Textile, Leather, Paper and Industrial Chemicals

CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE)
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

CAS: 541-02-6
MF: C10H30O5Si5
MW: 370.77
EINECS: 208-764-9

Synonyms
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane;CD3770;cyclicdimethylsiloxanepentamer;Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-;D3770;Decamethylcylopentasiloxane;siliconsf1202;unioncarbide7158siliconefluid;DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE;541-02-6;Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-;Cyclomethicone 5;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane;CYCLOPENTASILOXANE;Dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan;Dow corning 345;NUC silicone VS 7158;Silicon SF 1202;Ciclopentasiloxane;Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Cyclomethicone D5;D5-sil;KF 995;CCRIS 1328;VS 7158;HSDB 5683;UNII-0THT5PCI0R;0THT5PCI0R;EINECS 208-764-9;SF 1202;BRN 1800166;DTXSID1027184;JEESILC CPS-211;XIAMETER PMX-0245;DTXCID907184;CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5);D5;EC 208-764-9;4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);KF-995;DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5;OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5);KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane;Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-;CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS);CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS];MFCD00046966;Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech];Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane;decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane;C10H30O5Si5;Lightening Serum;D5 Cyclomethicone;dimethylcyclopentasiloxane;Decamethylcylopentasiloxane;UNII: 0THT5PCI0R;SCHEMBL28497;N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane;CHEMBL1885178;CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI];3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA;CHEBI:191092;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%;XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N;CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD];BCP15826;Tox21_303170;CD377;AKOS008901199;CS-W009767;DB11244;DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI];NCGC00163981-01;NCGC00257224-01;AS-59731;CAS-541-02-6;DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB];D1890;D3770;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer);FT-0665531;D78203;S05475;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard;Q414350;decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane;Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #;D5 Cyclomethicone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone), also known as D5 with CAS Number 541-02-6, is a top-notch raw material often incorporated into complex pharmaceutical applications.
This high-purity product continually exhibits consistent results, making Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) an essential component in the pharmaceutical sector.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone), also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.

Because of its many enriching properties, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a common ingredient used in a variety of hair and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) helps the products spread more evenly and dry quickly, thus providing all the benefits without weighing the skin or hair down.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also gives cosmetic products a silky texture.

Skin care: The hydrating properties of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) are great for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but rather evaporates quickly.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) skin care has anti-aging properties and is a great ingredient to be used in lotions

Hair care: Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a great conditioner for hair because of its lubricating properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair detangling products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly

Cosmetic products: Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in makeup and makeup removers because it is non-comedogenic and does not block pores

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone)’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also means you don’t have to worry about cyclopentasiloxane “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Fp: 162 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.959
Color: Colorless
Explosive limit: 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) (541-02-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) (541-02-6)

Uses
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristics.

Production and polymerization
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) can be removed by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer.
D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE)
DESCRIPTION:
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) , also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.

CAS Number, 541-02-6
EC Number, 208-764-9

SYNONYMS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Cyclopentamethicone,Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer,D5,D5,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone pentamer 245, Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-;Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl-;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Union Carbide 7158 Silicone Fluid;Dow Corning 345;NUC Silicone VS 7158;Dow Corning 345 Fluid;Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer;SF 1202;Silicone SF 1202;VS 7158;KF 995;Dow Corning 245;DC 245;Silbione V 5;Volasil 245;DC 345;TSF 465;LS 9000;Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane;Execol D 5;TSF 405;Pentacyclomethicone;SH 245;SH 245 (siloxane);TFS 405;Silbione 70045V5;Mirasil CM 5;Dow Corning 345EU;DC 2-5252C;Dow Corning 2-5252C;DC 345 Fluid;Dow Corning 245 Fluid;Silicon Plus α;Botanisil CP 33;Cyclopentasiloxane;Cyclopentadimethylsiloxane;D5;Volatile Silicone Fluid 345;Cyclomethicone pentamer 245;Xiameter PMX;Xiameter PMX 0245;Tego Polish Additive 5;SH 245 Fluid;Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane;KF 7312T;TSF 405A;KF 955;D 5 (siloxane);Siloxane D 5;PMX 345;D 5




Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in personal care products including skin creams, cosmetics, shampoos, deodorants and conditioners.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is also used in various applications such as industrial cleaning fluids and dry cleaning solvents.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) (cyclosiloxanes) are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials and are used as building blocks for the production of a diverse array of silicone polymers.
A common denominator for cyclosiloxanes is that they contain repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a “cyclic” structure.

This also gives them their unique properties as hybrid inorganic-organic substances.
D4, D5, D6 contain 4, 5 and 6 repeating units respectively.
They are the three main cyclosiloxanes in commercial production and several decades of research have proven that they are safe for human health and the environment.

Basic members of the broad family of silicone materials, all cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are volatile oils with a cyclic chemical structure and various properties.
They are widely used because of the smooth and refreshing feeling they create


ORIGIN OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone), a synthetic substance, is made up of silicone and oxygen.
Sometimes, elements like hydrogen and carbon are also used.
They are all natural substances, but Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) undergoes chemical processing before it is used in cosmetic and skincare products.



APPLICATIONS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as A greener solvent in synthetic chemistry applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as A monomeric unit for polymerization by various base catalysts to obtain polysiloxane polymer.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclopentasiloxane) is a colorless, odorless, volatile liquid cyclic siloxane, safe and environmentally friendly, and has been widely used in health and In beauty products such as deodorants, antiperspirants, cosmetics, shampoos, body lotions, etc., they have good compatibility with alcohol and most other cosmetic solvents.


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane, mainly composed of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is clear, tasteless, basically odorless, and non-greasy.
performance:

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as Volatile silicone oil.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) Gives skin a soft and silky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) has Good spreadability.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is Refreshing and non-greasy.

The base oil component of personal care products has good spreadability, easy application, lubrication and unique volatility.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as Antiperspirant, deodorant, hair spray, facial cleanser, skin cream, lotion and other care products.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as Shower oil, tanning agent, shaving products, cosmetics, nail polish.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) can also be used as an additive for powder cosmetics, perfumes, Caron perfumes and shaving creams.

When used in strip products, the product has suitable spreadability and volatility.


USES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants. D5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.

Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.

It was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristics.


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is an odourless, colourless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production of silicone rubbers, gels and resins.
When used as an intermediate during the manufacturing process, virtually all D4 is consumed with only a tiny amount remaining in final products.


Because of its many enriching properties, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) silicone is a common ingredient used in a variety of hair and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) helps the products spread more evenly and dry quickly, thus providing all the benefits without weighing the skin or hair down.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also gives cosmetic products a silky texture.

Skin care: The hydrating properties of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) are great for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but rather evaporates quickly.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) skin care has anti-aging properties and is a great ingredient to be used in lotions

Hair care:
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a great conditioner for hair because of its lubricating properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair detangling products.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly
Cosmetic products:
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in makeup and makeup removers because it is non-comedogenic and does not block pores




PRODUCTION AND POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Commercially D5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.

In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:
[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer. D4 and D5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH


ADVANTAGES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :

1. Hair care: Reduce drying time, removes sticky sense, and comb in wet.
2.Skin care: No irritation, no clogging, easier smearing, reduces oily sensation, rapid absorption, pigmentation, smoothness feeling, smooth feeling/softening.
3. General Characteristics: less odor.
4. Antiperspirant/deodorant: reduce sticky sense, drying feeling in use, no stains left on the surface of clothing, and increase slip performance.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) ::
Chemical formula, [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass, 370.770 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colourless liquid
Density, 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point, −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point, 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water, 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C) [2]
log P, 8.07[3]
Vapor pressure, 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C) [4]
Viscosity, 3.74 cP
Quality Level
100
Assay
97%
form
liquid
refractive index
n20/D 1.396 (lit.)
bp
90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density
0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1
InChI
1S/C10H30O5Si5/c1-16(2)11-17(3,4)13-19(7,8)15-20(9,10)14-18(5,6)12-16/h1-10H3
InChI key
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Physical state liquid
Colour various
Odour characteristic

Other safety parameters :
pH (value) not determined
Melting point/freezing point -38 °C at 101.3 kPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range 210 °C at 101.3 kPa
Flash point 82.7 °C at 101.3 kPa
Vapour pressure 33.2 Pa at 25 °C
Partition coefficient - n-octanol/water (log KOW) 8.023 (25.3 °C) (ECHA) -
Soil organic carbon/water (log KOC) 5.17 (ECHA)
Auto-ignition temperature 645.2 K at 101.3 kPa (ECHA)
Viscosity
Kinematic viscosity 3.7 mm²/s at 25 °C
Dynamic viscosity 3.5 mPa s at 25 °C
grade
certified reference material
pharmaceutical secondary standard

Quality Level
300
Agency
traceable to USP 1154809
API family
cyclomethicone
CofA
current certificate can be downloaded
packaging
pkg of 500 mg
technique(s)
HPLC: suitable
gas chromatography (GC): suitable

refractive index
n20/D 1.396 (lit.)
bp
90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density
0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
application(s)
pharmaceutical (small molecule)
format
neat
storage temp.
2-30°C
SMILES string
C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1
InChI
1S/C10H30O5Si5/c1-16(2)11-17(3,4)13-19(7,8)15-20(9,10)14-18(5,6)12-16/h1-10H3
InChI key
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Appearance, Transparent and colorless liquid
Viscosity, cSt, 25℃, 2 - 6
Specific gravity, 25℃, 0.940 - 0.960
Refractive index, 25℃, 1.3850 -1.4050
Purity, %, More than 99
Appearance, Colorless transparent liquid
Chroma, Hazen, <20
Turbidity,NTU, <4
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s, 3.9
Density, 25 ℃, 0.95
Heavy metal content (Pb indicate), <5
Mineral oil content, mg / kg, <0.1
Surface tension, 25 ℃, mN / m,, 18.3
Odor, slight odor odorless
Flash point (closed cup), ℃, 80
Boiling point, 101.3kpa, ° C, 210
Crystallization point, ℃, about, -40
The vapor pressure, 20 ℃, KPa, 0.025
Evaporation Rate (g/ min), NF30 -302, at 80℃, 0. 075
Volatile Time (sec), DIN 5 3 -, 170, at 23℃ 8400
Refractive index, 2 5 ℃, about, 1. 395
Octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D 4) content,%, Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane (D5) content,%, ≥97
Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane (D5) + twelve methylcyclohexyl six siloxane (D6) content,%, ≥99.7
Acid value (NaOH 0.01N / 2g, ml), <0.15
Soluble, ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol
Not dissolve, water and glycol
Product Name:
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Other Name:
Cyclopentasiloxane,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-;Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl-;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Union Carbide 7158 Silicone Fluid;Dow Corning 345;NUC Silicone VS 7158;Dow Corning 345 Fluid;Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer;SF 1202;Silicone SF 1202;VS 7158;KF 995;Dow Corning 245;DC 245;Silbione V 5;Volasil 245;DC 345;TSF 465;LS 9000;Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane;Execol D 5;TSF 405;Pentacyclomethicone;SH 245;SH 245 (siloxane);TFS 405;Silbione 70045V5;Mirasil CM 5;Dow Corning 345EU;DC 2-5252C;Dow Corning 2-5252C;DC 345 Fluid;Dow Corning 245 Fluid;Silicon Plus α;Botanisil CP 33;Cyclopentasiloxane;Cyclopentadimethylsiloxane;D5;Volatile Silicone Fluid 345;Cyclomethicone pentamer 245;Xiameter PMX;Xiameter PMX 0245;Tego Polish Additive 5;SH 245 Fluid;Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane;KF 7312T;TSF 405A;KF 955;D 5 (siloxane);Siloxane D 5;PMX 345;D 5
CAS No.:
541-02-6
Molecular Formula:
C10H30O5Si5
InChIKeys:
InChIKey=XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
370.77000
Exact Mass:
370.77
EC Number:
208-764-9
PSA:
46.15000
XLogP3:
8.03 (LogP)
Appearance:
Liquid
Density:
0.9593 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point:
-38 °C
Boiling Point:
210 °C
Flash Point:
162 °F
Refractive Index:
1.396
Water Solubility:
In water, 1.7X10-2 mg/L at 25 deg C
Storage Conditions:
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Combustible liquids.
Vapor Pressure:
30.002 mmHg @ -6.6°C
Toxicity:
LD50 oral in rat: > 24134mg/kg
Molecular Weight:370.77
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:5
Exact Mass:370.09395673
Monoisotopic Mass:370.09395673
Topological Polar Surface Area:46.2
Heavy Atom Count:20
Complexity:258
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5), often abbreviated as D5, is a type of cyclic silicone compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a clear, odorless liquid with a viscosity similar to water.
It's commonly used in various personal care products, cosmetics, and skincare formulations due to its unique properties.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9

DecamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), Pentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone, Siloxane, Cyclopentasilane, D5, DecamethylpentaCyclopentasiloxane (D5), PentamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), Cyclopolysiloxane, Cyclotetrasiloxane, DecamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), Cyclopolymethylsiloxane, DecamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), D5 Siloxane, Cyclotetrasiloxane, Pentamer, PentamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), Cyclomethylsiloxane, Siloxanes and Silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5)s, Pentamer 8010, Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, Cyclomethylpentasiloxane, Cyclomethyl pentasiloxane, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3,3,5,5,5-hexamethyl-1,3-dioxan, 1,3,3,5,5,5-hexamethyl-1,3-dioxane



APPLICATIONS


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is widely used in skincare products such as moisturizers and lotions.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) serves as a key ingredient in anti-aging creams, providing a smooth and silky texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is commonly found in sunscreen formulations, where it helps to improve spreadability and water resistance.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in makeup primers to create a soft and even base for foundation application.
In foundation formulations, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) enhances blendability and provides a lightweight feel.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is often included in BB creams and CC creams for its skin-smoothing properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a staple in facial serums, delivering active ingredients deep into the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) contributes to the luxurious texture of body creams and butters, leaving the skin feeling soft and moisturized.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to deodorants and antiperspirants for its quick-drying and non-greasy attributes.
In hair care products such as conditioners and leave-in treatments, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) enhances detangling and adds shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in heat protectant sprays and serums to shield the hair from styling damage.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is incorporated into hair styling products like mousses and gels to provide hold and manageability.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in shaving creams and gels to improve glide and reduce irritation.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in lip balms and lipsticks to create a smooth and glossy texture.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to eye creams and gels to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is found in acne treatments for its ability to deliver active ingredients without clogging pores.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in scar creams and gels to soften and smooth the skin's texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is employed in nail care products such as cuticle oils and strengtheners for its conditioning properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) serves as a carrier for fragrances in perfumes and colognes, enhancing their longevity on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to bath oils and salts to create a luxurious and moisturizing bathing experience.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in self-tanning lotions and sprays to improve spreadability and absorption.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in massage oils and creams for its silky-smooth texture and ease of application.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in foot creams and balms to soften rough and calloused skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to stretch mark creams and oils to improve skin elasticity and texture.
This versatile chemical finds applications across a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, contributing to their effectiveness and sensory appeal.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in sunless tanning products to improve the evenness of application and to help the product dry quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is incorporated into facial masks to enhance their spreadability and to provide a smooth, comfortable application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to makeup setting sprays to help the product adhere to the skin and prolong the wear of makeup.
In eye makeup removers, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps dissolve and remove stubborn waterproof mascara and eyeliner without leaving an oily residue.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in lip glosses and lip stains to provide a glossy, non-sticky finish.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in hand creams and lotions to soften and hydrate dry, rough skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to body scrubs and exfoliants to improve their texture and spreadability.
In body washes and shower gels, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps create a rich, foaming lather.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in intimate lubricants to provide a smooth, frictionless experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is incorporated into foot sprays and powders to help absorb excess moisture and prevent foot odor.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to facial cleansers and makeup removers to help dissolve makeup and impurities without stripping the skin of its natural oils.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in hair masks and deep conditioning treatments to help seal in moisture and improve the overall health of the hair.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in dry shampoo formulations to help absorb excess oil and refresh the hair between washes.
In cuticle creams and oils, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps soften and moisturize the cuticles for healthier-looking nails.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in hand sanitizers to provide a smooth, gel-like texture that spreads easily over the hands.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to anti-frizz serums and creams to help tame flyaways and smooth the hair's surface.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is incorporated into aftershave balms and lotions to soothe and hydrate the skin after shaving.

In massage candles and oils, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps create a luxurious, glideable texture for a relaxing massage experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in hair colorants to help distribute the color evenly and to improve the overall texture of the product.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to facial primers to help smooth the skin's surface and create a flawless base for makeup application.
In makeup remover wipes, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps dissolve and lift away makeup without the need for harsh rubbing.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in hand sanitizing wipes to provide a non-sticky, refreshing experience.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in fragrance diffusers to help disperse the scent evenly throughout the room.
In foot scrubs and exfoliants, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps improve the texture of the product and provides a smooth application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) finds applications in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, contributing to their efficacy, texture, and overall sensory experience.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5), often abbreviated as D5, is a type of cyclic silicone compound.
It's a clear, odorless liquid with a viscosity similar to water.
It's commonly used in various personal care products, cosmetics, and skincare formulations due to its unique properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a clear, colorless liquid with a subtle, nearly odorless scent.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) possesses a remarkably smooth texture, resembling that of water.

When applied to the skin, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) imparts a luxurious, silky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) exhibits excellent spreading properties, effortlessly covering the skin's surface.
Despite its lightweight consistency, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) provides effective moisturization.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) dries quickly upon application, leaving behind a velvety, non-greasy finish.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) enhances the texture of skincare products, ensuring easy absorption.
Its volatility makes it ideal for use in quick-drying formulations, such as antiperspirants.

As a key ingredient in cosmetics, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) contributes to long-lasting wear.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) imparts a soft-focus effect, blurring imperfections and creating a smooth canvas.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) exhibits water-resistant properties, making it suitable for waterproof formulations.
When incorporated into hair care products, it provides heat protection and enhances shine.

The stability of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) allows it to withstand high temperatures without degradation.
It functions as an effective carrier for active ingredients, facilitating their delivery to the skin.

Due to its low viscosity, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) spreads evenly and easily across the skin's surface.
This versatile chemical is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) contributes to the lightweight feel of skincare formulations, promoting comfort.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) imparts a soft, satiny finish to cosmetic products, enhancing their appeal.
Its film-forming properties create a protective barrier on the skin, locking in moisture.

When used in hair styling products, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) reduces frizz and improves manageability.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) enhances the spreadability of formulations, ensuring effortless application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) contributes to the sensory experience of cosmetics, providing a luxurious feel.

Its non-comedogenic nature makes it suitable for use in skincare products for all skin types.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a versatile ingredient prized for its texture-enhancing and moisturizing properties in cosmetics and personal care products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C5H15OSi5
Molecular Weight: Approximately 370.91 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Nearly odorless
Density: 0.95 g/cm³
Melting Point: -48°C (-54°F)
Boiling Point: 210°C (410°F)
Flash Point: 93°C (199°F) closed cup
Vapor Pressure: 1.3 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone
pH: Neutral
Viscosity: Low viscosity, similar to water
Surface Tension: Low surface tension, facilitating easy spreading
Volatility: High volatility, evaporates quickly upon application



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical advice.
Wash contaminated clothing and shoes thoroughly before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes thoroughly with water, keeping eyelids open, for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, pain, or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water and drink plenty of water to dilute the chemical.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide information on the ingested substance.


General Advice:

Keep affected person calm and reassure them.
Do not administer any medications unless directed by medical personnel.
If seeking medical attention, provide the SDS (Safety Data Sheet) or product label information to healthcare providers.
If treating someone who has been exposed to a large quantity of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5), follow standard first aid protocols and consult with a poison control center or medical professional for further guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

General Handling:
Handle Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) with care to avoid spills and splashes.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety glasses when handling.
Avoid inhalation of vapors or mists. Use in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In case of a small spill, absorb the material with an inert absorbent material such as sand or vermiculite.
Dispose of the absorbed material in accordance with local regulations.
For large spills or leaks, contain the spill to prevent further spread and notify appropriate authorities for cleanup and disposal.

Storage:
Store Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.
Store away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Do not store near open flames, sparks, or other sources of ignition.
Ensure proper labeling of containers with product name, hazard warnings, and handling instructions.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin and eyes.
Use appropriate engineering controls such as splash guards or safety shields when transferring or dispensing Cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
Use caution when handling heated material to prevent burns or thermal injury.
Avoid exposure to incompatible materials or conditions that may result in hazardous reactions.

Transportation:
Follow all applicable regulations and guidelines for the transportation of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
Ensure containers are properly labeled, sealed, and secured to prevent leaks or spills during transportation.
Use suitable containers and packaging materials that are compatible with the chemical and designed for transportation purposes.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize yourself and other personnel with emergency procedures in case of accidental exposure, spill, or release.
Have appropriate spill control measures, personal protective equipment, and emergency contact information readily available.
In case of emergency, follow established procedures and notify relevant authorities for assistance.


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE D5/ CYCLOMETHICONE 5
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77
EINECS Number: 208-764-9

DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-9, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), FT-0665531, NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.

These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t suffocate skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic
characteristic

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and a pollutant through accumulation and persistence in the environment.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly away from it.

This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 to spread more easily.

As if the name "Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5" wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
This property contributes to a smooth and lightweight feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 enhances the spreadability of cosmetic products and provides a silky, non-greasy texture.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 helps in the even distribution of other ingredients in formulations.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 acts as an emollient, imparting a soft and smooth texture to the skin or hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 can improve the appearance of cosmetic formulations, giving them a luxurious and aesthetically pleasing feel.

In hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 can contribute to improved manageability, shine, and detangling.
Found in various skincare products like creams and lotions, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 helps in providing a smooth application, and its volatility ensures a non-greasy finish.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Featured Industries: Pharmaceutical (small molecule)
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, is a type of silicone commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 belongs to the class of cyclic siloxanes, specifically a pentamer of the chemical formula (CH3)2SiO.
The "D5" designation refers to its cyclic structure and is often used in product ingredient lists.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is described by Robinson as a silicon-based compound, and it's part of a larger category called cyclomethicone.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates quickly when applied to the skin or hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.

Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Flash point: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.959
explosive limit 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 consists of fully methylated cyclic dimethylpolysiloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), although the exact composition varies.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is practically insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohols and other solvents .
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.

Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates easily, even from cosmetics, without cooling or causing any discomfort. D 4 is classified as a hazardous substance due to suspected reproductive toxic effects .
D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 are difficult to degrade and accumulate in living organisms (bioaccumulating).
With D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, there is a risk that they will find their way into the human organism through inhalation as a volatile substance from cosmetics.

A layer of D 4 on the skin evaporates within 30 minutes at 25 °C and in 10 minutes at 37 °C.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5was introduced into cosmetics in 1978.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and environmental pollutant because it accumulates in the environment and is persistent.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5s, are inert synthetic polymers consisting of repeated units of silicon (Si) atoms, oxygen atoms (O), and R organic substituent (R2SiO), occurring in linear or cyclic forms.

Based on their polymer length, particle size, and molecular weights, siloxanes can be categorised into different groups: fluids, elastomers and resins.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.

Also known as Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, thankfully, it’s often referred to as simply, D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS# 541‐02‐6).

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non‐greasy and non‐stinging.
Due to their varying rates of evaporation, low surface tensions (high spreadability), and non‐greasy feel, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5s are used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
Cosmetic applications include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 Fluids are California VOC Exempt and will not contribute to ozone‐ depletion and global warming.
They are being uses as replacements for Non‐VOC compliant petroleum‐bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents where low to medium solvency power is desireable.

Both Cyclo‐2244 and Cyclo‐2245 have comparable evaporation rates to naptha solvents, odorless mineral spirits (OMS) as well as some of the isoparaffinic solvents.
They are compatible with most substates, including metals and plastics.

Uses:
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 are also known to repel water and glide easily.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of polymers and plastics to improve processing and molding properties.

Included in certain paint and coating formulations for its ability to enhance the texture and application of the product.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in some electronic and electrical insulation materials for its dielectric properties.
Applied as a release agent in molding processes to facilitate the easy removal of molded products.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.

10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Found in moisturizers, creams, and lotions to provide a smooth and silky texture.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in anti-aging products to improve the spreadability and application of active ingredients.
Included in shampoos and conditioners to enhance manageability, detangling, and shine.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in styling products such as serums and hair sprays for a lightweight, non-greasy finish.

Found in various cosmetics, including foundations, primers, and concealers, to improve texture and blendability.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in lip products for a smooth application.
Included in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product and provide a pleasant feel on the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in formulations to improve the texture and application of deodorant products.
Found in certain pharmaceutical formulations and medical creams for its emollient properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in various industrial applications where a silicone with specific properties is required.

May be found in certain household products for its lubricating and water-repelling characteristics.
Applied in textile finishing processes to enhance fabric softness and improve the feel of textiles.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain personal lubricants for its smooth and non-sticky properties.

Included in certain automotive and metal polishes to improve the application and shine.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 can help detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Employed as an antifoaming agent in various industrial processes where foam formation needs to be controlled.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain adhesive and sealant formulations to improve spreading and application properties.
Included in leather care products such as polishes and conditioners for its conditioning and shining properties.

Found in certain household and cleaning products to enhance the formulation's spreadability and texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain automotive care products like dashboard polishes and interior cleaners for its smoothing and conditioning effects.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.

A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Safety Profile:
The environmental impacts of Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
However, in the European Union, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.

Since 31 January 2020, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in wash-off cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane D5 does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, "the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant."

Cyclopropylamine
Cyclopropanamine; Aminocyclopropane; Ciclopropilamina; AMINOCYCLOPROPANE; AMINOTRIMETHYLENE; AURORA KA-2551; CYCLOPROPYLAMINE; Cyclopropanamine; Cyloprolylamine; Cyclopropyl amine(CPA); Cydopropylamine; Cyclopropylamine,98%; Cylopropylamine; Cyclopropylamine 98%; CYCLOPROPYLAMINE W/O STABILIZING AGENT; CYCLOPROPYLAMINE W/STABILIZING AGENT; Cyclopropylamine ,99%; 1-Cyclopropanamine CAS NO:765-30-0
CYCLOTETRASILOXANE
CYCLOTRISILOXANE, N° CAS : 541-05-9, Nom INCI : CYCLOTRISILOXANE, Nom chimique : Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-765-4, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
CYCLOTRISILOXANE
Cyclohexylammonium benzoate; N-Cyclohexylammonium benzoate; Benzoic acid, compd. with cyclohexanamine (1:1); Benzoic acid, compd. with cyclohexylamine (1:1) CAS NO:3129-92-8
CYSTEAMINE HCL
CYSTEIC ACID, N° CAS : 498-40-8 / 13100-82-8, Nom INCI : CYSTEIC ACID, Nom chimique : L-3-Sulfoalanine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 207-861-3. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
CYSTEATE
Cysteate is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteate, also known as Cysteic acid or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
Cysteate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

CAS Number: 498-40-8
EC Number: 207-861-3
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15

Cysteic Acid, 3-Sulfoalanine, DL-CYSTEIC ACID, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 13100-82-8, cysteate, beta-Sulfoalanine, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, 3024-83-7, Cysteinic acid, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, Cysteric acid, A3OGP4C37W, CHEBI:21260, Cysteinesulfonate, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoate, L-Cysteate, UNII-A3OGP4C37W, cysteinsaure, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysterate, NSC 254030, NSC-254030, L-Cysteic acid, 8, 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, CYSTEIC ACID [MI], CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CHEMPACIFIC41266, SCHEMBL44030,m2-amino-3-sulfopro-panoic acid, CHEMBL1171434, 2-azanyl-3-sulfo-propanoic acid, BDBM85473, DTXSID40862048, XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N, BBL100099, MFCD00065088, NSC254030, STL301905, AKOS005174455, 3-Sulfoalanine (H-DL-Cys(O3H)-OH), LS-04435, FT-0627746, FT-0655399, FT-0683826, C-9550, EN300-717791, A820275, Q2823250, Z1198149799, InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9, 13100-82-8 [RN], 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 3024-83-7 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], A3OGP4C37W, a-Amino-b-sulfopropionic Acid, Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], CYA, Cysteic Acid, Cysteic acid (VAN), CYSTEIC ACID, D-, CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CYSTEIC ACID, L-, DL-cysteic acid, L-Cysteic Acid, UNII:A3OGP4C37W, α-amino-β-sulfopropionic acid, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysteinesulfonate, Cysterate, (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, (S)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, [13100-82-8] [RN], 207-861-3 [EINECS], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid, 35554-98-4 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 3-sulfoalanine|alanine, 3-sulfo-, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, L-, C-9550, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, cysteate, cysteinate, cysteine sulfonic acid, CYSTEINESULFONIC ACID, Cysteinic acid, Cysteins??ure, Cysteric acid, DL-CYSTEICACID, L-Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], L-Cysteate, L-Cysteic acid, 8, MFCD00007524, MFCD00065088 [MDL number], β-Sulfoalanine

Cysteate also known as 3-sulfo-l-alanine is the organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Cysteate is often referred to as Cysteic acid, which near neutral pH takes the form −O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2−.

Cysteate is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteate is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactate, which converts to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.
The enzyme L-cysteate sulfo-lyase catalyzes this conversion.

Cysteate is a biosynthetic precursor to taurine in microalgae.
By contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine sulfinate.

Cysteate and cysteine sulfinic acid (metabolic intermediates from taurine biosynthesis in the brain) significantly reduce [3H]taurine uptake in cultured neurons, whereas cysteine, isethionic acid, cysteamine, and cystamine exhibit no alterations in taurine transport.

Cysteate, also known as Cysteic acid or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Cysteate is a very strong basic compound (based on Cysteate pKa).

Cysteate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Within humans, Cysteate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Cysteate can be converted into taurine through Cysteate interaction with the enzyme cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase.

In addition, Cysteate can be converted into taurine through Cysteate interaction with the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase 1.
In humans, Cysteate is involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.

Cysteate, also known as Cysteic acid or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

Cysteate is a very strong basic compound (based on Cysteate pKa).
Cysteate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

L-Cysteate is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Cysteate is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteate occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Cysteate, also known as 3-sulfo-1-alanine, is an organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Cysteate is often called Cysteic acid, and at near-neutral pH Cysteate takes the form -O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2-.

An amino acid produced by the oxidation of cysteine, where the thiol group is completely oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteate is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactic acid and converted to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.

The enzyme L-cysteate sulfolyase catalyzes this conversion.
Cysteate is the biosynthetic precursor of taurine in microalgae.
In contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine ​​sulfinic acid.

Fmoc-L-Cysteate is an Fmoc protected cysteine derivative potentially useful for proteomics studies, and solid phase peptide synthesis techniques.
Cysteine is versatile amino acid involved with many biological processes, including the formation of disulfide bonds - a critical component of protein structure.
This compound could be useful as an unusual amino acid analog to aid in the deconvolution of protein structure and function.

Cysteate is an amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Cysteate has a role as an animal metabolite.
Cysteate is an alanine derivative, an amino sulfonic acid, a carboxyalkanesulfonic acid, a cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.

Cysteate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

Cysteate is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris and Homo sapiens with data available.

Cysteate can be readily oxidized, where the main degradation products are mixed disulfides within one molecule, disulfide cross-links between molecules, and sulfenic, sulfinic, and Cysteate.
Transition metals such as Cu2+ and Fe3+ can catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds.

As an example, human fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) forms dimers as the result of intermolecular disulfides by copper-catalyzed oxidation.
These metal-catalyzed reactions generally can occur without a neighboring thiol group.

In the absence of transition metals the formation of new intramolecular or intermolecular disulfide bridges generally requires a nearby free thiol group that breaks apart the existing native disulfide bridge and then the free thiol can reoxidize to form the disulfide bridge.
Since this reaction requires a free thiol anion (pKa is ∼9) an increase in the solution pH will result in an increase in formation of mixed disulfide.

However, the pKa values for Cysteate can vary depending on the proximity of other ionizing groups in the tertiary structure.
These interactions are primarily electrostatic in nature and since the ionization of these neighboring groups changes with the pH the pKa values of the Cysteate residues will be a function of pH.

As an example, the thiol pKa in papain for the active site Cys 25 has been estimated to be 4.1 at pH 6 and 8.4 at pH 9.
This observation suggests that at pH 6 there is a His residue with positive charge in close proximity to Cysteate 25, whereas at pH 9 the electrostatic interactions are dominated by close negatively charged residues such as Asp or Glu residues.

The effects of local electrostatic environments on thiol pKa values and disulfide exchange have been discussed by Snyder, Cennerazzo, Karalis, and Field (1981).
Ion pairing with His residues has also been proposed for the decrease in the Cys pKa values.

Cysteate has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved

Cysteate has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved.

Cysteate can be coupled in SPPS by standard phosphoniumor uranium-based coupling reagents.
In high throughput technologies for DNA sequencing and genomics charge-modified dye-labelled
dideoxynucleoside-5’-triphosphates were synthesized for “direct-load” applications in DNA.

L-Cysteine and L-Cysteate were synthesized by paired eletrolysis method.
A high purity over 98% and high yield over 90% of both products were gained.

When current density was 7 A/dm2 and concentration of L-cysteine was 0.6 mol/dm3, the highest current efficiency of anode and cathode was achieved.
Total current efficiency was over 180%.

The cyclic voltammetry behaviors of hydrobromic acid and cystine showed that a typical EC reaction took place in the anodic cell.
The anode reaction and successive chemical reaction accelerated each other to get a high speed and current efficiency.

L-Cysteate is the L-enantiomer of Cysteate.
Cysteate has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite.

Cysteate is a Cysteate, an amino sulfonic acid, a L-alanine derivative, a L-cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.
Cysteate is a conjugate acid of a L-cysteate(1-).

L-Cysteate is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Cysteate is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteate occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Uses of Cysteate:
An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteate occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Application of Cysteate:
Internal standard for amino acid analysis.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Cysteate:
L-Cysteate is a sulfur containing aspartate analogue that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems.
L-Cysteate is used in monomeric surfactant development.

L-Cysteate is an oxidation product of Cysteine.
L-Cysteate, an analogue of cysteine sulfinic acid, may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors.
L-Cysteate is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Cysteate:

Human Metabolite Information:

Cellular Locations:
Mitochondria

Handling and storage of Cysteate:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids

Stability and reactivity of Cysteate:

Reactivity:

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Cysteate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Cysteate:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Firefighting measures of Cysteate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Cysteate no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Cysteate:
Carbon oxides
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides
Combustible.

Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Cysteate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Identifiers of Cysteate:
CAS Number:
13100-82-8 (D/L)
35554-98-4 (D)
498-40-8 (L)

ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
ChemSpider: 65718
DrugBank: DB03661
ECHA InfoCard: 100.265.539
EC Number: 207-861-3
MeSH: Cysteic+acid
PubChem CID: 25701

UNII:
A3OGP4C37W (D/L)
YWB11Z1XEI (D)
M6W2DJ6N5K (L)

CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID40862048
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)N)S(=O)(=O)O

Synonym(s): (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid
Linear Formula: HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H·H2O
CAS Number: 23537-25-9
Molecular Weight: 187.17
Beilstein: 3714036
MDL number: MFCD00149544
PubChem Substance ID: 24858207
NACRES: NA.26

CAS: 498-40-8
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15
MDL Number: MFCD00007524
InChI Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 72886
ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
IUPAC Name: 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid
SMILES: NC(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of Cysteate:
Chemical formula: C3H7NO5S
Molar mass: 169.15 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals or powder
Melting point: Decomposes around 272 °C
Solubility in water: Soluble

Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99.0% (T)
form: powder or crystals
optical activity: [α]20/D +7.5±0.5°, c = 5% in H2O
technique(s): LC/MS: suitable
color: white to faint yellow
mp: 267 °C (dec.) (lit.)
solubility: H2O: soluble
application(s): peptide synthesis
SMILES string: [H]O[H].N[C@@H](CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C3H7NO5S.H2O/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9;/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9);1H2/t2-;/m0./s1
InChI key: PCPIXZZGBZWHJO-DKWTVANSSA-N

Molecular Weight: 169.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -4.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 214
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Cysteate:
Color: White
Quantity: 1 g
Formula Weight: 169.15
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (T)
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L-Cysteic Acid

Related Products of Cysteate:
(R)-(-)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
(R)-(+)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
[2R-[2a,6a,7b(R*)]]-7-[[[[(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]phenylacetyl]amino]-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylic Acid 5-Oxide
(S)-4',7-Dimethyl Equol
(3a'R,4'S,5'S,6a'S)-5'-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]hexahydro-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]-5,5-dimethyl-spiro[1,3-dioxane-2,2'(1'H)-pentalene]-4'-carboxamide

Names of Cysteate:

IUPAC name:
(R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid

Regulatory process names:
L-cysteic acid
L-cysteic acid

Other names:
3-Sulfo-l-alanine

Other identifiers:
498-40-8
CYSTEIC ACID
Cysteic acid is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteic acid, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
Cysteic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

CAS Number: 498-40-8
EC Number: 207-861-3
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15

Synonyms: Cysteic Acid, 3-Sulfoalanine, DL-CYSTEIC ACID, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 13100-82-8, cysteate, beta-Sulfoalanine, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, 3024-83-7, Cysteinic acid, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, Cysteric acid, A3OGP4C37W, CHEBI:21260, Cysteinesulfonate, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoate, L-Cysteate, UNII-A3OGP4C37W, cysteinsaure, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysterate, NSC 254030, NSC-254030, L-Cysteic acid, 8, 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, CYSTEIC ACID [MI], CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CHEMPACIFIC41266, SCHEMBL44030,m2-amino-3-sulfopro-panoic acid, CHEMBL1171434, 2-azanyl-3-sulfo-propanoic acid, BDBM85473, DTXSID40862048, XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N, BBL100099, MFCD00065088, NSC254030, STL301905, AKOS005174455, 3-Sulfoalanine (H-DL-Cys(O3H)-OH), LS-04435, FT-0627746, FT-0655399, FT-0683826, C-9550, EN300-717791, A820275, Q2823250, Z1198149799, InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9, 13100-82-8 [RN], 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 3024-83-7 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], A3OGP4C37W, a-Amino-b-sulfopropionic Acid, Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], CYA, Cysteic Acid, Cysteic acid (VAN), CYSTEIC ACID, D-, CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CYSTEIC ACID, L-, DL-cysteic acid, L-Cysteic Acid, UNII:A3OGP4C37W, α-amino-β-sulfopropionic acid, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysteinesulfonate, Cysterate, (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, (S)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, [13100-82-8] [RN], 207-861-3 [EINECS], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid, 35554-98-4 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 3-sulfoalanine|alanine, 3-sulfo-, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, L-, C-9550, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, cysteate, cysteinate, cysteine sulfonic acid, CYSTEINESULFONIC ACID, Cysteinic acid, Cysteins??ure, Cysteric acid, DL-CYSTEICACID, L-Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], L-Cysteate, L-Cysteic acid, 8, MFCD00007524, MFCD00065088 [MDL number], β-Sulfoalanine

Cysteic acid also known as 3-sulfo-l-alanine is the organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Cysteic acid is often referred to as cysteate, which near neutral pH takes the form −O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2−.

Cysteic acid is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteic acid is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactate, which converts to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.
The enzyme L-cysteate sulfo-lyase catalyzes this conversion.

Cysteate is a biosynthetic precursor to taurine in microalgae.
By contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine sulfinate.

Cysteic acid and cysteine sulfinic acid (metabolic intermediates from taurine biosynthesis in the brain) significantly reduce [3H]taurine uptake in cultured neurons, whereas cysteine, isethionic acid, cysteamine, and cystamine exhibit no alterations in taurine transport.

Cysteic acid, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Cysteic acid is a very strong basic compound (based on Cysteic acid pKa).

Cysteic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Within humans, cysteic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, cysteic acid can be converted into taurine through Cysteic acid interaction with the enzyme cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase.

In addition, cysteic acid can be converted into taurine through Cysteic acid interaction with the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase 1.
In humans, cysteic acid is involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.

Cysteic acid, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

Cysteic acid is a very strong basic compound (based on Cysteic acid pKa).
Cysteic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

L-cysteic acid is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Cysteic acid is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteic acid occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Cysteic acid, also known as 3-sulfo-1-alanine, is an organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Cysteic acid is often called cysteate, and at near-neutral pH Cysteic acid takes the form -O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2-.

An amino acid produced by the oxidation of cysteine, where the thiol group is completely oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteic acid is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactic acid and converted to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.

The enzyme L-cysteate sulfolyase catalyzes this conversion.
Cysteic acid is the biosynthetic precursor of taurine in microalgae.
In contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine ​​sulfinic acid.

Fmoc-L-cysteic acid is an Fmoc protected cysteine derivative potentially useful for proteomics studies, and solid phase peptide synthesis techniques.
Cysteine is versatile amino acid involved with many biological processes, including the formation of disulfide bonds - a critical component of protein structure.
This compound could be useful as an unusual amino acid analog to aid in the deconvolution of protein structure and function.

Cysteic acid is an amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Cysteic acid has a role as an animal metabolite.
Cysteic acid is an alanine derivative, an amino sulfonic acid, a carboxyalkanesulfonic acid, a cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.

Cysteic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

Cysteic Acid is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris and Homo sapiens with data available.

Cysteic acid can be readily oxidized, where the main degradation products are mixed disulfides within one molecule, disulfide cross-links between molecules, and sulfenic, sulfinic, and Cysteic acid.
Transition metals such as Cu2+ and Fe3+ can catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds.

As an example, human fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) forms dimers as the result of intermolecular disulfides by copper-catalyzed oxidation.
These metal-catalyzed reactions generally can occur without a neighboring thiol group.

In the absence of transition metals the formation of new intramolecular or intermolecular disulfide bridges generally requires a nearby free thiol group that breaks apart the existing native disulfide bridge and then the free thiol can reoxidize to form the disulfide bridge.
Since this reaction requires a free thiol anion (pKa is ∼9) an increase in the solution pH will result in an increase in formation of mixed disulfide.

However, the pKa values for Cysteic acid can vary depending on the proximity of other ionizing groups in the tertiary structure.
These interactions are primarily electrostatic in nature and since the ionization of these neighboring groups changes with the pH the pKa values of the Cysteic acid residues will be a function of pH.

As an example, the thiol pKa in papain for the active site Cys 25 has been estimated to be 4.1 at pH 6 and 8.4 at pH 9.
This observation suggests that at pH 6 there is a His residue with positive charge in close proximity to Cysteic acid 25, whereas at pH 9 the electrostatic interactions are dominated by close negatively charged residues such as Asp or Glu residues.

The effects of local electrostatic environments on thiol pKa values and disulfide exchange have been discussed by Snyder, Cennerazzo, Karalis, and Field (1981).
Ion pairing with His residues has also been proposed for the decrease in the Cys pKa values.

Cysteic acid has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved

Cysteic acid has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved.

Cysteic acid can be coupled in SPPS by standard phosphoniumor uranium-based coupling reagents.
In high throughput technologies for DNA sequencing and genomics charge-modified dye-labelled
dideoxynucleoside-5’-triphosphates were synthesized for “direct-load” applications in DNA.

L-Cysteine and L-cysteic acid were synthesized by paired eletrolysis method.
A high purity over 98% and high yield over 90% of both products were gained.

When current density was 7 A/dm2 and concentration of L-cysteine was 0.6 mol/dm3, the highest current efficiency of anode and cathode was achieved.
Total current efficiency was over 180%.

The cyclic voltammetry behaviors of hydrobromic acid and cystine showed that a typical EC reaction took place in the anodic cell.
The anode reaction and successive chemical reaction accelerated each other to get a high speed and current efficiency.

L-cysteic acid is the L-enantiomer of cysteic acid.
Cysteic acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite.

Cysteic acid is a cysteic acid, an amino sulfonic acid, a L-alanine derivative, a L-cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.
Cysteic acid is a conjugate acid of a L-cysteate(1-).

L-cysteic acid is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Cysteic acid is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteic acid occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Uses of Cysteic acid:
An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteic acid occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Application of Cysteic acid:
Internal standard for amino acid analysis.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Cysteic acid:
L-Cysteic acid is a sulfur containing aspartate analogue that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems.
L-Cysteic acid is used in monomeric surfactant development.

L-cysteic acid is an oxidation product of Cysteine.
L-Cysteic acid, an analogue of cysteine sulfinic acid, may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors.
L-Cysteic acid is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Cysteic acid:

Human Metabolite Information:

Cellular Locations:
Mitochondria

Handling and storage of Cysteic acid:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids

Stability and reactivity of Cysteic acid:

Reactivity:

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Cysteic acid is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Cysteic acid:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Firefighting measures of Cysteic acid:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Cysteic acid no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Cysteic acid:
Carbon oxides
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides
Combustible.

Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Cysteic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Identifiers of Cysteic acid:
CAS Number:
13100-82-8 (D/L)
35554-98-4 (D)
498-40-8 (L)

ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
ChemSpider: 65718
DrugBank: DB03661
ECHA InfoCard: 100.265.539
EC Number: 207-861-3
MeSH: Cysteic+acid
PubChem CID: 25701

UNII:
A3OGP4C37W (D/L)
YWB11Z1XEI (D)
M6W2DJ6N5K (L)

CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID40862048
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)N)S(=O)(=O)O

Synonym(s): (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid
Linear Formula: HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H·H2O
CAS Number: 23537-25-9
Molecular Weight: 187.17
Beilstein: 3714036
MDL number: MFCD00149544
PubChem Substance ID: 24858207
NACRES: NA.26

CAS: 498-40-8
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15
MDL Number: MFCD00007524
InChI Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 72886
ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
IUPAC Name: 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid
SMILES: NC(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of Cysteic acid:
Chemical formula: C3H7NO5S
Molar mass: 169.15 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals or powder
Melting point: Decomposes around 272 °C
Solubility in water: Soluble

Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99.0% (T)
form: powder or crystals
optical activity: [α]20/D +7.5±0.5°, c = 5% in H2O
technique(s): LC/MS: suitable
color: white to faint yellow
mp: 267 °C (dec.) (lit.)
solubility: H2O: soluble
application(s): peptide synthesis
SMILES string: [H]O[H].N[C@@H](CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C3H7NO5S.H2O/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9;/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9);1H2/t2-;/m0./s1
InChI key: PCPIXZZGBZWHJO-DKWTVANSSA-N

Molecular Weight: 169.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -4.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 214
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Cysteic acid:
Color: White
Quantity: 1 g
Formula Weight: 169.15
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (T)
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L-Cysteic Acid

Related Products of Cysteic acid:
(R)-(-)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
(R)-(+)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
[2R-[2a,6a,7b(R*)]]-7-[[[[(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]phenylacetyl]amino]-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylic Acid 5-Oxide
(S)-4',7-Dimethyl Equol
(3a'R,4'S,5'S,6a'S)-5'-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]hexahydro-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]-5,5-dimethyl-spiro[1,3-dioxane-2,2'(1'H)-pentalene]-4'-carboxamide

Names of Cysteic acid:

IUPAC name:
(R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid

Regulatory process names:
L-cysteic acid
L-cysteic acid

Other names:
3-Sulfo-l-alanine

Other identifiers:
498-40-8
CYSTEIC ACID
CYSTEINE, N° CAS : 52-90-4 / 3374-22-9 - Cystéine, Nom INCI : CYSTEINE, Nom chimique : L-Cysteine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-158-2 / 222-160-2, Additif alimentaire : E920, Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité, Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène
Cystéine
CYSTEINE HCL, N° CAS : 52-89-1, Nom INCI : CYSTEINE HCL, Nom chimique : Cysteine hydrochloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-157-7. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance , Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis, Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène
Cysteine hydrochloride
CYSTINE, N° CAS : 56-89-3, Nom INCI : CYSTINE, Nom chimique : Cystine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-296-3, Additif alimentaire : E921, Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité, statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit
CYSTINE
CYSTINE = L-CYSTINE

Cystine is an oxidized dimeric form of the amino acid cysteine.
Cystine functions as an antioxidant, aids in protein synthesis and serves as a link allowing proteins to maintain their 3-D structure.
Furthermore, cystine is a substrate for the cystine-glutamate transport system.

CAS number: 56-89-3
EC number: 200-296-3
Molecular Formula: C6H12N2O4S2
Molar Mass: 240.30 g/mol

Cystine is the oxidized derivative of the amino acid cysteine and has the formula (SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2.
Cystine is a white solid that is poorly soluble in water.
As a residue in proteins, cystine serves two functions: a site of redox reactions and a mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their three-dimensional structure.

Cystine, a crystalline, sulfur-containing amino acid that is formed from two molecules of the amino acid cysteine.
Cystine can be converted to cysteine by reduction (in this case, the addition of hydrogen).

Discovered in 1810, cystine was not recognized as a component of proteins until 1899, when Cystine was isolated from animal horn.
Cystine is particularly abundant in skeletal and connective tissues and in hair, horn, and wool.

Cystine is not considered one of the 20 amino acids, Cystine is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains.
Cystine functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process.

Cystine also aids protein synthesis.
Cystine is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen.

L-cystine is the L-enantiomer of the sulfur-containing amino acid cystine.
Cystine has a role as a flour treatment agent, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an EC 1.2.1.11 (aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor.

Cystine is a cystine, a L-cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.
Cystine is a conjugate acid of a L-cystine anion.

Cystine is an enantiomer of a D-cystine.
Cystine is a tautomer of a L-cystine zwitterion.

Cystine is the oxidized disulfide form of cysteine (Cys) and is the predominant form of cysteine in the blood due to Cystine greater relative stability.
Cystine is derived from dietary protein and, end formed endogenously from cysteine.

Cystine may be low as a result of dietary protein insufficiency, malabsorption or impaired methionine metabolism.
Supplementation of cystine along with antioxidant nutrients, Nacetylcysteine, or cofactors involved in methionine metabolism may be beneficial.
Cystine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation should be avoided in the presence of intestinal yeast overgrowth and definitely contraindicated for insulin-dependent diabetics.

Cystine is considered one of the most convenient targets for protein modification.
The sulfhydryl side chain of cysteine is considered an active nucleophilic moiety.

Generally speaking, cystines are some of the lowest abundant surface-exposed amino acids.
Cysteine is a more nucleophilic moiety in comparison to the primary amines, and this allows selective modifications of cystines over lysines.

However, surface-exposed cysteines are rarely present on the exterior of the proteins, as they embed their side chain within the hydrophobic region of the protein.
For example, once cysteines are on the surface of exposed proteins, this contributes to the forming of disulfide associations and ultimately to protein aggregation (agglomeration).

This scheme is vital for protein stabilization.
Maleimide chemistries are some of the most common approaches to labeling the side chain of cysteine, as they selectively react with the thiol group.

The maleimide reaction is stable under physiological conditions, while lysines fail to react and the same reaction conditions.
Thiols are recognized in oxidative terms to create disulfide ties.
This oxidative reaction is involved in the cystine-cystine equilibrium, which is pivotal in the configuration of the 3D structure of the proteins, as the reaction conditions are very mild and do not affect the structural stability.

L-Cystine has been used in in vitro cystine solubility assay to identify potential drugs that influence cystine solubility.
Cystine is also used as a supplement of phosphate-buffered saline to slice and wash periprosthetic tissues.

L-Cysteine and Cystine oxidized form L-Cystine are essential amino acids used in cell culture and are present in all chemically defined media formulations.
Both forms can be taken up by most cell lines, including those used in monoclonal antibody production.

L-Cysteine is not only an important building block of biomass and recombinant proteins but also has a range of additional functions.
For example, Cystine is the rate limiting substrate in the biosynthesis of glutathione, which is the main mediator of intracellular redox homeostasis and helps to reduce oxidative stress.

Thus, providing sufficient Cys-equivalents is critical to achieve the best bioprocess performance during the cultivation of cells in serum-free, chemically defined conditions.

L-Cystine is the left-handed enantiomer of the sulphur-containing amino acid, cystine, purified for use in molecular biology and analytical chemistry applications.
L-Cystine is a derivative of the amino acid, cysteine

Cystine is not considered one of the twenty common amino acids, but Cystine has a role as a metabolite in some species
May act as an antioxidant in form and reduce aging, inflammation, and tissue damage

Applications of Cystine:
Cystine is used as an additive to cell culture media
Cystine is Intended for biochemistry applications such as HPLC

Other Applications:
Cell analysis
Peptide synthesis

Uses of Cystine:
Cystine is used as a flavoring agent, dough strengthener, and nutritional supplement for foods.

Cystine may help speed recovery after surgery.
Cystine is an amino acid that is found in digestive enzymes, in the cells of the immune system, in skeletal and connective tissues, skin, and hair.

Hair and skin are 10% to 14% cystine.
Amino acids (AAs) are available as single AAs or in AA combinations.

They also come as part of multivitamins, proteins, and food supplements.
The forms include tablets, fluids, and powders.

Nutritional supplements:
Cysteine supplements are sometimes marketed as anti-aging products with claims of improved skin elasticity.
Cysteine is more easily absorbed by the body than cystine, so most supplements contain cysteine rather than cystine.
N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is better absorbed than other cysteine or cystine supplements.

Drug Indication:
Cystine has been claimed that L-cysteine has anti-inflammatory properties, that Cystine can protect against various toxins, and that Cystine might be helpful in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
More research will have to be done before L-cysteine can be indicated for any of these conditions.

Formation and Reactions of Cystine:

Structure of Cystine:
Cystine is the disulfide derived from the amino acid cysteine.

The conversion can be viewed as an oxidation:
2 HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH + 0.5 O2 → (HO2CCH(NH2)CH2S)2 + H2O

Cystine contains a disulfide bond, two amine groups, and two carboxylic acid groups.
As for other amino acids, the amine and carboxylic acid groups exist is rapid equilibrium with the ammonium-carboxylate tautomer.

The great majority of the literature concerns the l,l-cystine, derived from l-cysteine.
Other isomers include d,d-cystine and the meso isomer d,l-cystine, neither of which is biologically significant.

Occurrence of Cystine:
Cystine is common in many foods such as eggs, meat, dairy products, and whole grains as well as skin, horns and hair.
Cystine was not recognized as being derived of proteins until Cystine was isolated from the horn of a cow in 1899.
Human hair and skin contain approximately 10–14% cystine by mass.

History of Cystine:
Cystine was discovered in 1810 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston, who called Cystine "cystic oxide".
In 1833, the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius named the amino acid "cystine".

The Norwegian chemist Christian J. Thaulow determined, in 1838, the empirical formula of cystine.
In 1884, the German chemist Eugen Baumann found that when cystine was treated with a reducing agent, cystine revealed itself to be a dimer of a monomer which he named "cysteïne".

In 1899, cystine was first isolated from protein (horn tissue) by the Swedish chemist Karl A. H. Mörner (1855-1917).
The chemical structure of cystine was determined by synthesis in 1903 by the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer.

Redox:
Cystine is formed from the oxidation of two cysteine molecules, which results in the formation of a disulfide bond.
In cell biology, cystine residues (found in proteins) only exist in non-reductive (oxidative) organelles, such as the secretory pathway (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles) and extracellular spaces (e.g., extracellular matrix).
Under reductive conditions (in the cytoplasm, nucleus, etc.) cysteine is predominant. The disulfide link is readily reduced to give the corresponding thiol cysteine.

Typical thiols for this reaction are mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol:
(SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2 + 2 RSH → 2 HSCH2CH(NH2)CO2H + RSSR

Because of the facility of the thiol-disulfide exchange, the nutritional benefits and sources of cystine are identical to those for the more-common cysteine.
Disulfide bonds cleave more rapidly at higher temperatures.

Cystine-based disorders:
The presence of cystine in urine is often indicative of amino acid reabsorption defects.
Cystinuria has been reported to occur in dogs.
In humans the excretion of high levels of cystine crystals can be indicative of cystinosis, a rare genetic disease.

Biological Transport of Cystine:
Cystine serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter.
This transport system, which is highly specific for cystine and glutamate, increases the concentration of cystine inside the cell.

In this system, the anionic form of cystine is transported in exchange for glutamate.
Cystine is quickly reduced to cysteine.
Cysteine prodrugs, e.g. acetylcysteine, induce release of glutamate into the extracellular space.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Cystine:
Cysteine is the source of disulfide linkages in proteins and has a role in sulfur transport.
Cystine undergoes rapid oxidation to form cystine at physiological pH.

L-cystine is crucial for oxygen production and low density lipoprotein modification by arterial smooth muscle cells.
Cystine also has a role in the synthesis of glutathione.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Cystine:

Pharmacodynamics of Cystine:
L-Cystine is a covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine.
Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine.

Cystine is a chemical substance which naturally occurs as a deposit in the urine, and can form a calculus (hard mineral formation) when deposited in the kidney.
The compound produced when two cysteine molecules linked by a disulfide (S-S) bond.

Cystine is required for proper vitamin B6 utilization and is also helpful in the healing of burns and wounds, breaking down mucus deposits in illnesses such as bronchitis as well as cystic fibrosis.
Cysteine also assists in the supply of insulin to the pancreas, which is needed for the assimilation of sugars and starches.
Cystine increases the level of glutathione in the lungs, liver, kidneys and bone marrow, and this may have an anti-aging effect on the body by reducing age-spots etc.

Cystine Mechanism of Action:
Certain conditions, e.g. an acetaminophen overdose, deplete hepatic glutathione and subject the tissues to oxidative stress resulting in loss of cellular integrity.
L-Cystine serves as a major precursor for synthesis of glutathione.

Human Metabolite Information of Cystine:

Tissue Locations:
All Tissues
Placenta

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Related Products of Cystine:
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(6-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)acetyl)glycine
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)acetyl)glycine
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(4-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetyl)glycine
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(4-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetyl)glycine
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)acetyl)glycine

Identifiers of Cystine:
CAS Number: 56-89-3
ChEBI: CHEBI:35492
ChEMBL: ChEMBL366563
ChemSpider: 575
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.270
IUPHAR/BPS: 5413
KEGG: C01420
PubChem CID: 67678
UNII: 48TCX9A1VT
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2046418
InChI:
InChI=1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12) check
Key: LEVWYRKDKASIDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)
Key: LEVWYRKDKASIDU-UHFFFAOYAA
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)N)SSCC(C(=O)O)N

CAS: 56-89-3
Molecular Formula: C6H12N2O4S2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 240.292
MDL Number: MFCD00064228
InChI Key: LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N
PubChem CID: 67678
ChEBI: CHEBI:16283
SMILES:C(C(C(=O)O)N)SSCC(C(=O)O)N

CAS number: 56-89-3
EC number: 200-296-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₂N₂O₄S₂
Molar Mass: 240.30 g/mol
HS Code: 2930 90 13

CAS Number: 56-89-3
Molecular Weight: 240.30
Beilstein: 1728094
EC Number: 200-296-3
MDL number: MFCD00064228
eCl@ss: 32160406
PubChem Substance ID: 24893101
NACRES: NA.26

Synonym(s): (R,R)-3,3′-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid)
Linear Formula: [-SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H]2

Properties of Cystine:
Chemical formula: C6H12N2O4S2
Molar mass: 240.29 g·mol−1

Density: 1.66 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 261 - 262 °C (decomposition)
Bulk density: 300 kg/m3
Solubility: 0.19 g/l insoluble

Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥98% (TLC)
Form: crystalline
Color: white to off-white
mp: >240 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Solubility: 1 M HCl: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
Storage temp.: room temp
SMILES string: N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t3-,4-/m0/s1
InChI key: LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N

Molecular Weight: 240.3
XLogP3-AA: -6.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 7
Exact Mass: 240.02384922
Monoisotopic Mass: 240.02384922
Topological Polar Surface Area: 177 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 192
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Cystine:
Assay (bromatometric, calculated on dried substance): 99.0 - 101.0 %
Identity (IR-spectrum): passes test
Appearance: white to almost white, fine-crystalline powder
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, hydrochloric acid 2 mol/l): clear and not more intense in color than reference solution Y₇
Spec. rotation (α 20/D, 20 g/l, hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l, previously dried substance): -225 to -215
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 200 ppm
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 500 ppm
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 10 ppm
As (Arsenic): ≤ 5 ppm
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 10 ppm
Co (Cobalt): ≤ 5 ppm
Fe (Iron): ≤ 5 ppm
K (Potassium): ≤ 5 ppm
Mg (Magnesium): ≤ 5 ppm
Na (Sodium): ≤ 50 ppm
Pb (Lead): ≤ 5 ppm
Zn (Zinc): ≤ 5 ppm
Ninhydrin - positive substances (LC) (largest single impurity): ≤ 0.2 %
Ninhydrin - positive substances (LC) (Sum of all impurities): ≤ 0.5 %
NH₄ (Ammonium): ≤ 0.01 %
Loss on drying (105 °C; 3 h): ≤ 0.2 %

Ammonium: 200ppm max.
Chloride: 200ppm max.
Chlorine (Cl): 200ppm max.
Heavy Metals (as Pb): 10ppm max.
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Linear Formula: [-SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H]2
Iron (Fe): 10ppm max.
Beilstein: 04, 507
Loss on Drying: 0.5 % max. (105°C, 3 hrs)
Merck Index: 15, 2779
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Specific Rotation: −209° to −224° (20°C, 589nm) (c=2, 1 M HCl) on dried substance
Sulfate: 300ppm max.
Formula Weight: 240.3
Sulfated Ash: 0.1 % max.
Percent Purity: ≥98.5% (Acid)
Specific Rotation Condition: − 224.00 (20.00°C c=2;1 M HCL dry.sub.)
Quantity: 500g
Chemical Name or Material: L-Cystine

Synonyms of Cystine:
L-cystine
cystine
56-89-3
L-Cystin
L-Dicysteine
beta,beta'-Dithiodialanine
(H-Cys-OH)2
L-Cysteine disulfide
3,3'-Dithiodialanine
1-Cystine
Dicysteine
Cystine acid
Cystine, L-
Cystine (L)-
Cysteine disulfide
Cystin
Alanine, 3,3'-dithiodi-
L-(-)-Cystine
beta,beta'-Dithioalanine, L-
(-)-Cystine
Gelucystine
L-Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-
L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactic acid
Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl)disulfide
(R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
beta,beta'-Diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide
Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-
3,3'-Dithiobis-L-alanine
48TCX9A1VT
beta,beta'-Diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyldisulfide
(2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid), (R-(R*,R*))-
Propanoic acid, 3,3'-dithiobis(2-amino-, (R-(R*,R*))-
CHEBI:16283
NSC-13203
Cystine (L-Cystine)
NSC 13203
(2R)-2-amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl}propanoic acid
Cystine (VAN)
Cystine [USAN]
Cystin (VAN)
2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoic acid
Cystine,d
(R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis
[R-(R*,R*)]-3,3'-Dithiobis
MFCD00064228
(2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
CAS-56-89-3
CCRIS 5822
(R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid)
Cystine [USAN:INN]
EINECS 200-296-3
[R-(R*,R*)]-3,3'-dithiobis[2-aminopropanoic acid]
UNII-48TCX9A1VT
BRN 1728094
AI3-09064
NCGC00164531-01
IYY
3,3'-Dithiobis
b,b'-Dithiodialanine
L-Cystine (9CI)
Cystine (USAN/INN)
L-Cystine (JP17)
CYSTINE [VANDF]
CYSTINE [INCI]
Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide
CYSTINE [INN]
CYSTINE [MI]
CYSTINE [MART.]
L-CYSTINE [FCC]
L-CYSTINE [JAN]
Cystine, L- (8CI)
CYSTINE [USP-RS]
CYSTINE [WHO-DD]
bmse000035
(2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
beta,beta'-Dithiobisalanine
EC 200-296-3
S-CYSTEINYL CYSTEINE
SCHEMBL10226
4-04-00-03155 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
L-Cystine, non-animal source
CYSTINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
CHEMBL590540
GTPL5413
DTXSID2046418
(H-Cys-OH)2 (Disulfide bond)
HY-N0394
ZINC1532673
Tox21_112162
CCG-36355
L-Cystine, >=99.7% (TLC)
s4808
Bis(b-amino-b-carboxyethyl) disulfide
Cystine, NIST(R) SRM(R) 143d
AKOS015898645
Tox21_112162_1
AM81644
DB00138
(2R)-2-azanyl-3-[[(2R)-2-azanyl-3-oxidanyl-3-oxidanylidene-propyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
Bis(b-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide
NCGC00166006-01
NCGC00166006-02
AC-11189
AS-12654
D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoate
L-Cystine, >=98% (TLC), crystalline
L-Cystine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (T)
TYROSINE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
L-Cystine, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
L-Cystine, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
ACETYLCYSTEINE IMPURITY A (L-CYSTINE)
b,b'-Diamino-b,b'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide
CS-0008930
D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid
(R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
(R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic Acid)
ACETYLCYSTEINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
C00491
D03636
EN300-174654
M06021
S-(((R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio)cysteine
064C228
Q408626
3,3'-dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(R*,R*)]-Propanoate
2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoate
L-Cystine, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
3,3'-dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(R*,R*)]-Propanoic acid
Cystine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Z1269145231
2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoate
2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoic acid
3,3-DISULFANEDIYLBIS((2R)-2-AMINOPROPANOIC ACID)
DD82F461-3F8F-4624-9E2C-0272A9FA79ED
Cystine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
L-Cystine, Cell Culture Reagent (H-L-Cys(1)-OH.H-L-Cys(1)-OH)
L-Cystine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
L-Cystine, produced by Wacker Chemie AG, Burghausen, Germany, >=98.5%
2079930-29-1
L-Cystine, from non-animal source, meets EP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%

MeSH Entry Terms of Cystine:
Copper Cystinate
Cystine
L Cystine
L-Cystine
Cystine
CYTOSINE, N° CAS : 71-30-7, Nom INCI : CYTOSINE, Nom chimique : 4-Amino-2(1H)-pyrimidinone, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-749-5. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
CYTOSINE
ZINC STEARATE Stearic acid, zinc salt; Octadecanoic acid, zinc salt; Dermarone; Metallac; Talculin Z; Zinc distearate; Zinc octadecanoate; Zinco stearato (Italian); Zinkdistearat (German); Diestearato de cinc (Spanish); Distéarate de zinc (French cas no:557-05-1
ÇINKO STEARAT 
D – Limonene; 1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; p-Menth-1,8-diene; Racemic: DL-Limonene; Dipentene cas no: 138-86-3
D – Limonene
D-Limonene; Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-; (+)-(R)-Limonene; (+)-(4R)-Limonene; (+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene;(R)-(+)-Limonene;Carvene;D-(+)-Limonene;Dipentene;Limonene;Limonene, (+)-;(R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene;Dextro-limonene;(«gamma»)-Carvene;(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene;p-Mentha-1,8-diene;R(«gamma»)-Limonene;4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene; (R)-Limone CAS NO:5989-27-5
D LIMONENE
D,L-LIMONENE, N° CAS : 138-86-3, Nom INCI : D,L-LIMONENE, Nom chimique : 1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene; p-Mentha-1,8-diene; 1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene; dipentene, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-341-0/931-893-3, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Noms français :Limonène; LIMONENE (DL-); LIMONENE (MELANGE D'ISOMERES); dipentene; limonene; dl-Limonene (racemic); Limonene 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)CYCLOHEXENE 1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE 4-ISOPROPENYL-1-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE CAJEPUTENE CINENE CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)- Dipentène DL-1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE DL-ISOPROPENYL-4 METHYL-1 CYCLOHEXENE DL-LIMONENE ISOPROPENYL-4 METHYL-1 CYCLOHEXENE P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE Noms anglais : 1,8(9)-P-MENTHADIENE DELTA-1,8-TERPODIENE Dipentene DL-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE INACTIVE LIMONENE Limonene LIMONENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene p-Mentha-1,8-diene 1-metyl-4-(prop-1-én-2-yl)cyklohexén (sk) dipentan (ro) Dipenteen (et) dipenteeni (fi) dipenten (cs) dipentenas (lt) dipentene (it) dipenteno (es) dipentène (fr) dipentén (hu) dipentēns (lv) Limoneen (et) limonen (cs) limonitas (lt) limonén (hu) limonēns (lv) διπεντένιο (el) дипентен (bg) лимонен (bg); (+/-)-Limonene (D) 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene -Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-isopentyl-1-cyclohexene 1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE(MAIN COMPONENT) 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene CYCLOHEXANE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (R) dipentene limonene dipentene, crude dipentene, limonene dipentenelimonene
D,L-LIMONENE ( Limonène)
SynonymsDADMAC;Nsc59284;oride soL;dadmac 65%;Elionfix G conc;(CH2=CHCH2)2N(Cl)(CH3)2;dimethyldiallylaminechloride;DIALLILDIMETILAMMONIOCLORURO;Diallyldimethylammoniumchlorid;Diallyldimethylaminium·chloride CAS No.: 7398-69-8
D-2000 – Polyoxypropylene diamine MW 2000
SYNONYMS Ablebond 342-1 Hardener;Poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether), average Mn ~2,000, CAS NO:9046-10-0
D-230 – Polyoxypropylene diamine MW 230
SYNONYMS Ablebond 342-1 Hardener;Poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether), average Mn ~230 CAS NO:9046-10-0
D-2-CAMPHANONE
d-2-camphanone is a white, waxy organic compound that is incorporated in lotions, ointments, and creams.
d-2-camphanone is also an active ingredient that is integrated into a majority of over-the-counter medications for cold and cough relief.
d-2-camphanone is obtained from d-2-camphanone tree wood, where the extract is processed through steam distillation.

CAS Number: 76-22-2
EC Number: 200-945-0
Molecular Formula: C10H16O
Molecular Weight: 152.23

Synonyms: camphor, DL-Camphor, 76-22-2, 2-Camphanone, 2-Bornanone, (+/-)-Camphor, Bornan-2-one, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, (+)-Camphor, 21368-68-3, Alphanon, Kampfer, D-CAMPHOR, Formosa camphor, Laurel camphor, Matricaria camphor, Camphor, synthetic, Bornane, 2-oxo-, 1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor, 464-48-2, Japan camphor, 2-Camphonone, Huile de camphre, 2-Kamfanon, l-(-)-Camphor, DL-Bornan-2-one, 2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane, Caswell No. 155, D-(+)-Camphor, Norcamphor, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Zang Qi, Kampfer [German], 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone, HSDB 37, 2-Kamfanon [Czech], DTXSID5030955, CHEBI:36773, Camphor, (1R,4R)-(+)-, 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one, (1R)-(+)-amphor, Camphor (synthetic), Camphor, (+/-)-, EINECS 200-945-0, EINECS 244-350-4, Huile de camphre [French], UNII-5TJD82A1ET, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 015602, BRN 1907611, BRN 3196099, Alcanfor, SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR, AI3-18783, Japanese camphor, DTXCID3010955, Camphor USP, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptanone, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, d-2-Camphanone, d-2-Bornanone, Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Camphor (USP), Camphor [USP], (-)-Alcanfor, (1R)-Camphor, camphor, (synthetic), EC 200-945-0, 0-07-00-00135 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 4-07-00-00213 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Camphor Powder, (1RS,4RS)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)-, Formosa, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (.+/-.)-, EINECS 207-355-2, UN2717, (+-)-Camphor, AI3-01698, Camphor, (1R)-Isomer, Camphor, (+-)-Isomer, (+) - bornan - 2 - one, Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)-, racemic camphor, NSC26351, DisperseYellow3, EINECS 207-354-7, NA2717, NSC 26351, Camphor, natural, bornan-2-on, DL-2-Bornanone, Kamfer (syntetisk), ()-Camphor, Heet (Salt/Mix), dextro,laevo-camphor, Sarna (Salt/Mix), Camphor - Synthetic, (?)-Camphor, bornan - 2 - one, dl-Camphor (JP17), CPO (CHRIS Code), (.+/-.)-Camphor, D0H1QY, UNII-SV6B76DK9N, Camphor Powder - Synthetic, SCHEMBL16068, Camphor, (.+/-.)-, Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1theta)-, MLS001055495, CHEMBL15768, DivK1c_000724, CAMPHOR, (+-)-, GTPL2422, HMS502E06, KBio1_000724, NINDS_000724, HMS2268A06, HMS3885J06, 8008-51-3, HY-N0808, Tox21_200237, BBL012963, LS-126, MFCD00074738, s3851, s4516, STK803534, ( inverted exclamation markA)-Camphor, AKOS000118728, AKOS022060577, AC-5284, CCG-266237, CCG-266238, DB14156, LMPR0102120001, LS-1691, UN 2717, CAS-76-22-2, IDI1_000724, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 015602, NCGC00090681-05, NCGC00090730-01, NCGC00090730-02, NCGC00090730-05, NCGC00257791-01, AC-15523, LS-48718, SMR000386909, VS-03622, (1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylnorbornan-2-one, C1251, CS-0009813, FT-0607017, FT-0607018, FT-0608303, 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanone, EN300-19186, 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-one, C00809, C18369, D00098, E75814, 1,7,7-Trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, Camphor, synthetic [UN2717] [Flammable solid], A838646, Q181559, Biciclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ona, 1,7,7-trimetil-, Q-200784, W-109539, W-110530, (+/-)-1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-one, F0001-0763, Z104473074, CAMPHOR (SEE ALSO DL-CAMPHOR (21368-68-3) AND D-CAMPHOR (464-49-3)), DL-CAMPHOR (SEE ALSO D-CAMPHOR (464-49-3) AND DL-CAMPHOR (21368-68-3)), CAMPHOR SQUARES SYNTHETIC TECHNICAL, CAMPHOR SYNTHETIC FLAKES, CAMPHOR SYNTHETIC POWDER, CAMPHOR TECH. GRADE, 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-on, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone (camphor), 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-on, 1,7,7-trimethyl-norcampho, 2-Bornanone, 2-Camphanonoe, 2-Camphonone, 2-Kamfanon, 2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane, 2-oxo-bornan, 2-oxobornane, Bicyclo[2,2,1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7-trimethyl-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Camphor Ep5, METHYLBENZYLIDENE, CHINESENASALOIL, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor, 2-CAMPHOR, 2-Camphanone, Bornan-2-one, Caladryl, Camphor, Radian B, DL-CAMPHOR USP, CAMPHOR SPIRITS USP, (±)-Camphor, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, DL-Camphor,98%, DL-Camphor,96%, Ordinary camphor 1,7,7-Trimethyl bicyclo(2,2,1)-2-heptanone, Camphor,(±)-Camphor, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, (à)-Camphor, DL-CaMphor, 96% 1KG, (+/-)-CaMphor puruM, synthetic, >=95.0% (GC), (+/-)-Camphor meets analytical specification of Ph.Eur., BP, >=95% (GC), racemic, Synthetic camphor powder, refined camphor powder, DL-Camphor for synthesis, Alphanon, Camphor (8CI), CAMPHORATEDMETACRESOL, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7,-trimethyl-,(±)-, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7-trimethyl-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Bornane, 2-oxo-, camphanone, camphor,natural, camphor--natural, camphre, component of Campho-phenique, component of Campho-phenique cold sore gel, component of Campho-phenique liquid, component of Heet,

d-2-camphanone has a pungent odor and a strong taste, and d-2-camphanone can be absorbed into the skin easily.
Currently, synthetic d-2-camphanone is extracted from turpentine, and d-2-camphanone is considered safe for use as long as appropriate indications are upheld.

d-2-camphanone was recorded in the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Pin Hui Jing Yao, Ben Cao Gang Mu, and Sheng Lian Fang.
There has been a long history for traditional Chinese medicine to use d-2-camphanone.

d-2-camphanone is a ketone occurring naturally in the wood of the cam- phor tree (Cinnamomum d-2-camphanonea).
d-2-camphanone is a naturally- occurring white organic compound with a characteristic penetrating odor.
d-2-camphanone is a cyclic compound and a ketone, formerly obtained from the wood of the d-2-camphanone tree but now made synthetically.

d-2-camphanone is used as a platicizer for celluloid and as an insecticide against clothes moths.
d-2-camphanone is a white crystalline cyclicketone.

d-2-camphanone was formerly obtainedfrom the wood of the Formosand-2-camphanone tree, but can now besynthesized.
d-2-camphanone has acharacteristic odour associated withits use in mothballs.

d-2-camphanone is a plasticizerin celluloid.
d-2-camphanone is a colorless or white colored crystalline powder with a strong mothball-like odor.

d-2-camphanone is about the same density as water.
d-2-camphanone is emits flammable vapors above 150°F.
d-2-camphanone is used to make moth proofings, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings.

d-2-camphanone is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma.
d-2-camphanone is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone.

d-2-camphanone is found in the wood of the d-2-camphanone laurel (Cinnamomum d-2-camphanonea), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the kapur tree (Dryobalanops sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia.
d-2-camphanone also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis.

Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) contain 0.05 to 0.5% d-2-camphanone, while d-2-camphanoneweed (Heterotheca) contains some 5%.
A major source of d-2-camphanone in Asia is d-2-camphanone basil (the parent of African blue basil).
d-2-camphanone can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine.

d-2-camphanone is chiral, existing in two possible enantiomers as shown in the structural diagrams.
The structure on the left is the naturally occurring (+)-d-2-camphanone ((1R,4R)-bornan-2-one), while d-2-camphanone mirror image shown on the right is the (−)-d-2-camphanone ((1S,4S)-bornan-2-one).
d-2-camphanone has few uses but is of historic significance as a compound that is readily purified from natural sources.

Both optical isomers are found widely in nature, with (+)-d-2-camphanone being the more abundant.
d-2-camphanone is, for example, the main component of oils obtained from the d-2-camphanone tree C. d-2-camphanonea.

d-2-camphanone is produced by fractional distillation and crystallization of d-2-camphanone oil or, synthetically, by dehydrogenation of isoborneol over a copper catalyst.
Due to d-2-camphanone characteristic penetrating, slightly minty odor, d-2-camphanone is only used in perfuming industrial products.

d-2-camphanone is far more important as a plasticizer.
d-2-camphanone, C1oH160, also known as Camphor, Japan d-2-camphanone, laurel d-2-camphanone, Formosa d-2-camphanone and gumd-2-camphanone is a terpene ketone.

d-2-camphanone is colourless solid with a characteristic odour that is obtained from the wood and bark of the d-2-camphanone tree and is soluble in water and alcohol.
d-2-camphanone has two optically active forms (dextro and levo) and an optically inactive mixture (racemic) of these two forms.

d-2-camphanone is used in pharmaceuticals,in disinfectants, in explosives,and to harden nitrocellulose plastics.
d-2-camphanone is colorless to white, flammable granules, crystals or waxy semi-solid with a strong, penetrating, fragrant or aromatic odor.
d-2-camphanone is odor threshold concentration is 0.27 ppm.

d-2-camphanone is a white, waxy organic compound that is incorporated in lotions, ointments, and creams.
d-2-camphanone is also an active ingredient that is integrated into a majority of over-the-counter medications for cold and cough relief.

d-2-camphanone oil is obtained from d-2-camphanone tree wood, where the extract is processed through steam distillation.
d-2-camphanone has a pungent odor and a strong taste, and d-2-camphanone can be absorbed into the skin easily.
Currently, synthetic d-2-camphanone is extracted from turpentine, and d-2-camphanone is considered safe for use as long as appropriate indications are upheld.

d-2-camphanone is a waxy, flammable, transparent solid with a strong aroma.
d-2-camphanone is a terpenoid with the chemical formula C10H16O.

d-2-camphanone is found in the wood of the d-2-camphanone laurel (Cinnamomum d-2-camphanonea), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the related kapur tree (Dryobalanops sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia.
d-2-camphanone also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis.

Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) contain 0.05 to 0.5% d-2-camphanone, while d-2-camphanoneweed (Heterotheca) contains some 5%.
A major source of d-2-camphanone in Asia is d-2-camphanone basil (the parent of African blue basil).
d-2-camphanone can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine.

The molecule has two possible enantiomers as shown in the structural diagrams.
The structure on the left is the naturally occurring (+)-d-2-camphanone ((1R,4R)-bornan-2-one), while d-2-camphanone mirror image shown on the right is the (−)-d-2-camphanone ((1S,4S)-bornan-2-one).

d-2-camphanone is used for its scent, as an embalming fluid, as topical medication, as a manufacturing chemical, and in religious ceremonies.

Uses of d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone has a wide range of uses based on d-2-camphanone anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial properties.
d-2-camphanone can be used for the treatment of certain skin conditions, enhance respiratory function and as a pain reliever.

d-2-camphanone may also be indicated for the treatment of low libido, muscle spasms, anxiety, depression, flatulence, and poor blood circulation, corns, symptoms of heart disease, cold sores, earaches, acne, and hair loss.
d-2-camphanone is considered effective for coughs, pain, skin irritation or itching relief, and osteoarthritis.
However, there is insufficient evidence that reinforces d-2-camphanone effectiveness as a treatment for hemorrhoids, warts, and low blood pressure and as a remedy for insect bites.

d-2-camphanone is used as a plasticizer for celluloseesters and ethers; in the manufacture ofplastics and cymene; in cosmetics, lacquers, medicine, explosives, and pyrotechnics; andas a moth repellent.

Physical uses:
The sublimating capability of d-2-camphanone gives d-2-camphanone several uses.

Plastics:
The first significant manmade plastics were low-nitrogen (or "soluble") nitrocellulose (pyroxylin) plastics.
In the early decades of the plastics industry, d-2-camphanone was used in immense quantities as the plasticizer that creates celluloid from nitrocellulose, in nitrocellulose lacquers and other plastics and lacquers.

Pest deterrent and preservative:
d-2-camphanone is believed to be toxic to insects and is thus sometimes used as a repellent.
d-2-camphanone is used as an alternative to mothballs.
d-2-camphanone crystals are sometimes used to prevent damage to insect collections by other small insects.

d-2-camphanone is kept in clothes used on special occasions and festivals, and also in cupboard corners as a cockroach repellent.
The smoke of d-2-camphanone crystal or d-2-camphanone incense sticks can be used as an environmentally-friendly mosquito repellent.

Recent studies have indicated that d-2-camphanone essential oil can be used as an effective fumigant against red fire ants, as d-2-camphanone affects the attacking, climbing, and feeding behavior of major and minor workers.

d-2-camphanone is also used as an antimicrobial substance.
In embalming, d-2-camphanone oil was one of the ingredients used by ancient Egyptians for mummification.

Solid d-2-camphanone releases fumes that form a rust-preventative coating and is therefore stored in tool chests to protect tools against rust.

Perfume:
In the ancient Arab world, d-2-camphanone was a common perfume ingredient.
The Chinese referred to the best d-2-camphanone as "dragon's brain perfume," due to d-2-camphanone "pungent and portentous aroma" and "centuries of uncertainty over d-2-camphanone provenance and mode of origin."

Culinary uses:
One of the earliest known recipes for ice cream dating to the Tang dynasty includes d-2-camphanone as an ingredient.
d-2-camphanone was used to flavor leavened bread in ancient Egypt.

In ancient and medieval Europe, d-2-camphanone was used as an ingredient in sweets.
d-2-camphanone was used in a wide variety of both savory and sweet dishes in medieval Arabic language cookbooks, such as al-Kitab al-abikh compiled by ibn Sayyâr al-Warrâq in the 10th century.
d-2-camphanone also was used in sweet and savory dishes in the Ni'matnama, according to a book written in the late 15th century for the sultans of Mandu.

Medicinal uses:
d-2-camphanone is commonly applied as a topical medication as a skin cream or ointment to relieve itching from insect bites, minor skin irritation, or joint pain.
d-2-camphanone is absorbed in the skin epidermis, where d-2-camphanone stimulates nerve endings sensitive to heat and cold, producing a warm sensation when vigorously applied, or a cool sensation when applied gently.
The action on nerve endings also induces a slight local analgesia.

d-2-camphanone is also used as an aerosol, typically by steam inhalation, to inhibd-2-camphanone coughing and relieve upper airway congestion due to the common cold.

In high doses, d-2-camphanone produces symptoms of irritability, disorientation, lethargy, muscle spasms, vomiting, abdominal cramps, convulsions, and seizures.
Lethal doses in adults are in the range 50–500 mg/kg (orally).
Generally, two grams cause serious toxicity and four grams are potentially lethal.

d-2-camphanone has limited use in veterinary medicine as a respiratory stimulant for horses.
d-2-camphanone was used by Ladislas J. Meduna to induce seizures in schizophrenic patients.

Traditional medicine:
d-2-camphanone has been used in traditional medicine over centuries, probably most commonly as a decongestant.
d-2-camphanone was used in ancient Sumatra to treat sprains, swellings, and inflammation.

d-2-camphanone also was used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine for various purposes.
d-2-camphanone has also been used in India since ancient times.

Consumer Uses:
Air care products
Cleaning and furnishing care products
Laundry and dishwashing products
Non-TSCA use
Paper products
Personal care products
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Uses Areas of d-2-camphanone:
Agent for soaking up liquid
Adhesion of molecules to a surface
Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
Air cleaners and anti-odor agents, air purifiers, air conditioners, air filters, general air care products
Antifreezing agents, or de-icing products
Related to food and beverage service activities
Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory
Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; modifiers included when specific information is known, such as drycleaning, laundry, soap, window/floor, etc
Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs
Related to carpets/rugs, the manufacturing of carpets, carpet detergents
Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
Pharmaceutical related
Stain and spot removers
Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing
Veterinary activities or veterinary drugs
Explosives and pyrotechnics
Laundry products (such as cleaning/washing agents), or laundry facilities
Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
General flavoring agents used in foods, including condiments and seasonings
Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
Residues found in food, typically from drugs or pesticides
Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products
Related to the activity of hunting
Home air fresheners
Generic lubricants, lubricants for engines, brake fluids, oils, etc
Non-metallic mineral products and their manufacture
Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
Fragrance used as a personal care product

Properties of d-2-camphanone:

Chemical Properties:
Both optical isomers are found widely in nature, with (+)-d-2-camphanone being the more abundant.
d-2-camphanone is, for example, the main component of oils obtained from the d-2-camphanone tree C. d-2-camphanonea.

d-2-camphanone is produced by fractional distillation and crystallization of d-2-camphanone oil or, synthetically, by dehydrogenation of isoborneol over a copper catalyst.
Due to d-2-camphanone characteristic penetrating, slightly minty odor, d-2-camphanone is only used in perfuming industrial products.
d-2-camphanone is far more important as a plasticizer.

d-2-camphanone, C1oH160, also known as Camphor, Japan d-2-camphanone, laurel d-2-camphanone,Formosa d-2-camphanone,and gumd-2-camphanone,is a terpene ketone.
d-2-camphanone is colourless solid with a characteristic odour that is obtained from the wood and bark of the d-2-camphanone tree and is soluble in water and alcohol.

d-2-camphanone has two optically active forms (dextro and levo) and an optically inactive mixture (racemic) of these two forms.
d-2-camphanone is used in pharmaceuticals,in disinfectants, in explosives,and to harden nitrocellulose plastics.
d-2-camphanone is a colorless glassy solid.

Physical properties:
Colorless to white, flammable granules, crystals or waxy semi-solid with a strong, penetrating, fragrant or aromatic odor.
Odor threshold concentration is 0.27 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983).

Pharmacology of d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone is a parasympatholytic agent which acts as a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist at nAChRs.

d-2-camphanone is toxic to human.
Overdose of d-2-camphanone can cause irritability, drowsiness, muscle spasms, vomiting, convulsions, epilepsy, and other symptoms.

The lethal dose of d-2-camphanone is 50–500 mg/kg (oral administration).
In general, 2 g of d-2-camphanone can cause serious toxicity, and 4 g of d-2-camphanone will produce fatal toxicity.

d-2-camphanone can cause a cold sensation similar to mint when applied to human skin.

In addition, d-2-camphanone has a slightly local anesthetic effect.
d-2-camphanone can act on the gastrointestinal mucosa to produce a certain degree of stimulating effect.

An appropriate dose of d-2-camphanone can make people feel warm and comfortable in the stomach, but high dose of d-2-camphanone will cause nausea and vomiting reaction.
The effect of d-2-camphanone on the central nervous system is obvious.

d-2-camphanone can act on the motor area of cerebral cortex and brain stem to produce the epilepsy-like seizures.
d-2-camphanone is generally believed that d-2-camphanone may have some therapeutic effects on patients with acute heart failure or recurrent collapse.

A low dose (50 mg) may treat mild heart fatigue and other illnesses.
The oxidized d-2-camphanone metabolite has a more obvious cardiotonic, hypertensive, and respiratory excitement effects.

d-2-camphanone can be absorbed by the body after oral administration easily through the mucous, subcutaneous, and muscle.
The in vivo metabolism of d-2-camphanone occurs mainly in the liver.

d-2-camphanone is firstly oxidized into d-2-camphanoneol and then goes through phase II metabolism to produce glucuronide conjugate with glucuronic acid.
Finally, the vast majority of glucuronide conjugate is excreted from the urine.

Dosage:
The topical dose of d-2-camphanone is 3-11% as an ointment.
For skin irritation, itching and pain, 3-11% of the ointment should be applied to the skin 3-4times per day.

For coughs and cold relief, a dense layer of 4.7-5.3% of d-2-camphanone ointment can be spread evenly onto the chest.
For Osteoarthritis, a topical combination comprising 32mg/g of d-2-camphanone, 50mg/g of chondroitin sulfate, and 30mg/g of glucosamine sulfate can be applied based on one’s requirements for about 8 weeks.

To relieve respiratory congestion through inhalation, 1 tablespoon of d-2-camphanone for every quart of water should be placed in a vaporizer 3 times per day.
The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that d-2-camphanone should not exceed 11% for topical products and disqualifies the oral use of d-2-camphanone in children as d-2-camphanone may result in toxicity and death.

dl-d-2-camphanone is used as a plasticizer for celluloseesters and ethers; in the manufacture ofplastics and cymene; in cosmetics, lacquers,medicine, explosives, and pyrotechnics; andas a moth repellent.
d-2-camphanone is credited with anesthetic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, cooling, and refreshing properties, and thought to be slightly stimulating to blood circulation and function.

Once absorbed by the subcutaneous tissue, d-2-camphanone combines in the body with glucoronic acid and is released through the urine.
d-2-camphanone is effective for oily and acne skin treatment, and has a scent similar to eucalyptus.

In high concentrations, d-2-camphanone can be an irritant and numb the peripheral sensory nerves.
Natural d-2-camphanone is derived from an evergreen tree indigenous to Asia, although now d-2-camphanone synthetic substitute is often used.

Manufacturing Methods of d-2-camphanone:
Steam distillation of d-2-camphanone-tree wood and crystallization.
d-2-camphanone is called natural d-2-camphanone and is dextrorotatory.
Synthetic d-2-camphanone, most of which is optically inactive, may be made from pinene, which is converted into camphene; by treatment with acetic acid and nitrobenzene d-2-camphanone becomes d-2-camphanone, turpentine oil is also used.

Natural d-2-camphanone is obtained by distillation from the plants of Cinnamomum or Laurus d-2-camphanonea from China and Japan, together with corresponding essential oils; the raw d-2-camphanone contains several impurities.
d-2-camphanone is separated from the water and the essential oil by pressure or by centrifugation and subsequently purified by sublimation or crystallization.

Production of d-2-camphanone:

Natural d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone has been produced as a forest product for centuries, condensed from the vapor given off by the roasting of wood chips cut from the relevant trees, and later by passing steam through the pulverized wood and condensing the vapors.
By the early 19th century most d-2-camphanone tree reserves had been depleted with the remaining large stands in Japan and Taiwan, with Taiwanese production greatly exceeding Japanese.
d-2-camphanone was one of the primary resources extracted by Taiwan's colonial powers as well as one of the most lucrative.

First the Chinese and then the Japanese established monopolies on Taiwanese d-2-camphanone.
In 1868, a British naval force sailed into Anping harbor and the local British representative demanded the end of the Chinese d-2-camphanone monopoly.

After the local imperial representative refused, the British bombarded the town and took the harbor.
The "d-2-camphanone regulations" negotiated between the two sides subsequently saw a brief end to the d-2-camphanone monopoly.

Synthetic d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone is produced from alpha-pinene, which is abundant in the oils of coniferous trees and can be distilled from turpentine produced as a side product of chemical pulping.
With acetic acid as the solvent and with catalysis by a strong acid, alpha-pinene is converted to isobornyl acetate.

Hydrolysis of this ester gives isoborneol which can be oxidized to give racemic d-2-camphanone.
By contrast, d-2-camphanone occurs naturally as D-d-2-camphanone, the (R)-enantiomer.

Etymology of d-2-camphanone:
The word d-2-camphanone derives from the French word camphre, itself from Latin: camfora, from Arabic: كافور‎, romanized: kafur, from Malay: kapur, perhaps via Sanskrit: कर्पुरम्, romanized: karpuram.

d-2-camphanone has been in burnt as an offering to Hindu deities as since ancient times and is known in India as "karpoora aarathi".

In Old Malay d-2-camphanone is known as kapur Barus, which means "the chalk of Barus".
Barus was an ancient port located near modern Sibolga on the western coast of Sumatra.

This port traded in d-2-camphanone extracted from the d-2-camphanone trees (Cinnamonum d-2-camphanonea) that were abundant in the region.
Even now Indonesians refer to aromatic naphthalene balls and moth balls as kapur Barus.

History of d-2-camphanone:
The research and development process of d-2-camphanone has gone through from the natural product extraction to the modern chemical drug synthesis.
For a long time, the Chinese extracted d-2-camphanone mainly from d-2-camphanone tree (Cinnamomum d-2-camphanonea), root bark of bodinier cinnamon, and Yunnan d-2-camphanone tree.

With the development of chemical industry, human beings started to use chemical synthesis methods to obtain a large amount of d-2-camphanone.
At present, the chemical synthesis process of d-2-camphanone in China has been well developed.

The synthetic d-2-camphanone is divided into industrial and pharmaceutical grades.
The industrial grade d-2-camphanone has a content of up to 96% or higher, and the pharmaceutical grade d-2-camphanone with high purity can meet the standard of pharmacopeia.

Production History:
d-2-camphanone has been produced as a forest product for centuries, condensed from the vapor given off by the roasting of wood chips cut from the relevant trees, and later by passing steam through the pulverized wood and condensing the vapors.
By the early 19th century most d-2-camphanone tree reserves had been depleted with the remaining large stands in Japan and Taiwan with Taiwanese production greatly exceeding Japanese.

d-2-camphanone was one of the primary resources extracted by Taiwan’s colonial powers as well as one of the most lucrative.
First the Chinese and then the Japanese established monopolies on Taiwanese d-2-camphanone.

In 1868 a British naval force sailed into Anping harbor and the local British representative demanded the end of the Chinese d-2-camphanone monopoly, after the local Qing representative refused the British bombarded the town and took the harbor.
The "d-2-camphanone regulations” negotiated between the two sides subsequently saw a brief end to the d-2-camphanone monopoly.

When d-2-camphanone use in the nascent chemical industries (discussed below) greatly increased the volume of demand in the late 19th century, potential for changes in supply and in price followed.
In 1911 Robert Kennedy Duncan, an industrial chemist and educator, related that the Imperial Japanese government had recently (1907–1908) tried to monopolize the production of natural d-2-camphanone as a forest product in Asia but that the monopoly was prevented by the development of the total synthesis alternatives, which began in "purely academic and wholly uncommercial" form with Gustav Komppa's first report "but d-2-camphanone sealed the fate of the Japanese monopoly.

For no sooner was d-2-camphanone accomplished than d-2-camphanone excited the attention of a new army of investigators—the industrial chemists.
The patent offices of the world were soon crowded with alleged commercial syntheses of d-2-camphanone, and of the favored processes companies were formed to explod-2-camphanone them, factories resulted, and in the incredibly short time of two years after d-2-camphanone academic synthesis artificial d-2-camphanone, every whd-2-camphanone as good as the natural product, entered the markets of the world.

And yet artificial d-2-camphanone does not—and cannot—displace the natural product to an extent sufficient to ruin the d-2-camphanone-growing industry.
d-2-camphanone sole present and probable future function is to act as a permanent check to monopolization, to act as a balance-wheel to regulate prices within reasonable limits."

This ongoing check on price growth was confirmed in 1942 in a monograph on DuPont's history, where William S. Dutton said, "Indispensable in the manufacture of pyroxylin plastics, natural d-2-camphanone imported from Formosa and selling normally for about 50 cents a pound, reached the high price of $3.75 in 1918 [amid the global trade disruption and high explosives demand that World War I created].
The organic chemists at DuPont replied by synthesizing d-2-camphanone from the turpentine of Southern pine stumps, with the result that the price of industrial d-2-camphanone sold in carload lots in 1939 was between 32 cents and 35 cents a pound."

The background of Gustaf Komppa's synthesis was as follows.
In the 19th century, d-2-camphanone was known that nitric acid oxidizes d-2-camphanone into d-2-camphanoneic acid.

Haller and Blanc published a semisynthesis of d-2-camphanone from d-2-camphanoneic acid.
Although they demonstrated d-2-camphanone structure, they were unable to prove d-2-camphanone.

The first complete total synthesis of d-2-camphanoneic acid was published by Komppa in 1903.
d-2-camphanone inputs were diethyl oxalate and 3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, which reacted by Claisen condensation to yield diketod-2-camphanoneic acid.

Methylation with methyl iodide and a complicated reduction procedure produced d-2-camphanoneic acid.
William Perkin published another synthesis a short time later.
Previously, some organic compounds (such as urea) had been synthesized in the laboratory as a proof of concept, but d-2-camphanone was a scarce natural product with a worldwide demand.

Komppa realized this.
He began industrial production of d-2-camphanone in Tainionkoski, Finland, in 1907 (with plenty of competition, as Kennedy Duncan reported).

d-2-camphanone can be produced from alpha-pinene, which is abundant in the oils of coniferous trees and can be distilled from turpentine produced as a side product of chemical pulping.
With acetic acid as the solvent and with catalysis by a strong acid, alpha-pinene readily rearranges into camphene, which in turn undergoes Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement into the isobornyl cation, which is captured by acetate to give isobornyl acetate.

Hydrolysis into isoborneol followed by oxidation gives racemic d-2-camphanone.
By contrast, d-2-camphanone occurs naturally as D-d-2-camphanone, the (R)-enantiomer.

Fire Hazard of d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone is flammable/combustible material.
d-2-camphanone may be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.

d-2-camphanone is some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
d-2-camphanone is powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.

d-2-camphanone may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above d-2-camphanone flash point.
d-2-camphanone may re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

Identifiers of d-2-camphanone:
CAS Number:
76-22-2
464-49-3 (R)
464-48-2 (S)

3DMet: B04902
Beilstein Reference: 1907611
ChEBI: CHEBI:36773
ChEMBL: ChEMBL504760

ChemSpider:
2441
7822160 (R)
9655 (S)

DrugBank: DB01744
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.860
EC Number: 200-945-0
Gmelin Reference: 83275
IUPHAR/BPS: 2422
KEGG: D00098
MeSH: Camphor

PubChem CID:
2537
9543187 (R)
10050 (S)

RTECS number: EX1225000

UNII:
5TJD82A1ET
N20HL7Q941 (R)
213N3S8275 (S)

UN number: 2717
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5030955
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
Key: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
Key: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYAK

SMILES:
CC1(C)C2CCC1(C)C(=O)C2
O=C1CC2CCC1(C)C2(C)C

Properties of d-2-camphanone:
Melting point: 175-177 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 204 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.992
Vapor density: 5.2 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 4 mm Hg ( 70 °C)
Refractive index: 1.5462 (estimate)
FEMA: 4513 | dl-CAMPHOR
Fp: 148 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Soluble in acetone, ethanol, diethylether, chloroform and acetic acid.
Form: neat
Color: White or Colorless
Odor: at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. camphoreous
Odor Type: camphoreous
Optical activity: [α]20/D +0.15 to -0.15°, c = 10% in ethanol
Explosive limit: 0.6-4.5%(V)
Water Solubility: 0.12 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Merck: 14,1732
JECFA Number: 2199
BRN: 1907611
Henry's Law Constant: (x 10-5 atm?m3/mol): 3.00 at 20 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure)
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 12 mg/m3 (2 ppm), STEL 18 mg/m3 (3 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 200 mg/m3 (NIOSH).
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, metallic salts, combustible materials, organics.
InChIKey: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-MHPPCMCBSA-N
LogP: 2.38
CAS DataBase Reference: 76-22-2
NIST Chemistry Reference: d-2-camphanone(76-22-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: d-2-camphanone (76-22-2)

Names of d-2-camphanone:

IUPAC Names:
(1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
-bornan-2-one
1,7,7-TRIMETHYL-BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTAN-2-ONE
1,7,7-Trimethyl-Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptan-2-one
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-one
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)-2 heptanone
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-one
1,7,7-Trimethyll-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
1,7.7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
4.7.7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-one
Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptan-2-One, 1,7,7-Trimethyl-
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-
Bornan-2-one
bornan-2-one
CAMPHOR
Camphor
camphor
Camphor
DL-bornan-2-one
Kampfer
D4 SILOXANE

D4 siloxane, also known as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), is a type of siloxane compound.
Siloxanes are a class of chemical compounds that consist of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D4 is a cyclic siloxane containing four silicon atoms and four oxygen atoms in a ring structure.

CAS Number: 556-67-2



APPLICATIONS


D4 siloxane finds extensive use in personal care products, such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, and hair care products, due to its ability to enhance product texture and improve spreadability on the skin and hair.
In cosmetic formulations like foundations and primers, D4 siloxane contributes to a smooth and even application, helping to create a flawless finish.
D4 siloxane is utilized in shampoos, conditioners, and hair serums to provide detangling properties, reduce frizz, and lend a silky feel to the hair.

D4 siloxane is incorporated into moisturizers, creams, and serums, aiding in the absorption of active ingredients while imparting a luxurious and non-greasy texture.
In some cases, it is used in fragrance formulations to improve the delivery and longevity of scents on the skin.
D4 siloxane is integral to the production of silicone polymers and elastomers used across industries, including construction, electronics, and automotive sectors.

Due to its biocompatibility, D4 siloxane is employed in manufacturing medical-grade silicone products like prosthetics, implants, and medical tubing.
It acts as a plasticizer in certain plastic formulations, enhancing flexibility and reducing brittleness.
D4 siloxane is used as a release agent in molding processes to prevent sticking and facilitate the removal of materials from molds.
In specific applications, it serves as a lubricant, reducing friction between surfaces and enhancing their movement.
D4 siloxane can be added to adhesives and sealants to improve workability, resulting in a smoother application and better bonding properties.

D4 siloxane imparts water repellency and stain resistance when applied to fabrics, making it valuable in textile treatments.
In car waxes, polishes, and protectants, it enhances shine, provides water resistance, and improves the overall appearance of vehicles.
Sometimes used in food processing equipment as a defoaming agent or a lubricant due to its properties.

D4 siloxane assists in the processing of rubber and plastics by aiding in the molding and shaping of these materials.
In electronics manufacturing, it can be employed to improve the release of materials from molds or as a lubricant in certain processes.
D4 siloxane is applied as a coating to various surfaces to create a non-stick barrier, preventing materials from adhering.
D4 siloxane can be found in metalworking fluids to improve lubrication and reduce friction during machining processes.

In certain applications, it is used as a defoaming agent to control foam formation, such as in paints and coatings.
D4 siloxane aids in the production of concrete additives that enhance workability and reduce cracking in concrete mixtures.
D4 siloxane is used in some furniture polishes and protectants to create a protective layer on surfaces, preventing damage and enhancing appearance.
D4 siloxane can be incorporated into printing inks to improve flow properties and enhance ink transfer during printing processes.

D4 siloxane can be added to construction materials to improve water resistance and durability of the finished products.
D4 siloxane is used in release liners to facilitate the easy removal of adhesive materials from the backing.
D4 siloxane is employed as an anti-foaming agent in various applications to prevent the excessive formation of foam, aiding in efficient processes.


D4 siloxane, or octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, has a range of applications across various industries due to its unique properties.
Some of its applications include:

Personal Care Products:
D4 siloxane is commonly used as a volatile carrier in personal care products such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, creams, and hair care products.
D4 siloxane imparts a smooth and silky texture and aids in the even distribution of active ingredients.

Cosmetics:
D4 siloxane is employed in cosmetic formulations, including foundations, primers, and makeup products, to enhance spreadability and create a desirable feel on the skin.

Hair Care: D4 siloxane is utilized in hair care products like shampoos, conditioners, and hair serums to provide a smooth and detangling effect while reducing static and frizz.

Skin Care:
In skincare products, it contributes to the luxurious texture of creams, lotions, and moisturizers, making them more easily absorbed by the skin.

Fragrances:
D4 siloxane is sometimes used in fragrance formulations to enhance the delivery of scents and extend their longevity on the skin.

Industrial Applications:
D4 siloxane finds use in industrial applications such as in the production of silicone polymers, resins, and elastomers used in various industries including construction, electronics, and automotive.

Medical Devices:
D4 siloxane is utilized in the manufacturing of medical-grade silicone products, such as prosthetics, implants, and medical tubing, due to its biocompatibility and stability.

Plasticizers:
D4 siloxane can act as a plasticizer in certain plastic formulations, enhancing flexibility and reducing brittleness.

Release Agents:
D4 siloxane is used as a release agent in molding and casting processes to prevent sticking of materials to molds and surfaces.

Lubricants:
In certain applications, D4 siloxane is employed as a lubricant due to its low viscosity and ability to reduce friction.

Adhesives and Sealants:
D4 siloxane can be used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to improve their workability and provide a smoother application.

Textile Treatment:
D4 siloxane can be used as a textile treatment to impart water repellency and stain resistance to fabrics.

Automotive Care:
D4 siloxane is found in some automotive care products, such as car waxes and polishes, to enhance shine and provide water resistance.

Food Contact Applications:
In some instances, D4 siloxane is used in food contact applications as a defoaming agent or lubricant in food processing equipment.

Rubber and Plastics Processing:
D4 siloxane aids in the processing of rubber and plastics, facilitating their molding and shaping.

Electronics:
In electronics manufacturing, it can be used to improve the release of materials from molds or as a lubricant in certain processes.

Cleaning Products:
In some specialized cleaning products, it may be used to help prevent streaking and improve the spreadability of the product.

Polishes and Wax Products:
D4 siloxane can be found in polishes, waxes, and protectants for various surfaces, enhancing their appearance and protective properties.



DESCRIPTION


D4 siloxane, also known as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), is a type of siloxane compound.
Siloxanes are a class of chemical compounds that consist of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D4 is a cyclic siloxane containing four silicon atoms and four oxygen atoms in a ring structure.

Its chemical formula is (CH3)8Si4O4, indicating that it consists of eight methyl groups (CH3) attached to four silicon atoms (Si) and surrounded by four oxygen atoms (O).
The molecular structure forms a stable and symmetrical cyclic ring.

D4 siloxane is commonly used in various industrial applications, including the production of silicone polymers, personal care products, and as an intermediate in the manufacturing of other compounds.
D4 siloxane is often used as a volatile carrier in personal care products such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, and hair care products.

D4 siloxane, scientifically known as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, is a cyclic siloxane compound.
D4 siloxane features a unique ring structure composed of four silicon atoms and four oxygen atoms.

D4 siloxane is characterized by its symmetrical arrangement of eight methyl groups around the ring.
D4 siloxane is a colorless and clear liquid with a mild odor and a relatively low boiling point.
D4 siloxane belongs to the siloxane family, which includes compounds with silicon-oxygen backbones.
D4 siloxane is commonly utilized as a volatile carrier in the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products.
D4 siloxane finds application in antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, and various hair care products.

As a volatile silicone compound, D4 siloxane can impart a smooth and silky feel to skin and hair.
Its ability to evaporate quickly makes it valuable for enhancing product texture and spreadability.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane is known for its non-greasy and non-tacky sensory properties in formulations.
D4 siloxane's cyclic structure contributes to its stability and resistance to oxidation.
D4 siloxane serves as an intermediate in the production of various silicone-based polymers and materials.
In addition to personal care, it finds application in the production of industrial and medical silicone products.

D4 siloxane's volatility allows it to evaporate from skin and hair without leaving a residue.
D4 siloxane is soluble in a range of organic solvents and compatible with other cosmetic ingredients.
While widely used in personal care, it has faced regulatory attention due to potential environmental concerns.
Research has focused on its potential persistence and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems.

The regulatory landscape has led to discussions about its presence and usage in certain formulations.
The use of D4 siloxane has prompted exploration of alternative ingredients and formulations.
Its volatility also makes it useful in various industrial applications, including in the production of plastics.
D4 siloxane's properties make it a versatile ingredient in various consumer and industrial products.
Its presence in formulations contributes to sensory attributes and product performance.

D4 siloxane's chemical structure imparts unique properties, influencing its role in different applications.
While valuable for its applications, its environmental impact remains a topic of ongoing research and discussion.
The diverse uses and characteristics of D4 siloxane underscore its significance in both personal care and industrial contexts.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: (CH3)8Si4O4
Molecular Weight: Approximately 296.6 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Typically odorless, but may have a mild characteristic smell
Boiling Point: Approximately 175-178°C (347-352°F)
Melting Point: Approximately -30°C (-22°F)
Density: Approximately 0.960 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Vapor Pressure: Varies with temperature
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with many organic solvents
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air in an area with good ventilation.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration by trained personnel.
Keep the person calm and at rest during recovery.


Skin Contact:

Quickly remove contaminated clothing and footwear while avoiding further skin exposure.
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
In case of skin irritation or allergic reaction, consult a healthcare professional.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that eyelids are held open.
Remove contact lenses if worn and easily removable during rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or pain persists after flushing.


Ingestion:

If ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid:

Keep the person calm and reassure them during any first aid procedures.
Ensure that the affected person is removed from the exposure source and brought to fresh air if needed.
If any symptoms develop, seek medical attention promptly.
In the case of significant exposure or unusual reactions, contact a medical professional.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Ventilation:
Work with D4 siloxane in a well-ventilated area, such as a chemical fume hood or a space with adequate air exchange, to minimize inhalation exposure.

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, to prevent skin and eye contact.

Avoid Inhalation:
Use respiratory protection, such as a NIOSH-approved organic vapor respirator, if handling in an area with inadequate ventilation or potential for airborne exposure.

No Smoking:
Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in areas where D4 siloxane is being handled.

Ignition Sources:
Keep away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition.
Ensure that equipment used is properly grounded.

Static Electricity:
Prevent the buildup of static electricity by grounding equipment and containers during transfer or handling.

Avoid Contact:
Minimize skin contact by wearing appropriate PPE. In case of contact, promptly wash the affected area with water and remove contaminated clothing.

Work Procedures:
Follow established safe work procedures, such as those outlined in chemical hygiene plans, to minimize risks associated with handling D4 siloxane.


Storage:

Container
Store D4 siloxane in its original labeled container, tightly closed, and properly sealed.
Ensure that containers are in good condition and leak-proof.

Location:
Store containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible substances.

Fire Safety:
Store away from open flames, sparks, and potential sources of ignition.
Keep fire-fighting equipment accessible in the storage area.

Separation:
Store D4 siloxane away from strong oxidizing agents and strong acids to prevent reactions and potential hazards.

Height and Arrangement:
Keep containers of D4 siloxane off the ground on pallets or shelves to prevent contact with water and facilitate inspection.

Leak Prevention:
Store in a designated containment area with suitable spill control measures and absorbent materials in case of leaks or spills.

Temperature:
Store within the temperature range specified by the manufacturer or on the safety data sheet to maintain stability and prevent degradation.

Security:
Store in an area accessible only to authorized personnel who are trained in handling hazardous chemicals.

Monitoring:
Regularly inspect containers for signs of damage, leaks, or deterioration.
Address any issues promptly.

Emergency Equipment:
Keep appropriate fire extinguishing equipment, spill response kits, and personal protective equipment nearby.



SYNONYMS


Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
Cyclic Siloxane
Siloxane D4
Cyclotetrasiloxane
Octamethyl Tetrasiloxane
Cyclohexasiloxane (sometimes used interchangeably)
D4 Silicone
Tetramethyl Cyclotetrasiloxane
Siloxane Compound D4
Tetramethyltetraoxacyclopentasilane
D4 Silicone Fluid
Cyclotetramethyltetrasiloxane
Tetramethyl Tetrasiloxane
Cyclic Dimethylsiloxane
D-400 – Polyoxypropylene diamine MW 400
SYNONYMS Ablebond 342-1 Hardener;Poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether), average Mn ~400, CAS NO:9046-10-0
D5 (CYCLOPENTASILOXANE)
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

CAS: 541-02-6
MF: C10H30O5Si5
MW: 370.77
EINECS: 208-764-9

D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is used in personal care products including skin creams, cosmetics, shampoos, deodorants and conditioners.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is also used in various applications such as industrial cleaning fluids and dry cleaning solvents.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane), also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.

D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Fp: 162 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.959
Color: Colorless
Explosive limit: 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) (541-02-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) (541-02-6)

Uses
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Production and polymerization
Commercially D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) can be removed by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer.
D4 and D5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.

Synonyms
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
541-02-6
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
NUC silicone VS 7158
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Ciclopentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone D5
KF 995
VS 7158
0THT5PCI0R
DTXSID1027184
D5
Dow corning 345
Silicon SF 1202
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
MFCD00046966
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
D5-sil
CCRIS 1328
HSDB 5683
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech]
EINECS 208-764-9
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane
SF 1202
BRN 1800166
C10H30O5Si5
D5 Cyclomethicone
dimethylcyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
JEESILC CPS-211
EC 208-764-9
SCHEMBL28497
N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane
XIAMETER PMX-0245
4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID907184
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
CHEMBL1885178
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI]
CHEBI:191092
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS]
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD]
BCP15826
Tox21_303170
CD3770
KF-995
AKOS008901199
CS-W009767
DB11244
DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI]
NCGC00163981-01
NCGC00257224-01
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5)
AS-59731
CAS-541-02-6
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB]
KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5
D1890
D3770
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)
FT-0665531
D78203
S05475
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard
Q414350
decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #
D5 Cyclomethicone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
D5 CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
D5 Cyclomethicone is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77
EINECS Number: 208-764-9

DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-9, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, D5 Cyclomethicone, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), FT-0665531, NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane.

D5 Cyclomethicone may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.

D5 Cyclomethicone is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
D5 Cyclomethicone is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.
D5 Cyclomethicone is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.

D5 Cyclomethicone evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
D5 Cyclomethicone makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.

D5 Cyclomethicone provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.

D5 Cyclomethicone is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Featured Industries: Pharmaceutical (small molecule)
D5 Cyclomethicone, is a type of silicone commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products.
D5 Cyclomethicone belongs to the class of cyclic siloxanes, specifically a pentamer of the chemical formula (CH3)2SiO.

The "D5" designation refers to its cyclic structure and is often used in product ingredient lists.
D5 Cyclomethicone is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

D5 Cyclomethicone is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
D5 Cyclomethicone is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
D5 Cyclomethicone is considered an emollient.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 Cyclomethicone is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

D5 Cyclomethicone is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, D5 Cyclomethicone means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning D5 Cyclomethicone doesn’t suffocate skin.

D5 Cyclomethicone, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.

The chemical formula for D5 Cyclomethicone is C10H30O5Si5.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
D5 Cyclomethicone gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Further, D5 Cyclomethicone also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
D5 Cyclomethicone has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.

D5 Cyclomethicone is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
D5 Cyclomethicone can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.

D5 Cyclomethicone has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
D5 Cyclomethicone was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristic
D5 Cyclomethicone is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.

Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic D5 Cyclomethicone and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.
D5 Cyclomethicone is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and a pollutant through accumulation and persistence in the environment.

D5 Cyclomethicone is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

D5 Cyclomethicone is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
D5 Cyclomethicone’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
D5 Cyclomethicone is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.

D5 Cyclomethicone doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, D5 Cyclomethicone evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes D5 Cyclomethicone a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

D5 Cyclomethicone also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows D5 Cyclomethicone to spread more easily.
As if the name "D5 Cyclomethicone" wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

D5 Cyclomethicone is described by Robinson as a silicon-based compound, and it's part of a larger category called cyclomethicone.
D5 Cyclomethicone functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.
D5 Cyclomethicone is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.

D5 Cyclomethicone is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
D5 Cyclomethicone also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates quickly when applied to the skin or hair.

This property contributes to a smooth and lightweight feel upon application.
D5 Cyclomethicone enhances the spreadability of cosmetic products and provides a silky, non-greasy texture.
D5 Cyclomethicone helps in the even distribution of other ingredients in formulations.

D5 Cyclomethicone acts as an emollient, imparting a soft and smooth texture to the skin or hair.
D5 Cyclomethicone can improve the appearance of cosmetic formulations, giving them a luxurious and aesthetically pleasing feel.

In hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, D5 Cyclomethicone can contribute to improved manageability, shine, and detangling.
Found in various skincare products like creams and lotions, D5 Cyclomethicone helps in providing a smooth application, and its volatility ensures a non-greasy finish.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Flash point: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.959
explosive limit 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃

D5 Cyclomethicone is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
D5 Cyclomethicone is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and environmental pollutant because it accumulates in the environment and is persistent.
D5 Cyclomethicone works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.

Lacking penetrative powers, D5 Cyclomethicone simply forms a layer over the skin.
D5 Cyclomethicone makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.
D5 Cyclomethicone is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.

D5 Cyclomethicone is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.
D5 Cyclomethicones, are inert synthetic polymers consisting of repeated units of silicon (Si) atoms, oxygen atoms (O), and R organic substituent (R2SiO), occurring in linear or cyclic forms.
Based on their polymer length, particle size, and molecular weights, siloxanes can be categorised into different groups: fluids, elastomers and resins.

D5 Cyclomethicone’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.
D5 Cyclomethicone gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.
Also known as D5 Cyclomethicone, thankfully, it’s often referred to as simply, D5.

D5 Cyclomethicone’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS# 541‐02‐6).
D5 Cyclomethicone is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non‐greasy and non‐stinging.

Due to their varying rates of evaporation, low surface tensions (high spreadability), and non‐greasy feel, D5 Cyclomethicones are used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
Cosmetic applications include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.
D5 Cyclomethicone Fluids are California VOC Exempt and will not contribute to ozone‐ depletion and global warming.

They are being uses as replacements for Non‐VOC compliant petroleum‐bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents where low to medium solvency power is desireable.
Both Cyclo‐2244 and Cyclo‐2245 have comparable evaporation rates to naptha solvents, odorless mineral spirits (OMS) as well as some of the isoparaffinic solvents.
They are compatible with most substates, including metals and plastics.

Renowned for its role in ensuring utmost reliability and consistency in pharmaceutical testing applications, D5 Cyclomethicone stands as a top-quality reference material in diverse verticals including raw material analysis.
Offering outstanding precision, this secondary pharmaceutical standard ensures accurate results, making it an indispensable asset for those seeking excellence in their analytical endeavours.
D5 Cyclomethicone is an ingredient in cosmetic products that is used as an occlusive because it significantly reduces the stickiness of formulations.

D5 Cyclomethicone consists of fully methylated cyclic dimethylpolysiloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), although the exact composition varies.
D5 Cyclomethicone is practically insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohols and other solvents .
D5 Cyclomethicone evaporates easily, even from cosmetics, without cooling or causing any discomfort. D 4 is classified as a hazardous substance due to suspected reproductive toxic effects .

D4 and D5 Cyclomethicone are difficult to degrade and accumulate in living organisms (bioaccumulating).
With D4 and D5 Cyclomethicone, there is a risk that they will find their way into the human organism through inhalation as a volatile substance from cosmetics.

A layer of D 4 on the skin evaporates within 30 minutes at 25 °C and in 10 minutes at 37 °C.
D5 Cyclomethiconewas introduced into cosmetics in 1978.

Uses:
D5 Cyclomethicone is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and D5 Cyclomethicone are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
D5 Cyclomethicone used in cosmetic and personal care products.
D5 Cyclomethicone used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
D5 Cyclomethicone is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and D5 Cyclomethicone are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
D5 Cyclomethicone is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
A base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rub-out and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.
Can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, skin creams, lotions, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, nail polishes.

D5 Cyclomethicone are also known to repel water and glide easily.
D5 Cyclomethicone is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.

D5 Cyclomethicone can help detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.
Employed as an antifoaming agent in various industrial processes where foam formation needs to be controlled.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in certain adhesive and sealant formulations to improve spreading and application properties.

Included in leather care products such as polishes and conditioners for its conditioning and shining properties.
Found in certain household and cleaning products to enhance the formulation's spreadability and texture.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in certain automotive care products like dashboard polishes and interior cleaners for its smoothing and conditioning effects.

Employed in certain industrial lubricants for its lubricating properties.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the production of polymers and plastics to improve processing and molding properties.
Included in certain paint and coating formulations for its ability to enhance the texture and application of the product.

D5 Cyclomethicone is used in some electronic and electrical insulation materials for its dielectric properties.
Applied as a release agent in molding processes to facilitate the easy removal of molded products.
D5 Cyclomethicone sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.

D5 Cyclomethicone may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.
D5 Cyclomethicone’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
D5 Cyclomethicone is classified as a cyclomethicone.

Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
D5 Cyclomethicone is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
D5 Cyclomethicone is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.

D5 Cyclomethicone is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 Cyclomethicone is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.

Atmospheric emissions of D5 Cyclomethicone in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Found in moisturizers, creams, and lotions to provide a smooth and silky texture.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in anti-aging products to improve the spreadability and application of active ingredients.

Included in shampoos and conditioners to enhance manageability, detangling, and shine.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in styling products such as serums and hair sprays for a lightweight, non-greasy finish.
Found in various cosmetics, including foundations, primers, and concealers, to improve texture and blendability.

D5 Cyclomethicone is used in lip products for a smooth application.
Included in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product and provide a pleasant feel on the skin.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in formulations to improve the texture and application of deodorant products.

Found in certain pharmaceutical formulations and medical creams for its emollient properties.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in various industrial applications where a silicone with specific properties is required.
May be found in certain household products for its lubricating and water-repelling characteristics.

Applied in textile finishing processes to enhance fabric softness and improve the feel of textiles.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in certain personal lubricants for its smooth and non-sticky properties.
Included in certain automotive and metal polishes to improve the application and shine.

Safety Profile:
The environmental impacts of D5 Cyclomethicone and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane D5 does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, "the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant."

However, in the European Union, D5 Cyclomethicone was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.
Since 31 January 2020, D5 Cyclomethicone cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in wash-off cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight.


D5 SILOXANE


"D5 siloxane" refers to a specific chemical compound known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, often abbreviated as D5.
D5 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, which are compounds containing alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D5 siloxane is characterized by its cyclic structure containing five silicon atoms and five oxygen atoms.

CAS Number: 541-02-6



APPLICATIONS


D5 siloxane finds extensive use in the personal care and cosmetics industry, where it contributes to the formulation of products such as lotions, creams, and sunscreens.
D5 siloxane is valued for its ability to enhance the spreadability of products on the skin, creating a smooth and luxurious texture.
In hair care products like shampoos and conditioners, D5 siloxane imparts a silky feel to the hair while helping to detangle and reduce frizz.

D5 siloxane is utilized in antiperspirants and deodorants, contributing to the even distribution of active ingredients and enhancing sensory properties.
D5 siloxane's volatility makes it a valuable ingredient in personal care products, as it evaporates quickly upon application, leaving a non-greasy feel.
In cosmetics, D5 siloxane contributes to the even application of makeup, helping to create a flawless and smooth finish on the skin.

D5 siloxane is incorporated into sunscreens to improve the product's spreadability and adherence to the skin, enhancing the effectiveness of UV protection.
D5 siloxane serves as a key component in the formulation of silicone-based foundations and primers, providing a comfortable and uniform application.
Beyond personal care, D5 siloxane is integral to industrial applications, particularly in the production of silicone polymers and elastomers.
Its compatibility with a wide range of materials makes it valuable in adhesives, sealants, and coatings used in construction and manufacturing.

In electronics and electrical applications, D5 siloxane's excellent dielectric properties make it suitable for use as an insulating material.
It can be found in the production of textiles, where its properties are harnessed to impart water repellency and improve fabric performance.
D5 siloxane plays a role in the production of silicone-based lubricants, contributing to their smooth and low-friction characteristics.

In automotive care products, such as car waxes and polishes, it enhances the appearance of vehicles while providing water resistance.
D5 siloxane is used in the manufacturing of medical devices and implants, owing to its biocompatibility and stability.
D5 siloxane can be found in electrical insulating materials, gaskets, and O-rings used in various industrial applications.
D5 siloxane aids in the production of release agents for molding and casting processes, preventing materials from adhering to molds.
D5 siloxane's unique properties make it valuable in the formulation of industrial coatings that require smooth application and non-stick properties.

D5 siloxane contributes to the production of defoamers used in various industries, such as food processing, to control excessive foam formation.
D5 siloxane's thermal stability and resistance to oxidation make it useful in high-temperature applications like automotive components.
In the field of textiles, D5 siloxane can be applied as a water repellent treatment to fabrics for outdoor and sportswear applications.
D5 siloxane is employed in the production of household products like furniture polishes and protectants, enhancing surface appearance and protection.

D5 siloxane can be found in cosmetic and personal care products that are designed to provide long-lasting effects due to its persistence on the skin.
D5 siloxane's compatibility with various chemicals and materials allows it to play a role in various manufacturing processes and applications.
The wide range of applications showcases the versatility of D5 siloxane, spanning from personal care to industrial sectors, where its unique properties contribute to enhanced performance and functionality.

D5 siloxane is used in the production of silicone-based gels and serums in the cosmetics industry, providing a silky and non-greasy texture.
D5 siloxane is incorporated into body lotions and moisturizers, where its rapid evaporation helps prevent a heavy or sticky feeling on the skin.

D5 siloxane's ability to create a smooth film on the skin makes it an essential ingredient in primers, improving the adherence of makeup.
In nail polish formulations, it helps achieve even coverage and a glossy finish, enhancing the appearance and longevity of nail colors.
D5 siloxane is used in the formulation of antifungal creams and ointments, helping to improve the delivery of active ingredients to the skin.

D5 siloxane is added to some acne treatment products to enhance the spreadability and penetration of medicated ingredients.
D5 siloxane is a key ingredient in sunless tanning products, contributing to the even application and absorption of tanning agents.
In hair styling products like serums and leave-in conditioners, it imparts shine and controls frizz while maintaining a lightweight feel.

D5 siloxane is utilized in silicone-based lubricants and intimate care products due to its smooth and non-irritating properties.
D5 siloxane's resistance to extreme temperatures and stability make it suitable for use in automotive and aerospace applications.
In the electronics industry, D5 siloxane is employed as a component in thermal interface materials to enhance heat dissipation.

D5 siloxane is found in silicone-based adhesives used in construction and electronics for their strong bonding properties and flexibility.
D5 siloxane contributes to the formulation of air and water-resistant coatings for fabrics used in outdoor and performance clothing.

In the medical field, D5 siloxane is used as a lubricant for medical devices, such as catheters, to ease insertion and minimize discomfort.
D5 siloxane's properties make it valuable in the production of contact lens solutions, contributing to lens comfort and clarity.
In the automotive industry, it is used in car care products like wheel cleaners to remove dirt and grime without damaging surfaces.
D5 siloxane is applied to cutting tools in metalworking to reduce friction and improve cutting efficiency.

D5 siloxane is used in the production of silicone-based impression materials for dental applications, aiding in accurate dental impressions.
In the food industry, D5 siloxane may be employed as a defoaming agent in food processing to control foam formation.

D5 siloxane contributes to the formulation of release agents used in the production of rubber and plastic products to prevent sticking.
D5 siloxane can be found in some ink formulations, enhancing the flow properties of the ink during printing processes.
D5 siloxane is used in the manufacturing of insulating materials for electrical equipment, contributing to their dielectric properties.

D5 siloxane is employed as a smoothing agent in the production of leather goods to enhance their surface appearance.
In the textile industry, it can be found in treatments for flame-resistant fabrics, improving their protective properties.
The compound's compatibility with a variety of ingredients and materials enables its integration into numerous applications, showcasing its versatility and value across industries.



DESCRIPTION


"D5 siloxane" refers to a specific chemical compound known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, often abbreviated as D5.
D5 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, which are compounds containing alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D5 siloxane is characterized by its cyclic structure containing five silicon atoms and five oxygen atoms.

Its chemical formula is (CH3)10Si5O5, indicating the presence of ten methyl groups (CH3) attached to five silicon atoms (Si) and surrounded by five oxygen atoms (O).
This arrangement forms a stable and symmetrical ring structure.

D5 siloxane, scientifically known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, is a cyclic siloxane compound with widespread industrial and consumer applications.
D5 siloxane is distinguished by its symmetrical arrangement of ten methyl groups surrounding a ring structure composed of five silicon atoms and five oxygen atoms.

D5 siloxane belongs to the family of siloxanes, characterized by alternating silicon and oxygen atoms in their molecular structure.
Its chemical formula, (CH3)10Si5O5, reflects the presence of ten methyl (CH3) groups attached to five silicon (Si) atoms embedded in a stable cyclic arrangement.
D5 siloxane appears as a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, characteristic odor.
With a boiling point around 210-215°C, D5 siloxane's volatility allows it to evaporate readily under normal conditions.

D5 siloxane is valued for its low viscosity and ability to form a smooth, non-greasy film on surfaces.
Its cyclic structure imparts unique characteristics that make it suitable for various applications across industries.
D5 siloxane is extensively utilized in personal care and cosmetic products due to its ability to enhance product texture and spreadability.

D5 siloxane can be found in cosmetics, lotions, creams, hair care products, and sunscreens, where it contributes to a luxurious feel on the skin.
In industrial settings, D5 siloxane serves as a crucial component in the production of silicone polymers, elastomers, and sealants.

D5 siloxane exhibits excellent dielectric properties, making it valuable for electronics and electrical applications.
D5 siloxane's compatibility with a range of materials and its thermal stability contribute to its use in various formulations.
Its cyclic structure enhances stability, and its lack of reactive groups contributes to its non-reactive nature.

D5 siloxane's volatility allows it to evaporate quickly from skin and hair, leaving behind a silky, non-greasy feel.
Its ability to spread easily on surfaces makes it beneficial in formulations where even distribution is desired.
While widely used, D5 siloxane has been the subject of regulatory attention due to potential environmental concerns.

Research has focused on its potential persistence and potential effects on aquatic ecosystems.
As a result, discussions and regulations have arisen regarding its presence and use in certain products.
Efforts are being made to explore alternative ingredients and formulations in response to regulatory considerations.
Its versatility extends to various industrial applications, including rubber and plastic processing, textiles, and adhesives.

D5 siloxane's properties have led to its integration in products designed to enhance appearance and performance.
Its applications span from personal care to industrial sectors, where its characteristics play a significant role.
D5 siloxane's cyclic structure contributes to its unique attributes and its role as a building block in various formulations.
The balance between D5 siloxane's desirable properties and environmental considerations underscores its multifaceted presence in diverse applications.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: (CH3)10Si5O5
Molecular Weight: Approximately 370.8 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
Boiling Point: Approximately 210-215°C (410-419°F)
Melting Point: Approximately -60°C (-76°F)
Density: Approximately 0.960 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Vapor Pressure: Varies with temperature
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with many organic solvents
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If D5 siloxane is inhaled and respiratory irritation occurs, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration by trained personnel.
Keep the person calm and at rest during recovery.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and footwear to prevent further skin exposure.
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
In case of skin irritation or allergic reaction, consult a healthcare professional.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that eyelids are held open.
Remove contact lenses if worn and easily removable during rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or pain persists after flushing.


Ingestion:

If D5 siloxane is accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide information about the ingested substance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Ventilation:
Work with D5 siloxane in a well-ventilated area, such as a chemical fume hood or a space with good air circulation, to minimize inhalation exposure.

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, to prevent skin and eye contact.

Avoid Inhalation:
Use respiratory protection, such as a NIOSH-approved organic vapor respirator, if handling in an area with inadequate ventilation or potential for airborne exposure.

No Smoking:
Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in areas where D5 siloxane is being handled.

Ignition Sources:
Keep away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition.
Ensure that equipment used is properly grounded.

Static Electricity:
Prevent the buildup of static electricity by grounding equipment and containers during transfer or handling.

Avoid Contact:
Minimize skin contact by wearing appropriate PPE.
In case of contact, promptly wash the affected area with water and remove contaminated clothing.

Work Procedures:
Follow established safe work procedures, such as those outlined in chemical hygiene plans, to minimize risks associated with handling D5 siloxane.


Storage:

Container:
Store D5 siloxane in its original labeled container, tightly closed, and properly sealed.
Ensure that containers are in good condition and leak-proof.

Location:
Store containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible substances.

Fire Safety:
Store away from open flames, sparks, and potential sources of ignition.
Keep fire-fighting equipment accessible in the storage area.

Separation:
Store D5 siloxane away from strong oxidizing agents and strong acids to prevent reactions and potential hazards.

Height and Arrangement:
Keep containers of D5 siloxane off the ground on pallets or shelves to prevent contact with water and facilitate inspection.

Leak Prevention:
Store in a designated containment area with suitable spill control measures and absorbent materials in case of leaks or spills.

Temperature:
Store within the temperature range specified by the manufacturer or on the safety data sheet to maintain stability and prevent degradation.

Security:
Store in an area accessible only to authorized personnel who are trained in handling hazardous chemicals.



SYNONYMS


Decamethylpentacyclopentasiloxane
Cyclic Siloxane D5
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Compound
D5 Silicone
Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane

D6 (CYCLOHEXASILOXANE)
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is a cationic surfactant that has been shown to have excellent water solubility.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is used in wastewater treatment as an alternative to chlorinated surfactants.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is also used as a component of cationic polymerization, which is a process that creates polymers by the condensation of monomers with active hydrogen atoms on each monomer.

CAS: 540-97-6
MF: C12H36O6Si6
MW: 444.92
EINECS: 208-762-8

The uptake assay was developed by reacting D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) with boron nitride and measuring the release rate of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS).
This reaction mechanism can be used to measure the rate of uptake for any other compound class.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) has been shown to cause lung damage in CD-1 mice when inhaled at concentrations between 100 and 1000 ppm for six hours per day, five days per week.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) belonging to the class of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes is identified as a potent environmental contaminant, most prominently found in biota, biosolid samples, soil, sediment samples, wastewaters, etc.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) are used as fragrance carriers or solvents in household products, personal care products, cleaning agents and as precursors in the manufacture of silicone polymers.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is an organosilicon compound.

D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -3°C
Boiling point: 245 °C
Density: 0,959 g/cm3
Vapor pressure: 4.7Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.4015
Fp: >76°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: liquid
Color: Colourless
Specific Gravity: 0.9672
Odor: at 100.00%. odorless
Water Solubility: 5.1μg/L at 23℃
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,3403
Stability: Hygroscopic
LogP: 8.87 at 23.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 540-97-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) (540-97-6)

Uses
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is a silicone-based emollient.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) used in cosmetic and personal care products. Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) used in cosmetic and personal care products, D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) can be used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Synonyms
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE
540-97-6
Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 6
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxa-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexasilacyclododecane
XHK3U310BA
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
EINECS 208-762-8
UNII-XHK3U310BA
HSDB 7723
EC 208-762-8
dodecamethyl cyclohexasiloxane
SCHEMBL93785
XIAMETER PMX-0246
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE [INCI]
DTXSID6027183
IUMSDRXLFWAGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-
CHEBI:191103
IUMSDRXLFWAGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CYCLOMETHICONE 6 [USP-RS]
MFCD00144215
AKOS015839990
FS-5671
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE [MI]
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE [HSDB]
D2040
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE [WHO-DD]
FT-0625566
S08515
T71035
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, analytical standard
A914553
Q27293843
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane #
Cyclohexasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl-
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, 95%
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, AldrichCPR
Cyclomethicone 6, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxa-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa
D-6
InChI=1/C12H36O6Si6/c1-19(2)13-20(3,4)15-22(7,8)17-24(11,12)18-23(9,10)16-21(5,6)14-19/h1-12H3
D6 SILOXANE

"D6 siloxane" refers to a specific chemical compound known as dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane or simply D6.
Like D4 and D5 siloxanes, D6 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, which consists of compounds containing alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D6 siloxane is characterized by its cyclic structure containing six silicon atoms and six oxygen atoms.
Its chemical formula is (CH3)12Si6O6, reflecting the presence of twelve methyl groups (CH3) attached to six silicon atoms (Si) and surrounded by six oxygen atoms (O).

CAS Number: 540-97-6



APPLICATIONS


D6 siloxane plays a pivotal role in the personal care and cosmetics industry, contributing to the formulation of a variety of skin and hair care products.
Its inclusion in lotions, creams, and serums enhances the texture, providing a luxurious and smooth feel on the skin's surface.
In hair care products like shampoos and conditioners, D6 siloxane imparts a healthy shine to hair strands while minimizing frizz and tangles.
The cosmetics industry benefits from D6 siloxane's ability to create a seamless application experience, offering a polished and even finish.

Its presence in sunscreens ensures better distribution and adherence of active ingredients on the skin, improving overall sun protection effectiveness.
Industrial applications harness the stability and compatibility of D6 siloxane in the production of silicone polymers, elastomers, and sealants.
D6 siloxane's versatility extends to industrial coatings, adhesives, and sealants, enhancing performance and functionality in various applications.

In the realm of electronics, D6 siloxane's excellent dielectric properties position it as an essential insulating material in electrical components.
Outdoor and sportswear fabrics benefit from D6 siloxane's water repellency treatment, enhancing their resistance to moisture and maintaining comfort.

The medical field utilizes D6 siloxane's biocompatibility in the manufacturing of medical devices, implants, and certain healthcare products.
Automotive care products utilize its properties to enhance the appearance of vehicles while providing protection against environmental factors.
D6 siloxane contributes to the uniform distribution of active ingredients in antiperspirants and deodorants, optimizing their effectiveness.

Hair styling products such as serums and leave-in conditioners utilize its smoothing and conditioning effects for manageable and lustrous hair.
Its incorporation in silicone-based lubricants provides friction reduction and temperature resistance, making it suitable for various applications.
Across industries, D6 siloxane serves as a defoaming agent, effectively controlling foam formation during different processes.

Adhesives and sealants benefit from D6 siloxane's compatibility with a range of materials, enhancing their bonding properties and durability.
In textiles, D6 siloxane contributes to flame-resistant fabrics, enhancing fire-resistant properties for safety in various environments.
Its role in industrial coatings ensures a smooth application process and non-stick properties, improving surface appearance and performance.

D6 siloxane is found in release agents used in molding and casting processes, preventing materials from adhering to molds.
D6 siloxane's application extends to the automotive industry, enhancing components' appearance and providing protection against wear.
D6 siloxane enhances the efficiency of metalworking processes by reducing friction and improving the performance of cutting tools.
D6 siloxane is utilized as a water repellent treatment in the textile industry, extending the lifespan and functionality of fabrics.

Some ink formulations incorporate D6 siloxane for improved flow properties, enhancing printing performance and quality.
D6 siloxane's presence in defoamers used in the food industry helps control excessive foam formation during food processing.
Its widespread applications underline D6 siloxane's versatility, providing improved performance, aesthetics, and protection across industries.

D6 siloxane is an integral component in the formulation of various leave-on and rinse-off personal care products, contributing to their sensory appeal and effectiveness.
Its presence in body lotions and moisturizers enhances skin hydration and provides a soft, non-greasy feel upon application.
In hair care, D6 siloxane imparts a silky texture to hair products, making hair easier to comb and style while reducing static.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with pigments and fillers makes it valuable in cosmetics, where it aids in achieving even color distribution and a smooth finish.
Sunscreen formulations benefit from D6 siloxane's ability to improve product spreadability, ensuring uniform coverage and better protection against UV rays.

Its use in the production of silicone polymers and elastomers extends to the creation of medical-grade silicone components used in healthcare and medical devices.
The construction industry utilizes D6 siloxane in sealants, adhesives, and coatings due to its ability to bond with various surfaces and maintain durability.
D6 siloxane's dielectric properties make it indispensable in electrical insulation applications, contributing to the reliability of electronic devices and systems.
Sports and outdoor apparel manufacturers apply D6 siloxane to fabrics, rendering them water-resistant while allowing breathability and comfort.
Its biocompatibility and stability in medical devices, such as catheters and implants, ensure patient safety and reliable performance in healthcare settings.

D6 siloxane's protective qualities extend to automotive wax formulations, enhancing vehicle appearance and safeguarding against environmental contaminants.
D6 siloxane's role in antiperspirants ensures uniform distribution of active ingredients, providing effective sweat control throughout the day.
In hair serums and leave-in conditioners, D6 siloxane contributes to detangling, frizz control, and a smooth, glossy finish.
Its use in automotive care products like tire shine and vinyl protectants helps maintain the appearance of vehicle interiors and exteriors.
D6 siloxane's presence in thermal interface materials aids in efficient heat dissipation, enhancing the performance of electronic components.

In the production of textiles, D6 siloxane-treated fabrics resist staining and soiling, making them suitable for a variety of applications.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with other ingredients enables the creation of air and water-resistant coatings for fabrics used in extreme conditions.
D6 siloxane's non-stick properties are harnessed in food processing equipment, ensuring efficient production and preventing food build-up.

Its use in ink formulations helps achieve consistent flow and improved print quality, especially in high-speed printing processes.
D6 siloxane's low surface tension is utilized in inkjet printing, promoting precise droplet placement and enhancing print resolution.
Its addition to leather care products imparts a soft, conditioned feel to leather goods, enhancing their aesthetic and tactile qualities.
D6 siloxane's presence in automotive coatings offers UV protection and resistance to environmental factors, preserving vehicle appearance.
D6 siloxane is employed as a smoothing agent in the production of paper and cardboard, improving their surface quality and printability.
Its inclusion in defoamers used in the manufacturing of food and beverages ensures consistent product quality and production efficiency.

The adaptability of D6 siloxane to various applications underscores its role in enhancing aesthetics, functionality, and performance across diverse industries.

In facial skincare products, D6 siloxane contributes to a smooth and even makeup application by minimizing the appearance of fine lines and pores.
Its use in hair serums adds a protective layer that shields hair from environmental stressors, enhancing overall hair health.

D6 siloxane's water-repellent properties are harnessed in raincoats and outdoor gear, ensuring wearers stay dry in wet conditions.
D6 siloxane's role in antifungal coatings contributes to preventing the growth of fungi and molds on surfaces, particularly in humid environments.
In the electronics industry, D6 siloxane aids in encapsulating electronic components, protecting them from moisture and environmental factors.

D6 siloxane is used in textile treatments for bed linens, offering a soft and comfortable feel while also providing water resistance.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with fragrances in perfumes and colognes ensures the longevity of scent on the skin.
In automotive engine oils, D6 siloxane improves lubrication, reducing friction and enhancing fuel efficiency.
Its presence in defoamers used in the production of beverages prevents excessive foaming, ensuring accurate product packaging and filling.

D6 siloxane's hydrophobic properties find application in marine coatings, preventing biofouling and corrosion on ship hulls.
D6 siloxane is employed in wound care products to create a protective barrier that shields wounds from contaminants while allowing air circulation.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with natural fibers is valuable in enhancing the durability and stain resistance of clothing.

In polymer manufacturing, it serves as a processing aid, improving the flow properties of materials during production.
D6 siloxane's presence in air fresheners helps deliver a consistent and long-lasting fragrance experience in indoor spaces.
D6 siloxane contributes to the production of flexible electronics by encapsulating and protecting delicate components from environmental factors.

Its use in specialty coatings for solar panels enhances energy efficiency by minimizing dust accumulation and maximizing light absorption.
D6 siloxane's use in automotive tire dressings adds a glossy finish to tires while also protecting against cracking and fading.
D6 siloxane plays a role in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems by improving the efficiency of heat exchange processes.
D6 siloxane's lubricating properties find application in the production of medical devices such as catheters and surgical instruments.
In the manufacturing of molded plastic products, it aids in the release of items from molds, ensuring smooth and efficient production.

D6 siloxane's compatibility with a wide range of materials is leveraged in the production of flexible packaging materials for food products.
D6 siloxane's use in industrial coatings contributes to the longevity of structures by protecting them from environmental wear and tear.

D6 siloxane aids in the creation of flexible and transparent films used in displays, touchscreens, and electronic devices.
D6 siloxane's role in ink formulations helps maintain consistent print quality and color vibrancy in various printing applications.
Its adaptability and versatility continue to drive innovation across industries, showcasing its importance in enhancing product performance, aesthetics, and functionality.


D6 siloxane (dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane) has a range of applications across industries due to its unique properties.
Here are some of its applications:

Personal Care Products:
D6 siloxane is used in various personal care products such as lotions, creams, and serums.
D6 siloxane enhances the texture of these products, providing a smooth and luxurious feel on the skin.

Hair Care:
In hair care products like shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, D6 siloxane imparts shine, reduces frizz, and improves manageability.

Cosmetics:
D6 siloxane is employed in cosmetics like foundations, primers, and lip products to create a smooth application, even texture, and long-lasting finish.

Sunscreen Formulations:
D6 siloxane enhances the spreadability and adherence of active ingredients in sunscreens, contributing to better UV protection coverage.

Industrial Applications:
D6 siloxane is used in the production of silicone polymers, elastomers, and sealants.
Its stability and compatibility with various materials make it valuable in industrial coatings, adhesives, and other applications.

Electronics:
D6 siloxane's excellent dielectric properties make it suitable for electronics as an insulating material in capacitors, transformers, and other components.

Textiles:
D6 siloxane is applied to textiles to provide water repellency and enhance the performance of fabrics used in outdoor and sportswear.

Medical Devices:
D6 siloxane's biocompatibility and stability make it suitable for use in medical devices and implants.

Automotive Care:
In car care products like waxes and polishes, it enhances the appearance of vehicles while providing water resistance.

Antiperspirants and Deodorants:
D6 siloxane contributes to the even distribution of active ingredients in antiperspirants and deodorants.

Hair Styling:
D6 siloxane is found in hair serums, leave-in conditioners, and styling products for its smoothing and conditioning effects.

Lubricants:
D6 siloxane is used in silicone-based lubricants for its low friction properties and resistance to extreme temperatures.

Defoamers:
D6 siloxane can be used as a defoaming agent in various industries to control foam formation in processes.

Adhesives and Sealants:
D6 siloxane's compatibility with different materials makes it valuable in adhesive and sealant formulations.

Textile Industry:
D6 siloxane is applied as a water repellent treatment to fabrics, enhancing their water resistance.

Release Agents:
D6 siloxane aids in the production of release agents for molding and casting processes, preventing materials from adhering to molds.

Flame-Resistant Fabrics:
D6 siloxane is used to enhance the flame-resistant properties of textiles in applications requiring fire resistance.

Industrial Coatings:
D6 siloxane contributes to the formulation of coatings for industrial applications, providing smooth application and non-stick properties.

Automotive Industry:
D6 siloxane is used in automotive components and care products, contributing to appearance and protection.

Metalworking:
D6 siloxane is applied to cutting tools to reduce friction and improve cutting efficiency in metalworking processes.



DESCRIPTION


"D6 siloxane" refers to a specific chemical compound known as dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane or simply D6.
Like D4 and D5 siloxanes, D6 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, which consists of compounds containing alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D6 siloxane is characterized by its cyclic structure containing six silicon atoms and six oxygen atoms.
Its chemical formula is (CH3)12Si6O6, reflecting the presence of twelve methyl groups (CH3) attached to six silicon atoms (Si) and surrounded by six oxygen atoms (O).

D6 siloxane, scientifically known as dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, is a cyclic siloxane compound with a distinct chemical structure.
D6 siloxane stands out due to its ring structure composed of six silicon atoms and six oxygen atoms, surrounded by twelve methyl groups.
D6 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, characterized by alternating silicon and oxygen atoms in its molecular framework.

Its chemical formula, (CH3)12Si6O6, highlights the presence of twelve methyl (CH3) groups attached to six silicon (Si) atoms in a stable cyclic arrangement.
D6 siloxane's appearance is that of a clear and colorless liquid, often used in various industrial and consumer applications.
D6 siloxane exhibits a mild and characteristic odor, distinguishing it when encountered.
With a boiling point around 250-260°C, D6 siloxane is a relatively volatile compound that can evaporate under typical conditions.

The versatility of D6 siloxane stems from its ability to form a smooth, non-greasy film on surfaces, making it valuable in various formulations.
Its cyclic structure lends it unique attributes, contributing to its suitability in a range of applications across industries.
D6 siloxane is employed in personal care products like lotions and creams, where it enhances product texture and spreadability.

D6 siloxane's inclusion in hair care products assists in improving hair manageability and reducing frizz.
In cosmetics, D6 siloxane contributes to even product application and enhances the aesthetic qualities of makeup.
D6 siloxane is utilized in sunscreen formulations to improve product spreadability and adherence, enhancing the effectiveness of UV protection.
D6 siloxane finds a place in industrial applications, particularly in the production of silicone polymers and elastomers.

Its compatibility with various materials makes it valuable in adhesives, sealants, and coatings used in manufacturing and construction.
D6 siloxane's excellent dielectric properties render it suitable for electronics and electrical applications.
D6 siloxane's unique characteristics contribute to its use in a wide range of formulations across industries.
Its cyclic structure imparts stability, and its low reactivity makes it valuable in various applications.

While valued for its versatility, D6 siloxane has also been subject to regulatory attention due to potential environmental concerns.
Studies have investigated its potential persistence and effects on ecosystems, leading to discussions about its use and impact.
The regulatory landscape has prompted exploration of alternatives and considerations for its presence in certain products.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with different materials extends to various industrial applications, including rubber and plastics.

D6 siloxane plays a role in enhancing both appearance and performance in products spanning from personal care to industrial sectors.
D6 siloxane's cyclic structure is a key factor in its unique attributes, contributing to its versatility in diverse applications.
The interplay between D6 siloxane's properties and regulatory considerations underscores its multifaceted presence and importance across industries.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: C12H36O6Si6
Molecular Weight: Approximately 492.8 g/mol
Appearance: Clear and colorless liquid
Odor: Characteristic mild odor
Melting Point: Approximately -46°C (-51°F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 215-217°C (419-423°F)
Density: Approximately 0.960 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents like alkanes, alcohols, and ethers
Vapor Pressure: Relatively volatile with a vapor pressure of about 0.02 kPa at 25°C (77°F)
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If the person is not breathing, perform artificial respiration while seeking medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water.
Wash thoroughly with soap and water to remove any residue from the skin.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical attention.
Obtain medical advice for persistent skin irritation.


Eye Contact:

If D6 siloxane comes into contact with the eyes, gently rinse the eyes with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
If irritation persists or if there is any visual impairment, seek immediate medical attention.


Ingestion:

If ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical professionals.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Ventilation:
Use D6 siloxane in well-ventilated areas to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
Employ local exhaust ventilation if necessary to maintain air quality.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.

Avoid Contact:
Prevent skin, eye, and inhalation exposure to D6 siloxane.
Use splash-resistant safety goggles or face shields to protect the eyes.

Hygiene:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
Refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking while working with the substance.

Ignition Sources:
Keep D6 siloxane away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition, as it may be flammable under certain conditions.

Static Electricity:
Take precautions to prevent static electricity buildup, as it could lead to ignition.
Grounding equipment may be necessary.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriate containers made of materials resistant to D6 siloxane.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent leakage.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the name of the substance, hazard information, and storage instructions.


Storage:

Location:
Store D6 siloxane in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain a consistent temperature to prevent fluctuations.

Compatibility:
Store D6 siloxane away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases.

Ignition Sources:
Avoid storing near open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition, as the compound can be flammable under certain conditions.

Container Integrity:
Ensure storage containers are in good condition and properly sealed to prevent leaks or spills.

Separation:
Store D6 siloxane separately from food and beverages to prevent accidental contamination.

Access Control:
Limit access to authorized personnel with proper training in handling and storage of chemical substances.

Fire Protection:
Store away from fire extinguishers, fire alarms, and firefighting equipment to prevent accidental discharge during an emergency.

Regulatory Compliance:
Adhere to local, national, and international regulations and guidelines for the storage of chemical substances.



SYNONYMS


Cyclotetrasiloxane
Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
Cyclohexasiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (sometimes used interchangeably)
D6 silicone
D6 silane
Siloxane D6
Siloxane-6
Siloxane-6 (Decamethylcyclohexasiloxane)
L4 siloxane
HMCTS (Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane)
D6 cyclic siloxane
Siloxane cyclic D6
D6 silicone fluid
Cyclic siloxane D6
Silicone oil D6
Decamethylcyclohexasiloxane
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane
D6 polydimethylsiloxane
Siloxane fluid D6
Cyclohexasilane
Siloxane 6-12
D6 siloxane compound
D6 cyclosiloxane
Decamethylcyclohexasilane
Siloxane 6-12
Siloxane cyclic D6
Hexamethyltrisiloxane
L4 cyclic siloxane
Octamethyltetrasiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane
D6 dimethylsiloxane
HMCT
Cyclotrisiloxane
Siloxane compound D6
Siloxane derivative D6
Siloxane hexamer
Siloxane tetramer
Decamethylcyclohexasilazane
Cyclohexasilazane
D6 silazane
Siloxane D6 polymer
Siloxane oil D6
D6 silicone compound
D6 silicone derivative
Cyclohexakis(dimethylsiloxy)silane
Decamethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane
D6 polysiloxane
Siloxane D6 fluid
Siloxane cyclic compound D6
Cyclic hexamethyltrisiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
D6 cyclohexasiloxane
Siloxane cyclic hexamer
Siloxane 6-membered ring
Octamethylcyclohexasiloxane
Cyclohexasiloxane derivative
D6 polysilicone
Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxatridecane
Hexakis(dimethylsiloxy)cyclotrisiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasilicane
D6 cyclotrisilazane
Hexamethylcyclotrisilazane
Decamethylcyclotrisilazane
Dodecamethylcyclotrisilazane
Siloxane hexamer D6
Siloxane 6-ring compound
Siloxane cyclic polymer D6
D6 cyclohexasilicone
Hexamethylcyclo-trisiloxane derivative
Dodecamethylcyclo-hexasilazane
Siloxane 6-membered ring polymer
D6 hexamethylcyclohexasiloxane
DABCO 33-LV CATALYST
DABCO 33-LV is a strong urethane reaction (gelation) catalyst for multipurpose use.
DABCO 33-LV is 33% triethylenediamine and 67% dipropylene glycol.
DABCO 33-LV offers low viscosity.

CAS: 280-57-9
MF: C6H12N2
MW: 112.17
EINECS: 205-999-9

DABCO 33-LV is used in adhesive and sealant applications.
DABCO 33-LV is a 33% TEDA dissolved in dipropylene glycol.
Used in the synthesis of prepolymers and curing of polyurethanes.
DABCO 33-LV, also known as triethylenediamine or TEDA, is a bicyclic organic compound with the formula N2(C2H4)3.
This colorless solid is a highly nucleophilic tertiary amine base, which is used as a catalyst and reagent in polymerization and organic synthesis.

DABCO 33-LV is similar in structure to quinuclidine, but the latter has one of the nitrogen atoms replaced by a carbon atom.
Regarding their structures, both DABCO 33-LV and quinuclidine are unusual in that the methylene hydrogen atoms are eclipsed within each of the three ethylene linkages.
Furthermore, the diazacyclohexane rings, of which there are three, adopt the chair conformations, not the usual boat conformations.

DABCO 33-LV is an organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4.
DABCO 33-LV is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
DABCO 33-LV has a role as a catalyst, a reagent and an antioxidant.
DABCO 33-LV is a bridged compound, a tertiary amino compound, a saturated organic heterobicyclic parent and a diamine.

DABCO 33-LV is a gelling catalyst and a bidentate ligand that forms a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a variety of substrates.
DABCO 33-LV functionalizes the surface and immobilizes the surface atoms.
DABCO 33-LV is an organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4.
DABCO 33-LV is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
DABCO 33-LV has a role as a catalyst, a reagent and an antioxidant.
DABCO 33-LV is a bridged compound, a tertiary amino compound, a saturated organic heterobicyclic parent and a diamine.

DABCO 33-LV Chemical Properties
Melting point: 156-159 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 174 °C
Density: 1.02 g/mL
Vapor pressure: 2.9 mm Hg ( 50 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4634(lit.)
Fp: 198 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 400g/l
Form: Hygroscopic Crystals
Pka: 3.0, 8.7(at 25℃)
Color: White to pale yellow
Water Solubility: 46 g/100 mL (26 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,9669
BRN: 103618
Stability: Stable, but very hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Highly flammable.
LogP: -0.49 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 280-57-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: DABCO 33-LV(280-57-9)
EPA Substance Registry System: DABCO 33-LV(280-57-9)

Triethylenediamine also known as DABCO 33-LV or TEDA, is a highly symmetrical molecule with a cage structure.
The colorless extremely hygroscopic crystals is a highly nucleophilic tertiary amine base, which is used as a catalyst and reagent in polymerization and organic synthesis.

Reactions
The pKa of [HDABCO]+ (the protonated derivative) is 8.8, which is almost the same as ordinary alkylamines.
The nucleophilicity of the amine is high because the amine centers are unhindered.
DABCO 33-LV is sufficiently basic to promote a variety of couping reactions

Uses
In chemical and biological defense, activated carbon is impregnated with DABCO 33-LV for use in filters for masks, collective protection systems, and the like.
An anti-fade reagent shown to scavenge free-radicals due to flurochrome excitation.
DABCO 33-LV is used as polyurethane catalyst, Balis-Hillman reaction catalyst complexing ligand and lewis base.
DABCO 33-LV finds use in dye lasers and in mounting samples for fluorescence microscopy and as anti-fade reagent shown to scavenge free radicals due to flurochrome excitation of fluorochromes.
Further, DABCO 33-LV is an oxidation and polymerization catalyst.

Production
DABCO 33-LV is produced by thermal reactions of compounds of the type H2NCH2CH2X (X = OH, NH2, or NHR) in the presence of zeolitic catalysts.
An idealized conversion is shown for the conversion from ethanolamine:

3 H2NCH2CH2OH → N(CH2CH2)3N + NH3 + 3 H2O

Purification Methods
DABCO 33-LV crystallises from 95% EtOH, pet ether or MeOH/diethyl ether (1:1).
Dry DABCO 33-LV under vacuum over CaCl2 and BaO.
DABCO 33-LV can be sublimed in vacuo, and readily at room temperature.
DABCO 33-LV has also been purified by removal of water during azeotropic distillation of a benzene solution.
DABCO 33-LV is then recrystallised twice from anhydrous diethyl ether under argon, and stored under argon.

Synonyms
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Triethylenediamine
280-57-9
Dabco
1,4-DIAZABICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTANE
1,4-Ethylenepiperazine
Dabco 33LV
Dabco crystal
TEDA
Texacat TD 100
Dabco S-25
N,N'-endo-Ethylenepiperazine
D 33LV
1,4-Diazabicyclo-octane
Dabco EG
Dabco R-8020
Thancat TD 33
Bicyclo(2,2,2)-1,4-diazaoctane
1,4-diazabicyclooctane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane
1,4-Diazobicyclo(2.2.2)octane
Dabco crystalline
1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Triethylene diamine
NSC 56362
Tegoamin 33
CCRIS 6692
TED
HSDB 5556
1,4-Diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctane
EINECS 205-999-9
1,4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane
UNII-X8M57R0JS5
AI3-24809
X8M57R0JS5
DTXSID0022016
1,4-Diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Bicyclo[2.2.2]-1,4-diazaoctane
NSC-56362
Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,4-diaza-
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco)
1,4-DIAZABICYCLO-(2,2,2)-OCTANE
EC 205-999-9
DTXCID902016
1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane
1,4-diazobicyclo(2,2,2)octane
1,4-diazobicyclo[2,2,2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2)octane
1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2) octane
1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)-octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane
1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane
1,4-diazabicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane
Triethylene-diamine
CAS-280-57-9
MFCD00006689
Trietilenodiamina
Tego Amine
Kaolizer 31
Tegamine 33
Activator 105E
Dabco 3LV
Texacat TD 33
Texacat TD-33
14-Ethylenepiperazine
Jeffcat TD 100
1,4-etilenopiperazina
Dabco S 25
Minico L 1020
PC-TD
1,4-DIAZABICYCLO-[2.2.2]OCTANE
Niax A 33
Teda L 33
Dabco L 1202
D0Y4AS
TEDA-L33
PC CAT TD 33
SCHEMBL14938
DABCO(R) 33-LV
N N'-endo-Ethylenepiperazine
TRIETHYLENEDIAMINE [MI]
33LV
GTPL2577
SCHEMBL7266053
CHEMBL3183414
1,4diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane
TRIETHYLENEDIAMINE [HSDB]
1.4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan
1,4-Diazabicylo[2.2.2]octane
CHEBI:151129
1,4 diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,21octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.21octane
1,4-Diazabicylco[2,2,2]octane
AE 33
L 33E
LV 33
1,4- diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane
1,4-di azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
1,4-diaza bicyclo[2,2,2]octane
1,4-diaza bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo (2,2,2)octane
1,4-diazabicyclo-[2,2,2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]-octane
AMY25627
HY-Y0566
NSC56362
Bicyclo[2.2.2]-1 4-diazaoctane
Tox21_201323
Tox21_302908
1,4-diazabiciclo [2.2.2] octano
1,4-diazabicyclo (2,2,2) octane
1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane
STL185594
TD 100
1,4-Diazabicyclo-nu[2.2.2]octane
Biciclo [2.2.2]-1,4-diazaoctano
Diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane, 1,4-
1,4-diaza bicyclo-[2,2.2]-octane
1,4-diaza-bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane
AKOS000119052
CS-W020025
NCGC00249025-01
NCGC00256609-01
NCGC00258875-01
88935-43-7
BP-13441
L 33
LC 96003
LS-59703
PS-11951
D0134
FT-0700572
EN300-18991
D70975
Q423673
Q-201875
triethylenediamine/ 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
F1908-0059
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
InChI=1/C6H12N2/c1-2-8-5-3-7(1)4-6-8/h1-6H
DABCO NE300
DESCRIPTION:
DABCO NE300 is a non-emissive amine catalyst.
DABCO NE300 Promotes the urea (water isocyanate) reaction.
DABCO NE300 reacts into the polyurethane matrix, thereby not contributing to emissions.



DABCO NE300 Offers no amine emissions, no VOC emissions, no vinyl staining and no windshield fogging.
DABCO NE300 Possesses master batch stability.
DABCO NE300 is used in all molded and high density foam applications to meet OEM emission specifications such as VDA 278.
Dabco NE300 is used in any water-blown TDI or TDI/MDI high resiliency (HR) foam, and in TDI/MDI or MDI-based, cold-cured molded polyurethane foam.

DABCO NE 300 is a highly efficient low emissive blow catalyst suitable for replacement of BDMAEE catalysts.
DABCO NE300 is Non – emitting, lowest odor reactive amine catalyst, excellent operating width.
DABCO NE300 has Strong foaming, low odor.

Applications of DABCO NE300:
DABCO NE300 is Reactive foaming catalyst, low odor, strong foaming.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DABCO NE300:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


Dabigatran
SYNONYMS BIBR-953, N-[[2-[[[4-(Aminoiminomethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]carbonyl]-N-2-pyridinyl-β-alanine cas no:211914-51-1
DADMAC
1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione; 1,3-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN; 1,3-DIHYDROXYLMETHYL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN; 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin; bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione; Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; Dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin; DMDMH; dmdm hydantoin; 1,3-bis; 1,3-bis(dihydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-imidazolidinedione; 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-hydantoi; 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1,3-di(Hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; 1,3-Dihydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; 2,4-Imidazolidinedione,1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl; 4-Imidazolidinedione,1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2; dantoindmdmh55 CAS NO:6440-58-0
DAMLA SAKIZI AROMASI
drop gum flavor
Dantogard 2000
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate; Phosphoric Acid, Diammonium Salt; DAP; Diammonium hydrogenphosphate; Diammonium phosphate; Ammonium hydrogen phosphate; cas no: 7783-28-0
DAP (DI AMONNIUM PHOSPHATE)
D-Aspartic Acid; D-2-Aminobutanedioic acid; D-aminosuccinic acid; d-(-)Aspartic acid; H-D-Asp-OH; NMDA; N-Methyl-D-aspartic Acid, Hydrate; CAS NO: 1783-96-6
D-Aspartic Acid
2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE; 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo Acetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; DBNPA; Dibromocyanoacetamide CAS NO:10222-01-2
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
DBE dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but only slightly soluble in water and higher paraffins.


CAS Number:95481-62-2
EC Number: 619-131-5
MDL number: MFCD00152995
Linear Formula: CH3O2C(CH2)nCO2CH3 (n=2,3,4)
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12


DBE dibasic ester is readily biodegradable.
DBE dibasic ester is refined dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids.
DBE dibasic ester is a clear, colorless liquid having a mild, characteristic fruity odour.


DBE dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but are only slightly soluble in water and hydrocarbons.
DBE dibasic ester is non-flammable, noncorrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly formulation options.
DBE dibasic ester is composed of a liquid mixture of dimethyl dicarboxylic acid esters including dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate and dimethyl succinate.


DBE dibasic ester is non-flammable, readily biodegradable,
non-corrosive and has a mild odor.
DBE dibasic ester is a mixture of dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate.


DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
DBE dibasic ester is depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.


DBE dibasic ester is normally a mixture of dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate.
Environmentally friendly high boiling point solvent DBE dibasic ester, also known as divalent acid ester, dibasic acid ester, mixed acid dimethyl ester, is a mixture of divalent acid esters.


Colorless transparent liquid, slightly aromatic, DBE dibasic ester's main components are dimethyl succinate CH3OOC(CH2)2COOCH3 , dimethyl glutarate CH3OOC(CH2)3COOCH3, adipic acid Dimethyl acid CH3OOC(CH2)4COOCH3.
DBE dibasic ester is an environmentally friendly high boiling point solvent that can be biodegraded.


DBE dibasic ester is an environmentally friendly coating solvent with good solubility, low volatility, easy flow, high safety, non-toxicity, photochemical stability, etc.
DBE dibasic ester is non-toxic,colorless transparent liquid with light ester aroma.


DBE dibasic ester is the refined dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids.
DBE dibasic ester is non-flammable, non-corrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly product.
Easily soluble in alcohol and only slightly soluble in water, DBE dibasic ester is colorless, clear and has a slightly fruity odor.


DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
Mixtures of different methyl dibasic esters are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid.


They are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
Dibasic esters of phthalates, adipates, and azelates with C8 - C10 alcohols have found commercial use as lubricants, spin finishes, and additives.
DBE dibasic ester is a refined mixture of dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids.


DBE dibasic ester is a liquid non-flammable, readily biodegradable and non-corrosive with mild fruity odor. ​
DBE dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but only slightly soluble in water and higher paraffins.
DBE dibasic ester is a chemical mixture of dimethyl esters.


DBE dibasic ester is a colorless, clear liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.
DBE dibasic ester is a diverse and ecologically compatible alternative to many other solvents that require labeling.
DBE dibasic ester has a number of advantages such as high solubility and a low risk potential for humans and the environment.


DBE dibasic ester also has a high flash point and very low volatility.
DBE dibasic ester is easily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers and most hydrocarbons, whereas it is slightly soluble in substances such as water or higher paraffinic hydrocarbons.


DBE dibasic ester is a very interesting product due to its wide range of applications.
DBE dibasic ester is a mixed dibasic acid ester with a high boiling point.
DBE dibasic ester is a kind of low toxicity, low odor, biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvent.
DBE dibasic ester is readily biodegradable, low odor, low VOC solvents used in a wide variety of industrial and specialty applications.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
DBE dibasic ester is used in paints, paint strippers, coatings, plasticizers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.
DBE dibasic ester can be the substitute of isophorone, cyclohexanonel, ether type of solvent and so on.


DBE dibasic ester is extensively applied in the fields of coin steel coating,automobile coating,baking coating,tin plate printing coating,carpentry coating,vessel/can coating,printing ink industry,metal furniture coating, founfry resin and insulating coating industry.
DBE dibasic ester is used to paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, solvents and adhesives.


DBE dibasic ester is a mixture of dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate and dimethyl adipate used in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.



DBE dibasic ester is mainly used as a high boiling point solvent in the coating industry and can replace Isophorone, glycol ether, cyclohexanone and other highly toxic solvents are used for baking synthetic resin coatings and high-temperature quick-drying coil coatings, sheet coatings, and can inner and outer wall coatings.


DBE dibasic ester is used in automotive coatings to achieve the ideal gloss and smoothness of the intermediate and topcoat paint films.
DBE dibasic ester can also be used in paint strippers and cleaning agents, and is widely used in industries such as inks, casting new adhesives and organic synthetic intermediates.


DBE dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.
DBE dibasic ester is used in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.


DBE dibasic ester was commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.
DBE dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.
DBE dibasic ester is commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.


DBE dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.
In seemingly direct contrast from its use with paint, DBE dibasic ester is also considered an excellent stripping agent.
DBE dibasic ester can easily clean through resin and paint, polyurethane, coatings, inks, and other polar substances.


Many metropolitan areas use DBE dibasic ester to remove graffiti and spray paint from building façades.
The slow evaporation rate of DBE dibasic ester means it can be applied to a surface and work through the grime or coating over time without any necessary reapplication.


As a cleaner, DBE dibasic ester is not caustic to the environment, which has led many organizations to incorporate this chemical into their cleaning regimen.
DBE dibasic ester is used with other esters or solvents, a unique formula can be created for varied uses.


Because DBE dibasic ester evaporates slowly, it can be repeatedly used after recycling.
Many industrial solvents have been placed on the environmental watch list; DBE dibasic ester can replace several of these more dangerous chemicals.
The plastics industry utilizes DBE dibasic ester in a variety of ways including as intermediates for polyester polyols for urethanes.


Polyester and epoxy find DBE dibasic ester the perfect ingredient to create a sealing coat.
Soil stabilization is an agricultural facet of DBE dibasic ester, which is also added to pesticides and insecticides.
Other applications of DBE dibasic ester include its use in liquid detergents, in corrosion inhibition, and for textile lubrication.


DBE dibasic ester might be the perfect industrial chemical for your organization.
Whether you are cleaning an area, stripping paint from surfaces, or coating surfaces to deter corrosion, DBE dibasic ester is a good choice for your business and the environment.


DBE dibasic ester is used Solvents in can/coil, waterborne, magnet wire and automotive coatings.
DBE dibasic ester is used Industrial cleaners, paint removers, foundry core binders, printing inks, textile, lubricants, urethane reaction solvents, peroxide solvents and chemical grouting/soil stabilization.


DBE dibasic ester is used in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.
DBE dibasic ester was commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.


DBE dibasic ester is extensively applied in the fields of coin steel coating, automobile coating, baking coating, tin plate printing coating, carpentry coating, vessel/can coating, printing ink industry, metal furniture coating, founfry resin, and insulating coating industry.
DBE dibasic ester can be the substitute for isophorone, cyclohexanone, ether type of solvent and so on.


DBE dibasic ester offers very good solvency, high boiling point, low vapor pressure, slow evaporation, high flashpoint, low toxicity and mild odor.
DBE dibasic ester provides compatibility with many plastics including polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbon resins, nylon, and acetal resin, and with elastomers such as silicone, ethylene/propylene rubber, butyl rubber and fluoropolymers.


DBE dibasic ester is mainly used as a solvent and intermediate.
DBE dibasic ester is used graffiti removers, paint strippers, industrial cleaning solutions, automotive coatings, industrial coatings, coil coatings, printing inks, agrochemical soil stabilization, and household and industrial liquid detergents / cleaners.


DBE dibasic ester is suitable for dissolving polar substances such as polyurethane, polyester and acrylate resins and can be mixed with water using a variety of surfactants.
DBE dibasic ester is used in paints, coatings, plasticizers, chemical intermediates, resins, binders, grouting, oilfield drilling fluid and adhesives.


DBE dibasic ester used to make polyurethane coatings, flexible foams and rigid foams.
DBE dibasic ester is used in can and coil coatings, foundry core binders, acrylic lacquers, wood finishes, printing inks, paint strippers, various industrial cleaning applications including metal degreasing, GRP resin cleaning, hand cleaning etc., grouting, sealants and wax formulations, etc.


DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid used as solvent in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticizers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.
DBE dibasic ester is widely used in paints, coatings, printing inks, and other fields.


DBE dibasic ester is used as a solvent.
DBE dibasic ester can be used as an extender in coatings, and has been shown to have good resistance to abrasion, weathering, and corrosion.
DBE dibasic ester is also used in the reduction process of epoxides, which are important for many industrial processes.


DBE dibasic ester can be used in the manufacture of solvents, such as diethylene glycol ethers and ethylene glycol ethers.
DBE dibasic ester is a component of stripper oil, which is used to remove coatings from metals or plastics.
DBE dibasic ester can be found in polystyrene insulation materials.


DBE dibasic ester is used as a solvent in paints and varnishes, cleaners and mold hardeners.
DBE dibasic ester can provide low temperature flexibility and is excellent plasticizer for PVC and other polymer systems.
DBE dibasic ester is used as a solvent in adhesives, seals and gaskets.


DBE dibasic ester can also be used as an intermediate product for PU foams and plasticizers.
When it comes to environmental protection, in particular, DBE dibasic ester is an indispensable alternative to traditional solvents such as methylene chloride and acetone, which means that the area of ​​application is constantly growing.


DBE dibasic ester is used Bio-based replacement for dibasic ester.
DBE dibasic ester is a used solvent for formulations and cleaning.
DBE dibasic ester is used solvent for industrial and household paints.


DBE dibasic ester is a used solvent for automotive, wire enamel, and other coatings.
DBE dibasic ester is a used solvent for polyester and epoxy sealing coats.
DBE dibasic ester is a used solvent for ink formulations, including printer inks.


DBE dibasic ester is used in HI&I cleaning applications.
DBE dibasic ester is a dibasic ester that is used as a solvent.
DBE dibasic ester can be used as an extender in coatings, and has been shown to have good resistance to abrasion, weathering, and corrosion.


DBE dibasic ester is also used in the reduction process of epoxides, which are important for many industrial processes.
DBE dibasic ester can be used in the manufacture of solvents, such as diethylene glycol ethers and ethylene glycol ethers.
DBE dibasic ester is a component of stripper oil, which is used to remove coatings from metals or plastics.


DBE dibasic ester has been shown to inhibit some organisms (e.g., bacteria) at low concentrations and may be toxic at high concentrations.
DBE dibasic ester can be found in polystyrene insulation materials.



BENEFITS OF USING DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
*Better cleaning power than petroleum-based dibasic ester
*Precision cleaning solvent that dries completely and leaves no residue
*20-30 percent more efficient in viscosity reduction than dibasic ester
*Provides excellent flow characteristics in formulation
*Safe, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic
*High loading capacity
*Easy and inexpensive to distill or recycle
*100 percent biodegradable to carbon dioxide and water
*Carbon neutral
*EPA approved SNAP solvent
*No ozone-depleting chemicals (ODCs)
*No environmentally hazardous ingredients
*No hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)



INDUSTRIES OF DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
*Building & Construction,
*Printing & Packaging,
*Agriculture,
*Chemical Manufacturing,
*Construction,
*Consumer Goods,
*Oil & Energy,
*Paints & Coatings,
*HI&I Care,
*Adhesive & Sealants,
*Industrial



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
DBE dibasic ester is non-flammable, non-corrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly product.
Easily soluble in alcohol and only slightly soluble in water, DBE dibasic ester is colorless, clear and has a slightly fruity odor.



USE DBE DIBASIC ESTER AS A REPLACEMENT FOR:
*N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)
*MEK
*Methylene chloride
*Isophorone
*Certain glycol ethers and their acetates
*Acetone
*Cresylic acid



DBE DIBASIC ESTER MIXTURE- USE:
divalent acid esters are widely used in automotive coatings, color steel plate coatings, canned coatings, enameled wire and household electrical materials, furniture wood coatings and other industries. Examples of its application are as follows:

1) Preparation of nano anti-scaling and anti-corrosion coatings for gathering and transportation pipelines, which are applied to anti-scaling and anti-corrosion in petroleum gathering and transportation pipelines.

It is characterized in that it is composed of 1 part by weight of agent A and 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight of agent B, agent A includes bisphenol A epoxy resin, n-butanol, xylene, divalent acid ester, polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane, high molecular weight block copolymer containing pigment affinity group, foam-breaking polysiloxane, polyether siloxane co-polymer, polyacrylate, high molecular weight polycarboxylic acid containing amine derivatives, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, sericite, talc and flake graphite; Among them, agent B includes polyamide.

The effect is: the coating has excellent workability and storage stability, and the coating film has excellent anti-fouling performance and excellent corrosion resistance.
The scale inhibition rate of pipelines can reach above 80%.

2) an environment-friendly high-performance bait brightener was prepared, which was composed of divalent acid ester, PVC powder, free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water.
This product uses divalent acid ester and PVC powder as the main raw materials, supplemented by free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water, and is refined by advanced production technology.

Among them, ethyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral mainly play a role in increasing viscosity, so that the brightener can adhere to the surface of the bait, and ethyl acetate has a fruity smell, which is easy to attract fish for food.
The main function of divalent acid ester is to dissolve PVC powder, which has the effects of brightening and improving gloss.

It is a degradable and environment-friendly solvent.
After the bait brightener is impregnated, heated and dried, the product can present a high-light state, with bright color, lifelike, and high fish lure rate, especially to attract fish in deep waters.



DBE DIBASIC ESTER MIXTURE- PRODUCTION METHOD:
(1) continuous catalytic esterification: including the first catalytic esterification and the second catalytic esterification: a first catalytic esterification: according to the mass ratio of nylon acid, methanol and hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst of 1:1.3:0.02, weigh each raw material, add the raw materials nylon acid and methanol to the reaction kettle in sequence, then add the hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst, heat while stirring, heat to 120 ℃, keep the temperature unchanged, the pressure inside the reaction kettle is controlled to be 125KPa, and the reaction is carried out for 1 hour.

The aqueous cerium sulfate catalyst is composed of cerium sulfate active component and double mesoporous silicon carrier, wherein the mass percentage of cerium sulfate is 42%, and the balance is double mesopores.
The pore size of the small mesopores of the double mesopores is 3-5nm, and the pore size of the large mesopores is 10.
B The second catalytic esterification: The reaction is carried out by continuously introducing methanol into the reaction kettle.

The water generated by the reaction is brought out with methanol to continue the reaction.
The amount of methanol added is the amount of methanol added in the first catalytic esterification. 143%, this reaction stage is an atmospheric reaction.
The reaction temperature is controlled by controlling the methanol inlet speed.

The reaction temperature at this stage is 130 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, and adding titanate catalysts, the addition amount is 8.2‰ of the total mass of the reactants, and the acid value is measured for 5 hours.
When the acid value reaches less than 5mgKOH/g, the temperature is rapidly reduced to 65 ℃, the reaction is stopped, and the crude product is obtained.
The titanate catalyst is a mixture of tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate, and the mass ratio is 2:5:3.

(2) alkali washing and neutralization: filter and separate the catalyst, slowly add 20% NaHCO3 to the crude product of the reaction kettle, stir at a rate of 100rad/min while adding at a temperature of 85 ℃, stop adding and continue stirring for 10min when the acid value of the crude product is lower than 0.5mgKOH/g; The separated catalyst is reused after simple treatment, and the number of times of use is recorded.

(3) standing at low temperature: place the above products at an ambient temperature of -3 ℃ and stand for 25min. after stratification, the water layer is separated to remove water.

(4) pump the crude product material after water removal into the light removal tower, reduce the pressure to -0.01MPa, set the top temperature to 105 ℃, remove the light components, and circulate the methanol in the light components to the catalytic esterification reactor for reuse after dehydration and impurity removal; The packing layer provided in the light removal tower adopts polypropylene plastic step ring, the diameter of the step ring used is 50mm, and the top part adopts reflux in tube.

(5) put the crude product with light components removed into the weight removal tower, and decompress to remove the heavy components; The pressure after decompression is controlled to-0.085MPa, the top temperature of the weight removal tower is controlled to 125 ℃, the bottom temperature of the tower is controlled to 150 ℃, the reflux ratio is set to 0.7, and the products at the top of the tower are collected.

The product processed by the above method, after testing, the color of the product is stable, the chromaticity is light, and the chromaticity is not much different.
The main component is NME (dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate)

The purity of NME is 99.82%, of which the content of methanol is 0.021%, and the content of mono-methyl ester is 0.012 ‰; after the quality analysis of the various components before, the selectivity of the reaction is 99.83%; the acid value of the product is 0.14mgKOH/g; the moisture content of the product is 0.020%; after the catalyst is used for 30 times, the activity decreases less than 10%, it is stable during use, and has good reuse performance.
It is not easy to be poisoned, will not corrode equipment, and will not pollute the environment.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12
Molecular Weight: 480.51
MDL Number: MFCD00152995
Melting point: -20°C
Boiling point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Flash point: 212 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
explosive limit: 8 %
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H14O4.C7H12O4.C6H10O4/c1-11-7(9)5-3-4-6-8(10)12-2;1-10-6(8)4-3-5-7(9)11-2;1-9-5(7)3-4-6(8)10-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3;3-5H2,1-2H3;3-4H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(=O)(OC)CCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCC(=O)OC
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate (95481-62-2)
Boiling Point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 212 °F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.424 (lit.)
Form: Liquid
Appearance: liquid
Auto Ignition Temperature: 370 °C (698 °F)

Boiling Point: 195 - 230 °C (383 - 446 °F)
Color: colorless
Density: 1.076 - 1.096 g/cm3 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Flash Point: 100 °C (212 °F)
Lower Explosion Limit: 0.9 %(V)
Odor: slight, aromatic
Relative Density: 1.076 - 1.096 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Reference Material: (water = 1)
Upper Explosion Limit: 8.0 %(V)
Vapor Pressure: 0.2 mmHg @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Physical Form: Liquid
CAS Number: 95481-62-2
Chemical Name: Dibasic Ester
Molecular Formula: 480.5 g/mol
EC Number: 214-277-2
IUPAC Name: Dibasic dimethyl esters
Synonyms: DBE
Molecular Weight: 480.5 g/mol
Density: 1.19 g/mL
Melting Point: - 20 Degree C
Boiling Point: 225 Degree C
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 480.5
APPEARANCE: Colorless liquid

DENSITY: 1.092 g/cm3
REFRACTIVE INDEX: 1.424
COLOR: 15 max
ASSAY: 99 % min
WATER CONTENT: 0.1 % max
BOILING POINT: 196 - 225 °C
MELTING POINT: -20 °C
FLASH POINT: 100 °C
CAS No.: 95481-62-2
Molecular Formula: C8H14O4.C7H12O4.C6H10O4
InChIKeys: InChIKey=QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 480.5
Exact Mass: 480.220673
EC Number: 619-131-5
HScode: 38249992
PSA: 157.8
XLogP3: 1.5081
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 1.19g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: -20°C
Boiling Point: 196-225°C(lit.)
Flash Point: 212°F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)

Vapor Pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12
Molar Mass: 480.5
Density: 1.19 g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: -20°C
Boling Point: 196-225°C(lit.)
Flash Point: 212°F
Vapor Presure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Explosive Limit: 8%
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12
Molecular Weight: 480.5
CAS Number: 95481-62-2
Appearance Colorless: Transparent Liquid
Solubility: Insoluble in water or carbon dioxide
Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 480.5
APPEARANCE: Colorless Liquid
DENSITY: 1.092 g/cm3

REFRACTIVE INDEX: 1.424
ASSAY: > 99.0 %
BOILING POINT: 196 - 225 °C
CLASS: Resins and Paints
Molecular Weight: 480.5 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 12
Rotatable Bond Count: 18
Exact Mass: 480.22067658 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 480.22067658 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 158Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 33
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 374
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available

Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 196 - 225 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 8 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,9 %(V)
Flash point: 100 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 370 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available

Vapor pressure: 0,3 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,092 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: -20°C
Boiling Point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 212 °F
Appearance: liquidDensity: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: N/A
Explosive Limit: 8%CAS
CAS NO:95481-62-2
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12
Molecular Weight: 480.5
EINECS: N/A
Product Categories: Polymer Science;Plasticizers;Polymer Additives
Mol File: 95481-62-2.mol



FIRST AID MEASURES of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-General advice:
Consult a physician.
-If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
-In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
-If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.



SYNONYMS:
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
DBE
DIBASIC ESTER
DIBASIC ACID
IMSOL
meso-Dibenzylaminosuccinic acid
ESTASOL
DBE,MDBE
Binary ester
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic acid ester
Dimethyl butanedioate
Dimethyl hexanedioate
Dimethyl pentanedioate
DBE
MADE
IMSOL
DIBASIC ACID
DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters
Dbe Dibasic Ester
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters(DBE)
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
Mixed Aliphatic Dimethyl Esters
DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate
Dimethyl butanedioate
Dimethyl hexanedioate
Dimethyl pentanedioate
Estasol
Dibasic ester
95481-62-2
RDPE
dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl hexanedioate
dimethyl pentanedioate
DBE dibasic ester
Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
SCHEMBL4450294
QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
dimethyl adipate dimethyl glutarate dimethyl succinate
dimethyl adipate compound with dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate (1:1:1)
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
Ester mixture (methyl esters) of diacids C4, C5 und C6
DBE
DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate
IMSOL
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
DIMETHYL ADIPATE/DIMETHYL GLUTARATE/DIMETHYL SUCCINATE
DIBASIC ACID



D-BİOTİN
Coenzyme R; Vitamin H; Biotin; beta-Biotin; (3aS-(3aalpha,4b,6aalpha))-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidaz- ole-4-pentanoic acid; (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-valeric acid; 2'-Keto-3,4-imidazolido-2-tetrahydrothiophene-N-valeric acid; Bioepiderm; Biotina; Biotine; Biotinum; D-Biotin; Factor S; Injacom H; Medebiotin; Vitamin B7; Vitamin Bw; cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid; cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid cas no:58-85-5
DBNPA
DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions. It is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.DBNPA acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

CAS NO: 10222-01-2
EC NO: 233-539-7
IUPAC NAMES:
2, 2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
2,2 DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE
2,2-Dibrom-3-nitrilpropionamid
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide
2,2-dibromo-3-cyanopropanamide
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
DBNPA
Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
Dibromocyanoacetamide

SYNOMNYS

2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE;10222-01-2;;2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide;Dbnpa;Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-;2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide;XD-7287l Antimicrobial;2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile;UNII-7N51QGL6MJ;Dibromocyano acetic acid amide;XD-1603;7N51QGL6MJ;Caswell No. 287AA;NSC 98283;HSDB 6982;Dibromonitrilopropionamide;XD 7287L;EINECS 233-539-7;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801;BRN 1761192;2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide;Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-;DBNP;DSSTox_CID_12361;DSSTox_RID_78926;NCIOpen2_006184;DSSTox_GSID_32361;SCHEMBL23129;3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-;ACMC-20980y;2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide;CHEMBL1878278;DTXSID5032361;NSC98283;ZINC1638458;2,2, Dibromo 3-Nitrilopropionamide;2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide;Tox21_300089;ANW-14672;MFCD00129791;NSC-98283;SBB008529;2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI;2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile;2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%;AKOS015833850;2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide;MCULE-9977107579;NCGC00164203-01;NCGC00164203-02;NCGC00253921-01;AS-12928;SC-22750;CAS-10222-01-2;DB-027512;D2902;FT-0612090;2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA);22D012;A800546;Q-102771;2,2-Dibrom-3-nitrilpropionamid;2,2-dibromo-3-cyanopropanamide;Slimicide 508;2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-ethanamide;2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile;Dibromocyanoacetamide;BE 3S;DBNPA;D-244;DBNPA1;BIOBRO;Busan 94;DBNPA20%;NSC 98283;DBNPA 7287;Mucosin NT;acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-;2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide;2- cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide;cyanodibromoacetamide;2,2- dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile;2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide;2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide;dibromocyanoacetamide;2 2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo-Propionamid

DBNPA (2,2, dibromo-3-nitrilo-proprionamide) has the following characteristics:
Compatible with the membrane
* Fast acting
* Cost effective
* Acceptable transportation, storage, stability and handling characteristics
* Broad spectrum control (e.g., planktonic and sessile organisms); algae control is seasonal and situational
* Biodegradable

DBNPA is used in a wide variety of applications. Some examples are papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries. It is also used as slime control on paper machines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide. Its crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of ppm concentrations of DBNPA and its degradation products in laboratory tests of several natural water samples were used to follow the reactions involved. A hydrolysis pathway leads to dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) and other products. The presence of organic material in the water leads to degradation by a second pathway in which monobromonitrilopropionamide (MBNPA) and several other degradation products are formed. The model describes quantitative relationships of DBNPA dosage and the natural water's organic material content, as measured by total organic carbon (TOC), in the degradation pathways of DBNPA. The model helps interpret the aquatic toxicity of the rapidly changing complex mixture produced during these degradations. Simulations of the DBNPA treatment of cooling towers were compared to limited experimental data which indicated that most of the degradation occurred by the pathway which produced the less toxic products

IDENTIFICATION: DBNPA is an off-white crystalline solid with a mild medicinal antiseptic odor. It is slightly volatile, very soluble in water, and corrosive.
USE: DBNPA is used to control bacteria, fungi and slime-forming algae in cooling water systems, evaporative condensers and heat exchangers, air washing systems, pulp mill and paper manufacturing, and oil extraction drilling fluids. It also is used as a preservative in paints, industrial coatings and adhesives, metalworking cutting fluids, and paper and paper products.
DBNPA was prepared by the method described by Hesse. The white product which resulted from bromination in an aqueous medium was recrystallized from benzene to give a compound with a
The melting point of 125 C. Purity was checked by elemental analysis, infrared analysis [IR (Nujol mull), 1,710 cm (C=O) l, and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [NMR (dimethyl sulfoxide ), 8.36 6 (doublet) J.
Physical properties. Chemical properties. The white, crystalline DBNPA has been stable for at least four years under laboratory storage conditions. This conclusion is based upon no detectable change in appearance or biological activity during this storage period. DBNPA dissolves in water to give a relatively stable solution in an acid pH range. Its unusual solubility and stability in polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight, 200) make this glycol a preferred solvent. Aqueous solutions hydrolyze under alkaline conditions, with the rate of decomposition increases with the alkalinity. However, the rate of hydrolysis is not fast enough to interfere with the antimicrobial activity of fresh, alkaline (pH 7 to 9.5) solutions. Heat and ultraviolet and fluorescent light also cause aqueous solutions of DBNPA to degrade, as evidenced by the change of the antimicrobial endpoint as a given solution age. This ecomposition has also been substantiated by chemical analysis.
It is understood in the membrane industry that thin-film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine-based oxidants. Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals that can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent bio growth/biofouling. One option is the chemical, DBNPA, which is a fastacting, non-oxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.
DBNPA is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment. This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies. It is degraded by reactions with water, nucleophiles, and UV light (rate is dependent on pH and temperature). The approximate half-life is 24 hr @ pH 7,2 hr @ pH 8, 15 min @ pH 9. The vast majority of microorganisms that come into contact with it are killed within 5 to 10 minutes.
DBNPA is deactivated by reducing agents, so a higher concentration of DBNPA will be required if residual reducing agents are present in the feed water. For example, Sodium Bisulfite (SBS) will deactivate DBNPA. If SBS is dosed during service or flushing operations, additional DBNPA will be required at a suggested dose rate of 1.0 to 1.3 ppm DBNPA per 1 ppm of SBS to account for deactivation. Excess SBS can also be used to accelerate the deactivation of DBNPA in discharged waters. Although DBNPA is non-oxidizing, it will give an ORP reading of about 400 mv when in the range of 0.5 – 3 ppm ( for comparison, 1 ppm chlorine typically gives an ORP reading of about 700 mv). Intermittent dosing can be performed during service operation, during a low-pressure flush mode, or by a batch CIP (Clean-In-Place) system. RO/NF permeate may need to be diverted to drain as operations dictate, though it is estimated that greater than 98% of the DBNPA is rejected by brackish water membranes and greater than 99.5% by seawater membranes. For waters containing > 100 CFU/ml (or if you already have biofilm within the RO/NF system), suppliers recommend 30 ppm active ingredient for a full 3 hours. During intermittent dosing, the permeate should be dumped to drain if product water is for potable use. If a biofilm is present, sanitization should be preceded by an alkaline cleaning. For continuous dosing during service operation, between 0.5 to 2 ppm of active ingredient is recommended to maintain a biostatic environment. RO/NF permeate may need to be diverted to drain as operations dictate. Continuous dosing can be significantly more expensive in terms of operating costs so the site situation will dictate if this is instituted. DBNPA is deactivated by reducing agents, so a higher concentration of DBNPA will be required if residual reducing agents are present in the feed water. For example, Sodium Bisulfite (SBS) will deactivate DBNPA. If SBS is dosed during service or flushing operations, additional DBNPA will be required at a suggested dose rate of 1.0 to 1.3 ppm DBNPA per 1 ppm of SBS to account for deactivation. Excess SBS can also be used to accelerate the deactivation of DBNPA in discharged waters. Although DBNPA is non-oxidizing, it will give an ORP reading of about 400 mv when in the range of 0.5 – 3 ppm ( for comparison, 1 ppm chlorine typically gives an ORP reading of about 700 mv). For CIP use, 30 - 50 ppm of active ingredient for 1 hour would be recommended. For heavy biofilms, it should be followed by an alkaline cleaning. Test kits are available from the chemical suppliers to verify that DBNPA is at the desired concentration or has been completely rinsed from the system. According to its chemical properties, DBNPA can be degraded via two pathways; hydrolysis and nucleophilic reaction. For PT 4 nucleophilic reaction is the relevant pathway after DBNPA comes into contact with sulphur containing reducing species (“nucleophiles”), light or organic material (e.g., proteins, bacteria, humus/fulvic acids, etc.). DBNPA will quickly be degraded to cyanoacetamide (CAM). DBNPA is not readily biodegradable. Based on a weight of evidence approach including several studies from the open literature a degradation half life in soil (DT50) of 20.9 hours at 12oC was used for the risk assessment. In addition the default value of inherent biodegradable substances was included.
DBNPA has a very low vapour pressure, a low Henry’s law constant and is additionally not used in a manner, which leads to direct release to the atmosphere.
The mixing and loading process takes place in completely closed systems. Thus, the environmental exposure during mixing and loading is considered to be negligible compared to the actual application of DBNPA. The emission estimations for the use of DBNPA in PT4 have been determined using two different scenarios (a tonnage based scenario and a consumption based scenario) and a tiered approach. For CAM only the consumption based scenario, representing the realistic worst case scenario is evaluated
The standard method to apply DBNPA is intermittent dosing. The amount of DBNPA used depends on the severity of the biological fouling. With a water less prone to biological fouling, using 10 – 30 mg/L of the active ingredient for 30 minutes to 3 hours every 5 days can be effective. Because DBNPA is deactivated by reducing agents (such as sodium bisulfite used for chlorine removal), a higher concentration of DBNPA will be required if there is residual reducing agent in the feedwater. The concentration of DBNPA should be increased by 1 ppm of active ingredient for every ppm of residual reducing agent in the RO feedwater. To remove the dead biofilm, an alkaline cleaning is also recommended . Biocides, their degradation products, and other ingredients in their formulations are not always completely rejected by RO membranes. For this reason, during intermittent dosing, it may be necessary to discharge the permeate during biocide injection because the permeate may contain slightly elevated levels of organics. Note that although DBNPA is nonoxidizing, it does give an ORP response in approximately the 400 mV range at concentrations between 0.5 and 3 mg/L. For comparison, chlorine and bromine give a response in the 700 mV range at 1 mg/L, which increases with

The full name of DBNPA is 2-2-dibromo-3-nitriloproion amide. It is a broad-spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide. DBNPA is used to prevent bacteria and algae from growing in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, mechanical lubricants, pulp, wood, paint, and plywood. 2-2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.
Sterilization mechanism of DBNPA. DBNPA molecules can rapidly penetrate microbial cell membranes. Act on certain protein groups.

Intended use, target species and effectiveness
DBNPA is intended for use in food processing vessels (e.g. industrial mayonnaise or yogurt producing facilities, fermenters for beer or other fermented products), which are periodically disinfected after use. The disinfection and processing exclusively takes place in industry and only industrial workers may come into contact with DBNPA. DBNPA is a fast acting biocide and is exerting its biocidal action directly after its application.

DBNPA may be used to control bacteria and reduce biofouling in various membrane system types (reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, and microfiltration) used for industrial water processing. Acceptable industrial applications include reverse osmosis systems for the production of boiler make-up water for electric power production, electronic component rinsing, and in chemical manufacturing industry. DBNPA can also be used for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.

DBNPA , has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) and true algae. The DBNPA molecule will function immediately upon introduction into the feed water and antimicrobial control is rapidly achieved if properly dosed.

DBNPA offers an advantageous combination of quick kill properties followed by fast chemical degradation, including hydrolysis. The dominant degradation pathway at use conditions invloves reactions with nucleophilic substances or organic material invariably
found in water. Nucleophilic degradation forms cyanoacetamide. When the disposal of concentrate involves the release to large open waterways, additional degradation will occur via exposure to UV-radiation. When sufficiently diluted, DBNPA and its degradation products become biodegradable. The ultimate degradation products formed from both chemical and biodegradation processes of DBNPA include ammonia, carbon dioxide, and bromide ions.
Therefore, meeting the local environmental regulations for the permitted discharge of the reject stream should not be affected with DBNPA use.


DBNPA product performance
Broad spectrum, fast and efficient sterilization performance
DBNPA has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties. It has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
Dibromo 3 Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency. The sterilization rate can reach over 99% in 5-10 minutes. DBNPA was compared to the other three biocides. The results showed that when the same bactericidal effect was achieved, DBNPA was used at a dose of the only 7.5ppm, which is much lower than the other three fungicides.
Good inhibition of peeling on biofilms. When DBNPA is added to the system, its active components act rapidly on planktonic
microorganisms. It can be quickly sterilized. At the same time, the permeability of organic bromine is good. The active component of the agent rapidly penetrates the metal surface. Acts on smaller microbial communities. It allows rapid depolymerization and prevents the formation of biofilms.
For systems that have formed biofilms, the active components do not react with the slime layers in the biofilm. It quickly penetrates deeper into the biofilm. A microbial community acting at the junction of a biofilm and a metal surface. Destruction of its viscosity causes the biofilm to fall off.
Experimental studies have shown that for the peeling of the biofilm at the age of 7 days, the smaller dosage can achieve the same peeling effect, and the advantage of the peeling effect on the biofilm is very obvious.
Effectively kill Legionella
DBNPA on Legionella is very significant. Studies have shown that 2-5mg/L DBNPA (effective), can reduce Legionella 5-6 logs within 3 hours. 2-4 mg/L DBNPA (effective) can reduce Legionella by 6 logs for 2 hours. For Legionella in biofilms. 10mg/L DBNPA (effective), 12 hours can completely kill Legionella. Additional data indicate that low doses of organic bromine and glutaraldehyde are used in combination. Legionella in biofilms can be lowered to undetectable levels.
Rapid degradation
DBNPA is rapidly degraded to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromine salts upon completion of bactericidal action. It does not cause the enrichment of harmful ions in the water. There is no impact on the environment, so emissions are not restricted. This is a distinguishing feature of organic bromine biocides that distinguish them from other non-oxidizing biocides.




Effectively kill sulfate-reducing bacteria
The oilfield sewage has a high sulfate content, which is very beneficial to the reproduction of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The large-scale reproduction of sulfate-reducing bacteria will lead to an increase in the content of H2S in water. 2 2 Dibromo 3 Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts rapidly on sulfate-reducing bacteria. It can be quickly killed before it reacts with sulfate to form H2S.
Experimental studies have shown that 10 mg/L can effectively control the sulfate-reducing bacteria in the system, so as to completely remove the sulfide in the re-injection system and protect the system from sulfide corrosion.
DBNPA application areas and how to use
DBNPA application area
DBNPA is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.
Preservatives for paints, waxes, inks, detergents, surfactants, slurries, resins.
Process water, air purifier system in the machinery manufacturing industry, fungicides, and algicides in municipal water landscapes.
DBNPA usage
When used as a water treatment slime stripper, the DBNPA is added at a concentration of 30-50 mg/L.
Used as a water treatment bactericide for circulating cooling water systems. According to water retention, DBNPA is added at 10-20 mg/L.


DBNPA is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by a generation of microorganism.
It is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides. DBNPA has the following advantages.
-Easy to handle.
-No unusual oxidation hazards.
-Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
-Slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
-DBNPA has exhibited outstanding efficiency against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus, and yeasts.
-Additionally, DBNPA series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives. Such as latex, starch and mineral slurries. It is a quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.


DBNPA is used as a non-oxidizing bactericide. In combination with bromine-based bactericides under frequent leakage conditions, the microbial control of the system can be improved. The specific plan is as follows.


Microbial control effect:
Under the harsh water quality conditions of the refinery system, DBNPA works synergistically with the bromine-based bactericide to better control the microorganisms. It has a good peeling performance in a system where biological slime breeds severely. After the system uses DBNPA biocide, the cooling tower packing and tower wall are clean, and no sticky mud algae breeds. DBNPA contributes to the maintenance of residual chlorine in bromine-based bactericides.
DBNPA Usage


1. It is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
2. It can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
3. Its branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
4. This product has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.


The biocide 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is the second most commonly used biocide in UOG after glutaraldehyde. DBNPA is a fast-acting electrophilic biocide; it is quick and effective in contact, but the protection is not long lasting. This biocide inhibits essential biological functions by reacting with nucleophiles (particularly sulfur-containing nucleophiles) inside the cell. DBNPA, and some of its degradation products, can also be harmful to humans and animals. These associated compounds have been demonstrated to be moderately to highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation, can be corrosive to eyes, and have been shown in terrestrial and aquatic animal studies to cause developmental issues.


DBNPA is not toxic to all life, however, as it is biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with a reported biotic half-life of less than 4 h under both conditions at neutral pH. However, the hydrolysis and aquatic photolysis half-life of this compound are pH-dependent, with faster degradation occurring at a more alkaline pH. For example, the abiotic half-lives of DBNPA at pH 5, 7, and 9 are 67 days, 63 h, and 73 min, respectively. Conversely, low pH has been characteristic of HF-impacted streams, which thus provide favorable conditions for the stability of DBNPA and its degradation products.


DBNPA is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions. The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of DBNPA into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds. This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly. DBNPA is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes. The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine. The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.


Broad Spectrum Non Oxidising Biocide:
Active Ingredients: min 98% 2,2-Dibromo-3-NitriloPropionamide (DBNPA) assay Highly effective against a wide range of common water borne organisms with proven efficacy against Legionella. Accepta 6404 will control these organisms and help to control microbiological fouling.


Compatibility with other water treatment chemicals and water conditions: DBNPA is compatible with other treatment chemicals with the exception of mercaptobenzothiazole. It also is not compatible with ammonia or hydrogen sulfide-containing water. DBNPA maintains reliable control in systems running at acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH.
Degradation in water: DBNPA degrades quickly in aqueous environments. At neutral pH, its half-life is about nine hours. Continuous biocide release by the tablet maintains concentrations effective for control in the tower, while the biocide in the blowdown discharge degrades quickly. So it’s easy to meet strict environmental regulations on tower discharge.
Is DBNPA an oxidizer?
DBNPA is not an oxidizing biocide and it is not a bromine release biocide. DBNPA does act similar to the typical halogen biocides.
DBNPA is a biocide used in a variety of industrial processes to control algae, bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Formulations include tablets and both solid and liquid soluble concentrates. DBNPA is applied through intermittent, initial, intermittent, maintenance, during manufacture and continuous feed treatments, using metering pumps, drip feed devices and other types of industrial equipment. A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit is required for discharges to waterways.
DBNPA is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide. It provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water. The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
Compatibility with other water treatment chemicals and water conditions: DBNPA is compatible with other treatment chemicals with the exception of mercaptobenzothiazole. It also is not compatible with ammonia or hydrogen sulfide-containing water. DBNPA maintains reliable control in systems running at acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH.


The Koc of DBNPA is estimated as 58(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.80 and a regression-derived equation. According to a classification scheme, this estimated Koc value suggests that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil.
The Henry's Law constant for DBNPA is estimated as 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg, and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L. This Henry's Law constant indicates that DBNPA is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces. DBNPA's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). DBNPA is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure.
The disappearance of DBNPA at 50 ppm in soil was more rapid than when present in an aqueous solution at a similar pH. Degradation in 7 soils was measured; half-lives of 4, 12, 15, 15, 6, 25, and 15 hours were reported for a sandy loam (pH 7.5), loam (pH 4.8), silty loam (pH 5.8), sandy loam (pH 6.5), loamy sand (pH 5.8), silty clay loam (pH 5.1), and loam (pH 4.8) soil, respectively. DBNPA has a half-life of less than 4 hours in an aerobic aquatic metabolism study. Dibromoacetic acid (reached 66% of applied at 0 hour, 9% at hour 5) and 2-cyanoacetamide (reached 56.5% of applied at hour 5, 2.3% at day 30) were the major degradates. Other degradates include oxalic acid, bromoacetic acid, bromoacetamide, and dibromoacetonitrile. Oxalic acid, 2-cyanoacetamide (16% by day 2) and bromoacetamide (2% by day 2) were found in the sediment layer. DBNPA, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test classifying the compound as not readily biodegradable. Microbial degradation of DBNPA has been demonstrated by the use of tracer techniques (14C-radio-labeled) which yielded 40% 14-CO2 after two weeks in the presence of waste treatment sludge.
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitilopropionamide has a half-life of less than 4 hours in an anaerobic aquatic metabolism study; residues were mainly found in the aqueous layer. Concentrations of the two main degradates 2-cyanoacetamide (reached 56% of applied within 7 days) and dibromoacetic acid (reached 27% of applied at 0 hr, 17% by day 48) were measured. Other minor degradates include oxalic acid, bromoacetamide and dibromoactonitrile. 2-Cyanoacetamide, dibromoacetonitrile and bromoacetamide were found in the sediment layer. The anaerobic metabolism study includes degradation due to both biotic and abiotic mechanisms.
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of DBNPA with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Less than 1% of a 4000 ppm aqueous solution of DBNPA remained after 28 days exposure to sunlight; 91% of the added DBNPA was still present in the dark control after the same period of time. Dibromoacetic acid (63.7%) is the major degradate at pH 5 (half-life of 14.8 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 38.6%) and at pH 7 (half-life of 6.9 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 74.9%) in aqueous photolysis studies. Hydrolysis half-lives of 155, 8.8, 5.8, 2.0, and 0.34 hours were measured at pH values of 6.0, 7.3, 7.7, 8.0, and 8.9, respectively. The half-life of DBNPA is 67 days at pH 5, 63 hours at pH 7, and 73 minutes at pH 9. Dibromoacetic acid (30.6% of applied), dibromoacetonitrile (54.5% of applied), and dibromoacetonitrile (38.6% of applied) are the major degradates at pH values of 5, 7, and 9, respectively.
DBNPA's production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80 and a regression-derived equation, indicates that DBNPA is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L. According to a classification scheme, an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow and a regression-derived equation, suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Degradation in water is due to both abiotic and biotic processes. Hydrolysis half-lives of 67 days, 63 hours, and 73 minutes were measured for DBNPA at pH 5, 7, and 9, respectively. Dibromoacetic acid is the major degradate at pH 5 while dibromoacetonitrile is the major degradate at pH values of 7 and 9. The half-life of DBNPA is less than 4 hours in anaerobic and aerobic metabolism studies. Degradates include oxalic acid, 2-cyanoacetamide, bromoacetamide, dibromoacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetonitrile; the concentration of each degradate over time varies with the oxygen condition. DBNPA is susceptible to photodegradation in water; <1% of initial DBNPA remained after exposure to sunlight for 28 days. Sunlight degrades DBNPA in water at rates that become relatively fast compared to hydrolysis at pH less than 5.
According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, DBNPA, which has a vapor pressure of 9X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C, will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase DBNPA is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method. Based on photolysis studies showing degradation in aqueous solution exposed to sunlight (99% loss in 28 days), DBNPA is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere(SRC).


The application of the compacted DBNPA, has several advantages:
a) Use of a concentrated solid biocide (>95 wt % active material), and the avoidance of an organic solvent which is required as a co-solvent to prepare an aqueous formulation.
b) Simplification of operation and minimization of handling, resulted in less exposure of the user to the harmful biocide.
c) Increased logistic efficiency and minimization of environmental pollution.
According to the invention, it has been found that powdered DBNPA (such as 98 wt % active material) can be compacted in a dry-process, without the addition of a binder, to yield a product in either a tablet and/or a granular and/or a briquette and/or a pellet form.
According to the invention, the process for compacting powdered DBNPA provides high quality tablets at a moderate pressure of 1300 kg/cm2. More specifically, the process is characterized in that DBNPA is compressed with a pressure of at least 500 kg/cm2, to yield a compacted DBNPA pellet or tablet. Preferably, the pressure employed is between about 1000 and 2000 kg/cm2. Thus, for instance, the density obtained under a compaction pressure of 1500 kg/cm2 (2.1 g/cm3) is 88% of the theoretical density of DBNPA.
Preferred compacted biocidal products of the present invention, are those comprising at least 97% (by wt) DBNPA, and between 0 and about 3% (by wt) of water and/or inert ingredient.
The following examples are provided merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner.


2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a biocide which is used in industrial water treatment, cooling systems and paper mills. DBNPA is an efficient biocide with a rapid microbiocidal broad-spectrum activity, especially in water systems that contain high organic loads.
The main current application of DBNPA is as a liquid formulation, which contains a mixture of water and an organic solvent such as a glycol (for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), ethylene glycol, etc.) and others. The active ingredient (DBNPA) is only 5-25% of such liquid formulation. The addition of an organic solvent is required for dissolution of the relatively water-insoluble DBNPA into a liquid formulation.
Prior art teaches the production of DBNPA as a powdered material which can be used for the preparation of a liquid or solid formulation.


Several types of sustained-release compositions containing DBNPA have been described:
1) EP 285 209 recites a solid sustained release antimicrobial composition (in a tablet form), comprising 1 to 90% by wt of a halogenated amide (including DBNPA) antimicrobial agent, 10 to 80% by wt of a hydrophilic polymer, 0 to 80% by wt of a compression agent and 0 to 10% by wt of a mold release agent. A composition comprising 40% DBNPA, 30% Methocel (water soluble cellulose polymer), 27% CaHPO4 (as compressing agent) and 3% stearic acid, was specifically demonstrated.
2) WO 98/25458 discloses a solid sustained-release tablet consisting of DBNPA admixed with a water-soluble natural or synthetic polymer. Besides the addition of a synthetic polymer into the formulation, the tablet is coated with an additional water-soluble cellulosic polymer.
3) WO 99/18162 discloses a biocidal powder coating composition comprising thermoplastic and/or thermosetting resins based on epoxy, polyester, acrylic or polyurethane resins. The biocide used is a liquid bio-active material (including DBNPA) and/or specially selected solid bio-active materials (for example, solid thiazine-thiones, thiolphthalimides, and others). The biocides are homogeneously mixed or bonded with the particles of the powder.
The process of preparing said biocidal powder coating composition is characterized by blending the components of the powder coating composition in a premixer, followed by feeding the mixture into an extruder, heating to a temperature high enough to melt and mix most of the major components, and cooling to a solid form.
4) EP 953 284 discloses a composition (in a tablet form) for delivering the DBNPA biocide to an oil field fracturing fluid, comprising effervescing agents such as sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and borax. The composition comprises about 35-65% DBNPA, about 15-28% sodium carbonate, 15-27% citric acid and up to about 20% borax.
5) EP 954 966 recites controlled release compositions comprising a biologically active compound, including DBNPA, and a hydroxystyrene polymer (e.g. hydroxystyrene homopolymer, methylhydroxystyrene homopolymer, halohydroxystyrene homopolymer and their copolymers). The weight ratio of DBNPA to the polymer is from 0.1:99.9 to 95:5.
The above prior art is related to sustained-release formulations (including in a tablet form) which contain various additives, such as polymeric matrix, binders and compression agents in significant amount. However, no free DBNPA compound in a compacted form has been used and/or described in the literature. The ability to provide an almost net content of the active compacted material (such as in a tablet, granule, pellet or briquette form) is most certainly a significant advantage.


The handling of the existing DBNPA powdered solid material requires severe safety precautions due to the hazardous nature of this biocide, especially in a fine powdered form.
An additional problem concerning the application of powdered DBNPA, is the tendency of the powder to agglomerate, creating lumps and a bulky material. This phenomenon reduces the flowability of the product and causes handling and safety problems.


In view of these disadvantages of powdered DBNPA there is a need for a safer, easy to handle and user-friendly densified particulate DBNPA. Such DBNPA should be free of said agglomeration phenomena. As was mentioned above, the densified forms known in the art have the considerable drawback of requiring the addition of binders and fillers to obtain suitable solid forms of the biocide. Therefore, compacted forms known in the art do not provide net or almost net contents of active material in the tablet, granule, briquette or pellet form. It has now been found that it is possible to prepare compacted forms of DBNPA which have sufficient strength and provide a slow release of the active material into the water without losing their compacted nature. It has further been surprisingly found that it is possible to prepare compacted forms of this biocide, without employing any binder or filler.
An important environmental feature of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), . High performance liquid chromatography analyses of ppm-concentrations of DBNPA and its degradation products in laboratory tests of several natural water samples were used to follow the reactions involved. A hydrolysis pathway leads to dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) and other products. The presence of organic material in the water leads to degradation by a second pathway in which monobromonitrilopropionamide (MBNPA) and several other degradation products are formed. The model describes quantitative relationships of DBNPA dosage and the natural water's organic material content, as measured by total organic carbon (TOC), in the degradation pathways of DBNPA.
DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions. It is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid. DBNPA acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
DBNPA is used in a wide variety of applications. Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries. It is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
DBNPA 99% is a fast-acting, non-oxiziding biocide. It has outstanding environmental properties because it is non-persistent and degrades to naturally-occurring products. DBNPA 99% provides efficient, cost-effective microbiological control at low use concentrations.


Product Benefits
1. Able to eradicate a wide range of microbes (fungal, bacterial, algal)
2. Minimizes production downtime and delays due to contamination
3. Environmentally friendly
4. Handling ease
5. Does not contribute problematic components to
6. formulations or create long term health and safety concerns
Usage: For water treatment agents, bactericidal algaecides, paper pulp, and pharmaceutical intermediates
Use range: It is mainly used as a bactericidal algaecide to prevent bacteria and algae from growing in paper industry water, industrial cooling water, air conditioning water, metalworking lubricants, water emulsions, pulp, wood, plywood and coatings, and fibers.
Precautions:
The aqueous solution is relatively stable under acidic conditions and is easily hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. Raising the pH, heating, and irradiating with ultraviolet or fluorescent light can greatly increase the dissolution rate. Easy to be deoxidized by reducing agents such as hydrogen sulfide to become non-toxic amines of cyanoacetic acid, greatly reducing the bactericidal rate.
Formulations comprised of DBNPA and organic solvents contribute more chemical oxygen demand than if DBNPA is employed alone or with non-organic solvents because organic solvents serve as a feeding ground for microorganisms by providing nutrients. Therefore, even though the DBNPA may destroy a majority of the microorganisms before it degrades, a few microorganisms still survive. Those few microoganisms multiply very rapidly in the presence of an organic solvent. Therefore, when DBNPA-treated waste water containing an organic solvent is released to the environment, or even if it is in a closed system, chemical oxygen demand will increase significantly over time due to the rapidly multiplying microorganisms consuming oxygen in the water.
It would be desirable to discover liquid formulations of DBNPA that utilize water as a suspending medium and in which the DBNPA is protected to prevent or reduce the decomposition or degradation thereof. This type of formulation would not only reduce the chemical oxygen demand as compared to the present commercial formulations which employ polyalkylene glycols, but such a formulation would also be less expensive. It would also be advantageous if a wide range of concentrations of DBNPA could be employed in the formulations.


Properties:
White crystals. Melting point of 125℃, it can soluble in common organic solvents (such as acetone, benzene, dimethylformamide, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), slightly soluble in water (25 ℃, 100g water dissolved 1.5g). Its aqueous solution is more stable under acidic conditions, and easy hydrolysis in alkaline conditions. Increasing the pH value, heating with ultraviolet light or fluorescent light, can make its dissolution rate greatly accelerated. Easy to be reductant, such as hydrogen bromide and bromine into non-toxic cyanide acetamide, the sterilization rate greatly reduced. When its pH value increase from 6.7 to 9.7, the half-life will change from 37.0h into 0.11h.


Usage:
It is used as anti-microbial agent, controlling bacterial, fungal and algal growth in industrial water systems like cooling towers, pulp and paper mill process water, oil-recovery systems and air-conditioning systems.
It is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
DBNPA (also 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a white to yellow powder which can be used as a quick-kill biocide to control slime and microbial fouling in oil well, water treatment, paper mill and other industries. DBNPA biocide can easily be hydrolyzed under both alkaline and acidic conditions and quickly kill microorganism. After that, DBNPA will be degraded to ammonia and bromide ion. It is an excellent combination of rapid degradation and faster microbial kill at low ppm concentrations. Dowicil qk-20, one of DBNPA formulated products by 20% pruity with polyethylene glycol and water, is completely miscible with water and readily disperses into a waterborne system. DBNPA biocide can also be effectivly combinated with glutaraldehyde solution to control the microbial growth in cooling water systems.


Usages:
DBNPA based antimicrobial product applications:
♦Enhanced oil recovery systems
♦Pulp & paper mills
♦Cooling systems like recirculating cooling towers
♦Heat exchangers
♦Industrial water-purification like reverse osmosis (RO)
♦Evaporative condensers
♦Sewage systems


DBNPA is an active ingredient (98%) that can be used to prepare fast-acting, efficient biocides for controlling microbial, fungal and algal growth in industrial water systems such as cooling towers, pulp and paper mill process water, oil-recovery systems, metal-cutting coolants, and air-conditioning systems.
DBNPA is a manufacturing use pesticide used in formulating microbiocidal bactericides. End use formulations are used to control microbial, fungal and algal growth in industrial water system such as cooling towers, evaporative condensers, pulp and papermill effluents, oil-recovery systems, metal-cutting coolants, air-conditioning systems (effective against Legionella).


Description:
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions. This product is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water. 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals. This substance works just like the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries. 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
DBNPA is used in formulating biocides. It is used as a preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills , oil field and leather process. It is used in water treatment process.
DBNPA 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide CAS 10222-01-2 is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions. DBNPA is white crystalline powder, melting point, 122-125℃,PH value, 5--5.5. DBNPA is soluble in common organic solvents (such as acetone,benzene, dimethylformamide, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, etc.),slightly soluble in water. Under acidic conditions, its aqueous solution is more stable. Raising the PH, heating or being exposured under UV and fluorescent light can fasten its dissolving. DBNPA is used in a wide variety of applications. Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries. It is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

DBNPA 20% (2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE)
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has been documented as a useful antimicrobial agent in a number of industrial applications, due to its rapid rate of kill at relatively low use-concentrations, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, chemical nonpersistence, and low environmental impact.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), is a chemical compound used as a biocide or antimicrobial agent.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications, including cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, oil and gas extraction, and various other water-based systems.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) works by releasing bromine when it comes into contact with water, and bromine is known for its biocidal properties.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is available commercially as a 20% active solution in a water/polyethylene glycol blend.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
A discussion on the use of a non-oxidizing, fast-acting antimicrobial agent with a short chemical half-life, in various aspects of metalworking-fluid production and utilization, presented at the 59th STLE Annual Meeting (Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5/17-20/2004), covers lubricant degradation/stability-microbial; indirect food-contact approvals for DBNPA; decomposition pathways; microbiology.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) as a preservative enhancer; efficacy of DBNPA; and methods of addition of DBNPA to water-based systems.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) works just like the typical halogen biocides.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is white crystals.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc.
The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
The solid Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is an efficient germicide for the recycling water system.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.

Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
Melting point 125℃, soluble in ordinary organic solvents (such as Acetone, Benzene, Dimethylformamide, Ethanol,Polyethylene glycol, etc.).

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.
The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.
Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.
The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.
This mode of action makes Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) effective against a wide range of microorganisms.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.
This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.

This quick action is particularly advantageous in systems where prompt biocidal activity is crucial.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) typically leaves low or no residual in treated water systems, which means that its effects are relatively short-lived.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery
operations.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.
Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) in specific industries and regions.
Compliance with regulations regarding water quality, discharge, and environmental impact is essential.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates and solid forms.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used for microbial control, its environmental impact should be considered.
Efforts should be made to minimize discharges of biocidal residues into natural water systems, and users should adhere to environmental regulations.

Regulatory requirements for Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can vary by region and industry.
Users should be aware of and comply with relevant regulations, including those related to water quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental protection.
In some cases, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in combination with other biocides or antimicrobial agents to enhance efficacy or broaden the spectrum of activity.

The choice of biocide or combination of biocides depends on the specific application and microbial challenges.
Regular monitoring and testing of water systems treated with Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) are essential to ensure that the desired level of microbial control is maintained.
This may involve microbial counts, water quality analysis, and other relevant tests.

Preparing chloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, dialkyl amino acrolein, amino-acetal, and methyl cyanoacetate as starting material.
Cyanoacetamide is first made and then you get the Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) biocide by Cyanoacetamide bromination.
The synthesis method of chloroacetic acid as starting material: chloroacetic acid neutralizes sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloroacetate.

Then sodium chloroacetate reacts with sodium cyanide in a butanol solution to produce sodium of cyanoacetic acid.
The concentration of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) in a formulation can vary, and it is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for proper dosing to achieve effective microbial control without overdosing.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, some microorganisms may develop resistance over time.

Rotating or combining biocides with different modes of action is a common strategy to minimize the risk of resistance development.
The effectiveness of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be influenced by the pH of the water.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is generally effective in a wide pH range, but the optimal pH conditions for its biocidal activity may depend on the specific formulation.

Like many chemicals, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Users should take appropriate precautions during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles.
This can be advantageous in applications where maintaining a low level of residual biocide is desirable.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/or pellet form.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.
This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.
The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent biogrowth/biofouling.
One option is the chemical, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s efficacy may be influenced by the specific chemistry of the water being treated.
Factors such as water hardness, alkalinity, and the presence of other chemicals can impact the biocidal performance.
Conducting water quality analyses can help optimize Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) usage.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) itself is known for its low persistence in the environment, the breakdown products resulting from its degradation should be considered.
Understanding the biodegradability of these by-products contributes to assessing the overall environmental impact.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) should be aware of potential health hazards associated with exposure.

To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) concentration in the feed water.
Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.

Only very limited information on the suitability of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.
Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) a higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.
The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.

The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.
Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties. It has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
The sterilization rate can reach over 99% in 5~10 minutes.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) was compared to the other three biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.
Quick kill broad-spectrum microbiocide, fungicide and algaecide.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment.
At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Compatibility testing can help prevent any undesirable interactions that might lead to corrosion or degradation of materials.
In some systems, there may be the potential for the regeneration of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), especially if it degrades or reacts with other components.
Monitoring and adjusting dosages based on water quality conditions can help maintain effective microbial control.

Effluent from industrial processes treated with Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may contain residues of the biocide.
Understanding the downstream effects on receiving waters and ecosystems is important to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Prior to introducing Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) into a water system, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted.

This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.
Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.

Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) in a specific application is important for optimal performance.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.

Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important.
Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.

Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.
Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.
Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.
Users should consider the compatibility of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

Volatilization of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.

Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.
Understanding the persistence of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.
However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.

Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).

Uses:
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications to control microbial growth in cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, and oil and gas extraction processes.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used to control bacteria and other microorganisms in oil and gas production systems, including pipelines and storage tanks.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is applied in the pulp and paper industry to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the water used during the papermaking process.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as a preservative in metalworking fluids to prevent bacterial and fungal growth, thereby extending the life of these fluids.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed in some formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as a preservative in adhesives and sealants to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used in hydraulic fluids to prevent microbial contamination and degradation of the fluid.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used to prevent microbial growth in water-based systems used in textile processing.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.

Mainly Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as a non-food biocide within the paper industry and as preservatives for coatings and slurries.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used in formulating biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.
In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.

In the leather industry, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.
In the production of fuel ethanol, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), in specific concentrations and formulations, may find use as a laboratory reagent for certain applications.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed to prevent microbial contamination in metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations to cool and lubricate metal surfaces.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be applied in membrane bioreactors to control microbial growth and fouling on membranes used in wastewater treatment.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.

As the biocides in broad-spectrum, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.
This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.
Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.
At the same time, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is branches can selectively brominate or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, resulting in microbial death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be arbitrarily soluble, low toxicity.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used as a biocide, particularly in water treatment applications.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used in water treatment process.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.

The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.
In healthcare settings, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.

In geothermal heating and cooling systems, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be utilized to prevent microbial fouling and contamination in the water circulating through the system.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can also be used as a slime control agent.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.

As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in certain formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product integrity.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be applied to irrigation water in agricultural settings to control microbial growth, ensuring that the water used for irrigation is free from harmful microorganisms.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.

Safety Profile:
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be corrosive to metals and may cause damage to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, when handling this chemical.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to DBNPA may lead to sensitization, where individuals may develop an allergic reaction upon subsequent exposure.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) a severe skin and eye irritant.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Contact with the skin or eyes may cause redness, irritation, and discomfort.

As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling and use.
The appropriate safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer should be consulted for specific information on handling, storage, and emergency measures.
DBTDL ( DBTL )
SYNONYMS Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane, Dibutyl bis(lauroyloxy)tin CAS NO:77-58-7
D-CAMPHOR
DCCNa ,Dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium salt dihydrate ,sdic;acl60;DCCNA;nadcc;oci56;CDB 63;simpla;cp17254;dikonit;PRESEPT ,Sodium dichloroisocyanurate CAS No.2893-78-9
DCCNa
2,4-DICHLORO-3,5-DIMETHYLPHENOL; dichloorxylenol; 2,4-Dichloro-1,3-xylenol; 2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol; 3,5-Dimethyl-2,4- dichlorophenol; Dichloroxylenol; Ottacide CAS NO:133-53-9
DCO {DEHYDRATED CASTOR OIL}
Fatty acids, dehydrated castor-oil, DCOFA; Fatty acids, dehydrated castor-oil; Castor oil fatty acid, dehydrated CAS NO:61789-45-5
DCOFA (DEHYDRATED CASTOR OIL FATTY ACID)
DICYCLOPENTADIENE; Cyclopentadiene dimer; Bis(cyclopentadiene); 4,7-Methanoindene, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-; Bicyclopentadiene; DCPD; Dicyklopentadien; Dimer cyklopentadienu; Tetracyclo-[5.2.1.02,6]decane; 1,3-Cyclopentadiene, dimer; 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene; Tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3,8-diene; 4,7-Methylene-4,7,8,9-tetrahydroindene; 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene CAS NO:77-73-6
DDMAC 80
DDAC; Dimethyldidecylammonium chloride; 1-Decanaminium; N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride; Didecyldimethylammonium chloride; Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; Quaternium-12 CAS:7173-51-5
Decabromodiphenyl Ethane
CYCLIC PENTAMER-D5; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXAN; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE; Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)Cyclic Pentamer-D5; VOLASIL(TM) 245; 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane; CD3770; cyclicdimethylsiloxanepentamer; Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-; D3770; Decamethylcylopentasiloxane; Decaαthyl-pentasil-pentoxan; Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan; Dimethylsiloxane pentamer; dimethylsiloxanepentamer CAS NO:541-02-6
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE = DECAMETHYL-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-PENTAOXAPENTASILECANE = D5


CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9
MDL number: MFCD00046966
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5



Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is an organosilicon compound.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a volatile polydimethyl cyclosiloxanes, mainly by decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane composition.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is clear, odorless, basically odorless, non-greasy.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is an essential coupling agent.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading and lubrication properties and unique volatility characteristics.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, is part of the cyclomethicone family of silicones.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is molecular model of the silicone fluid decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (C10.H30.O5.Si5), also known as D5.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane, mainly composed of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is colorless and transparent liquid, with low flow point and fast reaction speed.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.




USES and APPLICATIONS of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane can be used in antiperspirants, bath oils, deodorants, skin creams, lotions, suntan and shaving products, nail polishes.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane has faster drying time in low VOC formulate in hair sprays.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is employed in cosmetics like deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and personal care products.
Furthermore, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is used in silicone based personal lubricants.


In addition, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic volatile methylsiloxane used in hair conditioners, thereby brushing the hair without breakage.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is widely used in cosmetics and body care products, Such as skin care, sunscreen, makeup, hair conditioning products, good compatibility with most of the alcohol and other cosmetic solvents.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane can be directly used as the carrier, the main raw material or an additive, as well as in aqueous systems by the method of emulsification.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is main raw material for the silicone rubber and silicone oil, and widely used in rubber filler processing and cosmetics.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.


Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is used a cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is used intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxane.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane widely used in cosmetics and body care products, Such as skin care, sunscreen, makeup, hair conditioning products, good compatibility with most of the alcohol and other cosmetic solvents.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane be directly used as the carrier, the main raw material, also can be used as an additive; and be used in aqueous systems by the method of Emulsification.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is widely used in cosmetics and body care products and has good compatibility with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a silicone fluid commonly used in cosmetics such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products to lubricate, waterproof and provide shine.


Like all other silicones, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane has a unique fluidity that makes it easily spreadable.
When applied to the skin and hair, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane gives a silky and soft feeling to the touch and acts as a mild water repellent by forming a protective barrier on the skin.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane improves the texture of formulations, giving them a smooth and silky feel.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a clear, odorless, thin liquid that a person may find in many skincare and cosmetic products.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane forms a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which is why many companies use it in antifrizz and detangling products.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is also water-resistant.
This is why companies commonly use it in sealants and windshield coatings.
A person may find Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, such as: sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, hair spray, shampoo, conditioner, antifrizz products, anti-hair-breakage products, hair-detangling products, pomade makeup, makeup remover, and night cream


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is idely used in cosmetics and body care products, it has good compatibility with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents.
The primary function of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is to work as an emollient.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane can also give products a silky feel, which allows them to glide smoothly and deliver any active ingredients to the body evenly.


Manufacturers also use Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane as a solvent to help deliver active ingredients in a product to the skin or hair.
However, unlike other silicones, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is volatile, which means that it quickly evaporates and dries when applied to the skin.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is widely used in cosmetics and human care products, with most of the alcohol and other cosmetic solvents have good compatibility


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is widely used in cosmetics and human care products, with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents have good compatibility
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is used in cosmetic products such as sunblocks, hair sprays and hair conditioners.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane has good compatibility with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents and is widely used in cosmetics and human body care products, such as skin care, sunscreen, makeup, hair conditioning products.


Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane can be directly used as a carrier, the main raw materials, can also be used as additives.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane can also be used in water - based systems by emulsification.
Cosmetic Uses of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane: hair conditioning, skin conditioning, andskin conditioning - emollient solvents.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient found in hundreds of personal care products.


-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane because of its volatility it can provide a silky feel and have good compatibility with a variety of cosmetic ingredients, low crystallization temperature , good spreadability. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane can be widely used in cosmetics as following:
1. Antiperspirant, deodorant: active salt instantaneous carrier;
2. Hair Care: improve wet combing without residue;
3. Skin Care: non-comedogenic original softeners and drug carriers;
4. Perfume: the release of flavor and provide a smooth skin feeling non-cold feeling.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Comply with non-volatile requirements in the United States Pharmacopoeia:
1. antiperspirants, deodorant: 3-10%;
2. Hair Care: 1-5%;
3. Skin Care: 3-10%;
4. Perfume: 0.5-3%.


-Application of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane:
*A base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rubout and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.
*Antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and
stick products, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, nail polishes.
*In sticks, it has the right balance between volatility and spreading.


-Application of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane:
*Hair care:
Reduce drying time and sticky feel.
*Skin care:
Not stimulating, not blocked, more easily smear, reduce the greasy feeling, fast absorption Sweat, deodorant: reduce the adhesion, the surface of the clothing does not leave marks, increase the smoothness.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE?
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane offers minimal benefits to the skin. Companies primarily add Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane to skincare products to improve their sensory feel and texture.
However, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane has other properties that boost the effectiveness of formulations.

*Lightweight carrier:
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is an effective carrier, or solvent, due to its ability to evaporate quickly.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane helps to evenly coat the skin with active ingredients without leaving a heavy, sticky, or tacky residue after application.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane leaves the active ingredients to work from the skin’s surface as they evaporate.

*Forms a protective barrier:
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane also acts as an emollient that adds a protective barrier to the skin.
However, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly and does not stay on the skin surface, so it does not leave a sticky feel.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane leaves a protective yet breathable layer on the skin.

*Facilitates a smooth application and delivery:
Cyclopentasiloxane helps make formulations feel smooth and silky for a smooth and easy application. It allows products to spread evenly over the skin so that all areas of the skin receive key ingredients from a product.

*Improves the appearance of scars:
Many silicone gel preparations use Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane as a carrier to deliver other silicone ingredients to the skin.



ADVANTAGES of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
• Volatile carrier
• Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
• Low surface tension
• Imparts soft silky feel to the skin
• Excellent spreading
• Leaves no oily residue or build up
• Detackification
• Non-greasy



PRODUCTION AND POLYMERIZATION of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Commercially Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane can be removed by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer.
D4 and Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.



ADVANTAGES of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane has the following properties:
1. To bring the skin soft, silky feel;
2. good spreadability;
3. release;
4. Not greasy.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -38 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 90 °C at 13 hPa - lit.
210 °C at 1.013 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 73 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 645,15 K

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: < 0,00001 g/l at 23 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 8,023 at 25,3 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,3 hPa at 25 °C
41 hPa at 110,6 °C

Density: 0,958 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 0,96 at 20 °C
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)

Fp: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.959
color: Colorless
Molecular Weight: 370.77
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 0

Exact Mass: 370.09395673
Monoisotopic Mass: 370.09395673
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 20
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 258
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Density: 0.958
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90°C
Flash point: 162°F
Index of Refraction: 1.396
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Purity(GC): ≥99.0%

Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molar Mass: 370.77
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -44°C
Boling Point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Flash Point: 162°F
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
Vapor Presure: 33.2Pa at 25℃

Appearance: Liquid
Specific Gravity 0.959
Color: Colorless
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Stability: Stable.
Sensitive: 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Explosive Limit: 0.52-7%(V)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Control of environmental exposure.
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Cyclopentamethicone
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
D5
D5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
541-02-6
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
CYCLOMETHICONE
Ciclopentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone D5
0THT5PCI0R
Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Dow corning 345 fluid
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
Dow corning 345
NUC silicone VS 7158
Silicon SF 1202
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
MFCD00046966
Union carbide 7158 silicone fluid
KF 995
VS 7158
D5-sil
CCRIS 1328
HSDB 5683
EINECS 208-764-9
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane
SF 1202
BRN 1800166
D5 Cyclomethicone
D5
dimethylcyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
DSSTox_CID_7184
JEESILC CPS-211
EC 208-764-9
DSSTox_RID_78338
DSSTox_GSID_27184
SCHEMBL28497
N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane
XIAMETER PMX-0245
4-04-00-04128
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)
CHEMBL1885178
DTXSID1027184
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
CHEBI:191092
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%
CYCLOMETHICONE 5
BCP15826
Tox21_303170
CD3770
KF-995
AKOS008901199
ZINC169743678
CS-W009767
DB11244
DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
NCGC00163981-01
NCGC00257224-01
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5)
AS-59731
CAS-541-02-6
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5
D1890
D3770
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)
FT-0665531
DOW CORNING UP-1002 ULTRA PURE FLUID
D78203
S05475
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard
Q414350
decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
D5 Cyclomethicone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
DecaMethylcyclopentasiloxane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
CD3770
cyclicdimethylsiloxanepentamer
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
D3770
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
siliconsf1202
unioncarbide7158siliconefluid
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Botanisil CP 33
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane Pentamer
Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone Pentamer 245
Cyclomethicone 5
Cyclopentadimethylsiloxane
Cyclopentasiloxane
D5
DC 2-5252C
DC 245
DC 345 Fluid
Dow Corning 2-5252C
Dow Corning 245 Fluid
Dow Corning 345 Fluid
Dow Corning 345EU
Execol D 5
KF 995
LS 9000
Mirasil CM 5
NUC Silicone VS 7158
Pentacyclomethicone
SH 245
Silbione 70045V5
Silbione V 5
Silicon Plus α
Silicone SF 1202
TFS 405
TSF 405
TSF 465
Union Carbide 7158 Silicone Fluid; VS 7158
Volasil 245
Volatile Silicone Fluid 345
Xiameter PMX 0245
D3770
KF 995
CD3770
VS 7158
SF 1202
HSDB 5683
CCRIS 1328
BRN 1800166
siliconsf1202
Dow corning 345
Silicon SF 1202
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
NUC silicone VS 7158
Dow corning 345 fluid
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
unioncarbide7158siliconefluid
cyclicdimethylsiloxanepentamer
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Union carbide 7158 silicone fluid
4-04-00-04128
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane

DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)
DESCRIPTION:
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.

CAS Number, 541-02-6
EC Number, 208-764-9

SYNONYMS OF DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5):
Cyclopentamethicone,Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer,D5,D5,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone pentamer 245, Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane



Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in personal care products including skin creams, cosmetics, shampoos, deodorants and conditioners.
D5 is also used in various applications such as industrial cleaning fluids and dry cleaning solvents.


APPLICATIONS OF DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5):
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used as A greener solvent in synthetic chemistry applications.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used as A monomeric unit for polymerization by various base catalysts to obtain polysiloxane polymer.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclopentasiloxane) is a colorless, odorless, volatile liquid cyclic siloxane, safe and environmentally friendly, and has been widely used in health and In beauty products such as deodorants, antiperspirants, cosmetics, shampoos, body lotions, etc., they have good compatibility with alcohol and most other cosmetic solvents.



Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane, mainly composed of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is clear, tasteless, basically odorless, and non-greasy.
performance:

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used as Volatile silicone oil.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) Gives skin a soft and silky feel.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) has Good spreadability.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is Refreshing and non-greasy.

The base oil component of personal care products has good spreadability, easy application, lubrication and unique volatility.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used as Antiperspirant, deodorant, hair spray, facial cleanser, skin cream, lotion and other care products.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used as Shower oil, tanning agent, shaving products, cosmetics, nail polish.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) can also be used as an additive for powder cosmetics, perfumes, Caron perfumes and shaving creams.

When used in strip products, the product has suitable spreadability and volatility.


USES OF DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5):
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants. D5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.

Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.

It was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristics.


PRODUCTION AND POLYMERIZATION OF DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5):
Commercially D5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.

In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:
[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer. D4 and D5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)::
Chemical formula, [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass, 370.770 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colourless liquid
Density, 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point, −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point, 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water, 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C) [2]
log P, 8.07[3]
Vapor pressure, 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C) [4]
Viscosity, 3.74 cP
Quality Level
100
Assay
97%
form
liquid
refractive index
n20/D 1.396 (lit.)
bp
90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density
0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1
InChI
1S/C10H30O5Si5/c1-16(2)11-17(3,4)13-19(7,8)15-20(9,10)14-18(5,6)12-16/h1-10H3
InChI key
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Physical state liquid
Colour various
Odour characteristic

Other safety parameters :
pH (value) not determined
Melting point/freezing point -38 °C at 101.3 kPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range 210 °C at 101.3 kPa
Flash point 82.7 °C at 101.3 kPa
Vapour pressure 33.2 Pa at 25 °C
Partition coefficient - n-octanol/water (log KOW) 8.023 (25.3 °C) (ECHA) -
Soil organic carbon/water (log KOC) 5.17 (ECHA)
Auto-ignition temperature 645.2 K at 101.3 kPa (ECHA)
Viscosity
Kinematic viscosity 3.7 mm²/s at 25 °C
Dynamic viscosity 3.5 mPa s at 25 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo Acetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; DBNPA; Dibromocyanoacetamide; Antimicrobal 7287 CAS:10222-01-2
Decanal
decanol, ethoxylated (3 mol EO average molar ratio); 2- decoxyethanol (peg-3); peg-3 decyl ether; polyethylene glycol (3) decyl ether; polyoxyethylene (3) decyl ether cas no: 26183-52-8
DECANEDIOIC ACID
DECANEDIOIC ACID = SEBACIC ACİD = 1,8-OCTANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID


CAS Number: 111-20-6
EC Number: 203-845-5
MDL Number: MFCD00004440
Molecular formula: C10H18O4 / HOOC(CH2)8COOH


Decanedioic Acid is an organic dicarboxylic acid.
Decanedioic Acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)8(CO2H)2.
Decanedioic Acid is a white flake or powdered solid.
Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, sebum is Latin for tallow, and refers to its use in the manufacture of candles.


Decanedioic Acid is a derivative of castor oil.
Decanedioic Acid is a white granular powder.
Decanedioic Acid's Melting point is 153 °F.
Decanedioic Acid is slightly soluble in water.


Decanedioic Acid sublimes slowly at 750 mmHg when heated to melting point.
Decanedioic Acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.
Decanedioic Acid has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite.
Decanedioic Acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid.


Decanedioic Acid is a conjugate acid of a sebacate(2-) and a sebacate.
Decanedioic Acid derives from a hydride of a decane.
Decanedioic Acid is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.
Decanedioic Acid is a natural C10 liquid fatty acid, directly produced from castor oil.


Decanedioic Acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms.
Decanedioic Acid is a normal urinary acid.
Decanedioic Acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition.


Decanedioic Acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Decanedioic Acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
Decanedioic Acid is a white granular powder.


Decanedioic Acid's Melting point is 153°F.
Decanedioic Acid is slightly soluble in water.
Decanedioic Acid sublimes slowly at 750 mm Hg when heated to melting point.;DryPowder; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals;Solid;WHITE POWDER WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.


Decanedioic Acid, a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC) (CH2)8(COOH), is a naturally occurring chemical derivative of castor oil which has been proven safe in vivo.
Decanedioic Acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms.
Decanedioic Acid is a normal urinary acid.


Decanedioic Acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition.
Decanedioic Acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Decanedioic Acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Decanedioic Acid is white flaky crystal.
Decanedioic Acid is slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether.
Decanedioic Acid is also the raw material for the production of alkyd resins (used as surface coatings, plasticized nitrocellulose coatings, and urea resin varnishes) and polyurethane rubber, cellulose resins, vinyl resins, and synthetic rubber plasticizers, softeners, and solvents.


Decanedioic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC)(CH2)8(COOH), and is naturally occurring.
In its pure state Decanedioic Acid is a white flake or powdered crystal. Decanedioic Acidt is described as non-hazardous, though in its powdered form it can be prone to flash ignition (a typical risk in handling fine organic powders).
Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, sebum (tallow) is Latin for tallow, and refers to its use in the manufacture of candles.


Decanedioic Acid is a derivative of castor oil, with the vast majority of world production occurring in China which annually exports over 20,000 metric tonnes, representing over 90 % of global trade of the product.
Decanedioic Acid is white flaky crystals.
Decanedioic Acid is slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether.


Decanedioic Acid is a urinary metabolite that has been identified as an anti-fatigue biomarker.
Decanedioic Acid was named by Thenard LJ (1802) from the Latin sebaceus(tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Thenard LJ isolated this compound from distillation products of beef tallow.
In 1954, it was reported that Decanedioic Acid was produced in excess of 10,000 tons annually by alkali fission of castor oil.


Decanedioic Acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.
Decanedioic Acid has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite.
Decanedioic Acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid.
Decanedioic Acid is a conjugate acid of a sebacate(2-) and a sebacate.


Decanedioic Acid derives from a hydride of a decane.
Decanedioic Acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid which is a derivative of castor oil.
Decanedioic Acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms.
Decanedioic Acid is a normal urinary acid.


Decanedioic Acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition.
Decanedioic Acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Decanedioic Acid (1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid) is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid.


Decanedioic Acid is an acid derived from castor oil.
Decanedioic Acid is sold in the form of a white, granular powder and sometimes referred to by either of its chemical names: 1,8-octanedicarboxylic acid or decanedioic acid.
Decanedioic Acid is made from castor oil and belongs to the homologous series of dicarboxylic acids.
The best known application of Decanedioic Acid is the production of polyamides.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
Cosmetic Uses of Decanedioic Acid: buffering agents
In the industrial setting, Decanedioic Acid and its homologues such as azelaic acid can be used as a monomer for nylon 610, plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Decanedioic Acid is a urinary metabolite that has been identified as an anti-fatigue biomarker.


Decanedioic Acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Decanedioic Acid is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.
Decanedioic Acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials.


Decanedioic Acid can be used as a synthesis intermediate for sebacates esters which can be used as emollients, masking agent, film forming agent, hair or skin conditioning agent, SPF Booster, etc.
Decanedioic Acid also works as a buffering & neutralizing agent.
Decanedioic Acid is used in skin care, hair care and sun care formulations.


Decanedioic Acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Decanedioic Acid is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.
Decanedioic Acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials


Decanedioic Acid is widely used in the preparation of sebacic acid esters, such as dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl sebacate.
Decanedioic Acid can be used as plasticizers for plastics and cold-resistant rubber, as well as for polyamide, polyurethane, alkyd resin, synthetic lubricating oil, lubricating oil additives, spices, coatings, cosmetics, etc.
Decanedioic Acid can also be used as raw material for producing nylon 1010, nylon 910, nylon 810, nylon 610, nylon 9 and high temperature resistant lubricating oil diethylhexyl ester.


Decanedioic Acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Decanedioic Acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, fuels, lubricants and greases, coating products and fertilisers.


Release to the environment of Decanedioic Acid can occur from industrial use: of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Decanedioic Acid is used as a raw material for alkyd and polyester resins, plasticizers, polyester rubbers, and polyamide synthetic fibers.
Decanedioic Acid is used as a topical emollient.
Decanedioic Acid is used as a stabilizer in alkyd resins, maleic and other polyesters, polyurethanes, and fibers.
Decanedioic Acid is also used in paint products, candles, perfumes, low temperature lubricants, and hydraulic fluids, and to make nylon.


In the industrial setting, Decanedioic Acid and its homologues such as azelaic acid can be used in plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Decanedioic Acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics, and painting materials.
Decanedioic Acid and its derivatives, as azelaic acid, have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, diffusion pump oils, cosmetics, candles, etc.


Decanedioic Acid is also used in the synthesis of polyamide, as nylon, and of alkyd resins.
An isomer, isosebacic acid, has several applications in the manufacture of vinyl resin plasticizers, extrusion plastics, adhesives, ester lubricants, polyesters, polyurethane resins and synthetic rubber.
Decanedioic Acid is largely used in the manufacturing process of Nylon 6-10.


Decanedioic Acid can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids and as a complexing agent in greases.
In particular, Decanedioic Acid is used as a thickener in lithium complex grease.
In addition, Decanedioic Acid can be used as an intermediate in the production of aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials as well as in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.


Decanedioic Acid can also be found in plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, and candle manufacturing.
In cosmetics, Decanedioic Acid can be used as a buffering ingredient for pH adjustment or a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various esters.
Decanedioic Acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.


Decanedioic Acid is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.
Decanedioic Acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials.
Dodecanedioic Acid is mainly used in top-grade powder coatings and paint, adhesives, pulp & paper, chemical and industrial facilities, surfactants, antiseptics.


In combination with Amine, Decanedioic Acid is used to produce engineering plastics polyamide resins wich is a high performance nylon 6-12, adhesives, diester synthetic lubricants, fibers, curatives, plasticizers, polyester coatings, epoxy resins.
When used in a mixture with other dibasic acids Decanedioic Acid is especially effective as a ferrous corrosion inhibitor for metalworking fluids, engine coolants, metal cleaners, aqueous hydraulic fluids.


Decanedioic Acid can also be used as a complexing agent for lithium complex grease which will increase dropping point and improve mechanical stability.
Due to its smoothing and conditioning properties, Jamaican black castor oil is ideal for use in products like cleansers, moisturizers, and ethnic hair care products.


Decanedioic Acid was historically used in candle-making and today has many functions in manufacturing and industrial processing.
Decanedioic Acid is used as source material for various products.
In addition, Decanedioic Acid is used as a crosslinker in the adhesives industry, as a plasticizer in the plastics industry, as a component of lubricants and as an extender in packaging films.


Some of the principal uses of Decanedioic Acid include acting as an intermediate in nylon, synthetic resins and other plastics.
Decanedioic Acid's anti-corrosive properties make it a useful addition to metalworking fluids and antifreeze.
Decanedioic Acid is also an additive and thickener for grease and lubricants, as well as an intermediate in paints and other coatings.


-Metalworking Fluids uses of Decanedioic Acid:
Due to its smoothing and conditioning properties, Jamaican black castor oil is ideal for use in products like cleansers, moisturizers, and ethnic hair care products.


-Lubricants and Greases use of Decanedioic Acid:
The fatty acids in castor oil give it excellent lubricating properties.
You can choose either traditional castor oil or Jamaican black castor oil as a lubricant in metal drawing and other industrial processes.


-Plastics uses of Decanedioic Acid:
Due to its smoothing and conditioning properties, Jamaican black castor oil is ideal for use in products like cleansers, moisturizers, and ethnic hair care products.


-Applications of Decanedioic Acid:
*Polymers
*Plasticizers
*Lubricants
*Corrosion inhibitors


-Uses of Decanedioic Acid:
*Plasticizers
*Lubricants
*Hydraulic Fluids
*Cosmetics
*Candles
*Buffering
*pH Regulating Agent
*pH Adjuster
*Adhesives & Sealants
*Paints & Coatings
*Personal Care Products



PRODUCTION of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
Decanedioic Acid is produced from castor oil by cleavage of ricinoleic acid, which is obtained from castor oil.
Octanol & glycerin is a byproduct.
Decanedioic Acid can also be obtained from decalin via the tertiary hydroperoxide, which gives cyclodecenone, a precursor to sebacic acid.
Almost all of the current industrial production of Decanedioic Acid is using castor oil as raw material.
Castor oil cracking method:

Castor oil is heated under the action of alkali hydrolysis to generate ricinoleic acid sodium soap, and then add sulfuric acid to generate ricinoleic acid; in the presence of diluent cresol, add alkali heated to 260-280 ℃ for cracking to generate Decanedioic Acid double sodium salt and secoctanol and hydrogen, cracked material diluted by water, heated and neutralized with acid, the double sodium salt into a monosodium salt; and then boiled with acid after decolorization of activated carbon neutralization solution.
The monosodium salt of Decanedioic Acid is turned into sebacic acid crystals, and then separated and dried to obtain the finished product.



PURIFICATION METHODS of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
Purify Decanedioic Acid via the disodium salt which, after crystallisation from boiling water (charcoal), is again converted to the free acid.
The free acid is crystallised repeatedly from hot distilled water or from Me2CO/pet ether and dried under vacuum.



REACTIVITY PROFILE of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
Decanedioic Acid reacts exothermically to neutralize bases, both organic and inorganic.
Decanedioic Acid may react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.
Decanedioic Acidan reacts with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions are slow in the dry, but systems may absorb enough water from the air to allow corrosion of iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.
Reacts slowly with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Reacts with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.



THE MAIN METHOD OF PREPARATION of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
(1) Castor oil is as raw material, ricinoleate is separated from castor oil, with the condition of inflating and 280~300℃, caustic soda proceeds alkali fusion and the reaction is heated for 10h, sebum acid sodium salt can obtain, deputy product is 2-octanol.
The sodium salt is dissolved in water, adding sulfuric acid to neutralize, after bleaching, the solution is cooled to precipitate sebum acid, it is washed with cold water, and finally recrystallized.
CH3 (CH2) 5CH (OH) CH2CH = CH (CH2) 7COOH +
2NaOH → CH3 (CH2) 5CH (OH) CH3 + NaOOC (CH2) 8COONa + H2
NaOOC (CH2) 3COONa + H2SO4 → HOOC (CH2) 8COOH + Na2SO4

(2) Adipic acid (hexane diacid) is as raw material to synthesize.
Adipic acid and methanol can proceed esterification reaction to form dimethyl adipate, ion exchange membrane proceeds electrolytic oxidation to get dimer, i.e., dimethyl sebacate, and then reacts with sodium hydroxide to form the disodium salt, hydrochloric acid (or sulfuric acid) is used to neutralize and Decanedioic Acid can obtain.



PREPARATION of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
Decanedioic Acid is normally made from castor oil, which is essentially glycerol triricinoleate.
The castor oil is heated with sodium hydroxide at about 250°e.
This treatment results in saponification of the castor oil to ricinoleic acid which is then cleaved to give 2-octanol and Decanedioic Acid:
This process results in low yields of Decanedioic Acid (about 50% based on the castor oil) but, nevertheless, other routes have not proved competitive.
Decanedioic Acid is a colourless crystalline solid, m.p. 134℃.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
*Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



COMPOUND TYPE of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
*Animal Toxin
*Cosmetic Toxin
*Food Toxin
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Metabolite
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Plasticizer



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
Chemical formula: C10H18O4
Molar mass: 202.250 g·mol−1
Density: 1.209 g/cm3
Melting point: 131 to 134.5 °C (267.8 to 274.1 °F; 404.1 to 407.6 K)
Boiling point: 294.4 °C (561.9 °F; 567.5 K) at 100 mmHg
Solubility in water: 0.25 g/L
Acidity (pKa): 4.720, 5.450
Molecular Weight: 202.25
XLogP3: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Exact Mass: 202.12050905
Monoisotopic Mass: 202.12050905
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 157
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 133 - 137 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 294,5 °C at 133 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,224 g/l at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 105
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: log Pow: 1,5 at 23 °C
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 183 °C
Density: 1,210 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Water Solubility: 0.91 g/L
logP: 1.93
logP: 2.27
logS: -2.4
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.72
Physiological Charge: -2
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 4
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Refractivity: 51.14 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.61 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Melting point: 133-137 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 294.5 °C/100 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.21
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 183 °C)
refractive index: 1.422
Flash point: 220 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: ethanol: 100 mg/mL
form: Powder or Granules
pka: 4.59, 5.59(at 25℃)
color: White to off-white
Water Solubility: 1 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,8415

BRN: 1210591
Stability: Stable.
LogP: 1.5 at 23℃
Appearance: white granular powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 130.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 364.00 to 365.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 235.00 to 234.00 °C. @ 10.00 mm Hg
Flash Point: 389.00 °F. TCC ( 198.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.706 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
water, 1420 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECANEDIOIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Decanedioic acid
1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid
Decane-1,10-dioic acid
sebacic acid
DECANEDIOIC ACID
111-20-6
1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid
1,10-Decanedioic acid
Sebacic acids
Sebacinsaure
Decanedicarboxylic acid
n-Decanedioic acid
Acide sebacique
Sebacinsaeure
USAF HC-1
Ipomic acid
Seracic acid
Decanedioic acid, homopolymer
NSC 19492
UNII-97AN39ICTC
1,8-dicarboxyoctane
26776-29-4
NSC19492
97AN39ICTC
octane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid
CHEBI:41865
NSC-19492
DSSTox_CID_6867
DSSTox_RID_78231
DSSTox_GSID_26867
SebacicAcid
CAS-111-20-6
CCRIS 2290
EINECS 203-845-5
BRN 1210591
n-Decanedioate
Iponic acid
AI3-09127
disodium-sebacate
4-oxodecanedioate
MFCD00004440
1,10-Decanedioate
Sebacic acid, 94%
Sebacic acid, 99%
Dicarboxylic acid C10
1i8j
1l6s
1l6y
1,8-Octanedicarboxylate
WLN: QV8VQ
SEBACIC ACID
EC 203-845-5
SCHEMBL3977
NCIOpen2_008624
SEBACIC ACID
4-02-00-02078
SEBACIC ACID
CHEMBL1232164
DTXSID7026867
Sebacic acid, >=95.0% (GC)
ZINC1531045
Tox21_201778
Tox21_303263
BBL011473
LMFA01170006
s5732
STL146585
AKOS000120056
CCG-266598
CS-W015503
DB07645
GS-6713
HY-W014787
NCGC00164361-01
NCGC00164361-02
NCGC00164361-03
NCGC00257150-01
NCGC00259327-01
BP-27864
NCI60_001628
DB-121158
FT-0696757
C08277
A894762
C10-120
C10-140
C10-180
C10-220
C10-260
C10-298
Q413454
Q-201703
Z1259273339
301CFA7E-7155-4D51-BD2F-EB921428B436
1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid
Decanedioic acid
Octane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid
1,10-Decanedioic Acid
1,8-Octanedicarboxylic Acid
NSC 19492
NSC 97405
n-Decanedioic Acid
1,10-Decanedioate
1,10-Decanedioic acid
1,8-Dicarboxyoctane
1,8-Octanedicarboxylate
1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid
4,7-Dioxosebacic acid
4,7-dioxosebacic acid
4-Oxodecanedioate
4-oxodecanedioate
4-Oxodecanedioic acid
1,10-Decanedioic acid
1,8-Dicarboxyoctane
Decanedioic acid
Sebacinsaeure
1,10-Decanedioate
Decanedioate
Sebacate
1,8-Octanedicarboxylate
1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid
4,7-Dioxosebacic acid
4-Oxodecanedioate
4-Oxodecanedioic acid
Acide sebacique
Decanedicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxylic acid C10
Ipomic acid
N-Decanedioate
N-Decanedioic acid
Sebacic acids
Sebacinsaure
Seracic acid
Sebacic acid, aluminum salt
Sebacic acid, monocadmium salt
Sebacic acid, sodium salt
DECANEDIOIC ACID
sebacic
USAF hc-1
acidesebacique
SEBACIC ACID pure
n-Decanedioic acid
1,10-Decanedioic acid
Decanedicarboxylic acid
sebacate (decanedioate)
1,8-OCTANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
1,10-Decanedioate
1,10-Decanedioic acid
1,8-Octanedicarboxylate
1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid
4,7-Dioxosebacic acid
4-Oxodecanedioate
4-Oxodecanedioic acid
Acide sebacique
Decanedicarboxylic acid
Decanedioate
1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid
1,10-Decanedioic acid
n-Decanedioic acid
4-Oxodecanedioate
1,8-Dicarboxyoctane
Octane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid
Sebacic acid
Ipomic acid
Seracic acid





DECANEDIOIC ACID (SEBACIC ACID)
DESCRIPTION:
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) is a white granular powder.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) has Melting point of 153 °F.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) is Slightly soluble in water.

CAS 111-20-6
European Community (EC) Number 203-845-5
Molecular Formula C10H18O4



SYNONYMS OF DECANEDIOIC ACID (SEBACIC ACID):
1,8-octanedicarboxylic acid,decanedioic acid,decanedioic acid, disodium salt,decanedioic acid, sodium salt,disodium decanedioate,disodium sebacate,sebacic acid,sebacic acid, aluminum salt,sebacic acid, disodium salt,sebacic acid, monocadmium salt,sebacic acid, sodium salt,sebacic acid,DECANEDIOIC ACID,111-20-6,1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid,1,10-Decanedioic acid,Sebacinsaure,Decanedicarboxylic acid,n-Decanedioic acid,Acide sebacique,Sebacinsaeure,USAF HC-1,Ipomic acid,Seracic acid,NSC 19492,UNII-97AN39ICTC,1,8-dicarboxyoctane,26776-29-4,CCRIS 2290,EINECS 203-845-5,97AN39ICTC,BRN 1210591,DTXSID7026867,CHEBI:41865,AI3-09127,NSC19492,NSC-19492,octane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid,POLY(SEBACIC ANHYDRIDE),DTXCID806867,EC 203-845-5,4-02-00-02078 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),MFCD00004440,Sebacinsaure [German],Acide sebacique [French],SEBACIC ACID (MART.),SEBACIC ACID [MART.],SebacicAcid,CAS-111-20-6,n-Decanedioate,Iponic acid,disodium-sebacate,4-oxodecanedioate,1,10-Decanedioate,DECANEDIOC ACID,Sebacic acid, 94%,Sebacic acid, 99%,Dicarboxylic acid C10,1i8j,1l6s,1l6y,1,8-Octanedicarboxylate,WLN: QV8VQ,SEBACIC ACID [MI],SCHEMBL3977,NCIOpen2_008624,SEBACIC ACID [INCI],CHEMBL1232164,FEMA NO. 4943,1,8-OCTANEDCARBOXYLIC ACID,Sebacic acid, >=95.0% (GC),Tox21_201778,Tox21_303263,LMFA01170006,s5732,AKOS000120056,CCG-266598,CS-W015503,DB07645,GS-6713,HY-W014787,NCGC00164361-01,NCGC00164361-02,NCGC00164361-03,NCGC00257150-01,NCGC00259327-01,BP-27864,NCI60_001628,FT-0696757,NS00011501,EN300-19796,C08277,A894762,Q413454,Q-201703,Z104475420,301CFA7E-7155-4D51-BD2F-EB921428B436,1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid; Decanedioic acid; Octane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid



Sebacic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HO2C(CH2)8CO2H.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) is a white flake or powdered solid.
Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, sebum is Latin for tallow, and refers to its use in the manufacture of candles.

Sebacic acid is a derivative of castor oil.
In the industrial setting, sebacic acid and its homologues such as azelaic acid can be used as a monomer for nylon 610, plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) can be used as a surfactant in the lubricating oil industry to increase the antirust properties of lubricating oils on metals.



PRODUCTION OF DECANEDIOIC ACID (SEBACIC ACID):
Sebacic acid is produced from castor oil by cleavage of ricinoleic acid, which is obtained from castor oil.
Octanol & glycerin is a byproduct.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) can also be obtained from decalin via the tertiary hydroperoxide, which gives cyclodecenone, a precursor to sebacic acid.


POTENTIAL MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DECANEDIOIC ACID (SEBACIC ACID):
Sebum is a secretion by skin sebaceous glands.
It is a waxy set of lipids composed of triglycerides (≈41%), wax esters (≈26%), squalene (≈12%), and free fatty acids (≈16%).[4][5]

Included in the free fatty acid secretions in sebum are polyunsaturated fatty acids and sebacic acid.
Sebacic acid is also found in other lipids that coat the skin surface.
Human neutrophils can convert sebacic acid to its 5-oxo analog, i.e., 5-oxo-6E,8Z-octadecenoic acid, a structural analog of 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid and like this oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid is an exceptionally potent activator of eosinophils, monocytes, and other pro-inflammatory cells from humans and other species.

This action is mediated by the OXER1 receptor on these cells.
It is suggested that sebacic acid is converted to its 5-oxo analog during, and thereby stimulates pro-inflammatory cells to contribute to the worsening of, various inflammatory skin conditions.
APPLICATIONS OF DECANEDIOIC ACID (SEBACIC ACID):
Sebacic acid has been used in the synthesis of:
biodegradable and elastomeric polyesters [poly(glycerol sebacate)]
novel bio-nylon, PA5.10
novel temperature-response hydrogel based on poly(ether-ester anhydride) nanoparticle for drug-delivery applications


Major Applications:
Our sebacic acid offers a competitve solution in many applications:

To produce polymers
In industry: to produce plasticizers, lubricants, and corrosion retardants
In cosmetics: as buffering ingredient or as a chemical intermediate to produce a wide range of esters


Cosmetic applications:
Our Sebacic acid can be used directly in cosmetics formulation as a pH corrector (buffering).
In this case, the main applications are skin care (mainly face/neck care), and color cosmetics.
The sebacic acid is also widely used as a synthesis intermediate to produce sebacates esters such as DIPS or DIS (diisopropyl sebacate), DOS (diethylhexyl sebacate), DES (diethyl sebacate) and DBS (dibutyl sebacate).

These sebacate are used as: emollient, solvent, plasticizer, masking (reducing or inhibiting the basic odour of the product), film forming, hair or skin conditioning.
Generally, sebacate esters are claimed to enable a good penetration, give a non-oily and silky skin feel.
These esters are also recognized to be good pigment dispersant (DOS), be good sun protection factor (SPF) booster (DIPS blended), and prevent whitening in antiperspirant (DIPS).

Plasticizers applications:
The sebacic acid (DC 10), is widely used to produce a various range of plastics, and brings to those plastics a bio-based part

CASE:
Due to its smoothing and conditioning properties, Jamaican black castor oil is ideal for use in products like cleansers, moisturizers, and ethnic hair care products.

Metalworking Fluids:
Due to its smoothing and conditioning properties, Jamaican black castor oil is ideal for use in products like cleansers, moisturizers, and ethnic hair care products.


Lubricants and Greases:
The fatty acids in castor oil give it excellent lubricating properties.
You can choose either traditional castor oil or Jamaican black castor oil as a lubricant in metal drawing and other industrial processes.

Plastics:
Due to its smoothing and conditioning properties, Jamaican black castor oil is ideal for use in products like cleansers, moisturizers, and ethnic hair care products.

Sebacic Acid Uses and Characteristics:
Acme-Hardesty sebacic acid is refined to a minimum 99.5-percent purity.
It has a minimum acid value of 550, a maximum ash content of 0.03 percent and a maximum moisture level of 0.20 percent.

Its melting point is between 131.0 and 134.5°C.
Some of the principal uses of sebacic acid include acting as an intermediate in nylon, synthetic resins and other plastics.
Its anti-corrosive properties make it a useful addition to metalworking fluids and antifreezes.
It is also an additive and thickener for grease and lubricants, as well as an intermediate in paints and other coatings.


BENEFITS OF SEBACIC ACID:
In cosmetic products, sebacic acid can act as a pH corrector.
In plastics, sebacic acid can be used to provide better flexibility and lower melting temperature.

For lubricants and anti-corrosion applications, sebacic acid is used to produce a salt derivative that can be used as a coolant for aircraft, automotive and truck engines.

Here are the attributes that make sebacic acid as flexible as it is.
• Excellent lubricity
• Low temperature fluidity
• Higher thermal stability
• High flash points
• Low pour points

Common Uses for Sebacic Acid:
Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, and sebum is Latin for tallow.
These terms refer to the use of sebacic acid in the manufacturing of candles.
But as stated above, sebacic acid has a lot of uses for the industrial setting.

Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) can be used as a monomer for nylon, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, plasticizers and more.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) can also be used as an intermediate for antiseptics, aromatics and painting products.



PROPERTIES OF DECANEDIOIC ACID (SEBACIC ACID):
• High purity
• 100% of vegetal origin
• Linear chain
• Granules or powder forms
• High reactivity to produce a wide range of esters

Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) Sublimes slowly at 750 mmHg when heated to melting point.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite.

Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) It is a conjugate acid of a sebacate(2-) and a sebacate.

Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) derives from a hydride of a decane.
Decanedioic Acid (Sebacic Acid) is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DECANEDIOIC ACID (SEBACIC ACID):
Molecular Weight
202.25 g/mol
XLogP3
2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
9
Exact Mass
202.12050905 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
202.12050905 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count
14
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
157
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Chemical formula, C10H18O4
Molar mass, 202.250 g•mol−1
Density, 1.209 g/cm3
Melting point, 131 to 134.5 °C (267.8 to 274.1 °F; 404.1 to 407.6 K)
Boiling point, 294.4 °C (561.9 °F; 567.5 K) at 100 mmHg
Solubility in water, 0.25 g/L[1]
Acidity (pKa), 4.720, 5.450[1]
CAS number, 111-20-6
EC number, 203-845-5
Hill Formula, C₁₀H₁₈O₄
Chemical formula, HOOC(CH₂)₈COOH
Molar Mass, 202.25 g/mol
HS Code, 2917 13 10
Boiling point, 295 °C (133 hPa)
Density, 1.210 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point, 133 - 137 °C
Vapor pressure, 1 hPa (183 °C)
Bulk density, 600 - 620 kg/m3
Solubility, 1 g/l
Assay (GC, area%), ≥ 98.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value), ≥ 131 °C
Melting range (upper value), ≤ 134 °C
Identity (IR), passes test
Melting Point, 131°C to 134°C
Density, 1.271
Boiling Point, 295°C (100mmHg)
Flash Point, 220°C (428°F)
Linear Formula, HO2C(CH2)8CO2H
Quantity, 100 g
Beilstein, 1210591
Merck Index, 14,8415
Solubility Information, Slightly soluble in water.
Formula Weight, 202.25
Percent Purity, ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material, Sebacic acid
PSA:
74.60000
XLogP3:
2.1
Appearance:
White powder
Density:
1.231 g/cm3
Melting Point:
130.8 °C
Boiling Point:
294.5 °C
Flash Point:
220 °C
Refractive Index:
1.422
Water Solubility:
Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.1 (poor)
Storage Conditions:
Storage Room low temperature ventilation drying
Vapor Pressure:
1.24E-06mmHg at 25°C
Density, 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point, 374.3±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point, 133-137 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula, C10H18O4
Molecular Weight, 202.247
Flash Point, 198.3±19.7 °C
Exact Mass, 202.120514
PSA, 74.60000
LogP, 1.86
Vapour Pressure, 0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction, 1.475
Stability, Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents.
Water Solubility, 1 g/L (20 ºC)





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DECANEDIOIC ACID (SEBACIC ACID):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


DECANOL
Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.
Decanol is colorless and has a strong odour.

CAS Number: 112-30-1
EC Number: 203-956-9
Molecular Formula: C16H26O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 234.383

Decanol, also known as decyl alcohol or n-decyl alcohol, is a straight chain fatty alcohol.
Decanol can be used in the manufacture of lubricants, plasticizers, and solvents.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula C10H21OH.
Decanol is a colorless to light yellow viscous liquid that is insoluble in water and has an aromatic odor.
The interfacial tension against water at 20 °C is 8.97 mN/m.

Decanol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Decanol is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Decanol, or decyl alcohol, is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.

Decanol is colorless and has a strong odour.
Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.

Decanol causes a high irritability to skin and eyes, when splashed into the eyes Decanol can cause permanent damage.
Also inhalation and ingestion can be harmful, Decanol can also function as a narcotic.
Decanol is also harmful in the environment.

Decanol belongs to the group of non-ionic surfactants of alkoxylated fatty alcohols.
Decanol has the form of a clear liquid with a low freezing point of about -15°C and a light colour, maximum 100 Hazen.

Decanol has a cloud point in water at the level of 20-24°C, while in butyl diglycol solutions Decanol is around 45°C (for a 10% solution).
The low level of the cloud point in aqueous solutions allows the full application advantages of Decanol to be used at temperatures close to or slightly above room temperature.

Decanol is used primarily as a component of cleaning formulations used in the processes of cleaning gas turbines or metal elements, especially at elevated temperatures.
Decanol is compatible with other components of auxiliary formulations, including chelating agents, solvents and alkalis, which makes Decanol easier for the formulator to handle.
At the same time, thanks to Decanol low foaming properties, Decanol prevents excessive foaming of working solutions.

The high wetting properties of Decanol combined with a low cloud point are also used in professional rinsing agents used in dishwashers.
By lowering the contact angle on hard surfaces, Decanol causes the dishes to dry faster, preventing the formation of stains.
Decanol is characterised by a low content of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions, thanks to which Decanol is not corrosive to metal surfaces, even at very high temperatures (so-called temperature corrosion).

Decanol complies with the biodegradability criteria laid down in Regulation (EC) No. 648/2004 on detergents.

Decanol is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Cichorium endivia, and other organisms with data available.
Decanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweet fat-like odor.

Decanol is flash point 180 °F.
Decanol is a fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.

Decanol has a role as a metabolite and a protic solvent.
Decanol is a primary alcohol and a fatty alcohol.

Isolated from plant sources, e.g. citrus oils, apple, coriander, babaco fruit (Carica pentagonia), wines, scallop and other foods Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.
Decanol is colorless and has a strong odour.

Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.

Decanol is colorless and has a strong odour.
Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.

Decanol causes a high irritability to skin and eyes, when splashed into the eyes Decanol can cause permanent damageand is also inhalation and ingestion can be harmful, Decanol can also function as a narcotic.
Decanol is also harmful in the environment.
Decanol is found in many foods, some of which are lime, white mustard, mollusks, and citrus.

Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula C10H21OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water and has a strong odor.
The interfacial tension against water at 20 °C is 8.97 mN/m.

Decanol can be prepared by the hydrogenation of decanoic acid, which occurs in modest quantities in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%).
Decanol may also be produced synthetically via the Ziegler process.

Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.
Decanol ability to permeate the skin has led to Decanol being investigated as a penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery.

Decanol Market Outlook – 2030
Decanol is a derivative of natural fat or oil.
The hydrogenation action of decanoic acid forms decanol.

The density of decanol is 0.8297 g/cm3, boiling point 232.90C and has an aromatic odor.
Decanol is a colorless liquid, a lubricating agent and is inflammable.

Decanol has solubilizing and emulsifying properties due to which Decanol can be used as anti-spalling agent in concrete.
In natural based wetting agents, decanol is used as an antifoam and raw material for surfactants and solvents.

Because of Decanol ability to permeate the skin, Decanol is also used as penetration enhancer in transdermal drug delivery in the pharmaceutical industry.
Decanol is a biodegradable substance and hence degrades in the environment.

The names for Decanol are 1-Decanol, Decyl Alcohol, n-Decanol, primary Decyl Alcohol, Decylic Alcohol, n-Decyl Alcohol, Capric Alcohol, and Alcohol C-10.
The molecular formula for Decanol is C10H21OH.

Covid-19 Impact analysis:
The increase in the demand for personal care products gave a boost to the decanol market in the pandemic.
Usage of soaps, sanitizers and detergents increased in order to maintain personal hygiene.

The growth in the market is seen due to the companies reshuffling their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures like social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in many challenges for the operation.
The rise in the demand from the pharmaceutical industry has boosted the growth of the decanol market during the covid-19 outbreak.

Top Impacting factors:
The demand for surfactant-based products, such as detergents and washing soaps, has been growing.
The demand for soaps, hand sanitizers, and other personal care products is also increasing as a precautionary measure against the spread of coronavirus.

Decanol acts as a surfactant in cleaning products.
The lowering of the surface tension is accelerated at the presence of decanol.

High diffusion property of decanol help easy and rapid cleaning.
Thus this can drive the market in upcoming years.

The all-time collapse in oil prices due to lockdown implemented because of COVID-19, the production of plastic went down.
Moreover, the adoption from the manufacturers towards advanced technologies could hamper the growth of the antimicrobial plastics market.
This could prove as restraint during the forecast period.

Market Trends:

Acquisition:
The adoption from the manufacturers towards advanced technologies could hamper the growth of the antimicrobial plastics market as this may lead to decrease in the demand of decanol and may use the substitute product.
Companies are adopting marketing tactics like and merging and acquisition strategies to expand their market share.

They are also shifting their production facilities to emerging economies in Asia-Pacific countries like India, China and Japan and in Latin America like Brazil and Argentina, due to the easy availability of land, cheap labor, and governmental subsidies.
Decanols based on oleochemicals are made through the hydrogenation of decanoic acid.

Palm oil, kernel oil, coconut oil, and rapeseed oil are some examples of natural sources.
The oleochemical-based decanols are preferred in a variety of applications due to their biodegradability.

Uses of Decanol:
Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.
Decanol ability to permeate the skin has led to Decanol being investigated as a penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery.

Decanol is used to produce plasticizers, lubricants, petroleum additives, herbicides, surface active chemicals, and solvents.
Decanol is used in the perfume industry.

Decanol is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of esters and fragrances and as an artificial flavor in foods.
Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, synthetic lubricants, petroleum additives, herbicides, surface active agents, solvents.
Decanol has moderate antifoaming capacity.

For oil drilling and secondary oil recovery, as an additive for oil-based fracturing fluids.
Decanol is also the raw material of polyvinyl chloride wire coating material and high-grade artificial leather plasticizer (DIDP,DIDA), uranium refining, defoaming agent; Surfactant raw material, solvent.
In agriculture, Decanol can be used as a solvent and stabilizer for herbicides, pesticides and synthetic raw.

Decanol is used to make artificial rose oil, orange flower type and Acacia type essence, etc.
Decanol is also used in the system of lubricating oil additives, plasticizers, adhesives, etc.

Decanol is a raw material for the manufacture of surfactants, plasticizers, synthetic fibers, defoamers, herbicides, lubricating oil additives and perfumes, Decanol is also used as a solvent for ink and the like
GB 2760-96 is defined as a permitted perfume.

Mainly used in the preparation of orange, lemon, coconut and fruit flavor type.
Trace for Acacia, osmanthus fragrans, violet, red rose, orange flower, yellow narcissus, Iris, clove, Jasmine and sweet orange flower flavor formula.

Decanol can be used as a synergic or modifying agent for linalool in low-grade floral-type formulations.
Sometimes used in industrial deodorization or to mask the bad breath of industrial products.

In the food flavor can also be used in small amounts in cream, orange, coconut, lemon and a variety of fruit aroma.
preparation of soap, daily cosmetics flavor.

In C8-C18 of the very important position of the alcohol, used in the Rose line flowers fragrant essence.
As a citrus fruit flavor, Decanol is used in beverages, sweets, etc.

The amounts in food (ppm) were as follows:
Ice cream 4.6,
Candy 5.2,
Chewing gum 3.0,
Beverage 2.1.

They should not be used for purposes other than perfuming.
Decanol is also the raw material of polyvinyl chloride wire coating material and high-grade artificial leather plasticizer (DIDP,DIDA), uranium refining, Defoamer, surfactant raw material, solvent.

In agriculture, Decanol can be used as a solvent and stabilizer for herbicides, pesticides and synthetic raw materials.
As a green fruit ripening agent, can also be used for ornamental plants and tobacco and other seed germination control.

Decanol can also be used in oil drilling and secondary oil recovery.
Decanol is used in the production of surfactants, plasticizers and fatty alcohols

Reported uses (ppm): (Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association, 1994)

Food Category - Usual - Max.:
Alcoholic beverages - 2.00 - 5.0023.97
Baked goods - 37.11 - 40.21
Chewing gum - 0.25 - 0.25
Frozen dairy - 26.05 - 32.75
Gelatins, puddings - 24.78 - 27.97
Hard candy - 0.60 - 0.79
Nonalcoholic beverages - 12.39 - 17.01

Widespread uses by professional workers
Decanol is used in the following products: lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Decanol is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Decanol is used for the manufacture of: mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), machinery and vehicles, rubber products, plastic products and fabricated metal products.
Other release to the environment of Decanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Uses at industrial sites:
Decanol is used in the following products: lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Decanol is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Decanol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Release to the environment of Decanol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Aerating and deaerating agents
Cleaning agent
Intermediate
Intermediates
Lubricating agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Plasticizer
Solvent
Surface active agents
Wetting agent (non-aqueous)
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediate
Intermediates
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Surface active agents

Consumer Uses:
Decanol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), anti-freeze products, finger paints, lubricants and greases and polishes and waxes.
Other release to the environment of Decanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Other Consumer Uses:
Cleaning agent
Flavoring and nutrient
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Surface active agents
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediates
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Surface active agents

Applications of Decanol:
Dishwasher detergents,
Cleaning metal parts,
Cleaning of gas turbines.

Advantages of Decanol:
High wetting capacity,
Low foaming capacity combined with the ability to regulate foaming,
Low freezing point,
High detergency,
Low tendency to form gels in concentrated aqueous solutions,
Effective reduction of the contact angle.

Nature of Decanol:
Decanol is colorless viscous liquid, leaf-like or rectangular plate-like crystals when solidified.
Decanol is insoluble in water, water solubility 2.8% (mass).

Decanol is soluble in acetic acid, ethanol, benzene, petroleum ether, very soluble in ether.
Decanol is in case of high heat, open flame or contact with oxidant, there is a risk of combustion.

Preparation Method of Decanol:
Coconut oil as a raw material, in the presence of mixed oxides, by high temperature and high pressure hydrogenation.
The mixed alcohols with even number of carbon atoms obtained by the reaction (including low carbon alcohol to octadecanol) are subjected to vacuum fractionation.

The Ca ~ Cl2 fraction is refined by boric acid esterification method, and then subjected to vacuum fractionation after hydrolysis, made of nonyl aldehyde, and then reduced to nonyl alcohol, refined by distillation.
Alternatively, propylene is polymerized in the presence of phosphoric acid or boron fluoride to give nonene, which is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the liquid phase.

Production of Decanol:
Decanol can be prepared by the hydrogenation of decanoic acid, which occurs in modest quantities in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%).
Decanol may also be produced synthetically via the Ziegler process.

Manufacturing Methods of Decanol:
Decanol is manufacturing high-pressure catalytic hydrogenation of the esters of naturally occurring capric acid, or by oligomerization of ethylene using aluminum alkyl technology
Decanol is produced from the reaction of acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde followed by hydrogenation.

Decanol is prepared commercially by sodium reduction or by the high-pressure catalytic reduction of coconut oil, coconut fatty acids, or esters.
Decanol is also produced by the Ziegler process, which involves oxidation of trialkylaluminum compounds.

General Manufacturing Information of Decanol:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Construction
Mining (except Oil and Gas) and support activities
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Construction
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade

Human Metabolite Information of Decanol:

Cellular Locations:
Extracellular
Membrane

Handling and Storage of Decanol:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Decanol must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Decanol without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Safe Storage:
Separated from strong oxidants, acid anhydrides and acid chlorides.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Storage Conditions:
Store under lock and key in ventilated room, secure from access by unauthorized persons and children.
Store in a cool, dry area away from any heat or ignition source.

Safety of Decanol:
Like other medium chain fatty alcohols, Decanol is able to permeate the skin which can lead to irritation.
Inhalation, ingestion or absorption through the skin is harmful to the body, has a strong stimulating effect, after contact can cause burning sensation, Cough, laryngitis, shortness of breath, Head Pain, Nausea and Vomit.
Long contact time can cause anesthetic effect.

Staff should be protected.
Store in a cool, ventilated room.

Keep away from fire and heat source.
Keep the container sealed.

Should be stored separately from the oxidant.
Handling should be light and light unloading, to prevent packaging and container damage.

First Aid Measures of Decanol:

Inhalation:
Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
Call a POISONCENTER or doctor/physician.

Skin contact:
Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

Eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

Ingestion:
Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
Rinse mouth.
Do NOT induce vomiting.

Symptoms/effects:

Acute:
Cough.
Redness.

Delayed:
May have effects on the respiratory tract.

Indication of any immediate medical attention:
Not available.

Notes to physician:
No data available

Fire Fighting of Decanol:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION:
For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.
Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto Decanol.
If Decanol can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Use water spray, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Wear self-contained breathing appartus for firefighting if necessary.
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist, or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Remove all sources of ignition.

Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations.
Vapors can accumulate in low areas.

Accidental Release Measures of Decanol:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Decanol:

Personal protection:
Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of Decanol.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Cover the spilled material with inert absorbent.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Cleanup Methods of Decanol:

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulation.
Keep in suitable closed containers for disposal.

Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.
Cover the spilled material with absorbent.
Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.

Disposal Methods of Decanol:
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Decanol approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
The material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
If Decanol is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Preventive Measures of Decanol:
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent.
The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Decanol, but also on factors including the form of Decanol, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.

In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Identifiers of Decanol:
CAS Number: 112-30-1
ChEBI: CHEBI:28903
ChEMBL: ChEMBL25363
ChemSpider: 7882
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.597
KEGG: C01633
PubChem CID: 8174
UNII: 89V4LX791F
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7021946
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H21OH/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
Key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C10H21OH/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
Key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES: OCCCCCCCCCC

CAS number: 112-30-1
EC number: 203-956-9
Hill Formula: C₁₀H₂₂O
Chemical formula: CH₃(CH₂)₉OH
Molar Mass: 158.28 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 19 00

Synonym(s): n-Decyl alcohol, Alcohol C10
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)9OH
CAS Number: 112-30-1
Molecular Weight: 158.28
Beilstein: 1735221
EC Number: 203-956-9
MDL number: MFCD00004747
PubChem Substance ID: 24849047
NACRES: NA.22

Article No.: 520240500
Molecular Formula: C10H22O
H.S. Code: 2905.1900
Molecular Weight: 158.29
CAS No.: 112-30-1

CAS: 62607-69-6
Molecular Formula: C16H26O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 234.383
MDL Number: MFCD00014426
InChI Key: WNFXODBOMMSELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 568845
IUPAC Name: 10-phenyldecan-1-ol
SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCCCCCCCO

EC / List no.: 203-956-9
CAS no.: 112-30-1
Mol. formula: C10H22O

Properties of Decanol:
Chemical formula: C10H21OH
Molar mass: 158.28 g/mol
Appearance: Viscous liquid
Density: 0.8297 g/cm3
Melting point: 6.4 °C (43.5 °F; 279.5 K)
Boiling point: 232.9 °C (451.2 °F; 506.0 K)
Solubility in water: 37 mg/L at 20°C[2]
log P: 4.57
Viscosity: 12.048 mPa.s (@ 25 °C)

Boiling point: 220 - 235 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.8306 g/cm3 (20 °C) DIN 51757
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 5.7 %(V)
Flash point: 95 °C DIN 51758
Ignition temperature: 254 °C
Melting Point: 5 - 7 °C
Vapor pressure: Solubility: 21.1 mg/l

Vapor density: 4.5 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100

Vapor pressure:
1 mmHg ( 70 °C)
8.25 mmHg ( 100 °C)

Assay: 98%
Form: liquid
Autoignition temp.: 550 °F
Refractive index: n20/D 1.437 (lit.)
bp: 231 °C (lit.)
mp: 5-7 °C (lit.)
Solubility: H2O: slightly soluble 0.0211 g/L at 20 °C
Density: 0.829 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CCCCCCCCCCO
InChI: 1S/C10H22O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
InChI key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 158.28
XLogP3: 4.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 158.167065321
Monoisotopic Mass: 158.167065321
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 61.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Decanol:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.829 - 0.830
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 35°C to 37°C
Boiling Point: 145°C to 147°C (0.5mmHg)
Beilstein: 1955067
Quantity: 5 g
Formula Weight: 234.39
Percent Purity: 96%
Chemical Name or Material: 10-Phenyl-1-decanol

Related Products of Decanol:
Nivalenol
(R)-Ochratoxin α
Di-N-heptytin Dichloride-D30
Ergosinine
3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane

Names of Decanol:

Regulatory process names:
1-Decanol
1-decanol
Decan-1-ol
Decan-1-ol
decan-1-ol

CAS names:
1-Decanol

IUPAC names:
1 - Decanol
1 decanol
1-Decanol
1-Decanol
1-Decanol
alcohol C-10
Alcohol C10
DECAN-1-OL
Decan-1-ol
decan-1-ol
Decan-1-ol
decan-1-ol
Decanol
Decanol
DECANOL NORMAL
Decanol-1 (Capric alcohol)
Nafol-10, Decyl Alcohol

Preferred IUPAC name:
Decan-1-ol

Trade names:
ALCHEM 10
Alcohol C10
CO-1099K
ECOROL 02
ECOROL 10/98
ECOROL 10/99
ECOROL 80
Fettalkohol 10
Fettalkohol 1012
Fettalkohol 810
Kalcol
Lincol 1012
Lincol 810
MASCOL 1098
MASCOL 80
Nacol 10
Nafol 10
Nafol 1012
Nafol 810
PL1419
Vegarol 10
Vegarol 1099

Other names:
decyl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol
capric alcohol
epal 10
antak
agent 504

Other identifier:
112-30-1

Synonyms of Decanol:
1-DECANOL
Decan-1-ol
Decyl alcohol
112-30-1
Decanol
n-Decyl alcohol
n-Decanol
Capric alcohol
Nonylcarbinol
Antak
Caprinic alcohol
Royaltac
n-Decan-1-ol
Agent 504
Alcohol C-10
Primary decyl alcohol
Alfol 10
n-Decatyl alcohol
Epal 10
Royaltac M-2
Royaltac-85
Decylic alcohol
Sipol L10
1-Hydroxydecane
Lorol 22
Dytol S-91
Alcohol C10
Decanol (VAN)
Kalcohl 10H
C 10 alcohol
DECYL, N- ALCOHOL
Conol 10N
Epal 810
Nacol 10-99
FEMA No. 2365
T-148
36729-58-5
85566-12-7
NSC 406313
Decanol-(1)
Lorol C10
CHEBI:28903
89V4LX791F
NSC406313
NSC-406313
n-Nonylcarbinol
Sprout-Off
1-Decanol, >=98%
C10 alcohol
1-Decanol (natural)
Kalcohl 1098
Alfol 810
Caswell No. 275A
Emtrol 1630B
Contak
Delete
FEMA Number 2365
CAS-112-30-1
CCRIS 654
DECYLALCOHOL
HSDB 1072
Emtrol 1601
Tobacco sucker control agent 148
Tobacco sucker control agent 504
T-148 (VAN)
EINECS 203-956-9
EINECS 287-621-2
MFCD00004747
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079038
BRN 1735221
Nonylcacarbinol
Panorama
n-decylalcohol
Nonyl acarbinol
UNII-6X61I5U3A4
UNII-89V4LX791F
AI3-02173
T 148
Decyl n- alcohol
EINECS 253-173-1
ALFOL 10 ALCOHOL
1-Decanol n-Decyl alcohol
1-DECANOL [FHFI]
1-DECANOL [HSDB]
EC 203-956-9
DECYL ALCOHOL [FCC]
SCHEMBL21645
DECYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
4-01-00-01815 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
66455-17-2
BIDD:ER0304
CHEMBL25363
N-DECYL ALCOHOL [MI]
1-Decanol, analytical standard
WLN: Q10
1-decanol (ACD/Name 4.0)
NACOL 10-99 ALCOHOL
CAPRIC ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
DTXSID7021946
BDBM36280
6X61I5U3A4
ZINC1529247
Tox21_202186
Tox21_300078
LMFA05000062
STL280520
1-Decanol, >=98%, FCC, FG
AKOS000120014
NCGC00163764-01
NCGC00163764-02
NCGC00163764-03
NCGC00163764-04
NCGC00254141-01
NCGC00259735-01
AS-56505
1-Decanol, Selectophore(TM), >=98.0%
D0031
FT-0607691
EN300-19920
C01633
Q47118
A802549
J-002747
F0001-0257
476960DD-B0CE-4D91-B27C-A9490A89B065
Capric alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
decan-1-ol, capric alcohol, decan-1-ol, decyl alcohol, alcohol C10, 1-decanol
70084-71-8
DECETH-3
DECETH-3, N° CAS : 26183-52-8, Nom INCI : DECETH-3, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : 3,6,9,12-TETRAOXADOCOSAN-1-OL ALCOOL DECYLIQUE ETHOXYLE Alcool décylique éthoxylé ALPHA-DECYL-OMEGA-HYDROXY-POLY(OXYETHYLENE) POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), ALPHA-DECYL-OMEGA-HYDROXY- Noms anglais : DECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED DECYL POLY(OXYETHYLENE) ETHER PEG-4 DECYL ETHER Polyethylene glycol decyl ether POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONODECYL ETHER
DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE
Deceth-4 Phosphate is a polyoxyethylene ether of decyl alcohol which is used in cosmetic products as a surfactant and emulsifier.


CAS Number: 9004-80-2 / 52019-36-0
Molecular Formula:(C2H4O)nC10H22O.xH3O4P
Molecular Formula: C12H29O6P



DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, Polyethyleneglycol decyl ether phosphate, HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL PHOSPHATE MONOISODECYL ETHER, polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-decyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, Polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, Ethfac 161, Chemfac PD 600,
Rhodafac RA 600, Gafac RA 600, Monafax 1214, Monofax 1214, Cedephos FA 600, Polyethylene glycol decyl ether phosphate, RA 600, Deceth phosphate,
Plysurf A 210D, Deceth-4 phosphate, Monafax 831, Crodafos D 4A, 2-(Decyloxy)ethanol - phosphoric acid (1:1), Ethanol, 2-(decyloxy)-, compd. with phosphoric acid (1:1), Deceth-4 phosphate, 52019-36-0, 12674-35-0, 2-decoxyethanol, phosphoric acid, SCHEMBL6249805, DTXSID50923750, Phosphoric acid-2-decyloxy)ethan-1-ol (1/1), phosphoric acid compound with 2-(decyloxy)ethan-1-ol (1:1), 121273-62-9, Cedephos FA 600, Chemfac PD 600, Crodafos D 4A, Deceth phosphate, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Ethfac 161, Gafac RA 600, HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL PHOSPHATE MONOISODECYL ETHER, Monafax 1214, Monafax 831, Monofax 1214, Plysurf A 210D, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-decyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, Polyethylene glycol decyl ether phosphate, polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, Polyethyleneglycol decyl ether phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, RA 600, Rhodafac RA 600, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Polyethyleneglycol decyl ether phosphate, polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL PHOSPHATE MONOISODECYL ETHER, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, Cedephos FA 600Chemfac PD 600Crodafos D 4ADeceth phosphateDECETH-6 PHOSPHATEDecyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphateEthfac 161Gafac RA 600, CRODAFOS D4A, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE [INCI], ETHFAC 141, MONAFAX 1214, PEG-4 DECYL ETHER PHOSPHATE, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 200 DECYL ETHER PHOSPHATE, POLYOXYETHYLENE (4) DECYL ETHER PHOSPHATE, Deceth-4 phosphate, PEG-4 Decyl ether phosphate, Polyethylene glycol 200 decyl ether phosphate, Polyoxyethylene (4) decyl ether phosphate, 9DM9ID049P, CRODAFOS D4A, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Decyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphate, Decylalcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated, ETHFAC 141, MONAFAX 1214, Polyethoxylated decanol phosphate, UNII-97TW81K95C, UNII-9DM9ID049P, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-9 PHOSPHATE, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Decyl alcohol,ethoxylated,phosphate, Decylalcohol,ethoxy, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-9 PHOSPHATE, Decylalcohol,ethoxylated,phosphated, Decyl alcohol,ethoxylated,phosphate, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Polyethyleneglycol decyl ether phosphate, polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL PHOSPHATE MONOISODECYL ETHER, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-9 PHOSPHATE, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Decyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphate, Decylalcohol, ethoxylated, phosphate



Deceth-4 Phosphate plays a crucial role in enhancing the stability and texture of various cosmetic formulations.
Deceth-4 Phosphate is commonly found in shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and other skincare products.
The role of this skin care ingredient, Deceth-4 Phosphate, is: Detergent, emulsifier.


Polyalkylene glycol ethers are non-ionic compounds whose lipophilic part consists of fatty alcohols, e.g. decyl alcohol.
The hydrophilic part is formed by short-chain polyethylene glycols (polyoxyethylene).
In the designation of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, the inserted numbering means the average number of ethylene oxide units per mole.


Deceth-4 Phosphate, for example, is the INCI designation for a polyoxyethylene ether with 4 ethylene oxide units per mol.
"Deceth-" refers to a PEG ether of decyl alcohol.
The number behind "deceth" refers to the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-.


The similar applies to other alcohols (un-/do-/tri-/tetradecyl-, isodecyl-, octylododecyl-, …)
Phosphates are salts or esters of phosphoric acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
Deceth-4 Phosphate is a colorless liquid, widely used in personal care products as an emulsifier and surfactant, with excellent solubility in water.
Deceth-4 Phosphate plays a crucial role in enhancing the stability and texture of various cosmetic formulations.
Deceth-4 Phosphate is commonly found in shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and other skincare products.


Deceth-4 Phosphate's special properties include its ability to create stable emulsions, improve foam formation, and enhance the spreadability of formulations.
Deceth-4 Phosphate is an essential ingredient in the cosmetic industry, ensuring the effectiveness and quality of various personal care products.
Cosmetic Uses of Deceth-4 Phosphate: surfactants, and surfactant - emulsifying



FUNCTIONS OF DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFIER
Mixes the water and oil phases of a formula to create an emulsion

*SURFACTANT - CLEANER
Moisten the surface of the skin, emulsify or make oils soluble and suspend impurities (in general, these ingredients contribute to the foaming properties of cleansing products).

*SURFACTANT – EMULSIFIER:
Deceth-4 Phosphate helps suspend or disperse liquids in a second liquid by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.

*SURFACTANT – CLEANSER:
Deceth-4 Phosphate wets body surfaces, emulsifies or solubilizes oils and suspends dirt (generally, these ingredients contribute to the soap and foaming properties of cleaning products).



UTILITY OF DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
*Emulsifiers ( Emulsifying )
*Promote the formation of intimate mixtures of immiscible liquids by changing the interfacial tension
*Surfactant ( Surfactant )
*Deceth-4 Phosphate reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and also helps distribute the product evenly when used



FUNCTIONS OF DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth

*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING
Deceth-4 Phosphate allows the formation of finely dispersed mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
Boiling point: 275.1°Cat760mmHg
Flash Point: 70.7°C
CAS No.: 121273-62-9
CID: 104057
Molecular Formula: C12H29O6P (isomer)
Inchi: InChI=1S/C12H26O2.H3O4P/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-11-14-12-10-13;1-5(2,3)4/h13H,2-12H2,1H3;(H3,1,2,3,4)
InChIkey: DKELNUBFYRNPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical Smiles: CCCCCCCCCCOCCO.OP(=O)(O)O
Isomers Smiles: CCCCCCCCCCOCCO.OP(=O)(O)O
Molecular Weight: 300.33 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 300.17017564 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 300.17017564 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 107Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 144
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



DECETH-6 (Alcool décylique éthoxylé)
DECETH-7, Nom INCI : DECETH-7, Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : 3,6,9,12-TETRAOXADOCOSAN-1-OL ALCOOL DECYLIQUE ETHOXYLE Alcool décylique éthoxylé ALPHA-DECYL-OMEGA-HYDROXY-POLY(OXYETHYLENE) POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), ALPHA-DECYL-OMEGA-HYDROXY- Noms anglais : DECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED DECYL POLY(OXYETHYLENE) ETHER PEG-4 DECYL ETHER Polyethylene glycol decyl ether POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONODECYL ETHER
DECETH-7 (Alcool décylique éthoxylé)
DECETH-8, N° CAS : 26183-52-8, Nom INCI : DECETH-8, Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : 3,6,9,12-TETRAOXADOCOSAN-1-OL ALCOOL DECYLIQUE ETHOXYLE Alcool décylique éthoxylé ALPHA-DECYL-OMEGA-HYDROXY-POLY(OXYETHYLENE) POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), ALPHA-DECYL-OMEGA-HYDROXY- Noms anglais : DECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED DECYL POLY(OXYETHYLENE) ETHER PEG-4 DECYL ETHER Polyethylene glycol decyl ether POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONODECYL ETHER
DECETH-8 (Alcool décylique éthoxylé)
DECYL ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 112-30-1, Nom INCI : DECYL ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : Decan-1-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-956-9, Classification : Alcool. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français : 1-Decanol 1-Décanol ALCOOL DECYLIQUE NORMAL DECANOL DECANOL NORMAL N-DECAN-1-OL N-DECANOL N-DECATYL ALCOHOL N-DECYL ALCOHOL N-NONYLCARBINOL NORMAL-DECATYL ALCOHOL Noms anglais : 1-Decanol CAPRIC ALCOHOL CAPRINIC ALCOHOL DECYL ALCOHOL DECYLIC ALCOHOL NONYL CARBINOL NONYL CARBITOL NONYLCARBINOL NORMAL-DECYL ALCOHOL PRIMARY DECYL ALCOHOL Utilisation et sources d'émission : Fabrication de produits organiques et de parfums
DECYL ALCOHOL ( ALCOOL DECYLIQUE ) DECANOL
Nom INCI : DECYL COCOATE Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
DECYL COCOATE
DECYL-B-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; DECYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; DECYL GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; N-DECYL B-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; N-DECYL-BETA-D-GLC; N-DECYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; .beta.-D-Glucopyranoside, decyl; Decylb-D-glucopyranoside; DECYLGLUCOSIDES; DECYLBETA-D-GLUCOSIDE; DECYL BETA-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE CAS NO:58846-77-8
DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE
Decyl D-glucoside functions as a mild and gentle cleanser, emulsifier, and foaming agent.
Decyl D-glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types .


CAS Number: 54549-25-6
EC Number: 259-218-1
MDL Number: MFCD23103077
Chem/IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Chemical formula: C16H32O6



SYNONYMS:
Decyl glucoside, 141464-42-8, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl .alpha.-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl hexopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, SCHEMBL22691938, DTXSID80860442, BCP34657, MCULE-8296703800, NS00002371, n-decyl glucoside, n-decyl D-glucoside, DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE, n-decyl D-glucopyranoside, D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE,DECYL, DECYL D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, Decyl D-glucoside, decyl D-glucopyranoside, decyl D-glucoside, decyl dextro-glucoside, D- glucopyranoside, decyl, decyl D-glucoside D-Glucopyranoside, decyl Einecs 259-218-1, APG10 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, C10 Alkyl glucoside, APG10, Einecs 259-218-1, decyl D-glucoside, C10 Alkyl glucoside, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl β-D-glucopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, 68515-73-1, Decyl glucoside, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, 54549-25-6, 141464-42-8, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Capryl glycoside, MFCD23103077, Caprylyl glycoside, decyl glucopyranoside, EINECS 259-218-1, C16H32O6, n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside, D-Glucose decyl octyl ether, SCHEMBL43196, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, APG0814, DTXSID30893008, AKOS016004985, DS-3841, DB-187061, DB-336025, A867031, W-111093, W-203522, APG0810, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar, alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, DECYL OCTYL D-GLUCOSE, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl-octyl glycosides oligomer, Octyldecyl Glucoside, Alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, APG0810, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, Decyl octyl d-glucose, Caprylyl/Decyl Glucoside, Glucopon 215 UP, Unipon 215, D-Glucose Decyl Octyl Ether, Oligomeric Capryl/Caprylyl Glycoside, APG0810,D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides,(C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar,alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside,DECYL OCTYL D-GLUCOSE,D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric,Decyl-octyl glycosides oligomer,Octyldecyl Glucoside,



Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies .
Decyl D-glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types .
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant widely utilized in personal care and household products.


Decyl D-glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
Decyl D-glucoside has excellent dermal compatibility


Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl D-glucoside is a surfactant (a cleansing and foaming agent) of plant origin.
Decyl D-glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.


Decyl D-glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
Decyl D-glucoside combines excellent foaming and hydrotroping properties of Caprylyl/capryl glucoside and superior emulsifying and thickening properties of Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl D-glucoside has been seen to be skin-friendly.
Its mildness makes it suitable to be used even on sensitive skin.
Decyl D-glucoside also known as caprylyl glucoside is a natural-origin, vegetable-based surfactant obtained from corn and natural oils.


Decyl D-glucoside is a clear to light-yellow, viscous liquid.
Decyl D-glucoside is a glucose alkyl ether that contains 60% active matter and is ECOCERT certified, preservative free and free from impurities.
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.


Decyl D-glucoside is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).
This foaming surfactant, Decyl D-glucoside, is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.
Decyl D-glucoside is derived from renewable plant sources and possesses excellent biodegradability and low toxicity.


Decyl D-glucoside functions as a mild and gentle cleanser, emulsifier, and foaming agent.
Decyl D-glucoside effectively removes dirt and oils without causing skin irritation, making it suitable for sensitive skin formulations.
As an APG product, Decyl D-glucoside is mild and readily biodegradable.


Decyl D-glucoside is a versatile, plant-based surfactant that is produced from coconuts and cornstarch.
The carbon chain length used to make Decyl D-glucoside is 60% C8-C10 and 40% C12-C14.
By reacting decyl alcohol with cyclic glucose, Decyl D-glucoside is drawn out of sugars and fatty acids by a process known as esterification.


With a viscosity level of 1000-2500 (mPa•s, 20℃), Decyl D-glucoside produces the fastest, wealthiest foam, but the foam also disappears quickly as compared to other Glucosides.
Decyl D-glucoside's low viscosity also enhances the fluidity of your formulation.


To speak in terms of chemistry, Decyl D-glucoside is a type of the alkyl glucoside that forms after a reaction of the Decyl alcohol or Capric alcohol and glucose.
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.


Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl D-glucoside is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!
Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl D-glucoside's an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl D-glucoside exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.


Decyl D-glucoside is a new type of nonionic surfactant alkyl glycoside (APG).
Starch-based surfactants have become one of the major research topics of scholars at home and abroad since the 1980s, and alkyl glycosides are the most active research field and development focus.


This versatile ingredient, Decyl D-glucoside, is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and natural cleaning products, providing effective cleansing while maintaining a gentle and environmentally-friendly profile.
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic products, including baby shampoo and for people with sensitive skin.


Decyl D-glucoside is a biodegradable plant derivative that is completely natural.
Decyl D-glucoside is made from natural resources by blending the fatty alcohol found in coconut with the glucose found in starch and sugar.
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is found in most skincare and hair care products.


Decyl D-glucoside is a thick, slightly yellowish, turbid liquid.
Decyl D-glucoside is moderate and delicate, making it suitable for persons with sensitive skin.
Have you ever wondered why your bath, baby, cleaning, and hair care products lather so much?


Decyl D-glucoside’s due to surfactants.
Surfactants are essential in the beauty business.
Many skincare and haircare products contain it.


Decyl D-glucoside is not harmful and has a lower skin irritation level compared to other surfactants.
Decyl D-glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.


Decyl D-glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.
Decyl D-glucoside is synthesized following a reaction between glucose obtained from corn starch and the fatty alcohol decanol extracted from coconuts.
Due to its absolute organic composition, Decyl D-glucoside has become one of the most used ingredients in personal care products such as cleansers, body washes, and shampoos.


Its 'non-ionic' property signifies that Decyl D-glucoside has a neutral charge and can lower water's surface and produce foam.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl D-glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable and gentle on all hair types.
Decyl D-glucoside is a material that is easy to thicken and has excellent lathering properties.


Free of ethoxylates, sulphates and preservatives.
Surfactants are chemical substances that aid in the reduction of surface tension between liquids and solids, liquids and gases, and between two liquids.
The name surfactant comes from the phrase “surface-active-agent.”


Decyl D-glucoside is an alkylglycoside non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier.
Decyl D-glucoside, also known as capryl/caprylyl glucoside, is derived from combination of coconut fatty alcohols and corn starch glucose.
Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant, with excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility, that is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.


Decyl D-glucoside is an alkyl glucoside.
Decyl D-glucoside is a, natural, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.
Like Coco Glucoside, Decyl D-glucoside is , obtained from renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (coconut c8-16) and glucose (sugar / starch).


As a raw material, Decyl D-glucoside is described as a water-soluble, clear to slightly hazy yellow or amber viscous liquid.
In 2013, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel deemed Decyl D-glucoside “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


Their report looked at rinse-off products containing up to 33% and only up to 2% for leave-on formulas.
Alkyl glucoside ingredients are formed by reacting an alcohol or mixtures of alcohols (that vary by carbon chain length) with a cyclic form of the sugar, glucose or glucose polymers.


For example Decyl D-glucoside is formed by reacting a 10 carbon chain alcohol, decyl alcohol, with a cyclic form of glucose.
Other alkyl glucoside ingredients that may be used in cosmetics include Arachidyl Glucoside, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Cetearyl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Ethyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl D-glucoside improves the foam quality and adds softness and clarity to formulas.
Decyl D-glucoside is compatible with many other surfactants, thickeners and even cationic conditioning polymers.
Decyl D-glucoside is gentle on skin and hair.


Decyl D-glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.
Decyl D-glucoside is comparable to the other Alky Polyglucoside Surfactants (Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside (c8-10), Coco Glucoside (c8-16), and Lauryl Glucoside (c12-16)) all being the combination of the glucoside and select fatty alcohols.


Decyl D-glucoside generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl D-glucoside produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.
Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.


The foam generated is fine and stable.
In contrast, Decyl D-glucoside's touch is not comparable with that of a foam obtained using anionic surfactants.
Decyl D-glucoside is cold processable and suitable for transparent formulations.


Decyl D-glucoside also named decylbeta- d-glucopyranoside, belongs to the alkyl glucosides family and is obtained by condensation of the fatty alcohol decyl alcohol and a d-glucose polymer.
Furthermore, because of its wide range of compatibility, Decyl D-glucoside can be combined with all types of surfactants without reducing foam volume or stability.


Decyl D-glucoside does not contain any impurities.
Decyl D-glucoside's chemical nature and the production process results in a surfactant without ethylene oxide or 1,4-dioxane and is suitable for baby, and pet, products.


Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic liquid surfactant synthesised from fatty acids and glucose obtained from Sugars from Fruits and Vegetables.
Decyl D-glucoside is a material derived from nature that can be found in a variety of cosmetics.
Decyl D-glucoside’s made from coconuts and is considered safe to use on the skin with a low risk profile.


Decyl D-glucoside is easily biodegradable, environmentally friendly and compatible with all surfactants, whatever their nature or pH range, making it easy to use in all your cleansing formulations.
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to Decyl D-glucoside's foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.


Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant with good foaming properties and mild to the eyes and skin.
Decyl D-glucoside is a gentle non-ionic surfactant made from coconut oil and sugar.
Decyl D-glucoside is amber viscous liquid.


Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant, made from natural raw materials.
Decyl D-glucoside is very mild and readily biodegradable.
Decyl D-glucoside is a glucose alkyl ether that contains 60% active matter and is ECOCERT Certified, preservative free and free of impurities.


In addition to being an excellent, gentle cleansing surfactant in your skin care products, Decyl D-glucoside is also a highly effective solubilizing agent for essential oils and fragrances as well as cationic surfactants.
Due to this dual purpose, Decyl D-glucoside is an excellent choice for the formulation of foaming aromatherapy products.


Decyl D-glucoside has excellent dermal compatibility
Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl D-glucoside is vegetable Origin and Palm Free


Decyl D-glucoside is a surfactant used as an additive or a co-surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).
Decyl D-glucoside is widely used in many “natural” products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.


Decyl D-glucoside contains 1% sorbitan sesquioleate as emulsifier.
Decyl D-glucoside is primarily used for its surfactant (cleansing) properties.
While most common in facial and body cleansers, you can also find Decyl D-glucoside in products such as self-tanners, sunscreens, and liquid foundations where it may function as an emulsion stabiliser.


Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from the condensation of glucose + the fatty alcohol decanol, which comes from coconuts.
Its mildness makes Decyl D-glucoside popular for use in baby shampoos.
Decyl D-glucoside is known for producing desirable foaming properties.


Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant because it does not dry the skin out.


Decyl D-glucoside combines well with other glucosides to make a complete foaming shower gel / shampoo.
Decyl D-glucoside gives a nice balance of flash foam and denser foam.
To increase foam density add coco and Decyl D-glucosides.


Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant belonging to the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
The natural raw materials, plant starch and fatty alcohols, ensure that Decyl D-glucoside is perfectly biodegradable.
Decyl D-glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.


Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore Decyl D-glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Decyl D-glucoside is a colorless and transparent liquid.


Surfactants are ingredients that attract dirt and oil so that you can rinse them off of your skin or hair.
Soaps and shampoos are all surfactants.
Decyl D-glucoside is a natural, non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.


Decyl D-glucoside can be easily dissolved with water.
Decyl D-glucoside is a biodegradable nonionic surfactant derived from Cocos nucifera (coconut) and/or RSPO Palm and is an aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol polyglucoside.


Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl D-glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.
Decyl D-glucoside was invented by Robert Prairie in 1934.


Decyl D-glucoside is a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (coconut c8-16) and glucose.
Decyl D-glucoside, with the chemical formula C16H32O6 and CAS registry number 68515-73-1, is a compound commonly used in the production of personal care and household cleaning products.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside was used in Cosmetic Raw Materials, Detergent Raw Materials, Hair Care Chemicals.
Cosmetic Uses of Decyl D-glucoside: cleansing agents, emulsion stabilisers, and surfactants.
Decyl D-glucoside is used in products for individuals with sensitive skin and in baby shampoos .


Decyl D-glucoside is widely used in the following areas, personal care products and household detergents: such as shampoo, body-cleanser, cream rinses, hand sanitizer and dishwashing, etc
Decyl D-glucoside can be widely used in personal care products, and formulations which require thickening effects, because its unique performance in cleaning, emulsifying and thickening.


Decyl D-glucoside is commonly used in foaming and cleansing products, often by natural personal care companies due to being plant derived and biodegradable.
Decyl D-glucoside is used as a co-surfactant, can reduce the total active requirements of other foaming ingredients, without altering their performance; cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening, are all maintained while improving on the mild, and gentle, nature of the final formulation.


Decyl D-glucoside complies with ECOCERT and COSMOS standards.
A water-miscible non-ionic surfactant used in a wide range of applications including hard surface and high performance cleaners, cosmetics, Decyl D-glucoside has excellent wetting and excellent grease removal properties, dissolves quickly, has no gel range and rinses well.


Decyl D-glucoside’s known as a “surfactant” in cosmetics and is commonly used in soaps and cleansers due to its natural foaming reaction when it comes into contact with water.
Decyl D-glucoside’s a considerably safer alternative to sulphates, which are responsible for the foamy properties of shampoos, soaps, and other cleaning products.


Sulfates, on the other hand, can be harsh, removing essential oils from the skin and scalp far too effectively.
Decyl D-glucoside is a gentle cleanser that's found in many cosmetic formulas, notably those for sensitive skin.
Decyl D-glucoside's made from plants, biodegradable, and skin-friendly.


In Personal Care cleansing products it's used as secondary surfactant and known for Decyl D-glucoside's mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
For cleaning products, due to it's caustic stability and solubility in highly concentrated salt, Decyl D-glucoside can be used for caustic, neutral and acidic hard surface cleaners for Homecare and Institutional Cleaning.


Decyl D-glucoside is commonly used as a water-soluble emulsifier.
Decyl D-glucoside is used in various cosmetic formulations due to their gentleness and safety on sensitive skin.
Decyl D-glucoside produces an excellent and stable foam.


Applications of Decyl D-glucoside: Body Lotions, Body Washes, Cleaning sprays, Fabric conditioning, Fabric detergents, Facial Masks, Hair Conditioners, Institutional Surface Cleaners, Laundry detergent, Manual dish soap, Mascaras, Shampoos, Shaving Cream, Shower Gels, Skin/Sun Creams, Soaps, Surface cleaner, Vehicle & Boat Cleaning


Like many concentrated surfactants, Decyl D-glucoside will change from solid to liquid depending on the ambient temperature and conditions.
In winter and when Decyl D-glucoside is stored in cold environments this may become grainy or even set to a white solid.
During summer Decyl D-glucoside is a pourable liquid.


These changes don't damage Decyl D-glucoside but in order to get the most out of it we recommend heating and mixing to ensure what you decant is a true representation of the whole blend.
Failure to mix may result in the solids falling to the bottom meaning your top 1/3 bottle will be weaker than 50% active and the bottom stronger.


Decyl D-glucoside is useful in hair care products where it helps to cleanse the hair without drying it out.
Decyl D-glucoside can be used in combination with other glucosides to improve the foaming and conditioning properties of the skin.
Decyl D-glucoside is very effective when used in ionic formulations to increase foam depth and emulsifying properties.


Decyl D-glucoside is widely used in personal care products and formulations which require thickening effects, because of its unique performance in cleaning, emulsifying and thickening.


Decyl D-glucoside is generally used in shampoo, bubble bath, cleaning lotion, dished detergent, because of its excellent mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
Applications of Decyl D-glucoside: Body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, hand soaps, baby products, cream rinses.


Decyl D-glucoside is very useful in bath foams, shower gels and shampoos when you want to increase the foaminess of the product without compromising the natural formulation.
Concentrations ranging from 2% to 20% are used, depending on whether Decyl D-glucoside is used as a primary or secondary surfactant.


For example: 10% to 20% (in face wash), 15% to 30% (shower gel, bath foam, shampoo).
Maximum recommended concentration of Decyl D-glucoside is up to 40%.
In paints and coatings, Decyl D-glucoside is used to increase the wetting effect of the surface in order to achieve better adhesion to the surface, while at the same time facilitating the mixing of the fatty phase ingredients with the aqueous phase ingredients.


Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl D-glucoside can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.
Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


Decyl D-glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl D-glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic plant derived , biodegradable surfactant that carries the goodness of coconuts and cornstarch from which it is extracted by esterification.


Decyl D-glucoside is used both as an emollient and as a surfactant by various industries.
Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and is light and gentle on the skin.
Decyl D-glucoside can be used as the sole surfactant or co-surfactant in cleaning formulas.


In agriculture, Decyl D-glucoside is used to spray fields and plants with a variety of products in order to increase the efficiency of uptake through the leaves.
Alkyl polyglucoside is analogous to polyglucosides in plant cell membranes and therefore wets the leaf surface, making Decyl D-glucoside easier for the spray to adhere and stay on the leaf, thus increasing contact time and uptake efficiency.


Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl D-glucoside is therefore suitable for use as a base surfactant or co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Decyl D-glucoside acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.


Decyl D-glucoside helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.
Decyl D-glucoside gives the product foaming potential.
Decyl D-glucoside helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.


The usage rate of Decyl D-glucoside varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of the product and its interaction with other substances.
The usage rate varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of Decyl D-glucoside and its interaction with other substances.


At the same time, Decyl D-glucoside allows a more even distribution of the active substances, which are often hydrophobic and tend to persist in two different phases.
In the textile industry, Decyl D-glucoside is used to clean heavily contaminated fabrics from soiling of fatty or protein origin.


Decyl D-glucoside acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.
Decyl D-glucoside helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.
Decyl D-glucoside gives the product foaming potential.


Decyl D-glucoside helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.
Insoluble in oil, Decyl D-glucoside should be added to the oily phase of your homemade shower gels or shampoos.
Decyl D-glucoside is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.


Decyl D-glucoside is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.
Decyl D-glucoside’s a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.
This reaction creates a highly biodegradable solution that is tolerant to electrolytes.


Decyl D-glucoside comes from renewable, biodegradable, and plant-derived raw materials.
As such, Decyl D-glucoside’s ideal for cleansing products where mildness and environmental concerns are important.
In the paper industry, Decyl D-glucoside is used in the formulation of paper to obtain better adhesion, denser structure.


In school experiments, Decyl D-glucoside is used in surface wetting experiments, 'magic milk' art experiments.
In scientific research, Decyl D-glucoside is used to study the permeability of cell membranes, since APG is naturally found in cells of plant origin.
Decyl D-glucoside’s often found in baby shampoo, sensitive skin formulations, and green or natural health products.


Decyl D-glucoside is a colorless and transparent liquid.
Decyl D-glucoside can be easily dissolved with water.
Decyl D-glucoside is split and the resultant fatty acids separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form the fatty alcohol.


Decyl D-glucoside has great foaming properties and is considered Mild.
Decyl D-glucoside can be used as the primary surfactant or can be a co-surfactant in cleansing formulas.
Decyl D-glucoside is not is comparable with that of a foam obtained using anionic surfactants.


Decyl D-glucoside is often an attractive choice for shampoos and other personal care cleaning applications because it has desirable foaming properties.
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to Decyl D-glucoside's foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.


Decyl D-glucoside is also employed in leave-on products such as no-rinsing cleansing milks, lotions, and several sunscreen agents and is contained as a stabilizing surfactant of organic microparticles in sunscreen agent Tinosorb.
Consumers often see foam as an essential part of the cleaning process, and Decyl D-glucoside produces voluminous foam that has an excellent stability in personal care applications.


Decyl D-glucoside and the other alkyl glucoside ingredients may be used in baby products, bath products, cleansing products, skin care products, eye makeup and hair care products including hair dyes and colors.


Applications of Decyl D-glucoside: body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, cleansing creams, hand soaps, baby products, hair conditioners, cream rinses.
This non-ionic surfactant, Decyl D-glucoside, is derived from natural sources, specifically glucose and fatty alcohols.


Decyl D-glucoside is known for its excellent foaming and cleansing properties, making it a popular ingredient in shampoos, body washes, and dishwashing detergents.
Decyl D-glucoside is considered to be a mild and gentle surfactant, suitable for sensitive skin.


Decyl D-glucoside is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, making it a preferred choice in the formulation of eco-friendly products.
Overall, Decyl D-glucoside is a versatile compound that plays a crucial role in the development of effective and sustainable cleaning and personal care solutions.


-Cosmetic Applications of Decyl D-glucoside:
Decyl D-glucoside is primarily recognized in the cosmetic industry.
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant, frequently used in rinse-off and leave-on cosmetics, especially for individuals with sensitive skin due to its good tolerance.

Originating from plant sources and being biodegradable, Decyl D-glucoside is derived from the reaction of glucose from corn starch with fatty alcohol from coconut oil.
Decyl D-glucoside's resurgence in recent years is attributed to its eco-friendly character and low irritancy and allergenicity, making it a component in various cosmetic products.


-Industrial and Chemical Applications of Decyl D-glucoside:
In the industrial sector, Decyl D-glucoside shows promising results as a corrosion inhibitor for magnesium–air batteries.
Studies demonstrate Decyl D-glucoside's effectiveness in reducing the corrosion rate of Mg in battery electrolyte, significantly improving battery performance.
Moreover, the synthesis of Decyl D-glucoside using zeolite catalysts has been explored, indicating its potential in various industrial applications.


-Biochemical Research of Decyl D-glucoside:
In biochemical research, alkyl glucosides like Decyl D-glucoside are used as solubilizing agents for membrane proteins.
Their non-denaturing properties and ease of removal by dialysis make them ideal for research in membrane biology.
They have also been studied for their binding interactions with proteins like bovine serum albumin, providing insights into detergent-protein interactions.


-Biotechnological Applications of Decyl D-glucoside:
In biotechnology, the transformation of methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside to higher chain alkyl glucosides using Pichia etchellsii cells has been investigated.
This research highlights the potential of using microbial cells for the synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucosides, offering a biotechnological approach for producing these compounds.


-Decyl D-glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
- Shampoo
- Bubble bath
- Cleaning lotion
- Shower gel
- Hand and face cleansers


-Decyl D-glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
◇ Shampoo
◇ Bubble bath
◇ Cleaning lotion
◇ shower gel
◇ Hand and face cleansers


-Surface and Colloid Chemistry uses of Decyl D-glucoside:
Decyl D-glucoside is also significant in surface and colloid chemistry. Studies on the distribution and aggregation of decyl β-D-glucoside in hydrocarbon and water systems reveal its properties as a surfactant.
Understanding the interactions of Decyl D-glucoside in such systems is crucial for its applications in diverse fields, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.


-Electrochemistry uses of Decyl D-glucoside:
In electrochemistry, the influence of Decyl D-glucoside on the electrodeposition of tin has been explored.
This study provides insights into how Decyl D-glucoside, as a surface active agent, can modify the kinetics and morphology of tin deposits, indicating its potential in electroplating and surface coating technologies



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a very mild co-surfactant compatible with anionic, nonionic & cationic surfactants (also useful as primary surfactant)



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl D-glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl D-glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl D-glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



HOW TO USE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Blend Decyl D-glucoside with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl D-glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.



DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE TO USE IN:
*Shower Gel
*Shampoo
*Face Wash
*Bath Foam



WHERE IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE FOUND?
Decyl D-glucoside is found throughout the cosmetic industry in products such as baby shampoo and specialty items labeled for sensitive skin.
Various creams, body washes, and baby skin care items contain Decyl D-glucoside.



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE?
*Body Washes
*Cleansers and Cleaning Cloths
*Hair Color Products



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a very mild co-surfactant compatible with anionic, nonionic & cationic surfactants (also useful as primary surfactant)



WHERE IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE FOUND?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is found throughout the cosmetic industry in products such as baby shampoo and specialty items labeled for sensitive skin.
Various creams, body washes, and baby skin care items contain Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside).



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE?
*Body Washes
*Cleansers and Cleaning Cloths
*Hair Color Products



THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps to keep a clean surface

*Emulsion stabilizing :
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion

*Surfactant :
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used
In the cleaning industry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in the production of hard surface cleaners, strong-acting cleaners and concentrates.

Due to its strong wetting properties and good emulsifying properties, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is excellent at allowing the water and the grease phase to mix, thus facilitating cleaning processes.
Its high foaming properties make Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) ideal for use in the production of active foams.
Due to its natural nature, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is ideal for use in cleaning products that are used outdoors and may come into contact with nature.



BENEFITS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
1.Decyl D-glucoside assists in the manufacturing of foaming products:
Decyl D-glucoside is a moderate surfactant with qualities that make it ideal for creating frothy effects in cosmetics. Shampoos, soaps, body washes, and facial cleansers are just a few of the products available.
Decyl D-glucoside’s a natural product that’s both safe and good for your skin. It is non-irritating to the skin and has no negative effects.


2.Decyl D-glucoside aids the mixing of oil with water:
Surfactant is one of the few substances on the market that are used by manufacturers all over the world to combine water and oil.
Decyl D-glucoside also aids in the removal of debris and the clarification of a solution.
Decyl D-glucoside aids in the removal of debris from the face when used in facial cleansers.


3.Decyl D-glucoside's solubilizing properties are exceptional:
Caprylyl Capryl Glucoside is well-known for its high solubility.
Decyl D-glucoside works wonders with surfactant solutions that are very concentrated, especially when salt and alkalies are present.
Decyl D-glucoside’s a naturally generated substance that can be blended with other solutions to maintain them as natural as possible.


4.Decyl D-glucoside is a Safe Polysorbate Substitute:
Decyl D-glucoside is a safe substitute for polysorbates when it comes to solubilizing essential and aroma oils in other liquid compositions.
Decyl D-glucoside is a biodegradable component that belongs to the Alkyl polyglucosides surfactant class.


5.Decyl D-glucoside aids in the creation of Flash Foam and Denser Foam:
Caprylyl Capryl Glucoside is a mild foaming agent that can be used to create both dense and flash foam.
The efficiency of foam can be determined by determining the amount of surfactant to be added to the solution.
Coco and Decyl D-glucosides can be combined to form a thick solution.



FEATURES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl D-glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl D-glucoside can be used with other glucosides to improve foaming and skin care properties.
Decyl D-glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



ALTERNATIVES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*COCOGLUCOSIDE,
*LAURYL GLUCOSIDE,
*SUCROSE COCOATE
*CAPRYLYL CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE



SYNTHESIS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is produced by the reaction of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol decanol, which is derived from coconut.



ORIGIN OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl D-glucoside is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl D-glucoside is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.



HOW CAN DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE BE BENEFICIAL?
Decyl D-glucoside has been found to have numerous beneficial qualities and is used for various purposes.
Its neutral property makes Decyl D-glucoside compatible with other cleaning chemical agents.
Let's find out what are the benefits of Decyl D-glucoside:


1. Decyl D-glucoside is used in toiletries and personal hygiene.
Decyl D-glucoside is a natural surfactant that lathers quite easily.
This makes Decyl D-glucoside one of the primary ingredients used as base-surfactant and co-surfactant in soaps, body and face washes, and cleansers.
The non-toxic, 100% biodegradable, and mild surfactant activity of Decyl D-glucoside makes it an ideal washing solution for fruits and vegetables.


2. Decyl D-glucoside helps in removing oil and dirt
Being a surfactant, Decyl D-glucoside effectively removes grease and impurities from a surface when used along with water.
This mechanism occurs as Decyl D-glucoside can lower the surface tension between the two liquids.


3. Decyl D-glucoside is used as an Element/Ingredient in Personal Care Products :
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., categorized in the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
Decyl D-glucoside helps in hydrating the skin and helps in preventing the drying of the skin.
Incorporating Decyl D-glucoside in skincare products increases the skin's ability to tolerate the cosmetic formulations.


4. Safe to be used on sensitive skin
As derived from all-natural sources, Decyl D-glucoside is non-toxic and very skin-friendly.
Its gentle action on the skin makes Decyl D-glucoside an ideal ingredient to be used on sensitive skin.

Decyl D-glucoside does not result in any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl D-glucoside is also safe to be used on baby skin for its mild properties and the absence of harmful ethylene oxide.
Decyl D-glucoside is used in pet products too.


5. Decyl D-glucoside is used as an element/ingredient for hair care products
Its bubbling and foaming property also makes Decyl D-glucoside a primary component in shampoos.
Decyl D-glucoside is non-drying and is gentle on any texture of hair.

Decyl D-glucoside's non-ionic quality helps in maintaining the natural pH of the hair.
Decyl D-glucoside is also used in hair mousse to retain moisture in the hair and keeps them frizz-free.



IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE GOOD FOR YOUR SKIN?
Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from 100% natural sources and is safe for all skin types.
Whether you have dry skin, normal or sensitive skin, you can enjoy the benefits of Decyl D-glucoside.
Being non-toxic and biodegradable, Decyl D-glucoside does not cause any severe harm to the skin.

Decyl D-glucoside's mild soapy activity gently cleans all the dirt and impurities from the skin layer.
If you have oily skin and despise the unwanted shine on your face, Decyl D-glucoside can help you in effectively washing the grease off your face.

Surfactants are known for their ability to wet a surface.
Decyl D-glucoside, being a mild surfactant, can help in hydration of the skin.
Decyl D-glucoside is also incorporated in certain anti-aging products because of its ability to wet the dermal layers and reduce wrinkles and fine lines.



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid (clearer than most other glucosides), which increases the foaming capacity in skincare and haircare products.
Decyl D-glucoside also has the excellent benefit of acting as an emulsifier to allow essential oils and water to mix.
Using Decyl D-glucoside you can also blend some denser oils, such as carrier oils into your products.



MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Surfactant, often known as a surface-active agent, is a detergent-like chemical.
When added to a liquid, it lowers the surface tension, making it easier to spread and moisten.

Surfactants break down these interactions as they absorb.
Because the intermolecular interactions between the surfactant and the water molecule are substantially lower than those between two water molecules, surface tension is reduced.

Micelles occur when the concentration of surfactant is high.
The critical micelle concentration is the point at which micelles begin to form.
The primary function of surfactants is to reduce surface and interfacial tension while also stabilising the interface.



WHAT DOES DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsion stabilising
*Foaming
*Surfactant


EXCELLENT FOAMING OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
More Bubbles - More Happiness!
Just a small Decyl D-glucoside natural surfactant amount will wake you up and energize your body in a refreshingly fragrant bath.



MULTIPLE USES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
The Decyl D-glucoside natural surfactant for making bath bombs are great for making all kinds of homemade bath products.
Some of Decyl D-glucoside ones include bath truffles, bubble scoops, cream shampoos and face cleansers.



WHY DO WE USE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE IN FORMULATIONS?
Why do we use it in formulations?
Decyl D-glucoside can be a good primary or secondary surfactant, contributing foaming/cleansing to an end product.
Decyl D-glucoside has a really rich, dense lather that is lovely in formulations.



REFINED OR UNREFINED?
Decyl D-glucoside only exists as a refined product.


STRENGHTS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a relatively easy to source “natural” surfactant with lovely lather.


WEAKNESSES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside has a fairly high pH and isn’t a great solubilizer; I tend to choose Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside over the other glucosides.


HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE
Include Decyl D-glucoside in the water phase of your formulations; it can be hot or cold processed.


STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, Decyl D-glucoside should last at least two years.



WHY DO WE INCLUDE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE IN FORMULATIONS?
Excellent solubilizer, far superior to many other surfactants.
This means that essential and fragrance oils can be used in products such as hand washes without the use of a solubilizer like Polysorbate 20.



HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE
Decyl D-glucoside can be utilised in cold-processed formulations because it is liquid, but it can also be heated in the hot water phase.
So that you don't make too much lather, avoid aggressive stirring/agitation.



BENEFITS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*Natural raw materials, biodegradable
*Numerous certifications COSMOS, RSPO MB, REACH, etc.
*Great foaming performance and very mild
*Good solubility in concentrated alkali solutions
*Green ingredient for personal care cleansers and hard surface cleaning.



HOW TO USE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Blend Decyl D-glucoside with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl D-glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.
Decyl D-glucoside is ones of the easiest surfactants to work with and mixes simply with water and other surfactants to create lovely Shower

Gel, Shampoos and Face Washes with just simple agitation.
Decyl D-glucoside can also be added to cream and cleanser bases to add foaming ability.
Simply add Decyl D-glucoside to the cold process ingredients.



SAFETY PROFILE OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Comparable to the other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including Decyl D-glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are non-irritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl D-glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate, sensitive skin.
It’s considered mild, low toxicity, and eco-friendly, making Decyl D-glucoside a great option to minimize the environmental footprint.



THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside helps to keep a clean surface

*Emulsion stabilizing :
Decyl D-glucoside promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion

*Surfactant :
Decyl D-glucoside reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used
In the cleaning industry, Decyl D-glucoside is used in the production of hard surface cleaners, strong-acting cleaners and concentrates.

Due to its strong wetting properties and good emulsifying properties, Decyl D-glucoside is excellent at allowing the water and the grease phase to mix, thus facilitating cleaning processes.
Its high foaming properties make Decyl D-glucoside ideal for use in the production of active foams.
Due to its natural nature, Decyl D-glucoside is ideal for use in cleaning products that are used outdoors and may come into contact with nature.



ADVANTAGES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
- Easily biodegradable
- Provides performance analogous to that of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) surfactants and in most cases performs better than primary alcohol ethoxylate (PAE) surfactants.
- Excellent wetting performance
- Water soluble
- Soluble in most polar organic solvents
- Cold production
- Chemically stable in dilute acids, bases and salts
- Compatible with anionic, cationic and other non-ionic surfactants
In cosmetics, Decyl D-glucoside or DAPG (DG) are used as surfactants of non-ionic nature.
They are considered as a new generation of green surfactants that are considered non-allergenic, moisturizing and produced from renewable sources.



STORAGE AND STANBILITY OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside may be stored for 24 months from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container and at room temperature.
Decyl D-glucoside should be protected from light, heat, oxygen and moisture.
Keep container tightly closed. Once opened, use contents quickly.



WHY IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE USED?
In cosmetics and personal care products, Decyl D-glucoside, Lauryl Glucoside, Arachidyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Coco-Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – cleansing agents.
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside and Cetearyl Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – emulsifying agents, while Ethyl Glucoside is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent – humectant.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Arachidyl proprionate (or glucoside) is NOT derived from peanuts (Arachis hypogaea).
Therefore, use of Decyl D-glucoside in cosmetic products does not represent an allergy concern for children (or adults) with peanut allergies.

Alkyl glucosides consist of alkyl groups bound to glucose in the D-glycopyranoside form.
The glucose portion of the compound may consist of mono-, di-, tri-, oligo- or polysaccharides.

For example, Decyl D-glucoside with a degree of polymerization of 1.6 is a mixture of decyl monosaccharide (glucopyranoside) and decyl disaccharide (also called maltopyranoside).
These ingredients are generally sold as aqueous solutions containing 50-65% of the ingredient.



FEATURES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*50% Active
*Non-Ionic
*Essential Oil-in-water solubiliser
*Foam agent
*Surfactant for skin and hair cleansing
*PEG free



FUNCTION OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a, natural, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.



HOW IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE OBTAINED?
Decyl D-glucoside boasts a 100% natural, plant-derived composition that is made of fatty alcohol and glucose.
The fatty alcohol, also known as decyl alcohol or decanol, is generated by hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid extracted from coconuts or palm kernel oils.
Decyl Glycoside surfactant is 100% pure organic, biodegradable, extracted from coconut oil and corns, a non-ionic surfactant that is very gentle on skin and hair.



DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE, SKIN FRIENDLY:
Products made with Decyl D-glucoside surfactant are much milder than products made with other surfactant type.
Truly an excellent choice for gentle facial and body cleansers for sensitive skin, and a great alternative for soap.



WHAT IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE USED FOR?
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild cleanser used in cosmetic formulations and can be applied to sensitive skin.
Decyl D-glucoside can increase the foaming capacities of skin care and hair care products.

Decyl D-glucoside acts as an emulsifier that allows mixing of water and essential oils.
Decyl D-glucoside can blend dense oils like carrier oils in your product.
Decyl D-glucoside is used at a maximum concentration of 40% and is found at 10-20% in face washes and 15-30% in shower gels and shampoos.

In addition to being an excellent, gentle cleansing surfactant in skin care products, Decyl D-glucoside is also a highly effective solubilizing agent for essential oils and fragrances as well as cationic surfactants.
Due to this dual purpose, Decyl D-glucoside is an excellent choice for the formulation of foaming aromatherapy products.



ADVANTAGES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
- Easily biodegradable
- Provides performance analogous to that of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) surfactants and in most cases performs better than primary alcohol ethoxylate (PAE) surfactants.
- Excellent wetting performance
- Water soluble
- Soluble in most polar organic solvents
- Cold production
- Chemically stable in dilute acids, bases and salts
- Compatible with anionic, cationic and other non-ionic surfactants
In cosmetics, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) or DAPG (DG) are used as surfactants of non-ionic nature.
They are considered as a new generation of green surfactants that are considered non-allergenic, moisturizing and produced from renewable sources.



BENEFITS AND USES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is one of the most sought-after ingredients to be put to use in formulating anti-dandruff shampoos, eczema creams, moisturizers, mild shampoos, etc.
Its influence is ubiquitous primarily because Decyl D-glucoside forms a stable foam, is a humectant, and is particularly gentle to be used in any personal care products.
Decyl D-glucoside has garnered attention in recent times for its use in fruit and vegetable washes due to its mild cleansing action.
Decyl D-glucoside also forms the base of most of the makeup removers or micellar waters.



HOW DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE WORKS:
Decyl D-glucoside lowers the surface tension of products it is added to.
This helps them remove dirt and oils more effectively while stabilizing oil and water mixtures.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is soluble in water and insoluble in oils.
For no-rinse products, the recommended concentration of Decyl D-glucoside is 3%-5%
In rinse-off products, the highest concentration suggested for use is 33%.



HOW TO USE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Add Decyl D-glucoside to the surfactant phase.
Keep stirring Decyl D-glucoside continuously until it completely dissolves.
Add Decyl D-glucoside acids of choice to neutralize pH.



DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE AT A GLANCE:
*Primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
*Known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers
*Can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
*Deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly



FUNCTIONS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*Surfactant
*Cleansing agent
*Sensory Modifier
*Emulsion stabilizer
*Detergent



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a great addition to products that require rich and dense foams, such as:
●Shampoos
●Conditioners
●Shower gels
●Bath oils
●Dermatological liquid soaps
●Hair colors
●Hair straightening products

Apart from its excellent foaming abilities, Decyl D-glucoside helps skin and hair retain moisture and keeps them healthy.
Decyl D-glucoside also works very well with Cocamidopropyl betaine, which is an amphoteric surfactant with antistatic properties for hair care formulations.

According to the Cosmetics Ingredient Review, Decyl D-glucoside is safe for use in almost all topical applications or products, specifically in soaps, bubble baths, body washes, and detergents.
Regardless of what kind of product you want to try, Decyl D-glucoside has a good safety profile for all skin types and is 100% biodegradable - the perfect congenial ingredient to add to your creations if you are concerned about health, wellness, and the environment.



ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSTITUTIONS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
We tend to prefer Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside in any recipe that calls for Decyl D-glucoside, though the lather of Decyl D-glucoside is richer + thicker, so it might blend Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Decyl D-glucoside to get some of the solubilizing powers of Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and the lather of Decyl D-glucoside.



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant that provides superior detergency, emulsifying, penetrating and surface tension reduction properties.
Decyl D-glucoside shows good compatibility with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.



WHAT IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE USED FOR?
Decyl D-glucoside has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl D-glucoside is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.

Decyl D-glucoside is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl D-glucoside is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl D-glucoside helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.

Decyl D-glucoside has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl D-glucoside helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.


*Skin care:
Decyl D-glucoside acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl D-glucoside is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams


*Hair care:
Decyl D-glucoside is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl D-glucoside is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl D-glucoside is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.

Decyl D-glucoside does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl D-glucoside has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 5
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: Decyl D-glucoside
CAS#: 54549-25-6
Chemical Formula: C16H32O6
Exact Mass: 320.22
Molecular Weight: 320.430
Elemental Analysis: C, 59.98; H, 10.07; O, 29.96
IUPAC/Chemical Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
InChi Key: JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
SMILES Code: CCCCCCCCCCOC1C@@HO
Appearance: Solid powder
Formula: C16H32O6
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
InChI key: InChIKey=JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
SMILES: OCC1OC(OCCCCCCCCCC)C(O)C(O)C1O

CAS: 54549-25-6 MF: C16H32O6 MW: 320.42 EINECS: 259-218-1
CBNumber: CB8885133
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.42
MDL Number: MFCD23103077
MOL File: 54549-25-6.mol
Boiling point: 476.5±45.0 °C (Predicted)
Density: 1.14±0.1 g/cm3 (Predicted)
pKa: 12.95±0.70 (Predicted)
EPA Substance Registry System: Decyl D-glucopyranoside (54549-25-6)
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Weight: 320.42200
Density: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Melting Point: N/A
MSDS: N/A
Flash Point: N/A

Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.42200
Exact Mass: 320.22000
PSA: 99.38000
LogP: 0.94360
CAT Number: I025829
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.43
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Purity: 98
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Storage: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4°C for short term (days to weeks) or -20°C for long term (months to years).
IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
InChIKey: JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O

Chemical formula: C16H32O6
Molar mass: 320.426 g•mol−1
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Texture: Slippery, detergenty
Scent: Characteristically detergent-y
Active Surfactant Matter: 51%
pH: 11–12
Charge: Non-ionic
Solubility: Water
Boiling Point: >100°C
Melting Point: <0°C
pH: 11.0-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water
Viscosity: 1000-3000 mPa.s

INCI: Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside
Appearance: A viscous, pale yellow liquid.
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 5.5–6
Aroma: Soapy/detergent-like in aroma.
INCI: Decyl Glucoside
Appearance: Semi-viscous yellowish liquid
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 11–12
Aroma: Characteristically detergent



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

DECYL GLUCOSIDE
Decyl Glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.


CAS Number: 54549-25-6
EC Number: 259-218-1
Chem/IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6



Decyl glucoside, 68515-73-1, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, 54549-25-6, 141464-42-8, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, Capryl glycoside, MFCD23103077, Caprylyl glycoside, decyl glucopyranoside, EINECS 259-218-1, C16H32O6, n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside, D-Glucose decyl octyl ether, SCHEMBL43196, APG0814, DTXSID30893008, JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N, AKOS016004985, DS-3841, A867031, W-111093, W-203522, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, Alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, APG0810, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, Decyl octyl d-glucose, Decyl glucoside extract, Vegetable decyl glucoside, B-D-Glucopyranoside, DECYL-D-glucoside,
DECYL, DECYL D-glucoside, DECYL Polyglucoside, DECYL- B-D-Glucopyranoside, DECYL-B -D-Glucopyranoside, GLUCOSIDE, Decyl, Non-ionic surfactant,



Decyl Glucoside is wise to do a little research on the ingredients of the skincare or other personal care products that you use regularly or are thinking of, including your daily regime.
Decyl Glucoside gives you a fair idea of what beneficial effects you should expect and warn you about any anticipated risks.


Before we proceed any further, let us see what Decyl Glucoside is and how it is sourced.
Decyl Glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.


Decyl Glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.
Decyl Glucoside is synthesized following a reaction between glucose obtained from corn starch and the fatty alcohol decanol extracted from coconuts.
Due to its absolute organic composition, decyl glucoside has become one of the most used ingredients in personal care products such as cleansers, body washes, and shampoos.


Its 'non-ionic' property signifies that Decyl Glucoside has a neutral charge and can lower water's surface and produce foam.
Decyl Glucoside has been seen to be skin-friendly.
Its mildness makes Decyl Glucoside suitable to be used even on sensitive skin.


Decyl glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl glucoside has excellent foaming properties, making it an ideal aid in the manufacture of shower gels, shampoos and shaving products.
Decyl Glucoside is particularly suitable for delicate and sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant (surface-active agent) that is derived from glucose, a natural sugar found in plants, and decanol, a fatty alcohol.
The foam generated is fine and stable.


Decyl Glucoside is an excellent choice for those who want to achieve foaming properties in their products without the use of surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside is water soluble.
As a type of alkyl polyglucoside, decyl glucoside is a cloudy liquid derived from palm kernel oils, corn sugars, and/or coconut oil.


Decyl glucoside is a naturally-dirived, non-ionic surfactant that offers super foaming and cleansing qualities.
Decyl Glucoside is produced from coconut and corn-starch.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant (surface-active agent) that is derived from glucose, a natural sugar found in plants, and decanol, a fatty alcohol.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild, natural, vegan, plant-derived, biodegradable, non-toxic, and sustainable surfactant suitable for the most delicate skin.
Decyl Glucoside is 100% natural and Non GMO
Decyl Glucoside comes from 100% renewable, biodegradable, vegan resources.


Decyl Glucoside is Ecocert and COSMOS approved for certified organic formulations.
Decyl Glucoside does not bioaccumulate.
Decyl Glucoside leaves no residue as do saponified natural soaps


Decyl Glucoside is mild, gentle, and non-drying, making it ideal for even the most delicate skin.
Decyl Glucoside’s non-irritating, non-allergenic, non-carcinogenic, and non-toxic.
EWG (the Environmental Working Group) rates it a “2”, meaning it is of “low concern” in terms of any safety issues.


Decyl Glucoside works great as a fruit and veggie wash (one of the many uses for our All Purpose).
Decyl Glucoside’s safe enough for babies and pets! (verified to not be a skin or eye irritant by independent third party testing.
Decyl Glucoside can be combined with other non-toxic surfactants to enhance cleaning power.


Decyl Glucoside does not harm the environment or waterways - produces NO surfactant by-products such as ethylene oxide or 1,4 dioxane (we’ll cover this more coming up).
Decyl Glucoside helps create a non-toxic and highly effective end product with serious cleaning and foaming power.


Decyl glucoside, for example, is an excellent foaming agent, but it's foam doesn’t last very long.
That’s why we combine Decyl Glucoside with a comparable non-toxic, natural, non-irritating, non-dioxin-producing, etc., co-surfactant, coco glycoside (from coconuts) in Concentrate, which has better long-lasting foaming


Decyl glucoside is a sugar surfactant on the basis of coconut oil and glucose.
This pure, plant surfactant, Decyl Glucoside, is well tolerated and due to its biodegradability, Decyl Glucoside is harmless to the environment.
Decyl Glucoside can be used in shampoos and body washes and has thickening and foaming properties in cosmetic products.


Decyl Glucoside leaves the skin feeling supple.
Additionally, Decyl Glucoside lowers the potential of irritations of other surfactants, which in turn, increases the tolerance of the cosmetic product.
Decyl glucoside is a mild cleanser used in cosmetic formularies including in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for most hair types.
Decyl Glucoside is a biodegradable plant derivative that is completely natural.
Decyl Glucoside is made from natural resources by blending the fatty alcohol found in coconut with the glucose found in starch and sugar.


Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is found in most skincare and hair care products.
Decyl Glucoside is a thick, slightly yellowish, turbid liquid.
Decyl Glucoside is moderate and delicate, making it suitable for persons with sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.
Decyl Glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl Betaine.


Recommend usage levels of Decyl Glucoside is 10% - 20% (Face Products) and 15% - 30% (Body & Hair Products).
Decyl Glucoside is a vegetable origin (coconut or palm kernel oil and glucose) cleansing agent with great foaming abilities.
Decyl Glucoside's also mild to the skin and readily biodegradable.


Decyl Glucoside is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.
Decyl Glucoside’s a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.
This reaction creates a highly biodegradable solution that is tolerant to electrolytes.


Decyl Glucoside comes from renewable, biodegradable, and plant-derived raw materials.
As such, Decyl Glucoside’s ideal for cleansing products where mildness and environmental concerns are important.
Decyl Glucoside’s often found in baby shampoo, sensitive skin formulations, and green or natural health products.


Decyl Glucoside is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.
Decyl Glucoside is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.


Chemically, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.
Decyl Glucoside is not harmful and has a lower skin irritation level compared to other surfactants.


Decyl Glucoside is often an attractive choice for shampoos and other personal care cleaning applications because it has desirable foaming properties.
Consumers often see foam as an essential part of the cleaning process, and Decyl Glucoside produces voluminous foam that has an excellent stability in personal care applications.


Decyl Glucoside is a colorless and transparent liquid.
Decyl Glucoside can be easily dissolved with water.
The usage rate varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of Decyl Glucoside and its interaction with other substances.


Decyl Glucoside is a biodegradable nonionic surfactant derived from Cocos nucifera (coconut) and/or RSPO Palm and is an aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol polyglucoside.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and is light and gentle on the skin.


Decyl glucoside is a nonionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside is therefore suitable for use as a base surfactant or co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.


Decyl glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl glucoside is vegetable Origin and Palm.
Decyl glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.


Decyl glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore Decyl Glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Recommended Usage Level of Decyl Glucoside is 10% - 20% (Face Wash) and 15% - 30% (Shower Gel / Bath Foam / Shampoo).
Maximum Usage Level of Decyl Glucoside is 40%.


Decyl Glucoside is a very popular ingredient these days because it comes from corn and coconuts, so it's natural, and it's also biodegradable.
You'll commonly find Decyl Glucoside used as a detergent/cleanser and sometimes it's labeled ambiguously as "non-ionic surfactant" which means that it has a neutral (no) charge, and it lowers the surface tension of water.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild and gentle non-ionic surfactant, derived from plant-based fatty alcohols and glucose from sugar or starch.
Decyl Glucoside is a naturally derived, non-ionic surfactant or surface-active agent commonly found in personal care products like shampoos, body washes, cleansers, liquid hand soaps, etc.


Owing to its excellent foaming capacity and skin-friendly nature, Decyl Glucoside is a suitable co-surfactant or base-surfactant in many cleansing products, making it ideal for sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.


Decyl Glucoside is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).
This foaming surfactant, Decyl Glucoside, is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.
Decyl glucoside is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.


Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl Glucoside is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!
Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl Glucosidean ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl glucoside exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.


Decyl glucoside is obtained from the condensation of glucose + the fatty alcohol decanol, which comes from coconuts. Its mildness makes it popular for use in baby shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside is known for producing desirable foaming properties.


As a raw material, decyl glucoside is described as a water-soluble, clear to slightly hazy yellow or amber viscous liquid.
In 2013, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel deemed decyl glucoside “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


Their report looked at rinse-off products containing up to 33% and only up to 2% for leave-on formulas.
Decyl Glucoside for your compounding of soaps , shampoos , body washes, high quality detergent items.
Decyl Glucoside is a versatile nonionic surfactant that is very mild and gentle.


But tough enough for more serious surface cleaning too!
Decyl Glucoside is a fatty polyglycoside prepared by reacting cornstarch glucose with Natural fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is considered to be one of the best of the New generation of surfactants .


In the EU where there are heavy restrictions in place regarding cleanser ingredients, the demand for the alkyl polyglucosides increased dramatically.
Many companies with a natural focus to their formulations are now turning to Decyl Glucoside as their primary, and in some cases only, surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside is so mild that it typically does not require blending with any of the mildness additives although they can be used.


Decyl Glucoside is EcoCert approved for certified organic formulations.
A glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.
Alcohols are a large class of important cosmetic ingredients but only ethanol needs to be denatured to prevent it from being redirected from cosmetic applications to alcoholic beverages.


For example Decyl Glucoside is formed by reacting a 10 carbon chain alcohol, decyl alcohol, with a cyclic form of glucose.
Other alkyl glucoside ingredients that may be used in cosmetics include Arachidyl Glucoside, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Cetearyl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Ethyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl glucoside is a plant-based surfactant that usually appears as a clear liquid with a mild sweet fatty aroma, and is found in many cleaning products, soaps and cleansers.
Decyl glucoside is derived from glucose (from corn or potato) and decyl alcohol (from coconut or palm).


Decyl Glucoside's what's known as a ‘non-ionic surfactant’, which means the molecules have no charge and help deliver non-streak cleaning.
Regarding its safety profile, a group of Alkyl Glucosides, including decyl glucoside, were assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel in 2013.


They reviewed their safety for dermal exposure in cosmetics and concluded they are “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”
EWG notes studies showing allergic contact dermatitis to decyl and lauryl glucoside exists in a small percentage of the population, and appropriate care should be taken for those with sensitivities.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to enhance foaming and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as the base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansing formulations.
Uses of decyl glucoside include shampoos, body washes, shower gels, baby cleansers, bubble baths and viscosity builder in handmade liquid soaps.


Decyl Glucoside offers stable foam and lather.
Decyl Glucoside is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers, as well as in household cleaning products.
Decyl Glucoside is used Shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers, as well as in household cleaning products.


Decyl Glucoside generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl Glucoside produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.
Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.


Decyl Glucoside belongs to the alkyl glucosides family of surfactants and is commonly used as a non-toxic and eco-friendly alternative to conventional sulfates (like sodium laurel sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate).
Decyl Glucoside is used as a plant-based surfactant, it’s naturally biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly.


Decyl Glucoside may also be used in cleansing agents for irritating skin types.
Decyl glucoside prevents skin dryness because of its high foaming power, mildness, and ability to quickly lather and thicken while preserving skin moisture even after repeated application.


Decyl Glucoside also makes a cosmetic composition more skin-friendly.
Decyl glucoside is a surfactant used as an additive or a co-surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).


Decyl glucoside is widely used in many “natural” products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.


Decyl Glucoside is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers, as well as in household cleaning products.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.


Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.
Decyl Glucoside helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.


Decyl Glucoside gives the product foaming potential.
Decyl Glucoside helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as the sole surfactant or co-surfactant in cleaning formulas.


Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.


Decyl glucoside was first used in soaps and body cleansers because of its great foaming power, mildness, and its ability to lather easily and thicken while retaining skin moisture even when used repeatedly; prevent skin dryness.
Decyl Glucoside also improves skin tolerance of a cosmetic formulation.


Decyl glucoside is classified as a surfactant and this is why it is used in many products that are primarily used for personal hygiene and toiletries.
Decyl Glucoside also helps to moisturize the skin to prevent inflammation and itchiness.
Decyl glucoside has many other qualities making it compatible with other cleaning chemicals and agents.


Surfactants lower the surface tension of products they’re added to, helping them remove dirt and oils more effectively while stabilizing oil and water mixtures.
As a surfactant Decyl Glucoside also improves a product's ability to wet surfaces and form foam that’s stable and long-lasting.


Decyl Glucoside is used in our wrinkle releaser as a wetting agent.
Decyl Glucoside, used as a co-surfactant, can reduce the total active requirements of other foaming ingredients, without altering their performance; cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening, are all maintained while improving on the mild, and gentle, nature of the final formulation.


When used in formulations, Decyl Glucoside creates a good and stable foam for a non-ionic surfactant and can be used on its own or combined with other surfactants such as Cocamidopropyl Betaine, as this will enhance the smoothness of the foam.
Decyl Glucoside’s fully compatible with anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and other non-ionic surfactants.


As it doesn’t dry out the skin, Decyl Glucoside’s ideal for use in products for sensitive skin, such as baby products and facial cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside and the other alkyl glucoside ingredients may be used in baby products, bath products, cleansing products, skin care products, eye makeup and hair care products including hair dyes and colors.


Decyl Glucoside also contributes to lather, wetting and suspension of soils in products like shampoo, body wash, bubble bath, wool wash and facial cleansers.
We use Decyl Glucoside in some of our personal care and cleaning products for its gentle but effective cleansing properties, and general compatibility with sensitive skin.


Polyglucoses/ sugar derived surfactants like the decyl glucoside exhibit mildness traits of nonionics, with the foam of an anionic.
Decyl Glucoside is this unique characteristic that enables it to be utilized as both the primary & co-surfactant in formulations.
Decyl glucoside is primarily used for its surfactant (cleansing) properties.


While most common in facial and body cleansers, you can also find decyl glucoside in products such as self-tanners, sunscreens, and liquid foundations where it may function as an emulsion stabiliser.
Due to its mildness and great foaming properties, Decyl Glucoside is recommended as a primary or co-surfactant.


-Decyl glucoside is used extensively in:
Natural cleaning products, Laundry products, Skincare products (cleansers, creams, make-up remover, etc.),
Shampoos, Conditioners,
Soaps, Body Washes,
Baby care products.



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE USED FOR?
Decyl Glucoside has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.
Decyl Glucoside is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucoside is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.
Decyl Glucoside has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl Glucoside helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.



SKIN CARE USES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucoside is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams



HAIR CARE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucoside is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.
Decyl Glucoside does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucoside has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft



FUNCTIONS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Surfactant
*Cleansing agent
*Sensory Modifier



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly



SPECIFICITIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Ecocert
*Preservative-free
*Quasi Drug



AT A GLANCE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
*Known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers
*Can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
*Deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsion stabilising
*Foaming
*Surfactant



ALTERNATIVES PARENTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*COCOGLUCOSIDE,
*SUCROSE COCOATE,
*LAURYL GLUCOSIDE,
*CAPRYLYL CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



ORIGIN OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Vegetable and Fruit Sugars



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Blend Decyl Glucoside with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl Glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.



FEATURES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl glucoside is obtained from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl glucoside can be used with other glucosides to improve foaming and skin care properties.
Decyl glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Mix with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin-clearing properties.



WHY IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE USED?
In cosmetics and personal care products, Decyl Glucoside
A glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.

Lauryl Glucoside, Arachidyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Coco-Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – cleansing agents.
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside and Cetearyl Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – emulsifying agents, while Ethyl Glucoside is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent – humectant
Ingredients that slow the loss of moisture from a product during use.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Arachidyl proprionate (or glucoside) is NOT derived from peanuts (Arachis hypogaea).
A glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.

Therefore, use of this ingredient in cosmetic products does not represent an allergy concern for children (or adults) with peanut allergies.
Alkyl glucosides consist of alkyl groups bound to glucose in the D-glycopyranoside form.
The glucose portion of the compound may consist of mono-, di-, tri-, oligo- or polysaccharides.

For example, Decyl Glucoside with a degree of polymerization of 1.6 is a mixture of decyl monosaccharide (glucopyranoside) and decyl disaccharide (also called maltopyranoside).
These ingredients are generally sold as aqueous solutions containing 50-65% of the ingredient.



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside’s critical for the health of your hair and scalp that you keep your scalp free of oil and deposits.
Shampoos are surfactants that remove dust, dirt and fat from the hair and scalp by lowering the interfacial tension between water and oil.

Sulphates are present in many shampoos and provide a moisturisation effect for a thorough clean.
Decyl Glucoside is an exceptional cleanser because it can froth into a thick foam despite not containing sulphates, which can deplete hair of pigment and essential oils.

Decyl Glucoside is beneficial to those with curly hair or colour-treated hair.
Decyl Glucoside also can cleanse while foaming up into a thick lather.
Here are some of the advantages of decyl-glucoside:

*Decyl Glucoside Cleanses The Hair And Scalp Gently:
Decyl-glucoside can cleanse the hair of impurities and excess oil from root to tip without irritating.
Gentle on the skin, Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming qualities that help spread the solution across the skin and improve the texture.

*Decyl Glucoside Maintains Hydration And Moisture:
Decyl Glucoside, unlike sulphates found in many shampoos, does not strip the hair.
Decyl Glucoside gently cleanses the hair and scalp while preserving moisture by making a pleasant foam and thoroughly washing it out.
This makes Decyl Glucoside a good option for those with thin or wavy hair who wish to get rid of buildup.
Decyl Glucoside’s also the most effective option if you don’t want to compromise the scalp’s healthy oil production.

*Decyl Glucoside’s Gentle On The Scalp:
Irritation and inflammation of the scalp are the most common reasons for hair loss.
Sulphates can be irritating to the skin, causing flaking, redness and inflammation.
Decyl-glucoside can generate a pleasant lather without sulphates.
This enhances the general texture of the hair.

*Decyl Glucoside Lifts And Adds Volume To Your Hair:
Some sulphate-free shampoos don’t lather well and might make your hair feel sluggish or lifeless.
As a result, experts advise anyone wishing to add thickness or volume to their hair to use Decyl Glucoside.

*Decyl Glucoside’s Environmentally Friendly:
Decyl Glucoside is gentle, low in toxicity and environmentally friendly, making it an excellent choice for anyone trying to reduce their hair routine’s ecological consequences.
Experts also agree that Decyl Glucoside is an environmental alternative to traditional surfactants because it is a plant-based substance.



CONCLUSION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is a sulphate-free surfactant that is present in shampoos and washes.
Decyl Glucoside’s an excellent option for haircare products since it is delicate and gentle, making it suitable for even the most sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside has also replaced sulphates in many traditional hair products, thus lessening the damage to your hair and skin.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE GOOD FOR YOUR SKIN?
Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% natural sources and is safe for all skin types.
Whether you have dry skin, normal or sensitive skin, you can enjoy the benefits of Decyl Glucoside.

Being non-toxic and biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside does not cause any severe harm to the skin.
Decyl Glucoside's mild soapy activity gently cleans all the dirt and impurities from the skin layer.
If you have oily skin and despise the unwanted shine on your face, Decyl Glucoside can help you in effectively washing the grease off your face.

Surfactants are known for their ability to wet a surface.
Decyl Glucoside, being a mild surfactant, can help in hydration of the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is also incorporated in certain anti-aging products because of its ability to wet the dermal layers and reduce wrinkles and fine lines.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Many haircare products contain Decyl Glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside’s common in baby products because of its gentle properties.
Decyl Glucoside’s a fantastic alternative for individuals who want to limit sulphates in their hair products yet miss the thick foam of standard shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside’s not a chemical you can buy separately. Instead, check for it on the packaging of hair products and co-washes.



WHO IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SUITABLE FOR?
Decyl Glucoside is suitable for all hair varieties and conditions. However, Decyl Glucoside is especially beneficial to people with curly or dry hair who want to avoid sulphates.
Decyl Glucoside’s also good for someone who has a sensitive or itchy scalp and wants to wash without removing the skin’s essential oils.



HOW OFTEN SHOULD YOU USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl Glucoside is suitable for daily use.
However, as with other surfactants, Decyl Glucoside should not be left on for longer than a minute to avoid irritation.
Everyone’s scalp and hair demands are different, so check with a hair specialist if you have any particular concerns.



IS IT OKEY TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER PRODUCTS?
You can mix Decyl Glucoside with a variety of different surfactants.
To make a thicker mixture, you can blend Decyl Glucoside with natural polymers like guar gum and carrageenan gum.
When you combine it with soy or Cocamidopropyl, Decyl Glucoside will have a better consistency.



HOW DECYL GLUCOSIDE IS MADE:
Decyl glucoside is made from plant-based fatty alcohols and sugar or glucose.
More specifically, commercial production requires condensing decyl glucoside (and other alkyl polyglucosides) with a glucose polymer.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO?
As a plant-based surfactant, decyl glucoside is often used in place of sulfates like SLS and SLES.
Decyl Glucoside can be found in hundreds of products like shampoo, facial cleansers, body wash, hand soap, laundry detergent, and makeup remover.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SAFE?
The Cosmetics Ingredient Review has deemed Decyl Glucoside safe for use in cosmetic products.
Due to its connection to contact dermatitis, the EWG has granted decyl glucoside a score of "2".
Whole Foods has deemed Decyl Glucoside as acceptable as a surfactant in its body care quality standards.



WHERE IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE FOUND?
Decyl glucoside is found throughout the cosmetic industry in products such as baby shampoo and specialty items labeled for sensitive skin.
Various creams, body washes, and baby skin care items containDecyl Glucoside.



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
*Body Washes
*Cleansers and Cleaning Cloths
*Hair Color Products



HOW DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE WORK?
As a surfactant/cleansing agent, decyl glucoside works by lowering the surface tension of the products it’s added to.
This results in the following:
*More effective removal of dirt and oils
*More stable and long-lasting foam
*Enhanced wetting power
*And stabilization of oil and water mixtures
*All plant-derived surfactants have their benefits and limitations, which is why they’re often combined with other surfactants.



WHERE DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE COME FROM?
What is decyl glucoside made of?
Decyl Glucoside is made through the condensation of long-chain fatty alcohols and glucose extracted from corn or coconuts; the plant glucose is reacted with a fatty alcohol to create an alkyl glucoside surfactant.
Since Decyl Glucoside’s a biodegradable plant derivative, it is considered a natural ingredient.



LET'S FIND OUT WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is used in toiletries and personal hygiene.
1. Decyl Glucoside is a natural surfactant that lathers quite easily.
This makes Decyl Glucoside one of the primary ingredients used as base-surfactant and co-surfactant in soaps, body and face washes, and cleansers.
The non-toxic, 100% biodegradable, and mild surfactant activity of Decyl Glucoside makes it an ideal washing solution for fruits and vegetables.

2. Helps in removing oil and dirt
Being a surfactant, Decyl Glucoside effectively removes grease and impurities from a surface when used along with water.
This mechanism occurs as Decyl Glucoside can lower the surface tension between the two liquids.

3. Used as an Element/Ingredient in Personal Care Products
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., categorized in the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
Decyl Glucoside helps in hydrating the skin and helps in preventing the drying of the skin.
Incorporating Decyl Glucoside in skincare products increases the skin's ability to tolerate the cosmetic formulations.

4. Safe to be used on sensitive skin
As derived from all-natural sources, Decyl Glucoside is non-toxic and very skin-friendly. Its gentle action on the skin makes it an ideal ingredient to be used on sensitive skin.

Decyl Glucoside does not result in any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is also safe to be used on baby skin for its mild properties and the absence of harmful ethylene oxide.
Decyl Glucoside is used in pet products too.

5. Used as an element/ingredient for hair care products
Its bubbling and foaming property also makes Decyl Glucoside a primary component in shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside is non-drying and is gentle on any texture of hair.
Decyl Glucoside's non-ionic quality helps in maintaining the natural pH of the hair.
Decyl Glucoside is also used in hair mousse to retain moisture in the hair and keeps them frizz-free.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is an Alkyl Polyglucoside, which means it is a non-ionic surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside hydrates and protects the skin from drying out. Surfactant, often known as a surface-active agent, is a detergent-like chemical.
When added to a liquid, Decyl Glucoside lowers the surface tension, making it easier to spread and moisten.

Surfactants break down these interactions as they absorb.
Because the intermolecular interactions between Decyl Glucoside and the water molecule are substantially lower than those between two water molecules, surface tension is reduced.

Micelles occur when the concentration of surfactant is high.
The critical micelle concentration is the point at which micelles begin to form.
The primary function of surfactants is to reduce surface and interfacial tension while also stabilising the interface.



SAFETY PROFILE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Comparable to the other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, decyl glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including decyl glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are non-irritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate, sensitive skin.
It’s considered mild, low toxicity, and eco-friendly, making Decyl Glucoside a great option to minimize the environmental footprint.



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is one of the mildest and gentlest surfactants available for use on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is free of harmful ingredients, non-allergic, and non-irritating, making it ideal for usage in a variety of beauty and personal care products.

Let’s look at some of the advantages of Decyl Glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside is a surfactant that improves a product’s capacity to moisten surfaces and build a long-lasting, stable lather, making it ideal for shampoos, conditioners, mousses, and hair colourants.

This plant-derived ingredient, Decyl Glucoside, is soft and mild on all types of hair.
Your scalp will not be irritated.
Decyl Glucoside is often utilised in anti-dandruff shampoos since it is easily absorbed into the skin and hydrates your scalp.

Decyl Glucoside also aids in the retention of your scalp’s moisture balance and the maintenance of a good pH balance, reducing dry, itchy scalp and promoting scalp health.
Decyl Glucoside's anti-inflammatory properties assist to soothe inflamed and dry scalps, reducing the risk of dandruff.
Decyl Glucoside’s good for shampoos, conditioners, and mousses because of its strong foaming capacity and moisture-retaining ability.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
Decyl Glucoside is a moderate surfactant that does not irritate the skin.
As a result, Decyl Glucoside is widely used in skincare and hair care products, as well as baby products, cleaning products, and personal care products.
Decyl Glucoside is commonly employed in practically all goods that we use in our daily lives due to its thickening and foaming properties.
Decyl Glucoside aids in the solubilization of oils, active compounds, and extracts in a formulation, resulting in a crystal clear result.



WORK WELL WITH OTHER INGREDIENTS, DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Most people consider thick surfactants to be nothing more than cleaners, but they actually do a lot more than that.
Decyl Glucoside can be used with a variety of different surfactants. Natural polymers like xanthan gum and carrageenan gum are routinely employed to generate a thicker mixture.
When coupled with cocamidopropyl betaine or soy, Decyl Glucoside gives a smoother consistency.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO?
Decyl glucoside helps properly disperse the ingredients, and ensure easy rinsing and removal of residue.
Decyl glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
Decyl Glucoside is split and the resultant fatty acids separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form the fatty alcohol.



WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Other cleansing agents include soaps and surfactants, both naturally derived and synthetic, that could be used in place of decyl glucoside.
We do not use animal-based soaps or synthetic surfactants as cleansing agents, but we do use vegetable-based soaps and other naturally derived surfactants in some of our products.



DID YOU KNOW DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Every chemical component used in consumer products is assigned a unique number known as CAS ( Chemical Abstract Service) Number for easy identification.
Certified organic Decyl Glucoside is represented by the number: 54549-25-6.
You can look for this number when shopping for personal care products to see if those contain Decyl Glucoside.



HOW IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE OBTAINED?
Decyl Glucoside boasts a 100% natural, plant-derived composition that is made of fatty alcohol and glucose.
The fatty alcohol, also known as decyl alcohol or decanol, is generated by hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid extracted from coconuts or palm kernel oils.



HOW CAN DECYL GLUCOSIDE BE BENEFICIAL?
Decyl Glucoside has been found to have numerous beneficial qualities and is used for various purposes.
Its neutral property makes Decyl Glucoside compatible with other cleaning chemical agents.



ABSORPTION RATE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Fast


STRENGHT OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is a simple-to-find "natural" surfactant that produces a wonderful lather.


WEAKNESSES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside has a high pH and isn't a particularly good solubilized.


SUBSTITUTION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Caprylyl/Capryl


HOW TO STORE DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Stored Decyl Glucoside in a cool, dark and dry place.


SHELF LIFE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside has a two-year shelf life.


TYPE OF INGREDIENT OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Cleanser


MAIN BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Cleanses the scalp and hair, keeps Decyl Glucoside moisturised, and decreases the risk of skin irritation.


WHO SHOULD USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is suitable for all hair types and textures, but it is especially beneficial to people with curly or dry hair who are looking for a gentle cleanser.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Its fine to apply every day, but Decyl Glucoside shouldn't be left on for more than a few minutes at a time, like other surfactants, to avoid irritation.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE WORKS WELL WITH:
Decyl Glucoside's compatible with a wide range of different surfactants.
To make a thicker mixture, Decyl Glucoside's frequently used with natural polymers like xanthan gum and carrageenan gum.
Decyl Glucoside produces a smoother consistency when combined with cocamidopropyl betaine or soy.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE DOES NOT WORK WITH:
When coupled with methylene bis-benzotriazolyl (MBBT), it has been found to induce irritation.
Decyl Glucoside should not be used by people who have a known allergy to alkyl glucosides or coconut.


HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Added to your formulation's water phase.


WHY DO WE INCLUDE DECYL GLUCOSIDE IN FORMULATIONS?
Decyl glucoside can be used as a primary or secondary surfactant to help with foaming and cleaning in a finished product.


HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl Glucoside produces a wonderful, rich, deep lather in our recipes.
Decyl Glucoside can be used in the water phase of your formulations and can be processed hot or cold.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE TOXIC?
Comparable to the other Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactants, decyl glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including decyl glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are nonirritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate skin on fruits, such as berries and cherry tomatoes, which is why it is used in Fruit & Veggie Sprays also.



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE MADE FROM?
Decyl Glucoside is a plant-derived substance made from fats, alcohol, and sugars found in palm kernel oils, corn sugars, and coconut.
In chemical terms, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside, made from the reaction of glucose from the cornstarch with a fatty alcohol, also called capric alcohol or decyl alcohol, found in palm oils and coconuts.
The oil splits to yield the resultant fatty acids, which are separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form fatty alcohol.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl glucoside is a naturally derived, biodegradable surfactant with vast uses and benefits because of its natural properties.
Decyl glucoside lathers easily, making it a suitable ingredient for soaps, shampoos, cleansers, etc.
Decyl glucoside is a mild agent and non-toxic, making it safe for skincare and personal care products like facial cleansers, liquid body washes, etc.

Its properties as a surfactant allow decyl glucoside to remove oils and dirt from formulations by eliminating the surface tension between two liquids.
Decyl glucoside is derived from natural sources and is biodegradable, making it skin-friendly and eco-friendly.
Its mild, non-toxic, and gentle nature ensures decyl glucoside does not cause any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl glucoside finds its uses as a base-surfactant or co-surfactant in baby products, body washes, shampoos, cleansing lotions, and soaps.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SAFE FOR SKIN?
Obtained and processed from 100% natural raw materials, decyl glucoside is biodegradable, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, and non-allergic towards any organs or reproductive health.
Decyl Glucoside is safe for all types of skin - dry, normal, as well as sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild agent that also helps retain the moisture and natural health of the skin.
Remember to rinse Decyl Glucoside off after use.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE CONTAINS NO IMPURITIES:
Decyl Glucoside's chemical composition is safe for baby and pet products as well. Decyl Glucoside's properties find vital use in anti-dandruff treatments, eczema skin creams, and lotions catering to various other skin conditions.
Certified organic decyl glucoside is a common phrase you can find in most skin care and baby care products.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE A SULFATE?
Often, shampoo and soap manufacturers use "sulfate-free" as an adjective to describe their products' properties.
While the term "SLS-free" might have some truth in it, due to the exclusion of the harmful component - sodium lauryl sulfate, decyl glucoside is not sulfate-free.

Decyl glucoside is made from sodium coco-sulfate, a derivative of the fatty acids found in coconuts, and sodium coco-sulfate is made from a blend of the fatty acids in coconut oil.
Decyl Glucoside is a safer alternative to sodium lauryl sulfate, or SLS, due to its natural origin.
Decyl Glucoside's less irritating to the skin and does not carry any carcinogenic properties.



WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Compared to many other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, decyl glucoside is 100% safe due to its non-toxic and biodegradable nature.
Decyl Glucoside comes from a 100% natural vegetable origin.

Decyl Glucoside is gentle and delicate, so much so that it can be used in sprays for fruits and vegetables.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review expert panel, or the CIR, deemed decyl glucoside as completely safe for use, amongst its assessment of nineteen other alkyl glucosides.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
Appearance: Viscous clear to pale yellow liquid
Solubility: Water
Usage rate: Up to 25%
Charge: Non-ionic
Active surfactant matter: 51 - 55%

pH range: 11 - 12.5
Vegan: Yes
Palm oil: No
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
INCI: Decyl Glucoside
Appearance: Semi-viscous yellowish liquid
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 11–12
Aroma: Characteristically detergent



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



DECYL GLUCOSIDE
Decyl Glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.
Decyl Glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.


CAS Number: 54549-25-6
EC Number: 259-218-1
Chem/IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6



Decyl glucoside, 68515-73-1, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, 54549-25-6, 141464-42-8, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, MFCD23103077, decyl glucopyranoside, EINECS 259-218-1, C16H32O6, n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside, SCHEMBL43196, DTXSID30893008,
JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N, AKOS016004985, DS-3841, A867031, W-111093, W-203522, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, Decyl β-D-glucopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, C16H32O6, D-Glucoside, Decyl Alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, APG0810, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeri, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, Decyl octyl d-glucose, Decyl glucoside extract, Vegetable decyl glucoside, B-D-Glucopyranoside, DECYL-D-glucoside, DECYL, DECYL D-glucoside, DECYL Polyglucoside, DECYL- B-D-Glucopyranoside, DECYL-B -D-Glucopyranoside, GLUCOSIDE, Decyl,



Decyl Glucoside is a biodegradable, nonionic surfactant derived from sugar that comes from coconut and/or RSPO palm.
Decyl Glucoside has great foaming capacity and is mild and gentle on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is even mild enough to be used in baby care products.


Decyl Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant with good foaming properties and mild to the eyes and skin.
Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).


Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant because it does not dry the skin out.
Decyl Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant widely used in natural products.
Not very aggressive, Decyl Glucoside is made from sugar and coconut.


Decyl Glucoside is suitable for the most sensitive skin like baby's.
Decyl Glucoside is authorized in organic.
Decyl Glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.


Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild surfactant made from renewable raw materials such as coconut oil and glucose from corn starch.


Decyl Glucoside is known for its ability to effectively clean the skin and hair while being gentle and non-irritating.
Decyl Glucoside is also biodegradable and eco-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, plant-derived surfactant that is commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products.


Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant, ideal for foaming and cleansing products.
Decyl Glucoside, obtained from renewable raw materials, is a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (C8-C16) and glucose.
Obtained and processed from 100% natural raw materials, Decyl Glucoside is biodegradable, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, and non-allergic towards any organs or reproductive health.


Decyl Glucoside is safe for all types of skin - dry, normal, as well as sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is compatible with all surfactants, as far as we know.
Decyl Glucoside is tolerant of high electrolyte formulations aloe


Decyl Glucoside is compatible with cationic conditioning agents
Decyl Glucoside is mild but effective cleansing
Decyl Glucoside improves skin tolerance of the formulation


Decyl Glucoside maintains skin balance without dryness
Decyl Glucoside is environmentally friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is a non Ionic surfactant obtained from vegetable origin -palm & coconut.


Decyl Glucoside is used good foaming power.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).


This foaming surfactant, Decyl Glucoside, is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.
Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl Glucoside is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!


Decyl Glucoside is a favorite non-toxic surfactant in the natural cleaning business because it works great, is biodegradable, and is very gentle on skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, natural, vegan, plant-derived, biodegradable, non-toxic, and sustainable surfactant suitable for the most delicate skin.
As a plant-based surfactant, Decyl Glucoside’s naturally biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly.


Decyl Glucoside is 100% natural and Non GMO
Decyl Glucoside comes from 100% renewable, biodegradable, vegan resources.
Decyl Glucoside is Ecocert and COSMOS approved for certified organic formulations.


Decyl Glucoside does not bioaccumulate.
Decyl Glucoside leaves no residue as do saponified natural soaps
Decyl Glucoside is mild, gentle, and non-drying, making it ideal for even the most delicate skin.


Decyl Glucoside’s non-irritating, non-allergenic, non-carcinogenic, and non-toxic.
EWG (the Environmental Working Group) rates it a “2”, meaning it is of “low concern” in terms of any safety issues.
Decyl Glucoside works great as a fruit and veggie wash (one of the many uses for our All Purpose).


Regarding its safety profile, a group of Alkyl Glucosides, including Decyl Glucoside, were assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel in 2013.
They reviewed their safety for dermal exposure in cosmetics and concluded they are “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


EWG notes studies showing allergic contact dermatitis to decyl and lauryl glucoside exists in a small percentage of the population, and appropriate care should be taken for those with sensitivities.
Decyl Glucoside is also listed by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) as being readily biodegradable, with low potential for bioaccumulation or aquatic toxicity.


Decyl Glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.
Decyl Glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.


Decyl Glucoside is synthesized following a reaction between glucose obtained from corn starch and the fatty alcohol decanol extracted from coconuts.
Due to its absolute organic composition, Decyl Glucoside has become one of the most used ingredients in personal care products such as cleansers, body washes, and shampoos.


Its 'non-ionic' property signifies that Decyl Glucoside has a neutral charge and can lower water's surface and produce foam.
Decyl Glucoside has been seen to be skin-friendly.
Its mildness makes Decyl Glucoside suitable to be used even on sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside contains no impurities.
Decyl Glucoside's chemical composition is safe for baby and pet products as well.
Decyl Glucoside's properties find vital use in anti-dandruff treatments, eczema skin creams, and lotions catering to various other skin conditions.


Certified organic Decyl Glucoside is a common phrase you can find in most skin care and baby care products.
Decyl Glucoside is anti-carcinogenic.
Decyl Glucoside does not hamper the functioning of reproductive or developmental health.


Decyl Glucoside is anti-allergy and non-toxic.
Decyl Glucoside is wise to do a little research on the ingredients of the skincare or other personal care products that you use regularly or are thinking of, including your daily regime.


Decyl Glucoside gives you a fair idea of what beneficial effects you should expect and warn you about any anticipated risks.
Other cleansing agents include soaps and surfactants, both naturally derived and synthetic, that could be used in place of Decyl Glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for rich dense foaming cleansing formulas such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.


Hair care formulations of Decyl Glucoside will require a PH adjustment.
Decyl Glucoside is ECOCERT certified, preservative-free and obtained from renewable plant origin, and does not contain any impurities.
Decyl Glucoside is easily biodegradable.


Decyl Glucoside can also be used as a solubilizer when adding essential oils to a product.
Environmentally friendly, and compatible with all surfactants, whatever their nature or pH range, making Decyl Glucoside easy to use in all your cleansing formulations.


Decyl Glucoside is also tolerant of high electrolyte formulations (aloe).
Decyl Glucoside improves skin tolerance of the formulation, maintains skin balance without dryness, and is easy to thicken with natural polymers.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild cleanser used in cosmetic formularies including in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for most hair types.
Decyl Glucoside helps properly disperse the ingredients, and ensure easy rinsing and removal of residue.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild and gentle non-ionic surfactant, derived from plant-based fatty alcohols and glucose from sugar or starch.


Decyl Glucoside is a fatty polyglycoside prepared by reacting cornstarch glucose with Natural fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic sugar surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside is a cloudy, viscous, aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol glycoside.


Decyl Glucoside is a glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.
Alcohols are a large class of important cosmetic ingredients but only ethanol needs to be denatured to prevent it from being redirected from cosmetic applications to alcoholic beverages or mixtures of alcohols (that vary by carbon chain length) with a cyclic form of the sugar, glucose or glucose polymers.


For example Decyl Glucoside is formed by reacting a 10 carbon chain alcohol, decyl alcohol, with a cyclic form of glucose.
Other alkyl glucoside ingredients that may be used in cosmetics include Arachidyl Glucoside, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Cetearyl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Ethyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl Glucoside and the other alkyl glucoside ingredients may be used in baby products, bath products, cleansing products, skin care products, eye makeup and hair care products including hair dyes and colors.
Decyl Glucoside is a polyglucoside derived from plants, making it a natural, mild and gentle surfactant that does not dry the skin.


Decyl Glucoside is an ideal product for the formulation of toiletry, personal hygiene, baby and pet products.
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle non-ionic surfactant made from a reaction between the fatty alcohols from plant-derived raw materials, in this case coconut oil and the natural sugar from corn starch.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.
Decyl Glucoside is a sugar surfactant on the basis of coconut oil and glucose.


Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside is made through the condensation of long-chain fatty alcohols and glucose extracted from corn or coconuts; the plant glucose is reacted with a fatty alcohol to create an alkyl glucoside surfactant.


Since Decyl Glucoside’s a biodegradable plant derivative, it is considered a natural ingredient.
Decyl Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


Therefore Decyl Glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
As a raw material, Decyl Glucoside is described as a water-soluble, clear to slightly hazy yellow or amber viscous liquid.
In 2013, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel deemed Decyl Glucoside “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


Decyl Glucoside is a very popular ingredient these days because it comes from corn and coconuts, so it's natural, and it's also biodegradable.
You'll commonly find Decyl Glucoside used as a detergent/cleanser and sometimes it's labeled ambiguously as "non-ionic surfactant" which means that it has a neutral (no) charge, and it lowers the surface tension of water.


Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.


Decyl Glucoside is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.


Decyl Glucoside is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.
Decyl Glucoside is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.
Decyl Glucoside is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.


Decyl Glucoside’s a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.
This reaction creates a highly biodegradable solution that is tolerant to electrolytes.
Decyl Glucoside comes from renewable, biodegradable, and plant-derived raw materials.


As such, Decyl Glucoside’s ideal for cleansing products where mildness and environmental concerns are important.
Decyl Glucoside’s often found in baby shampoo, sensitive skin formulations, and green or natural health products.
Decyl Glucoside is not harmful and has a lower skin irritation level compared to other surfactants.


Decyl Glucoside is often an attractive choice for shampoos and other personal care cleaning applications because it has desirable foaming properties.
Consumers often see foam as an essential part of the cleaning process, and Decyl Glucoside produces voluminous foam that has an excellent stability in personal care applications.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.
Decyl Glucoside was invented by Robert Prairie in 1934.


Decyl Glucoside is a fatty polyglycoside prepared by reacting cornstarch glucose with Natural fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is considered to be one of the best of the New generation of surfactants .
In the EU where there are heavy restrictions in place regarding cleanser ingredients, the demand for the alkyl polyglucosides increased dramatically.


Many companies with a natural focus to their formulations are now turning to Decyl Glucoside as their primary, and in some cases only, surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside is so mild that it typically does not require blending with any of the mildness additives although they can be used.
Decyl Glucoside is EcoCert approved for certified organic formulations.


Decyl Glucoside is a Sulfate free surfactant.
Due to its mildness and great foaming properties, Decyl Glucoside is recommended as a primary or co-surfactant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is used body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, cleansing creams, hand soaps, baby products, hair conditioners, cream rinses.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as the only surfactant or as a co-surfactant in cleansing formulas.


Many also include Decyl Glucoside in foaming products as a thickening agent.
Salt can be added to counteract Decyl Glucoside's thickening properties if a thinner product is desired.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.


Decyl Glucoside has first-rate environmental and skin compatibility profiles, creating perfect synergy of mildness, foam performance and effective cleansing.
Due to its invaluable mildness, Decyl Glucoside is a perfect fit also for sensitive skin and baby cleansing concepts.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild and effective alternative to PEG/sulfate-containing formulations, and can be recommended for natural concepts according to Cosmos and NaTrue.
Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.


Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside is used most of the time as a co-surfactant with Coco Betaine (amphoteric surfactant) and Coco Glucoside (nonionic surfactant).
Decyl Glucoside is used avegetable origin (coconut or palm kernel oil and glucose) cleansing agent with great foaming abilities.


Decyl Glucoside's also mild to the skin and readily biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside is nonionic and ideal for all DIY cleansing products where you need to generate a foam.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside can be used for DIY bath bubbles, shower gels and shaving products.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant, with excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility, that is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.


Decyl Glucoside is used in various personal care and cleaning products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and household cleaners.
Decyl Glucoside's a mild surfactant and because it does not dry it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry cosmetics.
Decyl Glucoside is often used in baby products.


Decyl Glucoside generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl Glucoside produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.
Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.


Decyl Glucoside is used easy to thicken with natural polymers.
Decyl Glucoside has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.


Decyl Glucoside is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucoside is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.


Decyl Glucoside has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl Glucoside helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.
Surfactants lower the surface tension of products they’re added to, helping them remove dirt and oils more effectively while stabilizing oil and water mixtures.


As a surfactant Decyl Glucoside also improves a product's ability to wet surfaces and form foam that’s stable and long-lasting.
Decyl Glucoside is used in our wrinkle releaser as a wetting agent.
Decyl Glucoside, used as a co-surfactant, can reduce the total active requirements of other foaming ingredients, without altering their performance; cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening, are all maintained while improving on the mild, and gentle, nature of the final formulation.


Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl Glucoside's an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl Glucoside exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.
Decyl Glucoside’s surfactant properties make it an effective and popular ingredient in hair care and cleaning products too.


Hair Products: Since Decyl Glucoside is an effective natural foaming agent, stabilizer, and moisturizer, it’s often used in place of SLSs/SLESs in natural shampoos and conditioners.
Decyl Glucoside’s very safe for all skin types (even babies), is used extensively in the clean beauty, personal care, and natural cleaning and laundry business, and is good for the planet.


Decyl Glucoside is from soaps and cleansers to dish and laundry detergents, bubbles are a big part of what keeps our homes, ourselves, and our families clean and healthy.
If the products you’re using are ll, non-toxic, eco-friendly, biodegradable, and gentle, it’s likely Decyl Glucoside.


A plant-based surfactant, Decyl Glucoside is widely used throughout the personal care and cleaning industry.
Non-ionic surfactant uses of Decyl Glucoside: At Branch Basics, we use decyl glucoside in our Concentrate and Dishwasher Tablets as a wetting, cleansing, and foaming agent and a stabilizer.


Decyl Glucoside belongs to the alkyl glucosides family of surfactants and is commonly used as a non-toxic and eco-friendly alternative to conventional sulfates (like sodium laurel sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate).
Decyl Glucoside’s safe enough for babies and pets! (verified to not be a skin or eye irritant by independent third party testing.


Decyl Glucoside can be combined with other non-toxic surfactants to enhance cleaning power.
Decyl Glucoside does not harm the environment or waterways - produces NO surfactant by-products such as ethylene oxide or 1,4 dioxane (we’ll cover this more coming up).


Decyl Glucoside helps create a non-toxic and highly effective end product with serious cleaning and foaming power.
A mild and non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic fomularies, Decyl Glucoside is used by many personal care companies to produce cleansers, baby shampoos, and all kinds of cleansing products.


Decyl Glucoside is gentle, has good foaming capacity, and is plant derived and biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside is a plant-based surfactant that usually appears as a clear liquid with a mild sweet fatty aroma, and is found in many cleaning products, soaps and cleansers.


Decyl Glucoside is derived from glucose (from corn or potato) and decyl alcohol (from coconut or palm).
Decyl Glucoside's what's known as a ‘non-ionic surfactant’, which means the molecules have no charge and help deliver non-streak cleaning.
Decyl Glucoside also contributes to lather, wetting and suspension of soils in products like shampoo, body wash, bubble bath, wool wash and facial cleansers.


Decyl Glucoside is a surfactant used as an additive or a co-surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).
Decyl Glucoside is widely used in many “natural” products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.
Contains 1% sorbitan sesquioleate as emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, which is derived from coconut or Palm Kernel and glucose (corn starch).
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the


Decyl Glucoside is used formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.
Decyl Glucoside was first used in soaps and body cleansers because of its great foaming power, mildness, and its ability to lather easily and thicken while retaining skin moisture even when used repeatedly; prevent skin dryness.


Decyl Glucoside also improves skin tolerance of a cosmetic formulation.
Decyl Glucoside is classified as a surfactant and this is why it is used in many products that are primarily used for personal hygiene and toiletries.
Decyl Glucoside also helps to moisturize the skin to prevent inflammation and itchiness.


Decyl Glucoside has many other qualities making it compatible with other cleaning chemicals and agents.
Decyl Glucoside generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl Glucoside produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.


Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.
The foam generated is fine and stable.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.


Decyl Glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl Betaine.
Recommend usage levels of 10% - 20% (Face Products) and 15% - 30% (Body & Hair Products).
Decyl Glucoside can be useful for the health of your scalp too.


Due to its foam-forming capacity, many shampoos contain Decyl Glucoside as a surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside clears off dandruff from the scalp and helps maintain the hair and scalp's natural pH balance.
By washing away the dried scalp skin cells, Decyl Glucoside opens up the pores and facilitates sebum drainage.


Not only does Decyl Glucoside bring a shine to your hair, but its mild nature also keeps your hair soft and frizz-free.
Decyl Glucoside has also been used as an inactive ingredient alongside an active ingredient for antimicrobial activity.
Some antibacterial liquid hand washes, as well as hand soaps, contain Decyl Glucoside as a surfactant.


Decyl Glucoside is one of several Non-ionic surfactant found within Alkyl Polyglucosides family.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming properties and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside is suitable as a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing agents.


Decyl Glucoside is also used in baby care and cleansing, liquid soaps, shampoos, facial cleansers, body wipes and shower/bath products.
Decyl Glucoside is a surfactant used as an additive or a co surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).


Decyl Glucoside is widely used in many products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of Decyl Glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside is 100% plant-derived, biodegradable and completely ecologically safe.


Decyl Glucoside is one of the best of the New generation of surfactants.
Polyglucose-derived surfactants like the Decyl Glucoside exhibit mildness traits of nonionic, with the foam of an anionic.
Decyl Glucoside is this unique characteristic that enables it to be utilized as both the primary & co-surfactant in formulations.


Decyl Glucoside produces lots of big lather making it very suitable for producing products like bubble bath wash.
When used in formulations, Decyl Glucoside creates a good and stable foam for a non-ionic surfactant and can be used on its own or combined with other surfactants such as Cocamidopropyl Betaine, as this will enhance the smoothness of the foam.


Decyl Glucoside’s fully compatible with anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and other non-ionic surfactants.
As Decyl Glucoside doesn’t dry out the skin, it’s ideal for use in products for sensitive skin, such as baby products and facial cleansers.
This pure, plant surfactant is well tolerated and due to its biodegradability, Decyl Glucoside is harmless to the environment.


Decyl Glucoside can be used in shampoos and body washes and has thickening and foaming properties in cosmetic products.
Decyl Glucoside leaves the skin feeling supple.
Additionally, Decyl Glucoside lowers the potential of irritations of other surfactants, which in turn, increases the tolerance of the cosmetic product.


Decyl Glucoside may also be used in cleansing agents for irritating skin types.
Many natural personal care companies use this Decyl Glucoside because it is plant-derived, biodegradable and gentle for most skin and hair types.
Decyl Glucoside is a surfactant (a cleansing and foaming agent) of plant origin.


Insoluble in oil, Decyl Glucoside should be added to the oily phase of your homemade shower gels or shampoos.
The stable fine foam created by this natural non-ionic surfactant, Decyl Glucoside, is well suited to bubble baths and shower gels.
A wide range of compatibility allows Decyl Glucoside to be combined with other surfactants without reducing the foam stability or volume.


In fact, when used as a co-surfactant Decyl Glucoside can reduce the total amount of foaming ingredients required with no change to the overall performance, gentleness, cleaning effectiveness or volume of foam in the product.
Decyl Glucoside is best used in the oil phase of a recipe.


Decyl Glucoside is primarily used for its surfactant (cleansing) properties.
While most common in facial and body cleansers, you can also find Decyl Glucoside in products such as self-tanners, sunscreens, and liquid foundations where it may function as an emulsion stabiliser.


Decyl Glucoside is obtained from the condensation of glucose + the fatty alcohol decanol, which comes from coconuts.
Its mildness makes Decyl Glucoside popular for use in baby shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside is known for producing desirable foaming properties.


Decyl Glucoside was first used in soaps and body cleansers because of its great foaming power, mildness, and its ability to lather easily and thicken while retaining skin moisture even when used repeatedly; prevent skin dryness.
Decyl Glucoside also improves skin tolerance of a cosmetic formulation.


Decyl Glucoside is classified as a surfactant and this is why it is used in many products that are primarily used for personal hygiene and toiletries.
Decyl Glucoside also helps to moisturize the skin to prevent inflammation and itchiness.
Decyl Glucoside has many other qualities making it compatible with other cleaning chemicals and agents.


Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Polyglucoses/ sugar derived surfactants like the Decyl Glucoside exhibit mildness traits of nonionics, with the foam of an anionic.
Decyl Glucoside is this unique characteristic that enables it to be utilized as both the primary & co-surfactant in formulations.


-Shampoo and Conditioner:
Decyl Glucoside is used as a primary surfactant in shampoos and conditioners.
Decyl Glucoside helps to cleanse the hair and scalp without stripping them of natural oils.


-Face and Body Washes:
Decyl Glucoside is also used as a primary surfactant in face and body washes.
Decyl Glucoside creates a gentle lather that helps to cleanse the skin without causing irritation.
Baby Products: Because of its mild and gentle nature, Decyl Glucoside is often used in baby products such as shampoos, body washes, and diaper creams.


-Toothpaste:
Decyl Glucoside is used as a foaming agent in natural toothpaste formulations.
Decyl Glucoside helps to create a mild lather that cleans teeth and freshens breath.


-Cleaning Products:
Decyl Glucoside is used as a surfactant in natural cleaning products such as dish soap, laundry detergent, and all-purpose cleaners.
Decyl Glucoside helps to remove dirt and grime without leaving a residue.


-Skin Cleansers & Hand Soap uses of Decyl Glucoside:
Decyl Glucoside is used extensively in soaps, hand soaps, body washes, shampoos, etc., as a foaming agent, cleanser, and stabilizer.
As we mentioned earlier, you may see Decyl Glucoside paired with coco glucoside, which enhances its foaming power.
You can experience Decyl Glucoside on your hands and face, as a makeup remover, for babies, or even to clean pets with our Foaming Wash.


-Baby Products uses of Decyl Glucoside:
Baby products must contain ingredients that are considered very gentle on delicate skin.
Unfortunately, the baby care industry is still awash with petroleum-based cleansers, baby oils, powder, diaper creams, balms, etc.

Many of which also contain petroleum-based surfactants.
Yes, they may be considered “non-irritating” but they’re definitely not non-toxic or all-natural (even if they contain some natural ingredients).

Instead, look for non-toxic surfactants in baby shampoos, soaps, etc., like Decyl Glucoside and coco glucoside.
And note - that even though considered safe, we do recommend rotating products with glucosides used on a baby’s skin with natural saponified soaps to avoid sensitization to any ingredient.


-Decyl Glucoside is used as a surfactant/cleansing agent, it works by lowering the surface tension of the products it’s added to.
This results in the following:
*More effective removal of dirt and oils
*More stable and long-lasting foam
*Enhanced wetting power
*And stabilization of oil and water mixtures
*All plant-derived surfactants have their benefits and limitations, which is why they’re often combined with other surfactants.

Decyl Glucoside, for example, is an excellent foaming agent, but it's foam doesn’t last very long.
That’s why we combine Decyl Glucoside with a comparable non-toxic, natural, non-irritating, non-dioxin-producing, etc., co-surfactant, coco glycoside (from coconuts) in our Concentrate, which has better long-lasting foaming properties.



WHY IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE USED?
In cosmetics and personal care products, Decyl Glucoside
A glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.
Lauryl Glucoside, Arachidyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Coco-Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – cleansing agents.
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside and Cetearyl Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – emulsifying agents, while Ethyl Glucoside is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent – humectant
Ingredients that slow the loss of moisture from a product during use.



SKIN CARE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucoside is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams



HAIR CARE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucoside is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.
Decyl Glucoside does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucoside has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft



DECYL GLUCOSIDE AT A GLANCE:
*Primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
*Known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers
*Can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
*Deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel



SYNTHESIS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is produced by the reaction of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol decanol, which is derived from coconut.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl Glucoside is a naturally derived, biodegradable surfactant with vast uses and benefits because of its natural properties.
Decyl Glucoside lathers easily, making it a suitable ingredient for soaps, shampoos, cleansers, etc.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild agent and non-toxic, making it safe for skincare and personal care products like facial cleansers, liquid body washes, etc.

Its properties as a surfactant allow Decyl Glucoside to remove oils and dirt from formulations by eliminating the surface tension between two liquids.
Decyl Glucoside is derived from natural sources and is biodegradable, making it skin-friendly and eco-friendly.
Its mild, non-toxic, and gentle nature ensures Decyl Glucoside does not cause any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside finds its uses as a base-surfactant or co-surfactant in baby products, body washes, shampoos, cleansing lotions, and soaps.



ALTERNATIVES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*COCOGLUCOSIDE,
*SUCROSE COCOATE,
*LAURYL GLUCOSIDE,
*CAPRYLYL CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE



OTHER PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE INCLUDE:
1. Mild:
Decyl Glucoside is a mild cleanser and is gentle on the skin and hair.
2. Conditioning:
Decyl Glucoside can provide conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.
3. Non-toxic:
Decyl Glucoside is a non-toxic and non-irritating surfactant.
4. Environmentally friendly:
Being biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside is environmentally friendly and does not harm aquatic life.
5. Compatible with other ingredients:
Decyl Glucoside is compatible with other common skincare ingredients such as moisturizers, vitamins, and botanical extracts.
6. Stable:
Decyl Glucoside is stable in a wide range of pH values and temperatures, making it useful in a variety of products.



SAFETY PROFILE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Comparable to the other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including Decyl Glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are non-irritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate, sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside’s considered mild, low toxicity, and eco-friendly, making it a great option to minimize the environmental footprint.



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl glucoside is a gentle, non-ionic surfactant with excellent foaming and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside is made from renewable raw materials such as corn and coconut and is biodegradable.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsion stabilising
*Foaming
*Surfactant



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



FUNCTIONS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Cleansing :
Decyl Glucoside helps to keep a clean surface
*Emulsion stabilising :
Decyl Glucoside promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion
*Surfactant :
Decyl Glucoside reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used.



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly
*Specificities
*Ecocert
*Preservative-free
*Quasi Drug



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Approved by ECOCERT
*RSPO certified
*Mild and gentle on the skin
*Sulfate free
*Nonionic



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is very mild co-surfactant compatible with anionic, nonionic & cationic surfactants (also useful as primary surfactant)



HOW IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE MADE?
Decyl Glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
The oil, Decyl Glucoside, is split and the resultant fatty acids separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form the fatty alcohol.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, DID YOU KNOW?
Every chemical component used in consumer products is assigned a unique number known as CAS ( Chemical Abstract Service) Number for easy identification.
Certified organic Decyl Glucoside is represented by the number: 54549-25-6.
You can look for this number when shopping for personal care products to see if those contain Decyl Glucoside.



HOW IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE OBTAINED?
Decyl Glucoside boasts a 100% natural, plant-derived composition that is made of fatty alcohol and glucose.
The fatty alcohol, also known as decyl alcohol or decanol, is generated by hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid extracted from coconuts or palm kernel oils.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE IS SUITABLE FOR ALL SKIN TYPES:
Decyl Glucoside is gentle enough to use on all skin types.
Decyl Glucoside's popular in formulas.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, NATURALLY FOAMING:
Decyl Glucoside is a foaming surfactant and can aid in creating foaming product formulations, such as bubble bath soap, hand soap, shampoos, facial cleansers, and more!



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, GENTLE CLEANSER:
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle, non-ionic surfactant that can be formulated with other ingredients to thicken liquid cleansers and make from all natural, plant-based ingredients.
Decyl Glucoside cleanses well without drying.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, BIODEGRADABLE:
Made from plant-derived ingredients, Decyl Glucoside is biodegradable, meaning that it will not pollute the environment!
Decyl Glucoside is able to naturally break down without causing harm to the ecosystem.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, STABLE:
Decyl Glucoside is water soluble, has a naturally high pH due to its cleansing abilities, but will remain stable in low pH formulations.
Decyl Glucoside is free of fragrance, essential oils, sulfates, or parabens.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE IS EASILY THICKENED WITH:
*non-ionic surfactants
*natural polymers
*xanthan gum 10 to 0.3% (1300)
*carageenan gum 10 to 1.0% (1100)
*carboxy methyl cellulose 10 to 0.8% (1300)
*synthetic polymers
*carbomer 940 10 to 0.5% (3600)



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SAFE ON SKIN?
Yes!
Decyl Glucoside is one of the safest, gentlest, and most non-irritating surfactants for all skin types.
As previously mentioned, Decyl Glucoside is non-allergenic, non-drying, non-irritating, and EWG-rated “2”.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides as used in cosmetics.
They concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be non-irritating.



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE MADE FROM?
Decyl Glucoside is a plant-derived substance made from fats, alcohol, and sugars found in palm kernel oils, corn sugars, and coconut.
In chemical terms, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside, made from the reaction of glucose from the cornstarch with a fatty alcohol, also called capric alcohol or decyl alcohol, found in palm oils and coconuts.
The oil splits to yield the resultant fatty acids, which are separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form fatty alcohol.



WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Compared to many other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, Decyl Glucoside is 100% safe due to its non-toxic and biodegradable nature.
Decyl Glucoside comes from a 100% natural vegetable origin.
Decyl Glucoside is gentle and delicate, so much so that it can be used in sprays for fruits and vegetables.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review expert panel, or the CIR, deemed Decyl Glucoside as completely safe for use, amongst its assessment of nineteen other alkyl glucosides.
However, in rare cases, when the individual is hypersensitive towards Decyl Glucoside, there could be irritation, redness, itching, or burning on the skin.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SAFE FOR SKIN?
Obtained and processed from 100% natural raw materials, Decyl Glucoside is biodegradable, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, and non-allergic towards any organs or reproductive health.
Decyl Glucoside is safe for all types of skin - dry, normal, as well as sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild agent that also helps retain the moisture and natural health of the skin.
Remember to rinse Decyl Glucoside off after use.



WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Is Decyl Glucoside A Sulfate?
Often, shampoo and soap manufacturers use "sulfate-free" as an adjective to describe their products' properties.
While the term "SLS-free" might have some truth in it, due to the exclusion of the harmful component - sodium lauryl sulfate, Decyl Glucoside is not sulfate-free.

Decyl Glucoside is made from sodium coco-sulfate, a derivative of the fatty acids found in coconuts, and sodium coco-sulfate is made from a blend of the fatty acids in coconut oil.
Decyl Glucoside is a safer alternative to sodium lauryl sulfate, or SLS, due to its natural origin.
Decyl Glucoside's less irritating to the skin and does not carry any carcinogenic properties.



HOW CAN DECYL GLUCOSIDE BE BENEFICIAL?
Decyl Glucoside has been found to have numerous beneficial qualities and is used for various purposes.
Its neutral property makes Decyl Glucoside compatible with other cleaning chemical agents.
Let's find out what are the benefits of Decyl Glucoside:


1. Decyl Glucoside is used in toiletries and personal hygiene:
Decyl Glucoside is a natural surfactant that lathers quite easily.
This makes Decyl Glucoside one of the primary ingredients used as base-surfactant and co-surfactant in soaps, body and face washes, and cleansers.
The non-toxic, 100% biodegradable, and mild surfactant activity of Decyl Glucoside makes it an ideal washing solution for fruits and vegetables.


2. Decyl Glucoside helps in removing oil and dirt:
Being a surfactant, Decyl Glucoside effectively removes grease and impurities from a surface when used along with water.
This mechanism occurs as Decyl Glucoside can lower the surface tension between the two liquids.


3. Decyl Glucoside is used as an Element/Ingredient in Personal Care Products:
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., categorized in the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
Decyl Glucoside helps in hydrating the skin and helps in preventing the drying of the skin.
Incorporating Decyl Glucoside in skincare products increases the skin's ability to tolerate the cosmetic formulations.


4. Safe to be used on sensitive skin:
As derived from all-natural sources, Decyl Glucoside is non-toxic and very skin-friendly.
Its gentle action on the skin makes Decyl Glucoside an ideal ingredient to be used on sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside does not result in any rashes or irritation on the skin.

Decyl Glucoside is also safe to be used on baby skin for its mild properties and the absence of harmful ethylene oxide.
Decyl Glucoside is used in pet products too.
Decyl Glucoside is used as an element/ingredient for hair care products

Its bubbling and foaming property also makes Decyl Glucoside a primary component in shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside is non-drying and is gentle on any texture of hair. Its non-ionic quality helps in maintaining the natural pH of the hair.
Decyl Glucoside is also used in hair mousse to retain moisture in the hair and keeps them frizz-free.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE GOOD FOR YOUR SKIN?
Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% natural sources and is safe for all skin types.
Whether you have dry skin, normal or sensitive skin, you can enjoy the benefits of Decyl Glucoside.

Being non-toxic and biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside does not cause any severe harm to the skin.
Decyl Glucoside's mild soapy activity gently cleans all the dirt and impurities from the skin layer.
If you have oily skin and despise the unwanted shine on your face, Decyl Glucoside can help you in effectively washing the grease off your face.

Surfactants are known for their ability to wet a surface.
Decyl Glucoside, being a mild surfactant, can help in hydration of the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is also incorporated in certain anti-aging products because of its ability to wet the dermal layers and reduce wrinkles and fine lines.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE TOXIC?
Comparable to the other Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactants, Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of alkyl polyglucosides including Decyl Glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are nonirritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate skin on fruits, such as berries and cherry tomatoes, which is why it is used in Fruit & Veggie Sprays also.



WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl Glucoside is almost 100% safe on the skin compared to other Alkyl polyglucoside.
As stated above, Decyl Glucoside is non-toxic and completely biodegradable because of its 100% natural plant origin.

The experts of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel, also known as the CIR, have accredited Decyl Glucoside is a completely safe ingredient to be used when assessed along with nineteen other alkyl glucosides.
Decyl Glucoside also doesn't have any adverse effects on the body organs or reproductive health.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
Appearance: Viscous clear to pale yellow liquid
Solubility: Water
Usage rate: Up to 25%
Charge: Non-ionic
Active surfactant matter: 51 - 55%
pH range: 11 - 12.5
Vegan: Yes
Palm oil: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
*Storage class:



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

DECYL GLUCOSIDE
Decyl Glucoside comes from corn and coconuts
Decyl Glucoside's natural
Decyl Glucoside's also bidegradable.


CAS NUMBER: 54549-25-6

EC NUMBER: 500-220-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C16H32O6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 320.42 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol



Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because it is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.

Decyl Glucoside is produced by the reaction of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol decanol, which is derived from coconut.
Decyl Glucoside is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.

Decyl Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.

Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore it is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.

Decyl Glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).

Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.

Decyl Glucoside is a naturally derived
Decyl Glucoside is non-ionic surfactant or surface-active agent
Decyl Glucoside commonly found in personal care products like shampoos, body washes, cleansers, liquid hand soaps, etc.

What Is Decyl Glucoside Made From?
Decyl Glucoside is a plant-derived substance made from fats, alcohol, and sugars found in palm kernel oils, corn sugars, and coconut.
In chemical terms, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside, made from the reaction of glucose from the cornstarch with a fatty alcohol

Decyl Glucoside is also called capric alcohol or decyl alcohol
Decyl Glucoside found in palm oils and coconuts.

What Are The Benefits Of Decyl Glucoside?
Decyl Glucoside is a naturally derived, biodegradable surfactant with vast uses and benefits because of its natural properties.

Decyl Glucoside lathers easily, making it a suitable ingredient for soaps, shampoos, cleansers, etc.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild agent and non-toxic, making it safe for skincare and personal care products like facial cleansers, liquid body washes, etc.

Decyl Glucoside's properties as a surfactant allow decyl glucoside to remove oils and dirt from formulations by eliminating the surface tension between two liquids.
Decyl Glucoside is derived from natural sources and is biodegradable, making it skin-friendly and eco-friendly.

Decyl Glucoside's mild, non-toxic, and gentle nature ensures decyl glucoside does not cause any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside finds its uses as a base-surfactant or co-surfactant in baby products, body washes, shampoos, cleansing lotions, and soaps.

Decyl Glucoside is made from sodium coco-sulfate
Decyl Glucoside is a derivative of the fatty acids found in coconuts, and sodium coco-sulfate is made from a blend of the fatty acids in coconut oil.

Decyl Glucoside is a safer alternative to sodium lauryl sulfate, or SLS, due to its natural origin.
Decyl Glucoside's less irritating to the skin and does not carry any carcinogenic properties

Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.

Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.

Decyl Glucoside has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.

Decyl Glucoside is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucoside is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.

Decyl Glucoside helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.
Decyl Glucoside has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl Glucoside helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.

Skin care: Decyl Glucoside acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucoside is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams

Hair care: Decyl Glucoside is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucoside is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.

Decyl Glucoside is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.
Decyl Glucoside does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucoside has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft

Decyl Glucoside is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol

-XLogP3-AA: 2.4

-Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų

-Physical Description: Clear brown viscous liquid with a mild odor

-Color: Clear brown

-Form: Vicous Liquid

-Odour: Mild odor

-Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3

-Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0 °C

-Vapour Pressure: 0.0±2.7 mmHg

-Enthalpy of Vaporization: 85.3±6.0 kJ/mol

-Flash Point: 242.0±28.7 °C

-Index of Refraction: 1.512

-Molar Refractivity: 83.6±0.4 cm3


Decyl Glucoside is a plant-based surfactant
Decyl Glucoside usually appears as a clear liquid with a mild sweet fatty aroma

Decyl Glucoside is found in many cleaning products, soaps and cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside is used in personal care and cleaning products


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

-Rotatable Bond Count: 11

-Heavy Atom Count: 22

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 275

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Biological Agents -> Polysaccharides


Decyl Glucoside is derived from glucose (from corn or potato) and decyl alcohol (from coconut or palm).
Decyl Glucoside's what's known as a non-ionic surfactant, which means the molecules have no charge and help deliver non-streak cleaning.
Decyl Glucoside also contributes to lather, wetting and suspension of soils in products like shampoo, body wash, bubble bath, wool wash and facial cleansers.

Decyl Glucoside is a mild and natural
Decyl Glucoside is vegan and plant-derived

Decyl Glucoside is also biodegradable
Decyl Glucoside is non-toxic

Decyl Glucoside is sustainable surfactant suitable for the most delicate skin.
Decyl Glucoside belongs to the alkyl glucosides family of surfactants

Decyl Glucoside is commonly used as a non-toxic and eco-friendly alternative to conventional sulfates (like sodium laurel sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate).
Decyl Glucoside is used in most cleaning products, personal care products, soaps, laundry detergents, and hair care.

Decyl Glucoside is used extensively in:
-Natural cleaning products
-Laundry products
-Skincare products (cleansers, creams, make-up remover, etc.)
-Shampoos
-Conditioners
-Soaps
-Body Washes
-Baby care products
-As a plant-based surfactant, it's naturally biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly.


ADVANTAGES:
Decyl Glucoside is 100% natural
Decyl Glucoside comes from 100% renewable, biodegradable, vegan resources.
Decyl Glucoside does not bioaccumulate.
Decyl Glucoside leaves no residue as do saponified natural soaps
Decyl Glucoside is mild, gentle, and non-drying, making it ideal for even the most delicate skin.
Decyl Glucoside's non-irritating, non-allergenic, non-carcinogenic, and non-toxic.
Decyl Glucoside works great as a fruit and veggie wash
Decyl Glucoside's safe enough for babies and pets
Decyl Glucoside can be combined with other non-toxic surfactants to enhance cleaning power.
Decyl Glucoside does not harm the environment or waterways
Decyl glucoside helps create a non-toxic and highly effective end product with serious cleaning and foaming power.


Decyl glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.
Decyl glucoside is a clear golden liquid, viscous

Decyl glucoside is odorless,
Decyl glucoside is soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5

Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, it's an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl glucoside exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.

Decyl Glucoside Properties:
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly

Decyl glucoside is primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
Decyl glucoside also known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers

Decyl glucoside can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
Decyl glucoside helps properly disperse the ingredients, and ensure easy rinsing and removal of residue.

Decyl Glucoside is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.
Decyl glucoside's a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.


SYNONYMS:

68515-73-1
Decyl glucoside
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
Decyl D-glucopyranoside
Decyl D-glucoside
54549-25-6
141464-42-8
decyl-d-glucoside
D-Glucopyranoside, decyl
1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside
Glucoside, decyl
decyl glucopyranoside
EINECS 259-218-1
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
C16H32O6
41444-55-7
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
Capryl glycoside
MFCD23103077
Caprylyl glycoside
AC1MHWFS
C16-H32-O6
D-Glucoside, decyl
Decyl D- glucoside
n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside
Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-
UNII-E00JL9G9K0
SCHEMBL43196
Caprylyl/capryl oligoglucoside
DTXSID30893008
AKOS016004985
DS-3841
AK102442
EC 500-220-1
500-220-1
A867031
W-111093
W-203522
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL
197236-02-5
6801-91-8
Decyl D-glucopyranoside
Decyl glucoside
D-Glucopyranoside, decyl
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Capryl glycoside
Capryl/Caprylyl Glycoside
Caprylyl glycoside
decyl D-glucoside
D-Glucopyranose,oligomeric, C8-16-alkyl glycosides
D-Glucose decyl octyl ether
D-Glucose decyl octyl ether, oligomeric
DS-3841
Glucoside, decyl
n-Decyl-?-D-Glucoside
n-Decyl-D-glucopyranoside
DECYL GLUCOSIDE
DECYL GLUCOSIDE. N° CAS : 54549-25-6; 58846-77-8; 141464-42-8; 68515-73-1 - Décyl glucoside, Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique. Autres langues : Decylglucosid, Glucósido de decilo, Nom INCI : DECYL GLUCOSIDE. Nom chimique : D-Glucoside, Decyl. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 259-218-1, Classification : Tensioactif non ionique. Le décyl glucoside est un tensioactif non ionique très utilisé dans les produits naturels. Il s'emploie la plupart du temps en co-tensioactif avec du Coco Betaine (tensioactif amphotère) et du coco Glucoside (tensioactif non ionique). Peu agressif, il est fabriqué à partir de sucre et de coco. Il est adapté aux peaux les plus sensibles comme celles de bébé. Il est autorisé en bio.Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. ALKYL ETHER OF CORN SUGAR Alkyl polyglucoside Alkyl polyglycoside Alkylpolyglucoside C8-10 Alkylpolyglycoside APG APG_C8-10 C8-10 Alkyl Polyglucoside Caprylyl/myristyl glucoside D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, C8-10 glycosides D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides (n=1.5) D-Glucopyranose, oligomers, decyl octyl glycoside D-Glucose decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric D-Glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric D-Glucose, decyl, octyl ethers, oligomeric Decyl Glucoside Decyl-D Glucoside
DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE)
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent dermal compatibility
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


CAS Number: 54549-25-6
EC Number: 259-218-1
MDL Number: MFCD23103077
Chem/IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Chemical formula: C16H32O6



SYNONYMS:
Decyl β-D-glucopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, 68515-73-1, Decyl glucoside, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, 54549-25-6, 141464-42-8, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Capryl glycoside, MFCD23103077, Caprylyl glycoside, decyl glucopyranoside, EINECS 259-218-1, C16H32O6, n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside, D-Glucose decyl octyl ether, SCHEMBL43196, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, APG0814, DTXSID30893008, AKOS016004985, DS-3841, DB-187061, DB-336025, A867031, W-111093, W-203522, APG0810, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar, alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, DECYL OCTYL D-GLUCOSE, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl-octyl glycosides oligomer, Octyldecyl Glucoside, Alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, APG0810, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, Decyl octyl d-glucose, Caprylyl/Decyl Glucoside, Glucopon 215 UP, Unipon 215, D-Glucose Decyl Octyl Ether, Oligomeric Capryl/Caprylyl Glycoside, APG0810,D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides,(C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar,alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside,DECYL OCTYL D-GLUCOSE,D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric,Decyl-octyl glycosides oligomer,Octyldecyl Glucoside, Decyl glucoside, 141464-42-8, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl .alpha.-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl hexopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, SCHEMBL22691938, DTXSID80860442, BCP34657, MCULE-8296703800, NS00002371, n-decyl glucoside, n-decyl D-glucoside, DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE, n-decyl D-glucopyranoside, D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE,DECYL, DECYL D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, Decyl D-glucoside, decyl D-glucopyranoside, decyl D-glucoside, decyl dextro-glucoside, D- glucopyranoside, decyl, decyl D-glucoside D-Glucopyranoside, decyl Einecs 259-218-1, APG10 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, C10 Alkyl glucoside, APG10, Einecs 259-218-1, decyl D-glucoside, C10 Alkyl glucoside, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside,



Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a surfactant (a cleansing and foaming agent) of plant origin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) functions as a mild and gentle cleanser, emulsifier, and foaming agent.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types .
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies .


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types .
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant widely utilized in personal care and household products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is derived from renewable plant sources and possesses excellent biodegradability and low toxicity.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) functions as a mild and gentle cleanser, emulsifier, and foaming agent.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) effectively removes dirt and oils without causing skin irritation, making it suitable for sensitive skin formulations.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) combines excellent foaming and hydrotroping properties of Caprylyl/capryl glucoside and superior emulsifying and thickening properties of Lauryl Glucoside.
This versatile ingredient, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and natural cleaning products, providing effective cleansing while maintaining a gentle and environmentally-friendly profile.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic products, including baby shampoo and for people with sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is plant-derived, biodegradable and gentle on all hair types.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a material that is easy to thicken and has excellent lathering properties.
Free of ethoxylates, sulphates and preservatives.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) improves the foam quality and adds softness and clarity to formulas.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is compatible with many other surfactants, thickeners and even cationic conditioning polymers.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is gentle on skin and hair.
As an APG product, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is mild and readily biodegradable.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a versatile, plant-based surfactant that is produced from coconuts and cornstarch.
The carbon chain length used to make Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is 60% C8-C10 and 40% C12-C14.
By reacting decyl alcohol with cyclic glucose, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is drawn out of sugars and fatty acids by a process known as esterification.


With a viscosity level of 1000-2500 (mPa•s, 20℃), Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) produces the fastest, wealthiest foam, but the foam also disappears quickly as compared to other Glucosides.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is cold processable and suitable for transparent formulations.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also named decylbeta- d-glucopyranoside, belongs to the alkyl glucosides family and is obtained by condensation of the fatty alcohol decyl alcohol and a d-glucose polymer.
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant with good foaming properties and mild to the eyes and skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild, and gentle, surfactant because it does not dry the skin out.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s low viscosity also enhances the fluidity of your formulation.
To speak in terms of chemistry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a type of the alkyl glucoside that forms after a reaction of the Decyl alcohol or Capric alcohol and glucose.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a biodegradable plant derivative that is completely natural.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is made from natural resources by blending the fatty alcohol found in coconut with the glucose found in starch and sugar.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant that is found in most skincare and hair care products.


Surfactants are ingredients that attract dirt and oil so that you can rinse them off of your skin or hair.
Soaps and shampoos are all surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a natural, non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (coconut c8-16) and glucose.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), with the chemical formula C16H32O6 and CAS registry number 68515-73-1, is a compound commonly used in the production of personal care and household cleaning products.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a thick, slightly yellowish, turbid liquid.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is moderate and delicate, making it suitable for persons with sensitive skin.
Have you ever wondered why your bath, baby, cleaning, and hair care products lather so much?


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s due to surfactants.
Surfactants are essential in the beauty business.
Many skincare and haircare products contain it.


Surfactants are chemical substances that aid in the reduction of surface tension between liquids and solids, liquids and gases, and between two liquids.
The name surfactant comes from the phrase “surface-active-agent.”
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an alkylglycoside non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), also known as capryl/caprylyl glucoside, is derived from combination of coconut fatty alcohols and corn starch glucose.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant, with excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility, that is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an alkyl glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a, natural, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.
Like Coco Glucoside, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is , obtained from renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (coconut c8-16) and glucose (sugar / starch).


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is comparable to the other Alky Polyglucoside Surfactants (Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside (c8-10), Coco Glucoside (c8-16), and Lauryl Glucoside (c12-16)) all being the combination of the glucoside and select fatty alcohols.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.


Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.
The foam generated is fine and stable.
In contrast, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s touch is not comparable with that of a foam obtained using anionic surfactants.


Furthermore, because of its wide range of compatibility, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be combined with all types of surfactants without reducing foam volume or stability.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) does not contain any impurities.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s chemical nature and the production process results in a surfactant without ethylene oxide or 1,4-dioxane and is suitable for baby, and pet, products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic liquid surfactant synthesised from fatty acids and glucose obtained from Sugars from Fruits and Vegetables.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a material derived from nature that can be found in a variety of cosmetics.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s made from coconuts and is considered safe to use on the skin with a low risk profile.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is easily biodegradable, environmentally friendly and compatible with all surfactants, whatever their nature or pH range, making it easy to use in all your cleansing formulations.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a gentle non-ionic surfactant made from coconut oil and sugar.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is amber viscous liquid.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant, made from natural raw materials.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is very mild and readily biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a glucose alkyl ether that contains 60% active matter and is ECOCERT Certified, preservative free and free of impurities.


In addition to being an excellent, gentle cleansing surfactant in your skin care products, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also a highly effective solubilizing agent for essential oils and fragrances as well as cationic surfactants.
Due to this dual purpose, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an excellent choice for the formulation of foaming aromatherapy products.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) combines well with other glucosides to make a complete foaming shower gel / shampoo.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) gives a nice balance of flash foam and denser foam.
To increase foam density add coco and Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)s.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant belonging to the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
The natural raw materials, plant starch and fatty alcohols, ensure that Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is perfectly biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a colorless and transparent liquid.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be easily dissolved with water.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a biodegradable nonionic surfactant derived from Cocos nucifera (coconut) and/or RSPO Palm and is an aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol polyglucoside.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.


Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) was invented by Robert Prairie in 1934.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent dermal compatibility
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is vegetable Origin and Palm Free


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a surfactant used as an additive or a co-surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is widely used in many “natural” products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) contains 1% sorbitan sesquioleate as emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is primarily used for its surfactant (cleansing) properties.
While most common in facial and body cleansers, you can also find Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in products such as self-tanners, sunscreens, and liquid foundations where it may function as an emulsion stabiliser.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from the condensation of glucose + the fatty alcohol decanol, which comes from coconuts.
Its mildness makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) popular for use in baby shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is known for producing desirable foaming properties.


As a raw material, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is described as a water-soluble, clear to slightly hazy yellow or amber viscous liquid.
In 2013, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel deemed Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


Their report looked at rinse-off products containing up to 33% and only up to 2% for leave-on formulas.
Alkyl glucoside ingredients are formed by reacting an alcohol or mixtures of alcohols (that vary by carbon chain length) with a cyclic form of the sugar, glucose or glucose polymers.


For example Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is formed by reacting a 10 carbon chain alcohol, decyl alcohol, with a cyclic form of glucose.
Other alkyl glucoside ingredients that may be used in cosmetics include Arachidyl Glucoside, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Cetearyl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Ethyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is not harmful and has a lower skin irritation level compared to other surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is synthesized following a reaction between glucose obtained from corn starch and the fatty alcohol decanol extracted from coconuts.


Due to its absolute organic composition, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has become one of the most used ingredients in personal care products such as cleansers, body washes, and shampoos.
Its 'non-ionic' property signifies that Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has a neutral charge and can lower water's surface and produce foam.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has been seen to be skin-friendly.
Its mildness makes it suitable to be used even on sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also known as caprylyl glucoside is a natural-origin, vegetable-based surfactant obtained from corn and natural oils.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a clear to light-yellow, viscous liquid.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a glucose alkyl ether that contains 60% active matter and is ECOCERT certified, preservative free and free from impurities.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).
This foaming surfactant, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.
Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!


Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a new type of nonionic surfactant alkyl glycoside (APG).
Starch-based surfactants have become one of the major research topics of scholars at home and abroad since the 1980s, and alkyl glycosides are the most active research field and development focus.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is widely used in the following areas, personal care products and household detergents: such as shampoo, body-cleanser, cream rinses, hand sanitizer and dishwashing, etc
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be widely used in personal care products, and formulations which require thickening effects, because its unique performance in cleaning, emulsifying and thickening.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is commonly used in foaming and cleansing products, often by natural personal care companies due to being plant derived and biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) was used in Cosmetic Raw Materials, Detergent Raw Materials, Hair Care Chemicals.


Cosmetic Uses of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside): cleansing agents, emulsion stabilisers, and surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in products for individuals with sensitive skin and in baby shampoos .
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) complies with ECOCERT and COSMOS standards.


A water-miscible non-ionic surfactant used in a wide range of applications including hard surface and high performance cleaners, cosmetics, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent wetting and excellent grease removal properties, dissolves quickly, has no gel range and rinses well.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is commonly used as a water-soluble emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in various cosmetic formulations due to their gentleness and safety on sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) produces an excellent and stable foam.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used as a co-surfactant, can reduce the total active requirements of other foaming ingredients, without altering their performance; cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening, are all maintained while improving on the mild, and gentle, nature of the final formulation.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s known as a “surfactant” in cosmetics and is commonly used in soaps and cleansers due to its natural foaming reaction when it comes into contact with water.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s a considerably safer alternative to sulphates, which are responsible for the foamy properties of shampoos, soaps, and other cleaning products.


Sulfates, on the other hand, can be harsh, removing essential oils from the skin and scalp far too effectively.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a gentle cleanser that's found in many cosmetic formulas, notably those for sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s made from plants, biodegradable, and skin-friendly.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is useful in hair care products where it helps to cleanse the hair without drying it out.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used in combination with other glucosides to improve the foaming and conditioning properties of the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is very effective when used in ionic formulations to increase foam depth and emulsifying properties.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is very useful in bath foams, shower gels and shampoos when you want to increase the foaminess of the product without compromising the natural formulation.
Concentrations ranging from 2% to 20% are used, depending on whether Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used as a primary or secondary surfactant.


For example: 10% to 20% (in face wash), 15% to 30% (shower gel, bath foam, shampoo).
Maximum recommended concentration of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is up to 40%.
In paints and coatings, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used to increase the wetting effect of the surface in order to achieve better adhesion to the surface, while at the same time facilitating the mixing of the fatty phase ingredients with the aqueous phase ingredients.


In Personal Care cleansing products it's used as secondary surfactant and known for Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
For cleaning products, due to it's caustic stability and solubility in highly concentrated salt, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used for caustic, neutral and acidic hard surface cleaners for Homecare and Institutional Cleaning.


In agriculture, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used to spray fields and plants with a variety of products in order to increase the efficiency of uptake through the leaves.
Alkyl polyglucoside is analogous to polyglucosides in plant cell membranes and therefore wets the leaf surface, making Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) easier for the spray to adhere and stay on the leaf, thus increasing contact time and uptake efficiency.


At the same time, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) allows a more even distribution of the active substances, which are often hydrophobic and tend to persist in two different phases.
In the textile industry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used to clean heavily contaminated fabrics from soiling of fatty or protein origin.


In the paper industry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in the formulation of paper to obtain better adhesion, denser structure.
In school experiments, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in surface wetting experiments, 'magic milk' art experiments.
In scientific research, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used to study the permeability of cell membranes, since APG is naturally found in cells of plant origin.


Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside): Body Lotions, Body Washes, Cleaning sprays, Fabric conditioning, Fabric detergents, Facial Masks, Hair Conditioners, Institutional Surface Cleaners, Laundry detergent, Manual dish soap, Mascaras, Shampoos, Shaving Cream, Shower Gels, Skin/Sun Creams, Soaps, Surface cleaner, Vehicle & Boat Cleaning


Like many concentrated surfactants, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) will change from solid to liquid depending on the ambient temperature and conditions. In winter and when Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is stored in cold environments this may become grainy or even set to a white solid.
During summer Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a pourable liquid.


This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also employed in leave-on products such as no-rinsing cleansing milks, lotions, and several sunscreen agents and is contained as a stabilizing surfactant of organic microparticles in sunscreen agent Tinosorb.


Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside): body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, cleansing creams, hand soaps, baby products, hair conditioners, cream rinses.
This non-ionic surfactant, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), is derived from natural sources, specifically glucose and fatty alcohols.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is known for its excellent foaming and cleansing properties, making it a popular ingredient in shampoos, body washes, and dishwashing detergents.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is considered to be a mild and gentle surfactant, suitable for sensitive skin.


These changes don't damage Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) but in order to get the most out of it we recommend heating and mixing to ensure what you decant is a true representation of the whole blend.
Failure to mix may result in the solids falling to the bottom meaning your top 1/3 bottle will be weaker than 50% active and the bottom stronger.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, making it a preferred choice in the formulation of eco-friendly products.
Overall, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a versatile compound that plays a crucial role in the development of effective and sustainable cleaning and personal care solutions.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is widely used in personal care products and formulations which require thickening effects, because of its unique performance in cleaning, emulsifying and thickening.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is generally used in shampoo, bubble bath, cleaning lotion, dished detergent, because of its excellent mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside): Body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, hand soaps, baby products, cream rinses.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic plant derived , biodegradable surfactant that carries the goodness of coconuts and cornstarch from which it is extracted by esterification.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used both as an emollient and as a surfactant by various industries.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and is light and gentle on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used as the sole surfactant or co-surfactant in cleaning formulas.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is therefore suitable for use as a base surfactant or co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) gives the product foaming potential.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.


The usage rate of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of the product and its interaction with other substances.
The usage rate varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) and its interaction with other substances.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) gives the product foaming potential.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.
Insoluble in oil, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) should be added to the oily phase of your homemade shower gels or shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.


This reaction creates a highly biodegradable solution that is tolerant to electrolytes.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) comes from renewable, biodegradable, and plant-derived raw materials.
As such, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s ideal for cleansing products where mildness and environmental concerns are important.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s often found in baby shampoo, sensitive skin formulations, and green or natural health products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a colorless and transparent liquid.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be easily dissolved with water.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is split and the resultant fatty acids separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form the fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has great foaming properties and is considered Mild.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used as the primary surfactant or can be a co-surfactant in cleansing formulas.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is not is comparable with that of a foam obtained using anionic surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is often an attractive choice for shampoos and other personal care cleaning applications because it has desirable foaming properties.


Consumers often see foam as an essential part of the cleaning process, and Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) produces voluminous foam that has an excellent stability in personal care applications.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) and the other alkyl glucoside ingredients may be used in baby products, bath products, cleansing products, skin care products, eye makeup and hair care products including hair dyes and colors.


-Cosmetic Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is primarily recognized in the cosmetic industry.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant, frequently used in rinse-off and leave-on cosmetics, especially for individuals with sensitive skin due to its good tolerance.

Originating from plant sources and being biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is derived from the reaction of glucose from corn starch with fatty alcohol from coconut oil.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s resurgence in recent years is attributed to its eco-friendly character and low irritancy and allergenicity, making it a component in various cosmetic products.


-Industrial and Chemical Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
In the industrial sector, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) shows promising results as a corrosion inhibitor for magnesium–air batteries.
Studies demonstrate Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s effectiveness in reducing the corrosion rate of Mg in battery electrolyte, significantly improving battery performance.
Moreover, the synthesis of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) using zeolite catalysts has been explored, indicating its potential in various industrial applications.


-Biochemical Research of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
In biochemical research, alkyl glucosides like Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) are used as solubilizing agents for membrane proteins.
Their non-denaturing properties and ease of removal by dialysis make them ideal for research in membrane biology.
They have also been studied for their binding interactions with proteins like bovine serum albumin, providing insights into detergent-protein interactions.


-Biotechnological Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
In biotechnology, the transformation of methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside to higher chain alkyl glucosides using Pichia etchellsii cells has been investigated.
This research highlights the potential of using microbial cells for the synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucosides, offering a biotechnological approach for producing these compounds.


-Surface and Colloid Chemistry uses of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also significant in surface and colloid chemistry. Studies on the distribution and aggregation of decyl β-D-glucoside in hydrocarbon and water systems reveal its properties as a surfactant.
Understanding the interactions of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in such systems is crucial for its applications in diverse fields, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.


-Electrochemistry uses of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
In electrochemistry, the influence of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) on the electrodeposition of tin has been explored.
This study provides insights into how Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), as a surface active agent, can modify the kinetics and morphology of tin deposits, indicating its potential in electroplating and surface coating technologies


-Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
- Shampoo
- Bubble bath
- Cleaning lotion
- Shower gel
- Hand and face cleansers


-Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
◇ Shampoo
◇ Bubble bath
◇ Cleaning lotion
◇ shower gel
◇ Hand and face cleansers



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) USED FOR?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.


*Skin care:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams


*Hair care:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) USED FOR?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild cleanser used in cosmetic formulations and can be applied to sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can increase the foaming capacities of skin care and hair care products.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acts as an emulsifier that allows mixing of water and essential oils.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can blend dense oils like carrier oils in your product.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used at a maximum concentration of 40% and is found at 10-20% in face washes and 15-30% in shower gels and shampoos.

In addition to being an excellent, gentle cleansing surfactant in skin care products, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also a highly effective solubilizing agent for essential oils and fragrances as well as cationic surfactants.
Due to this dual purpose, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an excellent choice for the formulation of foaming aromatherapy products.



BENEFITS AND USES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is one of the most sought-after ingredients to be put to use in formulating anti-dandruff shampoos, eczema creams, moisturizers, mild shampoos, etc.
Its influence is ubiquitous primarily because Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) forms a stable foam, is a humectant, and is particularly gentle to be used in any personal care products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has garnered attention in recent times for its use in fruit and vegetable washes due to its mild cleansing action.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also forms the base of most of the makeup removers or micellar waters.



HOW DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) WORKS:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) lowers the surface tension of products it is added to.
This helps them remove dirt and oils more effectively while stabilizing oil and water mixtures.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is soluble in water and insoluble in oils.
For no-rinse products, the recommended concentration of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is 3%-5%
In rinse-off products, the highest concentration suggested for use is 33%.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Add Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) to the surfactant phase.
Keep stirring Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) continuously until it completely dissolves.
Add Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acids of choice to neutralize pH.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) AT A GLANCE:
*Primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
*Known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers
*Can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
*Deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly



FUNCTIONS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Surfactant
*Cleansing agent
*Sensory Modifier
*Emulsion stabilizer
*Detergent



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a great addition to products that require rich and dense foams, such as:
●Shampoos
●Conditioners
●Shower gels
●Bath oils
●Dermatological liquid soaps
●Hair colors
●Hair straightening products

Apart from its excellent foaming abilities, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps skin and hair retain moisture and keeps them healthy.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also works very well with Cocamidopropyl betaine, which is an amphoteric surfactant with antistatic properties for hair care formulations.

According to the Cosmetics Ingredient Review, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is safe for use in almost all topical applications or products, specifically in soaps, bubble baths, body washes, and detergents.
Regardless of what kind of product you want to try, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has a good safety profile for all skin types and is 100% biodegradable - the perfect congenial ingredient to add to your creations if you are concerned about health, wellness, and the environment.



ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSTITUTIONS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
We tend to prefer Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside in any recipe that calls for Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), though the lather of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is richer + thicker, so it might blend Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) to get some of the solubilizing powers of Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and the lather of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside).



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant that provides superior detergency, emulsifying, penetrating and surface tension reduction properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) shows good compatibility with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.



STORAGE AND STANBILITY OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) may be stored for 24 months from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container and at room temperature.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) should be protected from light, heat, oxygen and moisture.
Keep container tightly closed. Once opened, use contents quickly.



WHY IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) USED?
In cosmetics and personal care products, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), Lauryl Glucoside, Arachidyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Coco-Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – cleansing agents.
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside and Cetearyl Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – emulsifying agents, while Ethyl Glucoside is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent – humectant.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Arachidyl proprionate (or glucoside) is NOT derived from peanuts (Arachis hypogaea).
Therefore, use of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in cosmetic products does not represent an allergy concern for children (or adults) with peanut allergies.

Alkyl glucosides consist of alkyl groups bound to glucose in the D-glycopyranoside form.
The glucose portion of the compound may consist of mono-, di-, tri-, oligo- or polysaccharides.

For example, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) with a degree of polymerization of 1.6 is a mixture of decyl monosaccharide (glucopyranoside) and decyl disaccharide (also called maltopyranoside).
These ingredients are generally sold as aqueous solutions containing 50-65% of the ingredient.



FEATURES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*50% Active
*Non-Ionic
*Essential Oil-in-water solubiliser
*Foam agent
*Surfactant for skin and hair cleansing
*PEG free



FUNCTION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a, natural, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.



HOW IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) OBTAINED?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) boasts a 100% natural, plant-derived composition that is made of fatty alcohol and glucose.
The fatty alcohol, also known as decyl alcohol or decanol, is generated by hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid extracted from coconuts or palm kernel oils.
Decyl Glycoside surfactant is 100% pure organic, biodegradable, extracted from coconut oil and corns, a non-ionic surfactant that is very gentle on skin and hair.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE), SKIN FRIENDLY:
Products made with Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) surfactant are much milder than products made with other surfactant type.
Truly an excellent choice for gentle facial and body cleansers for sensitive skin, and a great alternative for soap.



EXCELLENT FOAMING OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
More Bubbles - More Happiness!
Just a small Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) natural surfactant amount will wake you up and energize your body in a refreshingly fragrant bath.



MULTIPLE USES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
The Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) natural surfactant for making bath bombs are great for making all kinds of homemade bath products.
Some of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) ones include bath truffles, bubble scoops, cream shampoos and face cleansers.



WHY DO WE USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) IN FORMULATIONS?
Why do we use it in formulations?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be a good primary or secondary surfactant, contributing foaming/cleansing to an end product.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has a really rich, dense lather that is lovely in formulations.



REFINED OR UNREFINED?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) only exists as a refined product.


STRENGHTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a relatively easy to source “natural” surfactant with lovely lather.


WEAKNESSES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has a fairly high pH and isn’t a great solubilizer; I tend to choose Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside over the other glucosides.


HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Include Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in the water phase of your formulations; it can be hot or cold processed.


STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) should last at least two years.



WHY DO WE INCLUDE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) IN FORMULATIONS?
Excellent solubilizer, far superior to many other surfactants.
This means that essential and fragrance oils can be used in products such as hand washes without the use of a solubilizer like Polysorbate 20.



HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE)?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be utilised in cold-processed formulations because it is liquid, but it can also be heated in the hot water phase.
So that you don't make too much lather, avoid aggressive stirring/agitation.



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Natural raw materials, biodegradable
*Numerous certifications COSMOS, RSPO MB, REACH, etc.
*Great foaming performance and very mild
*Good solubility in concentrated alkali solutions
*Green ingredient for personal care cleansers and hard surface cleaning.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Blend Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is ones of the easiest surfactants to work with and mixes simply with water and other surfactants to create lovely Shower

Gel, Shampoos and Face Washes with just simple agitation.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can also be added to cream and cleanser bases to add foaming ability.
Simply add Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) to the cold process ingredients.



HOW CAN DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) BE BENEFICIAL?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has been found to have numerous beneficial qualities and is used for various purposes.
Its neutral property makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) compatible with other cleaning chemical agents.
Let's find out what are the benefits of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):


1. Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in toiletries and personal hygiene.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a natural surfactant that lathers quite easily.
This makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) one of the primary ingredients used as base-surfactant and co-surfactant in soaps, body and face washes, and cleansers.
The non-toxic, 100% biodegradable, and mild surfactant activity of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) makes it an ideal washing solution for fruits and vegetables.


2. Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps in removing oil and dirt
Being a surfactant, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) effectively removes grease and impurities from a surface when used along with water.
This mechanism occurs as Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can lower the surface tension between the two liquids.


3. Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used as an Element/Ingredient in Personal Care Products :
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., categorized in the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps in hydrating the skin and helps in preventing the drying of the skin.
Incorporating Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in skincare products increases the skin's ability to tolerate the cosmetic formulations.


4. Safe to be used on sensitive skin
As derived from all-natural sources, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is non-toxic and very skin-friendly.
Its gentle action on the skin makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) an ideal ingredient to be used on sensitive skin.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) does not result in any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also safe to be used on baby skin for its mild properties and the absence of harmful ethylene oxide.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in pet products too.


5. Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used as an element/ingredient for hair care products
Its bubbling and foaming property also makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) a primary component in shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is non-drying and is gentle on any texture of hair.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s non-ionic quality helps in maintaining the natural pH of the hair.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also used in hair mousse to retain moisture in the hair and keeps them frizz-free.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) GOOD FOR YOUR SKIN?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from 100% natural sources and is safe for all skin types.
Whether you have dry skin, normal or sensitive skin, you can enjoy the benefits of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside).
Being non-toxic and biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) does not cause any severe harm to the skin.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s mild soapy activity gently cleans all the dirt and impurities from the skin layer.
If you have oily skin and despise the unwanted shine on your face, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can help you in effectively washing the grease off your face.

Surfactants are known for their ability to wet a surface.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), being a mild surfactant, can help in hydration of the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also incorporated in certain anti-aging products because of its ability to wet the dermal layers and reduce wrinkles and fine lines.



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid (clearer than most other glucosides), which increases the foaming capacity in skincare and haircare products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also has the excellent benefit of acting as an emulsifier to allow essential oils and water to mix.
Using Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) you can also blend some denser oils, such as carrier oils into your products.



MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Surfactant, often known as a surface-active agent, is a detergent-like chemical.
When added to a liquid, it lowers the surface tension, making it easier to spread and moisten.

Surfactants break down these interactions as they absorb.
Because the intermolecular interactions between the surfactant and the water molecule are substantially lower than those between two water molecules, surface tension is reduced.

Micelles occur when the concentration of surfactant is high.
The critical micelle concentration is the point at which micelles begin to form.
The primary function of surfactants is to reduce surface and interfacial tension while also stabilising the interface.



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
1.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) assists in the manufacturing of foaming products:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a moderate surfactant with qualities that make it ideal for creating frothy effects in cosmetics. Shampoos, soaps, body washes, and facial cleansers are just a few of the products available.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s a natural product that’s both safe and good for your skin. It is non-irritating to the skin and has no negative effects.


2.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) aids the mixing of oil with water:
Surfactant is one of the few substances on the market that are used by manufacturers all over the world to combine water and oil.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also aids in the removal of debris and the clarification of a solution.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) aids in the removal of debris from the face when used in facial cleansers.


3.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s solubilizing properties are exceptional:
Caprylyl Capryl Glucoside is well-known for its high solubility.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) works wonders with surfactant solutions that are very concentrated, especially when salt and alkalies are present.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s a naturally generated substance that can be blended with other solutions to maintain them as natural as possible.


4.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a Safe Polysorbate Substitute:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a safe substitute for polysorbates when it comes to solubilizing essential and aroma oils in other liquid compositions.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a biodegradable component that belongs to the Alkyl polyglucosides surfactant class.


5.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) aids in the creation of Flash Foam and Denser Foam:
Caprylyl Capryl Glucoside is a mild foaming agent that can be used to create both dense and flash foam.
The efficiency of foam can be determined by determining the amount of surfactant to be added to the solution.
Coco and Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)s can be combined to form a thick solution.



FEATURES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used with other glucosides to improve foaming and skin care properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



ALTERNATIVES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*COCOGLUCOSIDE,
*LAURYL GLUCOSIDE,
*SUCROSE COCOATE
*CAPRYLYL CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE



SYNTHESIS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is produced by the reaction of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol decanol, which is derived from coconut.



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Blend Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) TO USE IN:
*Shower Gel
*Shampoo
*Face Wash
*Bath Foam



ORIGIN OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsion stabilising
*Foaming
*Surfactant



SAFETY PROFILE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Comparable to the other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are non-irritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate, sensitive skin.
It’s considered mild, low toxicity, and eco-friendly, making Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) a great option to minimize the environmental footprint.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 5
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: Decyl D-glucoside
CAS#: 54549-25-6
Chemical Formula: C16H32O6
Exact Mass: 320.22
Molecular Weight: 320.430
Elemental Analysis: C, 59.98; H, 10.07; O, 29.96
IUPAC/Chemical Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
InChi Key: JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
SMILES Code: CCCCCCCCCCOC1C@@HO
Appearance: Solid powder
Formula: C16H32O6
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
InChI key: InChIKey=JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
SMILES: OCC1OC(OCCCCCCCCCC)C(O)C(O)C1O

CAS: 54549-25-6 MF: C16H32O6 MW: 320.42 EINECS: 259-218-1
CBNumber: CB8885133
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.42
MDL Number: MFCD23103077
MOL File: 54549-25-6.mol
Boiling point: 476.5±45.0 °C (Predicted)
Density: 1.14±0.1 g/cm3 (Predicted)
pKa: 12.95±0.70 (Predicted)
EPA Substance Registry System: Decyl D-glucopyranoside (54549-25-6)
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Weight: 320.42200
Density: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Melting Point: N/A
MSDS: N/A
Flash Point: N/A

Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.42200
Exact Mass: 320.22000
PSA: 99.38000
LogP: 0.94360
CAT Number: I025829
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.43
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Purity: 98
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Storage: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4°C for short term (days to weeks) or -20°C for long term (months to years).
IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
InChIKey: JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O

Chemical formula: C16H32O6
Molar mass: 320.426 g•mol−1
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Texture: Slippery, detergenty
Scent: Characteristically detergent-y
Active Surfactant Matter: 51%
pH: 11–12
Charge: Non-ionic
Solubility: Water
Boiling Point: >100°C
Melting Point: <0°C
pH: 11.0-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water
Viscosity: 1000-3000 mPa.s

INCI: Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside
Appearance: A viscous, pale yellow liquid.
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 5.5–6
Aroma: Soapy/detergent-like in aroma.
INCI: Decyl Glucoside
Appearance: Semi-viscous yellowish liquid
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 11–12
Aroma: Characteristically detergent



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


DECYL GLUCOSIDE COSMETIC GRADE
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.

CAS: 54549-25-6
MF: C16H32O6
MW: 320.42
EINECS: 259-218-1

Synonyms
decyl D-glucoside;D-Glucopyranoside, decyl;Einecs 259-218-1;APG10;1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside;C10 ;Alkyl glucoside;Decyl glucoside;68515-73-1;(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol;Decyl D-glucopyranoside;Decyl D-glucoside;54549-25-6;141464-42-8;D-Glucopyranoside, decyl;(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol;1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside;Capryl glycoside;MFCD23103077;Caprylyl glycoside;decyl glucopyranoside;EINECS 259-218-1;C16H32O6;n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside;D-Glucose decyl octyl ether;SCHEMBL43196;APG0814;DTXSID30893008;JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N;AKOS016004985;DS-3841;A867031;W-111093;W-203522;(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a mild and gentle non-ionic surfactant, derived from plant-based fatty alcohols and glucose from sugar or starch.
When used in formulations, Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade creates a good and stable foam for a non-ionic surfactant and can be used on its own or combined with other surfactants such as Cocamidopropyl Betaine, as this will enhance the smoothness of the foam.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade’s fully compatible with anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and other non-ionic surfactants.
As Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade doesn’t dry out the skin, it’s ideal for use in products for sensitive skin, such as baby products and facial cleansers.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).
This foaming surfactant is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.
Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!
Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade's an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a sodium salt of decyl D-glucopyranoside that is used as a detergent additive in cleaning compositions.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has shown antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium perfringens.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has also been shown to have chemical stability at high temperatures, making it useful in the manufacture of lacrimal gland preparations and cationic surfactants.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade, also named decylbeta- d-glucopyranoside, belongs to the alkyl glucosides family and is obtained by condensation of the fatty alcohol decyl alcohol and a d-glucose polymer.
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to its foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is also employed in leave-on products such as no-rinsing cleansing milks, lotions, and several sunscreen agents and is contained as a stabilizing surfactant of organic microparticles in sunscreen agent Tinosorb.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is neutral or weakly alkaline.
Normal temperature is light yellow viscous liquid.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has the characteristics of ordinary non-ionic and anionic surfactants, is easily soluble in water, has low surface tension, rich, delicate and stable foam, strong alkali and acid resistance, strong wetting power, and can be compounded with a variety of surfactants.
The synergistic effect is obvious. Biodegradable. HLB value 10-12.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is mostly used in cosmetics, industrial cleaning agents, biochemical industry, plastics, building materials additives, agricultural preparation synergist, textile, printing and dyeing, coatings, oil field development, fire protection and other industries.
PH value (10% aqueous solution: 11.5-12.5; Viscosity (20 ℃ mPa.s): 2000-4000.

Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.

Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Gradeallows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade00000 can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 476.5±45.0 °C(Predicted)
density: 1.14±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
pka: 12.95±0.70(Predicted)
EPA Substance Registry System: Decyl D-glucopyranoside (54549-25-6)

Uses
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well. In hair care preparations, it helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.

Skin care: Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams.

Hair care: Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft.
DECYL ISOSTEARATE
DECYL OLEATE, N° CAS : 3687-46-5, Nom INCI : DECYL OLEATE, Nom chimique : Decyl oleate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 222-981-6. Classification : Huile estérifiée Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
DECYL OLEATE
Decyl oleate; 3687-46-5; Decyl 9-octadecenoate; Oleic acid, decyl ester cas no: 3687-46-5
DECYL PALMITATE
DECYLAMINE OXIDE, N° CAS : 2605-79-0, Nom INCI : DECYLAMINE OXIDE, Nom chimique : N,N-Dimethyldecylamine N-oxide, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 220-020-5. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau.Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
DECYLAMINE OXIDE
Decylamine oxide; N,N-Dimethyldecylamine N-oxide; N,N-Dimethyldecylamine oxide; 1-Decanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide; Capric dimethyl amine oxide; DECYLAMINE-N,N-DIMETHYL-N-OXIDE; N,N-dimethyldecan-1-amine oxide; Decyl dimethyl amine oxide; decyl(dimethyl)amine oxide; CAS NO:2605-79-0
DECYLENE GLYCOL
DIETHYL HYDROXYLAMINE; N,N'-DIETHYL HYDROXYLAMINE; N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE; (C2H5)2NOH; 1-[Ethyl(hydroxy)amino]ethane; Ethanamine,N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-; Hydroxylamine, N,N-diethyl-; Hydroxylamine,N,N-diethyl-; N,N-Diethylhydroxyamine; N,N-Diethylhydroxylamin; N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine; N-Hydroxydiethylamine; Pennstop 1866; N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE*PHOTOGRAPHIC GRADE; N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE, 85 WT. % SOLN IN WATER (DIETHYLAMINE 1% MAX.); N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE, 98% (PENNSTOP,; N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine,97%; n,n-diethylhydroxylamine solution; pennstop CAS NO:3710-84-7
DEGELAN UC 506
DEGELAN UC 506 Acrylic binder. It shows good compatibility with DINP (Di-isononylphthalate) and DIDP (Di-isodecylphthalate). It is environmental friendly through clean incineration. Offers low gelling temperatures, halogen-free formulations, thermal stability, outstanding storage stability and UV resistance. Also offers high performance, excellent sound insulating properties and light weight construction through good foaming behavior. Used for textile coating, screen printing, flooring, structured wallpapers and coil coatings. Also used for plastisols and automotive applications such as multifunctional underbody coating materials (rust prevention, chipping resistance, sound damping). Product Type Acrylics & Acrylic Copolymers Chemical Composition Acrylic polymer Physical Form Powder, Fine DEGALAN - PRODUCTS FOR PATHBREAKING APPLICATIONS DEGALAN COATINGS DEGALAN is used as a binder in a large number of different applications, such as printing inks, concrete paints, marine paints and container coatings, low-odor interior paints, metal coatings, plastics coatings, PVC top coats and exterior paints. DEGALAN HEAT SEALING Our DEGALAN binders for heat sealing applications are ideally suited for formulation of high-quality lacquers to provide an excellent and secure heat sealing in combination with smooth peeling. All products comply with international regulations for incident food contact.Evonik offers a wide range of standard and specialty binders under the DEGALAN trademark. Ever since the early 1930s, Evonik has been developing polymer solutions, dispersions and solid products on an acrylic and methacrylic base for this segment, which have been used in the coatings industry for more than 70 years. DEGALAN products offer convincing benefits in all applications where the main priorities are unsurpassed weather resistance, colorfastness, high brilliance, hardness and scratch resistance. Together with its customers, Evonik develops new products for innovative applications. The result are complete solutions for end users that are ready for serial production. With production sites in Darmstadt, Shanghai and Wesseling, Evonik belongs to one of the largest producers of methacrylate-based coating raw materials in Europe and Asia.Description: Acrylic co-polymer emulsion-based transparent primer. Applications: All kinds of concrete, fine plaster surfaces, such as acrylic-based paint and coating materials of mineral-based primer used in interior and exterior in order to reduce the absorbency of the surface. Physical and Chemical Properties: Appearance: white emulsion Color: Transparent Solid content: 50% Density: 1.05 g/cm3 Viscosity: 2000 - 5000 cp Drying time (25  C): Touch Duration: 15-20 min. Full Cure Time: 2 hours Coverage: 1 liter, depending on the surface. with 25-40 m2 covered space. Application Features: Method of application: can be applied by brush or roller. Application under 7 C Should be avoided. Thinner: Water (5-fold diluted). New overcoating time: 8 hours Fire Hazard Class: None. Harmful to health: None. Storage: The material must be protected from frost and excessive sun. The above data are collected only for PVC Family Products. TheInventory carrying days in certain materials shows very high i.e 1997days , while various items have at least 1 or 2 days inventories.On the basis of internal data collection and personal interviews, variousreasons found behind these un unique inventory carrying days. Thereare various reasons given :1. In Imported materials procurement time ( Lead time ) are differentfrom countries to countries. Arrivals are not certain.2. Minimum Pack size :has to buy minimum Size packing .For Example, Silquest A 1100 ( Item Code APF030) standardminimum packing size is 18 Kgs pail but monthly consumption isonly 1 Kgs per month. Hence purchase of 18 Kgs pail becomecompulsory.3. Minimum Order lot Size : In certain imported Items, importersaccepts only minimum lot size order. For Example - DEGALAN UC 506, (Item Code PRF029), minimum order lot size is 1 pallet i.e7500 Kgs per pallet. While consumption is 121 Kg p.m
DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE)
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a clear to light yellow liquid, free of suspended matter.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is miscible with water and almost all organic solvents.


CAS Number: 3710-84-7
EC Number: 223-055-4
MDL number: MFCD00002126
Linear Formula: (CH3CH2)2NOH
Molecular Formula: C4H11NO



N-Hydroxydiethylamine, DEHA, Diethylhydroxylamine, N-Ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine, 3710-84-7, DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE, Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-, N-Hydroxydiethylamine, N,N-Diethylhydroxyamine, Hydroxylamine, N,N-diethyl-, N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, 314I05EDVH, DTXSID2027543, MFCD00002126, CCRIS 964, diethyl hydroxylamine, EINECS 223-055-4, N,N-Diethyl hydroxylamine, BRN 1731349, UNII-314I05EDVH, AI3-28026, HSDB 6819, hydroxydiethylamine, Pennstop 1866, N,N-Dethylhydroxylamne, n,n-diethyl-hydroxylamine, EC 223-055-4, 4-04-00-03304 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), (C2H5)2NOH, DTXCID107543, CHEMBL3184786, FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-, 1-[Ethyl(hydroxy)amino]ethane #, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine, >=98%, AMY25658, Tox21_200264, AKOS015903887, CS-W013744, N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE [HSDB], NCGC00248584-01, NCGC00257818-01, CAS-3710-84-7, D1178, D1339, FT-0629477,
E83007, EN300-136085, J-523240, Q3334148, InChI=1/C4H11NO/c1-3-5(6)4-2/h6H,3-4H2,1-2H3, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine (ca. 85% in Water, ca. 8.6mol/L), DEHA, DIETHYL HYDROXYLAMINE, Diethylhydroxyamine, N-DiethylhydroxylaMine, pha-Cypermethrin, N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, pennstop, (C2H5)2NOH, Pennstop 1866, Inhibitor DEHA, Diethylhydroxylamine, DEHA, Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-, N,N-Diethylhydroxyamine, N-Hydroxydiethylamine, Hydroxylamine, N,N-diethyl-, (C2H5)2NOH, Pennstop 1866, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine, 1-[Ethyl(hydroxy)amino]ethane, DEHA, Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-, N,N-Diethylhydroxyamine, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine, N-Hydroxydiethylamine, Hydroxylamine, N,N-diethyl-, (C2H5)2NOH, N-DiethylhydroxylaMine, N,N-diethyl-hydroxylamine, Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-, pennstop,anhydrous, Diethylhydroxyamine, N-Hydroxydiethylamine, N,N-Diethylhydroxyla, pennstop, Pennstop 1866, DEHA, DIETHYL HYDROXYLAMINE, ethylhydroxyethylamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylamine,



DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is colorless transparent liquid, Industrial grade is light yellow transparent liquid.
Color will gradually becomes yellow if kept for quite a long time.
If shone by the sunlight directly and open to the air, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) will change its color more rapidly.


Shaken violently, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) will become turbid for a while and several hours later it will become clear again.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the smell of amine, soluble in organo solvents including ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene, etc.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) other names N-Ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, is colorless liquid with ammoniacal odor.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid, available as a 85% and a 98% solution in water.
DEHA is a light yellow transparent liquid.
When facing the air, the color will turn dark and the speed will even high if under strong sunshine.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is soluble in ethyl, chloroform, benzene and other organic solvent.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is stable under ordinary conditions.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has weak basic reaction with phenolphthalein, litmus; Nontoxic, have no effect to the other product.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be reduced into diethylamine when react with ozone.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is available as a yellow liquid with an amine-like odor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) products are manufactured by the reaction of a triethylamine and a peroxide, followed by purification and distillation.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is an organic compound with the formula (C2H5)2NOH.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has an isomer, N,O-diethylhydroxylamine with the formula EtNHOEt.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a colorless liquid, although it is usually encountered as a solution.


Dissolved oxygen in boiler system water causes corrosion and pitting of metal surfaces, which can lead to boiler inefficiency, equipment failure, and system downtime.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) (C2H5)2NOH, is a volatile amine commonly used for oxygen scavenging in a variety of boiler systems.


Hydrazine was once in widespread use as a boiler treatment chemical with oxygen scavenging and surface passivating properties.
When hydrazine was found to be toxic in the early 1970’s, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) became a favored replacement because of its lower toxicity and beneficial chemical properties.


The reaction of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) with tert-butylhydroperoxide has been studied.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) participates in the preparation of symmetrical and an isomeric mixture of unsymmetrical phthalocyanines.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) undergoes degradation on exposure to radiation and affords light hydrocarbons.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also participates in the conversion of quinones and quinonemonosulfonimide to the corresponding hydroquinones and sulfonylaminophenols, respectively.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a colorless and transparent liquid with a boiling point of 125-130 °C and an ammonia odor.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is easily soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform and benzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a chemical compound primarily used as an oxygen scavenger in boiler water treatment and cooling systems.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) helps prevent corrosion by removing dissolved oxygen from the water, thereby protecting metal surfaces.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also finds applications in the production of polymers, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.


As with any chemical substance, safety precautions must be followed when handling DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) should be stored in a tightly sealed container away from heat sources or ignition materials.
Regarding environmental impact, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is biodegradable and does not persist in the environment.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) with the CAS number 3710-84-7 is a kind of fine chemical intermediates.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) could be soluble in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a medium-strength organic reducing agent, which is a substituted hydroxylamine polymerization inhibitor.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a colorless and transparent liquid. It smells of ammonia.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is easily soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform and benzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) appears as a colourless to pale yellow transparent liquid that is water miscible and has a strong smell of ammonia.


It is generally know as DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is most commonly available and used in industry as 85% aqueous solution.
However DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is in also available at a concentrated 98%.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) other names N-Ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, is a colorless liquid with an ammoniacal odor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is mainly used as an oxygen scavenger in water treatment.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has an oxygen buffer, preventing corrosion of steel and other metals.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is effective in eliminating, mitigating or eliminating dissolved oxygen.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can produce a protective oxide film on non-ferrous metals, offering better corrosion protection.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is considered a replacement for hydrazine and is less toxic.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an oxygen scavenger in
boiler systems, a resin remover and bleach for timber, an anti-discolorant for phenolic compounds, and as a hardener for silicone rubber and sealants.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water treatment applications, as an oxygen scavenger for medium and high pressure boilers.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also functions as a free radical scavenger in polymerization, it is a short stopper in the production of styrene butadiene rubber.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a vinyl monomer, used in efficient inhibitor agent of conjugate olefins.
In liquid or gas phase, if end gather seed is existed, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as inhibitors of end gather.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s a excellent end agent in process of Emulsion-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s a antioxidants of the unsaturated oil and resin.
In the environmental protection, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)’s good photochemical smoke inhibitors.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s used as corrosion inhibitors in the equipment of the boiler feed water and steam heat exchange.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s used as antioxidant in photography screens potions.
Pay attention to level, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) must be the photography level,and appearance is colorless liquid.


Industrial level can not be used here.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a water treatment chemical to avoid corrosion in water boilers by binding oxygen (Oxygen scavenger).
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used short stopper of polymerization in production of SBR/NBR and poly butadiene polymer.


Polymerization inhibitor used as anti-popcorn agent in styrene/butadiene monomer production.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) acts as an inhibitor because it scavenges peroxides, oxygen and organic radicals.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a colour stabilizer in polymers and fuel systems.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used reagent for the selective reduction of quinones to quinols under mild conditions.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used preparation of phentyltetrahydrophthalimide herbicides.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used catalyst in the formation of ceramic coatings from a ceramic precursor.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used vulcanizing agent for silicone rubbers free of organometalic catalysts.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used catalysts for hydrolysis of siloxanes in silicone rubber manufacturing.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used anti-foulants and color for distillate fuel oils.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used oxidizing agents for post-leaching kaolinite clays.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used manufacture of room temperature curable sealants.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used inhibitor for vinyl monomer and conjugated olefine.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as high efficiency popcorn polymerizaion inhibitor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used terminator of emulsifying process of butylbenzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used antioxidant for unsaturated oils and resin.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a good stablizer for photosensitive resin, sensitive emulsion and synthetic resin.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used corrosion inhibitor for boiler feed water equipment and vapor heat exchanging equipment.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is mainly used as an oxygen scavenger in water treatment.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the property of oxygen scavenging, prevention of corrosion of steel and other metals.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is effective in removing dissolved oxygen thus slowing or eliminating corrosion.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can produce a protective oxide film on ferrous-based metals, thus offers enhanced corrosion protection.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water systems (the vapor and liquid phase system).
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is considered a hydrazine replacement and is less toxic.
Both DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) and DEHA 85% function primary as radical and oxygen scavengers.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water treatment applications, as an oxygen scavenger for medium and high pressure boilers.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also functions as a free radical scavenger in polymerization, it is a short stopper in the production of styrene butadiene rubber.


Beyond its application as scavenger, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used in refinery chemicals and other niche markets, such as:
Microelectronics industry: for example, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is formulated to remove residual photoresist and other residue from microelectronic parts.


Photographic industry: DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is blended with other chemicals to produce good color development.
The reduction of toxic heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium to their more environmentally-friendly counterparts such as trivalent chromium is done using an aqueous solution containing DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water treatment applications, as an oxygen scavenger for medium and high pressure boilers.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a replacement for hydrazine and its derivatives as an Oxygen scavenger in steam generation systems.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in Boiler Water and Cooling Water


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is mainly used as an oxygen scavenger in water treatment.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a volatile oxygen scavenger and reacts in a ratio of 2.8/1 DEHA/O2.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is employed in high pressure (>70 bar) boiler systems due to a very low rate of reaction at low temperatures and pressures.


Due to its volatility, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) acts as an oxygen scavenger throughout the entire boiler system due to steam carryover.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also reacts with ferrous metals to form a passivized film of magnetite throughout the boiler system.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used polymerisation inhibitor, Color stabilizer (photographic), Corrosion inhibitor, Discoloration inhibitor (phenolics), Antiozonant, and Radical scavenger.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used Electronic chemicals, Photographic chemicals, Polymer processing, Upstream O&G-production, Water treatment industrial, and Product description.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the property of oxygen scavenging and is used in water treatment chemical formulation to prevent corrosion.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an auxiliary in photographic industry to prevent discoloration.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a vapor phase polymerization inhibitor against double bond monomers such as olefin, styrene, butadiene, isoprene and divinylbenzene.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a stabilizer for phenolics, intermediate for pharmaceuticals and water treatment chemicals.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as a raw material of silicon sealant and coating materials.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) acts as a free-radical scavenger.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a strong free-radical scavenger, making it very useful for a number of commercial applications.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a highly effective oxygen scavenger to protect boilers from corrosion.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is more ideally suited to this application than conventional hydrazine due to a much better toxicology profile.


Refinery chemicals and biofuels: DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)’s oxygen scavenging attribute enhances stability.
Biodeisel fuel is particularly benefited.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used De-colorization of phenols.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in polymer processing as a polymerisation inhibitor.
For example, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a short-stopper in styrenic rubber polymerization and vinyl chloride polymerization.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as an antioxidant in a diverse range of industrial applications.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an effective colour stabiliser for photographic films.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used Corrosion Inhibitors, Curing Agent, Epoxy Resins, Polymerization Inhibitors, Polyurethane coatings, Water Treatment & Pool Chemicals, Collectors, Polymers.


Decolourisation uses of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine): Phenol and Phenolic antioxidants can be decolourised with DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
Inhibitors: DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as a colour stabiliser of monoalkyl phenol.
Silicon Rubber: DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as a raw material for the hardener of the Silicon Sealant and coating agent.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water treatment applications, as an oxygen scavenger for medium and high pressure boilers.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also functions as a free radical scavenger in polymerization, it is a short stopper in the production of styrene butadiene rubber.


Beside its application as scavenger, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used in refinery chemicals such as microelectronics industry and photographic industry.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the advantages of easy dissolution, low toxicity, non-corrosion, and polymerization inhibition in both gas and liquid phases.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has been widely used as an inhibitor of popcorn-like butadiene polymer in the degassing operation of styrene-butadiene and nitrile emulsion polymerization, and an efficient polymerization inhibitor for conjugated olefins and vinyl monomers (such as styrene)
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as polymerization inhibitor, terminal polymerization inhibitor, and also used as antioxidant and stabilizer.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a deoxidizer in the water system of a steam boiler, not only for low-temperature deoxygenation, but also for high-temperature steam condensate water circulation systems.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s oxygen removal function is better than hydrazine and carbohydrazide; when there is a catalyst, its oxygen removal function is higher.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as a passivator for the metal on the water side of the equipment.
In addition, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can also be used as a polymerization inhibitor, chain linking agent, for the determination of aldehydes, and as an antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor for metal equipment.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a moderate reducing agent for quinone compounds, which has no effect on halogen, acetoxy and azo groups.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used for the manufacture of: .


Other release to the environment of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as processing aid.
Release to the environment of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
In addition to being a powerful oxygen scavenger, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also promotes the passivation of low carbon steel by converting hematite (red rust) to a black magnetite layer that protects metal surfaces from further corrosion.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) degrades into two neutralizing amines within a boiler system: diethylamine and ethylmethylamine.
These neutralizing amines raise the pH of the condensate and thus reduce the need to treat with additional neutralizing amines.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also helps prevent corrosion and control dissolved oxygen levels in wet lay-up scenarios.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is usually added alongside morpholine during wet storage of a boiler.
Together these chemicals help maintain pH and prevent corrosion during the lay-up.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) for 3710-84-7 has the property of oxygen scavenging and used in water treatment chemical formulation.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an auxiliary in photographic industry to prevent discoloration.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a stabilizer for phenolics.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as water treatment chemicals.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as a raw material of silicon sealant and coating materials.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has many uses.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a free radical scavenger which can be used in polymerization inhibitor, color stabilizer (photographics), oxygen scavenger (water treatment), corrosion inhibitor and discoloration inhibitor (phenolics).


In addition, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is stable and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be obtained by the oxidation reaction of hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution and secondary amine at the presence of CdCl2 or ZnCl2.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as ethylene monomer;
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as high effective restrainer.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is very excellent termination agent in the process of butylbenzene emulsion.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is antioxidant for unsaturated greases and resin.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is good stabilizing agent of photosensitive resin, synthesis resin and others.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in water treatment chemical to avoid corrosion in water boilers by binding oxygen (oxygen scavenger).


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is short stopper of polymerization in production of SBR/NBR and poly butadiene polymer.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the property of oxygen scavenging and used in water treatment chemical formulation to prevent corrosion.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an auxiliary in photographic industry to prevent discoloration.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a vapor phase polymerization inhibitor against double bond monomers such as olefin, styrene, butadiene, isoprene and divinylbenzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a stabilizer for phenolics.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals and water treatment chemicals.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as a raw material of silicon sealant and coating materials.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a vinyl monomer, used in efficient inhibitor agent of conjugate olefins.


In liquid or gas phase, if end gather seed is existed, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as inhibitors of end gather.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s a excellent end agent in process of Emulsion-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s a antioxidants of the unsaturated oil and resin.


In the environmental protection, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is good photochemical smoke inhibitors.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s used as corrosion inhibitors in the equipment of the boiler feed water and steam heat exchange.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s used as antioxidant in photography screens potions.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) may be employed as a ligand in the preparation of unsymmetric mixed ligand oxadiazoline and/or imine platinum complexes.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) may be used in the synthesis of organometallic clusters of mixed hydrazide/hydroxylamide clusters of zinc.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has been suggested as a stabilizer for color forma­tion for monoalkylphenols and phenolic antioxidants.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has also been reported to stabilize emulsions used in the latex industry and for Spandex rubber, as well as a reducing agent for quinones and a monomer stabilizer or inhibitor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in efficient polymerization inhibitor for alkene as vinyl monomer.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as efficient end-polymerization inhibitor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is excellent terminator in emulsion polymerized butadiene styrene rubber procedure.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used a ntioxidant for unsaturated oils and resin.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used favorable stabilizer for photosensitive resin, sensitive emulsion and synthetic resin.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used favorable photochemical smog inhibitor in environmental protection.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used corrosion inhibitor for boiler feed water and steam heat exchanger.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used antioxidant in photography.


-Water Treatment uses of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine):
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in Water Treatment Chemical Formulations for controlling corrosion in boiler very effectively due to its property of oxygen scavenging.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) scoresover conventional hydrazine hydrate since it is far less toxic and meets the standard for disposal of blow offs without any difficulty giving a good protection against corrosion at the same time.


-Polymerization uses of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine):
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s powerful free radical scavenging ability coupled with its moderate volatility and relatively low order of acute toxicity makes it an ideal "popcorn Polymer "/ vapour phase inhibitor for olefins or styrene monomer storage & recovery system.
Because of its capability of inhibiting polymerization in the gas phase, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is finding use as an in-process inhibitor for the production of styrene, divinylbenzene, butadiene, isoprene and other monomers containing a reactive double bond.


-Photographic Chemicals uses of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine):
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has reducing property, so it is used as an auxiliary chemical photographic developer for instant colour photos.
Also, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is effective in stabilization of image and in the prevention of discolouration.



WHY USE DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE) IN BOILER SYSTEMS?
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has many chemical properties that make it an excellent oxygen scavenger for high or even medium pressure boilers.
However, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is not as efficient in low pressure boilers due to the low reaction rate at lower pressure and temperatures.
The volatile nature of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) allows it to be distributed not only by water but also by steam throughout the condensate system.
This enables more complete boiler system protection.



HOW DO I TEST FOR DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE)?
Currently there is no published standardized method or procedure to test for DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) in boiler feedwater or condensate.
However, a modification to a ferrous iron colorimetric test is commonly used to measure low levels of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
In the PDTS method, the sample is treated with an excess of ferric iron which is reduced to ferrous iron by DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
The ferrous iron then reacts with the indicator PDTS [3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis(4-phenylsulfonic acid)-1,2,4,-triazine disodium salt] to form a pink-purple colored complex in direct proportion to the concentration of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
Molecular Formula:C4H11NO
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -26 - -25 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 125 - 130 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 10 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,9 %(V)
Flash point: 45 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 120 °C

pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility at: 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 0,43
Vapor pressure: 133 hPa at 81,5 °C
Density: 0,867 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available

Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 3,08 - (Air = 1.0)
Chemical formula: C4H11NO
Molar mass: 89.138 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Ammoniacal
Density: 867 mg mL−1
Melting point: −26 to −25 °C (−15 to −13 °F; 247 to 248 K)
Boiling point: 127.6 °C; 261.6 °F; 400.7 K
Solubility in water: Miscible
Vapor pressure: 500 Pa (at 0 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 5.67 (est)
Molecular Weight: 89.14 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 89.084063974 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 89.084063974 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 26.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: −26-−25 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 125-130 °C
Density: 0.902 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: 3.07 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 4 mm Hg ( 0 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.420(lit.)
Flash point: 115 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
form: Liquid
pka: 14.19±0.69(Predicted)
color: Clear
Specific Gravity: 0.867
explosive limit:ç 1.9-10%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1731349

Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm
Stability: Stable.
Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 23℃
CAS Data: Base Reference 3710-84-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 314I05EDVH
NIST Chemistry Reference: Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-(3710-84-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diethylhydroxylamine (3710-84-7)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.86700 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: 10.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 133.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.022000 mmHg
Flash Point: 113.00 °F. TCC ( 45.00 °C. )
Soluble in: water, 1.747e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A-(P2)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
hygroscopic



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available




DEHA 85%
N-Ethyl-N-Hydroxy-Ethanamine; Diethylhydroxylamine 85% CAS number: 3710-84-7
DEHYDOL LS 2 DEO-N            
Laureth-3 ;laureth-3; polyethylene glycol (3) lauryl ether; polyethylene glycol (3) lauryl ether; polyethylene glycol (3) monolauryl ether; polyoxyethylene (3) lauryl ether cas no: 3055-94-5
DEHYDOL LS 3
Dehydol LS 3 DEHYDOL LS 3 DEO is a solubilizer and surfactant. Dehydol LS 3 provides shine and builds good viscosity structures in combination with sodium chloride. DEHYDOL LS 3 DEO is used in shampoos and foam bath products. Dehydol LS 3 is classified as : Emulsifying Surfactant Description of Dehydol LS 3: Effective liquid non-ionic emulsifier & surfactant made from polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol (Dehydol LS 3). Amber clear liquid, odorless, may haze when chilled. pH 5.0-6.5 (5% solution). Soluble in oils and alcohols, partly soluble in water. HLB value 8 (gives water-in-oil emulsions). CAS: 3055-94-5/68439-50-9 INCI Name: Laureth-3 Benefits of Dehydol LS 3: Non-ionic emulsifier (enables water & oil to mix), dispersing agent, and solubilizer Solubilizes oils in aqueos systems and create a milky type consistency when surfactants are present Act as a thickener in shampoos and shower gels Compatible with non-ionic, anionic, amphoteric, and cationic surfactants Use of Dehydol LS 3: Can be added to formulas as is either to the water phase or oil phase. Typical use level is 1 - 5%. For external use only. Applications of Dehydol LS 3: All kinds of skin care products, hair care products including body washes, hair shampoos, deodorants, lotions, and creams. Country of Origin of Dehydol LS 3: USA Raw material source of Dehydol LS 3: Coconut oil Manufacture of Dehydol LS 3: Dehydol LS 3 is produced by reacting ethylene oxide with lauryl alcohol which is obtained from coconut oil. The numerical designation 3 refers to the number of repeating ethylene oxide units in the molecule. Animal Testing of Dehydol LS 3: Not animal tested GMO of Dehydol LS 3: Not tested for GMOs Vegan: Does not contain animal derived components Dehydol LS 3 is a surfactant and a thickner. As surfactant it helps to reduce surface tension of substances to be mixed or emulsified. In cosmetics it helps water to be mixed with oil, sebum and dirt so that they can be easily rinsed away. Moreover as thickener it helps to adjust the thickness of our products. APPEARANCE of Dehydol LS 3 Colorless to yellow transparent viscous liquid FUNCTION of Dehydol LS 3 In cosmetics and personal care products, the laureth ingredients are used in the formulation of a variety of bath, eye, facial, hair, cleansing and sunscreen products. They are also used in cuticle softeners, deodorants and moisturizing products. SYNONYMS of Dehydol LS 3 Laureth 3; T/N: Unicol LA-3; T/N: Jeecol LA-3; T/N: Ethal 326; Ethal LA-3; Poe(3) Lauryl Alcohol; Alkyloxypolyethyleneoxyethanol Alcohol Polyether STORAGE of Dehydol LS 3 Store in closed container protected from light and humidity. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Applications of Dehydol LS 3 Cleaning and hygiene Dehydol LS 3 is mainly used in detergents for laundry with many cleaning applications.It is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues; for example, Dehydol LS 3 is found in higher concentrations with industrial products including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car wash soaps.In lower concentrations, it is found in toothpastes, shampoos, shaving creams, and bubble bath formulations, for its ability to create a foam (lather), for its surfactant properties, and in part for its thickening effect. Food additive Dehydol LS 3, appearing as its synonym Dehydol LS 3 , is considered as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredient, for food use according to the guidelines published in 21 CFR 172.822. It is used as an emulsifying agent and whipping aid. Dehydol LS 3 is reported to temporarily diminish perception of sweetness. Laboratory applications of Dehydol LS 3 Principal applications Dehydol LS 3, in science referred to as sodium dodecyl sulfate , is used in cleaning procedures, and is commonly used as a component for lysing cells during RNA extraction and/or DNA extraction, and for denaturing proteins in preparation for electrophoresis in the Dehydol LS 3 -PAGE technique. In the case of the Dehydol LS 3 -PAGE application, the compound works by disrupting non-covalent bonds in the proteins, and so denaturing them, i.e., causing the protein molecules to lose their native conformations and shapes. By binding to the proteins with high affinity and in high concentrations, the negatively charged detergent provides all proteins with a similar net negative charge and therefore a similar charge-to-mass ratio. In this way, the difference in mobility of the polypeptide chains in the gel can be attributed solely to their size as opposed to both their size and charge. It is possible to make separation based on the size of the polypeptide chain to simplify the analysis of protein molecules, this can be achieved by denaturing proteins with the detergent Dehydol LS 3 .The association of Dehydol LS 3 molecules with protein molecules imparts an associated negative charge to the molecular aggregate formed; this negative charge is significantly greater than the original charge of that protein. The electrostatic repulsion that is created by Dehydol LS 3 binding forces proteins into a rod-like shape, thereby eliminating differences in shape as a factor for electrophoretic separation in gels. Dodecyl sulfate molecule has two negative charges at the pH value used for electrophoresis, this will lead the net charge of coated polypeptide chains to be much more negative than uncoated chains. The charge-to-mass ratio is essentially identical for different proteins because Dehydol LS 3 coating dominates the charge. Miscellaneous applications of Dehydol LS 3 Dehydol LS 3 is used in an improved technique for preparing brain tissues for study by optical microscopy. The technique, which has been branded as CLARITY, was the work of Karl Deisseroth and coworkers at Stanford University, and involves infusion of the organ with an acrylamide solution to bind the macromolecules of the organ (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), followed by thermal polymerization to form a "brain-hydrogel" (a mesh interspersed throughout the tissue to fix the macromolecules and other structures in space), and then by lipid removal using Dehydol LS 3 to eliminate light scattering with minimal protein loss, rendering the tissue quasi-transparent. Along with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and Triton X-100, aqueous solutions of Dehydol LS 3 are popular for dispersing or suspending nanotubes, such as carbon nanotubes. Niche uses Dehydol LS 3 has been proposed as a potentially effective topical microbicide, for intravaginal use, to inhibit and possibly prevent infection by various enveloped and non-enveloped viruses such as the herpes simplex viruses, HIV, and the Semliki Forest virus. In gas hydrate formation experiments, Dehydol LS 3 is used as a gas hydrate growth promoter.Researchers aim for gas hydrate promotions as scale-up of industrial applications of gas hydrates such as desalination process, gas storage, and gas separation technologies. Liquid membranes formed from Dehydol LS 3 in water have been demonstrated to work as unusual particle separators.The device acts as a reverse filter, allowing large particles to pass while capturing smaller particles. Toxicology of Dehydol LS 3 Carcinogenicity Dehydol LS 3 is not carcinogenic when consumed or applied directly, even to amounts and concentrations that exceed amounts used in standard commercial products.The earlier review of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) program Expert Panel in 1983 reported that Dehydol LS 3 (there, abbreviated Dehydol LS 3 , for Dehydol LS 3) in concentrations up to 2%, in a year-long oral dietary studies in dogs, gave no evidence of tumorigenicity or carcinogenicity, and that no excess chromosomal aberrations or clastogenic effects were observed in rats fed up to 1.13% Dehydol LS 3 in their diets for 90 days, over those on a control diet. The 2005 review by the same group indicated that further available data lacked any available suggestion that Dehydol LS 3 or the related ammonium salt of the same amphiphile could be carcinogenic, stating that "Despite assertions to the contrary on the Internet, the carcinogenicity of these ingredients is only a rumor;" both studies conclude that Dehydol LS 3 appears "to be safe in formulations designed for discontinuous, brief use followed by thorough rinsing from the surface of the skin. In products intended for prolonged contact with skin, concentrations should not exceed 1%." Sensitivity of Dehydol LS 3 Like all detergent surfactants, Dehydol LS 3 removes oils from the skin, and can cause skin and eye irritation. It has been shown to irritate the skin of the face, with prolonged and constant exposure (more than an hour) in young adults.Dehydol LS 3 may worsen skin problems in individuals with chronic skin hypersensitivity, with some people being affected more than others. Oral concerns of Dehydol LS 3 The low cost of Dehydol LS 3 , its lack of impact on taste, its potential impact on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs, which contribute to malodorous breath), and its desirable action as a foaming agent have led to the use of Dehydol LS 3 in the formulations of toothpastes.A series of small crossover studies (25-34 patients) have supported the efficacy of Dehydol LS 3 in the reduction of VSCs, and its related positive impact on breath malodor, although these studies have been generally noted to reflect technical challenges in the control of study design variables. While primary sources from the group of Irma Rantanen at University of Turku, Finland conclude an impact on dry mouth (xerostomia) from Dehydol LS 3 -containing pastes, a 2011 Cochrane review of these studies, and of the more general area, concludes that there "is no strong evidence... that any topical therapy is effective for relieving the symptom of dry mouth." A safety concern has been raised on the basis of several studies regarding the effect of toothpaste Dehydol LS 3 on aphthous ulcers, commonly referred to as canker or white sores. A consensus regarding practice (or change in practice) has not appeared as a result of the studies. As Lippert notes, of 2013, "very few... marketed toothpastes contain a surfactant other than Dehydol LS 3" and leading manufacturers continue to formulate their produce with Dehydol LS 3. Interaction with fluoride Some studies have suggested that Dehydol LS 3 in toothpaste may decrease the effectiveness of fluoride at preventing dental caries (cavities). This may be due to Dehydol LS 3 interacting with the deposition of fluoride on tooth enamel. Use of Dehydol LS 3: -Detergency: tooth paste, shampoo, cosmetic, detergent, etc. -Construction: plasterboard, additive of concrete, coating, etc. -Pharmaceutical: Medicine, pesticide, etc. -Leather: leather soft agent, wool cleaning agent, etc. -Paper making: penetrant, flocculating agent, deinking agent, etc. -Auxiliaries: textile auxiliaries, plastic auxiliaries, etc. -Fire fighting: oil well fire fighting, fire fighting device, etc. -Mineral choosing: mine flotation, coal water mixture, etc. Overview Dehydol LS 3 is one of the ingredients you'll find listed on your shampoo bottle. However, unless you're a chemist, you likely don't know what it is. The chemical is found in many cleaning and beauty products, but it's frequently misunderstood. Urban myths have linked it to cancer, skin irritation, and more. Science may tell a different story. How it works Dehydol LS 3 is what's known as a "surfactant." This means it lowers the surface tension between ingredients, which is why it's used as a cleansing and foaming agent. Most concerns about Dehydol LS 3 stem from the fact that it can be found in beauty and self-care products as well as in household cleaners. Where you'll find Dehydol LS 3 If you look under your bathroom sink, or on the shelf in your shower, it's very likely you'll find Dehydol LS 3 in your home. It's used in a variety of products, including: Grooming products, such as shaving cream, lip balm, hand sanitizer, nail treatments, makeup remover, foundation, facial cleansers, exfoliants, and liquid hand soap Hair products, such as shampoo, conditioner, hair dye, dandruff treatment, and styling gel Dental care products, such as toothpaste, teeth whitening products, and mouthwash Bath products, such as bath oils or salts, body wash, and bubble bath Creams and lotions, such as hand cream, masks, anti-itch creams, hair-removal products, and sunscreen You'll notice that all of these products are topical, or applied directly to the skin or body. Dehydol LS 3 is also used as a food additive, usually as an emulsifier or a thickener. It can be found in dried egg products, some marshmallow products, and certain dry beverage bases. Are there dangers? The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regards Dehydol LS 3 as safe as a food additive. Regarding its use in cosmetics and body products, the safety assessment study of Dehydol LS 3 , published in 1983 in the International Journal of Toxicology (the most recent assessment), found that it's not harmful if used briefly and rinsed from the skin, as with shampoos and soaps. The report says that products that stay on the skin longer shouldn't exceed 1 percent concentration of Dehydol LS 3 . However, the same assessment did suggest some possible, albeit minimal, risk to humans using Dehydol LS 3 . For example, some tests found that continuous skin exposure to Dehydol LS 3 could cause mild to moderate irritation in animals. Nevertheless, the assessment concluded that Dehydol LS 3 is safe in formulations used in cosmetics and personal care products. Because many of these products are designed to be rinsed off after short applications, the risks are minimal. According to most research, Dehydol LS 3 is an irritant but not a carcinogen. Studies have shown no link between the use of Dehydol LS 3 and increased cancer risk. According to a 2015 study, Dehydol LS 3 is safe for use in household cleaning products.
DEHYDOL LS 3 DEO-N            
Fatty acids, C12-18, mixed esters with citric acid, pentaerythritol and stearyl alc.; Fettsuren C12-18, Mischester mit Pentaerythritol, Zitronensure und Stearylalkohol CAS NO:130328-22-2
DEHYDOL LS6
DEHYDOL LS6 InChI 1S/C58H118O24/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-13-60-15-17-62-19-21-64-23-25-66-27-29-68-31-33-70-35-37-72-39-41-74-43-45-76-47-49-78-51-53-80-55-57-82-58-56-81-54-52-79-50-48-77-46-44-75-42-40-73-38-36-71-34-32-69-30-28-67-26-24-65-22-20-63-18-16-61-14-12-59/h59H,2-58H2,1H3 DEHYDOL LS6 InChI Key IEQAICDLOKRSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N DEHYDOL LS6 Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO DEHYDOL LS6 Molecular Formula C58H118O24 DEHYDOL LS6 CAS 68439-50-9 DEHYDOL LS6 European Community (EC) Number 500-213-3 DEHYDOL LS6 DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID0041931 DEHYDOL LS6 Physical Description Liquid DEHYDOL LS6 Molecular Weight 1199.5 g/mol DEHYDOL LS6 XLogP3 1.8 DEHYDOL LS6 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 DEHYDOL LS6 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 24 DEHYDOL LS6 Rotatable Bond Count 79 DEHYDOL LS6 Exact Mass 1198.801305 g/mol DEHYDOL LS6 Monoisotopic Mass 1198.801305 g/mol DEHYDOL LS6 Topological Polar Surface Area 233 Ų DEHYDOL LS6 Heavy Atom Count 82 DEHYDOL LS6 Formal Charge 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Complexity 1080 DEHYDOL LS6 Isotope Atom Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 DEHYDOL LS6 Compound Is Canonicalized Yes DEHYDOL LS6 Product Groups Nonionic Surfactants DEHYDOL LS6 Sub Product Groups Alcohol Ethoxylates DEHYDOL LS6 Function Nonionic Surfactant DEHYDOL LS6 Form of Delivery Liquid DEHYDOL LS6 Chemical Description C12C14 Fatty alcohol + 6 EO DEHYDOL LS6 Application Laundry Food and Beverage Processing Food Service and Kitchen Hygiene Commercial Laundry DEHYDOL LS6 APPLICATION DEHYDOL LS6 Surfactants: used as raw material for the manufacturer of sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) DEHYDOL LS6 Detergents: a base liquid and powder detergents, household cleaning agents, industrial cleaning agents. DEHYDOL LS6 Cosmetics & Personal care: used as raw materials in shampoo, body gels and hand cleaners. DEHYDOL LS6 Textiles: used as scouring and wetting agents. DEHYDOL LS6 Agriculture: used as emulsifiers in herbicides, Insecticides and fertilizers. DEHYDOL LS6 Paper: used as wetting agents and improve absorbency. DEHYDOL LS6 Rubber: used as stabilizers for rubber. DEHYDOL LS6 Leather: used as degreasing and tanning agents. DEHYDOL LS6 Paint: used as wetting agents and dispersing agent. DEHYDOL LS6 is a nonionic surfactant.It is an alkyl polyethlene glycol ester made forom C12-C14-alcohol and ethylene oxide.DEHYDOL LS6 - Feed (Block), REG, Use: For bloat in cattle in block - 520.1846.DEHYDOL LS6 - FEED, REG, Use: In feed blocks for cattle - 520.1846.A fatty alcohol that is suitable for the manufacture of heavy duty and special laundry detergents as well as hard surface cleaners.This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, plant protection products, fertilisers, lubricants and greases, air care products and fuels.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).Fatty alcohol ethoxylate, our products, are non-ionic surfactants produced by adding ethylene oxide (EO) to Linear Fatty Alcohols. Fatty alcohol ethoxylate produced are sold under the trade name Dehydol LS 6 guaranteeing world class standard.DEHYDOL LS6 is a cloudy liquid at room temperature and tends to form sediment.It becomes a clear liquid at 30 C.
DEHYDOL LT 5
General Description of Dehydol LT 5
Dehydol LT 5 is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Completely miscible with water.
Dehydol LT 5 is a major threat to the environment in case of a spill.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread.
Dehydol LT 5 can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate ground water and nearby streams.
Dehydol LT 5 is very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.
Prolonged exposure to the skin can cause reddening and scaling.
Dehydol LT 5 is used in the making of surfactants

Hazards of Dehydol LT 5
Reactivity Alerts of Dehydol LT 5
Peroxidizable Compound
Air & Water Reactions
No rapid reaction with air.
No rapid reaction with water.
Fire Hazard of Dehydol LT 5
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:
Some may burn but none ignite readily.
Containers may explode when heated.
Some may be transported hot.
For UN3508, Capacitor, asymmetric, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state.
Polymeric beads, expandable (UN2211) may evolve flammable vapours.

Health Hazard of Dehydol LT 5
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:
Inhalation of material may be harmful.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or asphyxiation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

Reactivity Profile of Dehydol LT 5
Dehydol LT 5 is stable up to 50°C.
Dehydol LT 5 cxidizes on exposure to the air to form peroxides and peracids.
Combustible but not flammable (flash point > 179°C).
Auto-ignition temperature: 230°C.
Dehydol LT 5 may react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases.
Dehydol LT 5 is incompatible with copper and copper alloys and aluminum.
A mixture of polyether alcohols of formula R-O-(CH2CH2-O-)n-H where R is a C-12 through C-16 alkyl group and n equals 1 through 6.
Synthesized by treating a mixture of C-12 to C-16 alcohols with ethylene oxide.

Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s)
Alcohols and Polyols
Ethers
Potentially Incompatible Absorbents

Response Recommendations
Isolation and Evacuation
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Firefighting for Dehydol LT 5
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.
If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
Non-Fire Response
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:
Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Prevent dust cloud.
For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust.
Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.
SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Protective Clothing
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.
No information available.

First Aid of Dehydol LT 5
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:

Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

Physical Properties of Dehydol LT 5

Chemical Formula: data unavailable
Flash Point: data unavailable
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): data unavailable
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable
Autoignition Temperature: data unavailable
Melting Point: data unavailable
Vapor Pressure: data unavailable
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): data unavailable
Specific Gravity: data unavailable
Boiling Point: data unavailable
Molecular Weight: data unavailable
Water Solubility: data unavailable
Ionization Energy/Potential: data unavailable
IDLH: data unavailable

Chemical character of Dehydol LT 5
Dehydol LT 5 types are nonionic surfactants.
They are alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers made from a C12-C18-alcohol and ethylene oxide.
They conform to the following formula:RO(CH2CH2O)XH

Product information of Dehydol LT 5
INGREDIENT IDENTIFICATION of Dehydol LT 5
Name: Dehydol LT 5
Segment: Home care

GENERAL USE of Dehydol LT 5
Performance claims, Sustainability claims, Function, Applications, Usage level

TECHNICAL USE of Dehydol LT 5
Chemical group, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Appearance, Colors, Origin, Origin Species

SAFETY AND CERTIFICATIONS of Dehydol LT 5
GHS classification, Hazard statements, Certifications, Renewable Carbon Index (RCI)

Properties of Dehydol LT 5
Dehydol LT 5 is a cloudy liquid at room temperature and tends to form sediment.
Dehydol LT 5 becomes clear liquid at 40 °C.
Physical form (23 °C): liquid
Degree of ethoxilation mol approx.: 5
Concentration % approx.: 100
Method D °C approx.: 73
Method E °C approx.: 70
Molar mass (from OH number) g/mol approx.: 420
pH valuapprox.: 7
Density g/cm3 approx. : 0.96
Dropping point °C approx.: 13
Congealing point °C approx.: 12

Viscosity of Dehydol LT 5
mPa·s approx.: 90
Hydroxyl number (DIN 53240) mg KOH/g approx.: 134
HLB value approx. : 10.5
Flash point (ISO 2592) °C approx. : 190

Surface tension of Dehydol LT 5
(EN 14370, 1 g/l in distilled water, 23 °C)mN/m approx. : 28
Method A: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of dist. Water
Method B: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of NaCl solution (c = 50 g/l)
Method C: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of NaCl solution (c = 100 g/l)
Method D: 5 g of surfactant + 45 g of butyldiglycol solution (c = 250 g/l)
Method E: 5 g of surfactant + 25 g of butyldiglycol solution (c = 250 g/l)
The pH of the Dehydol® LT types can decrease during storage, but this does not have any effect on their performance.
Applying Harkins-Jordan correction.

Solubility of the Dehydol LT 5 (10% at 23 °C)

Distilled water –
Potable water (2.7 mmol Ca2+-Ions/l) –
Caustic soda (5%) –
Hydrochloric acid (5%) –
Salt solution (5%) –
Solvent naphtha +
Ethanol, Isopropanol +
Aromatic hydrocarbons +
+ = clear solution
± = sparingly soluble (insoluble sediment)
– = insoluble (phase separation)


Viscosity The relationship between viscosity and temperature is always an important point to consider when Dehydol® LT 5 is stored or shipped. This is shown in the following table:
Viscosity at °C Dehydol LT 5 :
0 Solid
10 >105
20 170
23 90
30 50
40 25
50 <20
60 <20
We would recommend the preparation of 10 – 25% stock solutions of Dehydol LT 5 5 if it is to be used in the form of very dilute solutions, or if it is to be added to other solutions.
This makes it very much easier to dilute it later on.
Dehydol LT 5 can form fairly stiff gels at certain concentrations when water is added.
The viscosity of Dehydol LT 5 at 23 °C as a function of concentration in water (all values in mPa·s)

Storage of Dehydol LT 5
a) Dehydol LT 5 should be stored indoors in a dry place.
Storage rooms must not be overheated (see flash point).
b) Dehydol LT 5 is hygroscopic due to its good solubility in water, with the result that it may absorb moisture very quickly.
Drums must be resealed each time they
are opened.
c) The storage temperature should not be allowed to fall substantially below 20 °C.
The congealing point of Dehydol® LT 5 also need to be taken into account.
d)Dehydol LT 5 is a cloudy liquid and tend to form sediment, it becomes clear liquid at 40 °C.
e) Liquid that has solidified or that shows signs of sedimentation should be heated to 50 – 70 °C and homogenized before it is processed.
Please mix sufficiently prior to use.
f) Drums that have solidified or that have begun to precipitate should be reconstituted by gentle heating, preferably in a heating cabinet.
The temperature must not be allowed to exceed 70 °C.
Please mix sufficiently prior to use.
This also applies if drums are heated by external electrical elements.
Internal electrical elements should not be used because of the localized anomalies in temperature that they cause.
g)Dehydol LT 5 must be blanketed with nitrogen if they are stored in heated tanks (at 50 – 60 °C) to prevent it from coming into contact with air.
Constant, gentle stirring helps to prevent it being discolored as a result of prolonged contact with electrical elements or external heating coils.
Materials The following materials can be used for tanks and drums:
a) AISI 321 stainless steel
b) AISI 316 Ti stainless steel
Shelf life Provided it is are stored properly and drums are kept tightly sealed, Dehydol LT 5 have a shelf life of at least two years in its original packaging.
Safety We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using Dehydol LT 5 for the purpose for which it is intended and from processing it in accordance with current practices.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION of Dehydol LT 5
PRODUCT
Dehydol LT 5


Classification of Dehydol LT 5:
Industrial & Institutional, Personal Care

Description of Dehydol LT 5:
Fatty Alcohol C12-C18 + 5 Eo

CLASS: Industrial Chemicals, Tradename Chemistry – I&I Solutions

INDUSTRY of Dehydol LT 5:
Industrial, Personal Care

CAS No.:68213-23-0
FATTY ALCOHOL POLYGLYCOL ETHER
CAS:68213-23-0
EINECS:
Molecular Formula:C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H
MDL:
Synonyms of Dehydol LT 5
aeo9
belitem3
foryl100
dehydollt2
dehydollst
dehydol100
dehydollt4
dehydollt5
dehydollt7
teric la4n
agrimulnre 1205
alcohols
c12-18 ethoxylated
fattyalcs., c12-18, ethoxylated
alcs. fatty c12-18 ethoxylated
alfonic 1218-70
alfonic 1218-70l
belite m3
c12-18 alcs., ethoxylated
c12-18 ethoxylated alcs.
c12-18 fatty alcs.,ethoxylated
cemulsol db 311
dehydol 100
dehydol lst
dehydol lst 80/20
dehydol lt 2
dehydol lt 4
dehydol lt 5
dehydol lt 7
dehydol lt 8
dehydolpta 40
disponil ta 430
ethoxylated alcohols, c12-18
ethoxylated alcs.,c12-18
fatty alcs., c12-18, ethoxylated
foryl 100
lutensol a 4n
marlipal28/100
ps 10
ps 10 (surfactant)
slovasol sf 3
ta 430
alcohols,c12-18, ethoxylated
DEHYDOL LT 6
CAS NUMBER: 68213-23-0
Molecular Formula: RO(CH2CH2O)xH

DESCRIPTION:
DEHYDOL LT 6 is a fatty alcohol that is a very good raw material for the manufacture of liquid wool and light-duty detergents.
The Dehydol LT types are nonionic surfactants.
They are alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers made from a C12-C18-alcohol and ethylene oxide.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DEHYDOL LT 6:
Dehydol LT 6 is a cloudy liquid at room temperature and tends to form sediment.
Dehydol LT 6 becomes clear liquid at 40 °C

Physical form (23 °C): Liquid
Degree of ethoxilation: approx. 6
Concentration % :approx. 100
Cloud points (EN 1890)*
Method A °C :approx. 35
Method B °C :approx. 26
Method D °C :approx. 76
Method E °C :approx. 75
Average Molar mass (from OH number) g/mol :approx. 460
pH value (EN 1262, solution A)**: approx. 7
Density (DIN 51757, 23 °C) g/cm3 :approx. 0.97
Dropping point (DIN 51801) °C :approx. 25
Congealing point (ISO 2207) °C :approx. 10
Viscosity (EN 12092, 23 °C, Brookfield, 60 rpm) mPa•s : approx. 180
Hydroxyl number (DIN 53240) mg KOH/g : approx. 121
HLB value : approx. 11.5
Flash point (ISO 2592) °C: approx. 195
Wetting (EN 1772, distilled water, 23 °C, 2 g Soda ash/l)
0.5 g/l s: approx. 75
1.0 g/l s: approx. 45
2.0 g/l s: approx. 20
Foam volume
(EN 12728, 40 °C, 2 g/l water at a hardness of 1.8 mmol Ca-ions/l, after 30 s) cm3 : approx. 180
Surface tension (EN 14370, 1 g/l in distilled water, 23 °C)*** mN/m : approx. 28
* Cloud point EN 1890:
Method A: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of dist. Water
Method B: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of NaCl solution (c = 50 g/l)
Method C: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of NaCl solution (c = 100 g/l)
Method D: 5 g of surfactant + 45 g of butyldiglycol solution (c = 250 g/l)
Method E: 5 g of surfactant + 25 g of butyldiglycol solution (c = 250 g/l)
** The pH of the Dehydol LT types can decrease during storage, but this does not have any effect on their performance.
*** Applying Harkins-Jordan correction.
The above information is correct at the time of going to press.
It does not necessarily form part of the product specification.
A detailed product specification is available from your local BASF representative.

Solubility Details on the solubility of Dehydol® LT 6 in various solvents are given in the table
below.
Solubility of the Dehydol LT 6 (10% at 23 °C):
Distilled water: +
Potable water (2.7 mmol Ca2+-Ions/l) :+
Caustic soda (5%). –
Hydrochloric acid (5%): +
Salt solution (5%): +
Solvent naphtha: ±
Ethanol, Isopropanol: +
Aromatic hydrocarbons: +
(+ = clear solution ± = sparingly soluble (insoluble sediment) – = insoluble (phase separation) = forms an opaque soluble, homogeneous emulsion)

Viscosity:
The relationship between viscosity and temperature is always an important point to consider when Dehydol LT 6 is stored or shipped.
This is shown in the following table (mPa•s, Brookfield LVT):
Viscosity at °C Dehydol LT 6
at 0°C: Solid
at 10°C: >105
at 20°C: 250
at 23°C: 180
at 30°C: 80
at 40°C: 30
at 50°C: <20
at 60°C: <20
It is recommended the preparation of 10 – 25% stock solutions of Dehydol LT 6 if it is to be used in the form of very dilute solutions, or if it is to be added to other solutions.
This makes Dehydol LT 6 very much easier to dilute Dehydol LT 6 later on.
Dehydol LT 6 can form fairly stiff gels at certain concentrations when water is added.
The figures below were measured using a Brookfield-Viscosimeter at 23 °C and 60 rpm.
The viscosity of Dehydol LT 6 at 23 °C as a function of concentration in water (all values in mPa•s)

Water content in % Dehydol LT 6:
in 0 % :180
in 10%: 120
in 20%: >105
in 30%: >105
in 40 %: 40000
in 50%: >105
in 60%: 5000
in 70% : 2200
in 80%: 1500
in 90%: 200
The numbers reported have to be regarded as maximum values; the values measured immediately after mixing will be lower than the numbers reported.

Storage:
a)Dehydol LT 6 should be stored indoors in a dry place.
Storage rooms must not be overheated (see flash point).
b) Dehydol LT 6 is hygroscopic due to its good solubility in water, with the result that it may absorb moisture very quickly.
Drums must be resealed each time they are opened.
c) The storage temperature should not be allowed to fall substantially below 20 °C.
The congealing point of Dehydol LT 6 also need to be taken into account.
d) Dehydol LT 6 is a cloudy liquid and tends to form sediment, it becomes a clear liquid at 40 °C.
e) Liquid that has solidified or that shows signs of sedimentation should be heated 50 – 70 °C and homogenized before it is processed.
Please mix sufficiently prior to use.
f) Drums that have solidified or that have begun to precipitate should be reconstituted by gentle heating, preferably in a heating cabinet.
The temperature must not be allowed to exceed 70 °C.
Please mix sufficiently prior to use.
This also applies if drums are heated by external electrical elements. Internal electrical elements should not be used because of the localized anomalies in temperature that they cause.
g) Dehydol LT 6 must be blanketed with nitrogen if they are stored in heated tanks (at 50 – 60 °C) to prevent it from coming into contact with air.
Constant, gentle stirring helps to prevent it being discolored as a result of prolonged contact with electrical elements or external heating coils.
Materials The following materials can be used for tanks and drums:
a) AISI 321 stainless steel (X6CrNiTi1810)
b) AISI 316 Ti stainless steel (X6CrNiMoTi17122)
Shelf life: Provided it is are stored properly and drums are kept tightly sealed,
Dehydol LT 6 has a shelf life of at least 24 months in its original packaging.


CAS NUMBER: 68213-23-0
Molecular Formula: RO(CH2CH2O)xH

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DEHYDOL LT 6:
FIRST AID MEASURES:
Eyes:
If symptoms develop, move individual away from exposure and into fresh air.
Flush eyes gently with water while holding eyelids apart.
If symptoms persist or there is any visual difficulty, seek medical attention.

Skin :
First aid is not normally required.
However, it is recommended that exposed areas be cleaned by washing with soap and water.

Ingestion :
Seek medical attention.
If individual is drowsy or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth; place individual on the left side with the head down.
Contact a physician, medical facility, or poison control center for advice about whether to induce vomiting.
If possible, do not leave individual unattended.

Inhalation :
If symptoms develop, move individual away from exposure and into fresh air.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Keep person warm and quiet; seek immediate medical attention.
Persons not wearing protective equipment should be excluded from area of spill until clean-up has been completed.
Environmental precaution:
Prevent spreading over a wide area (e.g. by containment or oil barriers).
Do not let product enter drains.
Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system.
Methods for cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acid binder, universal binder, sawdust). Other information:
Comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations.

FIRE - FIGHTING MEASURES:
Suitable extinguishing media
Dry chemical, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water spray

Precautions for fire-fighting :
Wear full firefighting turn-out gear (full Bunker gear), and respiratory protection (SCBA).
DO NOT direct a solid stream of water or foam into hot, burning pools of liquid since this may cause frothing and increase fire intensity.
Frothing can be violent and possibly endanger any firefighter standing too close to the burning liquid.
Use water spray to cool fire exposed containers and structures until fire is out if it can be done with minimal risk.
Avoid spreading burning material with water used for cooling purposes.
NFPA Flammable and Combustible Liquids Classification
Combustible Liquid Class IIIB

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:
Personal precautions:
Persons not wearing protective equipment should be excluded from area of spill until clean-up has been completed.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent spreading over a wide area (e.g. by containment or oil barriers).
Do not let product enter drains.
Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system.

Methods for cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acid binder, universal binder, sawdust).

Other information:
Comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations.

HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Containers of this material may be hazardous when emptied.
Since emptied containers retain product residues (vapor, liquid, and/or solid), all hazard precautions given in the data sheet must be observed.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND PERSONAL PROTECTION:
Exposure Guidelines:
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.

General advice:
These recommendations provide general guidance for handling this product.
Personal protective equipment should be selected for individual applications and should consider factors which affect exposure potential, such as handling practices, chemical concentrations and ventilation.
It is ultimately the responsibility of the employer to follow regulatory guidelines established by local authorities.

Exposure controls:
Provide sufficient mechanical (general and/or local exhaust) ventilation to maintain exposure below exposure guidelines (if applicable) or below levels that cause known, suspected or apparent adverse effects.

Eye protection:
Not required under normal conditions of use.
Wear splash-proof safety goggles if material could be misted or splashed into eyes.

Skin and body protection:
Wear resistant gloves (consult your safety equipment supplier).
Wear normal work clothing including long pants, long-sleeved shirts and foot covering to prevent direct contact of the product with the skin.
Launder clothing before reuse.
If skin irritation develops, contact your facility health and safety professional or your local safety equipment supplier to determine the proper personal protective equipment for your use.

Respiratory protection:
A NIOSH-approved air-purifying respirator with an appropriate cartridge and/or filter may be permissible under certain circumstances where airborne concentrations are expected to exceed exposure limits (if applicable) or if overexposure has otherwise been determined.
Protection provided by air-purifying respirators is limited.
Use a positive pressure, air-supplied respirator if there is any potential for uncontrolled release, exposure levels are not known or any other circumstances where an air-purifying respirator may not provide adequate protection.

DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Waste disposal methods
Dispose of in accordance with all applicable local, state and federal regulations.

DEHYDRATED CASTOR OIL
Dehydrated Castor Oil Dehydrated Castor oil fatty acid commonly known as DCOFA is a high diene fatty acid based on Castor oil. Three types are offered depending on the conjugation (low, medium and high). DCOFA is liquid at room temperature, having a water-white to pale yellow colour. Dehydrated castor oil finds use in medicine, traditional folk medicines, and as an industrial lubricant with outstanding low-temperature viscosity and high-temperature lubrication properties. Dehydrated castor oil is obtained from the seeds of Ricinus communis, which is grown in India, Brazil, South America, Russia, USA, China and Mexico. Dehydrated castor oil, also known as ricinum oil, is one of the few almost pure sources of natural glyceride. Raw Dehydrated castor oil is a non-drying oil, which is used as a plasticiser for lacquers, leather-dressing dopes or similar formulations. Dehydrated castor oil is also compatible with a large number of natural and synthetic resins, polymers and waxes. The dehydration of raw Dehydrated castor oil changes it from a nondrying oil to a drying oil and Dehydrated castor oil (DCO) has intermediate properties between linseed and tung oil regarding its drying time, rate of polymerisation, and water and alkali resistance. Dried DCO film is more flexible and elastic than tung oil films, does not become brittle with ageing and does not dry as hard and yellow as linseed or perilla oil films. Properly formulated and cooked Dehydrated castor oil vehicle films do not wrinkle on exposure to gas fumes. These properties are responsible for the popularity of Dehydrated castor oil in the production of industrial resins and varnishes. Dehydrated castor oil-based polyester is also used as a binder for industrial paints. Dehydrated castor oil is not commonly used in alkyd resin formulations and there are few reports on the alcoholysis of Dehydrated castor oil triglycerides. For the preparation of Dehydrated castor oil-based monomers, Dehydrated castor oil was first alcoholized with glycerol, pentaerythritol, and an aromatic diol; BPA propoxylate and the alcoholysis products were then malinated, as shown in Figure 4.9 (Can [66]). Bisphenol A propoxylate was used specifically to introduce the rigid aromatic rings onto the triglyceride structure. The maleate esters of Dehydrated castor oil alcoholysis products have never been synthesized before; thus the Dehydrated castor oil-based monomers presented here are totally new resins. The alcoholysis reactions of Dehydrated castor oil were carried out for 2 h at 230–240°C in the presence of Ca(OH)2 as catalyst, similar to the soybean oil alcoholysis reactions. The malination reactions were carried out for 5 h at 98°C to ensure the completeness of the malination of the secondary hydroxyls of Dehydrated castor oil. N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, which is reported to be an effective catalyst for the malination of hydroxylated oils, was used as a catalyst. Dehydrated castor oil was also directly malinated to see the effect of the alcoholysis step on the mechanical properties of the resulting polymers. The molar ratio of Dehydrated castor oil to maleic anhydride was 1:3 for malination of Dehydrated castor oil; therefore, the reaction was carried out in an excess of maleic anhydride assuming that 1 mol Dehydrated castor oil contains 2.7 mol of hydroxyls. The reactants used in this reaction as well as their mole numbers and masses are given in Table 4.4. The COPERMA product was a light brown solid. Dehydrated castor oil is modified chemically by graft copolymerisation with methyl and butyl methacrylates. The exterior durability, weather resistance, drying and mechanical properties of these resins are considerably enhanced. Unsaturation in the fatty acid groups of polyesters allows interpolymerisation with a variety of reactive vinyl monomers such as styrene, α-methyl styrene, vinyl-toluene, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile. The modification of polyester resins based on cotton seed oil, linseed oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil with vinyl toluene to improve clarity is also described in the literature. The post styrenation (up to 50%) of linseed oil-based polyester resins improved drying time, scratch hardness and resistance to solvents and chemicals. Significant improvement in the drying time and weather resistance properties of Dehydrated castor oil-based polyester resin was obtained by graft copolymerisation with methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate. The copolymers of soybean oil and Dehydrated castor oil-based monomers, prepared by maleination of the alcoholysis products of the oils with various polyols, such as pentaerythritol, glycerol and bisphenol-A propoxylate with styrene, exhibited a wide range of properties depending on their chemical structures.19 Flexural moduli of 0.8–2.5 GPa, flexural strength of 32–112 MPa, glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 72–152 °C and surface hardness of 77–90 Shore D of the copolymers were displayed. These results show that the polymers obtained from Dehydrated castor oil exhibited significantly improved modulus, strength and Tg over those of soybean oil-based copolymers. These polymers showed comparable properties to those of the high performance unsaturated polyester resins based on petroleum products. The modification of Albizia benth medium oil polyester by acrylation shows superior drying, flexibility, scratch and impact resistance and chemical resistance properties compared to unmodified polyester.20 The use of N,N-dihydroxyethyl acrylic acid amide as a partial replacement for glycerol in the preparation of medium oil polyester resin reduced the need for anti-corrosive pigments in primer formulation.21 Water reducible acrylic–polyester resin prepared by the esterification of monoglyceride based on palm oil and carboxy functional acrylic copolymer showed excellent water and acid resistance and good alkali resistance.22 Maleated Dehydrated castor oil-based foam with styrene was obtained by a free radical polymerisation process using NaHCO3 as the blowing agent, co-napthanate as the promoter and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the free radical initiator. The product also exhibits acceptable biodegradability.23 Alkyd/acrylic hybrid latexes produced by mini-emulsion polymerisation are characterised in terms of the resin and acrylic degree of grafting, the reacted double bonds in the alkyd, the gel content and the molecular weight distribution of the sol part by size exclusion chromatography and the iodometric titration method. Vegetable oils, such as Dehydrated castor oil, can be used to make bio-based thermo-set PU resins, and these have also been used in natural fibre composites. The Dehydrated castor oil triglyceride is characterized by the presence of ricinoleic fatty acid which, in addition to containing double bonds, contains hydroxyl groups on its backbone (Dwan’Isa et al., 2005) (Fig. 9.5). The hydroxyl groups can be reacted with isocyanates to form Dehydrated castor oil-based polyurethane (COPU). The tensile strength of a COPU matrix resin has been reported to be 2.5 MPa, which is very low compared with that of synthetic thermoset resins, but the elongation to break was 31%, which is extremely high (Milanese et al., 2011). Dehydrated castor oil, also known as castor wax, is a hardened vegetable wax produced from pure Dehydrated castor oil through the chemical process of hydrogenation. When hydrogen is introduced to pure Dehydrated castor oil in the presence of a nickel catalyst, the resulting product becomes waxy, highly viscous, and more saturated.Dehydrated castor oil is an ingredient prevalently found in many cosmetics, varnishes, and polishes. You most likely use it on a daily basis. Unlike pure Dehydrated castor oil, which is said to have a slightly offensive smell, it is completely odorless. Dehydrated castor oil is also insoluble in water.But why hydrogenate Dehydrated castor oil when the pure oil works so well for so many different applications? What is the purpose of hydrogenating Dehydrated castor oil, exactly? ydrogenated Dehydrated castor oil, also known as castor wax, is derived from castor beans (Ricinus communis), which is typically a liquid at room temperature, that has been processed by adding hydrogen to make it more stable and raises its melting point so that it is a solid at room temperature. It is odorless and insoluble in water. Historically, ancient Egyptians used Dehydrated castor oil as fuel for their lamps. Dehydrated castor oil has also been used as a lubricant in machine and aircraft engines, and is added to certain paints, dyes and varnishes as well. Ingestion of pure Dehydrated castor oil works as a laxative to treat constipation. Dehydrated castor oil is a hard brittle, high melting point waxy substance with faint characteristic of fatty wax odor and is tasteless. It is compatible with beeswax, carnauba and candelilla wax. It is relatively insoluble in most organic solvents though it will dissolve in a number of solvents and oils at an elevated temperature but on cooling will form gels or a paste like mass. It forms a smooth, stable anionic emulsion with emulsifiers and triethanolamine stearate. It can also be emulsified with a cationic emulsifying agent, making emulsions that are also stable. It is mainly used in plastics, textiles, lubricants etc.As a pharmaceutical grade inactive ingredient, Dehydrated castor oil is used to emulsify and solubilize oils and other water-insoluble substances. A brand name product that contains Dehydrated castor oil is Cremophor and it contains a range of non-ionic polyethoxylated detergents. It was originally developed for use as solubilizers and emulsifiers. This research grade product is intended for use in R&D and development only. Dehydrated castor oil (castor wax) is also used an extended release agent; stiffening agent; tablet and capsule lubricant. Dehydrated castor oil has been used as a stimulant laxative to relieve occasional constipation, but it is rarely used today due to gentler and safer alternatives. The purpose of the hydrogenation process is to improve Dehydrated castor oil's melting point, texture, odor, and shelf-life.Once hydrogenated, the resulting Dehydrated castor oil product is comprised of hard, brittle flakes. Dehydrated castor oil is considered an organic ingredient, as well as a vegan one, as it is vegetable-derived.One application of Dehydrated castor oil is to improve certain cosmetic products. You can add the flakes to cosmetic formulations until thoroughly melted. In this capacity, Dehydrated castor oil acts as an emollient and a thickener; increasing the viscosity of creams, ointments, and lotions when their composition is too runny. Dehydrated castor oil also stabilizes cosmetics that come in stick-form (like lipstick) and increases these products' melting points, making for a more stable product. In part thanks to Dehydrated castor oil, it's not the end of the world if we leave a tube of red lipstick in a hot car! Dehydrated castor oil means our lipsticks maintain a solid structure even when they're pushed to the limit, and our deodorant doesn't crumble as we apply it.Dehydrated castor oil is a hard, waxy substance with a unique structure. It works with the other oils and waxes in the antiperspirant base to give the stick a firm but spreadable consistency. In the baby diaper cream and lotion it provides a protective barrier of the lotion/cream on the skin. In all cases, because Dehydrated castor oil is insoluble in water, it is not readily washed away. Dehydrated castor oil is especially present in these types of products when something requires resistance to moisture and oils, such as in polishes, varnishes, and paints. Dehydrated castor oil, also known as castor wax, is derived from castor beans (Ricinus communis), which is typically a liquid at room temperature, that has been processed by adding hydrogen to make it more stable and raises its melting point so that it is a solid at room temperature. It is odorless and insoluble in water. Dehydrated castor oil is a hard, waxy substance with a unique structure. It works with the other oils and waxes in the antiperspirant base to give the stick a firm but spreadable consistency. In all cases, because Dehydrated castor oil is insoluble in water, it is not readily washed away. Dehydrated castor oil has a long history of safe use in personal care products. PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil is the Polyethylene Glycol derivatives of Dehydrated castor oil, and it functions as a surfactant, a solubilizer, an emulsifier, an emollient, a cleansing agent, and a fragrance ingredient when added to cosmetics or personal care product formulations. Dehydrated castor oil is soluble in both water and oil and is traditionally used to emulsify and solubilize oil-in-water formulations. Its foam-enhancing properties make it ideal for use in liquid cleansers, and its soothing and softening emollient quality makes it a popular addition to formulations for moisturizers and hair care cosmetics. As a surfactant, PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil helps to decrease the surface tension between multiple liquids or between liquids and solids. Furthermore, it helps to remove the grease from oils and causes them to become suspended in the liquid. This makes it easier for them to be washed away and lends this ingredient popularity in facial and body cleansers. As an occlusive agent, PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil creates a protective hydrating layer on the skin's surface, acting as a barrier against the loss of natural moisture. Dehydrated castor oil to cosmetics formulations, it can be blended in its cold state directly into the oil phase at a suggested ratio of 3:1 (PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil to oil). Next, this can be added to the water phase. If the formula is cloudy, the amount of PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil may be increased for enhanced transparency. Dehydrated castor oil Raw Material without the medical advice of a physician. This product should always be stored in an area that is inaccessible to children, especially those under the age of 7. Dehydrated castor oil Raw Material in 1 tsp of a preferred Carrier Oil and applying a dime-size amount of this blend to a small area of skin that is not sensitive. PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil must never be used near the inner nose and ears or on any other particularly sensitive areas of skin. Potential side effects of PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil include the itching, PEG-30 Dehydrated castor oil, PEG-33 Dehydrated castor oil, PEG-35 Dehydrated castor oil, PEG-36 Dehydrated castor oil and PEG-40 Dehydrated castor oil are polyethylene glycol derivatives of Dehydrated castor oil. PEG-30 Dehydrated castor oil and PEG-40 Dehydrated castor oil are polyethylene glycol derivatives of Dehydrated castor oil. PEG-36 Dehydrated castor oil is a light yellow and slightly viscous liquid with a mild fatty odor. PEG-40 Dehydrated castor oil is an amber-colored liquid. PEG Dehydrated castor oils and PEG Dehydrated castor oils are used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products. Dehydrated castor oil is the polyethylene glycol derivatives of Dehydrated castor oil, and is an amber colored, slightly viscous liquid that has a naturally mildly fatty odor. It is used in cosmetics and beauty products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and fragrance ingredient, according to research. Accordingly, Dehydrated castor oil is principally 12-hydroxystearic triglyceride. Dehydrated castor oil (HCO) or castor wax is used in capacitors, coatings and greases, cosmetics, electrical carbon paper, lubrication, polishes, and where resistance to moisture, oils and other petrochemical products is required. Castor wax is also useful as a top coat varnish for leather, wood & rubber. 12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid (12-HSA) is obtained by the hydrolysis of Dehydrated castor oil, 12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid is a high melting, brittle, waxy solid at ambient temperatures and should be stored away from heat to avoid deterioration. A non-toxic, non-hazardous material, it has limited solubility in many organic solvents and is insoluble in water. It is used in lithium and calcium greases, and in the manufacture of acrylic polymers, as an internal lubricant for plastic mouldings, coatings for automotive, equipment, appliances and architectural applications. We are proud to boast industry leading products suitable for a wide array of application and product requirements. We believe industry leading customer service, delivery and innovation allow us to meet our ever increasing client demands. Dehydrated castor oil is a wax-like hydrogenated derivative of Dehydrated castor oil. Dehydrated castor oil has many industrial applications. Castor wax, also called Dehydrated castor oil, is an opaque, white vegetable wax. It is produced by the hydrogenation of pure Dehydrated castor oil often in the presence of a nickel catalyst to increase the rate of reaction. The hydrogenation of Dehydrated castor oil forms saturated molecules of castor wax; this saturation is responsible for the hard, brittle and insoluble nature of the wax. HCO (chemical name: Dehydrated castor oil), also known as castor wax, is a very common oleochemical product that has many industrial and manufacturing applications. What is Dehydrated castor oil? HCO is a hard, wax-like substance extracted from Dehydrated castor oil beans. There is also a petroleum-based formula of Hydrogenated Caster Oil known as PEG-40. The Dehydrated castor oil chemical formula of this material is C57H110O9(CH2CH2O)n. Hydrogenation refers to a chemical process where an unsaturated compound is combined with hydrogen to produce saturation. In the case of HCO, this increases the oil’s stability and raises its melting point, transforming it into a solid at room temperature.Dehydrated castor oil is insoluble in water and most types of organic solvents. This makes HCO extremely valuable in the manufacturing of lubricants and industrial greases. However, HCO is soluble in hot solvents. It also has the ability to resist water while retaining its polarity, lubricity and surface wetting capabilities. Dehydrated castor oil is also an extremely safe, non-toxic material that is suitable for use in personal care products and soaps. To learn more about HCO safety, please review the Dehydrated castor oil SDS (Safety Data Sheet).Acme-Hardesty is a reliable source for Dehydrated castor oil. We offer a complete selection of Dehydrated castor oil and Derivatives such as Ricinoleic Acid, 12HSA, #1 Dehydrated castor oil, HCO and several others. We are known for being one of the largest and oldest Dehydrated castor oil importers and distributors found anywhere in the United States. As one of the leading Dehydrated castor oil suppliers, we can accommodate your company’s Dehydrated castor oil needs, whether you require a bulk shipment, a pallet or a full truckload. USES & APPLICATIONS HCO is an extremely versatile oleochemical that has a number of industrial and manufacturing applications:CASE: Because of its excellent resistance to moisture, Dehydrated castor oil works extremely well as a viscosity modifier, and it also provides significant improvement in grease and oil resistance.Plastics: Dehydrated castor oil performs the role of a lubricant and release agent for PVC and improves processing, dispersion and grease resistance of sheeted polyethylene. It is also useful in the preparation of various polyurethane coating formulas.Personal Care: There are multiple Dehydrated castor oil uses in the manufacturing of personal care products, particularly as an emollient and thickening agent in ointments and deodorants, as well as hair care products and certain cosmetics.Waxes: Hydrogenated Caster Oil works as a binding agent in synthetic and petroleum waxes, as it makes the wax harder and more resistant to crumbling.Soaps and Detergents: Dehydrated castor oil is sometimes used as an emulsifying agent in liquid soaps and detergents to enhance the stability of the liquid formula.Textiles: HCO makes an effective processing agent in various textile manufacturing applications. What does it do? Dehydrated castor oil is a hard, waxy substance with a unique structure. It works with the other oils and waxes in the antiperspirant base to give the stick a firm but spreadable consistency. In all cases, because Dehydrated castor oil is insoluble in water, it is not readily washed away. In monolithic tablets, the core is either prepared by direct compression or by wet granulation followed by coating the core with water impermeable materials on all the faces except the face which is in contact with the mucosa. Water-impermeable materials include Teflon, ethyl cellulose, cellophane, Dehydrated castor oil, and so on. Such a system begins unidirectional drug flow toward the mucosa and avoids drug loss [163]. The results of Kurihara et al. (1996) indicate that Dehydrated castor oil (HCO)-60 emulsions, when compared with conventional lecithin-stabilized emulsions, are more stable to LPL and show low uptake by RES organs, long circulations in the plasma and high distribution in tumors. Lin et al. (1992) confirmed that Dehydrated castor oil-60 is a good emulsifier for the preparation of NE with better stability and prolonged and selective delivery properties. Thus, these sterically stabilized NEs could show potential as effective carriers for highly lipophilic antitumor agents to enhance the drug delivery in tumors. This was confirmed by Sakaeda et al. (1994) who found that the rate of selective delivery of Sudan II to liver, lungs, and spleen could be suppressed by using Dehydrated castor oil-60-based NE. Conversely, the use of saturated MCT in NE was the most effective way to increase blood concentration of Sudan II, resulting in higher distribution to liver, lungs, spleen, and brain (Sakaeda and Hirano, 1995). Furthermore, an o/w-type NE containing Dehydrated castor oil-60 was shown to be superior in the selective distribution of adriamycin-HCl to the liver and in decreasing concentration in heart and kidney (Yamaguchi et al., 1995). Again, Ueda et al. (2003) reported the effect of using a series of Dehydrated castor oils having different oxyethylene numbers such as Dehydrated castor oil10, Dehydrated castor oil 20, Dehydrated castor oil 30, Dehydrated castor oil 60, and Dehydrated castor oil 100 on the pharmacokinetics of menatetrenone (vitamin K2) incorporated in SO (SO)–based NE in rats. Plasma half-life of menatetrenone after administration as the NE prepared by Dehydrated castor oil with 10 oxyethylene units (SO/Dehydrated castor oil 10) was similar to that after the administration as SO/egg yolk phosphatides (SO/EYP), but was shorter than that as the NEs prepared by Dehydrated castor oils with >20 oxyethylene units (SO/Dehydrated castor oil 20, SO/Dehydrated castor oil 30, SO/Dehydrated castor oil 60, and SO/Dehydrated castor oil 100). These findings clearly demonstrate that 20 oxyethylene units in Dehydrated castor oils are the minimum requirement for the prolongation of the plasma circulation time of the incorporated drug in SO/Dehydrated castor oils NEs. The earlier described studies suggest the involvement of oil or structured lipids in the enhancement of systemic circulation of the NE. Dehydrated castor oil is a multi-purpose vegetable oil that people have used for thousands of years. It’s made by extracting oil from the seeds of the Ricinus communis plant. These seeds, which are known as castor beans, contain a toxic enzyme called ricin. However, the heating process that Dehydrated castor oil undergoes deactivates it, allowing the oil to be used safely. Dehydrated castor oil has a number of medicinal, industrial and pharmaceutical uses. It’s commonly used as an additive in foods, medications and skin care products, as well as an industrial lubricant and biodiesel fuel component. In ancient Egypt, Dehydrated castor oil was burned as fuel in lamps, used as a natural remedy to treat ailments like eye irritation and even given to pregnant women to stimulate labor. Today, Dehydrated castor oil remains a popular natural treatment for common conditions like constipation and skin ailments and is commonly used in natural beauty products. Here are 7 benefits and uses of Dehydrated castor oil. 1. A Powerful Laxative Perhaps one of the best-known medicinal uses for Dehydrated castor oil is as a natural laxative. It’s classified as a stimulant laxative, meaning that it increases the movement of the muscles that push material through the intestines, helping clear the bowels. Stimulant laxatives act rapidly and are commonly used to relieve temporary constipation. When consumed by mouth, Dehydrated castor oil is broken down in the small intestine, releasing ricinoleic acid, the main fatty acid in Dehydrated castor oil. The ricinoleic acid is then absorbed by the intestine, stimulating a strong laxative effect. In fact, several studies have shown that Dehydrated castor oil can relieve constipation. For example, one study found that when elderly people took Dehydrated castor oil, they experienced decreased symptoms of constipation, including less straining during defecation and lower reported feelings of incomplete bowel movements. While Dehydrated castor oil is considered safe in small doses, larger amounts can cause abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (4Trusted Source). Although it can be used to relieve occasional constipation, Dehydrated castor oil is not recommended as a treatment for long-term issues. Dehydrated castor oil can be used as a natural remedy for occasional constipation. However, it can cause side effects like cramping and diarrhea and should not be used to treat chronic constipation. 2. A Natural Moisturizer Dehydrated castor oil is rich in ricinoleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid. These types of fats act as humectants and can be used to moisturize the skin. Humectants retain moisture by preventing water loss through the outer layer of the skin. Dehydrated castor oil is often used in cosmetics to promote hydration and often added to products like lotions, makeup and cleansers. You can also use this rich oil on its own as a natural alternative to store-bought moisturizers and lotions. Many popular moisturizing products found in stores contain potentially harmful ingredients like preservatives, perfumes and dyes, which could irritate the skin and harm overall health. Swapping out these products for Dehydrated castor oil can help reduce your exposure to these additives. Plus, Dehydrated castor oil is inexpensive and can be used on the face and body. Dehydrated castor oil is thick, so it’s frequently mixed with other skin-friendly oils like almond, olive and coconut oil to make an ultra-hydrating moisturizer. Though applying Dehydrated castor oil to the skin is considered safe for most, it can cause an allergic reaction in some people (6Trusted Source). Dehydrated castor oil can help lock moisture in the skin. Though this natural alternative to store-bought products is considered safe for most, it can cause allergic reactions in some. 3. Promotes Wound Healing Applying Dehydrated castor oil to wounds creates a moist environment that promotes healing and prevents sores from drying out. Venelex, a popular ointment used in clinical settings to treat wounds, contains a mixture of Dehydrated castor oil and Peru balsam, a balm derived from the Myroxylon tree. Dehydrated castor oil stimulates tissue growth so that a barrier can be formed between the wound and the environment, decreasing the risk of infection. It also reduces dryness and cornification, the buildup of dead skin cells that can delay wound healing (8). Studies have found that ointments containing Dehydrated castor oil may be especially helpful in healing pressure ulcers, a type wound that develops from prolonged pressure on the skin. One study looked at the wound-healing effects of an ointment containing Dehydrated castor oil in 861 nursing home residents with pressure ulcers. Those whose wounds were treated with Dehydrated castor oil experienced higher healing rates and shorter healing times than those treated with other methods (9Trusted Source). Dehydrated castor oil helps heal wounds by stimulating the growth of new tissue, reducing dryness and preventing the buildup of dead skin cells. 4. Impressive Anti-Inflammatory Effects Ricinoleic acid, the main fatty acid found in Dehydrated castor oil, has impressive anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have shown that when Dehydrated castor oil is applied topically, it reduces inflammation and relieves pain. The pain-reducing and anti-inflammatory qualities of Dehydrated castor oil may be particularly helpful to those with an inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. Animal and test-tube studies have found that ricinoleic acid reduces pain and swelling. One study demonstrated that treatment with a gel containing ricinoleic acid led to a significant reduction in pain and inflammation when applied to the skin, compared to other treatment methods. A test-tube component of the same study showed that ricinoleic acid helped reduce inflammation caused by human rheumatoid arthritis cells more than another treatment. Aside from Dehydrated castor oil’s potential to reduce inflammation, it may help relieve dry, irritated skin in those with psoriasis, thanks to its moisturizing properties. Although these results are promising, more human studies are needed to determine the effects of Dehydrated castor oil on inflammatory conditions. Dehydrated castor oil is high in ricinoleic acid, a fatty acid that has been shown to help reduce pain and inflammation in test-tube and animal studies. 5. Reduces Acne Acne is a skin condition that can cause blackheads, pus-filled pimples and large, painful bumps on the face and body. It’s most common in teens and young adults and can negatively impact self-esteem. Dehydrated castor oil has several qualities that may help reduce acne symptoms. Inflammation is thought to be a factor in the development and severity of acne, so applying Dehydrated castor oil to the skin may help reduce inflammation-related symptoms. Acne is also associated with an imbalance of certain types of bacteria normally found on the skin, including Staphylococcus aureus. Dehydrated castor oil has antimicrobial properties that may help fight bacterial overgrowth when applied to the skin. One test-tube study found that Dehydrated castor oil extract showed considerable antibacterial power, inhibiting the growth of several bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. Dehydrated castor oil is also a natural moisturizer, so it may help soothe the inflamed and irritated skin typical in those with acne. Dehydrated castor oil helps fight inflammation, reduce bacteria and soothe irritated skin, all of which can be helpful for those looking for a natural acne remedy. 6. Fights Fungus Candida albicans is a type of fungus that commonly causes dental issues like plaque overgrowth, gum infections and root canal infections. Dehydrated castor oil has antifungal properties and may help fight off Candida, keeping the mouth healthy. One test-tube study found that Dehydrated castor oil eliminated Candida albicans from contaminated human tooth roots. Dehydrated castor oil may also help treat denture-related stomatitis, a painful condition thought to be caused by Candida overgrowth. This is a common issue in elderly people who wear dentures. A study in 30 elderly people with denture-related stomatitis showed that treatment with Dehydrated castor oil led to improvements in the clinical signs of stomatitis, including inflammation (17Trusted Source). Another study found that brushing with and soaking dentures in a solution containing Dehydrated castor oil led to significant reductions in Candida in elderly people who wore dentures (18Trusted Source). Several studies have shown that Dehydrated castor oil may help fight fungal infections in the mouth caused by Candida albicans. 7. Keeps Your Hair and Scalp Healthy Many people use Dehydrated castor oil as a natural hair conditioner. Dry or damaged hair can especially benefit from an intense moisturizer like Dehydrated castor oil. Applying fats like Dehydrated castor oil to the hair on a regular basis helps lubricate the hair shaft, increasing flexibility and decreasing the chance of breakage. Dehydrated castor oil may benefit those who experience dandruff, a common scalp condition characterized b
DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA)
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an organic compound which has several industrial applications.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a colorless crystal or light yellow powder, insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, ether, acetone and hot ethanol.


CAS Number(s): 520-45-6771-03-916807-48-0
EC Number(s): 208-293-9212-227-4
MDL Number: MFCD00066709
Chem/IUPAC Name: 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
Chemical formula: C8H8O4



SYNONYMS:
DHA, dhaa, 3-ACETYL-6-METHYL-2H-PYRAN-2,4(3H)-DIONE, 2H-Pyran-2-one, 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-, Geogard(R) 221, DEHYDRANONE, Biocide 470F, Geogard(R) 361, Geogard(R) 111A, DA,Dehydroacetic, 2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 3-acetyl-6-methyl-, Dehydracetic acid, DHA, DHS, 3-Acetyl-6-Methyldihydropyrandione-2,4(3H), 4-Hexenoic acid, 2-acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-, δ-lactone, Methylacetopyronone, 2-Acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-hexenoic acid, δ-lactone, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2,4(3H)-pyrandione, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 3-Acetyl-6-methylpyrandione-2,4, 3-Acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, enol form, Kyselina dehydroacetova, DHAA, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-pyran-2,4-dione, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, ion(1-), 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-2,4-dione, Acetic acid, dehydro-, Biocide 470F, NSC 8770, 3-Acetyl-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, Biocide 470F, Methylacetopyronone



Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C8H8O4.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a white to light yellow powder that is soluble in various organic solvents such as glycerol, propylene glycol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) belongs to the family of pyrones.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA), with the chemical formula C8H8O4 and CAS registry number 520-45-6, is a compound known for its applications in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
This white crystalline powder is characterized by its ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, making Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) a popular ingredient in various skincare and haircare products.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is often used as a preservative, helping to extend the shelf life of these products by preventing the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is considered safe for use in cosmetics and has been approved by regulatory bodies such as the European Union and the United States Food and Drug Administration.


Overall, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) plays a crucial role in maintaining the quality and safety of cosmetic and personal care products.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a colorless crystal or light yellow powder, insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, ether, acetone and hot ethanol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a pyran-2,4-dione substituted at position 3 by an acetyl group and at position 6 by a methyl group.


A fungicide and bactericide Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used primarily in processed fruit and vegetables.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has a role as a fungicide, an antibacterial agent and a plasticiser.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a pyran-2,4-dione and a ketone.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is widely found in many deep sea fish oil, marine algae and some terrestrial plants.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid, which is essential for nutrition. MP44 C.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is very unstable to light, oxygen and heat, easy to oxidize and crack, and antioxidant should be added generally.


In addition, lecithin, dextrose, cyclodextrin or inert gas can be added to improve the stability of the preparation.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a colorless crystal or light yellow powder, insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, ether, acetone and hot ethanol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA), also known as 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4 (3H)-dione, is a synthetic preservative that is frequently used in cosmetic products.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) operates as a kind of cosmetic patrol guard, warding off the growth of yeast, mold, and bacteria in products to prolong their shelf-life .
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) usually appears in minute amounts, ranging from 0.06% to a maximum of 0.6% in ready-to-use cosmetics .


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is classified as a pyrone derivative.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) presents as an odorless, colorless to white crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water and moderately soluble in most organic solvents.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a safe ingredient that helps to prevent cosmetics and foods from spoiling.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is effective against a broad range of microorganisms but is especially active against moulds and yeasts.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is one of the few preservatives permitted for Ecocert applications.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is classified as a pyrone derivative.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) presents as an odorless, colorless to white crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water and moderately soluble in most organic solvents.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA), also known as Sodium Dehydroacetate is used as a preservative in cosmetics.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) kills microorganisms and prevents their growth and reproduction, thus protecting cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an organic compound which is accepted for use in natural cosmetics, offering a broad spectrum of stability at a wide range of pH values.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is water soluble with an effective pH from pH 2–6; it is most efficient at pH levels below 5.5.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a synthetic preservative.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a pyrone derivative, that is typically synthesized by the base-catalyzed dimerization of diketene.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) offers reliable anti-fungal efficacy at relatively low product use levels.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is based on dehydroacetic acid (DHA); These preservatives have a wide range of global regulatory acceptance for many personal care and cosmetic applications.
Test data of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) to parabens show higher efficacy and substantially better performance in low to neutral pH formulations.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a broad spectrum of fungicide; it has potent inhibition on bacteria, mold, and yeast, especially mold.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can dissolve in several kinds of oils.
However, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has poor solubility in water.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is stable to heat, and the antimicrobial action will not be affected even heat to 248°F so that it can be used in all kinds of heat process food.
But Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is evaporative along with water steam.


So Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) should be added during the later period of the heating process, and accordingly, the amount should increase.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has an excellent toxicity profile and is non-sensitizing and non-irritating.
In its raw form, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) appears as a white crystalline powder that is odorless.


Further, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a safe ingredient and is well tolerated by most skin types.
The chemical formula of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is C8H8O4.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an organic compound which has several industrial applications.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a low toxicity, high efficiency, broad spectrum antimicrobial agent.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as preservatives and anti-mould agent in paint, oil, leather products, food, feed, packaging materials and cosmetics.
The maximum allowable amount of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) (mass fraction) is 0.6% (acid), and the general use content (mass fraction) is 0.02% to 0.2%.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a broad-spectrum preservative, especially has strong bacteriostatic ability to molds and yeast.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a safe food preservative and preservative agent approved by FAO and WHOs.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s main use is low toxicity, high efficiency, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a synthetic, organic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as stabilizer for cosmetic and pharmaceutical products due to its fungicide and bactericide activity, as additive for PVC-stabilizers and for the syntheses of veterinary medicines.


Geogard(R) 111a preservative is based on Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and therefore are recognized by major cosmetic, toiletry and fragrance regulatory authorities worldwide for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
Geogard(R) 221 preservative is based on Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and benzyl alcohol, and therefore is recognized by major cosmetic, toiletry and fragrance regulatory authorities worldwide for use in cosmetic and personal care products.


Geogard(R) 361 preservative is based on six synergistic components, all with wide global regulatory acceptance: dehydroacetic acid (DHA); salicylic acid; benzoic acid; phenoxyethanol; benzyl alcohol; and benzethonium chloride.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used antifungal, antibacterial


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a preservative with low sensitizing potential.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a weak acid used as a fungi-and bacteria-destroying agent in cosmetics.
The presence of organic matter decreases Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s effective ness.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is not irritating or allergy causing when applied on the skin.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a preservative that is a crystalline powder with a solubility of less than 0.1 g in 100 g of water at 25°C.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can undergo a variety of chemical reactions which give it utility in many applications.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used at 0.01–0.5% for microbiological growth inhibition in various foods.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used for cut or peeled squash, with no more than 65 ppm remaining in or on the prepared squash.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can be used as mildew proof and antiseptic for coating, oil, leather products, food, feed, packaging materials and cosmetics.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s main use is low toxicity, high efficiency, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is widely used in anti-mildew and anti-corrosion of coatings, oil, leather products, food, feed, packaging materials and cosmetics.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a new type of chemical preservative, a very important intermediate of organic synthesis and a good plasticizer.


Since it was found to be antibacterial, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and some of its derivatives have been used as preservatives in many countries.
At present, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and some of its derivatives have been used in anti mildew and anti-corrosion of industrial products such as food, textile, papermaking, rubber, plastics, archives and arts and crafts, with good results.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is easy to dissolve in the aqueous solution of fixed base, but difficult to dissolve in water.
1g is about soluble in 35ml ethanol and 5ml acetone.
The pH of its Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) saturated aqueous solution is equal to 4.


Industrially, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has several uses.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a fungicide and bactericide.
The sodium salt, sodium dehydroacetate, is often used in place of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) because of its greater solubility in water.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a food preservative to prevent pickle bloating in squash and strawberries.
When used as a food additive, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is referred to using the International Numbering System for Food Additives or E number 265.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a plasticizer in synthetic resins.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as an antienzyme in toothpastes.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a precursor for dimethyl-4-pyridones.
Typical recommended use of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is 0.2–1%.


As a preservative Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used in the formulation of a wide variety of products, including bath, skin care, suntan, sunscreen, fragrance, shaving, hair and nail care products, as well as eye and facial makeup.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a preservative in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic products.


Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is stable to heat, and the antimicrobial action will not be affected even heat to 248°F so that it can be used in all kinds of heat process food.


In addition, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) acts as a preservative booster, improving the effectiveness of other antimicrobial agents like Phenoxyethanol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is globally approved preservative for cosmetics and toiletries featuring high efficacy and low use-cost and broad spectrum activity.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a good fungicide and a mild bactericide that is suitable for NPA and Soil Association compliant formulations.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an organic compound primarily serving as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care industry.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) fights off the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and mold in products, thus increasing the shelf life.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is compatible with other preservatives when combined for added efficiency - making it a versatile choice.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s inhibiting action is better when in an acid environment.


-Preservative in cosmetics uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a widely preservative in cosmetics and personal care products particularly in skincare and haircare products.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Formulator use Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) in moisturizers, creams, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and other personal care items.


-Food and beverage industry uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a food preservative in some countries.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is effective against a wide range of microorganisms and can be used in various food and beverage products to inhibit spoilage.


-Agriculture uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is sometimes used as a preservative in agricultural products.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can be applied to crops, fruits, and vegetables to prevent microbial growth and extend their shelf life.


-Pharmaceutical uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a preservative in some pharmaceutical formulations.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) helps maintain the integrity and stability of medicines by inhibiting microbial contamination.


-Water treatment uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can be also as a biocide in water treatment systems.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) helps control the growth of bacteria and algae, preventing fouling and maintaining water quality.



WHAT IS DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) USED FOR?
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is widely used in the cosmetic industry as an effective preservative.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) prevents the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi in formulations to make them last longer. Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is commonly found in lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and other water-based formulations where microbial contamination is a concern.

Additionally, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) serves as an antimicrobial agent, ensuring product safety and integrity.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s broad-spectrum efficacy, stability in various formulations, and compatibility with other preservatives make it a versatile choice for maintaining the quality and safety of cosmetic and personal care products.



ORIGIN OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is synthesized through the reaction of diketene and acetic acid.
Diketene, a highly reactive compound, reacts with acetic acid under controlled conditions to form Dehydroacetic acid (DHA).
This process involves careful temperature regulation and purification steps to ensure the purity of the final product. The synthesized Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is then crystallized and dried for use in cosmetics.



WHAT DOES DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antimicrobial
*Preservative



SAFETY PROFILE OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a safe ingredient when used within the recommended concentration levels of 0.6% or less.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is non-irritating and is approved by regulatory agencies around the world.
However, a patch test is recommended before using any new product containing Dehydroacetic acid (DHA).
Since Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has synthetic origins, it is suitable for vegan and halal formulations.



ALTERNATIVES OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
*PHENOXYETHANOL,
*SODIUM BENZOATE,
*POTASSIUM SORBATE



FUNCTIONS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
*Preservative
*Preservative booster



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a white to cream-coloured powder that is only very slightly soluble in water (less than 0.1 %).
However, the sodium salt hydrate (CSH7Na04.H20) has a solubility of 33% in water at 25°C, and 48% in propylene glycol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is 22% soluble in acetone, 18% in benzene, and I g dissolves in about 35 ml of ethanol.

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used to reduce pickle bloating, and as a pesticide and preservative for squash and strawberries.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'permissible use level is 65ppm.

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is one of the food additives found in red wine and was determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS).
To assay Dehydroacetic acid (DHA), add 500 mg to a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask and dissolve in 75 ml of neutral alcohol.

Following the addition of phenolphthalein T.S., titrate with 0.1 N NaOH to a pink end-point that persists for at least 30 s. Each ml of 0.1 N NaOH = 16.82 mg of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA).
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a synthetic chemical (no plant-based preservatives that meet our efficacy standards currently exist) that is considered to be a low hazard for human health and for the environment.



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is typically synthesized by the base-catalyzed dimerization of diketene .
A detailed procedure for its synthesis can be found in the Organic Syntheses Procedure .



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
The molecular formula of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is C8H8O4 .
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s molecular weight is 168.1467 .
The IUPAC Standard InChI of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c1-4-3-6 (10)7 (5 (2)9)8 (11)12-4/h3,7H,1-2H3 .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an odorless, colorless to white crystalline powder .
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is almost insoluble in water and moderately soluble in most organic solvents .
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has a melting point of 109 °C and a boiling point of 270 °C



IS DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) SAFE TO USE?
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in appropriate amounts.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is widely used and approved as a preservative in a variety of personal care products.

As always, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s always best to patch test new products and if you have sensitive skin or any known allergies, it's always best to consult a dermatologist before use.
Also, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s always good to check the product's ingredient list to ensure that it's free from any ingredients that you may be allergic to.



BENEFIT CLAIMS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
*Anti-Bacterial,
*Anti-Fungal,
*Broad pH Stability,
*Chemical Stability,
*Compatibility,
*Preservation,
*Superior Performance



CHARACTERS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is white or light yellow crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless, melting point 108-110 degrees, boiling point 270 degrees.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a low toxicity and high-efficiency antiseptic and mildew inhibitor.
Under acid and alkali conditions, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has a certain antibacterial effect, especially the strongest inhibitory effect on mold.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an effective disinfectant.



PREPARATION OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is prepared by the base-catalysed dimerization of diketene.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is commonly used organic bases include imidazole, DABCO, and pyridine.



FEATURE OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
1. Broad-spectrum preservative
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, mold, Escherichia coli and other microorganisms that can easily spoil food, beverages, pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetics.


2. Can inhibit the growth of yeast, mold and bacteria
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has a strong effect on yeast and mold that are easy to cause food spoilage.

The effective concentration of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is 0.05-0.1%, and the general dosage is 0.03-0.05%.
Basically, the antibacterial effect of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is not affected by the pH of the food or heating.


3. High relative stability
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has no special requirements for the external environment.

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can be used under normal temperature, pressure and humidity, and has no strict requirements for the production process.
Sodium dehydroacetate is very stable to light and heat, except that Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is not affected by acid and alkali conditions.


4. High safety
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a kind of food-safe preservative and antiseptic approved by FAO and WHO.

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can prevent or delay the formation of liver cancer in the gradual decomposition process in aqueous solution, and long-term contact will not cause irritating damage to the skin.
In terms of application, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) does not affect the taste and flavor of food



WHERE IS DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) FROM?
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is synthesized chemically and not derived from any plant or natural sources.



WHERE IS DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) USED?
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is commonly used as a preservative in a wide range of beauty products such as moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, and hair sprays.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA)?
*Preservative
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold, thereby extending the shelf life of the products.

*Eco-friendly
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is considered to be eco-friendly, it is biodegradable and non-toxic.

*Compatible with other preservatives
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is compatible with a wide range of other preservatives, which allows for a lower overall use level, making it a good option for formulating products.

*Efficacy
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has been shown to be highly effective in preventing the growth of bacteria and mold, which can help to ensure the safety and quality of beauty products.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Mechanism of Action
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) works by killing microorganisms and preventing their growth and reproduction, thus protecting cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
As for future directions, while specific research trends or advancements aren’t readily available, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) continues to be a subject of study in various fields due to its preservative properties and its role in cosmetic products



STORAGE OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
1. Store Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) in a cool, dry and well ventilated warehouse.
Keep Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) away from fire and heat.
Protect Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) from direct sunlight.
Package sealed.

2. Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) shall be stored separately from acids and edible chemicals, and mixed storage shall be avoided.
The storage area shall be equipped with appropriate materials to contain the leakage.



PREPARATION OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
1) Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is prepared from Ethyl acetoacetate by self-condensation under mildly alkaline conditions (Sodium bicarbonate).
2) by polymerization of Ketene, obtained by thermal decomposition of Acetone).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Appearance: Dehydroacetic Acid is a beige to light-yellow crystalline powder.
Odor: slight sourness
Molecular weight: 168.15 g/mol
Melting point: Approximately 109-111 °C (228-232°F)
Solubility of (25℃,g/100g): ethanol 3, glycol 1.7,
olive oil<1.6, glycerin<0.1, water<0.1.
Its pH value of a saturated aqueous solution is 4.
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Boiling point,℃: 269.9
Melting point,℃: 109.00 ~ 111.00
Flash point,℃: 157

Refractive index: 1.4611
Solubility: Slightly soluble in ethanol and cold water
Specification
Items: Specification
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Assay, %: 98.00~100.5 0 (On Dried Substance)
Melting Point,℃: 109.00~111.00
Loss on Drying, %: ≤1.00
Residue on Ignition, %: ≤0.10
Lead(as Pb), mg/kg: ≤0.50
IUPAC Name: 3-acetyl-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c1-4-3-6(10)7(5(2)9)8(11)12-4/h3,7H,1-2H3

InChI Key: PGRHXDWITVMQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES: CC1=CC(=O)C(C(=O)O1)C(=O)C
Molecular Formula: C8H8O4
DSSTOX Substance ID: DTXSID6020014
Molecular Weight: 168.15 g/mol
Physical Description: Dry Powder, Colorless odorless solid;
Highly reactive;
White to cream-colored solid;
White odorless powder;
Boiling Point: 269.9 °C @ 760 MM HG
Flash Point: 157 °C; 315 °F (OPEN CUP)

Solubility: (WT/WT) 22% IN ACETONE, 18% IN BENZENE, 5% IN METHANOL,
3% IN USP ETHANOL, 3% IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, 5% IN ETHER, 0.7% IN N-HEPTANE,
LESS THAN 0.1% IN GLYCEROL, 1.6% IN OLIVE OIL, 1.7% IN PROPYLENE GLYCOL,
LESS THAN 0.1% IN WATER AT 25 °C, SOL IN ALKALIES, water solubility = 690 mg/l @ 25 °C
Vapor Density: 5.8 (AIR= 1)
Vapor Pressure: 1.9 MM HG AT 100 °C
Color/Form: NEEDLES FROM WATER,
RHOMBIC NEEDLES OR PRISMS FROM ALCOHOL,
WHITE TO CREAM CRYSTALLINE POWDER,
COLORLESS POWDER, Colorless crystals
CAS RN: 520-45-6, 16807-48-0
Melting Point: 109-111 °C (SUBLIMES)

Chemical Properties:
Boiling Point: 269.9°C, 270°C (lit.), 270 °C; 518 °F; 543 K
Melting Point: 109-111°C, 111-113°C (lit.), 109 °C; 228 °F; 382 K
pH: 4-6, 4 (2g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, 2g/l,
Water Solubility: 500mg/L at 25℃
Viscosity: Low
Chemical formula: C8H8O4
Molar mass: 168.148 g·mol−1, 168.15 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals, Light yellow or cream,
Fine Crystalline Powder
Density: 1.1816 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure: 0.001 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: 1.4611 (estimate)
Flash point: 157°C

Storage temp.: Store below +30°C
Form: Fine Crystalline Powder
pKa: 5.53±0.40 (Predicted)
Odor: Almost odorless, slightly bitter-sweet taste
Stability: Stable, Incompatible with oxidizing agents,
bases, reducing agents
LogP: 0.78 at 20℃
FDA 21 CFR: 172.130, 175.105
Identifiers:
CBNumber: CB0139753
Molecular Formula: C8H8O4
Molecular Weight: 168.15 g·mol−1

MDL Number: MFCD00066709
MOL File: 520-45-6.mol
InChIKey: PGRHXDWITVMQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII: 2KAG279R6R
References:
Merck: 14,2865
BRN: 6129
CAS DataBase Reference: 520-45-6 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
NIST Chemistry Reference: Dehydroacetic Acid (520-45-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione (520-45-6)
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): DEHYDROACETIC ACID



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


Dehydrotdio toluidine
2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-7-sulfonic acid; 2-(4-AMINOPHENYL)-6-METHYL-1,3-BENZOTHIAZOLE-7-SULFONIC ACID; 2-(4-AMINOPHENYL)-6-METHYL-7-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFONIC ACID; 2-(4-AMINOPHENYL)-6-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-7-SULPHONIC ACID; 2-(P-AMINOPHENYL)-6-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-7-SULFONIC ACID; DEHYDROTHIO-P-TOLUIDINE-3-MONOSULFONIC ACID; DEHYDROTHIO-P-TOLUIDINE-3-SULFONIC ACID; DEHYDROTHIO-P-TOLUIDINESULFONIC ACID; P-(6-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE)ANILINE MONOSULFONIC ACID; 2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl-7-benzothiazolesulfonicaci; 2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiaz; 2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole-7-sulfonicacid; 2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazolesulfonicacid; 2-(p-aminophenyl)-6-methyl-7-benzothiazolesulfonicaci; 2-(p-aminophenyl)-6-methyl-7-benzothiazolesulfonicacid; 2-(p-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazolyl-7-sulfonicacid; dehydrothio-p-aminotoluenesulfonate; 2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzo[d]thiazole-7-sulfonic acid; Dehydrothio-4-Toluidine sulfonic Acid; Dehydrothio-p-Toluidine-7-Sulfonic Acid, Dry; Dehydrothio-p-Toluidine-7-Sulfonic Acid, Refined Grade CAS NO:130-17-6
DEHYMULS E
Dehypon Ls-54; C12-C14 Alcohols ethoxylated propoxylated; Alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated propoxylated; Alcohol-(C12-C14), ethoxylated & propoxylated; Ethoxylated propoxylated alcohols C12-14 CAS NO:68439-51-0
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL)
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is suitable for skin care emulsions.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is an O/W cream base.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a mixture of consistency giving factors and emulsifiers.

CAS: 25496-72-4
MF: C21H40O4
MW: 356.54
EINECS: 247-038-6

DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is used in face cleansing, baby care & cleansing, face-, color & body care products and sun-care (sun-protection, after-sun & self-tanning) products.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is prepared by esterification of commercial oleic acid that is derived either from edible sources or from tall oil fatty acids meeting the requirements of §172.862.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) contains glyceryl monooleate (C21H40O4 and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial oleic acid.
An antifog agent and dispersant.

DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL), commonly known as monoolein, is a glycerol monoester of oleic acid.
Pharmaceutically, DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is used as an emulsifier and permeation enhancer.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a 3-acyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl group is (9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a 3-acyl-sn-glycerol and a 1-oleoylglycerol.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) derives from an oleic acid.

DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 35-37 °C
Boiling point: 449.35°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.96 g/cm3 (25 ºC)
Refractive index: 1.4626 (589.3 nm 40℃)
FEMA: 2526 | GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE
Storage temp.: −20°C
Solubility chloroform: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: neat
Water Solubility: <3.57mg/L(30 ºC)
Stability: Hygroscopic
CAS DataBase Reference: 25496-72-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) (25496-72-4)

DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) has a faint fatty odor.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a polar lipid that swells in water to give several phases with different rheological properties Glyceryl monooleate is a mixture of the glycerides of oleic acid and other fatty acids, consisting mainly of monooleate.
The PhEur 6.3 describes DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) as being a mixture of monoacylglycerols, mainly monooleoylglycerol, together with variable quantities of di- and triacylglycerols.
They are defined by the nominal content of monoacylglycerols and obtained by partial glycerolysis of vegetable oils mainly containing triacylglycerols of oleic acid or by esterification of glycerol by oleic acid, this fatty acid being of vegetable or animal origin.
A suitable antioxidant may be added.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) occur as amber oily liquids, which may be partially solidified at room temperature and have a characteristic odor.

Uses
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is used to synthesize water soluble drugs in need of sustained-release for drug delivery.

Pharmaceutical Applications
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a polar lipid that swells in water to give several phases with different rheological properties.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is available in both nonemulsifying (n/e) and self-emulsifying (s/e) grades, the self-emulsifying grade containing about 5% of an anionic surfactant.
The nonemulsifying grade is used in topical formulations as an emollient and as an emulsifying agent for water-in-oil emulsions.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is also a stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions.
The self-emulsifying grade is used as a primary emulsifier for oil-in-water systems.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) in excess water, forming a highly ordered cubic phase that can be used to sustain the release of various water-soluble drugs.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is also the basis of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is reported to enhance transdermal and buccal penetration.

Production Methods
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is prepared by the esterification of glycerol with fatty acids, chiefly oleic acid.
As the fatty acids are not pure substances, but rather a mixture of fatty acids, the product obtained from the esterification will contain a mixture of esters, including stearic and palmitic.
Di- and triesters may also be present.
The composition and, therefore, the physical properties of DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) may thus vary considerably from manufacturer to manufacturer; e.g. the melting point may vary from 10–35°C.

Synonyms
Monoolein
111-03-5
Glyceryl monooleate
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl oleate
1-Monoolein
1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol
1-Oleoylglycerol
Glycerol 1-monooleate
Glyceryl oleate
Glycerin 1-monooleate
1-Glyceryl oleate
1-Monooleoyl-rac-glycerol
1-Monooleoylglycerol
rac-1-Monooleoylglycerol
1-Oleylglycerol
rac-1-Monoolein
Glyceryl 1-oleate
Aldo HMO
Aldo MO
alpha-Monoolein
Glycerol oleate
Olein, 1-mono-
Danisco MO 90
1-Mono(cis-9-octacenoyl)glycerol
Oleic monoglyceride
.alpha.-Monoolein
Glycerine monooleate
Oleoylglycerol
Olicine
Peceol
Supeol
GLYCEROL MONOOLEATE
Loxiol G 10
Sinnoester ogc
Oleic acid monoglyceride
Oleylmonoglyceride
Dimodan LSQK
Emalsy MO
Emalsy OL
Glycerol alpha-monooleate
Adchem GMO
Edenor GMO
Emcol O
Kessco GMO
Nikkol MGO
Glycerin monooleate
Mazol GMO
Monoglyceryl oleate
Olein, mono-
Monoolein (VAN)
Glycolube 100
25496-72-4
Rikemal ol 100
Aldo MO-FG
Arlacel 129
Dimodan GMO 90
Rikemal O 71D
Sunsoft O 30B
Kemester 2000
2,3-dihydroxypropyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate
Emasol MO 50
Alkamuls GMO 45LG
Emerest 2421
Monomuls 90018
AJAX GMO
Excel O 95F
Excel O 95N
Excel O 95R
Aldo 40
FEMA No. 2526
Canamex Glicepol 182
Emrite 6009
Oleoyl glycerol
Emuldan RYLO-MG 90
Atmer 1007
Dur-Em 204
1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-rac-glycerol
Dur-EM 114
Glyceryl Monooleate (VAN)
1-oleoyl glycerol
Oleic acid glycerol monoester
Emery oleic acid ester 2221
HSDB 493
Monooleoylglycerol
CHEBI:75342
Glycerol alpha-cis-9-octadecenate
GMO 8903
Oleic acid, monoester with glycerol
EINECS 247-038-6
9-OCTADECENOIC ACID (Z)-, 2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL ESTER
Glyceryl monooleate [NF]
MFCD00042735
OL 100
Glycerol, 1-mono (9-octa-decenoate)
UNII-C4YAD5F5G6
UNII-D3AEF6S35P
NSC-406285
Emerest 2400
Glycerol .alpha.-monooleate
S 1096R
D3AEF6S35P
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
1,2,3-Propanetriol mono((Z)-9-octadecenoate)
S 1096
S 1097
EINECS 203-827-7
Glycerol .alpha.-cis-9-octadecenate
NSC 406285
Glycerides, C14-18 and C16-18-unsatd. mono- and di-
9-Octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0)[rac]
9-Octadecenoicacid(Z)-,2,3-dihydroxypropylester
oleoyl-glycerol
mono-olein
rac 1-Oleoyl Glycerol-d5
9-Octadecenoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
monolein
Glycerol 1-oleate
67701-32-0
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
2,3-dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
rac 1-Oleoyl Glycerol
Rylo MG 19
rac-Glycerol 1-monooleate
Glyceryl cis-9-octadecenoate
Ablunol GMO
DL-a-Monoolein
Glycerol-1-oleate
glyceryl mono-oleate
Dimodan MO 90
1-(cis-9-Octadecenoyl)-rac-glycerol
Witconol 2421
dl-.alpha.-Monoolein
Glyceryl monooleate 40
Glyceryl monooleate 60
Glyceryl monooleate 90
Glyceryl monooleate 40%
Glyceryl monooleate 90%
D02XKE
C4YAD5F5G6
Olein, mono-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanediol monoester
Olein, 1-mono- (8CI)
SCHEMBL15603
1-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol
1-GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE
9-Octadecenoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, (Z)-
Mazol 300 K (Salt/Mix)
2,3 - dihydroxypropyl oleate
1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol
CHEMBL428593
GTPL5756
DTXSID3042003
1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%
GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE [FHFI]
EINECS 266-951-0
OLEATE, 2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL
BDBM50529937
LMGL01010005
NSC406285
AKOS015966695
BS-1088
DB13171
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl 9-cis-octadecenoate
LS-98319
SDA 04-002-00
HY-128754
CS-0102558
G0082
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-9-octadecenoate #
1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol, technical, ~40% (TLC)
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
W-109408
W-110892
MG (18:1/0:0/0:0)
Q27071132
9-Octadecenenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
9-octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (9Z)-
9-Octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (Z)-
CFF6FE9F-EF1B-4B03-88B1-5421DCF14582
Glycerides, C14-18 and C16-18-unsatd. mono-and di-
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (9CI)
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (9CI)
925-14-4
DEHYPON LS 54
N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ISOPROPANOLAMINE; Diethanolisopropanolamine; Diethyl Isopropanol Amine;DiethanolisopropanolaMine (DEIPA); 2,2'-(2-Hydroxypropylimino)bisethanol; 2,2'-[(2-Hydroxypropyl)imino]bisethanol; 1-[BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINO]-2-PROPANOL; 2-Propanol, 1-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-; N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ISOPROPANOLAMINE; 1-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propane-2-ol;1-[bis-2-hydroxy-ethyl-amino]-propan-2-ol CAS NO:6712-98-7
DEHYQUART L 80 T
Dehyquart L 80 T is a yellowish pumpable clear to slightly turbid liquid.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a conditioning agent for all kind of hair care preparations.


CAS Number: 57-55-6
INCI Name: Dicocoylethyl Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate (and) Propylene Glycol
classification: Cationic surfactant, hair conditioner
Display name: Dicocoylethylhydroxyethylmonium methosulfate PG



Dehyquart L 80 T is dicocoylethyl Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate (and) Propylene Glycol.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a cationic, conditioning agent.
Dehyquart L 80 T provides substantivity & has a positive influence on the dry and wet combability.


When combined with consistency giving, emulsifying & additional hair care ingredients Dehyquart L 80 T is suitable for preparation of simple hair conditioning creams and emulsions.
Dehyquart L 80 T is used in hair treatment products.


The shelf life of the Dehyquart L 80 T is one year.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a conditioning agent for all kind of hair care preparations.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a cationic, conditioning agent.


Dehyquart L 80 T provides substantivity & has a positive influence on the dry and wet combability.
When combined with consistency giving, emulsifying & additional hair care ingredients Dehyquart L 80 T is suitable for preparation of simple hair conditioning creams and emulsions.


Dehyquart L 80 T is used in hair treatment products.
The shelf life of the Dehyquart L 80 T is one year.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a yellowish pumpable clear to slightly turbid liquid.


Dehyquart L 80 T is a highly concentrated product produced from coconut fatty acid whose liquid consistency makes it easy to process.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a surfactant.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a liquid.


Dehyquart L 80 T is Dicocoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium metosulfate and propylene glycol.
Use levels of Dehyquart L 80 T is 1-5% active.
Dehyquart L 80 T is an 80% active material that uses propylene glycol to reduce viscosity.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Dehyquart L 80 T is a cationic, conditioning agent.
Dehyquart L 80 T provides substantivity & has a positive influence on the dry and wet combability.
When combined with consistency giving, emulsifying & additional hair care ingredients Dehyquart L 80 T is suitable for preparation of simple hair conditioning creams and emulsions.


Dehyquart L 80 T is used in hair treatment products.
Dehyquart L 80 T is mainly used as a conditioning component in hair aftertreatment agents.
Historically, Dehyquart L 80 T is used in hair care but may be used in skin care.


Dehyquart L 80 T is used hair Colorants, Hair Conditioning, Hair Treatment, Pet Care.
The favourable application characteristics of Dehyquart L 80 T allow the realization of modern hair care concepts.
Dehyquart L 80 T shows the good dermatological compatibility that is characteristic of this class of products.


Dehyquart L 80 T is used Cationic surfactant.
Cationic surfactant, Dehyquart L 80 T, has significant antistatic effect and has a good closing effect on hair scales.
Dehyquart L 80 T can be used in cream and lotion hair care products.


This quaternary compound, Dehyquart L 80 T, is mainly used as a conditioning component in hair aftertreatment agents.
Dehyquart L 80 T is used Hair.
Applications of Dehyquart L 80 T: Anti-static agent, cheater wax, dust mop treatment.



CHEMICAL FUNCTION OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Conditioning Agent



CLAIMS OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Conditioning Agents
*combing (wet)
*combing (dry)
*substantivity



CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Dehyquart L 80 T is mixture of conditioning agent and propylene glycol



FUNCTIONS OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Conditioner
*Cationic



FEATURES OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Dehyquart L 80 T is an ester cation that is mainly used as a conditioning ingredient in rinses and treatments to improve dry and wet combability.



FUNCTIONS OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Antistatic :
Dehyquart L 80 T reduces static electricity by neutralizing electrical charge on a surface
*Hair conditioning :
Dehyquart L 80 T leaves hair easy to comb, soft, soft and shiny and / or confers volume, lightness and shine



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Physical form: Liquid
Molecular weight: approx. 680 g/mol
INCI name(s): Dicocoylethyl Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate (and) Propylene Glycol
Appearance at room temperature: Clear to cloudy, yellowish liquid
Odor at room temperature: Corresponds to the standard
Cationic surfactant (MW 680): 74.0 - 79.0 %
Water content (Karl-Fischer): max. 2.0 %
Acid value max.: 12.0 mg KOH/g
Color number: max. 5.0
pH value (5 %): 2.0 - 3.5



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


DEHYQUART L 80 T
Dehyquart L 80 T, a highly concentrated productproduced from coconut fatty acid whose liquid consistency makes it easy to process.
The favourable application characteristics allow the realization of modern hair care concepts.
DehyquartL 80 T shows the good dermatological compatibility that is characteristic of this class of products.

CAS: 91995-81-2
EINECS: 295-344-3

Synonyms
Ester Quaternary Ammonium Salt,Ester Quats,Di(palmiticcarboxyethyl) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Ammonium Methylsulfate;Ester Quats;Fatty acids, C10-20 and C16-18-unsatd., reaction products with triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate-quaternized;Di(tallow-carboxyethyl)hydroxyethylmethylammoniummethylsulfate;Fettsuren, C10-20- und C16-18-ungesttigt, Reaktionsprodukte mit Triethanolamin, Dimethylsulfat-quaternisiert;Fatty acids, (C=10-20) and (C=16-18)-unsated., reaction products with triethanol amine, di-Me sulfate-quaternized;Triethanolamine dimethosulfate-fatty acid reaction product;Palm-based Ester quats (EQ) for Fabric Softeners,same as STEPANTEX SP-90

Thus Dehyquart L 80 T Esterquat can also be used for the production of leave-on hair care preparations which produce lasting effects on hair such as reduced static charge and improved wet and dry combability.
In combination with the modern care additives Lamesoft PW 45 or LamesoftPO 65, cold processable and sprayable mild hair care preparations (leave-on) can be easily produced.
Dehyquart L 80 T also exerts a positive influence on the “hair feel”, which is an important criterion for consumer acceptance.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a conditioning agent for all kind of hair care preparations.

Dehyquart L 80 T's surfactant properties make it effective in cleaning and care applications.
Dehyquart L 80 T can be found in products such as detergents, cleaning sprays, and other household cleaning products.
The versatility and effectiveness make Ester Quats, or Ester Quaternary Ammonium Salt a valuable ingredient in various industries.
Despite its chemical nature, the fact that Dehyquart L 80 T is made from vegetable origin makes it a more environmentally friendly option compared to other surfactants.

Dehyquart L 80 T is a surfactant whose chemical structure contains palmitic acid and ethoxy groups.
Dehyquart L 80 T has a strong surface active ability, can be used as emulsifier, thickener, dispersant and antistatic agent. Widely used in cosmetics, household cleaners, dyes, coatings and paper manufacturing industries.
The preparation method of ammonium salt of double palm carboxyethyl Hydroxyethyl methyl sulfate includes obtaining palmitoyl ethoxyethanol by esterification reaction of palmitic acid and ethoxyethanol, and then carrying out sulfation with formic acid, the final product is obtained by The ammonification reaction.
During use, Dehyquart L 80 T is necessary to note that the substance may be irritating to the skin and eyes, and contact with the skin and eyes should be avoided.
At the same time, Dehyquart L 80 T should be stored in a dry, cool place, and away from fire and oxidizing agents.
When disposing of waste, Dehyquart L 80 T is necessary to comply with relevant environmental protection regulations.

Uses
Fatty acids, C10-20 and C16-18-unsatd., reaction products with triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate-quaternised is an ester base quaternary ammonium Salt Ester base quaternary ammonium salt is a new type of cationic surfactant with excellent softness, anti-static and anti-yellowing properties.
They can be used as household softeners, fibre antistatic agents, industrial finishing additives, hair dyes and fuel additives.

Dehyquart L 80 T is a cationic surfactant of the new generation of ester quats.
The main characteristic is good softness and prominent biodegradation, excellent compatibility, dispersion, circulation moisturizing etc.
Dehyquart L 80 T is the latest international environmental protection softener raw materials.
In the industrial and civil used as softener also won't appear to become yellow even use high concentration products.
Dehyquart L 80 T's more suitable to produce concentrated products compared with the similar products, also suitable to be made into liquid products, and the concentrated products can be as high as 30%, convenient to produce emulsion and form the stable emulsion.
Widely used in antistatic, fabric softener, industrial finishing fertilizer, hair dye and finishing agent additive, etc.
DEHYTON DC
Dehyton DC is an amphoteric surfactant, suitable for shampoos, shower and bath preparations and skin cleansers.
Furthermore, Dehyton DC is a well compatible, amphoteric surfactant.

Dehyton DC is a fatty acid amide derivative with amphoteric structure.
The shelf life of Dehyton DC is 6 months.

Cas Number: 68650-39-5



APPLICATIONS


Dehyton DC is a mild surfactant.
Moreover, Dehyton DC is often used as the standard for mildness for low irritation baby shampoos.
Dehyton DC is derived from coconut oil.

Dehyton DC is supplied as a clear golden liquid, viscous with no odor.
Besides, Dehyton DC is often used in body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, creams, hand soaps, baby products, hair conditioners, cream rinses at a use level of 4-40%.

Dehyton DC is a very soft amphoteric surface-active agent, compatible with anionic, cationic (conditioning agent, germicides) and nonionic materials.
In addition, Dehyton DC is stable over a wide range of pH (2-13).

Dehyton DC has very good foaming performance not affected by the hardness of water or changes of pH.
More to that, Dehyton DC functions as cleanser / exfoliant.

Dehyton DC can be used as foaming agent.
Further to that, Dehyton DC can be used as rheology / viscosity modifier or amphoteric surfactant.


Benefits of Using Dehyton DC:

Non irritant
Cleansing / Purifying
Mildness
Booster Effect


Applications of Dehyton DC:

Shower gels
Baby formulations
Soaps
Body Wash
Bubble bath
Facial Cleansers
Make Up & Color Cosmetics
Make Up Removal
Lotions
Shampoos

Dehyton DC is preservative Free.
Additionally, Dehyton DC is vegan and cruelty free.

Dehyton DC is derived from non-food competing Palm Kernel oil.


Dehyton DC is a mild amphoteric surfactant with light color, low viscosity, low irritation, high foamability and high thickening ability.
Furthermore, Dehyton DC is widely used in mild shampoo, body wash, facial cleanser, hand soap, shaving products and so on, as primary or secondary surfactant.

In combination with anionic surfactants, synergistic effects are achieved which lead to a dermatologically improved final product.
Dehyton DC is used in liquid soaps, personal care wipes, shampoos, shower/bath formulas, facial cleansing and baby care & cleansing products.

Dehyton DC is a coco substituted imidazoline amphoteric surfactant.
This high foaming surfactant can be easily used in a broad number of personal care applications where mildness, foaming, and compatibility are important.


Uses of Dehyton DC:

Amphoteric surfactant, suitable for shampoos, shower and bath preparations and skin cleansers.
Cleanser / Exfoliant
Foaming agent (Personal Care)
Rheology / Viscosity modifier (Personal Care)
Surfactant (Personal Care)


Dehyton DC is the lauryl sulfate salt of an amphoteric surfactant derived from coconut imidozoline.
Moreover, Dehyton DC functions as a mild detergent, excellent foaming agent, and foam stabilizer in shampoos, baby baths, and industrial cleaners.

Dehyton DC is also used as a high-foaming surfactant for low irritation shampoos, bubble baths and body cleaners, and as a low-irritation detergent for shampoos and skin cleaners.
Besides, Dehyton DC can be used in shampoos, shower and bath preparations, skin cleansers, facial cleansing, baby care, liquid soaps and toilet soaps

Dehyton DC cleans the skin/hair by enabling water to mix with oil & dirt particles and rinse them off the surface.
In addition, Dehyton DC cleanses the skin/hair without stripping it of its natural oils and is thus incorporated into many "moisturizing" cosmetic cleaning products.


Skin care:

Dehyton DC is used in a wide variety of skin care products such as facial cleanser, body wash, acne treatment, exfoliant/scrub, mascara and eye makeup remover.


Hair care:

Dehyton DC is used as a hair conditioning agent, as it helps improve the look and feel of dry & damaged hair by restoring it with body, suppleness and sheen.
More to that, Dehyton DC is used in shampoo, baby shampoo, hair mask and conditioner.


Applications of Dehyton DC:

Baby Care and Cleansing
Face Cleansing
Liquid Soap
Personal Care Wipes
Shampoo
Shower/Bath Products


Dehyton DC is a synthetic amphoteric surfactant routinely used in personal care products.

Spesific applications of Dehyton DC:


Infant bath and shampoo
Shower gel
Facial cleanser
Hand sanitizer
Detergent
Cleaner


Recommended usage of Dehyton DC is 1-20%.



DESCRIPTION


Dehyton DC is a well compatible, amphoteric surfactant.
Further to that, Dehyton DC is a fatty acid amide derivative with amphoteric structure.

Dehyton DC is a surfactant that can be used as an antimicrobial agent.
Additionally, Dehyton DC is also a component of the analytical method for measuring fatty acids in plant material.

Dehyton DC has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Furthermore, Dehyton DC does not interact with the hydroxyl group of the fatty acid, but reacts with the acidic hydrogen on the carboxyl group, which leads to oxidation and degradation of the molecule.
Dehyton DC can be used for wastewater treatment and as an oxidation catalyst in organic synthesis.

Dehyton DC is a mild amphoteric surfactant of light color, low viscosity, low irritation, high foamability and high thickening ability.
Moreover, Dehyton DC is widely used in mild shampoo, body wash, facial cleanser, hand soap, shaving products, as primary or secondary surfactant.

Dehyton DC works as a mild foaming agent, cleanser and skin/hair conditioner.
As a foam booster, Dehyton DC increases a solution's foaming capacity by increasing the surface viscosity of the liquid which surrounds the individual bubbles in a foam.

Dehyton DC is a good foam booster and conditioning agent used in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products, particularly in face cleansers, scrubs and shaving creams.
Besides, Dehyton DC is mild to skin.

Dehyton DC makes cloth soft and smooth.
In addition, Dehyton DC makes hair soft, easy to comb, glossy and shiny.



PROPERTIES


Boiling Point: 100°C
Melting Point: -12°C
pH: 8.0
Solubility: Soluble in water
Appearance: Liquid.
Colour: Yellow.
Odour Characteristic:
Odour threshold: Not available.
pH (10% aqueous): 8.0 - 9.0
Melting point: Not available.
Initial boiling point and range: > 100°C/212°F
Flash point: Not available.
Evaporation rate: > 1
Flammability (solid, gas): Not applicable.
Flammability Limit - Lower(%): Not applicable.
Vapour pressure: ~20 mm Hg @ 25°C
Vapour density: > 1
Relative density: 1.15 - 1.20 @ 25°C
Solubility(ies): Soluble in water.
Partition coefficient: Not available.
Auto-ignition temperature: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: Not available.
Viscosity: 3000 max @ 25°C
Explosive properties: Not applicable.
Oxidising properties: Not applicable.
Other information: None.
Pour Point: Not available.
Freezing Point: Not available.
Surface Tension: Not available.



FIRST AID


Eye contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids.
Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes.
Get medical attention.


Inhalation:

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial
respiration or oxygen by trained personnel.
It may be dangerous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Get medical attention if adverse health effects persist or are severe.
If unconscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately.

Maintain an open airway.
Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.


Skin contact:

Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.

Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes.
Get medical attention.

Wash clothing before reuse.
Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.


Ingestion:

Wash out mouth with water.
Remove dentures if any.
Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

If material has been swallowed and the exposed person is conscious, give small quantities of water to drink.
Stop if the exposed person feels sick as vomiting may be dangerous.

Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
If vomiting occurs, the head should be kept low so that vomit does not enter the lungs.

Get medical attention if adverse health effects persist or are severe.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
If unconscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately.

Maintain an open airway.
Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Protective measures:

Put on appropriate personal protective equipment.
Do not ingest.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing.

Avoid breathing vapor or mist.
Keep in the original container or an approved alternative made from a compatible material, kept tightly closed when not in use.

Empty containers retain product residue and can be hazardous.
Do not reuse container


Advice on general occupational hygiene:

Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed.
Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking.
Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.


Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Store in accordance with local regulations.
Store in original container protected from
direct sunlight in a dry, cool and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials and food and drink.

Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use.
Containers that have been opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Do not store in unlabeled containers.
Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination.



SYNONYMS


DEHYTON® DC
DITEROL® G36
Cola® Det BSC (D)
Cola® Det GBP (D)
Cola® Det MCA-2 (D)
Cola® Det MS-1 (D)
Cola® Teric CDCX-50 (D)
Crodateric™ CDA 40
Euroglyc D
Euroglyc MD
PEL-AMPH™ 2C
Rewoteric® AM 2 C NM
HETAINE CDA
HETOXIDE MSC
TC-MAB 40CD
EMPIGEN® 5151
EMPIGEN® CDR 2M
Jeeteric CDX-38
Jeeteric CM-36S
Betadet® THC-2
LAKTONE 2SCA
Amphoterge® W-2
Schercoteric™ MS-2 50 Imidazolinium Amphoteric
Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate
MICONOL 2MCA
MICONOL C2M
MICONOL C2M(H)
Ampholak® MSX-2
Ampholak® XCO-30
CalBlend® FREE
Proteric™ CDL
Proteric™ CDX-38
RITAFACTANT 40 CD
Mackadet® BSC-NAD
Mackam® 2C
Mackam® 2C-75
Mackam® 2C-LV
Mackam® 2CT
Sopal 2690
Sopalteric DSC-90 LV
Sopalteric DSCYA-27
Abluter DCM
KlenSoft II™
KlenSoft™
AMPHOTENSID GB 2009 SP
TEQPON D
Amphotensid 9M
Amphotensid GLX
Amphotensid MIPA
amphosol 2C
amphoterge W2
cocoamphocarboxyglycinate
miranol C2M conc NP
schercoteric MS 2
Empigen CDR 40
Mackam 2C
Miracare 2MCAS
Miranol C 2M
Miranol C 2M Conc.
Miranol C 2M Concentrate
Miranol C 2M-NP
Miranol C 2M-NP-HV
Miranol C2M Conc. NP
Miranol C2M Concentrate NP
Monateric 805
Monateric CDX 38
Monateric CLV
Rewoteric AM 2C-NM
Delta 3 carene
Benzoate de denatonium; Benzyl diethyl [(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl] ammonium benzoate; Denatoniumbenzoat; Benzoato de denatonio; Lidocaine benzyl benzoate; N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl­carbamoyl)­ methyl]­benzyl ammonium benzoate; Bitrex CAS NO:3734-33-6
DENATONIUM
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex.
Denatonium of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.

CAS: 3734-33-6
MF: C28H34N2O3
MW: 446.58
EINECS: 223-095-2

Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.
They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
Denatonium is not known to pose any long-term health risks.

The name Denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.
Denatonium is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.
For example, Denatonium has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Moreover, Denatonium has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Denatonium is the best denaturant for alcohols and the world's bitterest known substance, adding as little as thirty parts to one million parts of a liquid makes that liquid too bitter to be tolerated by most human subjects, and because Denatonium is so bitter that it is commonly added to household items and outdoor products to prevent accidental poisonings.

Denatonium Chemical Properties
Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Fp: 100℃
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility methanol: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Solid
Color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,2891
BRN: 8179408
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 3734-33-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Denatonium (3734-33-6)

Structure, synthesis, and physical properties
Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.
Denatonium can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.
To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make Denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.

Biochemistry
Denatonium in humans is recognized by eight distinct bitter taste receptors: TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R39, TAS2R43, TAS2R16, TAS2R46, and TAS2R47, being by far the most sensitive to the compound.
Denatonium can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.

Uses
Added to toxic substances as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Can replace brucine or quassin as denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium is used in air care products.
Denatonium acts as H1 antihistamine.
In addition to this, Denatonium is used as a disinfectant.

The bitterness of the compound guides most applications of denatonium.
Denatonium is used to denature ethanol so that it is not treated as an alcoholic beverage with respect to taxation and sales restrictions.
One designation in particular, SD-40B, indicates that ethanol has been denatured using denatonium benzoate.
Denatonium is commonly included in placebos used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of certain medications.

Denatonium also discourages consumption of poisonous alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.
Denatonium is also added to many kinds of harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, varnishes, toiletries and other personal care items, special nail polish for preventing nail biting, and various other household products.
Denatonium is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas dusters) to discourage inhalant abuse of the volatile vapors.

In 1995, the U.S. state of Oregon required that denatonium benzoate be added to products containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid to prevent poisonings of children and animals.
In December 2012, U.S. manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add Denatonium to antifreeze sold nationwide.

Animals are known to have different sensitivities to the effects of denatonium.
Denatonium is used in some animal repellents (especially for such large mammals as deer).
Denatonium has been used to safeguard rat poisons from human consumption, as humans are able to detect denatonium at much lower concentrations than rodents.
Nintendo Switch game cards are coated in Denatonium to prevent young children from consuming them.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation Denatonium has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.

Synonyms
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Anispray
Gori
Denatonium benzoate anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Caswell No. 083BB
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
Denatonii benzoas
WIN 16568
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
Denatonium benzoate [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
NSC 157658
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
CAS-3734-33-6
DTXCID6014376
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Denathonium benzoate
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium benzoate, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [MI]
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INN]
C21H29N2O.C7H5O2
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Benzenemethanaminium, N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl) amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, analytical standard
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
LS-16789
SMR001233385
SY075333
C21-H29-N2-O.C7-H5-O2
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium benzoate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-[2-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethylbenzenemethana minium benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Bencenometanaminio, N-[2-[(2,6-dimetilfenil) amino]-2-oxoetil]-N,N-dietil-, benzoato (1:1)
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
N-[2-[(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethylbenzenemethanaminium benzoate (1:1)
DENATONIUM
Denatonium is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
If we set the bitter degree of quinine as datum 1, the degree of bitterness of the product would be 1000.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

CAS: 3734-33-6
MF: C28H34N2O3
MW: 446.58
EINECS: 223-095-2

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.
For example, Denatonium has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Moreover, Denatonium has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex.
Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.
Denatonium used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
Denatonium is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.

Chemical Properties
Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive Index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Fp: 100℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility: Methanol 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Solid
Color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,2891
BRN: 8179408
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 3734-33-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Denatonium (3734-33-6)

Chemical Structure
Denatonium is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of the quaternary ammonium cation and inert anion such as benzoic acid or saccharin anion.
The structure of Denatonium's cation form is similar to that of a local anesthetic lidocaine with the only difference being an additional benzyl functional group located on the nitrogen atom of the amino.

Uses
Added to toxic substances as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Can replace brucine or quassin as denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.

The bitterness of the compound guides most applications of denatonium.
Denatonium is used to denature ethanol so that it is not treated as an alcoholic beverage with respect to taxation and sales restrictions.
One designation in particular, SD-40B, indicates that ethanol has been denatured using Denatonium.
Denatonium is commonly included in placebos used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of certain medications.
Denatonium also discourages consumption of poisonous alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.
Denatonium is also added to many kinds of harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, varnishes, toiletries and other personal care items, special nail polish for preventing nail biting, and various other household products. It is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas dusters) to discourage inhalant abuse of the volatile vapors.

In 1995, the U.S. state of Oregon required that Denatonium be added to products containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid to prevent poisonings of children and animals.
In December 2012, U.S. manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add Denatonium to antifreeze sold nationwide.
Animals are known to have different sensitivities to the effects of denatonium.
Denatonium is used in some animal repellents (especially for such large mammals as deer).
Denatonium has been used to safeguard rat poisons from human consumption, as humans are able to detect denatonium at much lower concentrations than rodents.
Nintendo Switch game cartridges are coated in denatonium benzoate to prevent young children from consuming them.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Further, Denatonium is used in air care products.
Denatonium acts as H1 antihistamine.
In addition to this, Denatonium is used as a disinfectant.

Production Methods
Denatonium was first synthesized in the 1950s and is usually prepared by reacting denatonium chloride with benzyl benzoate.
Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.
Denatonium can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.

To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
Preparation of Denatonium of pure quaternary salts from pure quaternary hydroxide, 100 gram (0.29 mol) of denatonium hydroxide was added to 150 ml of acetone at 30- 35 °C.
A solution of 38.91 gram (0.319 mol) of benzoic acid in 150 ml of acetone was added at 30-35 °C, i.e. 1.1 mol benzoic acid against 1 mol denatonium hydroxide, and the thus obtained mixture was stirred for 30 min at this temperature and 2.0 hrs at 30- 35 °C.

Synonyms
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Denatonium benzoate anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
WIN 16568
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
NSC 157658
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
Anispray
CAS-3734-33-6
Gori
DTXCID6014376
Caswell No. 083BB
Denatonii benzoas
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
Denatonium benzoate [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium benzoate, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [MI]
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INN]
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Denatonium benzoate, analytical standard
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
SMR001233385
SY075333
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium benzoate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM
Denatonium is a white, odorless, and mostly tasteless crystalline powder.
Denatonium is added to cleaning agents, detergents, and other household chemicals to prevent accidental ingestion and reduce the risk of poisoning.
Denatonium is included in automotive products like antifreeze and windshield washer fluids to deter ingestion, particularly by children and pets.

CAS Number: 3734-33-6
Molecular Formula: C28H34N2O3
Molecular Weight: 446.58
EINECS Number: 223-095-2

Denatonium, often referred to as the "most bitter substance in the world," is a chemical compound that belongs to a class of chemicals known as bittering agents.
Denatonium is often used to make various products unpalatable by adding an extremely bitter taste to them.
Denatonium is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of the quaternary ammonium cation and inert anion such as benzoic acid or saccharin anion.

Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
For example, it has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Moreover, Denatonium has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.

Denatonium is used in some nail polish removers to make them taste bitter and unpalatable, preventing nail-biting.
Some personal care items, such as nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, may contain denatonium to discourage tasting or swallowing.
In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium is used to prevent misuse or accidental ingestion.

Denatonium is added to denatured alcohol to deter its consumption, as it is not intended for drinking.
Certain paints and coatings may incorporate denatonium to discourage consumption, which could be harmful.

Denatonium can be used to create an aversion to certain behaviors or habits by pairing them with the extremely bitter taste of denatonium.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark.

Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.

They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.

Denatonium has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

Denatonium, also called Benzenemethanaminium and Benzyl diethyl ((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl) ammonium benzoate, is the bitterest compound known.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Connect Chemicals is the appointed distributor of the Denatonium product range of Wincom is a leading manufacturer of Denatonium located in the United States.

The primary use of Denatonium is for taste a version purposes for poison prevention.
Denatonium not only leaves a bitter flavor in the liquids, but also leaves a bitter residue on objects, like screens and keyboards, that may transfer to hands and cause problems (such as when eating).
Denatonium is not intended for use in any products or chemicals in which the intention is human ingestion.

Denatonium is a white powder with a water solubility of 42 grams per liter.
One gram of Denatonium can produce an extremely bitter and unpleasant taste in 100 liters of water (30 gallons).
Denatonium is so bitter that humans and pets can't stand it.

Denatonium is the active ingredient in products such as Tree Guard and Bitrex.
Denatonium is also used in combination with bad smelling compounds to repel animals.
Denatonium is a bittering agent.

Denatonium is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.
Commercially, Denatonium is available as a white crystalline powder, but Denatonium granules or solutions are also available.
Additionally, used in products like soap, animal repellents, antifreeze.

The structure of its cation form is similar to that of a local anesthetic lidocaine with the only difference being an additional benzyl functional group located on the nitrogen atom of the amino.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation Denatonium has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Denatonium is added to various household products like cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents to deter accidental ingestion.

This helps reduce the risk of poisoning.
Denatonium, often referred to as Bitrex, is a chemical compound primarily used as a bittering agent.
Denatonium is known for being one of the most bitter substances known to humans.

Denatonium is commonly added to a wide range of products to make them unpalatable, thereby discouraging ingestion or consumption, especially by children, pets, or individuals seeking to misuse these products.
Denatonium is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

Denatonium does, however, cause a very bitter taste in humans and most animals at concentrations in the parts per million range.
Denatonium's disgusting taste can be used as a deterrent on products that are not intended for consumption and / or is harmful upon consumption.
Nintendo Switch game cards are coated with Denatonium to prevent young children from consuming them.

Denatonium is used as a solvent in the food and beverage industry and in many home and personal care products.
Denatonium, commonly found as Denatonium and Denatonium Saccharide, is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitter thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
They are used as deterrents (bitterness) to prevent chemical and dangerous products from being swallowed improperly.

Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, breathing mask compatibility test, repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Denatonium (de-an-TOE-nee-um BEN-zoh-ate) is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.

Although Denatonium has a powerful taste, it is colorless and odorless.
The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of Denatonium.
Solutions of Denatonium in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.

Exposure to light does not lessen the Denatonium's bitter taste.
Denatonium, also known as denatonium saccharide, is a bitter chemical compound used to denature ethanol so it is not considered an alcoholic beverage and in clinical trials to replicate the bitter taste of some medications.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Denatonium (Denatrol) with CAS 3734-33-6 is a bittering agent used as an aversion additive in various chemical and manufactured products.
Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.

Denatonium can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.
To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.

Denatonium is one of the most bitter substances known.
Just a few parts per million will make a product so bitter that children and pets will not be able to swallow it.
Denatonium makes sweet but highly toxic products such as antifreeze and detergents taste foul.

Research shows that people can detect Denatonium in water at 50 parts per billion.
Denatonium is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.

Some automotive products, such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain Denatonium to prevent accidental ingestion, which could be harmful.
Certain paints and coatings may include Denatonium to discourage consumption, which could be toxic.
Nail polish removers may contain Denatonium to make them taste bad, preventing ingestion.

Some personal care products, like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, use Denatonium to make them unappealing to taste.
In some cases, Denatonium is used in medications to deter misuse or accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

Denatonium is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an antinailbiting preparation.
Denatonium is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

However,there has been a single report of contact urticaria attributed to Denatonium occurring in a 30-year-old man who developed asthma and pruritus after using an insecticidal spray denatured with Denatonium.
Denatonium is an ionized compound made up of a negatively charged benzoic acid and quaternary ammonium cation (denatonium).
Denatonium is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm.
Denatonium is also stable and inert.

In addition, so little is needed that the properties of the product remain unchanged.
Denatonium can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.
Denatonium is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.

Denatonium is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
The bitterness of the compound guides most of the Denatonium applications.
Denatonium is used to denature ethanol so that Denatonium is not treated as an alcoholic beverage in terms of taxation and sales restrictions.

A particular designation states that ethanol has been denatured using Denatonium.
Denatonium is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of some drugs.
Denatonium (Bitrex) also discourages the consumption of harmful alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.

Denatonium is also added to many harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, polishes, toiletries and other personal care products, special nail polish to prevent nail biting, and various other household products.
Denatonium is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas jets) to avoid inhaled substance abuse of volatile vapors.
In 1995, the US state of Oregon required the addition of Denatonium to products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol to prevent.

In December 2012, US manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add Denatonium to antifreeze sold nationwide.
Denatonium is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.

Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatoniums claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - Denatonium is the most bitter substance yet discovered.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.

Denatonium is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium is used in air care products.
Denatonium acts as H1 antihistamine.

In addition to this, Denatonium is used as a disinfectant.
Ethanol or ethyl alcohol, sometimes just called Alcohol, is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
In the United States alcoholic beverages (liquor, wine, beer, etc.) are heavily taxed.

In order to avoid paying beverage taxes on alcohol that is not meant to be consumed (e.g., for use in cosmetic and personal care products), the alcohol must be denatured per specific formulations given by the U.S.
Discovered in 1958, it also has the tradename "Bitrex" (a trademark of UK company Macfarlan Smith).
As little as ten parts per million make substances unbearably bitter to most humans.

Denatonium is a white, odourless solid that is used as an aversive agent, i.e. an additive that prevents accidental ingestion of a toxic substance by humans, articularly children, and by animals.
Denatonium consists of benzoate (that is, the conjugate base of benzoic acid) and an ester of two PABA molecules.
Its structure is related to lidocaine, differing only by the addition of a benzene and benzoate ion in solution.

Denatonium's also similar in structure to other anesthetics like novocaine and cocaine.
Indeed, Denatonium was discovered during anesthetic research.
Denatonium benzoae, a white crystalline powder like many organic compounds, is not known to pose any long-term health risks although exposure may be irritating.

Government’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).
The process adds a small amount of a denaturant to the alcohol to make it taste bad, thus creating alcohol that is not suitable for drinking, but is otherwise similar for other purposes.
When used in products that are not food, beverages or oral drugs, many other countries, like the U.S., also require that alcohol be denatured.

Denatured alcohol is generally identified as Alcohol Denat. or specially Denatured (SD) Alcohol.
Denatonium, t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate are examples of denaturants permitted for use by the TTB and concluded to be safe for use in cosmetics.
Other countries have different rules on allowed denaturants so when formulating with local regulations.

Specific denatured alcohols containing these denaturants that are permitted for use in U.S. cosmetics and personal care products are SD Alcohol 3-A, SD Alcohol 30, SD Alcohol 39-B, SD Alcohol 39-C, SD Alcohol 40-B and SD Alcohol 40-C.
Denatonium (THS-839) is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
In addition, little is needed for the properties of the product to remain unchanged.

Often found as Denatonium and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known chemical compound, with bitter thresholds being 0.05. ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by MacFarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the Bitrex trademark.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.

Denatonium is chemical structure includes a benzoate group, which is a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid group, along with a denatonium cation.
The denatonium cation is the component responsible for its intensely bitter taste.
Denatonium is considered one of the most bitter substances known to humans.

Denatonium is often used as a reference point for measuring bitterness.
The bitter taste is so extreme that even in minute quantities, it can make a product unpalatable.
Denatonium is generally considered safe when used as intended in the recommended concentrations.

Denatonium is non-toxic and is not absorbed significantly through the skin, making it safe for use in a wide range of consumer products.
The use of Denatonium is subject to regulations in many countries.
There may be restrictions on its use in certain products, and there are guidelines on the maximum allowable concentration in specific applications.

Denatonium is also commonly known by its brand name Bitrex.
Bitrex is often used in marketing and labeling to indicate that a product contains Denatonium as a bittering agent.
Apart from the previously mentioned applications, Denatonium is used in various other products, such as denatured alcohol (to deter its consumption), some types of pesticides (to prevent oral ingestion), and even in some nail polishes to discourage nail-biting.

In some therapeutic contexts, Denatonium is used in taste aversion therapy.
This involves pairing the bitter taste of Denatonium with a specific behavior (e.g., smoking or nail-biting) to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.
Denatonium (THS-839) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.

Denatonium, commonly available as Denatonium (trade name Bitrex), is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Scientists in Scotland discovered Denatonium during research on anesthetic lidocaine derivatives.
Denatonium’ s extremely bitter taste has proven effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.

Denatonium is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain drugs.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptors in many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular dependent pathways.

Denatonium is one of the bitterest known substances. Just a few parts per million make a product so painful that kids and pets can't swallow Denatonium.
Sweet but highly toxic products such as Denatonium, antifreeze and detergents make their taste bad.
Studies show that humans can detect 50 parts per billion of Denatonium in water.

Denatonium is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm. Denatonium is also stable and inert.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.
They are used as deterrent agents (bitterness) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.

Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventative nail biting preparations, respiratory mask compatibility tests, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and even Nintendo Switch playing cards to prevent children from accidentally swallowing or suffocating.
Denatonium is the active ingredient in products such as "Off Limits Dog Training Spray", "Anit-Chew Bitter Spray for Pets", "Ultra-Bitter Training Aid Spray", and "Bitter YUCK! No Chew Dog, Cat & Horse Spray".

Some examples of products which contain Denatonium are antifreeze, detergents (in ethanol), floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Denatonium is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name Denatonium is a portmanteau word that reflects the primary use of the substance as a denaturant and Denatonium’s chemical structure as a cation, hence the New Latin suffix -onium.

Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.
The structure of denatonium is related to the local anesthetic lidocaine, which differs only by the addition of a benzyl group to amino nitrogen.

Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
One of the chemical names of the compound is lidocaine benzylbenzoate, but denatonium only refers to the quaternary ammonium cation species itself and does not require benzoate counterion.
Denatonium is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.

Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatonium's claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - Denatonium is the most bitter substance yet discovered.
This unreactive, colourless, odourless compound was first produced accidentally in 1958 by Scottish pharmaceutical manufacturer T & H Smith, later Macfarlan Smith, where researchers were experimenting with variants of an anaesthetic for dentists called lignocaine.

Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Flash point: 100℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: methanol: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,2891
BRN: 8179408
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃

Denatonium’ s bitter properties make Denatonium an excellent repellent and when added to phytosanitary products it contributes to inhibiting the feeding of animals on treated trees and plants.
Denatonium is odorless, colorless and non-reactive, making Denatonium a suitable additive that does not interfere with the primary purpose of the base compound.
Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant, possibly a combination of 20 in United States pictures.

Among these flavors, Denatonium with a bitter taste cause the most reactions.
Sensitivity to bitter flavors depends on genetics: The TAS2R38 gene determines a person's ability to detect bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, a component in tonic water.
People can typically feel things that taste sweet, sour, salty, salty, and bitter.

Denatonium is also the standard for this kind of bitter taste.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For Denatonium, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter can be noticed by humans.

Bitter substances such as Denatonium are useful as deterrent additives to prevent accidental ingestion of dangerous automotive compounds.
In Europe and some US states, ethylene glycol or Denatonium must be added to antifreeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergents, and insecticides contain certain amounts of Denatonium to deter oral consumption.

Denatonium is applied to the surfaces of toys as a painful substance to prevent significant consumption of hazardous substances.
Denatonium also applies to outdoor cables and wires to prevent rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium is a deterrent agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks, and rodenticides to suppress swallowing, especially when young children come into contact with these toxic substances.

Until now, the most common use of Denatonium is to denature alcohol so that Denatonium is unfit for human consumption and is exempted from the tariffs ormally valid for alcohol.
In recent years, its inclusion in household products, garden products, and cosmetics has been intensely promoted to prevent children from accidentally swallowing it.
A concentrated solution of Denatonium is available in the USA, which will be sold directly to the public in addition to household products.

Efficacy and safety studies on Denatonium are limited and may be subject to different interpretations when considered in the context of a potential bittering.
Denatonium is used in many personal care products such as make-up, lotion, fragrance, shaving, oral care, skin care and hair care products, where it functions as antifoam, cosmetic astringent, solvent and viscosity reducing agent.
In OTC antimicrobial drug products, Alcohol also functions as an antimicrobial agent to kill germs.

Commonly found as Denatonium (or under trade names like Bitrex or Aversion) and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known compound.
Denatonium’ s repellent qualities equally help fight rodents such as rats or mice.
Denatonium is a potent bitter taste receptor agonist widely used for activation of different cell pathways.

Taste signals have been associated with food recognition and food avoidance, and the bitter taste causes a deterrent response and is supposed to protect chickens from consuming poisons and harmful toxic substances.
The results of the study revealed that dietary supplementation with medium and high doses of Denatonium induced apoptosis and autophagy, respectively, damaging epithelial cells of the heart and kidneys and reducing the growth.

In some regions, denatonium is added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage their consumption, particularly by children and young individuals.
Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain denatonium to deter this behavior.
This helps protect pets from ingesting potentially harmful substances.

Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use denatonium to prevent misuse by children and to discourage tasting or swallowing these products.
In healthcare settings, denatonium can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions, particularly when they are unpalatable or potentially toxic if swallowed.
Various industrial and agricultural chemicals might incorporate denatonium to reduce the risk of ingestion, especially when there's a potential for accidental exposure.

In manufacturing processes, denatonium can be used to protect workers from the accidental ingestion of chemical substances that may be used in their processes.
Some fire extinguishers may use denatonium to prevent misuse by discouraging people from tasting or ingesting the contents.
Some oral care products, like mouthwash, may include denatonium to prevent accidental swallowing, especially by children.

In products like varnishes and wood coatings, denatonium can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.
According to Chemistry World, Denatonium was an accidental formulation by researchers at T&H Smith, a Scottish pharmaceutical company that was the forerunner of Macfarlan Smith Ltd. In 1958, lab staff were working with lignocaine, a dental anesthetic, when they discovered the extreme bitterness of Denatonium in powder form.

Due to its extreme taste, Denatonium was used as a deterrent agent.
Denatonium is also available under the trade name Bitrex, which is a token of the words pain and rex for the king.
Denatonium is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.

Denatonium is structure is similar to lidocaine and is closely related to Novocain and benzocaine.
Denatonium was soon discovered that just a few parts per million of Denatonium were enough for this aggressively unpleasant compound to render a substance distasteful to humans.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 by Macfarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, during research on local anesthetics.

Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.
Denatonium, an extremely bitter derivative of lignocaine, has been used worldwide as an alcohol denaturant for over 30 years.

The recent recognition of its application to deter ingestion of potentially toxic products has led to its use as an inert ingredient in pesticides, automotive chemicals and household items.
A standard research protocol has been developed to determine the applicability of the use of Denatonium in certain formulations.
This ensures compatibility, stability and optimum Denatonium concentration to affect a bitter taste in the formulated product.

Denatonium is currently known as the world's most painful ingredient.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter taste.
Denatonium is now known as the world's most bitter compound.

A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.

Denatonium is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.
Denatonium has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Denatonium was first synthesized in the 1950s and is usually prepared by reacting denatonium chloride with benzyl benzoate.

Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Strychnine is a cheap and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.

Denatonium is widely used as a deterrent agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substances.
For example, industrial alcohol, which tastes similar to ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animal dispersion, liquid soaps and shampoos, has been added to ethylene glycol or methanol.
Denatonium is also added to special nail polish ingredients as a repellent to avoid the child's bad finger biting.

Denatonium is stable up to 140 ° C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium should be stored in a cool and dry place in a well-sealed container (such as steel with polyethylene lining).
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retain their pain for several years, even when exposed to light. Denatonium is a bittering agent.

Denatonium is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.
Commercially, this compound is available as a white crystalline powder, but Denatonium granules or solutions are also available.
Humans can typically sense sweet, sour, salty, savory and bitter-tasting stuff.

Of these flavors, bitter-tasting chemicals elicit the most reaction.
The gene determines a person’s ability to detect the bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, which is an ingredient in tonic water.
Denatonium, usually available as Denatonium (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.

The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.
Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications.
Denatonium is also the standard for this type of bitter flavor.

At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For Denatonium, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter is discernible to humans.
Bitterants such as Denatonium are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.

In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of Denatonium is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of Denatonium to discourage consumption by mouth.
Denatonium is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.

Denatonium is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
By far, the most common use of Denatonium is to denature alcohol, making Denatonium unfit for human consumption and exempt from tariffs that normally apply to alcohol.

Denatonium is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.
Although Denatonium has a powerful taste, Denatonium is colorless and odorless.

The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of Denatonium.
Solutions of Denatonium in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle
elaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.

Uses:
Denatonium can be used in animal repellents to prevent animals from chewing or consuming treated items.
Denatonium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products and plant protection products.
Release to the environment of Denatonium can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Denatonium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, anti-freeze products and polishes and waxes.
In products like varnishes and wood coatings, Denatonium can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.
In some cases, Denatonium's used in dental products like mouthguards and orthodontic devices to discourage biting or chewing on them.

Denatonium is added to cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents to deter accidental ingestion and reduce the risk of poisoning, particularly in households with children or pets.
Denatonium is included in automotive products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluids to discourage ingestion, especially by children and pets.
Certain paints and coatings may contain Denatonium to discourage consumption, which could be harmful.

This is particularly relevant in construction and industrial settings.
Denatonium is used in some nail polish removers to make them taste bitter and unpalatable, helping to prevent nail-biting.
Some personal care items, such as nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, may contain Denatonium to discourage tasting or swallowing.

This is intended to prevent misuse or accidental ingestion.
In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium is used to deter misuse or accidental ingestion, especially in cases where the drug could be harmful if ingested.
Denatonium is added to denatured alcohol to make it unpalatable and discourage its consumption, as it is not intended for drinking.

In behavioral therapy and psychological treatments, Denatonium can be used to create an aversion to certain behaviors or habits by pairing them with the extremely bitter taste of denatonium.
Denatonium is added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage their consumption, particularly by children and young individuals.
Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain Denatonium to deter this behavior, protecting pets from ingesting potentially harmful substances.

Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use Denatonium to prevent misuse by children and to discourage tasting or swallowing these products.
In healthcare settings, Denatonium can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions, particularly when they are unpalatable or potentially toxic if swallowed.
Various industrial and agricultural chemicals might incorporate Denatonium to reduce the risk of ingestion, especially when there's a potential for accidental exposure.

In manufacturing processes, Denatonium can be used to protect workers from the accidental ingestion of chemical substances that may be used in their processes.
Some fire extinguishers may use Denatonium to prevent misuse by discouraging people from tasting or ingesting the contents.
Some oral care products, like mouthwash, may include Denatonium to prevent accidental swallowing, especially by children.

In products like varnishes and wood coatings, Denatonium can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.
In industrial settings, Denatonium can be added to surfactants and detergents to prevent misuse and accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is used worldwide as a denaturant for alcohol.

Denatonium is included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical gel and solution).
Denatonium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, polishes and waxes, anti-freeze products, air care products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polymers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.

Denatonium is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.
Denatonium is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and furniture.
Denatonium is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.

Denatonium is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Denatonium can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and for thermoplastic manufacture.
Denatonium is a bittering agent which is used to give a bitter taste to toxic products in order to make the product more difficult to ingest.

Examples of products which contain Denatonium are: antifreeze, detergents, floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Denatonium is added to numerous household products, such as cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents, to discourage accidental ingestion.
This helps prevent poisoning, particularly in homes with children or pets.

Some automotive products, including antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain Denatonium to deter accidental ingestion, which can be toxic.
Denatonium is used in certain paints and coatings to make them unpalatable.
This discourages individuals from consuming paint, which can be hazardous.

Nail polish removers may contain Denatonium to make them taste extremely bitter, preventing individuals, especially children, from accidentally ingesting them.
Some personal care products like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics may include Denatonium to make them unappealing to taste, reducing the risk of misuse.
Other release to the environment of Denatonium is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

The bitterest compound known Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium is used in air care products.

In addition to this, Denatonium is used as a disinfectant.
Denatonium is often added to various alcohol-based products like hand sanitizers, rubbing alcohol, and disinfectants to discourage ingestion, especially in situations where these products might be mistaken for consumable beverages.

Denatonium acts as H1 antihistamine.
In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium is used to deter misuse or accidental ingestion, particularly in cases where the drug could be harmful if ingested.
Denatonium is added to denatured alcohol to make it unpalatable.

This is important in preventing the consumption of alcohol that is not meant for drinking, such as industrial or cleaning purposes.
In some pesticides, Denatonium is used to prevent oral ingestion.
This safeguards against accidental poisoning, particularly in cases where pesticides might be attractive to children or animals.

In certain therapeutic contexts, Denatonium is used in behavioral therapy.
By associating a negative, extremely bitter taste with a specific behavior or habit (e.g., smoking or nail-biting), it aims to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.
Denatonium may be added to some adhesives to deter people from attempting to chew or ingest adhesive products.

Beyond cleaning agents and detergents, Denatonium can also be found in various other household chemicals like drain cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, and paint thinners.
Some insecticides and rodenticides use Denatonium to prevent ingestion, especially by children or pets.
Certain garden products, such as fertilizers and herbicides, contain Denatonium to reduce the risk of ingestion.

In some regions, Denatonium's added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage ingestion, particularly by children and young individuals.
Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain Denatonium to deter this behavior.
Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use Denatonium to prevent misuse by children.

In healthcare settings, Denatonium can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions.
Denatonium is used in products like engine coolant and antifreeze to prevent accidental ingestion by humans or animals.
Denatonium is a bittering agent used to make toxic products more difficult to ingest.

Some aerosol sprays, such as air fresheners and cleaning sprays, contain Denatonium to prevent inhalation or ingestion.
In some regions, Denatonium is added to fuel products to prevent fuel theft and to reduce the risk of fuel ingestion, which can be harmful.

Safety Profile:
Denatonium is extremely bitter and can cause extreme discomfort and nausea if ingested.
Contact with Denatonium can cause eye and skin irritation.
While it is not toxic at the concentrations typically used in products, accidental ingestion can lead to adverse reactions such as vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort.

Denatonium is extremely bitter and can cause extreme discomfort and nausea if ingested.
While it is not toxic at the concentrations typically used in products, accidental ingestion can lead to adverse reactions such as vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Denatonium is essential to use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling the substance to prevent skin and eye contact.

Inhalation of Denatonium dust or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or throat irritation.
Proper ventilation in areas where Denatonium is handled can help minimize this risk.

Environmental Impact:
Large-scale spills or releases of Denatonium into the environment could potentially have adverse effects.
Proper handling, storage, and disposal are necessary to prevent environmental contamination.
While Denatonium is not known to pose significant environmental hazards, large-scale spills or releases into waterways could potentially have ecological consequences.

Denatonium is essential to handle and store the substance properly to prevent environmental contamination.
Denatonium is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

Storage:
Denatonium is stable up to 140°C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium should be stored in a well-closed container (such as polythene-lined steel) in a cool, dry place.
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retaintheir bitterness forseveral years evenwhenexposed to light.

Synonyms:
Denatonium
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Denatonium anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
WIN 16568
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
NSC 157658
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
Anispray
CAS-3734-33-6
Gori
DTXCID6014376
Caswell No. 083BB
Denatonii benzoas
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
Denatonium [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
Denatonium [MI]
Denatonium [INN]
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
Denatonium [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
Denatonium [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Denatonium, analytical standard
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
SMR001233385
SY075333
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
Denatonium benzoate is an ionized compound made up of a negatively charged benzoic acid and quaternary ammonium cation (denatonium).
Denatonium benzoate is a white, odorless, and mostly tasteless crystalline powder.
Denatonium benzoate, also called Benzenemethanaminium and Benzyl diethyl ((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl) ammonium benzoate, is the bitterest compound known.

CAS Number: 3734-33-6
Molecular Formula: C28H34N2O3
Molecular Weight: 446.58
EINECS Number: 223-095-2

Denatonium benzoate is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of the quaternary ammonium cation and inert anion such as benzoic acid or saccharin anion.
Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Additionally, used in products like soap, animal repellents, antifreeze.

The structure of its cation form is similar to that of a local anesthetic lidocaine with the only difference being an additional benzyl functional group located on the nitrogen atom of the amino.
Denatonium benzoate, often referred to as Bitrex, is a chemical compound primarily used as a bittering agent.
Denatonium benzoate is known for being one of the most bitter substances known to humans.

Denatonium benzoate is commonly added to a wide range of products to make them unpalatable, thereby discouraging ingestion or consumption, especially by children, pets, or individuals seeking to misuse these products.
Denatonium benzoate is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium benzoate is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.

For example, it has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos. Moreover, it has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.

Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent.
Denatonium benzoate is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.
Commercially, Denatonium benzoate is available as a white crystalline powder, but denatonium benzoate granules or solutions are also available.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex.

Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium benzoate salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.
They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
Denatonium benzoate is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.

Denatonium benzoate has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium benzoate is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.

In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation Denatonium benzoate has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Denatonium benzoate is added to various household products like cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents to deter accidental ingestion.
This helps reduce the risk of poisoning.

Some automotive products, such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain denatonium benzoate to prevent accidental ingestion, which could be harmful.
Certain paints and coatings may include denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption, which could be toxic.
Nail polish removers may contain denatonium benzoate to make them taste bad, preventing ingestion.

Some personal care products, like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, use denatonium benzoate to make them unappealing to taste.
In some cases, denatonium benzoate is used in medications to deter misuse or accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.

In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an antinailbiting preparation.
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.
However,there has been a single report of contact urticaria attributed to denatonium benzoate occurring in a 30-year-old man who developed asthma and pruritus after using an insecticidal spray denatured with denatonium benzoate.

Discovered in 1958, it also has the tradename "Bitrex" (a trademark of UK company Macfarlan Smith).
As little as ten parts per million make substances unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium benzoate is a white, odourless solid that is used as an aversive agent, i.e. an additive that prevents accidental ingestion of a toxic substance by humans, articularly children, and by animals.

Denatonium benzoate consists of benzoate (that is, the conjugate base of benzoic acid) and an ester of two PABA molecules.
Its structure is related to lidocaine, differing only by the addition of a benzene and benzoate ion in solution.
Denatonium benzoate's also similar in structure to other anesthetics like novocaine and cocaine.

Indeed, Denatonium benzoate was discovered during anesthetic research.
Denatonium benzoae, a white crystalline powder like many organic compounds, is not known to pose any long-term health risks although exposure may be irritating.
No world health agencies list it as a carcinogen.

Denatonium benzoate does, however, cause a very bitter taste in humans and most animals at concentrations in the parts per million range.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation. It is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.
Denatonium benzoate can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.

To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
Denatonium benzoate is one of the most bitter substances known.

Just a few parts per million will make a product so bitter that children and pets will not be able to swallow it.
Denatonium benzoate makes sweet but highly toxic products such as antifreeze and detergents taste foul.
Research shows that people can detect denatonium benzoate in water at 50 parts per billion.

Denatonium benzoate is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate is also stable and inert.
In addition, so little is needed that the properties of the product remain unchanged.

Denatonium benzoate can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.
Denatonium benzoate is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.
Denatonium benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.

Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
Denatonium benzoate is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.

Denatonium benzoates claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - denatonium benzoate is the most bitter substance yet discovered.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium benzoate is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Further, Denatonium benzoate is used in air care products.
Denatonium benzoate acts as H1 antihistamine.
In addition to this, it is used as a disinfectant.

Ethanol or ethyl alcohol, sometimes just called Alcohol, is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
In the United States alcoholic beverages (liquor, wine, beer, etc.) are heavily taxed.
In order to avoid paying beverage taxes on alcohol that is not meant to be consumed (e.g., for use in cosmetic and personal care products), the alcohol must be denatured per specific formulations given by the U.S.

Government’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).
The process adds a small amount of a denaturant to the alcohol to make it taste bad, thus creating alcohol that is not suitable for drinking, but is otherwise similar for other purposes.
When used in products that are not food, beverages or oral drugs, many other countries, like the U.S., also require that alcohol be denatured.

Denatured alcohol is generally identified as Alcohol Denat. or specially Denatured (SD) Alcohol.
Denatonium Benzoate, t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate are examples of denaturants permitted for use by the TTB and concluded to be safe for use in cosmetics.
Other countries have different rules on allowed denaturants so when formulating with local regulations.

Specific denatured alcohols containing these denaturants that are permitted for use in U.S. cosmetics and personal care products are SD Alcohol 3-A, SD Alcohol 30, SD Alcohol 39-B, SD Alcohol 39-C, SD Alcohol 40-B and SD Alcohol 40-C.
Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.

Denatonium, commonly available as denatonium benzoate (trade name Bitrex), is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Scientists in Scotland discovered Denatonium during research on anesthetic lidocaine derivatives.
Denatonium benzoate’ s extremely bitter taste has proven effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.

Denatonium is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain drugs.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptors in many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular dependent pathways.
Denatonium benzoate is one of the bitterest known substances. Just a few parts per million make a product so painful that kids and pets can't swallow Denatonium benzoate.

Sweet but highly toxic products such as denatonium benzoate, antifreeze and detergents make their taste bad.
Studies show that humans can detect 50 parts per billion of denatonium benzoate in water.
Denatonium benzoate is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm. Denatonium benzoate is also stable and inert.

In addition, little is needed for the properties of the product to remain unchanged.
Often found as denatonium benzoate and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known chemical compound, with bitter thresholds being 0.05. ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by MacFarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the Bitrex trademark.

Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium benzoate is chemical structure includes a benzoate group, which is a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid group, along with a denatonium cation.
The denatonium cation is the component responsible for its intensely bitter taste.

Denatonium benzoate is considered one of the most bitter substances known to humans.
Denatonium benzoate is often used as a reference point for measuring bitterness.
The bitter taste is so extreme that even in minute quantities, it can make a product unpalatable.

Denatonium benzoate is generally considered safe when used as intended in the recommended concentrations.
Denatonium benzoate is non-toxic and is not absorbed significantly through the skin, making it safe for use in a wide range of consumer products.
The use of denatonium benzoate is subject to regulations in many countries.

There may be restrictions on its use in certain products, and there are guidelines on the maximum allowable concentration in specific applications.
Denatonium benzoate is also commonly known by its brand name Bitrex.
Bitrex is often used in marketing and labeling to indicate that a product contains denatonium benzoate as a bittering agent.

Apart from the previously mentioned applications, denatonium benzoate is used in various other products, such as denatured alcohol (to deter its consumption), some types of pesticides (to prevent oral ingestion), and even in some nail polishes to discourage nail-biting.
In some therapeutic contexts, denatonium benzoate is used in taste aversion therapy.
This involves pairing the bitter taste of denatonium benzoate with a specific behavior (e.g., smoking or nail-biting) to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.

Denatonium benzoate salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.
They are used as deterrent agents (bitterness) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventative nail biting preparations, respiratory mask compatibility tests, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and even Nintendo Switch playing cards to prevent children from accidentally swallowing or suffocating.

Denatonium benzoate is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name Denatonium benzoate is a portmanteau word that reflects the primary use of the substance as a denaturant and Denatonium benzoate’s chemical structure as a cation, hence the New Latin suffix -onium.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation. Denatonium benzoate is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.

The structure of denatonium is related to the local anesthetic lidocaine, which differs only by the addition of a benzyl group to amino nitrogen.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
One of the chemical names of the compound is lidocaine benzylbenzoate, but denatonium only refers to the quaternary ammonium cation species itself and does not require benzoate counterion.

The bitterness of the compound guides most of the denatonium benzoate applications.
Denatonium benzoate is used to denature ethanol so that Denatonium benzoate is not treated as an alcoholic beverage in terms of taxation and sales restrictions.
A particular designation states that ethanol has been denatured using denatonium benzoate.

Denatonium benzoate is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of some drugs.
Denatonium Benzoate (Bitrex) also discourages the consumption of harmful alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.
Denatonium benzoate is also added to many harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, polishes, toiletries and other personal care products, special nail polish to prevent nail biting, and various other household products.

Denatonium benzoate is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas jets) to avoid inhaled substance abuse of volatile vapors.
In 1995, the US state of Oregon required the addition of denatonium benzoate to products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol to prevent.
In December 2012, US manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add denatonium benzoate to antifreeze sold nationwide.

Denatonium's disgusting taste can be used as a deterrent on products that are not intended for consumption and / or is harmful upon consumption.
Nintendo Switch game cards are coated with denatonium benzoate to prevent young children from consuming them.
Denatonium benzoate is used as a solvent in the food and beverage industry and in many home and personal care products.

Denatonium, commonly found as Denatonium and Denatonium Saccharide, is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitter thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
They are used as deterrents (bitterness) to prevent chemical and dangerous products from being swallowed improperly.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, breathing mask compatibility test, repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Denatonium benzoate (de-an-TOE-nee-um BEN-zoh-ate) is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium benzoate is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.
Although denatonium benzoate has a powerful taste, it is colorless and odorless.

The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of denatonium benzoate.
Solutions of denatonium benzoate in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.

Denatonium Benzoate, also known as denatonium saccharide, is a bitter chemical compound used to denature ethanol so it is not considered an alcoholic beverage and in clinical trials to replicate the bitter taste of some medications.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Denatonium Benzoate (Denatrol) with CAS 3734-33-6 is a bittering agent used as an aversion additive in various chemical and manufactured products.

Connect Chemicals is the appointed distributor of the Denatonium benzoate product range of Wincom is a leading manufacturer of Denatonium Benzoate located in the United States.
The primary use of Denatonium benzoate is for taste a version purposes for poison prevention.
Denatonium Benzoate not only leaves a bitter flavor in the liquids, but also leaves a bitter residue on objects, like screens and keyboards, that may transfer to hands and cause problems (such as when eating).

Denatonium benzoate is not intended for use in any products or chemicals in which the intention is human ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is a white powder with a water solubility of 42 grams per liter.
One gram of denatonium benzoate can produce an extremely bitter and unpleasant taste in 100 liters of water (30 gallons).

Denatonium benzoate is so bitter that humans and pets can't stand it. Denatonium Benzoate is the active ingredient in products such as Tree Guard and Bitrex.
Denatonium benzoate is also used in combination with bad smelling compounds to repel animals.

Denatonium benzoate is the active ingredient in products such as "Off Limits Dog Training Spray", "Anit-Chew Bitter Spray for Pets", "Ultra-Bitter Training Aid Spray", and "Bitter YUCK! No Chew Dog, Cat & Horse Spray".
Some examples of products which contain denatonium benzoate are antifreeze, detergents (in ethanol), floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.

Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Flash point: 100℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: methanol: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,2891
BRN: 8179408
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃

Denatonium benzoate is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatonium benzoate's claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - denatonium benzoate is the most bitter substance yet discovered.This unreactive, colourless, odourless compound was first produced accidentally in 1958 by Scottish pharmaceutical manufacturer T & H Smith, later Macfarlan Smith, where researchers were experimenting with variants of an anaesthetic for dentists called lignocaine.

Denatonium benzoate was soon discovered that just a few parts per million of denatonium benzoate were enough for this aggressively unpleasant compound to render a substance distasteful to humans.
Denatonium benzoate is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium benzoate is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.

Denatonium benzoate has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos. Moreover,
Denatonium benzoate was first synthesized in the 1950s and is usually prepared by reacting denatonium chloride with benzyl benzoate.
Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.

In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Bitrex during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine.

The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.
Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.

Denatonium Benzoate’ s bitter properties make Denatonium Benzoate an excellent repellent and when added to phytosanitary products it contributes to inhibiting the feeding of animals on treated trees and plants.
Denatonium Benzoate’ s repellent qualities equally help fight rodents such as rats or mice.
Denatonium benzoate is a potent bitter taste receptor agonist widely used for activation of different cell pathways.

Taste signals have been associated with food recognition and food avoidance, and the bitter taste causes a deterrent response and is supposed to protect chickens from consuming poisons and harmful toxic substances.
The results of the study revealed that dietary supplementation with medium and high doses of denatonium benzoate induced apoptosis and autophagy, respectively, damaging epithelial cells of the heart and kidneys and reducing the growth.

According to Chemistry World, denatonium benzoate was an accidental formulation by researchers at T&H Smith, a Scottish pharmaceutical company that was the forerunner of Macfarlan Smith Ltd. In 1958, lab staff were working with lignocaine, a dental anesthetic, when they discovered the extreme bitterness of denatonium benzoate in powder form.
Due to its extreme taste, denatonium benzoate was used as a deterrent agent.

Denatonium Benzoate is also available under the trade name Bitrex, which is a token of the words pain and rex for the king.
Denatonium benzoate is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.
Denatonium benzoate is structure is similar to lidocaine and is closely related to Novocain and benzocaine.

Denatonium benzoate is odorless, colorless and non-reactive, making Denatonium benzoate a suitable additive that does not interfere with the primary purpose of the base compound.
Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant, possibly a combination of 20 in United States pictures.
People can typically feel things that taste sweet, sour, salty, salty, and bitter.

Among these flavors, Denatonium benzoate with a bitter taste cause the most reactions.
Sensitivity to bitter flavors depends on genetics: The TAS2R38 gene determines a person's ability to detect bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, a component in tonic water.
Denatonium benzoate is also the standard for this kind of bitter taste.

At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For Denatonium benzoate, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter can be noticed by humans.
Bitter substances such as Denatonium benzoate are useful as deterrent additives to prevent accidental ingestion of dangerous automotive compounds.

In Europe and some US states, ethylene glycol or denatonium benzoate must be added to antifreeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergents, and insecticides contain certain amounts of denatonium benzoate to deter oral consumption.
Denatonium benzoate is applied to the surfaces of toys as a painful substance to prevent significant consumption of hazardous substances.

Denatonium benzoate also applies to outdoor cables and wires to prevent rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is a deterrent agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks, and rodenticides to suppress swallowing, especially when young children come into contact with these toxic substances.
Until now, the most common use of denatonium benzoate is to denature alcohol so that Denatonium benzoate is unfit for human consumption and is exempted from the tariffs ormally valid for alcohol.

In recent years, its inclusion in household products, garden products, and cosmetics has been intensely promoted to prevent children from accidentally swallowing it.
A concentrated solution of denatonium benzoate is available in the USA, which will be sold directly to the public in addition to household products.
Efficacy and safety studies on Denatonium benzoate are limited and may be subject to different interpretations when considered in the context of a potential bittering.

Denatonium benzoate is used in many personal care products such as make-up, lotion, fragrance, shaving, oral care, skin care and hair care products, where it functions as antifoam, cosmetic astringent, solvent and viscosity reducing agent.
In OTC antimicrobial drug products, Alcohol also functions as an antimicrobial agent to kill germs.
Commonly found as denatonium benzoate (or under trade names like Bitrex or Aversion) and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known compound.

Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 by Macfarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, during research on local anesthetics.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.

Denatonium Benzoate, an extremely bitter derivative of lignocaine, has been used worldwide as an alcohol denaturant for over 30 years.
The recent recognition of its application to deter ingestion of potentially toxic products has led to its use as an inert ingredient in pesticides, automotive chemicals and household items.
A standard research protocol has been developed to determine the applicability of the use of Denatonium benzoate in certain formulations.

This ensures compatibility, stability and optimum Denatonium Benzoate concentration to affect a bitter taste in the formulated product.
Denatonium benzoate is currently known as the world's most painful ingredient.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter taste.

Strychnine is a cheap and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is widely used as a deterrent agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substances.
For example, industrial alcohol, which tastes similar to ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animal dispersion, liquid soaps and shampoos, has been added to ethylene glycol or methanol.

Denatonium benzoate is also added to special nail polish ingredients as a repellent to avoid the child's bad finger biting.
Denatonium benzoate is stable up to 140 ° C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium benzoate should be stored in a cool and dry place in a well-sealed container (such as steel with polyethylene lining).

Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retain their pain for several years, even when exposed to light.
Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent.

Denatonium Benzoate is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.
Commercially, this compound is available as a white crystalline powder, but denatonium benzoate granules or solutions are also available.

Humans can typically sense sweet, sour, salty, savory and bitter-tasting stuff.
Of these flavors, bitter-tasting chemicals elicit the most reaction.
The gene determines a person’s ability to detect the bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, which is an ingredient in tonic water.

Denatonium Benzoate is also the standard for this type of bitter flavor.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For denatonium benzoate, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter is discernible to humans.

Bitterants such as denatonium benzoate are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of denatonium benzoate is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption by mouth.

Denatonium Benzoate is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.
Denatonium Benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.

By far, the most common use of denatonium benzoate is to denature alcohol, making Denatonium Benzoate unfit for human consumption and exempt from tariffs that normally apply to
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium benzoate is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.

Although denatonium benzoate has a powerful taste, Denatonium benzoate is colorless and odorless.
The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of denatonium benzoate.
Solutions of denatonium benzoate in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.

Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.
Denatonium benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.

Uses:
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, polishes and waxes, anti-freeze products, air care products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polymers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.

Denatonium benzoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and furniture.
Other release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.

Denatonium benzoate is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium benzoate is used in air care products.
Denatonium benzoate acts as H1 antihistamine.

In addition to this, Denatonium benzoate is used as a disinfectant.
Denatonium benzoate is often added to various alcohol-based products like hand sanitizers, rubbing alcohol, and disinfectants to discourage ingestion, especially in situations where these products might be mistaken for consumable beverages.
Denatonium benzoate is used in products like engine coolant and antifreeze to prevent accidental ingestion by humans or animals.

Denatonium benzoate is a bittering agent used to make toxic products more difficult to ingest.
Some aerosol sprays, such as air fresheners and cleaning sprays, contain denatonium benzoate to prevent inhalation or ingestion.
In some regions, denatonium benzoate is added to fuel products to prevent fuel theft and to reduce the risk of fuel ingestion, which can be harmful.

Some fire extinguishers may use denatonium benzoate to prevent misuse by discouraging people from tasting or ingesting the contents.
In laboratory settings, Denatonium benzoate can be added to chemicals and solutions to reduce the risk of accidental ingestion.
Some agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers and herbicides, incorporate denatonium benzoate to deter ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate can be used in animal repellents to prevent animals from chewing or consuming treated items.
In products like varnishes and wood coatings, denatonium benzoate can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.
In some cases, Denatonium benzoate's used in dental products like mouthguards and orthodontic devices to discourage biting or chewing on them.

In industrial settings, Denatonium benzoate can be added to surfactants and detergents to prevent misuse and accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used worldwide as a denaturant for alcohol.
Denatonium benzoate is included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical gel and solution).

Bitterants such as denatonium benzoate are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of denatonium benzoate is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption by mouth.

Pharmaceutic aid (alcohol denaturant; flavor).
Added to toxic substances as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Can replace brucine or quassin as denaturant for ethyl alcohol.

Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products and plant protection products.
Release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, anti-freeze products and polishes and waxes.

Denatonium benzoate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.
Denatonium benzoate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent which is used to give a bitter taste to toxic products in order to make the product more difficult to ingest.
Examples of products which contain denatonium benzoate are: antifreeze, detergents, floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Denatonium benzoate is added to numerous household products, such as cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents, to discourage accidental ingestion.

This helps prevent poisoning, particularly in homes with children or pets.
Some automotive products, including antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain denatonium benzoate to deter accidental ingestion, which can be toxic.
Denatonium benzoate is used in certain paints and coatings to make them unpalatable.

This discourages individuals from consuming paint, which can be hazardous.
Nail polish removers may contain denatonium benzoate to make them taste extremely bitter, preventing individuals, especially children, from accidentally ingesting them.
Some personal care products like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics may include denatonium benzoate to make them unappealing to taste, reducing the risk of misuse.

In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate is used to deter misuse or accidental ingestion, particularly in cases where the drug could be harmful if ingested.
Denatonium benzoate is added to denatured alcohol to make it unpalatable.
This is important in preventing the consumption of alcohol that is not meant for drinking, such as industrial or cleaning purposes.

In some pesticides, denatonium benzoate is used to prevent oral ingestion.
This safeguards against accidental poisoning, particularly in cases where pesticides might be attractive to children or animals.
In certain therapeutic contexts, denatonium benzoate is used in behavioral therapy.

By associating a negative, extremely bitter taste with a specific behavior or habit (e.g., smoking or nail-biting), it aims to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.
Denatonium benzoate may be added to some adhesives to deter people from attempting to chew or ingest adhesive products.
Beyond cleaning agents and detergents, Denatonium benzoate can also be found in various other household chemicals like drain cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, and paint thinners.

Some insecticides and rodenticides use denatonium benzoate to prevent ingestion, especially by children or pets.
Certain garden products, such as fertilizers and herbicides, contain denatonium benzoate to reduce the risk of ingestion.
In some regions, Denatonium benzoate's added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage ingestion, particularly by children and young individuals.

Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain denatonium benzoate to deter this behavior.
Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use denatonium benzoate to prevent misuse by children.
In healthcare settings, denatonium benzoate can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions.

Some oral care products, like mouthwash, may include denatonium benzoate to prevent accidental swallowing, especially by children.
Various industrial and agricultural chemicals might incorporate denatonium benzoate to reduce the risk of ingestion.
In manufacturing processes, denatonium benzoate can be used to protect workers from the accidental ingestion of chemical substances.

Safety Profile:
Denatonium benzoate is extremely bitter and can cause extreme discomfort and nausea if ingested.
While it is not toxic at the concentrations typically used in products, accidental ingestion can lead to adverse reactions such as vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Contact with denatonium benzoate can cause eye and skin irritation.

Denatonium benzoate is essential to use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling the substance to prevent skin and eye contact.
Inhalation of denatonium benzoate dust or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or throat irritation.
Proper ventilation in areas where denatonium benzoate is handled can help minimize this risk.

Environmental Impact:
While denatonium benzoate is not known to pose significant environmental hazards, large-scale spills or releases into waterways could potentially have ecological consequences.
Denatonium benzoate is essential to handle and store the substance properly to prevent environmental contamination.
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

Storage:
Denatonium benzoate is stable up to 140°C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium benzoate should be stored in a well-closed container (such as polythene-lined steel) in a cool, dry place.
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retaintheir bitterness forseveral years evenwhenexposed to light.

Synonyms:
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Denatonium benzoate anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
WIN 16568
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
NSC 157658
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
Anispray
CAS-3734-33-6
Gori
DTXCID6014376
Caswell No. 083BB
Denatonii benzoas
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
Denatonium benzoate [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium benzoate, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [MI]
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INN]
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Denatonium benzoate, analytical standard
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
SMR001233385
SY075333
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium benzoate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
Denatonium benzoate is an ionized compound made up of a negatively charged benzoic acid and quaternary ammonium cation (denatonium).
Denatonium benzoate is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of the quaternary ammonium cation and inert anion such as benzoic acid or saccharin anion.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly added to a wide range of products to make them unpalatable, thereby discouraging ingestion or consumption, especially by children, pets, or individuals seeking to misuse these products.

CAS Number: 3734-33-6
Molecular Formula: C28H34N2O3
Molecular Weight: 446.58
EINECS Number: 223-095-2

Denatonium benzoate is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.

Denatonium benzoate is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.
For example, it has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos. Moreover, it has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.

However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Additionally, used in products like soap, animal repellents, antifreeze.

The structure of its cation form is similar to that of a local anesthetic lidocaine with the only difference being an additional benzyl functional group located on the nitrogen atom of the amino.
Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent.
Denatonium benzoate is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.

Commercially, Denatonium benzoate is available as a white crystalline powder, but denatonium benzoate granules or solutions are also available.
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.

Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex.
Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium benzoate salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.

They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
Denatonium benzoate is not known to pose any long-term health risks.

The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.
Denatonium benzoate, often referred to as Bitrex, is a chemical compound primarily used as a bittering agent.
Denatonium benzoate is known for being one of the most bitter substances known to humans.

Denatonium benzoate is a white, odorless, and mostly tasteless crystalline powder.
Denatonium benzoate has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.

Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium benzoate is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation Denatonium benzoate has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Denatonium benzoate is added to various household products like cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents to deter accidental ingestion.

This helps reduce the risk of poisoning.
Some automotive products, such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain denatonium benzoate to prevent accidental ingestion, which could be harmful.
Certain paints and coatings may include denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption, which could be toxic.

Nail polish removers may contain denatonium benzoate to make them taste bad, preventing ingestion.
Some personal care products, like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, use denatonium benzoate to make them unappealing to taste.
In some cases, denatonium benzoate is used in medications to deter misuse or accidental ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
Denatonium benzoate, also called Benzenemethanaminium and Benzyl diethyl ((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl) ammonium benzoate, is the bitterest compound known.
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

However,there has been a single report of contact urticaria attributed to denatonium benzoate occurring in a 30-year-old man who developed asthma and pruritus after using an insecticidal spray denatured with denatonium benzoate.
Discovered in 1958, it also has the tradename "Bitrex" (a trademark of UK company Macfarlan Smith).
As little as ten parts per million make substances unbearably bitter to most humans.

Denatonium benzoate makes sweet but highly toxic products such as antifreeze and detergents taste foul.
Research shows that people can detect denatonium benzoate in water at 50 parts per billion.
Denatonium benzoate is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm.

Denatonium benzoate is also stable and inert.
In addition, so little is needed that the properties of the product remain unchanged.
Denatonium benzoate can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.

Denatonium benzoate is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.
Denatonium benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.

Denatonium benzoate is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatonium benzoate is a white, odourless solid that is used as an aversive agent, i.e. an additive that prevents accidental ingestion of a toxic substance by humans, articularly children, and by animals.

Denatonium benzoate consists of benzoate (that is, the conjugate base of benzoic acid) and an ester of two PABA molecules.
Its structure is related to lidocaine, differing only by the addition of a benzene and benzoate ion in solution.
Denatonium benzoate's also similar in structure to other anesthetics like novocaine and cocaine.

Indeed, Denatonium benzoate was discovered during anesthetic research.
Denatonium benzoae, a white crystalline powder like many organic compounds, is not known to pose any long-term health risks although exposure may be irritating.
No world health agencies list it as a carcinogen.

Denatonium benzoate does, however, cause a very bitter taste in humans and most animals at concentrations in the parts per million range.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium benzoate is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.
Denatonium benzoates claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - denatonium benzoate is the most bitter substance yet discovered.

The bitterest compound known Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium benzoate is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium benzoate is used in air care products.

Denatonium benzoate acts as H1 antihistamine.
Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.

Denatonium, commonly available as denatonium benzoate (trade name Bitrex), is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Scientists in Scotland discovered Denatonium during research on anesthetic lidocaine derivatives.
Denatonium benzoate’ s extremely bitter taste has proven effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.

Denatonium is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain drugs.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptors in many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular dependent pathways.

Denatonium benzoate is one of the bitterest known substances. Just a few parts per million make a product so painful that kids and pets can't swallow Denatonium benzoate.
Sweet but highly toxic products such as denatonium benzoate, antifreeze and detergents make their taste bad.
Studies show that humans can detect 50 parts per billion of denatonium benzoate in water.

Denatonium benzoate is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm. Denatonium benzoate is also stable and inert.
In addition, little is needed for the properties of the product to remain unchanged.
Often found as denatonium benzoate and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known chemical compound, with bitter thresholds being 0.05. ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.

Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by MacFarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the Bitrex trademark.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium benzoate is chemical structure includes a benzoate group, which is a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid group, along with a denatonium cation.

The denatonium cation is the component responsible for its intensely bitter taste.
Denatonium benzoate is considered one of the most bitter substances known to humans.
Denatonium benzoate is often used as a reference point for measuring bitterness.

The bitter taste is so extreme that even in minute quantities, it can make a product unpalatable.
Denatonium benzoate is generally considered safe when used as intended in the recommended concentrations.
Denatonium benzoate is non-toxic and is not absorbed significantly through the skin, making it safe for use in a wide range of consumer products.

The use of denatonium benzoate is subject to regulations in many countries.
There may be restrictions on its use in certain products, and there are guidelines on the maximum allowable concentration in specific applications.
Denatonium benzoate is also commonly known by its brand name Bitrex.

Bitrex is often used in marketing and labeling to indicate that a product contains denatonium benzoate as a bittering agent.
Apart from the previously mentioned applications, denatonium benzoate is used in various other products, such as denatured alcohol (to deter its consumption), some types of pesticides (to prevent oral ingestion), and even in some nail polishes to discourage nail-biting.
In some therapeutic contexts, denatonium benzoate is used in taste aversion therapy.

This involves pairing the bitter taste of denatonium benzoate with a specific behavior (e.g., smoking or nail-biting) to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.
Denatonium benzoate salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.
They are used as deterrent agents (bitterness) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventative nail biting preparations, respiratory mask compatibility tests, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and even Nintendo Switch playing cards to prevent children from accidentally swallowing or suffocating.
Denatonium benzoate is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name Denatonium benzoate is a portmanteau word that reflects the primary use of the substance as a denaturant and Denatonium benzoate’s chemical structure as a cation, hence the New Latin suffix -onium.

Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation. Denatonium benzoate is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.
The structure of denatonium is related to the local anesthetic lidocaine, which differs only by the addition of a benzyl group to amino nitrogen.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.

One of the chemical names of the compound is lidocaine benzylbenzoate, but denatonium only refers to the quaternary ammonium cation species itself and does not require benzoate counterion.
The bitterness of the compound guides most of the denatonium benzoate applications.
Denatonium benzoate is used to denature ethanol so that Denatonium benzoate is not treated as an alcoholic beverage in terms of taxation and sales restrictions.

A particular designation states that ethanol has been denatured using denatonium benzoate.
Denatonium benzoate is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of some drugs.
Denatonium Benzoate (Bitrex) also discourages the consumption of harmful alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.

Denatonium benzoate is also added to many harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, polishes, toiletries and other personal care products, special nail polish to prevent nail biting, and various other household products.
Denatonium benzoate is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas jets) to avoid inhaled substance abuse of volatile vapors.

In 1995, the US state of Oregon required the addition of denatonium benzoate to products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol to prevent.
In December 2012, US manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add denatonium benzoate to antifreeze sold nationwide.
Denatonium's disgusting taste can be used as a deterrent on products that are not intended for consumption and / or is harmful upon consumption.

Nintendo Switch game cards are coated with denatonium benzoate to prevent young children from consuming them.
Denatonium benzoate is used as a solvent in the food and beverage industry and in many home and personal care products.
Denatonium, commonly found as Denatonium and Denatonium Saccharide, is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitter thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.

They are used as deterrents (bitterness) to prevent chemical and dangerous products from being swallowed improperly.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, breathing mask compatibility test, repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Denatonium benzoate (de-an-TOE-nee-um BEN-zoh-ate) is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.

Denatonium benzoate is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.
Although denatonium benzoate has a powerful taste, it is colorless and odorless.
The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of denatonium benzoate.

Solutions of denatonium benzoate in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.
Denatonium Benzoate, also known as denatonium saccharide, is a bitter chemical compound used to denature ethanol so it is not considered an alcoholic beverage and in clinical trials to replicate the bitter taste of some medications.

Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Denatonium Benzoate (Denatrol) with CAS 3734-33-6 is a bittering agent used as an aversion additive in various chemical and manufactured products.
Connect Chemicals is the appointed distributor of the Denatonium benzoate product range of Wincom is a leading manufacturer of Denatonium Benzoate located in the United States.

The primary use of Denatonium benzoate is for taste a version purposes for poison prevention.
Denatonium Benzoate not only leaves a bitter flavor in the liquids, but also leaves a bitter residue on objects, like screens and keyboards, that may transfer to hands and cause problems (such as when eating).
Denatonium benzoate is not intended for use in any products or chemicals in which the intention is human ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is a white powder with a water solubility of 42 grams per liter.
One gram of denatonium benzoate can produce an extremely bitter and unpleasant taste in 100 liters of water (30 gallons).
Denatonium benzoate is so bitter that humans and pets can't stand it. Denatonium Benzoate is the active ingredient in products such as Tree Guard and Bitrex.

Denatonium benzoate is also used in combination with bad smelling compounds to repel animals.
Denatonium benzoate is the active ingredient in products such as "Off Limits Dog Training Spray", "Anit-Chew Bitter Spray for Pets", "Ultra-Bitter Training Aid Spray", and "Bitter YUCK! No Chew Dog, Cat & Horse Spray".

Some examples of products which contain denatonium benzoate are antifreeze, detergents (in ethanol), floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
In addition to this, it is used as a disinfectant.
Ethanol or ethyl alcohol, sometimes just called Alcohol, is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.

In the United States alcoholic beverages (liquor, wine, beer, etc.) are heavily taxed.
In order to avoid paying beverage taxes on alcohol that is not meant to be consumed (e.g., for use in cosmetic and personal care products), the alcohol must be denatured per specific formulations given by the U.S.
Government’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).

The process adds a small amount of a denaturant to the alcohol to make it taste bad, thus creating alcohol that is not suitable for drinking, but is otherwise similar for other purposes.
When used in products that are not food, beverages or oral drugs, many other countries, like the U.S., also require that alcohol be denatured.
Denatured alcohol is generally identified as Alcohol Denat. or specially Denatured (SD) Alcohol.

Denatonium Benzoate, t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate are examples of denaturants permitted for use by the TTB and concluded to be safe for use in cosmetics.
Other countries have different rules on allowed denaturants so when formulating with local regulations.
Denatonium benzoate can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.

To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
Denatonium benzoate is one of the most bitter substances known.

Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Flash point: 100℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: methanol: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃

Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Bitrex during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine.
The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.

Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.
Denatonium Benzoate’ s bitter properties make Denatonium Benzoate an excellent repellent and when added to phytosanitary products it contributes to inhibiting the feeding of animals on treated trees and plants.

Denatonium Benzoate’ s repellent qualities equally help fight rodents such as rats or mice.
Denatonium benzoate is a potent bitter taste receptor agonist widely used for activation of different cell pathways.
Denatonium benzoate is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.

Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatonium benzoate's claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - denatonium benzoate is the most bitter substance yet discovered.This unreactive, colourless, odourless compound was first produced accidentally in 1958 by Scottish pharmaceutical manufacturer T & H Smith, later Macfarlan Smith, where researchers were experimenting with variants of an anaesthetic for dentists called lignocaine.

Denatonium benzoate was soon discovered that just a few parts per million of denatonium benzoate were enough for this aggressively unpleasant compound to render a substance distasteful to humans.
Denatonium benzoate is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

Denatonium benzoate is applied to the surfaces of toys as a painful substance to prevent significant consumption of hazardous substances.
Denatonium benzoate also applies to outdoor cables and wires to prevent rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is a deterrent agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks, and rodenticides to suppress swallowing, especially when young children come into contact with these toxic substances.

Until now, the most common use of denatonium benzoate is to denature alcohol so that Denatonium benzoate is unfit for human consumption and is exempted from the tariffs ormally valid for alcohol.
In recent years, its inclusion in household products, garden products, and cosmetics has been intensely promoted to prevent children from accidentally swallowing it.
A concentrated solution of denatonium benzoate is available in the USA, which will be sold directly to the public in addition to household products.

Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 by Macfarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, during research on local anesthetics.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.

Denatonium Benzoate, an extremely bitter derivative of lignocaine, has been used worldwide as an alcohol denaturant for over 30 years.
The recent recognition of its application to deter ingestion of potentially toxic products has led to its use as an inert ingredient in pesticides, automotive chemicals and household items.
A standard research protocol has been developed to determine the applicability of the use of Denatonium benzoate in certain formulations.

This ensures compatibility, stability and optimum Denatonium Benzoate concentration to affect a bitter taste in the formulated product.
Denatonium benzoate is currently known as the world's most painful ingredient.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter taste.

Strychnine is a cheap and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is widely used as a deterrent agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substances.
For example, industrial alcohol, which tastes similar to ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animal dispersion, liquid soaps and shampoos, has been added to ethylene glycol or methanol.

Denatonium benzoate is also added to special nail polish ingredients as a repellent to avoid the child's bad finger biting.
Denatonium benzoate is stable up to 140 ° C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium benzoate should be stored in a cool and dry place in a well-sealed container (such as steel with polyethylene lining).

Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retain their pain for several years, even when exposed to light.
Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent.
Denatonium Benzoate is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.

Commercially, this compound is available as a white crystalline powder, but denatonium benzoate granules or solutions are also available.
Humans can typically sense sweet, sour, salty, savory and bitter-tasting stuff.
Of these flavors, bitter-tasting chemicals elicit the most reaction.

The gene determines a person’s ability to detect the bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, which is an ingredient in tonic water.
Denatonium Benzoate is also the standard for this type of bitter flavor.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.

For denatonium benzoate, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter is discernible to humans.
Bitterants such as denatonium benzoate are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of denatonium benzoate is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.

Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption by mouth.
Denatonium Benzoate is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.

Denatonium Benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
By far, the most common use of denatonium benzoate is to denature alcohol, making Denatonium Benzoate unfit for human consumption and exempt from tariffs that normally apply to

Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium benzoate is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.
Although denatonium benzoate has a powerful taste, Denatonium benzoate is colorless and odorless.

The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of denatonium benzoate.
Solutions of denatonium benzoate in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.

Denatonium benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
Efficacy and safety studies on Denatonium benzoate are limited and may be subject to different interpretations when considered in the context of a potential bittering.

Denatonium benzoate is used in many personal care products such as make-up, lotion, fragrance, shaving, oral care, skin care and hair care products, where it functions as antifoam, cosmetic astringent, solvent and viscosity reducing agent.
In OTC antimicrobial drug products, Alcohol also functions as an antimicrobial agent to kill germs.
Commonly found as denatonium benzoate (or under trade names like Bitrex or Aversion) and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known compound.

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium benzoate is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.

Denatonium benzoate has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos. Moreover,
Denatonium benzoate was first synthesized in the 1950s and is usually prepared by reacting denatonium chloride with benzyl benzoate.
Denatonium benzoate is odorless, colorless and non-reactive, making Denatonium benzoate a suitable additive that does not interfere with the primary purpose of the base compound.

Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant, possibly a combination of 20 in United States pictures.
People can typically feel things that taste sweet, sour, salty, salty, and bitter.
Among these flavors, Denatonium benzoate with a bitter taste cause the most reactions.
Sensitivity to bitter flavors depends on genetics: The TAS2R38 gene determines a person's ability to detect bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, a component in tonic water.

Denatonium benzoate is also the standard for this kind of bitter taste.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For Denatonium benzoate, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter can be noticed by humans.

Bitter substances such as Denatonium benzoate are useful as deterrent additives to prevent accidental ingestion of dangerous automotive compounds.
Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

Uses:
Denatonium benzoate is often added to various alcohol-based products like hand sanitizers, rubbing alcohol, and disinfectants to discourage ingestion, especially in situations where these products might be mistaken for consumable beverages.
Denatonium benzoate can be used in animal repellents to prevent animals from chewing or consuming treated items.
In products like varnishes and wood coatings, denatonium benzoate can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.

In some cases, Denatonium benzoate's used in dental products like mouthguards and orthodontic devices to discourage biting or chewing on them.
In industrial settings, Denatonium benzoate can be added to surfactants and detergents to prevent misuse and accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used worldwide as a denaturant for alcohol.

Denatonium benzoate is included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical gel and solution).
Bitterants such as denatonium benzoate are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of denatonium benzoate is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.

Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption by mouth.
Pharmaceutic aid (alcohol denaturant; flavor).
Added to toxic substances as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.

Can replace brucine or quassin as denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
Denatonium benzoate is used in products like engine coolant and antifreeze to prevent accidental ingestion by humans or animals.
Denatonium benzoate is a bittering agent used to make toxic products more difficult to ingest.

Some aerosol sprays, such as air fresheners and cleaning sprays, contain denatonium benzoate to prevent inhalation or ingestion.
In some regions, denatonium benzoate is added to fuel products to prevent fuel theft and to reduce the risk of fuel ingestion, which can be harmful.
Some fire extinguishers may use denatonium benzoate to prevent misuse by discouraging people from tasting or ingesting the contents.

In laboratory settings, Denatonium benzoate can be added to chemicals and solutions to reduce the risk of accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products and plant protection products.
Release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, anti-freeze products and polishes and waxes.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.

Denatonium benzoate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and for thermoplastic manufacture.
Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent which is used to give a bitter taste to toxic products in order to make the product more difficult to ingest.

Examples of products which contain denatonium benzoate are: antifreeze, detergents, floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Denatonium benzoate is added to numerous household products, such as cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents, to discourage accidental ingestion.
This helps prevent poisoning, particularly in homes with children or pets.

Some automotive products, including antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain denatonium benzoate to deter accidental ingestion, which can be toxic.
Denatonium benzoate is used in certain paints and coatings to make them unpalatable.
This discourages individuals from consuming paint, which can be hazardous.

Nail polish removers may contain denatonium benzoate to make them taste extremely bitter, preventing individuals, especially children, from accidentally ingesting them.
Some personal care products like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics may include denatonium benzoate to make them unappealing to taste, reducing the risk of misuse.
In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate is used to deter misuse or accidental ingestion, particularly in cases where the drug could be harmful if ingested.

Denatonium benzoate is added to denatured alcohol to make it unpalatable.
This is important in preventing the consumption of alcohol that is not meant for drinking, such as industrial or cleaning purposes.
Some agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers and herbicides, incorporate denatonium benzoate to deter ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, polishes and waxes, anti-freeze products, air care products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polymers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Denatonium benzoate may be added to some adhesives to deter people from attempting to chew or ingest adhesive products.

Beyond cleaning agents and detergents, Denatonium benzoate can also be found in various other household chemicals like drain cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, and paint thinners.
Some insecticides and rodenticides use denatonium benzoate to prevent ingestion, especially by children or pets.
Certain garden products, such as fertilizers and herbicides, contain denatonium benzoate to reduce the risk of ingestion.

In some regions, Denatonium benzoate's added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage ingestion, particularly by children and young individuals.
Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain denatonium benzoate to deter this behavior.
Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use denatonium benzoate to prevent misuse by children.

In healthcare settings, denatonium benzoate can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions.
Some oral care products, like mouthwash, may include denatonium benzoate to prevent accidental swallowing, especially by children.
Various industrial and agricultural chemicals might incorporate denatonium benzoate to reduce the risk of ingestion.

In manufacturing processes, denatonium benzoate can be used to protect workers from the accidental ingestion of chemical substances.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.
Denatonium benzoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and furniture.

Other release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium benzoate is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Further, Denatonium benzoate is used in air care products.
Denatonium benzoate acts as H1 antihistamine.

Safety Profile:
Denatonium benzoate is extremely bitter and can cause extreme discomfort and nausea if ingested.
Denatonium benzoate is essential to use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling the substance to prevent skin and eye contact.
Inhalation of denatonium benzoate dust or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or throat irritation.

Proper ventilation in areas where denatonium benzoate is handled can help minimize this risk.
While it is not toxic at the concentrations typically used in products, accidental ingestion can lead to adverse reactions such as vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Contact with denatonium benzoate can cause eye and skin irritation.

Environmental Impact:
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.
While denatonium benzoate is not known to pose significant environmental hazards, large-scale spills or releases into waterways could potentially have ecological consequences.
Denatonium benzoate is essential to handle and store the substance properly to prevent environmental contamination.

Storage:
Denatonium benzoate is stable up to 140°C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium benzoate should be stored in a well-closed container (such as polythene-lined steel) in a cool, dry place.
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retaintheir bitterness forseveral years evenwhenexposed to light.

Synonyms:
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Denatonium benzoate anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
WIN 16568
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
NSC 157658
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
Anispray
CAS-3734-33-6
Gori
DTXCID6014376
Caswell No. 083BB
Denatonii benzoas
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
Denatonium benzoate [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium benzoate, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [MI]
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INN]
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Denatonium benzoate, analytical standard
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
SMR001233385
SY075333
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium benzoate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM SACCHARIDE, N° CAS : 90823-38-4, Nom INCI : DENATONIUM SACCHARIDE Nom chimique : Benzenemethanaminium, N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, salt with 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide Ses fonctions (INCI) Dénaturant : Rend les cosmétiques désagréables. Principalement ajouté aux cosmétiques contenant de l'alcool éthylique