (CN) linked by two amidine groups (NH).
The chemical structure of dicyandiamide can be represented as H2N-C(=NH)-N=C(=NH)-NH2.

Dicyandiamide is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water.
Dicyandiamide is known for its versatile applications, including use in the production of fertilizers, resins, and as a curing agent for epoxy resins.
Dicyandiamide is also employed in the synthesis of various organic compounds and as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Additionally, dicyandiamide has applications in the pharmaceutical and textile industries.

Dicyandiamide is a white, odorless, and crystalline compound with the chemical formula C2H4N4.
Dicyandiamide is soluble in water, providing versatility in various applications.

Dicyandiamide is known for its high melting point, typically around 209 degrees Celsius.
Dicyandiamide is a derivative of cyanamide and is composed of two cyano groups connected by two amidine groups.

Dicyandiamide is commercially produced through the cyanamide dimerization process.
Dicyandiamide plays a crucial role in the production of melamine, a widely used industrial resin.
Dicyandiamide is utilized as a curing agent in the manufacture of epoxy resins, enhancing their durability and strength.

In the agricultural sector, it is employed as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer due to its gradual decomposition.
Dicyandiamide is known for its low toxicity, making it suitable for various industrial and agricultural applications.

Dicyandiamide is often used in the synthesis of guanidine compounds and other organic derivatives.
Dicyandiamide serves as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs.
Dicyandiamide is a key component in the production of adhesives, particularly those used in the wood and laminating industries.

Due to its ability to release nitrogen gradually, it is used in soil conditioning and fertilization practices.
Dicyandiamide is an essential building block in the synthesis of flame retardants and specialty chemicals.
In the textile industry, it finds application in the creation of color fixatives for dyed fabrics.

Dicyandiamide exhibits stability under various environmental conditions, contributing to its widespread use.
Dicyandiamide has been studied for its potential role in inhibiting microbial activity in certain applications.
Dicyandiamide undergoes decomposition upon heating, releasing ammonia and cyanamide as byproducts.

Dicyandiamide is employed in the electroplating industry as an additive to enhance the properties of metal coatings.
Dicyandiamide is classified as a non-hazardous substance, adhering to safety and environmental regulations.
Dicyandiamide is recognized for its ability to function as a reducing agent in certain chemical processes.
Dicyandiamide is a white, free-flowing powder with good storage stability.

Dicyandiamide is used as a stabilizer and crosslinking agent in the production of certain polymers.
Dicyandiamide is subject to quality control measures to ensure purity and consistency in various applications.
Due to its multifaceted properties, Dicyandiamide continues to be a valuable compound in the chemical, agricultural, and industrial sectors.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C2H4N4
Molecular Weight: 84.08 g/mol
Appearance: White, crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 209 degrees Celsius
Solubility in Water: Soluble
Density: 1.40 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Vapor Density: Not applicable
pH: Neutral (around 7 in water)
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Refractive Index: 1.633
Crystal Structure: Crystalline lattice
Hygroscopicity: Non-hygroscopic
Viscosity: Not applicable (solid at room temperature)
Electrical Conductivity: Low electrical conductivity
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Low toxicity
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur
Compatibility: Compatible with many organic solvents and water
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes upon heating



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhalation occurs, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Ensure proper ventilation.

Seek Medical Attention:
If respiratory irritation persists or if symptoms are severe, seek medical attention promptly.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Remove contaminated clothing, including shoes and accessories, while avoiding further exposure.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.

Seek Medical Advice:
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes Immediately:
Rinse eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that eyelids are held open.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If present and easily removable, remove contact lenses during the eye-rinsing process.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other eye-related symptoms persist.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the medical personnel with information about the substance ingested.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety glasses or goggles, protective gloves, and suitable protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.

Engineering Controls:
Use adequate ventilation, such as local exhaust systems, to control airborne concentrations and prevent inhalation exposure.

Avoiding Ingestion:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while handling the substance, and wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Avoiding Inhalation:
Avoid breathing dust or vapors.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask, if ventilation is insufficient.

Preventing Contamination:
Prevent contamination of clothing, personal items, and work surfaces.
Use dedicated equipment for handling Dicyandiamide.

Safe Handling Procedures:
Follow safe handling procedures and adhere to good industrial hygiene practices.
Do not use compressed air for cleaning surfaces.

Static Electricity:
Ground equipment and containers to prevent the buildup of static electricity.

Storage Compatibility:
Store away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, strong bases, and reducing agents.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label containers with the substance name, hazard information, and appropriate safety symbols.


Storage:

Temperature Control:
Store in a cool, dry place.
Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and heat.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent the buildup of vapors.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store away from incompatible substances to prevent cross-contamination.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriately labeled and compatible containers made of materials resistant to Dicyandiamide.

Preventing Leaks and Spills:
Use containment measures, such as spill trays or secondary containment, to prevent and contain spills.

Avoiding Container Damage:
Inspect containers regularly for damage or leaks, and replace damaged containers promptly.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations and safety showers, is readily available in the storage area.

Handling Procedures:
Follow proper handling procedures during loading, unloading, and transportation to minimize the risk of spills.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access and tampering with stored substances.

Emergency Response Plan:
Have a comprehensive emergency response plan in place, including procedures for handling spills, leaks, and exposure incidents.

Regulatory Compliance:
Ensure compliance with local, national, and international regulations regarding the storage of hazardous substances.



SYNONYMS


Cyanoguanidine
Carbamidine
N-Cyanoguanidine
DCD
Dicyandiamin
N-Carbamimidoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine
DCDA (Dicyandiamide)
N-Carbamimidoyl-cyanamide
Didroguanidine
4,6-Diamino-1,2-dihydro-2-imino-1,3,5-triazine
Guanidine, N-cyanoguanidino-
2-Cyanoguanidine
N-Cyano-N'-amidino-guanidine
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine
Guanidine, N-cyanimidoyl-
4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine
Guanidine, dicyano-
Amide, (aminoiminomethyl)-
NCN
Guanidine, 2-cyano-
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoimidic acid
4,6-Diamino-s-triazine
Didroguanidin
Cyanoguanidin
N-Cyano-N'-amidinoguanidine
Dicyan
Guanidine, N'-cyano-
Guanidine, N-cyanomethylene-
Guanidine, dicyanoimid
Carbamidoformamidine
Cyanoguanidin
Dicyanimide
Dicyanoguanidine
Guanidine, dicyanamidine-
Amidinoformamidine
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoimidic acid
Guanidine, N'-cyanoformamidine-
N-Carbamoylcyanoguanidine
Carbamoylformamidine
2-Cyanoamidinoimidazoline
Amidinoimidocarbonimidic diamide
4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-carbonitrile
Guanidine, N-cyano-N'-amidino-
Cyanoguanidinimid
Guanidine, dicyanamide, 2- (9CI)
N-Carbamimidoyl-N-cyanoformamidine
Guanidine, amidinocyano-
N-Carbamimidoyl-cyanoguanidine
Amidinoformamidine
2-Cyano-2-iminoacetamide
Amidinoformamidinium
N'-Cyanoformamidine
N-Carbamimidoyl-N-cyanoguanidine
Dicyanoguanidin
Dicyanamide
Cyanoguanidine, N-cyanoformamidinyl-
Guanidine, N'-cyano-N-amidino-
Guanidine, N-carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine-
Dicyanimid
Amidinocyanoguanidine
Guanidine, N-cyanomethylene-N'-cyanoformamidine
Guanidine, dicyanoformamidine-
Amidinecyanoguanidine
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine
2-Cyanoamidinoamidazoline
Amidinecyanoguanidine
Carbamoylaminomethylene dicyanide
Dicyanoformamidine
Guanidine, N-carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidin
Guanidine, N'-cyano-N-amidino-
Guanidine, N-cyano-N'-amidino-N-carbamoyl-
Amidinoformamidinium
Carbamoylaminomethylene dicyanide
Dicyanoformamidine
DICYANDIAMIDE
Dicyandiamide is a white crystalline powder.
Dicyandiamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula (NH2)2C=NH.
Dicyandiamide is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.


CAS Number: 461-58-5
EC Number: 207-312-8
MDL number: MFCD00008066
Linear Formula: NH2C(=NH)NHCN
Molecular Formula : C2H4N4


Dicyandiamide is a white crystal powder.
Dicyandiamide is soluble in water,alcohol,ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide,insoluble in ether and benzene.
Dicyandiamide is nonflammable.


Dicyandiamide is stable when dry.
Dicyandiamide is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of cyanoguanidine.
Dicyandiamide is the dimer of cyanamide or cyanoguanidine, which is mainly used in the production of melamine.


Dicyandiamide is an intermediate for melamine production and is the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins.
Commonly known as dicyandiamide, the white crystalline compound, Dicyandiamide, is the dimer for cyanamide or for cyanoguanidine.
Dicyandiamide crystals melt at 210° C, and are soluble in water and alcohol.


Dicyandiamide, also known as Cyanoguanidine, is a non-hazardous, non-volatile, white crystalline powder with the molecular formula of C2H4N4 and CAS number 461-58-5.
Dicyandiamide is a nitrogen-based molecule (66% by weight) with high reactivity that is used in a wide variety of applications across multiple industries.


Dicyandiamide is a nitrile derived from guanidine.
Dicyandiamide is a dimer of cyanamide, from which it can be prepared.
Dicyandiamide is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol, but not nonpolar organic solvents.


Dicyandiamide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Dicyandiamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula (NH2)2C=NH.


Dicyandiamide is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Dicyandiamide is a white crystalline powder.
The solubility in water is 2.26% at 13 C, and the solubility in hot water is larger.


Ammonia gas is produced when the aqueous solution is gradually decomposed at 80 °c.
The solubility of anhydrous ethanol and ether in 13 degrees C, respectively, 1.26% and 0.01%.
Dicyandiamide is soluble in liquid ammonia, insoluble in benzene and chloroform.


Relative density of Dicyandiamide is (d254) 1.40.
Melting point of Dicyandiamide is 209.5 °c.
Dicyandiamide is white crystal powder.


Dicyandiamide is soluble in water,alcohol,ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Dicyandiamide is nonflammable.
Dicyandiamide is stable when dry.


Dicyandiamide is stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse.
Dicyandiamide should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, avoiding mixed storage.
Dicyandiamide, abbreviation DICY or DCD, is a dimer of cyanamide and is also a cyano derivative of guanidine.


Chemical Formula of Dicyandiamide is C₂H₄N₄.
Dicyandiamide is white crystal powder, which soluble in water, alcohol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl formamide, almost insoluble in ether and benzene.
Dicyandiamide is nonflammable, stable when dry.


Dicyandiamide, abbreviated DICY or DCDA, which is also known as 2-Cyanoguanidine, is a alkaline, hydrophilic white crystalline compound.
Dicyandiamide is a dimer of cyanogen and a cyanogen derivative of guanidine.
The solubility of Dicyandiamide in water is 2.26% at 13℃, which is higher in hot water.


When aqueous solution is at 80℃, Dicyandiamide will decomposed gradually to produce ammonia.
The solubility in anhydrous ethanol is 1.2% at 13℃, which is soluble in liquid ammonia but insoluble in benzene and chloroform.
Dicyandiamide is a kind of White crystal. Relative density is 1.40. Melting point of Dicyandiamide is 209-212°C.


Dicyandiamide is soluble in water and alcohol, slightly insoluble in aether and benzene.
Dicyandiamide is Stable in dry condition.
Dicyandiamide is an intermediate for synthesis of medicines.


Dicyandiamide is produced from the polymerization of cyanamide in the presence of a base.
Dicyandiamide is typically pure white crystals, stable when dry and soluble in liquid ammonia.
Dicyandiamide is partly soluble in hot water.


Dicyandiamide is non-flammable.
Dicyandiamide is white prismatic crystalline powder.
Dicyandiamide is readily soluble in water, alcohol, and diethyl ether.


Dicyandiamide is soluble in Water (32g/L ) at 20°C
Dicyandiamide is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of cyanoguanidine.
Dicyandiamideis an intermediate for melamine production and is the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICYANDIAMIDE:
Dicyandiamide is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Release to the environment of Dicyandiamide can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Other release to the environment of Dicyandiamide is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Dicyandiamide can be found in products with material based on: leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture).
Widespread uses by professional workers
Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: fertilisers, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and adhesives and sealants.


Dicyandiamide is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services and scientific research and development.
Dicyandiamide is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of Dicyandiamide is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants, laboratory chemicals, anti-freeze products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, fertilisers, leather treatment products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Dicyandiamide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: leather treatment products, polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Dicyandiamide is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Dicyandiamide is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and chemicals.


Release to the environment of Dicyandiamide can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Dicyandiamidee can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Dicyandiamide is used as fertilizer, nitrocellulose stabilizer, rubber vulcanization accelerator, also used in the preparation of guanidine salt, melamine, barbituric acid, etc.
Dicyandiamide is also the raw material of melamine and the intermediate of synthetic medicine, pesticide and dye


Dicyandiamide, commonly known as dicyandiamide, is a latent curing agent that has long been used, and is widely used in coatings, single packaging adhesives, film adhesives, etc.
Dicyandiamide is white crystal, melting point 207~209 ℃, toxicity is small, but difficult to dissolve in epoxy resin.


It is reported that Dicyandiamide can be dissolved in epoxy resin with a solvent, but dicyandiamide is still mixed with epoxy resin after being pulverized, heated and mixed on a triple roll, or processed by an extruder.
Usually no accelerator mixture, the applicable period of more than half a year.


The curing mechanism of Dicyandiamide is more complex, in addition to four active hydrogen in the reaction, cyano also has reactivity.
In addition, dicyandiamide also has the role of catalytic curing agent.
For E-51 epoxy resin, the theoretical dosage of Dicyandiamide is 11g per g resin, while the actual dosage is 4~10G, especially for Solid epoxy resin.


Dicyandiamide is used epoxy resin curing agent, Starch paste additive, Synthetic detergent stabilizer, Dyestuff, etc.
Dicyandiamide is used in the production of melamine and other chemicals, as well as in the treatment of water and waste.
Dicyandiamide is also used as a flame retardant and a curing agent in the production of adhesives and coatings.


Dicyandiamide is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers, fireproofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.


Other uses for Dicyandiamide are in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, oil well-drilling muds, pharmaceuticals, and dyestuffs.
Dicyandiamide is called DCDA, CAS NO. is 461-58-5, it can be used to produce sewage decolorization agent, used as a fertilizer, cellulose nitrate stabilizers, rubber vulcanization accelerators, etc.


The big advantage of Dicyandiamide is that it is extremely reactive but nevertheless non-hazardous, and because of this it is used in a wide variety of applications.
The largest application field is as a synthetic component for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s), inter alia for the manufacture of the type II anti-diabetes drug Metformin.


Dicyandiamide is used as a raw material in forward-integrated intermediate products for the production of a diverse range of guanadine salts, guanamines and DCD based condensation products; used in air bags, water treatment, flame retardants, textiles, leather tanning and finishing, and pulp and paper finishing auxiliaries.


Dicyandiamide can be used to produce sewage decolorization agent, used as a fertilizer, cellulose nitrate stabilizers, rubber vulcanization accelerators, also used to make plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic varnish, cyanide compound, or a raw material for producing melanin, used for verification of cobalt, nickel, copper and palladium, organic synthesis , nitrocellulose stabilizer, hardener, detergent, vulcanization accelerator, resin synthesis.


Dicyandiamide is primarily used as raw material for active pharmaceutical ingredients production for making anti-diabetic drugs. Dicyandiamide is also used as a curing agent in epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide is also used in production of organic chemicals, which include, water treatment chemicals, slow and controlled nitrogen release fertilizers, dye fixing agents, and pharmaceuticals.


Dicyandiamide is used as an intermediate in the production of fertilizers, flame retardants, coatings, and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide is primarily used in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which are used in production of metformin, a preferred drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Electronic grade Dicyandiamide is used as epoxy resin curing agent in copper cladding of electronic information industry, inner film of metal package in food and drink industry, super grade in noxious flame-retardant, plastic additives in package of foodstuff and intermediates in pharmaceutical industry.
Dicyandiamide is often used as a curing agent for epoxies and as a used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.


Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals, including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizer, pesticides, dye fixing, fire proofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.


Another popular use of Dicyandiamide (DICY) is as a flame retardant additive in the paper and textile industries.
Dicyandiamide can be used as a slow-release fertilizer.
Dicyandiamide also finds applications in the adhesive industry, powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications.


Another major application field is the hot-curing of epoxy resins for industrial applications, and in recent years Dicyandiamide has a growing importance as a nitrogen stabiliser for agicultural fertilisers.
Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of barbiturates.


Dicyandiamide is used as a stabilizer of ammonium dinitramide melt.
Dicyandiamide is used as hardener.
Dicyandiamide is the dimer of cyanamide or cyanoguanidine, which is mainly used in the production of melamine.


Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers, fireproofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.
Dicyandiamide is also used as a slow fertilizer.


Formerly, Dicyandiamide was used as a fuel in some explosives
Dicyandiamide is used as a slow-release fertilizer.
In the adhesive industry, Dicyandiamide is used as a curing agent for epoxies.


Dicyandiamide is also used as a flame retardant additive in paper and textile industries.
Additional applications of Dicyandiamide include use in powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications.


Dicyandiamide is also used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.
Dicyandiamide is used as fertilizer, nitrocellulose stabilizer, rubber vulcanization accelerator, also used in the preparation of guanidine salt, melamine, barbituric acid and so on.


-Applications of Dicyandiamide include:
*Flame retardant additive in timer, paper, and textile industries
*Slow/continuous release nitrogen fertilizer
*Hardener/curing agent in Epoxy resins
*Powder coatings
*Dielectric coatings
*Adhesives
*Water treatment chemicals
*Dye fixing
*Pharmaceutical applications
*Stabilizer compound for PVC flooring
*Floatation depressant in copper ores


-Fertilizer Applications of Dicyandiamide:
Dicyandiamide is used in fertilizer formulations as a slow/continuous release nitrogen source.
There are two major ways in which nitrogen is lost from soil – denitrification and leeching.
Denitrification is loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Leeching is when nitrogen is washed from soil through rain or irrigation.
Dicy has been shown to prevent nitrogen loss through both leeching and de-nitrification in soil.
This helps reduce the negative effects of greenhouse gas emission such as nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching into waterways.



DICYANDIAMIDE FOR EPOXY LAMINATES:
Dicyandiamide, also known as cyanoguanidine, has long been used as a latent curing agent in powder coatings, adhesives and other fields.
Dicyandiamide can be stored at room temperature for up to 6 months after mixing with epoxy resin.
The curing mechanism of dicyandiamide is complex.

Besides the four hydrogens on dicyandiamide, the cyanogroup also has some reactivity.
When Dicyandiamide is used as curing agent of epoxy resin, the curing temperature is very high, generally between 150 ℃ and 170℃.
At this temperature, many devices and materials cannot be used because they cannot bear such temperature, or the curing temperature of one-component epoxy resin must be reduced due to the requirements of the production process.



DICYANDIAMIDE FOR WATER TREATMENT:
Dicyandiamide is white prismatic crystalline powder with a solubility of 2.26% in water at 13℃.
Dicyandiamide is easily soluble in hot water, and it will decompose slowly to produce ammonia when the aqueous solution is above 80℃.
Dicyandiamide is stable when dry, does not burn, low toxicity.

Dicyandiamide is also used in production of organic chemicals, which include, water treatment chemicals, slow and controlled nitrogen release fertilizers, dye fixing agents, and pharmaceuticals.
Dicyandiamide is used as an intermediate in the production of fertilizers, flame retardants, coatings, and adhesives.



APPLICATION METHOD OF DICYANDIAMIDE:
1. Dicyandiamide should be prepared for the water solution of 0.1% as concentration.
Dicyandiamide is better to use neutral and desalted water.
2. Dicyandiamide should be scattered evenly in the stirring water, and the dissolving can be accelerated by warming the water (below 60℃).
3. The most economical dosage can be determined based on a preliminary test.
The pH value of the water to be treated should be adjusted before the treatment.



PRODUCTION AND USE OF DICYANDIAMIDE
Dicyandiamide is produced by treating cyanamide with base. It is produced in soil by decomposition of cyanamide.
A variety of useful compounds are produced from Dicyandiamide, guanidines and melamine.
For example, acetoguanamine and benzoguanamine are prepared by condensation of cyanoguanidine with the nitrile:
(H2N)2C=NCN + RCN → (CNH2)2(CR)N3

Dicyandiamide is also used as a slow fertilizer.
Formerly, Dicyandiamide was used as a fuel in some explosives.
Dicyandiamide is used in the adhesive industry as a curing agent for epoxy resins.



CHEMISTRY OF DICYANDIAMIDE:
Two tautomeric forms exist, differing in the protonation and bonding of the nitrogen to which the nitrile group is attached.
Dicyandiamide can also exist in a zwitterionic form via a formal acid–base reaction among the nitrogens.
Loss of ammonia (NH3) from the zwitterionic form, followed by deprotonation of the remaining central nitrogen atom, gives the dicyanamide anion, [N(CN)2]−.
Dicyandiamide is used as an element of synthesis for production of plastics, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and technical chemicals.



ULTRA-FINE DICYANDIAMIDE:
Ultra-fine Dicyandiamide is primarily used for epoxy powder coatings, film adhesives, electronic potting, etc.
The ultra-fine particles have the storage stability of more than six months, which helps prevent settling and promotes uniform curing.
Epoxy systems cured with ultra-micronized dicyandiamide offer superior adhesion, making it a preferred option for adhesive formulations.
Furthermore, ultra-micronized dicyandiamide is compatible with all epoxy resins such as bisphenol A, novolac, etc. along with a varied range of pigments and fillers.
Moreover, ultra-micronized dicyandiamide is non-toxic.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICYANDIAMIDE:
Appearance : Crystalline powder
Physical State : Solid
Solubility : Soluble in Water: 0.1 g/mL
Storage : Store at 4° C
Melting Point : 208-211° C (lit.)
Molecular Weight: 84.08
Melting Point: 208.0°C to 211.0°C
Color: White
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99.5%
Merck Index: 15, 3103
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 32g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: 38g/L in methanol (20°C)
IUPAC Name: 2-cyanoguanidine
Formula Weight: 84.08
Percent Purity: 99.5%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
EINECS: 207-312-8

Density: 1.42 g/cm3
Melting Point: 208-211 `C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 229.8 `C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 92.8 `C
Solubility: 32 g/L (20 `C) in water
Appearance: white powder
Appearance: White Powder
Heating Loss ,% ≤: 0.3
Calcium Content ,%. ≤: 0.020
Solubility: Easy Dissolving in Water
Dicyandiamide Content ,% ≥: ≥99.5
Shelf Life: 12 Months
Safety: Harmless No-Flammable
EINECS: 207-312-8
Density: 1.42 g/cm3
Melting Point: 208-211 `C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 229.8 `C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 92.8 `C
Solubility: 32 g/L (20 `C) in water
Appearance: white powder

Physical state: solid
Color: colorless
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 208 - 211 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas):
The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 170 °C
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Pow: 0,1; log Pow: -1 at 20 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,4 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Dissociation constant: 2,69 at 20 °C
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4
Molar Mass: 84.08
Density: 1.40
Melting Point: 208-211 °C (lit.)
Boling Point: 144.35°C (rough estimate)
Flash Point: 92.8°C
Water Solubility: 32 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: Soluble in Water: 0.1 g/mL
Vapor Presure: 0.001Pa at 20℃
Appearance: White powder
Color: White
Merck: 14,3092
BRN: 605637

pKa: 0.73±0.70(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.
Sensitive: Easily absorbing moisture
Refractive Index: 1.6260 (estimate)
MDL: MFCD00008066
Melting Point: 209 to 212 degc
Ash: Max0.05%
Storage Temperature: +20 ° C
Molecular Weight: 84
Assay: Min99.5%
Calcium: Max200ppm
Moisture: Max0.3%
Appearance: White crystalline



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Cyanoguanidine
DCD
DCDA
xb2879b
Pyroset DO
epicuredicy7
epicuredicy15
Dicyandiamide
Dicyanodiamide
Cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
N-Cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanoguanidine
Guanidine, cyano-
Guanidine-1-carbonitrile
diamino(cyanoiminio)methane
DCD, Cyanoguanidine
Dicyanodiamide
Guanidine, cyano-
Cyanoguanidine
Dicyanodiamide
N-Cyanoguanidine
Pyroset DO
1-Cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
Guanidine-1-carbonitrile
NCN=C(NH2)2
Dicyanediamide
Dicyandiamin
ACR-H 3636
Araldite HT 986
Araldite XB 2879B
Araldite XB 2979B
Bakelite VE 2560
Epicure DICY 15
Epicure DICY 7
Guanidine, N-cyano-
NSC 2031
XB 2879B
Cyanoguanidine
dicyanodiamide
N-cyanoguanidine
1-cyanoguanidine
Guanidine-1-carbonitrile
dicyandiamin
Didin
DCD
Dicy
2-Cyanoguanidine
DCD
cyano-(diaminomethylidene)azanium
XB 2879B
Dyhard 100S
Dyhard 100
Araldite HT 986
Ajicure AH 150
Epicure DICY 7
Epicure DICY
Amicure AH 162
H 3636S
Adeka HT 2844
N-Cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
Amicure CG 1400
Didin
Dicy 100S
Dicyanex 1400B
Dyhard 100SF
Dicyandiamido
Sodium Dicyandiamide
Bakelite VE 2560
Amicure CG 325
1-Cyanoguanidine
Guanidine,cyano-
Dicy
Dyhard RU 100
Dicyandiamid
DICYANDIAMIN
3,3-Diaminodenzidein
Dicyanex 200
Dicyanodiamide
N-Cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
CGNA
Dicyandiamide




DICYANDIAMIDE
DICYCLOHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE, N° CAS : 23386-52-9, Nom INCI : DICYCLOHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE, Nom chimique : Sodium 1,4-dicyclohexyl sulphonatosuccinate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 245-629-3. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité. Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau.Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
DICYCLOHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
DIDECYL-DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-decanaminium chloride; quaternium 12; 1-Decanaminium,N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-,chloride; aliquat203; bardac22; bio-dac50-22; btc1010; btco1010; ddac(didecyldimethylammoniumchloride); didecyldimethyl-ammoniuchloride; didecyldimethylammoniumchloride(ddac); dimethyldidecylammoniumchloride; n-decyl-n,n-dimethyl-1-decanaminiuchloride; DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE; didecyl dimethyl Ammonium Chloride 50% solution in Toluene; didecyl dimethyl Ammonium Chloride 70% solution; Didecildimethylammonium chloride; BARDAC2280; Bardac(R) 22 CAS NO:7173-51-5
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Dicyclohexylamine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclohexylamines.
Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine is an inhibitor of spermidine biosynthesis and aminopropyl transferases.


CAS Number: 101-83-7
EC Number: 202-980-7
MDL number: MFCD00011658
Linear Formula: (C6H11)2NH
Chemical formula: C12H23N


Dicyclohexylamine, also known as dicyclohexylammonium, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclohexylamines.
These are organic compounds containing a cyclohexylamine moiety, which consist of a cyclohexane ring attached to an amine group.
Dicyclohexylamine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Dicyclohexylamine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclohexylamines.
These are organic compounds containing a cyclohexylamine moiety, which consist of a cyclohexane ring attached to an amine group.
Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.


Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and a useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid.


Dicyclohexylamine has a characteristic ammonical odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine with CAS No. 101-83-7 is an aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water (0.8 g/L).


Dicyclohexylamine is manufactured by reacting equimolar quantities of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine or cyclohexanone and ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses.
Dicyclohexylamine is reportedly used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors, rubber vulcanization accelerators, textiles, and varnishes.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an aliphatic amine.
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
Dicyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine.


Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is slightly soluble in water.
Dicyclohexylamine may be sensitive to air.


Dicyclohexylamine is nonflammable.
Dicyclohexylamine, a secondary amine, is a colorless liquid with a fishy odor that can be used as a precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is a combustible, colorless liquid with a faint amine odor.


Dicyclohexylamine is strongly basic with reactive amine groups which readily form TV-substituted derivatives.
Dicyclohexylamine also forms salts with inorganic and organic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine will also form crystalline hydrates and alcoholates.


Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is less dense than water.
Dicyclohexylamine is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Dicyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine is a natural product found in Hordeum vulgare with data available.
Dicyclohexylamine is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.


Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow.
Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Dicyclohexylamine is used in the following products: metal working fluids.
Dicyclohexylamine is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.


Other release to the environment of Dicyclohexylamine is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Dicyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Dicyclohexylamine is used in the following products: metal working fluids, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases and polymers.
Dicyclohexylamine has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Dicyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Dicyclohexylamine is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Dicyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.


Release to the environment of Dicyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Dicyclohexylamine is widely used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to prepare dye intermediates, rubber accelerators, nitrocellulose lacquers, insecticides, catalysts, preservatives, gas phase corrosion inhibitors, and fuel antioxidant additives.


Dicyclohexylamine is also used as an extractant.
The fatty acid salts and sulfates of Dicyclohexylamine have the detergency properties of soaps used in the printing and dyeing and textile industries.
Dicyclohexylamine's metal complex is used as a catalyst for inks and paints.


Dicyclohexylamine is the raw material of food additive sweetener:
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to produce cyclohexylamine sulfonate and sodium cyclamate, which is a sweetener 30 times sweeter than sucrose.
The product name is cyclamate.


Dicyclohexylamine is used for the synthesis of desulfurizers, corrosion inhibitors, vulcanization promoters, emulsifiers, antistatic agents, latex coagulants, petroleum product additives, corrosion inhibitors, fungicides, pesticides, and so on.
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to make paints, varnishes, and detergents.


As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
One of the main uses is in the rubber industry where the Dicyclohexylamine is used as a vulcanization accelerator.
In lubricants and cutting fluids, Dicyclohexylamine does function as a corrosion inhibitor.


Other applications of Dicyclohexylamine are e.g. dyes (as of dye precursor) or use as a plasticizer.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate for the production of antioxidants and vulcanization accelerator.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as a catalyst for flexible polyurethane foams.


Dicyclohexylamine is also used in agrochemicals and textile chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.
Dicyclohexylamine is used to make paints, varnishes, and detergents.


Dicyclohexylamine is used as a vulcanization accelerator.
In lubricants and cutting fluids it does function as a corrosion inhibitor.
Reagent for preparation of crystalline amino acid derivative salts.


Dicyclohexylamine was used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.
Dicyclohexylamine was used to develop a new palladium catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromides with boronic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine was used as extractant in determination of gold(III) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.


Dicyclohexylamine is used Industrial solvent; corrosion inhibitor.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


Dicyclohexylamine is used mainly to manufacture corrosion inhibitors, paper and textile additives and vulcanization accelerators.
The numerous other applications of Dicyclohexylamine include oil additives, plasticizers and dye precursors.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as organic intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, pyroxyline varnish, insecticides, catalysts etc.


Dicyclohexylamine is used to make drugs, soaps, detergents, vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors, dyestuffs, emulsifying agents, and acid gas absorbents.
Dicyclohexylamine is also used in insecticides and as a plasticizer, antioxidant (rubber, lubricating oils, and fuels), catalyst (paints, varnishes, and inks), and extractant (natural products).


-Applications of Dicyclohexylamine:
Dicyclohexylamine has applications that are similar to those of cyclohexylamine, namely the production of:
*antioxidants in rubber and plastics
*vulcanization accelerators for rubber
*corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers
*agrochemicals
*textile chemicals
*catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams


-Industrial uses of Dicyclohexylamine:
Dicyclohexylamine is a widely used chemical intermediate.
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to absorb acidic gases, to preserve rubber latex, to plasticize casein, and to neutralize plant and insect poisons.
Metal complexes of Dicyclohexylamine are catalysts used in the paint, varnish, and ink industries.
Dicyclohexylamine salts of fatty acids and sulfuric acid have soap and detergent properties used in the printing and textile industries.
One of the most important uses of Dicyclohexylamine is as a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine is used to protect packaged or stored ferrous metals from atmospheric corrosion



SYNTHESIS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine, as a mixture with cyclohexylamine, is prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline (phenylamine), with a catalyst of ruthenium and/or palladium.
This method produces mainly cyclohexylamine with little Dicyclohexylamine.
Better results have been reported when the catalyst is applied to a support of niobic acid and/or tantalic acid.
Dicyclohexylamine is also obtained by reductive amination of cyclohexanone with ammonia or cyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine may also be prepared by pressure hydrogenation of diphenylamine using a ruthenium catalyst, or by the reaction of cyclohexanone with cyclohexylamine in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst under a hydrogen pressure of about 4 mm Hg.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
*Dialkylamines
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
*Cyclohexylamine
*Secondary amine
*Secondary aliphatic amine
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Amine
*Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine is a combustible, colorless liquid with a faint amine odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is strongly basic with reactive amine groups which readily form TV-substituted derivatives.
Dicyclohexylamine also forms salts with inorganic and organic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine will also form crystalline hydrates and alcoholates.



PROPERTIES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine is a strongly basic, clear, colorless liquid amine.
Dicyclohexylamine has a characteristic amine odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine is readily miscible in common organic solvents, but is only slightly miscible in water.
Dicyclohexylamine is inflammable.
Specific wt. of Dicyclohexylamine is (d1515℃)0.913-0.919; freezing point: -0.1℃; refractive index: (nd23℃)1.4823; flash point: 210°W.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Several methods are employed for the manufacture of Dicyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine can be manufactured by hydrogenation of equimolar amounts of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine.
Alternatively, Dicyclohexylamine can be prepared by vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unreacted aniline, and a high boiling residue comprised of N-phenylcyclohexylamine and Dicyclohexylamine.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine reacts with oxidizing agents.
Dicyclohexylamine forms crystalline salts with many N-protected amino acids.
Dicyclohexylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
Dicyclohexylamine may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -2 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 256 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point 96 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 255 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 11 at 1 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,8 g/l at 25 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: -0,4 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 16 hPa at 37,7 °C
Density: 0,91 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 7,26
Molecular Wt.: 181.32
Sp. Gr. at 20ºC: 0.91-0.92
Refractive Index at 20ºC: 1.483-1.485
Boiling Point: 256°C
Freezing Point: -1°C
Solubility in water: Sparingly soluble
Flash Point (closed cup): 98-103°C
Vapour Pressures
Pressure in mm of Hg Temperature in °C
40 148
100 176
300 213
760 256
Melting point: -2 °C
Boiling point: 256 °C
Density: 0.912 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 6 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 12 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)

refractive index: n20/D 1.4842(lit.)
Flash point: 205 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: organic solvents: soluble
form: Crystalline Powder
pka: 10.4(at 25℃)
color: White to off-white
Odor: amine odor
PH: 11 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 0.8-4.6%(V)
Water Solubility: 1 g/L (20 ºC)
Freezing Point: -2℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,3095
BRN: 605923
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-NLogP: 2.724 at 25℃
Molecular Weight: 181.32 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 181.183049738 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 181.183049738 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 12Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 116
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting Point: -2.0°C
Color: White
Density: 0.9100g/mL
Boiling Point: 256.0°C
Flash Point: 103°C

Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99% min. (GC)
Linear Formula: (C6H11)2NH
Refractive Index: 1.4832 to 1.4852
Quantity: 2.5 L
Beilstein: 12,6
Fieser: 01,231
Merck Index: 15,3106
Specific Gravity: 0.91
Solubility Information:
Solubility in water: 0.8g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: miscible with most common organic solvents
Viscosity: 7.4 mPa.s (20°C)
Formula Weight: 181.32
Percent Purity: 99+%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Dicyclohexylamine
CAS number: 101-83-7
EC index number: 612-066-00-3
EC number: 202-980-7

Hill Formula: C₁₂H₂₃N
Chemical formula: (C₆H₁₁)₂NH
Molar Mass: 181.32 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 30 99
Boiling point: 256 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.91 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 - 4.6 %(V)
Flash point: 96 °C
Ignition temperature: 240 °C
Melting Point: -0.1 °C
pH value: 11 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 16 hPa (37.7 °C)
Solubility: 1 g/l
Chemical formula: C12H23N
Molar mass: 181.323 g·mol−1
Appearance: Pale yellow liquid
Density: 0.912 g/cm3
Melting point: −0.1 °C (31.8 °F; 273.0 K)
Boiling point: 255.8 °C (492.4 °F; 529.0 K)
Solubility in water: 0.8 g/L

Boiling point, °C: 256
Flash point, °C: 96
Upper Explosive Limit, %: 4.6
Lower Explosive Limit, %: 0.8
Density, g.cm⁻³: 0.912
Ionisation Energy, eV: 8.5
Molecular Weight: 181.31800
Exact Mass: 181.32
EC Number: 202-980-7
UNII: 1A93RJW924
ICSC Number: 1339
NSC Number: 3399
UN Number: 2565
DSSTox ID: DTXSID6025018
Color/Form: COLORLESS LIQUID
HScode: 2921300090
PSA: 12.03000
XLogP3: 3.63230
Density: 0.9104 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: -0.1 °C

Boiling Point: 255.8 °C @ Press: 760 Torr
Flash Point: 103ºC
Refractive Index: 1.4832-1.4852
Water Solubility: Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25°C: 0.08
Storage Conditions: Store at RT.
Vapor Pressure: 12 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)
Vapor Density: 6 (vs air)
Explosive limit: vol% in air: 0.9.9
Odor: FAINT FISHY ODOR
PH: STRONG BASE
Dissociation Constants: pKa = 10.4
Experimental Properties: READILY FORMS ADDUCTS WITH SOLVENTS
Air and Water Reactions:
Slightly soluble in water.
May be sensitive to air.
Reactive Group: Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines
Autoignition Temperature: 255 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 120 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
101-83-7
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
DCHA
Dicha
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
Dicyklohexylamin
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
NSC 3399
CCRIS 6228
HSDB 4018
EINECS 202-980-7
UN2565
UNII-1A93RJW924
BRN 0605923
MLS002174250
CHEBI:34694
AI3-15334
1A93RJW924
NCGC00090955-03
SMR001224510
DCH
DTXSID6025018
NSC-3399
C12H23N
EC 202-980-7
4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID005018
CAS-101-83-7
dicydohexylamine
dicylohexylamine
dicylcohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Cyclohexanamine, N -cyclohexyl-
di-cyclohexylamine
dicyclohexyl-amine
Dicyclohexyl amine
Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP)
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Sodium Cyclamate Impurity D
bis-cyclohexylamine
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cy2NH
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamine, 99%
Dicyclohexylamine, 99+%
DSSTox_CID_5018
SCHEMBL500
cid_7582
DSSTox_RID_77630
NCIOpen2_002862
DSSTox_GSID_25018
Oprea1_024913
N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE
MLS002152900
BIDD:ER0258
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ
Ciclohexanamina, N-ciclohexil-
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CHEMBL1451838
BDBM74256
NSC3399
HMS3741I15
STR04129
Tox21_111044
Tox21_201771
Tox21_303097
BBL002970
LS-340
MFCD00011658
NA2565
STK379549
Dicyclohexylamine, analytical standard
AKOS000119059
Tox21_111044_1
UN 2565
NCGC00090955-01
NCGC00090955-02
NCGC00090955-04
NCGC00090955-05
NCGC00090955-06
NCGC00257081-01
NCGC00259320-01
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565]
Dicyclohexylamine Dodecahydro diphenylamine
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565]
D0435
FT-0624742
EN300-17273
A11830
AG-617/02036022
Q425368
J-000503
F2190-0312
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (SEE ALSO DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE NITRITE 3129-91-7)
InChI=1/C12H23N/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h11-13H,1-10H
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-, sulfate (1:1)
Dicyclohexylamine hydrochloride
Dicyclohexylamine nitrate
Dicyclohexylamine nitrite
Dicyclohexylamine phosphate (3:1)
Dicyclohexylamine sulfate
Dicyclohexylamine sulfate (1:1)
Dicyclohexylammonium
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
D-CHA-T
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
NSC 3399
Dicyclohexylamin
N,N-Dicyclohexylamin
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamin
Dodecahydrodiphenylamin
DCHA
Aminodicyclohexane
Cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyklohexylamin
DCH
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
Dcha
Dicha
N,N-Diclohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
DCHA
N-cyclohexyl-Cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
n,n-dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamin
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA)
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
(2S,4R)-4-(tert-butoxy)-1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Dicha
Cyclohexanamine,N-cyclohexyl-
Dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
NSC 3399
D-CHA-T
111487-88-8
111487-93-5
111522-94-2
157973-63-2
856793-27-6
878781-89-6
N,N-dicyclohexylamine
dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
dicyklohexylamin
DCH
N-cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
N,N-diclohexylamine
Dcha
dicha
aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
DCH
DCHA
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine






DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
DESCRIPTION:
Dicyclohexylamine is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.
Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow.
Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.

CAS Number: 101-83-7
EC Number: 202-980-7

Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.


Dicyclohexylamine appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is Less dense than water.
Dicyclohexylamine May be toxic by ingestion.

Dicyclohexylamine Severely irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Dicyclohexylamine is Used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.

Dicyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine is a natural product found in Hordeum vulgare with data available.


Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and a useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.

Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid.
Dicyclohexylamine has a characteristic ammonical odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate for the production of antioxidants and vulcanization accelerator.

Dicyclohexylamine is used as a catalyst for flexible polyurethane foams.
Dicyclohexylamine is also used in agrochemicals and textile chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is Used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) with CAS No. 101-83-7 is an aliphatic amine.
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
One of the main uses is in the rubber industry where the DCHA Dicyclohexylamine is used as a vulcanization accelerator.

In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine does function as a corrosion inhibitor.
Here it should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Other applications of DCHA Dicyclohexylamine are in e.g dyes (as of dye precursor) or the use as a plasticizer.


Dicyclohexylamine is a strongly basic, clear, colorless liquid amine.
The material has a characteristic amine odor and tends to darken on standing. Dicyclohexylamine is readily miscible in common organic solvents, but is only slightly miscible in water.
Dicyclohexylamine is inflammable, highly toxic. Specific wt.(d1515℃)0.913-0.919; freezing point: -0.1℃; refractive index: (nd23℃)1.4823; flash point: 210°W.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a corrosion inhibitor in lubricants and cutting fluids.
Amines are added to the lubricant and fluid emulsions to act as a pH stabilizer and keep the pH high DHCA has the benefit that it does not form nitrosamines when being used.


Dicyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine with chemical formula C12H23N.
Dicyclohexylamine appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.






SYNTHESIS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine, as a mixture with cyclohexylamine, is prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline (phenylamine), with a catalyst of ruthenium and/or palladium.
This method produces mainly cyclohexylamine with little dicyclohexylamine.
Better results have been reported when the catalyst is applied to a support of niobic acid and/or tantalic acid.

Dicyclohexylamine is also obtained by reductive amination of cyclohexanone with ammonia or cyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine may also be prepared by pressure hydrogenation of diphenylamine using a ruthenium catalyst, or by the reaction of cyclohexanone with cyclohexylamine in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst under a hydrogen pressure of about 4 mm Hg.



APPLICATIONS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine has applications that are similar to those of cyclohexylamine, namely the production of:
• antioxidants in rubber and plastics
• vulcanization accelerators for rubber
• corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers
• agrochemicals
• textile chemicals
• catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams

Dicyclohexylamine was used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry
Dicyclohexylamine was used to develop a new palladium catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromides with boronic acids
Dicyclohexylamine was used as extractant in determination of gold(III) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry


Dicyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate for the production of antioxidants and vulcanization accelerator.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as a catalyst for flexible polyurethane foams.
Dicyclohexylamine is also used in agrochemicals and textile chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is Used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.


Dicyclohexylamine is used mainly to manufacture corrosion inhibitors, paper and textile additives and vulcanization accelerators.
The numerous other applications of Dicyclohexylamine include oil additives, plasticizers and dye precursors.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as organic intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, pyroxyline varnish, insecticides, catalysts etc.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product







CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Chemical formula C12H23N
Molar mass 181.323 g•mol−1
Appearance Pale yellow liquid
Density 0.912 g/cm3
Melting point −0.1 °C (31.8 °F; 273.0 K)
Boiling point 255.8 °C (492.4 °F; 529.0 K)
Solubility in water 0.8 g/L
Molecular Weight 181.32 g/mol
XLogP3-AA 3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Rotatable Bond Count 2
Exact Mass 181.183049738 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 181.183049738 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 12Ų
Heavy Atom Count 13
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 116
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
CAS number 101-83-7
EC index number 612-066-00-3
EC number 202-980-7
Hill Formula C₁₂H₂₃N
Chemical formula (C₆H₁₁)₂NH
Molar Mass 181.32 g/mol
HS Code 2921 30 11
Boiling point 256 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.91 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 0.8 - 4.6 %(V)
Flash point 96 °C
Ignition temperature 240 °C
Melting Point -0.1 °C
pH value 11 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 16 hPa (37.7 °C)
Solubility 1 g/l
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 0.911 - 0.914
Water (K. F.) ≤ 0.30 %
Identity (IR) passes test
Empirical Formula C12H23N
Molecular Wt. 181.32
Sp. Gr. at 20ºC 0.91-0.92
Refractive Index at 20ºC 1.483-1.485
Boiling Point 256°C
Freezing Point -1°C
Solubility in water Sparingly soluble
Flash Point (closed cup) 98-103°C
Appearance (Clarity) Clear
Appearance (Colour) Colourless
Appearance (Form) Liquid
Assay (GC) min. 99%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C 0.910-0.912
Refractive Index (20°C) 1.484-1.485
Water (KF) max. 0.1%
Dicyclohexylamine 99.5429 %
Moisture 0.0200 %
Chromaticity 15 Hz
Aniline 0.0000
Cyclohexylamine 0.0181 %
Cyclohexanol 0.0140 %
Cyclohexane 0.0000 %








SYNONYMS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-, sulfate (1:1)
dicyclohexylamine
dicyclohexylamine hydrochloride
dicyclohexylamine nitrate
dicyclohexylamine nitrite
dicyclohexylamine phosphate (3:1)
dicyclohexylamine sulfate
dicyclohexylamine sulfate (1:1)
dicyclohexylammonium
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
101-83-7
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
DCHA
Dicha
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
Dicyklohexylamin
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
Dicyklohexylamin [Czech]
NSC 3399
CCRIS 6228
HSDB 4018
EINECS 202-980-7
UN2565
UNII-1A93RJW924
BRN 0605923
MLS002174250
CHEBI:34694
AI3-15334
1A93RJW924
NCGC00090955-03
SMR001224510
DCH
DTXSID6025018
NSC-3399
C12H23N
EC 202-980-7
4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID005018
CAS-101-83-7
dicydohexylamine
dicylohexylamine
dicylcohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Cyclohexanamine, N -cyclohexyl-
di-cyclohexylamine
dicyclohexyl-amine
Dicyclohexyl amine
Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP); N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine; Sodium Cyclamate Impurity D
bis-cyclohexylamine
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cy2NH
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamine, 99%
Dicyclohexylamine, 99+%
DSSTox_CID_5018
SCHEMBL500
cid_7582
DSSTox_RID_77630
NCIOpen2_002862
DSSTox_GSID_25018
Oprea1_024913
N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE
MLS002152900
BIDD:ER0258
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ
Ciclohexanamina, N-ciclohexil-
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CHEMBL1451838
BDBM74256
NSC3399
HMS3741I15
STR04129
Tox21_111044
Tox21_201771
Tox21_303097
BBL002970
LS-340
MFCD00011658
NA2565
STK379549
Dicyclohexylamine, analytical standard
AKOS000119059
Tox21_111044_1
UN 2565
NCGC00090955-01
NCGC00090955-02
NCGC00090955-04
NCGC00090955-05
NCGC00090955-06
NCGC00257081-01
NCGC00259320-01
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565] [Corrosive]
Dicyclohexylamine Dodecahydro diphenylamine
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565] [Corrosive]
D0435
FT-0624742
EN300-17273
A11830
AG-617/02036022
Q425368
J-000503
F2190-0312
Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP): N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (SEE ALSO DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE NITRITE 3129-91-7)
InChI=1/C12H23N/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h11-13H,1-10H
AMINODICYCLOHEXANE
BIS(CYCLOHEXYL)AMINE
DCHA
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
DODECAHYDRODIPHENYLAMINE
N,N-DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
N-CYCLOHEXANAMINE
N-CYCLOHEXYLCYCLOHEXANAMIDE
N-CYCLOHEXYLCYCLOHEXANAMINE
PERHYDRODIPHENYLAMINE
101-83-7 [RN]
1A93RJW924
202-980-7 [EINECS]
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl- [ACD/Index Name]
Dicyclohexylamine [Wiki]
HY4025000
MFCD00011658 [MDL number]
N,N-DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine [ACD/IUPAC Name]
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
122-39-4 [RN]
4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
DCH
DCHA
Dicha
Dicyclohexyl-amine
Dicyclohexylamine;Dodecahydro diphenylamine
dicyclohexylammonium
Dicyklohexylamin
Dodecahydro diphenylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
dodecahydrophenylamine
N, N-Dicyclohexylamine
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE
NCGC00090955-03
n-cyclohexanamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
Oprea1_024913
perhydrodiphenylamine
ST5207418
STR04129
UN 2565
UNII-1A93RJW924
WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ



DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA)
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) with CAS No. 101-83-7 is an aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a primary aliphatic amine.


CAS Number: 101-83-7
EC Number: 202-980-7
MDL number: MFCD00011658
Linear Formula: (C6H11)2NH
Chemical formula: C12H23N


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is less dense than water.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a primary aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a natural product found in Hordeum vulgare with data available.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.


As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) may also be prepared by pressure hydrogenation of diphenylamine using a ruthenium catalyst, or by the reaction of cyclohexanone with cyclohexylamine in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst under a hydrogen pressure of about 4 mm Hg.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) with CAS No. 101-83-7 is an aliphatic amine.
Other applications of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) are in e.g dyes (as of dye precursor) or the use as a plasticizer.
Connect Chemicals does have its own REACh registration for Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) so that supplies in Europe are fully compliant.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and a useful precursor to other chemicals.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a characteristic ammonical odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an aliphatic amine.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a primary aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is less dense than water.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is non flammable.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a strongly basic, clear, colorless liquid amine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a characteristic amine odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is readily miscible in common organic solvents, but is only slightly miscible in water.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is inflammable.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), more commonly recognized as DCHA, stands as an exceptional cyclic secondary amine that has evolved to become an essential foundation in a myriad of organic synthesis operations.


Displaying itself as a transparent to yellow liquid, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) permeates an unmistakable amine-based scent.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a clear, colorless liquid that belongs to the amine family of organic compounds.
The Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market has been witnessing significant growth in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue in the future.


The increasing demand for specialty chemicals and the growing pharmaceutical industry are the major drivers for market growth.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)’s diverse range of applications in these industries, including its use as a catalyst, solvent, or raw material, contributes to its market expansion.


Additionally, the rising investment in research and development activities for the development of new drugs and specialty chemicals is anticipated to boost the demand for Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Moreover, the growing focus on sustainable and eco-friendly processes is leading to the replacement of traditional chemicals with Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) due to its low toxicity and environmental impact.


Geographically, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to dominate the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market during the forecasted period.
The region’s rapidly expanding pharmaceutical industry, supported by the presence of key market players and increasing investments in infrastructure development, is driving the demand for Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).


Furthermore, the growing population and urbanization in emerging economies like China and India are also contributing to market growth.
Overall, the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of % during the forecasted period.
Factors such as the increasing demand for specialty chemicals, the growth of the pharmaceutical industry, and the shift towards sustainable practices are expected to propel the market forward.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless to pale yellow transparent oily liquid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a slight smell of ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is slightly soluble in water, Miscible with organic solvents.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) exhibits its usefulness across diverse sectors such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals among others.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)'s salient features owe to the unique properties it bears.
DCHA is a colorless clear liquid with strong alkalinity and harsh amine odor.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is inflammable.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be dissolved in water and organics.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless transparent oily liquid with a faint odor of ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is slightly soluble in water and can be mixed with organic solvents.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a vulcanization accelerator.
In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does function as a corrosion inhibitor.


Here it should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Reagent for preparation of crystalline amino acid derivative salts.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used to develop a new palladium catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromides with boronic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used as extractant in determination of gold(III) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is manufactured by reacting equimolar quantities of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine or cyclohexanone and ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is reportedly used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors, rubber vulcanization accelerators, textiles, and varnishes.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an aliphatic amine.
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a vulcanization accelerator.


In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does function as a corrosion inhibitor.
Here it should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a corrosion inhibitor in lubricants and cutting fluids.


Amines are added to the lubricant and fluid emulsions to act as a pH stabilizer and keep the pH high Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has the benefit that it does not form nitrosamines when being used.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has applications that are similar to those of cyclohexylamine, namely the production of: antioxidants in rubber and plastics, vulcanization accelerators for rubber, corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers, agrochemicals, textile chemicals, and catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams.


As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
One of the main uses is in the rubber industry where the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a vulcanization accelerator.
In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does function as a corrosion inhibitor.


Here it should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) salts of fatty acids and sulfuric acid have soap and detergent properties useful to the printing and textile industries.
Metal complexes of DI-CHA are used as catalysts in the paint, varnish, the ink industries.


Several vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors are solid DI-CHA derivatives.
These compounds are slightly volatile at normal temperatures and are used to protect packaged or stored ferrous metals from atmospheric corrosion.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also used for a number of other purposes: plasticizers, insecticidal formulations; antioxidant in lubricating oils, fuels, and rubber; and as an extractant.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used industrial solvent; corrosion inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used mainly to manufacture corrosion inhibitors, paper and textile additives and vulcanization accelerators.


The numerous other applications of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) include oil additives, plasticizers and dye precursors.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as organic intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, pyroxyline varnish, insecticides, catalysts etc.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used antioxidants in rubber and plastics, vulcanization accelerators for rubber, corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers, textile chemicals, catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams, corrosion inhibitor in lubricants and cutting fluids.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has the benefit that it does not form nitrosamines when being used.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Agricultural Chemicals, Chemical Synthesis, Corrosion Inhibitors, Flame Retardants, Industrial Chemicals, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Polyurethane coatings, Polyurethane foams, Textile Auxiliaries, Accelerators, Antioxidants, Catalysts.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as an intermediate for the production of antioxidants and vulcanization accelerator.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a catalyst for flexible polyurethane foams.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also used in agrochemicals and textile chemicals.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used in organic synthesis, also used as pesticides, acid gas absorbers and steel rust inhibitor.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as natural products, synthetic organic extractants, acid gas absorbents.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a specialty chemical intermediate and has a number of uses in various industries ranging from automotive, oil, petrochemicals and energy to plastics, polymers, and water treatment.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, and other specialty chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is known for its high stability, low volatility, and compatibility with a wide range of substances, making it a preferred choice in various industrial applications.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Preparation of dyes intermediate.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Rubber accelerator, nitro fiber paint.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Nitro fiber paint.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Pesticides, catalysts, preservatives.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Vapor phase inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Fuel antioxidant additives.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used in organic synthesis and as pesticides, acid gas absorbent, steel anti-rust agents etc.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used in synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as organic intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, pyroxyline varnish, insecticides, catalysts etc.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a catalyst for paints, varnishes and inks.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also used to produce corrosion inhibitors, textile and paper additives and vulcanization accelerators.



INDUSTRIAL USES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a widely used chemical intermediate.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used to absorb acidic gases, to preserve rubber latex, to plasticize casein, and to neutralize plant and insect poisons.
Metal complexes of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) are catalysts used in the paint, varnish, and ink industries.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) salts of fatty acids and sulfuric acid have soap and detergent properties used in the printing and textile industries.
One of the most important uses of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is as a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to protect packaged or stored ferrous metals from atmospheric corrosion



FEATURES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
*Purity: Astoundingly high, peaking at 99%
*Stability: Composed to endure with a comprehensive shelf life
*Reactivity: Maintains an inert stance against a variety of laboratory reagents
*Soluble: Dissolves easily in a broad spectrum of organic solvents
*Boiling Point: Structured to support high-temperature reactions



DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA) - MARKET:
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), an aliphatic amine, is a versatile intermediate with an wide range of applications.
The market is mainly driven by the significant applications of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) in various end use industries.

The expanding demands from the Dyes, Rubber Accelerator, Pestcide and Others, are propelling Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) market.
98% Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), one of the segments analysed in this report, is projected to record % CAGR and reach US$ million by the end of the analysis period.
Growth in the 99% Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) segment is estimated at % CAGR for the next seven-year period.

Asia Pacific shows high growth potential for Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) market, driven by demand from China, the second largest economy with some signs of stabilising, the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) market in China is forecast to reach US$ million by 2029, trailing a CAGR of % over the 2023-2029 period, while the U.S. market will reach US$ million by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of % during the same period.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is strongly basic with reactive amine groups which readily form TV-substituted derivatives.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) also forms salts with inorganic and organic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) will also form crystalline hydrates and alcoholates.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a combustible, colorless liquid with a faint amine odor.



SYNTHESIS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), as a mixture with cyclohexylamine, is prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline (phenylamine), with a catalyst of ruthenium and/or palladium.
This method produces mainly cyclohexylamine with little Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Better results have been reported when the catalyst is applied to a support of niobic acid and/or tantalic acid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also obtained by reductive amination of cyclohexanone with ammonia or cyclohexylamine.



METABOLISM OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
The extensive use of cyclamates as artificial sweeteners a number of years ago led to extensive study on the metabolism and carcinogenicity of cyclohexylamine, a metabolic product of cyclamate.
However, there is little such information available concerning Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).

Filov (1968) investigated the metabolism of cyclohexylamine and Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Both amines were readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract.
In addition, they rapidly entered the bloodstream following inhalation and penetrated intact skin.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Several methods are employed for the manufacture of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be manufactured by hydrogenation of equimolar amounts of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine.
Alternatively, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be prepared by vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unreacted aniline, and a high boiling residue comprised of N-phenylcyclohexylamine and Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).



AIR AND WATER RECTIONS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is slightly soluble in water.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) may be sensitive to air.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) reacts with oxidizing agents.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) forms crystalline salts with many N-protected amino acids .
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.



DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA) MARKET ANALYSIS AND LATEST TRENDS:
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH2)6NH.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor and is soluble in organic solvents but immiscible with water.

The Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market is expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period.
The market of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is driven by the increasing demand for corrosion inhibitors in various end-use industries such as oil & gas, petrochemicals, and power generation.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as an effective corrosion inhibitor in these industries to protect metal equipment and structures from deterioration caused by corrosion.

Moreover, the growing demand for rubber accelerators, mainly in the automotive industry, is further fueling the market growth.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an important component in the production of rubber accelerators, which are used to improve the processing and performance characteristics of rubber in various applications, including tires and automotive components.

Furthermore, the rising focus on sustainable development and environmental regulations is driving the demand for bio-based and eco-friendly chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) derived from bio-based sources is gaining popularity in the market due to its lower environmental impact.
This trend is expected to drive the growth of the market during the forecast period.

In conclusion, the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.3% during the forecast period.
The market of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is driven by the increasing demand for corrosion inhibitors, rubber accelerators, and the shift towards bio-based chemicals.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Molecular Weight: 181.32 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 181.183049738 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 181.183049738 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 12Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 116
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 101-83-7
EC index number: 612-066-00-3
EC number: 202-980-7
Hill Formula: C₁₂H₂₃N
Chemical formula: (C₆H₁₁)₂NH
Molar Mass: 181.32 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 30 11
Boiling point: 256 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.91 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 - 4.6 %(V)

Flash point: 96 °C
Ignition temperature: 240 °C
Melting Point: -0.1 °C
pH value: 11 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 16 hPa (37.7 °C)
Solubility: 1 g/l
Chemical formula: C12H23N
Molar mass: 181.323 g·mol−1
Appearance: Pale yellow liquid
Density: 0.912 g/cm3
Melting point: −0.1 °C (31.8 °F; 273.0 K)
Boiling point: 255.8 °C (492.4 °F; 529.0 K)
Solubility in water: 0.8 g/L
Formula: C12H23N

CAS No.: 101-83-7
EC No.: 202-980-7
Empirical Formula: C12H23N
Molecular Wt.: 181.32
Sp. Gr.: at 20ºC 0.91-0.92
Refractive Index at 20ºC: 1.483-1.485
Boiling Point: 256°C
Freezing Point: -1°C
Solubility in water: Sparingly soluble
Flash Point (closed cup): 98-103°C
Vapour Pressures:
Pressure in mm of Hg Temperature in °C
40 148
100 176
300 213
760 256

CBNumber:CB6852609
Molecular Formula:C12H23N
Molecular Weight:181.32
MDL Number:MFCD00011658
MOL File:101-83-7.mol
Melting point: -2 °C
Boiling point: 256 °C
Density: 0.912 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 6 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 12 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.4842(lit.)
Flash point: 205 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: organic solvents: soluble

form: Crystalline Powder
pka: 10.4(at 25℃)
color: White to off-white
Odor: amine odor
PH: 11 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 0.8-4.6%(V)
Water Solubility: 1 g/L (20 ºC)
FreezingPoint: -2℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,3095
BRN: 605923
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.724 at 25℃

Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
CAS DataBase Reference: 101-83-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 1A93RJW924
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-(101-83-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicyclohexylamine (101-83-7)
Melting Point: -2.0°C
Color: White
Density: 0.9100g/mL
Boiling Point: 256.0°C
Flash Point: 103°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99% min. (GC)

Linear Formula: (C6H11)2NH
Refractive Index: 1.4832 to 1.4852
Beilstein: 12,6
Fieser: 01,231
Merck Index: 15,3106
Specific Gravity: 0.91
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 0.8g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: miscible with most common organic solvents
Viscosity: 7.4 mPa.s (20°C)
Formula Weight: 181.32
Percent Purity: 99+%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Dicyclohexylamine



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 120 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
101-83-7
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
DCHA
Dicha
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
Dicyklohexylamin
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
NSC 3399
MLS002174250
CHEBI:34694
1A93RJW924
NCGC00090955-03
SMR001224510
DCH
DTXSID6025018
NSC-3399
Dicyklohexylamin [Czech]
DTXCID005018
CCRIS 6228
HSDB 4018
EINECS 202-980-7
UN2565
CAS-101-83-7
UNII-1A93RJW924
BRN 0605923
AI3-15334
dicydohexylamine
dicylohexylamine
dicylcohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
di-cyclohexylamine
dicyclohexyl-amine
Dicyclohexyl amine
Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP)
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Sodium Cyclamate Impurity D
bis-cyclohexylamine
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cy2NH
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamine, 99%
SCHEMBL500
EC 202-980-7
cid_7582
NCIOpen2_002862
Oprea1_024913
N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE
4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS002152900
BIDD:ER0258
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CHEMBL1451838
BDBM74256
NSC3399
HMS3741I15
STR04129
Tox21_111044
Tox21_201771
Tox21_303097
MFCD00011658
Dicyclohexylamine, analytical standard
AKOS000119059
Tox21_111044_1
UN 2565
NCGC00090955-01
NCGC00090955-02
NCGC00090955-04
NCGC00090955-05
NCGC00090955-06
NCGC00257081-01
NCGC00259320-01
Dicyclohexylamine Dodecahydro diphenylamine
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565]
D0435
FT-0624742
EN300-17273
A11830
AG-617/02036022
Q425368
J-000503
F2190-0312
InChI=1/C12H23N/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h11-13H,1-10H
Dicyclohexylamin
N,N-Dicyclohexylamin
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamin
Dodecahydrodiphenylamin
DCHA
Aminodicyclohexane
Cyclohexanamine
DCHA
N-cyclohexyl-Cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
n,n-dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamin;DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA)
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
(2S,4R)-4-(tert-butoxy)-1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Dicha
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyklohexylamin
DCH
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
Dcha
Dicha
N,N-Diclohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
DCHA
Aminodicyclohexane
di-cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-




DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA)
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a fishy odor, typical for amines.

CAS: 101-83-7
MF: C12H23N
MW: 181.32
EINECS: 202-980-7

Synonyms
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE;DCHA;DODECAHYDRODIPHENYLAMINE;AURORA KA-7610;Dicyclohexylamin;CYCLOHEXANAMINE,N-CYCLOHEXY;DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (SEE 2560);DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE, 99% (SEE 2551);DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE;N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine;101-83-7;Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-;DCHA;Dicha;N,N-Dicyclohexylamine;Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
;Dicyklohexylamin;N,N-Diclohexylamine;N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine;NSC 3399;MLS002174250;CHEBI:34694;1A93RJW924;NCGC00090955-03;SMR001224510;DCH;DTXSID6025018;NSC-3399;Dicyklohexylamin [Czech];DTXCID005018;CCRIS 6228;HSDB 4018;EINECS 202-980-7;UN2565;CAS-101-83-7;UNII-1A93RJW924;BRN 0605923;AI3-15334;dicydohexylamine;dicylohexylamine;dicylcohexylamine;Aminodicyclohexane;di-cyclohexylamine;dicyclohexyl-amine;Dicyclohexyl amine;Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP); N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine; Sodium Cyclamate Impurity D;bis-cyclohexylamine;Bis(cyclohexyl)amine;Cy2NH;Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine;Dicyclohexylamine, 99%;SCHEMBL500;EC 202-980-7;cid_7582;NCIOpen2_002862;Oprea1_024913;N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE;4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);MLS002152900;BIDD:ER0258;DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI];WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ
;DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE[HSDB];CHEMBL1451838;BDBM74256;NSC3399;HMS3741I15;STR04129;Tox21_111044;Tox21_201771;Tox21_303097;MFCD00011658;Dicyclohexylamine, analytical standard;AKOS000119059;Tox21_111044_1
;UN 2565;NCGC00090955-01;NCGC00090955-02;NCGC00090955-04;NCGC00090955-05;NCGC00090955-06;NCGC00257081-01;NCGC00259320-01;Dicyclohexylamine Dodecahydro diphenylamine;Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565] [Corrosive];D0435;NS00011452;EN300-17273;A11830;AG-617/02036022;Q425368;J-000503;F2190-0312;InChI=1/C12H23N/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h11-13H,1-10H

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Less dense than water.
May be toxic by ingestion.
Severely irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA) scavenger that inhibits HIV infection by blocking the reaction solution.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a by-product of the industrial production of solanum tuberosum, and has been shown to inhibit plant enzyme activity.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of enzymes such as phosphodiesterase, lipases, and proteases in detergent compositions.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) also inhibits the activity of a number of enzymes in organic solutions and chemical reactions.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -2 °C
Boiling point: 256 °C
Density: 0.912 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 6 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 12 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4842(lit.)
Fp: 205 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: organic solvents: soluble
Form: Crystalline Powder
pka: 10.4(at 25℃)
Color: White to off-white
Odor: amine odor
PH: 11 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 0.8-4.6%(V)
Water Solubility: 1 g/L (20 ºC)
FreezingPoint: -2℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,3095
BRN: 605923
Stability:: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.724 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 101-83-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)(101-83-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) (101-83-7)

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a combustible, colorlessliquid with a faint amine odor.
Molecular weight=181.36;Boiling point=256℃; Flash point $99℃.
HazardIdentification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health3, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0. Slightly soluble in water.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a combustible, colorless liquid with a faint amine odor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is strongly basic with reactive amine groups which readily form TV-substituted derivatives.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) also forms salts with inorganic and organic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) will also form crystalline hydrates and alcoholates.

Synthesis
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), as a mixture with cyclohexylamine, is prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline (phenylamine), with a catalyst of ruthenium and/or palladium.
This method produces mainly cyclohexylamine with little dicyclohexylamine.
Better results have been reported when the catalyst is applied to a support of niobic acid and/or tantalic acid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also obtained by reductive amination of cyclohexanone with ammonia or cyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) may also be prepared by pressure hydrogenation of diphenylamine using a ruthenium catalyst, or by the reaction of cyclohexanone with cyclohexylamine in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst under a hydrogen pressure of about 4 mm Hg.

Applications
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has applications that are similar to those of cyclohexylamine, namely the production of:

antioxidants in rubber and plastics
vulcanization accelerators for rubber
corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers
agrochemicals
textile chemicals
catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams

Dicyclohexylamine is manufactured by reacting equimolar quantities of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine or cyclohexanone and ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is reportedly used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors, rubber vulcanization accelerators, textiles, and varnishes.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an aliphatic amine.
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a vulcanization accelerator.

In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does function as a corrosion inhibitor.
Here Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Reagent for preparation of crystalline amino acid derivative salts.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used to develop a new palladium catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromides with boronic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used as extractant in determination of gold(III) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

Industrial uses
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a widely used chemical intermediate.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used to absorb acidic gases, to preserve rubber latex, to plasticize casein, and to neutralize plant and insect poisons.
Metal complexes of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) are catalysts used in the paint, varnish, and ink industries.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) salts of fatty acids and sulfuric acid have soap and detergent properties used in the printing and textile industries.
One of the most important uses of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is as a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to protect packaged or stored ferrous metals from atmospheric corrosion.

Production Methods
Several methods are employed for the manufacture of dicyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be manufactured by hydrogenation of equimolar amounts of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine.
Alternatively, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be prepared by vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unreacted aniline, and a high boiling residue comprised of N-phenylcyclohexylamine and Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).

Reactivity Profile
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) reacts with oxidizing agents.
Forms crystalline salts with many N-protected amino acids.
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a strong irritant to skin and mucous membranes.
Direct skin contact with the liquid or vapor should be avoided.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)'s systemic effects in man include nausea and vomiting, anxiety, restlessness and drowsiness.
Individuals repeatedly exposed to this chemical may develop sensitivity to Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Containers may explode when heated.
Runoff may pollute waterways.
Substance may be transported in a molten form.
DICYCYLOHEXYLPEROXYDICARBONATE

Dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate, commonly known as Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H22O8.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is an organic peroxide that contains two peroxy functional groups (-O-O-) in its structure.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is often used as a radical initiator in various polymerization reactions, particularly in the production of thermosetting resins and cross-linked polymer materials.

CAS Number: 27138-31-4
EC Number: 248-795-8



APPLICATIONS


Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is commonly used as a radical initiator in the polymerization of unsaturated monomers, such as styrene and vinyl acetate, in the production of thermosetting plastics.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRP) used in applications ranging from boat hulls to automotive parts.

In the composites industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used to create strong and lightweight composite materials for aerospace and marine structures.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of heat-resistant and impact-resistant plastics used in automotive components, electrical enclosures, and consumer goods.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the production of thermosetting resins, which are essential for making durable laminates and coatings.
The automotive industry utilizes Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate to manufacture high-performance composite components for vehicle interiors and exteriors.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of elastomers and rubber products, improving their mechanical properties and durability.

In the construction sector, it aids in the formulation of weather-resistant coatings and sealants for buildings and infrastructure.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is essential in the creation of durable coatings for industrial equipment, protecting against corrosion and wear.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the development of specialized adhesives used in the bonding of materials in construction and manufacturing.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the creation of advanced composite materials for the aerospace industry, including aircraft components and structural parts.
In the marine industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used to produce composite materials for boat hulls, ensuring strength and durability.

The electrical and electronics sector utilizes Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in the production of insulating materials and cable sheathing.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the manufacture of high-performance sports equipment, including tennis rackets and golf club shafts.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for pipes and pipelines used in the oil and gas industry.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the formulation of coatings for industrial equipment and machinery, enhancing their longevity and performance.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the creation of composite materials for wind turbine blades, ensuring structural integrity and efficiency.

The chemical industry utilizes Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in research and development for the controlled initiation of polymerization reactions.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of adhesives for bonding various materials, including metals, plastics, and composites.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the production of friction materials used in automotive brake pads and clutches.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the manufacturing of gaskets and seals used in industrial and automotive applications.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of coatings for cookware, providing non-stick and heat-resistant properties.
The aerospace industry relies on Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate for the production of composite materials for satellite components and spacecraft.

In the renewable energy sector, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used to create composite materials for solar panels and wind turbine components.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate's versatility and reactivity make it a valuable component in various industries, contributing to the development of high-performance materials and products.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of thermosetting resins for the creation of high-strength, heat-resistant laminates used in the construction of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the formulation of epoxy-based adhesives used in bonding electronic components to PCBs.
In the aerospace industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the manufacturing of composite materials for aircraft interiors, including cabin components and lightweight seats.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the production of sports equipment such as bicycle frames, ensuring strength and durability in lightweight designs.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the development of high-performance, impact-resistant helmets for various sports and activities.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the formulation of high-temperature-resistant coatings for industrial ovens and equipment used in the food processing industry.

The automotive sector utilizes Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in the manufacture of composite engine components and lightweight structural parts.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate aids in the creation of durable coatings for pipelines and tanks used in the chemical and petrochemical industries.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the production of heat-resistant gaskets and seals for use in high-temperature industrial applications.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the formulation of specialty resins for 3D printing, enabling the creation of complex and durable prototypes and parts.
In the medical industry, it plays a role in the development of materials used in dental prosthetics, ensuring biocompatibility and strength.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the production of composite materials for prosthetic limbs, making them lightweight and durable.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of high-strength, lightweight components for the automotive racing industry.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of coatings for industrial rollers used in printing and manufacturing processes.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the production of structural materials for architectural applications, including lightweight panels and cladding.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the development of specialized composites for the construction of racing boats and marine vessels.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the creation of high-performance bicycle wheels, providing strength and reducing weight.
In the electronics industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used to manufacture lightweight and impact-resistant housings for electronic devices.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the production of impact-resistant and durable cases for consumer and industrial tools.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of coatings for chemical storage tanks and containers used in various industries.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the creation of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable automotive body panels.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of aerospace components, including satellite housings and structural parts for spacecraft.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the development of materials used in the fabrication of high-performance sports equipment, including skis and snowboards.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of coatings for industrial rollers used in the paper and packaging industry.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable wind turbine blades for renewable energy applications.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of composite materials for the aerospace industry, including aircraft components, ensuring lightweight and high-strength structures.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the manufacturing of durable, impact-resistant body armor used by military and law enforcement personnel.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of specialized coatings for industrial machinery and equipment, providing corrosion resistance.
In the renewable energy sector, it contributes to the creation of composite materials for solar panel frames, enhancing durability and stability.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the production of lightweight and impact-resistant parts for electric and hybrid vehicles, reducing overall vehicle weight and improving efficiency.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a crucial role in the development of lightweight and durable casings for consumer electronics, protecting sensitive components.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the formulation of high-performance adhesives for bonding materials in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.
In the marine industry, it aids in the creation of composite materials for boat hulls, ensuring strength and longevity.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the production of fire-resistant materials used in the construction of fire doors and safety barriers.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of composite materials for the production of lightweight and durable bicycle frames.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the creation of strong and lightweight components for drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the development of composite materials for the construction of high-performance racing cars and components.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the formulation of impact-resistant and durable coatings for the automotive aftermarket, including custom parts and accessories.
In the oil and gas industry, it aids in the production of corrosion-resistant materials for offshore platforms and pipelines.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable conveyor belts used in material handling.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for architectural glass, providing UV resistance and easy cleaning properties.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of advanced composite materials for prosthetic limbs, ensuring strength and flexibility.
In the packaging industry, it contributes to the creation of lightweight and impact-resistant packaging materials for fragile goods.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the development of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable sports equipment, such as tennis racquets.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for industrial rollers used in the printing and packaging industry.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of strong and lightweight components for the automotive racing industry, including chassis and suspension parts.
In the aviation industry, it contributes to the production of lightweight and durable interior components for aircraft cabins.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the formulation of corrosion-resistant coatings for storage tanks and containers in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the development of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable prosthetic limbs.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the creation of high-performance, impact-resistant helmets for a wide range of sports and activities, ensuring safety and comfort for users.



DESCRIPTION


Dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate, commonly known as Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H22O8.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is an organic peroxide that contains two peroxy functional groups (-O-O-) in its structure.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is often used as a radical initiator in various polymerization reactions, particularly in the production of thermosetting resins and cross-linked polymer materials.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly sensitive to temperature changes and mechanical shock.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate decomposes at elevated temperatures, releasing free radicals that initiate chemical reactions, such as the curing and cross-linking of polymers.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in industries such as plastics, composites, and rubber to facilitate the polymerization of monomers and the formation of strong, heat-resistant materials. It is crucial to handle Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate with care due to its reactivity and potential hazards, following proper safety precautions and guidelines.

Dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate, often abbreviated as Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate, is a chemical compound known for its use as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a white crystalline solid that is highly sensitive to temperature changes and mechanical shock.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate has a molecular formula of C12H22O8, and its structure contains two peroxy functional groups (-O-O-).

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a versatile reagent used in various industrial applications, particularly in the production of cross-linked polymer materials.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is commonly employed in the manufacture of thermosetting resins and elastomers.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a critical role in the curing and cross-linking of polymer matrices, resulting in the formation of strong and heat-resistant materials.
Due to its reactivity, it is essential to store and handle Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate with care and adhere to safety guidelines.
When exposed to elevated temperatures, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate decomposes to generate free radicals that initiate chemical reactions.

These free radicals are instrumental in the polymerization process, leading to the formation of three-dimensional polymer networks.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in industries such as plastics, composites, and rubber for enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of materials.

In the plastics industry, it aids in the production of heat-resistant and impact-resistant plastics.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is also employed in the formulation of composite materials, which find applications in aerospace, automotive, and construction.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the development of durable and weather-resistant coatings used in various industries.
In the rubber industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate helps create vulcanized rubber with improved strength and elasticity.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a valuable tool in the manufacturing of molded and extruded rubber products.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is subject to strict regulations and safety guidelines due to its potential hazards, including flammability and sensitivity to shock.

When handling Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate, appropriate personal protective equipment, such as safety goggles and chemical-resistant gloves, is recommended.
Storage of Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate should be in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

Containers holding Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate should be tightly sealed to prevent contamination and moisture ingress.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is crucial to label containers and storage areas with hazard warnings and safety information.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is also utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, enhancing their adhesive properties.
In the electrical and electronics industry, it contributes to the production of insulating materials and cable sheathing.
The chemical reactivity of Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate makes it a valuable asset in research and development for initiating controlled polymerization reactions.

Overall, Dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate is a versatile chemical compound with a broad range of applications across various industries, improving the properties of materials and enhancing their performance.
Its role as a radical initiator is instrumental in the creation of durable and high-performance polymer products used in everyday life and advanced technologies.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C12H22O8
Molecular Weight: Approximately 310.3 g/mol
Appearance: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Odor: It generally has a mild odor.
Solubility: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in various organic solvents, such as acetone, ether, and alcohols.
Melting Point: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate has a melting point typically around 98-100°C (208-212°F).
Boiling Point: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate decomposes before reaching a specific boiling point.
Density: The density of Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate can vary with different grades but is typically around 1.19 g/cm³.
Reactivity: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is highly sensitive to temperature changes and mechanical shock, making it a hazardous chemical.
Decomposition: At elevated temperatures, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate decomposes, releasing free radicals that initiate chemical reactions.



FIRST AID


Inhalation (Breathing in Vapors or Dust):

Remove to Fresh Air:
If a person inhales Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate vapors or dust, immediately move them to an area with fresh air.
Ensure the person can breathe comfortably.

Seek Medical Attention:
If the person experiences difficulty breathing, coughing, or other respiratory symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate comes into contact with the skin, remove contaminated clothing promptly.

Wash Skin:
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of mild soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Seek Medical Attention:
If skin irritation, redness, or burns develop, or if a large area is affected, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
If Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing.

Seek Medical Attention:
If eye irritation or discomfort persists after flushing, or if there are signs of injury or damage, seek immediate medical attention.

Ingestion (Swallowing):

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting if Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is ingested.
It is essential to seek immediate medical attention.

Rinse Mouth:
If Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is swallowed, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Seek Medical Attention:
In case of ingestion, it is crucial to seek prompt medical attention, as Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate ingestion can lead to serious health effects.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personnel Training:
Only trained and qualified personnel should handle Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate.
Provide employees with proper training on the safe handling, storage, and disposal of the chemical.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, a lab coat or coveralls, and chemical-resistant footwear, when handling Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate.

Avoid Direct Contact: Avoid any direct skin contact with Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate.
In case of skin contact, follow the recommended first aid procedures and remove contaminated clothing promptly.

Respiratory Protection:
When working with Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in areas with inadequate ventilation, wear a NIOSH-approved respirator with appropriate filters or cartridges to prevent inhalation of vapors or dust.

Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation systems to capture and remove vapors or dust at the source to minimize exposure.

No Smoking or Open Flames:
Prohibit smoking, open flames, and sparks in areas where Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is handled or stored, as it is flammable.

Avoid Mechanical Shock:
Handle Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate containers and packages with care to avoid mechanical shock or impact, as it is sensitive to such disturbances.

Use Non-Sparking Tools:
When opening or handling containers, use non-sparking tools to reduce the risk of sparks and ignition.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label containers and storage areas with hazard warnings, safety information, and proper identification of Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that emergency eyewash stations, safety showers, and fire extinguishing equipment are readily available in areas where Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is handled.


Storage:

Cool, Dry Location:
Store Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ignition sources.

Temperature Control:
Keep the storage area at a temperature below the recommended maximum storage temperature specified in the safety data sheet (SDS).

Sealed Containers:
Keep Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate containers tightly sealed to prevent contamination and moisture ingress.
Replace damaged or leaking containers immediately.

Incompatible Materials:
Store Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate away from incompatible materials such as reducing agents, strong acids, and strong bases.

Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment measures, such as chemical spill trays or pallets, to contain any potential spills or leaks.

Labeling:
Ensure that all containers are labeled with the correct product name, hazard warnings, and safety information.

Segregation:
Segregate Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate from other hazardous materials to prevent incompatible chemical reactions.



SYNONYMS


DicycylohexylperoxydicarbonateC
Peroxydicarbonic acid, dicyclohexyl ester
Peroxycarbonate of dicyclohexyl
Bis(cyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate
Cyclohexyl peroxycarbonate
Dibenzoyl peroxide (incorrect, but sometimes used interchangeably)
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate dioxane solution
1,1'-Oxybis(cyclohexaneperoxycarbonyl) peroxide
Dicyclohexyl dicarbonate peroxide
Bis(1-cyclohexylperoxycarbonyl) peroxide
Dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate
1,1'-Dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate
DCBEC
DCP peroxide
Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid peroxide
DCP ester
Peroxydicarbonate of dicyclohexyl
Dibenzoyl peroxide dicyclohexyl ester (not to be confused with dibenzoyl peroxide)
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 99%
Bis(cyclohexanecarbonyl) peroxide
Bis(peroxycyclohexyl) carbonate
DCP dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate
DCHP
Bis(cyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate)
DCP-40
Peroxidicarbonic acid, dicyclohexyl ester
Bis(cyclohexyl)dicarbonate peroxide
Dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate 99%
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 98%
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate peroxide
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 50% solution in dioctyl phthalate
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 75% solution in dioctyl phthalate
Peroxocarbonate of dicyclohexyl
Dicyclohexylperoxycarbonate
Peroxydicarboxylic acid, dicyclohexyl ester
Bis(1-cyclohexylperoxycarbonyloxy)ethylene
Bis(cyclohexylperoxycarbonyloxy)ethylene
Bis(cyclohexylperoxydicarbonyl) peroxide
Bis(cyclohexylperoxydicarbonic acid) peroxide
Cyclohexyl peroxydicarbonic acid
Bis(1-cyclohexylperoxycarbonyloxy)ethylene peroxide
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in dimethyl phthalate
Dicyclohexyl diperphthalate
Dicyclohexyl peroxymonocarbonate
Peroxocarbonate of dicyclohexyl in dioctyl phthalate
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 50% solution in dimethyl phthalate
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 75% solution in dimethyl phthalate
Bis(1-cyclohexylperoxycarbonyl)ethylene
Peroxydicarbonate of bis(cyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in 2-ethylhexyl phthalate