Textile, Leather, Paper and Industrial Chemicals

COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD)
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) in butyl rubber, combines good process safety with a high rate of cure when used with MBT or its derivatives.


CAS Number: 137-29-1
EC Number: 205-287-8
MDL Number: MFCD00050845
Molecular Formula: C6H12CuN2S4



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bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)copper, bis(dimethyldithio-carbamate)copper, bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato)-coppe, Carbamic acid, dimethyldithio-, copper(ii) salt, Compound-4018, copper(2+)dimethyldithiocarbamate, Copper, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-, (SP-4-1)-, Copper, bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato)-, cupricn,n-dimethyldithiocarbamate, Copper Bis(Dimethyldithiocarbamate), Copper(Ii) Dimethyldithiocarbamate, Copperdimethyldithiocarbamate, Copper Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate, Cdd, Bis(Dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S') Copper, Dimethyldithiocarbamic Acid Copper Salt, Cupric Dimethyldithiocarbamate, Cumate, Copper Dimethyldithiocarbamate, Methyl Cumate, Methyl Cumate Rodform, Akrochem Cu.D.D, Bis(Dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-,(Sp-4-1)-Copper, Bis(Dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-Coppe(Sp-4-1), Bis(Dimethyldithiocarbamate)Copper, Bis(Dimethyldithio-Carbamate)Copper, Bis(Dimethyldithiocarbamato)-Coppe, Carbamic Acid, Dimethyldithio-, Copper(Ii) Salt, Compound-4018, Copper(2+)Dimethyldithiocarbamate, Copper, Bis(Dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-, (Sp-4-1)-, Copper, Bis(Dimethyldithiocarbamato)-, Cupricn,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate, copper(2+) bis(dimethylcarbamodithioate), bis(dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl)copper, Rubber Accelerator CuMDC, Rubber Accelerator CDD,



Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is safe-processing secondary accelerator for use in black and dark colours.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 tonnes per annum.


Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is a chemical compound with a purity of 98%.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) in butyl rubber, combines good process safety with a high rate of cure when used with MBT or its derivatives.
In EPDM rubber, Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) can provide as an economic substitution of TDEC.


It is not suitable for use in white or light colored compounds as Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) provides a brown undertone.
However, Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is classified as non-staining (migratory) to other products.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is one of numerous organometallic compounds sold by American Elements under the trade name AE Organometallics.



USES and APPLICATIONS of COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD):
Other Research Areas: Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is also being investigated for its potential applications in other areas of scientific research, including:
Agriculture uses of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD): As a fungicide to control plant diseases Source.


Medicine uses of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD): As a potential anti-cancer agent .
Electronics uses of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD): Copper sulfides exhibit interesting electrical and light-emitting properties, making them potential candidates for transistors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes .


Catalysis uses of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD): Copper sulfide nanoparticles can act as catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions in various industrial processes .
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.


Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, inks and toners and polymers.
Release to the environment of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, inks and toners, laboratory chemicals and polymers.


Release to the environment of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is commonly used in the rubber industry as an accelerator for vulcanization.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) can also be used as a fungicide in agriculture and as a stabilizer in PVC production.


Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) must be handled with care due to its potential toxicity, and proper personal protective equipment should be worn when handling it.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight or heat sources.


Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is intended for industrial or laboratory use only.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) uses and applications include: Primary vulcanization accelerator, thiazole secondary accelerator for rubber molded and extruded goods; accelerator for food-contact rubber articles for repeated use.


Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used fast action at high vulcanisation temperatures.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used in SBR C.V extrusions.
Accelerator Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is a very powerful primary accelerator and can serve as a secondary booster for thiazoles & sulphenamides accelerators.


Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) finds use in natural as well as many synthetic rubbers such as SBR, EPDM and butyl.
Organometallics are useful reagent, catalyst, and precursor materials with applications in thin film deposition, industrial chemistry, pharmaceuticals, LED manufacturing, and others.


American Elements supplies Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) in most volumes including bulk quantities and also can produce materials to customer specifications.


Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used as an ultraaccelerator or vulcanization agent for SBR (styrenebutadiene), IR (polyisoprene isoprene), and EPDM (ethylene-propylene terpolymer) rubbers.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is often used as a stabilizer/antioxidant for synthetic elastomers or polyethers.


-Biological Applications of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD):
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) has been explored for its potential antimicrobial properties.
Recent studies have shown that Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) can exhibit copper-dependent toxicity against certain bacteria, fungi, and parasites .
This research is ongoing, and the potential therapeutic applications of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) are still under investigation.


-Material Science Applications of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD):
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) has been studied for its potential use as a single-source precursor (SSP) for the synthesis of various nanoscale copper sulfides.
These materials possess unique physical properties that make them desirable for various applications, including.



ADVANTAGES OF COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD):
*Polymer bound or encapsulated dispersions are a proven means of upgrading plant safety, efficiency, quality & raw material control.
*As a dispersion, better uniformity of the mix at low process temperatures are possible.
*The physical form is easy to handle and weigh accurately.
With a dispersion, better uniformity of the mix at lower processing temperatures is possible.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD):
Molecular Weight: 304.0 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 302.917930 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 302.917930 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 72.7Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 54.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular weight: 303.98
EINECS: 205-287-8
SMILES: CN(C)C1=S[Cu+2]2([SH-]C(=S2)N(C)C)[SH-]1
InChI: 1S/2C3H7NS2.Cu/c2*1-4(2)3(5)6;/h2*1-2H3,(H,5,6);/q;;+2/p-2
InChIKey: ZOUQIAGHKFLHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Melting Point: 260°C
Density: 1,75 g/cm3
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C6H12CuN2S4 = 303.96
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
CAS RN: 137-29-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 3915474
PubChem Substance ID: 87567601
MDL Number: MFCD00050845
Compound Formula: C6H12CuN2S4
Molecular Weight: 303.98

Appearance: Yellowish-red crystals or powder
Melting Point: 196-201 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 302.91793 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 302.91793 g/mol
Melting point: 260°C
Boiling point: 415.51°C (estimate)
Density: 1,75 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
form: powder to crystal
color: Orange to Amber to Dark red
Specific Gravity: 1.75
Hydrolytic Sensitivity: 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions
InChIKey: ZOUQIAGHKFLHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L

LogP: 4.55
CAS DataBase Reference: 137-29-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE
FDA 21 CFR: 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: F3D0AX36Y9
NIST Chemistry Reference :Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato) copper complex(137-29-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (137-29-1)
Linear Formula: C6H12CuN2S4
Pubchem CID: 472181
MDL Number: MFCD00050845
EC No.: 205-287-8
IUPAC Name: copper; N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate
SMILES: CN(C)C(=S)[S-].CN(C)C(=S)[S-].[Cu+2]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/2C3H7NS2.Cu/c2*1-4(2)3(5)6;/h2*1-2H3,(H,5,6);/q;;+2/p-2
InchI Key: ZOUQIAGHKFLHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Molecular Weight:304.0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:4
Exact Mass:302.917930

Monoisotopic Mass:302.917930
Topological Polar Surface Area:72.7
Heavy Atom Count:13
Complexity:54.3
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:3
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
Molecular Weight:303.98
Exact Mass:302.917938
EC Number:205-287-8
UNII:F3D0AX36Y9
DSSTox ID:DTXSID2020345
Characteristics
PSA:121.26000
XLogP3:2.05830
Appearance:Brown powder
Density:1.75 g/cm3
Melting Point:260 °C (decomp)
Boiling Point:129.4ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point:32ºC



FIRST AID MEASURES of COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CuDD):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


COPPER DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (CUDD)

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is a copper-containing coordination complex characterized by its distinct molecular structure.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is composed of copper atoms coordinated with two dimethyldithiocarbamate ligands, creating a unique chemical entity.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is recognized for its application as a fungicide in agriculture, where it plays a crucial role in controlling specific plant diseases.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is often encountered in various isomeric forms, and the properties of these isomers may vary based on synthesis conditions.

CAS Number: 137-29-1
EC Number: 205-287-8



APPLICATIONS


Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) finds primary application as a fungicide in agriculture, offering effective protection against various plant diseases.
Its use extends to crop protection, where it plays a vital role in managing fungal pathogens that can compromise crop yield.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is employed in fruit orchards to combat fungal infections that can affect the quality and quantity of fruit production.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is utilized in the cultivation of vegetables to control diseases caused by pathogenic fungi.

In vineyards, Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) serves as a key tool in preventing and managing fungal diseases that can impact grape quality and wine production.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is applied in cereal crops to safeguard them from fungal infections that may lead to reduced grain yield.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) plays a role in protecting ornamental plants and flowers, ensuring their health and aesthetic appeal.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is utilized in the forestry sector to mitigate the impact of fungal diseases on trees, promoting sustainable forest management.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is integrated into fungicidal formulations designed for both conventional and organic farming practices.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is part of integrated pest management strategies, contributing to a holistic approach to disease control in agriculture.

Its application helps reduce reliance on synthetic chemical fungicides, supporting more environmentally friendly farming practices.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is employed in nurseries to protect young plants from fungal infections during the critical early growth stages.
In horticulture, CuDD assists in maintaining the health of plants in greenhouses and controlled environments.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used to combat soil-borne diseases that can affect the root systems of various crops.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD)'s applications extend to turf management, where it aids in preventing fungal diseases in lawns and sports fields.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is utilized in seed treatments to provide early protection against fungal pathogens during germination.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is an essential component in disease management programs for crops susceptible to various fungal infections.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is employed in rotational strategies to minimize the development of fungicide resistance in fungal populations.
In organic farming, CuDD serves as a valuable tool for disease control while adhering to organic certification standards.

Its applications contribute to maintaining the overall health and productivity of agricultural ecosystems.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is utilized in regions with high humidity or favorable conditions for fungal growth to prevent disease outbreaks.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is incorporated into formulations that allow for convenient and efficient application in the field.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) has a role in protecting valuable crops like potatoes, tomatoes, and other economically significant plant species.
Its applications are guided by a balance between effective disease control and environmentally responsible practices.
Ongoing research explores novel applications and formulations of CuDD, aiming to enhance its efficacy and minimize environmental impact in agriculture.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is an integral part of disease management programs for viticulture, protecting grapevines from fungal infections that could compromise wine production.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is employed in post-harvest treatments to safeguard stored fruits and vegetables from post-harvest fungal decay.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is utilized in floriculture to ensure the health and longevity of cut flowers and ornamental plants.
In the cultivation of specialty crops such as nuts and berries, CuDD helps prevent and manage diseases that could impact these high-value crops.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) plays a role in preventing damping-off diseases in seedlings, ensuring a healthy start for a variety of crops.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used in the management of downy mildews, a common group of plant diseases affecting crops like lettuce, grapes, and cucumbers.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is an essential tool in organic farming, providing farmers with an effective means of disease control that aligns with organic certification standards.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) applications extend to the protection of bulb crops such as onions and garlic, preserving the quality of these staple foods.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) contributes to the sustainable production of cut Christmas trees, protecting them from fungal infections during cultivation.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is incorporated into disease forecasting models to optimize its application timing, ensuring maximum efficacy in disease prevention.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) aids in the management of anthracnose, a fungal disease that affects a wide range of crops, including fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD)'s applications in forestry include protecting tree seedlings from damping-off diseases during reforestation efforts.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used in greenhouse production to create an environment conducive to plant health and free from common fungal threats.

In the cultivation of legumes, such as peas and beans, CuDD helps prevent diseases like rust and powdery mildew.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is applied in the protection of tobacco crops, mitigating the impact of fungal diseases that can affect the quality of tobacco leaves.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) contributes to the management of blights in various crops, including tomatoes and potatoes.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is utilized in the protection of oilseed crops, ensuring the health of plants like sunflowers and canola.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) aids in the control of leaf spot diseases, preserving the foliage of crops like lettuce and spinach.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD)'s versatility allows for application through various methods, including foliar sprays, soil drenches, and seed treatments.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD)'s use in integrated pest management programs promotes a holistic approach to disease and pest control, minimizing environmental impact.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is employed in the management of citrus canker, a bacterial disease affecting citrus crops.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) contributes to reducing post-harvest losses in the storage and transportation of crops vulnerable to fungal deterioration.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) has applications in turfgrass management, ensuring the health and aesthetics of lawns, golf courses, and sports fields.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used in the protection of medicinal plants and herbs, preserving their quality for pharmaceutical and herbal industries.
Its applications underscore its importance as a key tool in modern agriculture, helping to ensure food security and sustainable farming practices.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) plays a pivotal role in controlling powdery mildew, a widespread fungal disease affecting a diverse range of crops, including grapes and cucurbits.
Its applications extend to the protection of cereal crops, such as wheat and barley, against fungal pathogens that can lead to significant yield losses.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is utilized in the floriculture industry to maintain the health and appearance of potted plants and flowering ornamentals.

In the cultivation of beans and peas, CuDD aids in the prevention of diseases like rust, ensuring the quality of legume crops.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) contributes to the management of rust diseases in various crops, including coffee plants and ornamental shrubs.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is employed in the protection of hops, a key ingredient in brewing, against downy mildew and other fungal threats.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) has applications in the protection of sugar beets, contributing to the control of diseases that can impact sugar production.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) aids in the management of late blight in potatoes and tomatoes, safeguarding these essential food crops.
The compound is used in the protection of peppers and eggplants, helping prevent diseases that can affect fruit quality.

In the cultivation of berries, CuDD contributes to the control of diseases such as anthracnose, ensuring high-quality berry production.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is applied in the production of seed potatoes to prevent the spread of diseases during the propagation process.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) plays a crucial role in managing fungal diseases in flower bulbs, including tulips and daffodils, ensuring vibrant blooms.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is employed in turfgrass management, contributing to disease control in lawns, parks, and recreational areas.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) aids in the prevention of damping-off diseases in nurseries, ensuring the healthy development of young plants.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) applications include the protection of woody ornamentals, contributing to the health and aesthetics of landscaped areas.
In the cultivation of medicinal herbs, CuDD helps prevent diseases that could compromise the quality of herbal products.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used in forestry practices to protect tree seedlings from fungal infections during reforestation efforts.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) contributes to the management of dollar spot disease in turfgrass, a common concern in golf courses and sports fields.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) plays a role in managing fire blight, a bacterial disease affecting fruit trees, particularly in apple and pear orchards.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is applied in greenhouse production to control diseases and create an optimal environment for plant growth.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) aids in preventing leaf spot diseases in various crops, preserving the foliage and overall health of plants.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is used in the protection of legume forages, contributing to the health of pastures and forage crops.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) applications are essential in managing diseases in vegetable crops, including cucumbers, squash, and melons.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is applied in the control of root rot diseases that can affect a variety of crops, including beans and tomatoes.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD)'s applications showcase its versatility in protecting a wide range of crops, promoting sustainable and resilient agricultural practices.



DESCRIPTION


Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is a copper-containing coordination complex characterized by its distinct molecular structure.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is composed of copper atoms coordinated with two dimethyldithiocarbamate ligands, creating a unique chemical entity.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is recognized for its application as a fungicide in agriculture, where it plays a crucial role in controlling specific plant diseases.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is often encountered in various isomeric forms, and the properties of these isomers may vary based on synthesis conditions.

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) exhibits fungicidal activity by inhibiting the growth and development of fungi, making it valuable in crop protection.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is subject to careful handling and usage due to its potential toxicity, and adherence to safety guidelines is imperative in its application.

Its fungicidal properties contribute to its role in safeguarding crops from diseases that can adversely affect yield and quality.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD)'s efficacy in plant protection underscores its significance in modern agricultural practices.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) has been studied for its environmental impact and persistence to ensure responsible use in farming applications.
The chemical interactions between copper and dimethyldithiocarbamate ligands govern its fungicidal activity.

The complex nature of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) allows it to interact selectively with fungal pathogens while minimizing adverse effects on non-target organisms.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) is employed as a protective measure against diseases caused by various fungi, contributing to sustainable agriculture.

The chemical and physical properties of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) make it a suitable candidate for incorporation into fungicidal formulations.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) may exhibit coloration, and the hue of its various isomeric forms can be influenced by factors such as impurities and crystal structure.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD)'s molecular structure is determined by the coordination geometry around the copper atoms.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) may undergo chemical transformations under specific conditions, influencing its stability and reactivity.

Its agricultural applications involve the formulation of fungicidal products designed to combat specific plant pathogens.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) has a role in integrated pest management strategies, contributing to disease control in an environmentally conscious manner.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD)'s mode of action involves disrupting key processes in fungal cells, leading to the inhibition of their growth.
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD)'s effectiveness as a fungicide extends to various crops, protecting them from diseases that could compromise their health and productivity.

Research on Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) focuses not only on its fungicidal properties but also on its environmental fate and potential impacts on ecosystems.
The application of Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) in agriculture necessitates a thorough understanding of its behavior under different conditions to optimize its efficacy while minimizing environmental concerns.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Typically a crystalline or powdered solid, but it can vary.
Color: Can range from pale yellow to reddish-brown, depending on impurities and crystal structure.
Odor: May have a faint characteristic odor.
Solubility: Generally insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: Cu(N(CH₃)₂CS₂)₂ or similar, indicating coordination of copper with dimethyldithiocarbamate ligands.
Coordination Geometry: The molecular structure involves copper atoms coordinated with dimethyldithiocarbamate ligands.
Isomerism: Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate can exist in different isomeric forms with varying properties.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.

Provide Rest:
Allow the person to rest in a comfortable position.

Seek Medical Attention:
If respiratory symptoms persist or if the person has difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Remove any contaminated clothing.

Wash Skin:
Wash the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If applicable and easily removable, remove contact lenses after the initial flush.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek immediate medical attention.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse the mouth with water but do not swallow.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, as specified in the SDS.
Use respiratory protection if handling in an environment with inadequate ventilation or when airborne exposure is likely.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use local exhaust ventilation systems where possible to control airborne concentrations.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of dust or vapors.
Prevent eye contact; use protective eyewear.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the substance.

Spill Response:
In the event of a spill, follow spill response procedures outlined in the SDS.
Use appropriate absorbent materials to contain and clean up spills.

Equipment Handling:
Use corrosion-resistant equipment when handling Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD).
Ensure equipment is designed for the specific tasks involving CuDD.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from incompatible materials and sources of heat or ignition.

Temperature Control:
Store at temperatures specified in the SDS. Avoid extremes of temperature.

Container Compatibility:
Store Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) in containers made of compatible materials as specified in the SDS.
Check for any signs of container deterioration or damage.

Segregation:
Store Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) away from incompatible substances, such as acids, strong bases, and reducing agents.

Security Measures:
Implement appropriate security measures to prevent unauthorized access.
Clearly label storage areas with hazard information.

Handling Precautions:
Use appropriate handling and storage practices to minimize the risk of spills or leaks.
Follow proper lifting techniques when moving containers.

Fire Prevention:
Keep Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDD) away from sources of ignition.
Implement fire prevention measures in accordance with local regulations.

Compatibility:
Avoid storing CuDD with incompatible materials, and follow compatibility guidelines.



SYNONYMS


CuDD
Copper bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate complex
Bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')copper
N,N-Dimethyl-N'-phenylthiourea copper complex
Cuprozone
Cuprozin
CUPROZIN (copper fungicide)
Cuprous dimethyldithiocarbamate
Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid copper complex
Polyram® DF
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato)copper
Copper N,N-dimethyl-N'-phenylthiourea complex
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate sulfate
Copper 1,2-dithio-N,N-dimethylcarbamate
Cuprous dimethyldithiocarbamate complex
Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)copper
Copper N-methyl-N-phenylthiocarbamate complex
Cupric dimethyldithiocarbamate
Copper salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid
Dithane CU FLOWABLE
Dithane CUF
N,N-Dimethyl-N'-phenylthiourea copper
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid copper(2+) salt
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato-O,S)copper
Polyram DF
Copper dimethylcarbamodithioate
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato)copper(II)
Copper(II) dimethylcarbamodithioate
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamic acid)copper
N,N-Dimethyl-N'-phenylthiourea copper complex
CuDDF
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamic acid) copper complex
Cuprous dimethylthiocarbamate
Dithane CUF 500 FLOWABLE
Polyram DF fungicide
Polyram FLOWABLE
Copper dimethylammoniumdithiocarbamate
Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate hydroxide
Copper dimethylcarbamodithioate sulfate
CuM
Cuprous dimethyldithiocarbamate sulfate
N,N-Dimethylthiourea copper salt
Copper N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate sulfate
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato) cupric sulfate
Cupric dimethylthiocarbamate
Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)copper
Copper(II) dimethylcarbamodithioate complex
Bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato)copper
Copper(II) dimethyldithiocarbamate sulfate
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato) copper sulfate
Cuprous dimethylcarbamodithioate sulfate
Copper dimethylammoniumdithiocarbamate sulfate
Polyram Flowable fungicide
N,N-Dimethyl-N'-phenylthiourea copper sulfate
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamic acid) copper sulfate
Copper dimethylcarbamodithioate hydroxide
Cuprous dimethyldithiocarbamate hydroxide
Dithane CUF 3000 FLOWABLE
Copper N-methyl-N-phenylthiourea sulfate
Cuprozin Flowable
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato) copper hydroxide
Cuprous dimethyldithiocarbamate hydroxide sulfate
Cuprozin Flowable fungicide
Copper dimethylcarbamodithioate chloride
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamic acid) copper chloride
Copper dimethylcarbamodithioate nitrate
Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato) copper nitrate
Polyram FLOWABLE fungicide
Copper dimethylthiocarbamate thiourea sulfate
COPPER HYDROXIDE
Copper hydroxide is used as a source for Copper salts and as a mordant in dyeing textiles.
Copper hydroxide in ammonia solution, known as Schweizer's reagent, possesses the interesting ability to dissolve cellulose, which led to its use in the production of rayon.
Copper hydroxide is used widely in the aquarium industry for its ability to destroy external parasites in fish without killing the fish.

CAS Number: 20427-59-2
EC Number: 243-815-9
Chemical Formula: Cu(OH)2
Molar Mass: 97.561 g/mol

Synonyms: 20427-59-2, Copper(II) hydroxide, Copper dihydroxide, copper;dihydrate, copper(II)hydroxide, dihydroxycopper, MFCD00010968, Kuprablau, Parasol, Champ, Cuzin, Kocide, Wetcol, Cupravit blau, Comac Parasol, Cupravit Blue, Blue Shield, Technical Hydrox, Funguran OH, KOP Hydroxide, Blue Shield DF, Kocide DF, Kocide LF, Kocide SD, Champ Formula II, Nu-Cop, KOP Hydroxide WP, Spin Out FP, Kocide 101, Kocide 101PM, Kocide 220, Kocide 404, Caswell No. 242, Copper(2+) hydroxide, Kocide 2000, copper hydrate, Copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2), HSDB 262, Hydrocop T, EINECS 243-815-9, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 023401, Kocide Cupric Hydroxide Formulation Grade, Kocide Copper Hydroxide Antifouling Pigment, Cu(OH)2, Cupric Hydroxide Formulation Grade Agricultural Fungicide, DTXSID6034473, AKOS015903383, Copper(II) hydroxide, technical grade, EC 243-815-9, Copper hydroxide, Cuprichydroxide, copper;dihydroxide, 1344-69-0, COPPER(I)HYDROXIDE, 12125-21-2, Cuprous hydroxide, Copper monohydroxide, Copper(I) hydroxide, Spinout, PEI 24, EINECS 215-705-0, CuO2, CHEBI:81907, AKOS030228342, S521, C18712, Q186357, J-013306, J-520119, Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide, 12069-69-1, Carbonate hydroxyde de cuivre(2+) , Carbonic acid, copper(2+) salt, hydrate , Copper carbonate hydroxide, copper carbonate, basic , Copper hydroxide carbonate, Copper(2+)ato(2-) carbonatato(2-) hydroxido(2-), Cupric carbonate hydroxide, Kupfer(2+)carbonathydroxid , Kupfer(2+)carbonathydroxid, (Carbonato(2-))dihydroxydicopper, (Carbonato)dihydroxydicopper, 1344-66-7 , 138210-92-1 , 235-113-6 , 37396-60-4 , 39361-73-4 , BASIC COPPER CARBONATE, Basic copper(II) carbonate, Basic cupric carbonate, Carbonic acid, copper(2+) salt , Copper hydroxide carbonate (CuCO3.Cu(OH)2), Copper hydroxy carbonate, Copper hydroxy carbonate (Cu2(OH)2CO3), Copper(II) carbonate basic, Copper(II) carbonate copper(II) hydroxide , Copper(II) carbonate dihydroxide, Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide , Copper(II) carbonate, basic, Copper(II) hydroxide carbonate, Copper, (carbonato)dihydroxydi-, Copper, (μ-(carbonato(2-)-O:O'))dihydroxydi-, Copper, (μ-(carbonato(2-)-κO:κO'))dihydroxydi-, Cupric carbonate basic, Cupric carbonate hydroxide (CuCO3.Cu(OH)2), Cupric carbonate, basic, Cupric subcarbonate, dicopper carbonate dihydroxide, Dicopper dihydroxycarbonate, dicupric carbonate dihydroxide, Kop karb

Copper hydroxide is also called cupric hydroxide is a pale blue precipitate produced when sodium or potassium hydroxide is added in excess to a solution of a copper salt.
Copper hydroxide is crystalline but inert compound used in the preparation of a wide variety of salts.
Copper hydroxide is prepared by adding just sufficient aqueous ammonia to cupric sulphate to hold the copper in solution and then precipitating the hydroxide either by the addition of an equivalent quantity of alkali by removing ammonia from the solution using a dessicator.

Copper Hydroxide is a highly water insoluble crystalline Copper source for uses compatible with higher (basic) pH environments.
Hydroxide, the OH- anion composed of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, is commonly present in nature and is one of the most widely studied molecules in physical chemistry.

Hydroxide compounds have diverse properties and uses, from base catalysis to detection of carbon dioxide.
In a watershed 2013 experiment, scientists at JILA (the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics) achieved evaporative cooling of compounds for the first time using hydroxide molecules, a discovery that may lead to new methods of controlling chemical reactions and could impact a range of disciplines, including atmospheric science and energy production technologies.

Copper Hydroxide is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.

The orthorhombic nature of copper hydroxide crystals was determined by X ray diffraction.
Copper hydroxide can act as a heterogeneous catalyst in the selective oxidative cross coupling of terminal alkynes to yield their corresponding ynamides.

A bright blue-green gel or light blue powder.
Cupric hydroxide will decompose with time or heat to form black copper oxide.

Copper hydroxide is used as a source for Copper salts and as a mordant in dyeing textiles.
Copper hydroxide reacts with Ammonium hydroxide to form the cuprammonium ion that is capable of dissolving Cellulose.

Copper hydroxide is used in the manufacture of rayon.
Copper hydroxide has also been reported as a component in marine corrosion crusts on copper alloys.

Copper hydroxide is the hydroxide of copper with the chemical formula of Cu(OH)2.
Copper hydroxide is a pale greenish blue or bluish green solid.

Some forms of Copper hydroxide are sold as "stabilized" Copper hydroxide, although they likely consist of a mixture of copper(II) carbonate and hydroxide.
Cupric hydroxide is a strong base, although Copper hydroxides low solubility in water makes this hard to observe directly.

Copper hydroxide (chemical formula Cu(OH)2) is the hydroxide of the metal copper.
The typical color of copper hydroxide is blue.

Some forms of Copper hydroxide are sold as "stabilized" copper hydroxide, quite likely a mixture of copper(II) carbonate and hydroxide.
These are often greener in color.

Coppers, fixed – copper hydroxide, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, includes products exempted from EPA tolerance, provided, that, copper-based materials must be used in a manner that minimizes accumulation in the soil and shall not be used as herbicides.

Copper hydroxide is the hydroxide of the metal copper with the chemical formula of CuOH.
Copper hydroxide is a mild, highly unstable alkali.

The color of pure Copper hydroxide is yellow or orange-yellow, but Copper hydroxide usually appears rather dark red because of impurities.
Copper hydroxide is extremely easily oxidized even at room temperature.

Copper hydroxide is useful for some industrial processes and in preventing condensation of formaldehyde.
Copper hydroxide is also an important reactant and intermediate for several important products including Cu2O3 and Cu(OH)2.

Additionally, Copper hydroxide can act as a catalyst in the synthesis pyrimidopyrrolidone derivatives.
Copper hydroxide used as fungicides.

A mixture of copper hydroxide and copper sulfate is also used as insecticides and pesticides.
Malachite copper hydroxide is a bright green mineral used as a semiprecious stone for making ornaments.

Copper hydroxide is formed by adding a sodium hydroxide to a dilute solution of copper(II) sulfate(CuSO4·5H2O).

Copper hydroxide is an ionic compound.
Copper hydroxide undergoes dissociation to produce Cu2+ cation and OH- anion.
Cu is a metal and oxygen is non-metal so the bond between Cu and Oxygen is ionic in nature.

Copper hydroxide is a hydrated copper oxide, and Copper hydroxide does provide some concentration of OH- ions when Copper hydroxide is in the presence of acids (H3O+).
However, Copper hydroxide is largely insoluble in water.
Therefore, copper hydroxide would not be considered an alkali, but rather a weak base.

Copper hydroxide used as a fungicide.
Copper hydroxide which is used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores is known as fungicide.

Copper hydroxide is a quite inexpensive and abundant material, but the literature contains no reports of using Copper hydroxide as a stable water oxidation catalyst (WOC).
In this study, we report for the first time that Cu(OH)2 material synthesized from a simple copper salt can be used as a WOC with good activity and stability.
Under optimal conditions using Cu(OH)2 as the electrocatalyst, a catalytic current density of 0.1 mA/cm2 can be achieved under an applied potential of ∼1.05 V relative to Ag/AgCl at pH 9.2.

The slope of the Tafel plot is 78 mV/dec.
The Tafel plot indicates that a current density of ∼0.1 mA/cm2 requires an overpotential of 550 mV.

The Faradaic efficiency was measured to be ∼95%.
The as-synthesized Cu(OH)2 material was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Copper hydroxide is used as a fungicide for agriculture, as a mordant, as a source for copper salts, and for the manufacturing of rayon.

Applications of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide based monoliths can be used in the synthesis of copper hydroxide-based monolithic xerogels.
Potential applications of this metal organic frameworks (MOFs) include gas storage, separation, drug delivery, and biomedicine.
Supported Cu(OH)x can be used as a catalyst for the aerobic cross dehydrogenative coupling of benzenethiols and cyclic amides to yield N-acylsulfenamides.

Copper hydroxide is an important intermediate in the formation of copper(I) oxide (Cu2O).
The Cu2O compound has versatile applications such as for use in solar cells, for the oxidation of fiberglass, and for use in lithium ion batteries.

Copper hydroxide has even been shown to have a useful application in the development of DNA biosensors for the hepatitis B virus.
Notably, Copper hydroxide has been found that both CuOH and Cu(OH)2 must be simultaneously present for the synthesis of Cu2O.

Uses of Copper Hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide fungicides, first developed in the 1970’s, have become favored for most fungicide applications.
A mixture of copper hydroxide and copper sulfate is used as insecticides and pesticides.

Malachite copper hydroxide carbonate a bright green mineral used as an ore of copper and as a semiprecious stone for making ornaments.
Copper hydroxide has been used as an effective biocides as wood preservatives.

Copper hydroxide in ammonia solution, known as Schweizer's reagent, possesses the interesting ability to dissolve cellulose.
This property led to Copper hydroxide being used in the production of rayon, a cellulose fiber.

Copper hydroxide is also used widely in the aquarium industry for Copper hydroxides ability to destroy external parasites in fish, including flukes, marine ich, Brooklynellosis, and marine velvet, without killing the fish.
Although other water-soluble copper compounds can be effective in this role, they generally result in high fish mortality.

Copper hydroxide has been used as an alternative to the Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide and nematicide.
Copper hydroxide is also occasionally used as ceramic colorant.

Copper hydroxide has been combined with latex paint, making a product designed to control root growth in potted plants.
Secondary and lateral roots thrive and expand, resulting in a dense and healthy root system.

Copper hydroxide was sold under the name Spin Out, which was first introduced by Griffin L.L.C.
Copper hydroxide is now sold as Microkote either in a solution you apply yourself, or as treated pots.

Copper hydroxide has been used as an alternative to the Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide and nematacide.
Nowadays, Copper hydroxide is disfavored because of environmental contamination problems.
Copper hydroxide is also occasionally used as ceramic colorant.

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Architectural and electrical products
Industrial Use
Intermediates
Metal Recovery
Metals recovery
Solids separation agents
Used as a smelter feedstock for metal recovery
Used as smelter feedstock for metal recovery
used as smelter feedstock for metal recovery

Use as an organic reagent:
Copper hydroxide has a rather specialized role in organic synthesis.
Often, when Copper hydroxide is utilized for this purpose, Copper hydroxide is prepared in situ by mixing a soluble copper(II) salt and potassium hydroxide.

Copper hydroxide is sometimes used in the synthesis of aryl amines.
For example, Copper hydroxide catalyzes the reaction of ethylenediamine with 1-bromoanthraquinone or 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone to form 1-((2-aminoethyl)amino)anthraquinone or 1-amino-4-((2-aminoethyl)amino)anthraquinone, respectively.

Copper hydroxide also converts acid hydrazides to carboxylic acids at room temperature.
This is especially useful in synthesizing carboxylic acids with other fragile functional groups.
The published yields are generally excellent as is the case with the production of benzoic acid and octanoic acid.

Structure of Copper hydroxide:
The structure of Copper hydroxide has been determined by X-ray crystallography The copper center is square pyramidal.
Four Cu-O distances in the plane range are 1.96 Å, and the axial Cu-O distance is 2.36 Å.

The hydroxide ligands in the plane are either doubly bridging or triply bridging.
Copper hydroxide can be a linear molecule of the symmetry group C∞v.

For the linear structure, the bond distance of the Cu-O bond has been found to be 1.788 Å and the distance of the O-H bond has been found to be 0.952 Å.
The Copper hydroxide bond angle was measured as 180°.

There is also the possibility of a formed Copper hydroxide with the point group Cs.
This has been found to have increased stability compared to the linear geometry.

In this case, the bond distance of the Cu-O bond was 1.818 Å and the bond distance of the O-H bond was 0.960 Å.
The bond angle for this geometry was 131.9°.
Copper hydroxide is highly ionic in character, which is why this angle is not exactly 120°.

Spectroscopic characterization of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide has been characterized spectroscopically using intracavity laser spectroscopy, single vibronic level emission, and microwave spectroscopic detection.

Reagent for organic chemistry of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide has a rather specialized role in organic synthesis.
Often, when Copper hydroxide is utilized for this purpose, Copper hydroxide is prepared in situ by mixing a soluble copper(II) salt and potassium hydroxide.

Copper hydroxide is sometimes used in the synthesis of aryl amines.
For example, Copper hydroxide catalyzes the reaction of ethylenediamine with 1-bromoanthraquinone or 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone to form 1-((2-aminoethyl)amino)anthraquinone or 1-amino-4-((2-aminoethyl)amino)anthraquinone.

Copper hydroxide also converts acid hydrazides to carboxylic acids at room temperature.
This conversion is useful in the synthesis of carboxylic acids in the presence of other fragile functional groups.
The yields are generally excellent as is the case with the production of benzoic acid and octanoic acid.

Copper (I) vs other oxidation states of Copper hydroxide:
Cu+ and Cu2+ are the most common oxidation states of copper although Cu3+ and Cu4+ have also been reported.

Cu2+ tends to form stable compounds whereas Cu+ usually forms unstable compounds such as Copper hydroxide.
One exception to this is Cu2O, which is much more stable.

However, aside from Copper hydroxide, compounds containing Cu+ have not been studied as extensively as Cu2+ compounds due to their relative instability.
This includes Copper hydroxide.

Reactions of Copper hydroxide:
Moist samples of Copper hydroxide slowly turn black due to the formation of copper(II) oxide.
When Copper hydroxide is dry, however, Copper hydroxide does not decompose unless Copper hydroxide is heated to 185°C.

Copper hydroxide reacts with a solution of ammonia to form a deep blue solution consisting of the [Cu(NH3)4]2+ complex ion, but the hydroxide is reformed when the solution is diluted with water.
Copper hydroxide in ammonia solution, known as Schweizer's reagent, possesses the interesting ability to dissolve cellulose.
This property led to Copper hydroxide being used in the production of rayon, a cellulosic fiber.

Since Copper hydroxide is mildly amphoteric, Copper hydroxide dissolves slightly in concentrated alkali, forming [Cu(OH)4]2-.

Similar to iron(II) hydroxide, Copper hydroxide can easily oxidise into Copper hydroxide:
4CuOH + 2H2O + O2 <=> 4Cu(OH)2

Production of Copper hydroxide:

Copper hydroxide can be produced by adding sodium hydroxide to a solution of a soluble copper(II) salt, such as copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O):
2NaOH + CuSO4·5H2O → Cu(OH)2 + 6H2O + Na2SO4

The precipitate produced in this manner, however, often contains water and an appreciable amount of sodium containing impurities.
A purer product can be attained if ammonium chloride is added to the solution beforehand.

Alternatively, copper hydroxide is readily made by electrolysis of water (containing a little electrolyte such as sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate) with a copper anode:
Cu + 2OH− → Cu(OH)2 + 2e−

Producing Process of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide is produced by a reaction of copper oxychloride in an aqueous suspension with alkali hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the presence of a stabilizing agent and the product is separated and washed.
To improve the stability of the copper hydroxide and to avoid a black coloring by copper oxide, inorganic silicon compounds which contain hydroxyl groups (SiOH) in the molecules or form such groups in an aqueous medium are added to the suspension.
Copper hydroxide is desirable to use particulate solid silicic acids or silicic acids which are soluble in water or colloidally dissolved.

Copper hydroxide (as the rarely occurring mineral spertiniite) is formed under alkaline, oxidising conditions.
Copper hydroxide has been observed as a naturally occurring corrosion product of brass in sea water.

But most occurrences on copper alloys are due to conservation treatments using basic solutions (sodium hydroxide or ammonia) or to intentional patination.
Classical brass centrepieces (c. 1800), ‘cleaned’ with ammonia solution, developed a blue spertiniite patina in gaps, where evaporation was hindered.

Additional to the danger of stress corrosion cracking this is another reason now outlawing this treatment.
Copper pigment layers will transform to copper hydroxide when exposed to bases.

The treatment of basic copper salts with bases has been used intentionally in the production of Bremen blue and similar pigments which can be composed of copper hydroxide as well.
When concentrated ammonia solution (ammonium hydroxide) is added to a clear, light blue, aqueous solution of copper(II) chloride, a powdery, light blue precipitate of Copper hydroxide forms.

Further addition of ammonia causes the copper ion to go back into solution as a deep blue ammonia complex.
The addition of 12M sulfuric acid reverses the changes through the copper hydroxide precipate back to clear, light blue color of the original solution.

This is less reactive than copper carbonate basic and more reactive than cupric oxide (CuO).
This material does not contribute to CO2 bubbling in glazes.

Copper Hydroxide has a fairly complex decomposition as Copper hydroxide is heated to melting point.
Around 185C Copper hydroxide loses about 18% weight as Copper hydroxide decomposes to the heat stable CuO (cupric oxide) which remains stable until 1000C.
Around 1050C about 6.5% is lost, likely involving partial loss of oxygen to form a mix of cuprous and cupric oxides.

Please check the accompanying curve to see the history of weight loss as this is fired.
You can see how much weight Copper hydroxide lost, where Copper hydroxide occurs and how fast Copper hydroxide happens.
Compare this with Copper Carbonate Basic to see the difference.

Copper hydroxide is the hydroxide of copper with the chemical formula of Cu(OH)2.
Copper hydroxide is a pale greenish blue or bluish green solid.

Some forms of Copper hydroxide are sold as "stabilized" Copper hydroxide, although they likely consist of a mixture of copper(II) carbonate and hydroxide.
Cupric hydroxide is a strong base, although Copper hydroxides low solubility in water makes this hard to observe directly.

Field of the invention:
Our present invention relates to a process of producing stabilized Copper hydroxide i.e. Copper hydroxide from copper oxychloride by a reaction with basic substances.

Background of the invention:
The process of producing Copper hydroxide from copper oxychloride known uses phosphate ions to ensure that the product will be stable and storable.
These phosphate ions are added before the copper oxychloride suspended in an aqueous phase is reacted with alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, the precipitated Copper hydroxide formed by the reaction is washed and the resuspended Copper hydroxide is stabilized by a treatment with acid phosphate with an adjustment of a pH value between 7.5 and 9.

That process consists of a plurality of steps, at high labor and equipment cost.
For this reason Copper hydroxide is also known to produce Copper hydroxide without a subsequent pH adjustment.
This process has the disadvantage that the Copper hydroxide product is converted at least in part to black copper(II) oxide during prolonged storage or earlier during a drying treatment.

Objects of the invention:
Copper hydroxide is the general object of our invention to provide a method of making stable Copper hydroxide which obviates the disadvantages of the prior art processes.
Copper hydroxide is another object of the invention to provide for the production of Copper hydroxide from copper oxychloride a process which involves only low labor and equipment costs so that Copper hydroxide can be carried out in a simple manner and which results in a stable, storable Copper hydroxide.

Description of the invention:
Copper hydroxide is produced by a reaction of hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the presence of a stabilizing agent separating and washing the product.
In accordance with the invention in the stabilizing agent consists of one or more inorganic silicon compounds which contain hydroxyl groups (SiOH, silanol groups) in the molecule or form such groups in an aqueous medium and is added an amount of 1 to 10% by weight of the solid Copper hydroxide.

By the addition of one or more of these substances in accordance with the invention a stabilization of the precipitated copper hydroxide is effected in a simple manner and even a partial conversion of the copper hydroxide to black copper(II) oxide will be avoided during a prolonged storage as a suspension and during recovery of dry Copper hydroxide.
Within the scope of the invention, suitable stabilizing agents include particulate solid silicic acids or silicic acids which are dissolved or colloidally dispersed in a aqueous medium.

Those additives which are insoluble in water are directly added to the aqueous suspension of a freshly prepared copper oxychloride.
In that case the additives are added to the copper oxychloride suspension in the reaction vessel immediately before the reaction with alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide.

Stabilizing agents which are soluble in water or colloidally dispersible therein are suitably added to a separately prepared Copper hydroxide suspension immediately after the washing and filtering process.
Suitable water-insoluble inorganic silicon compounds which contain hydroxyl groups in the molecule or form such groups in an aqueous medium include pyrogenic silicic acids, such as silicic acids formed by a thermal decomposition of silicon tetrachloride in an oxyhydrogen gas flame.

Such pyrogenic silicic acids generally have a particle diameter between 10 and 20 millimicrons and will improve also the physical properties of the final product, for instance, the aqueous suspensibility or wettability of the copper hydroxide.
Particulate silica can similarly be used.

A properly classified silica having a particle size between 10 and 80 millimicrons is preferred in that case.
In an aqueous medium, the solid silicic acids tend to take up water molecules by an addition reaction with formation of hydrogen-bond bridges so that a large proportion of SiOH groups is formed.

Substances which may be used to form a stabilized copper hydroxide in the process in accordance with the invention include also the silicic acids which are soluble in water or colloidally dissolved, such as the orthosilicic acid, metasilicic acid or polysilicic acids.
Suitable stabilizing agents include, e.g., silica sols or silica gels made from water-glass solutions by an addition of dilute acids.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, dissolved alkali metal silicate may be used, e.g., in the form of a water-glass solution.

As noted, in the process in accordance with the invention the inorganic silicon compounds are used in an amount equal to 1 to 10% by weight of the solid Copper hydroxide.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention a stabilized Copper hydroxide is produced in a process in which the stabilizing agent is used in an amount of 2 to 5% of the solid Copper hydroxide.

In another desirable embodiment of the invention, a stabilizer is selected which will also improve important physical properties of the final product, such as Copper hydroxides water suspensibility and wettability, which properties are required for various uses, particularly in agriculture for the protection of crops with copper-containing agents.
Pyrogenic silicic acids are particularly suitable for that purpose.

In the process in accordance with the invention Copper hydroxide is also necessary to take care and to ensure that the suspension of the stabilized Copper hydroxide has a pH value in the range from 7.5 to 9.
This is accomplished in a simple manner by washing or by addition of phosphoric acid.

The process in accordance with the invention has numerous advantages.
For instance the washing water which becomes available in the process in accordance with the invention contains virtually no substances which pollute the effluent.

The mother liquor and part of the spent washing water which becomes available can be recycled and re-used to suspend the copper oxychloride employed as a starting product, although the concentration of the alkaline solution must be increased in that case from an initial value of 2 to 5 grams per liter to 4 to 10 grams per liter.
The stabilized Copper hydroxide produced by the process in accordance with the invention contains 45 to 61 wt.% copper.

Copper hydroxide has a particle size of 0.1 to 5 microns and Copper hydroxides physical and chemical composition will not change even with storage over several years.
The Copper hydroxide produced by the process in accordance with the invention is particularly suitable for making other copper compounds, for the further processing to copper-based coloring materials and for the production of preparations for the protection of crops.

Specific examples:
The invention will be explained more in detail by the following Examples.

Example 1:
116 liters of a freshly prepared suspension of copper oxychloride having a solids content of 860 grams per liter are mixed with stirring with 3 kg pyrogenic silicic acid finely dispersed in 600 liters water.
A solution of 36 kg caustic soda in 150 liters water was subsequently quickly admixed, while a reaction temperature of up to 25° C was maintained.

The reaction was completed after a few minutes; this was apparent from an intense blue color of the resulting Copper hydroxide.
The resulting Copper hydroxide was subsequently washed with water on a rotary filter.

This resulted in a decrease of the pH value to 7.5 to 9.
The product obtained could be processed further as a suspension or after having been dried to a powder.
No formation of copper(II) oxide with development of a black color has noted during the storage of the liquid product or during the drying of the product.

Example 2:
The process of Example 1 was repeated but the water employed as a suspension medium for the copper oxychloride used as a starting product was replaced by the mother liquor enriched with caustic soda solution and by part of the spent washing water.
The sodium chloride contained in that water had an influence only in that the concentration of the alkaline solution had to be increased from 4 g/l in Example 1 to 7 g/l.

Claims:
A method of producing Copper hydroxide which comprises reacting copper oxychloride in an aqueous suspension with a substance selected from the group consisting of alkali hydroxide and alkaline earth metal hydroxide, adding as a stabilizer agent for the Copper hydroxide at least one inorganic silicon compound selected from the group consisting of silicon compounds containing hydroxyl groups in their molecules and silicon compounds forming hydroxyl groups in an aqueous medium, in a quantity of 1 to 10% by weight of the solid Copper hydroxide formed; and recovering and washing the said Copper hydroxide thus formed.
The method defined in claim 1 wherein said silicon compound is a compound selected from the group which consists of particulate solid silicic acid, water-soluble silicic acid, and colloidally dissolved silicic acid.

The method defined in claim 2 wherein said silicon compound is selected from the group which consists of orthosilicic acid, metasilicic acid or polysilicic acid.
The method defined in claim 1 wherein said compound is particulate pyrogenic silicic acid produced by a decomposition of silicon tetrachloride.

The method defined in claim 1 wherein said compound is a particulate silica having a particle size of 10 to 80 millimicrons.
The method defined in claim 1 wherein said compound is an alkali metal silicate.
The method defined in claim 1 wherein said inorganic silicon compound is used in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight of the solid Copper hydroxide.

Preparation of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide can be made by adding very dilute sodium hydroxide to a soluble copper(II) salt, and not the other way around.
The hydroxide precipitates, with the best samples precipitating in colder solutions.
In excessively basic conditions, the hydroxide formed will rapidly convert to copper(II) oxide, which is exacerbated by heating.

If aqueous ammonia is used instead of sodium hydroxide, the Copper hydroxide precipitated has much greater air stability, but if excess ammonia is added, the hydroxide will begin to dissolve, forming the deep blue tetraammine copper(II) complex.
A diluted solution of sodium hydroxide is then added to precipitate the Copper hydroxide from the solution, and this route has the advantage of preventing local hotspots which cause the formation of copper(II) oxide.

Very pure copper hydroxide can also be made via electrolysis of water with a copper anode, containing small amounts of sodium sulfate.

The dissociation of Cu(OH)2- leads to the formation of Copper hydroxide.
Cu(OH)2- <=> CuOH + OH-

The dissociation energy required for this reaction is 62 ± 3 kcal/mol.

Another method is by the double displacement of CuCl and NaOH:
CuCl + NaOH <=> NaCl + CuOH

Notably, this method is rarely used because the Copper hydroxide produced will gradually dehydrate and eventually turn into Cu2O.

General Manufacturing Information of Copper hydroxide:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
Computer and electronic product manufacturing
Mining (except oil and gas) and support activities
Other - Secondary Precious Metals Reclaimers
Primary metal manufacturing

Synthesis of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide can be produced by adding a small amount of sodium hydroxide to a dilute solution of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4 · 5H2O).
The precipitate produced in this manner, however, often contains an appreciable amount of sodium hydroxide impurity and a purer product can be attained if ammonium chloride is added to the solution beforehand.

Alternatively, copper hydroxide is readily made by electrolysis of water (containing a little electrolyte such as sodium bicarbonate).
A copper anode is used, often made from scrap copper.

"Copper in moist air slowly acquires a dull green coating. The green material is a 1:1 mole mixture of Cu(OH)2 and CuCO3."
2Cu(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g) + O2(g) ---> Cu(OH)2(s) + CuCO3(s)

Catalytic activity of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide can act as a catalyst.
Copper hydroxide has been found to be useful in the reaction of heterocyclic ketene aminals (an important building block) with diazoesters.

This reaction is used to synthesize pyrimidopyrrolidone derivatives with high yields and mild reaction conditions needed.
As a catalyst in these reactions, Copper hydroxide is used with potassium tert-butoxide and argon with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and dichloroethane.

25 examples of these reactions were successfully performed.
Chemicals in the pyrrolidone family have been useful for drug development, including pharmaceuticals for the neuroprotection after strokes and in anti-seizure medications.

Although these are psychoactive drugs, they tend to have fewer side effects than their counterparts.
The mechanisms by which these drugs work have yet to be established.

Copper hydroxide is stable to about 100 °C.
Copper hydroxide reacts with a solution of ammonia to form a deep blue solution of tetramminecopper [Cu(NH3)4]2+ complex ion.

Copper hydroxide catalyzes the oxidation of ammonia solutions in presence of dioxygen, giving rise to copper ammine nitrites, such as Cu(NO2)2(NH3)n.
Copper hydroxide is mildly amphoteric.
Copper hydroxide dissolves slightly in concentrated alkali, forming [Cu(OH)4]2−.

Other Copper hydroxides:
Together with other components, Copper hydroxides are numerous.
Several copper(II)-containing minerals contain hydroxide.
Notable examples include azurite, malachite, antlerite, and brochantite.
Azurite (2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2) and malachite (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2) are hydroxy-carbonates, whereas antlerite (CuSO4·2Cu(OH)2) and brochantite (CuSO4·3Cu(OH)2) are hydroxy-sulfates.

Many synthetic Copper hydroxide derivatives have been investigated.

Chemical Properties of Copper Hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid forms copper sulfate and water.

The chemical equation is given below.
Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + 2 H2O

Mineral of Copper hydroxide:
The mineral of the formula Cu(OH)2 is called spertiniite.
Copper hydroxide is rarely found as an uncombined mineral because Copper hydroxide slowly reacts with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to form a basic copper(II) carbonate.

Thus copper slowly acquires a dull green coating in moist air by the reaction:
2 Cu(OH)2 + CO2 → Cu2CO3(OH)2 + H2O

The green material is in principle a 1:1 mole mixture of Cu(OH)2 and CuCO3.
This patina forms on bronze and other copper alloy statues such as the Statue of Liberty.

Occurrence of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide has been known since copper smelting began around 5000 BC although the alchemists were probably the first to manufacture Copper hydroxide by mixing solutions of lye (sodium or potassium hydroxide) and blue vitriol (copper(II) sulfate).
Sources of both compounds were available in antiquity.

Copper hydroxide was produced on an industrial scale during the 17th and 18th centuries for use in pigments such as blue verditer and Bremen green.
These pigments were used in ceramics and painting.

Natural occurrence:
Copper hydroxide is found in several different copper minerals, most notably azurite, malachite, antlerite, and brochantite.
Azurite (2CuCO3 • Cu(OH)2 ) and malachite (CuCO3 • Cu(OH)2) are carbonates while antlerite (CuSO4 • 2Cu(OH)2) and brochantite (CuSO4 • 3Cu(OH)2) are sulfates.
Copper hydroxide is rarely found as an uncombined mineral because Copper hydroxide slowly reacts with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to form a basic copper(II) carbonate.

History of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide has been known to man since copper smelting began around 5000 BCE although the alchemists were probably the first to manufacture Copper hydroxide.
This was easily done by mixing solutions of lye and blue vitriol, both chemicals which were known in antiquity.

Copper hydroxide was produced on an industrial scale during the 17th and 18th centuries for use in pigments such as blue verditer and Bremen green.
These pigments were used in ceramics and painting.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Copper hydroxide:

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion:
Ionic copper is absorbed from the stomach, duodenum, & jejunum.
The initial absorption is about 30%, but the effective net absorption is only about 5% due to excretion of copper into the bile; biliary copper is bound to protein, & this complex is not reabsorbed.

Absorption is influenced by a number of factors including the chemical forms of copper: oxides, hydroxides, iodides, glutamates, citrates, & pyrophosphates of copper are readily absorbed, but copper sulfides & other water insoluble salts are poorly absorbed.
Copper complexes of some amino acids are easily absorbed, whereas copper porphyrins present in meat are very poorly absorbed.

Handling and storage of Copper hydroxide:

Storage:
Dry copper hydroxide should be stored in closed plastic bottles.

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.

Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.

Wash hands after
working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Keep in a dry place.
Air and moisture sensitive.

Store under argon.
Hygroscopic.
Store at controlled room temperature (15 to 30°C).

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1B: Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

Stability and reactivity of Copper hydroxide:

Reactivity:
No data available

Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with:
Strong acids
Acid anhydrides

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
No data available

Safety of Copper hydroxide:
Copper hydroxide is mostly safe, but oral and skin exposure should be limited when wet, as Copper hydroxide is sparingly soluble, and the general trend among soluble copper compounds is that they act as irritants and are mildly toxic.
Dilute hydrochloric acid in the stomach may react with Copper hydroxide to form copper(II) chloride, which is more of a concern.

First aid measures of Copper hydroxide:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Take a fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Copper hydroxide:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Copper oxides
Not combustible.
Ambient fire may liberate hazardous vapours.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Copper hydroxide:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid generation and inhalation of dusts in all circumstances.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Exposure controls/personal protection of Copper hydroxide:

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Tightly fitting safety goggles.

Skin protection:
This recommendation applies only to the product stated in the safety data sheet, supplied by us and for the designated use.
When dissolving in or mixing with other substances and under conditions deviating from those stated in EN 16523-1 please contact the supplier of CE-approved gloves.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L

Body Protection:
protective clothing

Respiratory protection:
required when dusts are generated.

Our recommendations on filtering respiratory protection are based on the following standards:
DIN EN 143, DIN 14387 and other accompanying standards relating to the used respiratory protection system.

Recommended Filter type: Filter type P3
The entrepeneur has to ensure that maintenance, cleaning and testing of respiratory protective devices are carried out according to the instructions of the producer.
These measures have to be properly documented.

Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains

Identifiers of Copper hydroxide:
CAS Number: 20427-59-2
ChemSpider: 144498
ECHA InfoCard: 100.039.817
KEGG: C18712
PubChem CID: 164826
UNII: 3314XO9W9A
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID6034473
InChI:
InChI=1S/Cu.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2
Key: JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI=1/Cu.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2
Key: JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-NUQVWONBAH
SMILES: [Cu+2].[OH-].[OH-]

Linear Formula: Cu(OH)2
MDL Number: MFCD00010968
EC No.: 243-815-9
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 164826
IUPAC Name: copper dihydroxide
SMILES: [Cu+2].[OH-].[OH-]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/Cu.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2
InchI Key: JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Properties of Copper hydroxide:
Chemical formula: Cu(OH)2
Molar mass: 97.561 g/mol
Appearance: Blue or blue-green solid
Density: 3.368 g/cm3, solid
Melting point: 80 °C (176 °F; 353 K) approximate, decomposes into CuO
Solubility in water: negligible
Solubility product (Ksp): 2.20 x 10−20[1]
Solubility:
İnsoluble in ethanol;
Soluble in NH4OH
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): +1170.0·10−6 cm3/mol

Cu(OH)2: Copper Hydroxide
Density: 3.37 g/cm³
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 97.561 g/mol
pH: 7.69
Melting Point: 80° C
Chemical Formula: Cu(OH)2

Odour: Fishy odour
Appearance: Blue or bluish green solid
Covalently-Bonded Unit: 3
Heavy Atom Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor: 2
Solubility: Insoluble in water

Molecular Weight: 99.58:
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2:
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2:
Rotatable Bond Count: 0:
Exact Mass: 98.950726:
Monoisotopic Mass: 98.950726:
Topological Polar Surface Area: 2 Ų:
Heavy Atom Count: 3:
Complexity: 2.8:
Isotope Atom Count: 0:
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0:
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0:
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0:
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0:
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3:
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Thermochemistry of Copper hydroxide:
Std molar entropy (So298): 108 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −450 kJ·mol−1

Related compounds of Copper hydroxide:
Copper(I) oxide
Copper(I) chloride

Other anions:
Copper(II) oxide
Copper(II) carbonate
Copper(II) sulfate
Copper(II) chloride

Other cations:
Nickel(II) hydroxide
Zinc hydroxide
Iron(II) hydroxide
Cobalt hydroxide

Names of Copper hydroxide:

IUPAC name:
Copper(II) hydroxide

Other name:
Cupric hydroxide

MeSH of Copper hydroxide:
Cu(OH)2
cupric hydroxide
COPPER OXIDE
Copper oxide or cupric oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuO.
Copper oxide as a naturally occurring compound produced from mining, it is also used as a precursor to other cooper applications, including fungicide and wood preservatives.
Copper oxide a black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being Cu2O or copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide).

CAS Number: 1317-38-0
Molecular Formula: CuO
Molecular Weight: 79.55
EINECS Number: 215-269-1

Copper oxide is a product of copper mining and the precursor to many other copper-containing products and chemical compounds.
Mainly used in wood preservatives, ceramics, and mineral supplements for animal feed.
Copper oxide nanoparticles (NPCuO) have industrial applications as antimicrobial agents in textiles and paints, and catalysts in organic synthesis.

Copper oxide is also occasionally used for animal feed, but incorrectly, as its copper bioavailability is inferior to of a number of other compounds including cupric acetate and alkaline Cu carbonate.
Other uses include preparation of superconductors, manufacture of batteries, and as a catalyst for various industrial processes.
Black monoclinic crystal or black to brown-black amorphous crystalline powder; Insoluble in water and alcohol; soluble in dilute acid, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate and potassium cyanide.

Copper oxide is a product of copper mining and the precursor to many other copper-containing products and chemical compounds.
Copper oxide a black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being Cu2O or copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide).
As a mineral, Copper oxide is known as tenorite.

They may also be produced from electronic wastes.
Copper oxide poses potential health and environmental concern due to toxic and mutagenic particles generating reactive oxygen species.
Copper oxide or cupric oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuO.

Copper oxide is used for blue-green pigmentation in ceramics.
In this capacity, Copper oxide is used as an antifouling paint agent for boat hulls, and other outdoor, freshwater, and seawater wood constructions.
As a mineral, Copper oxide is known as tenorite.

Copper oxides are p-type semiconductor materials with small band gap energy.
High physical and chemical stability of metal oxide nanoparticles renders them extremely useful in catalytic applications.
The structures of the compounds are monoclinic.

Nanoscaled Copper oxide compounds can be prepared by thermal plasma technology.
Copper oxide a study reports its antimicrobial properties.
Copper oxide, or copper (II) oxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuO.

Copper oxide is used as a precursor in many copper-containing products such as wood preservatives and ceramics.
Copper oxide may be found in over-the-counter vitamin-mineral supplements as a source of Copper.
The mean daily dietary intake of Copper oxide in adults ranges between 0.9 and 2.2 mg 3.

Common routes of Copper oxide exposure include ingestion, dermal exposure and inhalation.
Copper oxide nanoparticles (NPCuO) have industrial applications as antimicrobial agents in textiles and paints, and catalysts in organic synthesis.
They may also be produced from electronic wastes.

Copper oxide poses potential health and environmental concern due to toxic and mutagenic particles generating reactive oxygen species.
Copper metal, metal compounds and alloys are often used in “hot” operations in the workplace.
The workplace operations include, but are not limited to, welding, brazing, soldering, plating, cutting, and metalizing.

Copper oxide at the high temperatures reached in these operations, metals often form metal fumes that have different health effects.
Copper oxide is an important industrial compound.
The reason for this is its properties.

Copper oxide has stable physical and chemical properties, high-temperature resistance and lasting effect.
Copper oxide melts above 1200 ° C and it is amphoteric, so it can dissolve in acids and alkaline solutions.
Copper oxide has a small size and no fading, and it can be used for special purposes such as in thin films and ultrafine fibers.

Moreover, Copper oxide has excellent performance, broad-spectrum bactericidal, safe and non-toxic.
Copper oxide belongs to the insoluble antibacterial additive, which has strong washing resistance.
A black solid prepared by the action of heat on copper(II) nitrate, hydroxide, or carbonate.

Copper oxide is a basic oxide and reacts with dilute acids to form solutions of copper(II) salts.
Copper oxide can be reduced to copper by heating in a stream of hydrogen or carbon monoxide.
Copper oxide can also be reduced by mixing with carbon and heating the mixture.

Copper oxide is stable up to its melting point, after which it decomposes to give oxygen, copper(I) oxide, and eventually copper.
Copper oxide is an oxide of the mineral copper.
Copper oxide is an essential element needed by the body to perform a host of functions.

Copper oxide is used by specific enzymes to help in the production of energy, to create collagen and elastin, to metabolize iron, and in many functions of the brain and central nervous system.
Copper oxide is found in health supplements such as vitamins and health aid treatments.
Copper oxide is a mineral that is needed in the body in small doses but has the ability to become toxic at high levels.

Additional supplements of Copper oxide beyond what you should get in your normal diet should be discussed with a doctor.
Copper oxide is a reddish metal, which has a very high electrical and thermal conductivity, only surpassed by the thermal conductivity of gold and the electrical conductivity of silver.
Copper oxide has a low oxidation state in most of its compounds (+2 is usual).

There are also some compounds with the oxidation state of +1.
In the presence of air, the initial salmon-red color is converted into violet red color because of the creation of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and then it blackens itself by the production of Copper oxide (CuO), and continuously exposed to moist air forms an adherent layer carbonate raincoat that is poisonous.
Copper oxide is easily attacked by halogen elements, in the occurrence of moisture, as dry bromine and chlorine have no effect, although fluoride attacks at the temperature higher than 500 °C.

Among Copper oxide is mechanical properties, its exceptional deformability and ductility stand out.
Copper oxide or cupric oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuO. A black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being Cu2O or copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide).
As a mineral, Copper oxide is known as tenorite.

Copper oxide is a product of copper mining and the precursor to many other copper-containing products and chemical compounds.
Copper oxide (CuO) is a highly insoluble thermally stable copper source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications.
Copper oxide is a black solid known as tenorite in mineral form, it can be formed by heating copper in the presence of oxygen.

Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity.
However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems.
They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation.

They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace High Purity (99.999%)
Copper oxide (CuO) Powder and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity.
Metal oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions.

Copper oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities).
Copper Oxide is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.

Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
A reddish-orange metal, copper is highly conductive to heat and electricity.
Copper oxide shares this ability with silver and gold, as these elements each have an "free agent" electron that is open to negotiations for chemical bonds with any surrounding available atom.

All the other electrons are firmly contracted to stay with their team, but this one can be easily influenced to transfer.
The metallic bond of a copper wire, for example, creates a crystalline form with a sea of electrons that are in a state of attraction to all surrounding nuclei, existing in a stable, shared state.
As a result of these valence electrons, when electricity or heat is introduced to the wire, these free electrons move through the material, creating a current.

For pharmacodynamic information of Copper oxide, refer to drug entry for Copper.
Copper oxide nanoparticles are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cytotoxicity.
In a comparative toxicity assay, nanoparticles caused significant mitochondrial depolarization leading to DNA damage.

In the human skin organ culture study, topical application of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles induced inflammatory cytokine secretion and necrosis in vitro, indicating that the nanoparticles may adhere to the skin surface and react with the local acidic environment.
Copper oxide (CuO) is better known as Cupric Oxide or black copper oxide.
Copper oxide is found in nature in the mineral tenorite and cuprite.

The other stable form of copper oxide is Copper oxide, cuprous oxide, but this oxide is readily oxidized to cupric oxide in moist air.
The primary use of Copper oxide is to make copper salts and compounds but finds use in other applications such as pottery glazes to produce blue, green or red colors.
Copper oxide is use in fireworks and pyrotechnics produces a moderate blue color when used with chlorates and other chlorinated oxidizers such as perchlorates.

Copper oxide refers to a compound composed of copper and oxygen.
There are several types of copper oxides, each with a different chemical composition and properties.
The most common ones are:

Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O): Also known as copper(I) oxide, this compound consists of copper ions with a +1 oxidation state.
Copper oxide has a red or reddish-brown color and is often used as a pigment in ceramics and glass.

Cupric Oxide (CuO): Also called copper(II) oxide, this compound consists of copper ions with a +2 oxidation state.
Copper oxide is a black powder and is commonly used as a catalyst in various chemical reactions and as a coloring agent in ceramics.

Melting point: 1326 °C
Density: 6.315
refractive index: 2.63
storage temp.: no restrictions.
solubility: Aqueous Acid (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder
color: Brown to black
Specific Gravity: 6.3-6.49
PH: 7 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,2646
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3; TWA 1 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with reducing agents, hydrogen sulfide, aluminium, alkali metals, finely powdered metals.

Copper oxide, which is a d-block element, is named cuprous or cupric based on the electronic configuration.
The main difference between cuprous and cupric is that cuprous is copper +1 cation whereas cupric is copper +2 cation.
When copper is reacted with oxygen, two stable compounds Copper oxide and CuO form.

Copper oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuO (Figure 1) also known as ‘cupric oxide’.
In this form, Cu is in the form of Cu+2 and the electron configuration of the Cu changes from [Ar]3d104s1 to [Ar]3d94s0.
Copper oxide is known as tenorite as a mineral (Figure 2). CuO can be obtained by using pyrometallurgical processes.

Copper oxide belongs to the monoclinic crystal system.
The copper atom is coordinated by 4 oxygen atoms in an approximately square planar configuration
These strong colouring oxides and compounds give an apple green colour under neutral or oxidising conditions, except in alkaline glazes when a turquoise blue is obtained.

Whilst in reducing conditions a copper red colour is produced sometimes known as sang-de-boeuf.
Copper oxide is also called as cuprous oxide, an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu2O.
Copper oxide is covalent in nature.

Copper oxide crystallizes in a cubic structure.
Copper oxide is easily reduced by hydrogen when heated.
Copper oxide undergoes disproportionation in acid solutions producing copper(II) ions and copper.

When the Copper oxide is gently heated with metallic copper, it is converted into cuprous oxide.
Copper oxide acts as a good corrosion resistance, due to reactions at the surface between the copper and the oxygen in air to give a thin protective oxide layer.
Copper oxide a widely used copper fungicide.

Copper oxide has a low aqueous solubility and a low volatility.
As a heavy metal, copper itself will not degrade in the environment.
Copper oxide is moderately toxic to mammals and most biodiversity.

Copper oxide or cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is an oxide of copper.
Copper oxide is insoluble in water and organic solvents.
Copper oxide dissolves in concentrated ammonia solution to form the colorless complex [Cu(NH3)2]+, which easily oxidizes in air to the blue [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+.

Copper oxide dissolves in hydrochloric acid to form HCuCl2 (a complex of CuCl), while dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid produce copper(II) sulfate and copper(II) nitrate, respectively.
Copper oxide is found as the mineral cuprite in some red-colored rocks.
When Copper oxide is exposed to oxygen, copper will naturally oxidize to copper(I) oxide, but this takes extensive time.

Artificial formation is usually accomplished at high temperature or at high oxygen pressure.
With further heating, copper(I) oxide will form copper(II) oxide.
Copper oxide is the basis of the Fehling's test and Benedict's test for reducing sugars which reduce an alkaline solution of a copper(II) salt and give a precipitate of Cu2O.

Copper oxide forms on silver-plated copper parts exposed to moisture when the silver layer is porous or damaged; this kind of corrosion is known as red plague.
Nanoparticles of copper oxide have gained attention due to their unique properties at the nanoscale.
They exhibit different chemical and physical characteristics compared to bulk copper oxides.

Copper oxide nanoparticles have applications in areas such as catalysis, sensors, and medical imaging.
Copper oxide or cupric oxide (CuO) is the higher oxide of copper.
As a mineral, Copper oxide is known as tenorite.

Copper oxides are crucial components in high-temperature superconductors.
These materials, known as cuprate superconductors, exhibit superconductivity at relatively high temperatures compared to traditional superconductors.
The understanding of copper oxide's role in these materials has contributed to advancements in the field of superconductivity.

For pharmacodynamic information of copper, refer to drug entry for Copper.
Copper oxide nanoparticles generate DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species at the nanoparticle surface or in solution by copper dissolved from the nanoparticle surface via Fenton-like reactions 1.
In presence of H2O2, ascorbate, or both, copper (II) oxide generates hydroxyl radical, ascorbyl radical, and superoxide anion that interact with DNA, proteins, and lipids cause oxidative damage and cell death.

Copper oxides are crucial components in high-temperature superconductors.
These materials, known as cuprate superconductors, exhibit superconductivity at relatively high temperatures compared to traditional superconductors.
The understanding of copper oxide's role in these materials has contributed to advancements in the field of superconductivity.

Copper oxide is of particular interest in the field of photovoltaics.
Copper oxide is a p-type semiconductor, and thin films of Cu2O have been investigated for their potential use in solar cells.
The unique electronic properties of copper oxide make it suitable for converting sunlight into electrical energy.

Copper oxide is known for its catalytic properties.
Copper oxide is used as a catalyst in several chemical reactions, including the water-gas shift reaction and the dehydrogenation of alcohols.
The catalytic activity of copper oxide is exploited in industrial processes for the production of various chemicals.

Copper oxide, especially cuprates, are employed as high-temperature superconductors.
These materials exhibit superconductivity at temperatures higher than traditional superconductors, which has potential applications in the development of more efficient power transmission lines and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices.
Copper oxide nanoparticles are used in antifouling coatings for marine applications.

The release of copper ions from these coatings helps prevent the attachment of marine organisms such as barnacles and algae to ship hulls, reducing drag and increasing fuel efficiency.
Nanotechnology applications often involve copper oxide nanoparticles due to their unique size-dependent properties.
These nanoparticles find applications in sensors, catalysis, and as antimicrobial agents in various consumer products.

Copper oxide plays a role in the corrosion and patination of ancient copper artifacts.
Studying the presence of different copper oxides on archaeological finds can provide insights into the historical and environmental conditions to which these artifacts were exposed.
Understanding the interactions of copper oxides with biological systems is important for assessing their environmental impact and potential health effects.

Ongoing research continues to explore novel applications for copper oxides, and their properties are being harnessed in emerging technologies.
The versatile nature of copper oxides makes them valuable in a wide range of scientific, industrial, and technological endeavors.

Production methods:
Copper powder oxidation method. Reaction equation:
4Cu + O2 → 2Cu2O
2Cu2O + 2O2 → 4CuO

CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
CuSO4 + Fe → FeSO4 + Cu↓
2Cu + O2 → 2CuO

Operating methods: roast the raw materials of copper ash and copper slag, and then heat them with gas for the initial oxidation to remove the water and organic impurities in raw materials.
The resulting primary oxides are naturally cooled, pulverized, and then subjected to secondary oxidation to obtain crude copper oxides.
Add crude copper oxides to the reactor pre-loaded 1: 1 sulfuric acid, and react under heating and stirring until the relative density of the liquid doubles and the pH value becomes 2 to 3.

After the generated copper sulfate solution stands until clarification, add iron shavings under heating and stirring conditions to replace copper, and then wash the mixture with hot water to remove sulfate and iron.
After centrifugal separation and drying, the above copper is oxidized and roasted for 8 hours at 450℃.
Then the crude products are cooled and crushed to 100 mesh.

After oxidized in oxidizing furnace, the final copper oxide powders are obtained by centrifugal separation.
2. Copper powder oxidization method: roast the raw materials of copper ash and copper slag, and then heat them with gas for the initial oxidation to remove the water and organic impurities in raw materials.
The resulting primary oxides are naturally cooled, pulverized, and then subjected to secondary oxidation to obtain crude copper oxides.

Add crude copper oxides to the reactor pre-loaded 1: 1 sulfuric acid, and react under heating and stirring until the relative density of the liquid doubles and the pH value becomes 2 to 3.
After the generated copper sulfate solution stands until clarification, add iron shavings under heating and stirring conditions to replace copper, and then wash the mixture with hot water to remove sulfate and iron.
After centrifugal separation and drying, the above copper is oxidized and roasted for 8 hours at 450℃.

Then the crude products are cooled and crushed to 100 mesh.
After oxidized in oxidizing furnace, the final copper oxide powders are obtained.
4Cu+O2→2Cu2O
Cu2O+0.5O2→2CuO

Cu0+H2S04→CuSO4+H2O
CuSO4+Fe→FeSO4+Cu↓
2Cu+O2→2CuO

It is produced on a large scale by pyrometallurgy, as one stage in extracting copper from its ores.
The ores are treated with an aqueous mixture of ammonium carbonate, ammonia, and oxygen to give copper(I) and copper(II) ammine complexes, which are extracted from the solids.
These complexes are decomposed with steam to give CuO.

It can be formed by heating copper in air at around 300–800°C:
2 Cu + O2 → 2 CuO
For laboratory uses, pure copper(II) oxide is better prepared by heating copper(II) nitrate, copper(II) hydroxide, or basic copper(II) carbonate:

2 Cu(NO3)2(s) → 2 CuO(s) + 4 NO2(g) + O2(g) (180°C)
Cu2(OH)2CO3(s) → 2 CuO(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Cu(OH)2(s) → CuO(s) + H2O(g)

Uses:
Copper oxide is used as pigments for coloring glass, ceramics, porcelain and artificial gems; in batteries and electrodes; in antifouling paints; in electroplating; in welding fluxes for bronze; in the production of rayons; for removal of sulfur from oils; in phosphor mixtures; for polishing optical glass; and as a catalyst.
Copper oxide also is used to prepare various copper compounds.
Copper oxide is found in nature as the minerals tenorite and paramelaconite.

They differ in crystalline structure: tenorite exists as triclinic crystals while paramelaconite consists of tetrahedral cubic crystals.
Copper oxide Can Used for glass, porcelain colorants, oil desulfurization agent, hydrogenation agent, organic synthesis catalyst, and also used in the manufacture of rayon, gas analysis, etc.
Copper oxide can be used as a dietary ingredient and as a nutrient.

Copper aids in the absorption of iron, in the formation of red blood cells and the proper bone formation and maintenance.
Copper oxide Can used for the coloring agents in glass, enamel and ceramic industry, the anti-wrinkle agents of paint and the polish of optical glass.
Copper oxide is used in the manufacture of dyes, organic catalyst carriers and copper compounds.

Also used in the manufacture of artificial silk and oil desulfurization agents.
Copper oxide is used as the raw materials of other nantokites and artificial gemstones.
Copper oxide can be used as a dietary ingredient and as a nutrient.

Copper aids in the absorption of iron, in the formation of red blood cells and the proper bone formation and maintenance.
Copper oxide can be used as a dietary ingredient and as a nutrient.
Copper aids in the absorption of iron, in the formation of red blood cells and the proper bone formation and maintenance.

As pigment in glass, ceramics, enamels, porcelain glazes, artificial gems; in manufacture of rayon, other Cu Compounds; in sweetening petroleum gases; in galvanic electrodes; as flux in metallurgy; in correcting Cu deficiencies in soil; as optical-glass polishing agent; in antifouling paints, pyrotechnic compositions; as exciter in phosphor mixtures; as catalyst for organic reactions; in high tempereture superconductors.
Copper oxide is one of the earliest colorants used by potters.

As previously described, Copper oxide is used to produce a blue gray in a 50% mixture with frit, a green color in oxidizing firings up to 5% where it moves toward black, and a vibrant red color in reduction firings.
Copper oxide can be used as a wash and as a brushed-on application on bisqueware.
Copper oxide is used with enamel frits to increase the adherence of glazes.

When used as a flux Copper oxide can decrease the melting temperature required to increase the fluidity in the melt of the glaze.
Copper oxide has been studied as photocatalysts, sensors, lubricant additives and batteries.
Copper oxide have also shown advantages as oxidizing agents in high speed chemical reactions over traditional cupric oxide nanoparticles.

Copper oxide is a promising p-type oxide material although with a small band gap.
Copper oxide is used in red ceramic porcelain glazes and red glasses.
Also a pigment for anti-fouling paints.

Copper oxide is used as a flux for CA metallurgy, as an optical glass polishing agent, as a pigment, in sweeting petroleum gases and in galvanic electrodes
Copper oxide is used as a catalyst in several chemical reactions.
Copper oxide is involved in processes such as the water-gas shift reaction, where it facilitates the conversion of carbon monoxide and water vapor into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Copper oxide has semiconducting properties and has been studied for use in solar cells.
Copper oxide is ability to absorb sunlight and generate an electric current makes it a potential material for photovoltaic applications.
Certain copper oxides, known as cuprate superconductors, are used in high-temperature superconductors.

These materials exhibit superconductivity at temperatures higher than traditional superconductors, and they are employed in various applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and power transmission.
Copper oxide nanoparticles are used in marine antifouling coatings.
The release of copper ions from these coatings helps prevent the attachment of marine organisms to ship hulls, reducing biofouling and improving the efficiency of vessels.

Copper oxide is used as a red pigment in ceramics and glass.
Copper oxide imparts a distinctive color to these materials and is utilized in the production of artistic and decorative items.
Copper oxide is employed in the manufacturing of electrodes, and it is used in some battery technologies.

Copper oxide is electrochemical properties make it useful in energy storage applications.
Copper oxide can form as a result of the oxidation of copper metal.
Understanding these oxidation processes is crucial in the production and refining of copper.

Copper oxide nanoparticles are utilized in various nanotechnological applications.
Their unique properties at the nanoscale make them valuable in areas such as sensors, drug delivery systems, and catalysis.
The study of copper oxides on ancient artifacts provides insights into the corrosion and patination processes over time.

This information helps archaeologists and conservators understand the historical and environmental conditions in which these artifacts were preserved.
Copper oxide nanoparticles have potential applications in medicine, including drug delivery and imaging.
Research is ongoing to explore their use in targeted drug delivery systems and as contrast agents in medical imaging.

Copper oxides, especially cuprous oxide, have applications in microelectronics and semiconductor devices.
Their semiconducting properties make them suitable for certain electronic components and integrated circuits.
Copper oxide nanoparticles are used in gas sensors.

The changes in electrical conductivity of copper oxide in the presence of specific gases make it valuable for detecting and monitoring gas concentrations, contributing to applications in environmental monitoring and safety.
Copper oxide nanoparticles are explored for their antibacterial properties.
They can be incorporated into water purification systems to inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, providing a method for water disinfection.

Copper oxide nanofluids, where nanoparticles are dispersed in a base fluid, are investigated for their enhanced thermal conductivity.
This property is exploited in heat transfer applications, such as in cooling systems for electronics.
Copper oxides, due to their vibrant colors, are used in pigments and inks for artistic and industrial applications.

Copper oxide, in particular, is used to produce blue and green colors in ceramics and printing.
Copper compounds, including copper oxide, are used in the production of colorful flames and sparks in pyrotechnic displays and fireworks.
The specific color produced depends on the copper compound used.

Copper oxide can be used as a corrosion inhibitor, particularly in systems involving water and metals.
Copper oxide helps protect metal surfaces from corrosion by forming a protective layer.
Copper oxide, including copper oxide, are used in agriculture as fungicides to control fungal diseases on crops.

Copper oxides act as protective agents, preventing the growth of fungi.
Copper oxide is sometimes added to animal feed as a nutritional supplement for livestock.
Copper is an essential trace element in animal diets, contributing to various physiological processes.

Understanding the behavior of copper oxides on artworks and artifacts is crucial in art conservation.
Conservators use this knowledge to preserve and restore items made from copper or copper alloys.
Copper oxide nanoparticles are employed in the textile industry for antimicrobial textile coatings.

These coatings help inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi on fabrics, providing antimicrobial properties to textiles.
Copper oxide as a CO2 Adsorbent: Copper oxides are investigated for their potential use in capturing and adsorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial processes and power plants.
This is part of efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.

Copper oxides are explored for their thermoelectric properties.
These materials can convert heat energy into electrical energy and are being studied for use in thermoelectric devices.
Copper oxide is used as a stationary phase in gas chromatography columns.

This application leverages the chemical reactivity of copper oxide for the separation and analysis of gas mixtures.
Copper oxide is sometimes used as a flux in welding and brazing processes.
Copper oxide helps facilitate the joining of metals by removing oxides from the metal surfaces, promoting better adhesion.

Copper oxides, especially in combination with other elements, are investigated for their magnetic properties.
This research contributes to the development of advanced magnetic materials for various technological applications.
Copper oxide nanoparticles are utilized in electrochemical sensors for the detection of various analytes.

The unique electrochemical properties of copper oxides make them valuable in sensing applications.
Copper compounds, including copper oxide, are used in water treatment to inhibit the growth of algae in reservoirs and water bodies.
This helps maintain water quality.

Copper oxide is sometimes used in cosmetics and personal care products for its color properties.
Copper oxide can be found in products like eyeshadows and nail polishes.
Copper oxide nanoparticles exhibit photocatalytic activity, meaning they can accelerate certain chemical reactions when exposed to light.

This property is explored in environmental applications, such as water purification and air treatment.
Copper oxide is studied for its potential use in fuel cells, which convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
Research in this area aims to improve the efficiency and performance of fuel cell technologies.

Copper oxide can be involved in electroplating processes, where a layer of copper is deposited onto a metal substrate.
This is commonly used in the manufacturing of electronic components.

Health Hazard:
Exposures to copper fume cause fever, chills, muscle aches, nausea, dry throat, coughing, weakness, lassitude, irritation to the eyes, nose, throat, skin, upper respiratory tract, chest tightness, nose bleed, edema, and lung damage.
Symptoms of Copper oxide fume poisoning also include metallic or sweet taste, skin itching, skin rash, skin allergy, and a greenish color to the skin, teeth, and hair.
Workers have increased risk of Wilson’s disease.

Safety Profile:
Ingesting or inhaling copper oxide dust or particles can lead to health issues.
Inhalation of copper dust may cause respiratory irritation, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
Ingesting large amounts of copper can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances, nausea, vomiting, and, in extreme cases, more severe effects such as abdominal pain and liver damage.

Direct contact with copper oxides, especially in the form of dust or fine particles, can cause skin irritation.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may result in dermatitis.
Eye contact with copper oxide particles or solutions can cause irritation, redness, and potential damage to the eyes.

Workers in industries where copper oxides are used or produced may be at risk of occupational exposure.
Proper safety measures, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilation, are essential to minimize risks.

Synonyms:
Cu(II) oxide
copper;oxygen(2-)
Cuprum oxydatum nigrum
1344-70-3
CHEBI:75955
Copper(II) oxide 325 mesh powder
V1XJQ704R4
DTXSID5034488
NSC-83537
EINECS 215-706-6
CB 250
Copper Oxide 0.4
Copper(II)oxideonalumina
Cuprite 3 Special Order
CUPRIC OXIDE [MI]
Epitope ID:190360
CUPRIC OXIDE [INCI]
Copper(II) oxide on alumina
CUPRIC OXIDE [VANDF]
copper(II) oxide (tenorite)
CUPRIC OXIDE [WHO-DD]
DTXCID3014488
COOPER (AS CUPRIC OXIDE)
COPPER (AS CUPRIC OXIDE)
COPPER(II) OXIDE [HSDB]
KKCXRELNMOYFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CUPRUM OXYDATUM NIGRUM [HPUS]
DB11134
CUPRUM OXYDATUM NIGRUM [WHO-DD]
COOPER (AS CUPRIC OXIDE) [VANDF]
COPPER (AS CUPRIC OXIDE) [VANDF]
Q421787
Copper oxide
SYNONYMS Blue Vitriol; Blue Copper; Blue stone; copperfine-zinc; Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate; Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1) pentahydrate; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate; CAS NO. 7758-98-7 (Anhydrous), 7758-99-8 (pentahydrate)
COPPER OXYCHLORIDE
Copper oxychloride is a protectant fungicide and bactericide used as a foliar spray for the control of fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit and vegetable crops, citrus, stone fruit, pome fruit, and ornamentals.
Copper(II) ions (Cu2+) are taken up by the spores during germination and accumulate until a sufficiently high concentration is achieved to kill the spore cell, with activity limited to the prevention of spore germination.
Excess copper in plants causes physiological alterations that lead to crop productivity losses, but cupric fungicides have been effectively used in the control of Alternaria solani and Phytophthora infestans, which cause early blight and late blight in potato, respectively.

CAS Number: 1332-40-7
EC Number: 215-572-9
Molecular Formula: Cl2Cu4H12O6
Molecular Mass: 427.14

Synonyms: Basic copper chloride, Cl2Cu.3CuH2O2, copper oxychloride, AldrichCPR, DTXSID6034348, 8310AF, 1332-40-7, 1332-65-6, 215-572-9, basic copper chloride, Chlorure hydroxyde de cuivre(2+) (1:3:2), copper chloride oxide hydrate, copper oxychloride, Copper(2+) chloride hydroxide (2:1:3), dicopper(II) chloride trihydroxide, Kupfer(2+)chloridhydroxid (2:1:3), Kupfer(2+)chloridhydroxid(2:1:3), tribasic copper chloride, 8012-69-9 [RN], Agrizan, Areeco, Areecop, ATACAMITE, Blitox, Blitox 50, Blue Copper, Blue Copper 50, Bordeaux A, Bordeaux Z, ChemNut 50, Chemocin, Chloride, Cobox, Cobox Blue, Cobrex, Colloidox, Copen, Copper chloride hydroxide, Copper chloride oxide, hydrate, Copper chloride oxide, hydrate (9CI), Copper chloride, basic, Copper chloride, mixed with copper oxide, hydrate, Copper chloroxide, Copper OC fungicide, Copper oxychloride, Copper oxychloride sulfate, Copper(II) chloride hydroxide (8CI), Copper(II) chloride oxide hydrate (9CI), Coppercide, Copperthom, Coppesan, Coppesan Blue, Coprantol, Coprex, Coprosan Blue, Cupral 45, Cupramer, Cuprargos, Cuprasol, Cupravit, Cupravit Green, Cupravit-Forte, Cupric oxide chloride, Cupricol, Cupritox, Cuprokylt, Cuprokylt L, Cuprosan Blue, Cuprovit, Cuprox, Cuproxol, Demildex, dicopper, Dicopper chloride trihydroxide, DICOPPER(2+) ION CHLORIDE TRIHYDROXIDE, dicopper;chloride;trihydroxide, dicupric chloride trihydroxide, ER, Faligruen, Funguran, Fyco, Fycol 8, Fycop, Fycop 40A, Fytolan, H 200A, Hokko Cupra Super, Kauritil, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupricol, Kuprikol, MACC, Maccppper, Microco, Microcop, Miedzian, Miedzian 50, Oxicob, Oxivor, Oxychlorue de cuivre, Oxychlorue de cuivre, Oxychlorure de cuivre, Oxychlorure de cuivre, Oxyclor, Oxycur, Parryco, Parrycop, pBlitox, pCopper oxychloride, Peprosan, pFycop 40A, pMiedzian, Pol-kupritox, pPeprosan, Reco, Recop, Tamraghol, Tetracopper hexahydroxide sulfate, tetracupric hexahydroxide sulfate, Tricop 50, trihydroxide, Turbair Copper Fungicide, UNII:76712031PG, UNII-76712031PG, UNII-IF628703RE, Viricuivre, Vitigran, Vitigran Blue, Agrizan, Areecop, Blitox, Blitox 50, Blue Copper, Blue Copper 50, Bordeaux A, Bordeaux Z, ChemNut 50, Chemocin, Cobox, Cobox Blue, Cobrex, Colloidox, Copen, Copper OC fungicide, Copper chloride oxide, hydrate, Copper chloride, basic, Copper chloroxide, Copper oxychloride [ISO], Copper(II) chloride hydroxide (8CI), Copper(II) chloride oxide hydrate (9CI), Coppercide, Copperthom, Coppesan, Coppesan Blue, Coprantol, Coprex, Coprosan Blue, Cozib 62, Cupral 45, Cupramer, Cuprargos, Cuprasol, Cupravit, Cupravit Green, Cupravit-Forte, Cupric oxide chloride, Cupricol, Cupritox, Cuprokylt, Cuprokylt L, Cuprosan Blue, Cuprovit, Cuprox, Cuproxol, Demildex, Dicopper chloride trihydroxide, Faligruen, Funguran, Fycol 8, Fycop, Fycop 40A, Fytolan, H 200A, Hokko Cupra Super, KT 35, Kauritil, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupricol, Kuprikol, Maccppper, Microcop, Miedzian, Miedzian 50, Ob 21, Oxicob, Oxivor, Oxychlorue de cuivre, Oxychlorure de cuivre, Oxyclor, Oxycur, Parrycop, Peprosan, Recop, Tamraghol, Tricop 50, Turbair Copper Fungicide, Viricuivre, Vitigran, Vitigran Blue, Copper (II) oxychloride

Copper oxychloride is widely used copper fungicide.
Copper oxychloride has a low aqueous solubility and a low volatility.

Copper oxychloride as a heavy metal, copper itself will not degrade in the environment.
Copper oxychloride is moderately toxic to mammals and most biodiversity.

Copper oxychloride has been used as an agricultural fungicide, a pigment in pyrotechnics, and as a catalyst

A protectant copper fungicide and bactericide used as a foliar spray
Copper Oxychloride is for the control of fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit and vegetable crops, citrus, stone fruit, pome fruit and ornamentals.

Foliar fungicide with protective action.
Copper(II) ions ( Cu2+) are taken up by the spores during germination and accumulate until a sufficiently high concentration is achieved to kill the spore cell.

Activity is limited to the prevention of spore germination.

Excess copper in plants causes physiological alterations that lead to crop productivity losses.
However, cupric fungicides have been utilized in the control of Alternaria solani and Phytophtora infestans fungi, which cause early blight and late blight in potato, respectively.
Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of different copper oxychloride levels on potato plants through some biochemical and physiological parameters.

The fungicide was applied at the recommended level (2.50 g L−1), at a reduced level (1.25 g L−1), and at 5.00 g L−1, to simulate spraying in the field twice during the same period with the recommended level.
The results revealed that superoxide dismutase protected plants against oxidative stress at the beginning of the cycle since lipoperoxide levels were low in that period.

In addition, increased SOD activity positively correlated with increased usable leaf area for photosynthesis, photosynthetic effectiveness, and growth relative to pre-existing dry matter.
Concomitantly, there was a negative correlation between lipoperoxide levels and LAR and RGR.

Plants randomly sprayed twice in the same period with the level recommended for potato crop protection in the field do not present damage regarding their development.
However, additional studies are needed in order to reduce the use of copper fungicides in the control of early and late blight in potato crop production, then decreasing the release of copper in the environment.

Effects of the Fungicide Copper Oxychloride on the Growth and Reproduction of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)
The article describes a laboratory experiment to determine the effect of copper oxychloride on the earthworm Eisenia fetida.
Copper oxychloride was used because Copper oxychloride is the most commonly used fungicide in South African vineyards but not much is known about Copper oxychloride toxicity to earthworms.

In an experiment lasting 8 weeks, newly hatched earthworms of the species E. fetida were exposed to copper oxychloride mixed into a urine-free cattle manure substrate.
Four groups of 10 worms were used per concentration level (control (4.02), 8.92, 15.92, 39.47, 108.72, 346.85 mg Cu kg substrate(-1)).

The following life-history parameters were measured: earthworm growth in consecutive weeks, survival rate, maturation time, cocoon production, reproduction success, total number of hatchlings produced, and incubation time.
Earthworm growth and cocoon production were significantly reduced at copper oxychloride exposure concentrations of 8.92 mg kg(-1) and higher.

Reproduction success in the 8.92 mg Cu kg substrate(-1) was highest.
From an exposure concentration of 15. 92 mg Cu kg substrate(-1) and higher, there was a considerable impact of copper oxychloride on reproduction.
This could be seen from a reduced reproduction success, a reduced mean and maximum number of hatchlings per cocoon, and a longer incubation time, indicating a strong effect of low copper oxychloride concentrations on this earthworm species.

Process for the preparation of copper oxychloride:
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of copper oxychloride by reaction of metallic copper and copper(II) chloride in aqueous solution in the presence of a gas phase containing at least oxygen, the gas phase being brought to a maximum water content of 10 g/m<3> before being introduced into the aqueous system.

Process for the preparation of copper peroxychloride The invention relates to a process for the production of copper oxychloride by reacting metallic Copper and copper-IT chloride in the aqueous system in the presence of at least oxygen containing gas phase.
As is well known The fungicidal effectiveness of copper oxychloride increases with decreasing particle size.

Taking into account other criteria such as processing ability in the manufacturing process and in the preparation of spray mixtures, plant compatibility, Adhesion strength to the plant, proves a particle size of the copper oxychloride in the range of 1-3 µm as particularly suitable.
In practice, this particle size becomes often indirectly via the ability of the finely divided copper oxychloride to float in a liquid medium determined.

In the manufacture of copper oxychloride, which is used as a pesticide is suitable, and should meet the criteria given above, significant occurred so far Fluctuations in quality.
Powders with a non-uniform grain distribution were often produced and in particular with a high proportion of coarser particles that is no longer acceptable obtain.

The cause for these quality fluctuations was not yet known task the invention was to show a process for the production of copper oxychloride, the one suitable product for plant protection according to the criteria given above supplies.
In particular, Copper oxychloride was an object of the invention to produce copper oxychloride, Whose particles are in any case predominantly in the range of 1-3 µm or Copper oxychloride ability to float in a liquid medium of the particle size distribution according to the task is equivalent to.

Copper oxychloride has now been found that the quality of the copper oxychloride from The water content of the gas phase containing at least oxygen is also determined.
Surprisingly copper oxychloride, which meets the quality requirements mentioned above, is always used then obtained if the at least oxygen-containing gas phase before introduction in the aqueous system 3 has a water content which does not exceed 10 g / m 2 The invention relates to a process for the production of copper oxychloride by reacting metallic copper and copper (II) chloride in the aqueous system in the presence of at least oxygen-containing gas phase, which is characterized is that the gas phase containing at least oxygen before being introduced into the aqueous system when the water content exceeds 10 g / m 2 to a water content of a maximum of 10 g / m is brought.

The water content is preferably limited to a value of at most 4 g / m³ set.
The specified volume size of the gas phase relates to the pressure and temperature of the surrounding atmosphere.

As a gas phase containing at least oxygen, alone for cost reasons, preferably air is used.
However, other oxygen-containing gas mixtures can also be used are used, provided they do not contain accompanying substances that affect the formation reaction of copper oxychloride are detrimental.

The oxygen content of the gas phase is not in itself a critical variable.
If desired, Copper oxychloride can be up to 100% by volume.
Copper oxychloride is preferably in the range which is given by the oxygen content of the surrounding atmosphere.

The copper oxychloride to be prepared according to the invention can by Molecular formula Cu4 (OH) 6Cl2 can be characterized.
Copper oxychloride is produced by putting metallic copper in an aqueous copper-II-chloride solution in the presence of, oxygen is converted to the target product.

The metallic copper is expediently rich in surface area as possible Shape, e.g. B. in the form of chips, Dräbtexl, lamellas and the like., Used.
The metallic copper is covered with an aqueous copper (II) chloride solution, their concentration preferably in the range from 2% by weight to 6% by weight, based on the amount of Knpfer fI ions is.

The easiest way to get oxygen is by introducing a vigorous one Air or oxygen flow into the copper (II) chloride solution, which is the metallic Copper covered, at the bottom Part or at the bottom of the reaction vessel introduced into the reaction system, with the pressure and volume regulation of the gas flow is advantageously carried out so that the reaction mixture by the flowing gas in the brisk movement is maintained.
The water content of the gas phase containing at least oxygen is now according to the invention from the introduction into the reaction system to a content from 0-10 g H2O / m³, preferably 0-4 g H2O / m³.

To investigate the water content of the gas phase, the already previously known methods for the quantitative determination of water in gases are used will.
Gas chromatography is an example.

Often, however, Copper oxychloride is already sufficient to change the temperature of the gas phase and to convince the given saturation pressure of water in the gas phase, that the water content that can be obtained according to the invention is not exceeded.

Any method can be used to dry the gas phase as required be carried out, which are known to the person skilled in the art: For example, drying by passing the oxygen-containing gas phase over desiccants known per se take place.
In addition to absorption and adsorption methods, des To reduce or remove the water content of the gas phase by condensation.

The inventive method is preferably used when printing the surrounding atmosphere, i.e. at 1 bar or about 1 bar :: nd at temperatures of Reaction mixture carried out from 10 ° C to 50 ° t.
Copper oxychloride succeeds reproducibly copper oxychloride produce that meet the requirements for use as a plant protection agent will.

The quality of the copper oxychloride can be determined by Copper oxychloride ability to float of the product in a liquid medium to be assessed for this is the sediment volume the suspension of a given amount of copper oxychloride measured per unit of time.
The measurand used in the following for the levitation is SF defined as ml sediment volume x 100 after a sedimentation time of 60 sec, measured on a suspension of 500 mg of copper oxychloride in 100 ml of water.

An SF value of 3 can be seen as an upper limit that is still tolerable.
The invention will now be explained using an example and a comparative example explained in more detail: Example 3000 kg of metallic copper in the form of wire and sheet metal were in a cylindrical reaction vessel with a height of 3.6 m and a capacity of 20,000 liters with 3000 l of a copper-IT-chloride solution (density D420 = 1.24) and 10,000 l of water poured over.

Thanks to the nozzles arranged evenly over the entire bottom of the vessel air with a water content of 2 g H2O / m3 was then introduced, the amount of air being was regulated in such a way that the reaction mixture always remained in lively motion, without however to foam over.
After the dissolved copper chloride was consumed, that became The resulting copper oxychloride was separated off and dried.

The floatability of the obtained product became as follows determined: A test tube with a capacity of approx. 120 ml was used, eat the upper width 3 cm, which was conical in the lower part and in an approx. 5 cm long narrower, tube provided with 0.01 ml calibrations ended.
In this test pipe a Suspension of 0.5 g of copper oxychloride and 0.05 g of calcium lignosulfonate in 100 ml Given water.

Copper oxychloride was first shaken vigorously again and then leave the arrangement to itself.
After 60 seconds a sediment volume of 0.01 ml measured, corresponding to a floating capacity of SF = 1.

Comparative example The procedure according to the example was repeated, with the modification that the air passed through has a water content of 20 g H2O / m3 exhibited.
For the copper oxychloride obtained, a suspended ability of SF = 34 determined.

Use of Copper oxychloride:
Copper oxychloride is used for PPP in Copper oxychloride original form (in which Copper oxychloride is delivered to user).
Copper oxychloride purpose is to protect plants against harmful organisms or to prevent the activity of such organisms in the open-air, and for the purpose of use in production under protection (greenhouses).

Copper oxychloride is used as a fungicide of Copper oxychloride:
Copper oxychloride is used on listed vegetables, ornamentals, and fruit trees to kill Anthracnose, Blight, Fire blight, and Peach leaf curl.

Features and Benefits of Copper oxychloride:
Economical control of a wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases in many crops and situations
pH neutral product and ultra-fine particle size with majority of particles less than or equal to 2-micron diameter
Free flowing product for easy mixing and application
Copper oxychloride can be applied in tank mixes with a wide range of other chemicals and/or fertilisers, though use caution with alkaline products

Formulation and application details of Copper oxychloride:
Usually supplied as a soluble concentrate or wettable powder that is mixed with water and applied as a spray

Efficacy & activity of Copper oxychloride:
Copper based products have been shown to be affective against many fungal pathogens in field trials.

Identifiers
Pesticide type: Fungicide, Repellent
Substance groups: Inorganic compound
Minimum active substance purity: >569 6/Kg total copper
Known relevant impurities: EU 2018 dossier: May contain heavy metals including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, CO, Sb & Hg
Substance origin: Natural
Mode of action: Absorbed copper disrupts the enzyme systems of pathogens. Multi-site activity.
CAS RN: 1332-40-7
EC number: 215-572-9
CIPAC number: 44.602
US EPA chemical code: -
PubChem CID: 18629822
Molecular mass: 427.14
PIN (Preferred Identification Name): dicopper(II) chloride trihydroxide
IUPAC name: dicopper chloride trioxide
CAS name: copper chloride hydroxide
Other status information: -
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards: -
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC): Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA): Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC): Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC): M01
Examples of recorded resistance: -
Physical state: Blue-green powder

Properties of Copper oxychloride:
Molecular weight:427.1.
Physical form:Green to bluish-green powder.
Composition:Contains 57% Cu++.
Melting point:decomp. 300 °C;
Vapour pressure:Negligible at 20 °C;
Solubility:In water <10-5 mg/l (pH 7, 20 °C).
Insoluble in organic solvents.
Soluble in dilute acids, forming Cu(II) salts;
soluble in ammonium hydroxide, forming a complex ion.;
Stability:Very stable in neutral media.
Decomposes on heating in alkaline media with the formation of copper oxides.
Decomposes on heating, with the formation of copper oxides, and loss of hydrogen chloride.
Green to bluish-green powder; apparent density 420-520 g/l.
Composition of product varies with conditions of manufacture but generally 56%-58% copper.
Both strongly corrosive to iron, galvanized iron.
Soluble in ammonium hydroxide solutions.
Soluble with decomposition in dilute acids.

Molecular Weight: 433.18
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 431.71767
Monoisotopic Mass: 429.71948
Topological Polar Surface Area: 6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 5.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 10
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Copper Oxychloride
Colanyl Red D3GD 500 PIGMENT RED 254 Colanyl Red D3GD 500 is an aqueous binder-free pigment preparation manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives. This aqueous pigment preparation is compatible with water-based low VOC and VOC-free decorative coatings.* * As defined in EU directive 2004/42/EC, annex II, phase II. VOC standards and regulations vary by location. Product specific VOC information is available to customers upon request. It is the responsibility of the coatings manufacturer to determine standard compliance and appropriate claim for their products. Benefits Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Narrow tolerances of shade and color strength for exact color reproduction Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 500 range
Copper Pyrophosphate
Colanyl Red E3B 130 PIGMENT VIOLET 19 Colanyl Red E3B 130 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of the moderate durability, it is suitable for interior use only. Benefits Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range
COPPER SULFATE
copper sulfate; Blue Vitriol; Blue Copper; Blue stone; copperfine-zinc; Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate; Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1) pentahydrate; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate; Kupfersulfat Pentahydrat cas no: 7758-98-7
COPPER SULFATE
DESCRIPTION:
Copper sulfate, also known as copper sulphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4.
Copper sulfate forms hydrates CuSO4•nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7.
The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper sulfate.

CAS Number: 7758-98-7 (anhydrous)
EC Number: 231-847-6
IUPAC name: Copper(II) sulfate

Older names for the pentahydrate include blue vitriol, bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.
Copper sulfate exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry.
The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands.

The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulfate anions to form chains.
Anhydrous copper sulfate is a light grey powder.
Copper sulfate appears as a white or off-white solid.
Copper sulfate has Melting point 200 °C with decomposition.
Copper sulfate is Non-combustible.

Copper sulfate is a salt created by treating cupric oxide with sulfuric acid.
This forms as large, bright blue crystals containing five molecules of water (CuSO4∙5H2O) and is also known as blue vitriol.
The anhydrous salt is created by heating the hydrate to 150 °C (300 °F).
Cupric sulfate is used primarily for agricultural purposes, as a pesticide, germicide, feed additive, and soil additive.
Some of its secondary uses are as a raw material in the preparation of other copper compounds, as a reagent in analytic chemistry, as an electrolyte for batteries and electroplating baths, and in medical practice as a locally applied fungicide, bactericide, and astringent.

Copper is an essential trace element and an important catalyst for heme synthesis and iron absorption.
After zinc and iron, copper is the third most abundant trace element found in the human body. Copper is a noble metal and its properties include high thermal and electrical conductivity, low corrosion, alloying ability, and malleability.

Copper is a component of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) and the release of copper is necessary for their important contraceptive effects.
The average daily intake of copper in the USA is approximately 1 mg Cu with the diet being a primary source.
Interestingly, the dysregulation of copper has been studied with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Wilson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease.
Data from clinical observations of the neurotoxic effects of copper may provide the basis for future treatments affecting copper and its homeostasis.

Copper sulfate is a metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.
Copper sulfate has a role as a sensitiser, a fertilizer and an emetic.
It contains a copper(2+).

PREPARATION AND OCCURRENCE OF COPPER SULFATE:
Copper sulfate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or copper oxides with dilute sulfuric acid.
For laboratory use, copper sulfate is usually purchased.
Copper sulfate can also be produced by slowly leaching low-grade copper ore in air; bacteria may be used to hasten the process.

Commercial copper sulfate is usually about 98% pure copper sulfate, and may contain traces of water.
Anhydrous copper sulfate is 39.81 percent copper and 60.19 percent sulfate by mass, and in its blue, hydrous form, it is 25.47% copper, 38.47% sulfate (12.82% sulfur) and 36.06% water by mass.
Four types of crystal size are provided based on its usage: large crystals (10–40 mm), small crystals (2–10 mm), snow crystals (less than 2 mm), and windswept powder (less than 0.15 mm).

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER SULFATE:
Chemical formula:
CuSO4 (anhydrous)
CuSO4•5H2O (pentahydrate)
Molar mass:
159.60 g/mol (anhydrous)
249.685 g/mol (pentahydrate)
Appearance:
gray-white (anhydrous)
blue (pentahydrate)
Density:
3.60 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
2.286 g/cm3 (pentahydrate)
Melting point:
110 °C (230 °F; 383 K) decomposes
560 °C decomposes(pentahydrate)
Fully decomposes at 590 °C (anhydrous)
Boiling point: decomposes to cupric oxide at 650 °C
Solubility in water:
1.055 molal (10 °C)
1.26 molal (20 °C)
1.502 molal (30 °C)
Solubility:
insoluble in ethanol (anhydrous)
soluble in methanol (pentahydrate)
10.4 g/L (18 °C)
insoluble in ethanol and acetone
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): 1330•10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.724–1.739 (anhydrous)
1.514–1.544 (pentahydrate)
Structure:
Crystal structure:
Orthorhombic (anhydrous, chalcocyanite), space group Pnma, oP24, a = 0.839 nm, b = 0.669 nm, c = 0.483 nm.
Triclinic (pentahydrate), space group P1, aP22, a = 0.5986 nm, b = 0.6141 nm, c = 1.0736 nm, α = 77.333°, β = 82.267°, γ = 72.567°
Thermochemistry:
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 5 J/(K•mol)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −769.98 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight: 159.61
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 158.881327
Monoisotopic Mass: 158.881327
Topological Polar Surface Area: 88.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 62.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes





Copper sulfate pentahydrate decomposes before melting.
Copper sulfate loses two water molecules upon heating at 63 °C (145 °F), followed by two more at 109 °C (228 °F) and the final water molecule at 200 °C (392 °F).

The chemistry of aqueous copper sulfate is simply that of copper aquo complex, since the sulfate is not bound to copper in such solutions.
Thus, such solutions react with concentrated hydrochloric acid to give tetrachlorocuprate(II):
Cu2+ + 4 Cl− → [CuCl4]2−

Similarly treatment of such solutions with zinc gives metallic copper, as described by this simplified equation:
CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4
A further illustration of such "single metal replacement reactions" occurs when a piece of iron is submerged in a solution of copper sulfate:
Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu

In high school and general chemistry education, copper sulfate is used as an electrolyte for galvanic cells, usually as a cathode solution.
For example, in a zinc/copper cell, copper ion in copper sulfate solution absorbs electron from zinc and forms metallic copper.
Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu (cathode), E°cell = 0.34 V
Copper sulfate is commonly included in teenager chemistry sets and undergraduate experiments.
Copper sulfate is often used to grow crystals in schools and in copper plating experiments, despite its toxicity.
Copper sulfate is often used to demonstrate an exothermic reaction, in which steel wool or magnesium ribbon is placed in an aqueous solution of CuSO4.

Copper sulfate is used to demonstrate the principle of mineral hydration.
The pentahydrate form, which is blue, is heated, turning the copper sulfate into the anhydrous form which is white, while the water that was present in the pentahydrate form evaporates.
When water is then added to the anhydrous compound, Copper sulfate turns back into the pentahydrate form, regaining its blue color.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate can easily be produced by crystallization from solution as copper sulfate, which is hygroscopic.



USES OF COPPER SULFATE:
As a fungicide and herbicide:
Copper sulfate has been used for control of algae in lakes and related fresh waters subject to eutrophication.
Copper sulfate "remains the most effective algicidal treatment".

Bordeaux mixture, a suspension of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), is used to control fungus on grapes, melons, and other berries.
Copper sulfate is produced by mixing a water solution of copper sulfate and a suspension of slaked lime.

A dilute solution of copper sulfate is used to treat aquarium fishes for parasitic infections, and is also used to remove snails from aquariums and zebra mussels from water pipes.
Copper ions are highly toxic to fish, however.
Most species of algae can be controlled with very low concentrations of copper sulfate.

Analytical reagent:
Several chemical tests utilize copper sulfate.
Copper sulfate is used in Fehling's solution and Benedict's solution to test for reducing sugars, which reduce the soluble blue copper(II) sulfate to insoluble red copper(I) oxide.
Copper(II) sulfate is also used in the Biuret reagent to test for proteins.

Copper sulfate is used to test blood for anemia.
The blood is dropped into a solution of copper sulfate of known specific gravity—blood with sufficient hemoglobin sinks rapidly due to its density, whereas blood which sinks slowly or not at all has an insufficient amount of hemoglobin.
Clincally relevant, however, modern laboratories utilize automated blood analyzers for accurate quantitative hemoglobin determinations, as opposed to older qualitative means.
In a flame test, the copper ions of copper sulfate emit a deep green light, a much deeper green than the flame test for barium.

Organic synthesis:
Copper sulfate is employed at a limited level in organic synthesis.
The anhydrous salt is used as a dehydrating agent for forming and manipulating acetal groups.
The hydrated salt can be intimately mingled with potassium permanganate to give an oxidant for the conversion of primary alcohols.

Rayon production:
Reaction with ammonium hydroxide yields tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate or Schweizer's reagent which was used to dissolve cellulose in the industrial production of Rayon.

Niche uses:
Copper(II) sulfate has attracted many niche applications over the centuries.
In industry copper sulfate has multiple applications.
In printing Copper sulfate is an additive to book-binding pastes and glues to protect paper from insect bites; in building it is used as an additive to concrete to improve water resistance and discourage anything from growing on it.

Copper sulfate can be used as a coloring ingredient in artworks, especially glasses and potteries. Copper sulfate is also used in firework manufacture as a blue coloring agent, but it is not safe to mix copper sulfate with chlorates when mixing firework powders.
Copper sulfate was once used to kill bromeliads, which serve as mosquito breeding sites.
Copper sulfate is used as a molluscicide to treat bilharzia in tropical countries.

Art:
In 2008, the artist Roger Hiorns filled an abandoned waterproofed council flat in London with 75,000 liters of copper(II) sulfate water solution.
The solution was left to crystallize for several weeks before the flat was drained, leaving crystal-covered walls, floors and ceilings.
The work is titled Seizure.
Since 2011, Copper sulfate has been on exhibition at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park.

Etching:
Copper(II) sulfate is used to etch zinc or copper plates for intaglio printmaking.
Copper sulfate is also used to etch designs into copper for jewelry, such as for Champlevé.

Dyeing:
Copper(II) sulfate can be used as a mordant in vegetable dyeing.
Copper sulfate often highlights the green tints of the specific dyes.

Electronics:
An aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate is often used as the resistive element in liquid resistors.

OTHER FORMS OF COPPER SULFATE:
Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate can be produced by dehydration of the commonly available pentahydrate copper sulfate.
In nature, copper sulfate is found as the very rare mineral known as chalcocyanite.
The pentahydrate also occurs in nature as chalcanthite.

Other rare copper sulfate minerals include bonattite (trihydrate), boothite (heptahydrate), and the monohydrate compound poitevinite.
There are numerous other, more complex, copper(II) sulfate minerals known, with environmentally important basic copper(II) sulfates like langite and posnjakite.


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT COPPER SULFATE:
What is copper sulfate?
Copper sulfate is an inorganic compound that combines sulfur with copper.
Copper sulfate can kill bacteria, algae, roots, plants, snails, and fungi.
The toxicity of copper sulfate depends on the copper content.

Copper is an essential mineral.
Copper sulfate can be found in the environment, foods, and water.
Copper sulfate has been registered for use in pesticide products in the United States since 1956.

What are some products that contain copper sulfate?
Products containing copper sulfate can be liquids, dusts, or crystals.
There are several dozen active products containing copper sulfate on the market in the United States.

Some of these have been approved for use in organic agriculture.
Always follow label instructions and take steps to avoid exposure.
If any exposures occur, be sure to follow the First Aid instructions on the product label carefully.

How does copper sulfate work?
Copper in copper sulfate binds to proteins in fungi and algae.
This damages the cells causing them to leak and die.
In snails, copper disrupts the normal function of the skin cells and enzymes.

How might I be exposed to copper sulfate?
You can be exposed if you are applying copper sulfate and you get it on your skin, breathe it in, or accidentally eat or drink a product.
This can also happen if you get some on your hands and eat or smoke without washing your hands first.
You can limit your exposure and reduce risk by following all label instructions carefully.

What are some signs and symptoms from a brief exposure to copper sulfate?
Copper sulfate can cause severe eye irritation.
Eating large amounts of copper sulfate can lead to nausea, vomiting, and damage to body tissues, blood cells, the liver, and kidneys.
With extreme exposures, shock and death can occur.
Copper sulfate affects animals in a similar way.
Signs of poisoning in animals include lack of appetite, vomiting, dehydration, shock, and death. Diarrhea and vomit may have a green to blue color.

What happens to copper sulfate when it enters the body?
Copper is an essential element and it is required to support proper health.
The human body adjusts its internal environment to maintain copper equilibrium.
Copper sulfate is absorbed into the body if eaten or inhaled.

Copper sulfate then rapidly enters the bloodstream.
Once inside, copper moves throughout the body.
Copper sulfate then binds to proteins and enters different organs.

Excess copper is excreted and not often stored in the body.
Copper can be collected in the liver but it can also be found in stomach secretions, bone, brain, hair, heart, intestine, kidneys, muscle, nails, skin, and spleen.
Copper is mainly excreted in the feces.
Small amounts can also be eliminated in hair and nails.
In one study, researchers found it takes 13 to 33 days for half of a large copper dose to be eliminated from the body.

Is copper sulfate likely to contribute to the development of cancer?
Whether copper sulfate causes cancer in animals is uncertain.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has not published a cancer rating for copper sulfate.
This is due to a lack of evidence linking copper or copper salts to cancer development in animals that can normally regulate copper in their bodies.

One study looked at long-term work-related exposures to copper sulfate.
They found an increased risk of kidney cancer.
Another study found that decreasing copper can inhibit cancer growth.
Animal studies have provided conflicting results.

Has anyone studied non-cancer effects from long-term exposure to copper sulfate?
Studies in humans of long-term non-cancer effects to copper sulfate were not identified.
However, Wilson's disease may provide insight into potential health effects over long periods of time.

Wilson's disease is a rare genetic disorder in which the body retains too much copper.
The effects include infertility, higher miscarriage rates, loss of menses and hormonal imbalances in women.
In men, the testes don't function properly.
Exposure to copper sulfate does not cause Wilson’s disease.

In one study, mice were fed very large amounts of copper sulfate before and during pregnancy.
Some baby mice died during gestation or did not develop normally.

Are children more sensitive to copper sulfate than adults?
Children may be especially sensitive to pesticides compared to adults.
However, there are currently no data to conclude that children have increased sensitivity specifically to copper sulfate.

What happens to copper sulfate in the environment?
Copper naturally occurs in the environment.
Copper in soil may originate from natural sources, pesticides, or other sources.
These may include mining, industry, architectural material, and motor vehicles.
Copper accumulates mainly at the surface of soils, where Copper sulfate binds tightly and persists.

Copper sulfate is highly soluble in water and Copper sulfate can bind to sediments.
Copper is regulated by plants because Copper sulfate is an essential mineral.
Too much copper can be toxic to plants as Copper sulfate inhibits photosynthesis.

Can copper sulfate affect birds, fish, or other wildlife?
The U.S. EPA considers copper to be practically nontoxic to bees and moderately toxic to birds. Studies with several aquatic species have found copper to be highly to very highly toxic to fish and aquatic life.
Trout, koi and juvenile fish of several species are known to be particularly sensitive to copper.
Fish kills have been reported after copper sulfate applications for algae control in ponds and lakes.

Oxygen depletion and increased debris have been cited as the cause of most fish deaths.
This is sometimes due to the sudden death and decay of algae and plants after an application.
Even small concentrations of copper can be harmful to fish and water organisms.
Always follow label instructions to protect the environment
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT COPPER SULFATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


SYNONYMS OF COPPER SULFATE:
MeSH Entry Terms
Blue Vitriol
Copper Sulfate
Cupric Sulfate
Sulfate, Copper
Sulfate, Cupric
Vitriol, Blue

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
Copper sulfate
7758-98-7
Copper(II) sulfate
CUPRIC SULFATE
Copper sulphate
Cupric sulfate anhydrous
Copper(2+) sulfate
Copper(ii) sulfate, anhydrous
Copper monosulfate
Cupricsulfate
Blue stone
Copper(2+) sulphate
Copper II sulfate
Copper sulfate (1:1)
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1)
copper;sulfate
CuSO4
copper(II) sulphate
COPPERSULFATE
Copper(2+) sulfate (1:1)
10124-44-4
Copper sulfate, anhydrous
Copper monosulphate
18939-61-2
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt
Cupric sulphate anhydrous
Cupric sulfate, anhydrous
Cupric sulphate, anhydrous
KUW2Q3U1VV
1332-14-5
Hylinec
Trinagle
Delcup
SULFURIC ACID, COPPERSALT (8CI,9CI)
Monocopper sulfate
Incracide 10A
BCS copper fungicide
Blue copper (VAN)
Copper Sulfate Powder
Kupfersulfat [German]
Snow Crystal Copper Sulfate
Sulfate de cuivre [French]
Aqua Maid Permanent Algaecide
CCRIS 3665
HSDB 916
Granular Crystals Copper Sulfate
Copper (II) sulphate
MAC 570
Bluestone copper sulfate
Tobacco States Brand Copper Sulfate
EINECS 231-847-6
Phelps Triangle Brand Copper Sulfate
UNII-KUW2Q3U1VV
MFCD00010981
NSC 57630
Sulfuric acid, copper salt
Copper (II) Sulfate Anhydrous
Sa-50 Brand Copper Sulfate Granular Crystals
Aquatronics Snail-A-Cide Dri-Pac Snail Powder
copper(II)sulphate
copper(II)-sulfate
EINECS 242-692-9
Copper (as sulfate)
Copper Sulfate Chelate
CuSO4 copper sulphate
Copper (11) sulfate
Copper( cento) sulfate
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:?)
Cupric sulfate,anhydrous
Bluestone, Cupric Sulfate
Copper(ii) tetraoxosulfate
CUPRIC SULFATE [MI]
COPPER SULFATE [INCI]
CUPRIC SULFATE [HSDB]
Sulfuric acid copper(2+)salt
COPPER SULFATE [WHO-DD]
DTXSID6034479
CHEBI:23414
COPPER SULPHATE (1:1)
CUPRIC SULFATE ANHYDROUS [II]
AKOS015902901
COPPER(2+) SULPHATE (1:1)
DB06778
CUPRIC SULFATE,ANHYDROUS [VANDF]
BP-20356
FisherTab™ CT-37 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ CT-50 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ TT-35 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ TT-43 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ TT-50 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ TT-57 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ CT-AUTO Kjeldahl Tablets
FT-0624048
C18713
COPPER SULFATE, ANHYDROUS [EP IMPURITY]
CUPRIC SULFATE ANHYDROUS [USP MONOGRAPH]
cupric sulphate, copper sulphate, cupric sulfate
A923422
Q107184
SR-01000944582
SR-01000944582-1


COPPER SULFATE
CAS NUMBER: 7758-98-7
EC NUMBER: 631-506-5
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 159,609 g/mol
MOLECULAR FORMULA: CuSO4

Copper sulfate, also known as bluestone, is a blue and odorless substance.
Copper sulfate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with Copper sulfates oxides with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.
Copper sulfate is often purchased for laboratory use.
Copper sulfate can also be produced by slow leaching of low-grade copper ore in air; Bacteria can be used to speed up the process.

Before melting, copper sulfate pentahydrate decomposes at 180 degrees, loses these two water formulas at 63 degrees, then two formulas at 109 degrees, and finally these two water formulas at 200 degrees.
Copper sulfate is an essential trace element that is included in some over-the-counter multivitamin and mineral supplements, even though copper deficiency is quite rare and supplementation is rarely needed.
The amounts of copper found in typical supplements has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations or with clinically apparent liver injury.
However, accidental or intentional copper overdose can cause an acute liver injury and chronic ingestion of excessive amounts of copper can result in copper overload and chronic liver injury.

Copper sulfate is an inorganic compound that combines sulfur with copper.
Copper sulfate can kill bacteria, algae, roots, plants, snails, and fungi.
The toxicity of copper sulfate depends on the copper content.

Copper sulfate is azurite blue crystal, produced by refining copper electrolyte generated during the electrolytic copper manufacturing process.
Copper sulfate is widely used for copper plating, catalysts, and pigments.
Due to Copper sulfates high and stable quality, Copper sulfate is highly evaluated, especially for plating use.
In recent times, copper sulfate containing a low amount of impurities is required with the increase in density and the miniaturization of printed circuit boards.
In response to this, we have developed a high-purity product with an extremely low amount of Fe, Ni, Pb, etc., to be added to our product lineup, in order to satisfy various needs.

Copper sulfate is a term that can refer to either of the following chemical compounds – cuprous sulfate (Cu2SO4), or cupric sulfate (CuSO4).
However, the latter is the preferred compound described by the term ‘copper sulfate’.
The systematic name for CuSO4 is copper(II) sulfate, but Copper sulfate is also referred to as blue vitriol, Roman vitriol, the vitriol of copper, and bluestone.
Copper sulfate is also known as cupric sulfate.

Copper sulfate is a compound whose chemical formula is expressed as cuso4.
Depending on the degree of hydration of the salt, there are a number of compounds.
Although Copper sulfate is a light green or gray-like powder in anhydrous form, the most common form of Pentahydrate is bright blue.

Copper is an essential mineral.
Copper sulfate can be found in the environment, foods, and water.
Copper sulfate has been registered for use in pesticide products in the United States since 1956.
Products containing copper sulfate can be liquids, dusts, or crystals.
There are several dozen active products containing copper sulfate on the market in the United States.
Some of these have been approved for use in organic agriculture.

Copper sulfate, also known as copper sulphate, are the inorganic compounds with the chemical formula CuSO4(H2O)x, where x can range from 0 to 5.
The pentahydrate (x = 5) is the most common form.
Older names for this compound include blue vitriol, bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.
Copper sulfate is a blue, odorless substance.
Copper sulfate's intensity is 1,02 g/cm³.
Dissolves fully in water.

Copper sulfate is an inorganic compound that combines copper and sulfate.
In Copper sulfates liquid or powdered form Copper sulfate’s most commonly called basic copper sulfate, BSC copper fungicide, CP basic sulfate, or tri-basic copper sulfate.
In Copper sulfates solid, crystal-shaped stone form (known as a pentahydrate) Copper sulfate’s known as blue stone or blue vitriol for Copper sulfates blue color.
In this form, Copper sulfate’s a popular raw material for producing other types of copper salts.

A very small amount of Pentahydrate can be very harmful to the environment.
May irritate skin and eyes.
If swallowed, Copper sulfate causes throat irritation.

Copper sulfate has octahedral molecular, geometry and paramagnetic properties.
Their exothermic dissolution in water forms the (cu(h2o)6) complex.
Copper sulfate is also known chemically as eye stone or blue vitreous pathway.
Copper sulfate is formed as a result of chemically diluting copper oxide with sulfuric acid or by treating copper metal with concentrated sulfuric acid and temperature.
In order to get away from the oxidizing effect of concentrated sulfuric acid and to increase Copper sulfates efficiency, the reaction conditions are changed and the production takes place by reacting the diluted hot sulfuric acid with plenty of air as an oxidant.
The anhydrous form of copper sulfate is known as chalcocyanite and is rarely found in nature.
Also known as hydrated copper sulfate, heptahydrate.

The most common form of copper sulfate is Copper sulfates pentahydrate, given by the chemical formula CuSO4.5H2O.
This form is characterized by its bright blue colour.
However, Copper sulfate can be noted that the anhydrous form of this salt is a powder that is white.
The CuSO4 molecule consists of an ionic bond between the copper cation (Cu2+) and the sulfate anion (SO42-).
An illustration describing the structure of a copper sulfate molecule is provided below.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate decomposes before melting.
Upon heating at 63°C (145°F), Copper sulfate loses two water molecules, followed by two more at 109°C (228°F) and the last water molecule at 200°C (392°F).
Dehydration continues with the breakdown of tetraacuopperin (2+), two opposing aqua groups disappear to give a diacoper (2+) fragment.
The second dehydration stage occurs when the last two battery packs are lost.
Complete dehydration occurs when the unbound water molecule is lost.
At 650 °C (1,202 °F), copper(II) sulfate decomposes into copper(II) oxide (CuO) and sulfur trioxide (SO3).

Copper sulfate decomposes into sulfur dioxide and copper oxide at 650 degrees.
Copper sulfate reacts with different concentrated hydroxide acid.
As a result of the reaction, the blue color of the solution becomes green due to the formation of tetrachloroethylene.

Copper in copper sulfate binds to proteins in fungi and algae.
This damages the cells causing them to leak and die.
In snails, copper disrupts the normal function of the skin cells and enzymes.
Commercial copper sulfate is usually about 98% pure copper sulfate and may contain small amounts of water.
Anhydrous Copper sulfate is 39.81 mass percent copper and 60.19 percent sulfate, and in its blue, aqueous form Copper sulfate is 25.47% copper, 38.47% sulfate (12.82% sulfur) and 36.06% water, by mass.
Four kinds of crystal sizes are provided, according to the use of large crystals (10-40 mm), small crystals (2-10 mm), snow crystals (less than 2 mm) and wind-scavenging dust (less than 0.15 mm).

The largest health benefit of copper sulfate is that Copper sulfate is used to control bacteria and fungus growth on fruits, vegetables, and other crops, as Copper sulfate’s been registered for pesticide use in the United States since 1956.
Copper sulfate includes mildew, which can cause leaf spots and plant spoilage, as copper sulfate binds to the proteins in fungus, damaging the cells and causing them to die.
Copper sulfate is made before melting copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.
Two lose their water upon heating at 63°C (145°F), followed by two more at 109°C (228°F) and son at 200°C (392°F).
Dehydration continues with the breakdown of tetraacuopperin (2+), with two opposing aqua groups presenting as a diacoper (2+).
Second dehydration, son can be from two battery groups.
Complete dehydration, bound water integration may be possible. 650 °C (1,202 °F), copper (II) oxide (CuO) and sulfur trioxide (SO3).

Copper Sulfate Monohydrate is a water soluble Copper source for uses compatible with sulfates.
Copper Sulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
American Elements copper sulfate facilities manufacture using a process that was developed to provide a non-caking high purity copper sulfate suitable for both industrial and agricultural applications.

Copper Sulfate is particularly useful in demanding applications, such as copper plating and electroless copper plating.
The product contains no non-caking agents.
We also produce Copper Sulfate Solution.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.
Typical and custom packaging is available.

Copper sulfate, also called bluestone, is a "blue and odorless substance.
Copper sulfate is produced so that Copper sulfate can be treated or applied to copper metal with its oxides of hot concentrated sulfuric acid with dilute sulfuric acid.
Bought sent off for the lab.
Copper can also be produced by graded copper quality at drop in rate." ; can be used to speed up the process.
Copper sulfate can be produced starting from the pure copper room, such as copper air conditioner pipes, telephone cables, which are collected for recycling.
250 grams of electronically pure copper sulfuric acid is melted to make 1 kilogram of copper sulfate.
A blue solution is formed.

Normal weather conditions are not sufficient for the copper in the solution to reach 33 percent.
By heating the sulfuric acid and the metallic copper material in it, Copper sulfate allows the copper to melt more effectively in the sulfuric acid.
By giving plenty of oxygen during melting, oxidation of the surface of the metallic copper in the boiler and the sulfuric acid solution of the oxidized surface will melt faster.
Sulfuric acid can dissolve copper more effectively.
The purpose of doing this is to allow the copper to dissolve in the sulfuric acid solution.
Copper sulfate takes quite a long time to do this.
Nitric acid can be added to shorten the time.

Copper sulfate's about 98% pure sulfate on the trade going and little water training.
Anhydrous Copper sulfate is 39.81 mass percent and 60.19 percent sulfate, and is blue, aqueous, 25.47% by mass, 38.47% sulfate (12.82% sulfur), and 36.06% water.
Small size of four kinds, according to large crystals (10-40mm), crystals (2-10mm), snow crystals (less than 2mm) and accelerator powder (less than 0.15mm).
Copper sulfate can be prepared by treating metallic copper with heated and concentrated sulphuric acid, or by treating the oxides of copper with dilute sulphuric acid.

Copper sulfate can be noted that the oxidation state exhibited by the copper atom in a CuSO4 molecule is +2.
Copper sulfate is also known as blue vitriol, this substance was made by the action of sulfuric acid on elemental copper.
The bright-blue crystals are soluble in water and alcohol.
Mixed with ammonia, copper sulfate was used in liquid filters.
The most common application for copper sulfate was combining Copper sulfate with potassium bromide for making copper bromide bleach for intensification and toning.
Some photographers used copper sulfate as a restrainer in ferrous sulfate developers that were used in the collodion process.
When combined with lime and water (called a Bordeaux mixture) copper sulfate works as a protective fungicide and is used to protect plants during seed treatment before they grow.

In tropical climates, Copper sulfate’s used as a molluscicide, which is a snail bait that controls pests like snails and slugs from damaging plants and crops.
Copper sulfate is also used in order to help with public health and safety.
Copper sulfate destroys algae and bacteria caused by growing algae in swimming pools in addition to preventing athlete’s foot, a fungal infection that grows in between the toes in warm climates (such as an indoor swimming pool).
This is done by mixing Copper sulfate into the flooring mixtures of showers, locker rooms, and swimming pools to prevent the bacteria from being able to live on the flooring indefinitely.

Copper sulfate is a salt created by treating cupric oxide with sulfuric acid.
This forms as large, bright blue crystals containing five molecules of water (CuSO4∙5H2O) and is also known as blue vitriol.
The anhydrous salt is created by heating the hydrate to 150 °C (300 °F).
Copper sulfate is used primarily for agricultural purposes, as a pesticide, germicide, feed additive, and soil additive.
Some of Copper sulfates secondary uses are as a raw material in the preparation of other copper compounds, as a reagent in analytic chemistry, as an electrolyte for batteries and electroplating baths, and in medical practice as a locally applied fungicide, bactericide, and astringent.

Copper Sulfate is a nutrient supplement and processing aid most often used in the pentahydrate form.
This form occurs as large, deep blue or ultramarine, triclinic crystals, as blue granules, or as a light blue powder.
The ingredient is prepared by the reaction of sulfuric acid with cupric oxide or with copper metal.
Copper sulfate can be used in infant formula.
Copper sulfate is also termed cupric sulfate.

Copper is an essential trace element and an important catalyst for heme synthesis and iron absorption.
After zinc and iron, copper is the third most abundant trace element found in the human body.
Copper is a noble metal and Copper sulfates properties include high thermal and electrical conductivity, low corrosion, alloying ability, and malleability.

Copper is a component of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) and the release of copper is necessary for their important contraceptive effects.
The average daily intake of copper in the USA is approximately 1 mg Cu with the diet being a primary.
Interestingly, the dysregulation of copper has been studied with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Wilson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease.
Data from clinical observations of the neurotoxic effects of copper may provide the basis for future treatments affecting copper and its homeostasis.

Copper sulphate, blue stone, blue vitriol are all common names for pentahydrated cupric sulphate, Cu S04 5 H20, which is the best known and the most widely used of the copper salts.
Indeed Copper sulfate is often the starting raw material for the production of many of the other copper salts.
Today in the world there are more than 100 manufacturers and the world's consumption is around 200,000 tons per annum of which Copper sulfate is estimated that approximately three-quarters is used in agriculture, principally as a fungicide.
Manufacture In the production of copper sulphate virgin copper is seldom, if ever, used as the starting raw material.

Copper ores are used in countries where these are mined.
For the bulk of the world's production nonferrous scrap is the general source.
The scrap is refined and the molten metal poured into water to produce roughly spherical porous pieces about the size of marbles which are termed "shot".
This shot is dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of air to produce a hot saturated liquor which, if the traditional large crystals of copper sulphate are required, is allowed to cool slowly in large cooling vats into which strips of lead are hung to provide a surface for the crystals to grow on.
If the granulated (snow) crystal grades are desired, the cooling process is accelerated by agitating the liquor in water cooled vessels.

Other methods of production are:
-By heating copper scrap with sulphur to produce copper sulphide which is then oxidised to form copper sulphate.
-By heating copper sulphide ores to produce copper oxide which is then treated with sulphuric acid to form copper sulphate.
-By slow leaching in air of piles of low grade ore. Bacterial action is sometimes employed to hasten the process.
-A solution of copper sulphate drains away from such heaps.
-Commercially copper sulphate contains 25 % metallic copper and is sold with a guaranteed minimum purity of 98 % copper sulphate.
-Copper sulfate is produced in a number of grades varying from large crystal lumps, of 25 mm or more in diameter from which Copper sulfate appropriately derives the name bluestone, to very fine powders of almost the fineness of talcum powder.
-The four commonest grades, based on crystal diameter sizes, are:
-Large crystals (from 10 mm to 40 mm)
-Small crystals (from 2 mm to 10 mm)
-Granulated or snow crystals (less than 2 mm)
-Windswept powder (less than 0.15 mm)

USES:
Copper sulphate is a very versatile chemical with as extensive a range of uses in industry as Copper sulfate has in agriculture.
Copper sulfates principal employment is in agriculture, and, up to a generation or so ago, about its only uses in industry were as a mordant for dyeing and for electroplating.
Today Copper sulfate is being employed in many industrial processes:

-The synthetic fibre industry has found an application for Copper sulfate in the production of their raw material
-The metal industry uses large quantities of copper sulphate as an electrolyte in copper refining, for copper coating steel wire prior to wire drawing and in various copper plating processes
-The mining industry employs Copper sulfate as an activator in the concentration by froth flotation of lead, zinc, cobalt and gold ores
-The printing trade takes Copper sulfate as an electrolyte in the production of electrotype and as an etching agent for process engraving
-The paint industry uses Copper sulfate in anti-fouling paints and it plays a part in the colouring of glass.
-Indeed, today there is hardly an industry which does not have some small use for copper sulphate.
-In the table below, some of the many uses of copper sulphate are listed.

MAJOR USES:
-Preparation of Bordeaux and Burgundy mixtures for use as fungicides
-Manufacture of other copper fungicides such as copper-lime dust, tribasic copper sulphate, copper carbonae and cuprous oxide
-Manufacture of insecticides such as copper arsenite and Paris green
-Control of fungus diseases
-Correction of copper deficiency in soils
-Correction of copper deficiency in animals
-Growth stimulant for fattening pigs and broiler chickens
-Molluscicide for the destruction of slugs and snails, particularly the snail host of the liver fluke

OTHER USES:
-Seed dressing
-Soil steriliser, e.g Cheshunt compound (a mixture of copper sulphate and ammonium carbonate) to prevent ‘damping-off’ disease of tomato etc.
-Control and prevention of foot rot in sheep and cattle
-Bacteriastat for addition to sheep dips
-Disinfectant in prevention of the spread of swine erysepelas and white scours in calves
-Control of scum in farm ponds
-Plant nutrient in rice fields
-Preservative for wooden posts, wooden buildings, etc
-Ingredient of vermin repellents, e.g for application to bark of trees against rabbits
-Stimulant of latex yield on rubber plantations
-Protection against algal growths on flower pots

PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICINE
-Destruction of algal blooms in reservoirs and swimming pools
-Prevention of the spread of athletes foot in warm climates, by incorporation in the flooring mixture of swimming baths
-Control of bilharzia in tropical countries, as a molluscicide
-Prevention of malaria, in the preparation of Paris green for use against mosquito larvae
-Antiseptic and germicide against fungus infections
-Catalyst or raw material for the preparation of copper catalysts used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products

INDUSTRY
-Adhesives
-Preservative in casein and other glues
-Additive to book binding pastes and glues, for insecticidal purposes
-Additive to animal and silicate glues to give water resistance

BUILDING:
-Timber preservtive and in the preparawtion of other wood preservatives, e.g oil-based copper naphthenates and water-based copper/chrome/arsenic for the prevention of woodworms and wood rots
-Ingredient of plaster to prevent fungus infection, e.g to prevent the spread of dry rot
-Ingredient of concrete, both as a colouring matter and as an antiseptic, e.g for use in and around swimming pools
-Modification of the setting of concrete
-Protection against lichens, moulds and similar growths on asbestos cement roofing and other building materials
-Control of the growth of tree roots in sewers

The pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), the most commonly encountered salt, is bright blue.
Copper sulfate exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry.
The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands.
The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulfate anions to form chains.
Anhydrous copper sulfate is a light grey powder.
Copper sulfate is commonly included in teenager chemistry sets.

Copper sulfate is often used to grow crystals in schools and in copper plating experiments, despite its toxicity.
Copper sulfate is often used to demonstrate an exothermic reaction, in which steel wool or magnesium ribbon is placed in an aqueous solution of CuSO4.
Copper sulfate is used to demonstrate the principle of mineral hydration.
The pentahydrate form, which is blue, is heated, turning the copper sulfate into the anhydrous form which is white, while the water that was present in the pentahydrate form evaporates.
When water is then added to the anhydrous compound, Copper sulfate turns back into the pentahydrate form, regaining its blue color, and is known as blue vitriol.
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate can easily be produced by crystallization from solution as copper(II) sulfate, which is hygroscopic.

Copper sulphate, blue stone, blue vitriol are all common names for pentahydrated cupric sulphate, CuSO45H2O, which is the best known and the most widely used of the copper salts.
Indeed Copper sulfate is often the starting raw material for the production of many of the other copper salts.
Copper sulfate is employed at a limited level in organic synthesis.
The anhydrous salt is used as a dehydrating agent for forming and manipulating acetal groups.
The hydrated salt can be intimately mingled with potassium permanganate to give an oxidant for the conversion of primary alcohols.

Copper sulfate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or its oxides with dilute sulfuric acid.
For laboratory use, copper sulfate is usually purchased.
Copper sulfate can also be produced by slowly leaching low grade copper ore in air; bacteria may be used to hasten the process.
Commercial copper sulfate is usually about 98% pure copper sulfate, and may contain traces of water.
Anhydrous Copper sulfate is 39.81 percent copper and 60.19 percent sulfate by mass, and in its blue, hydrous form, Copper sulfate is 25.47% copper, 38.47% sulfate (12.82% sulfur) and 36.06% water by mass.
Four types of crystal size are provided based on its usage: large crystals (10–40 mm), small crystals (2–10 mm), snow crystals (less than 2 mm), and windswept powder (less than 0.15 mm).

Copper sulfate appears as a white or off-white solid.
Melting point 200°C with decomposition.
Non-combustible.
Copper(II) sulfate is a metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. Copper sulfate has a role as a sensitiser, a fertilizer and an emetic.
Copper sulfate contains a copper(2+).

USAGE AREAS:
-An additive for bookbinding pastes and glues to protect paper from insect bites in printing,
-As a water-resistant and disinfectant concrete admixture in the building.
-As a coloring component in works of art, especially glasses and pottery
-Copper sulfate is used as a blue colored substance in the manufacture of fireworks.
-In decoration, copper sulfate adds color to cement, metals and ceramics.
-Copper sulfate corrects copper deficiencies in soil and animals and promotes the growth of livestock.
-In decoration, copper sulfate adds color to cement, metals and ceramics.
-Some batteries, electrodes and wire contain copper sulfate.
-Copper sulfate is used in printing ink and hair dye and creates a green color in fireworks.

USES:

Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used as a fungicide. However, some fungi are capable of adapting to elevated levels of copper ions.
Bordeaux mixture, a suspension of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), is used to control fungus on grapes, melons, and other berries.
Copper sulfate is produced by mixing a water solution of copper sulfate and a suspension of slaked lime.
Cheshunt compound, a commercial mixture of copper sulfate and ammonium carbonate (discontinued), is used in horticulture to prevent damping off in seedlings.
As a non-agricultural herbicide, is Copper sulfate used to control invasive aquatic plants and the roots of plants situated near water pipes.
Copper sulfate is used in swimming pools as an algicide.
A dilute solution of copper sulfate is used to treat aquarium fishes for parasitic infections, and is also used to remove snails from aquariums and zebra mussels from water pipes.

Copper ions are highly toxic to fish, however.
Most species of algae can be controlled with very low concentrations of copper sulfate.
Copper(II) sulfate has attracted many niche applications over the centuries.
In industry copper sulfate has multiple applications.
In printing Copper sulfate is an additive to book binding pastes and glues to protect paper from insect bites; in building Copper sulfate is used as an additive to concrete to provide water resistance and disinfectant qualities.
Copper sulfate can be used as a coloring ingredient in artworks, especially glasses and potteries.
Copper sulfate is also used in firework manufacture as a blue coloring agent, but Copper sulfate is not safe to mix copper sulfate with chlorates when mixing firework powders.

Copper sulphate is a very versatile chemical with as extensive a range of uses in industry as Copper sulfate has in agriculture.
Copper sulfate's principal employment is in agriculture, and this role is described in some detail in the next section.
Copper sulfate can be used as fungicide, herbicide, pesticide.
Maroon slurry when Copper sulfate meets lime; When mixed with sodium carbonate, Copper sulfate is an active ingredient in the use of pesticides, which is called burgundy slurry and generally in order to combat fungal diseases in vineyards and orchards.
Preparation of cheshunt composition, which is a mixture of copper sulfate and ammonium carbonate, which precipitates fungal disease in seedlings in horticultural cultivation, falls into a separate field of combination.
Copper sulfate is used as a herbicide against the roots of aquatic plants invading water pipes.

Copper sulfate is used as a cleaner in swimming pools in the form of algae remover.
Usually with very low concentrations of copper, algae species can be controlled.
A dilute sulfate solution is used to treat aquarium fish parasitic infections.
Copper sulfate solution can also be used to kill snails in aquariums.
Since copper sulfate has a very poisonous content for fish, Copper sulfate is necessary to pay attention to its dosage.

Copper sulfate is also very effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
Up to a generation or so ago about Copper sulfates only uses in industry were as a mordant for dyeing and for electroplating, but today Copper sulfate is being employed in many industrial processes.
The synthetic fibre industry has found an application for Copper sulfate in the production of their raw material.
The metal industry uses large quantities of copper sulphate as an electrolyte in copper refining, for copper coating steel wire prior to wire drawing and in various copper plating processes.
The mining industry employs Copper sulfate as an activator in the concentration by froth flotation of lead, zinc, cobalt and gold ores.

The printing trade takes Copper sulfate as an electrolyte in the production of electrotype and as an etching agent for process engraving.
The paint industry uses Copper sulfate in anti-fouling paints and Copper sulfate plays a part in the colouring of glass.
Indeed, today there is hardly an industry which does not have some small use for copper sulphate.
In Table A some of the many uses of copper sulphate are listed.
In agriculture, Copper sulfate forms the basis for manufacturing the agricultural fungicide Bordeaux Mixture and is also used as an algaecide and molluscicide, as well as to correct copper deficient soil.

Copper sulphate is used as an additive in animal feed to promote growth and correct copper deficiencies in the animals.
Copper sulfate's many industrial uses include applications as a preservative or additive in glues, paints, leather, synthetic fibres, textiles, hair dye products, fireworks, chlorophyll and wrapping paper for fruit, among others.
The Copper Sulfate feed grade, is used in the elaboration of mineral premixes, that complement the proper feeding of livestock and poultry.
The fine crystals and free flow characteristics of our Copper Sulfate, make Copper sulfate ideal to combine with other nutrients,allowing the animal to achieve a balanced diet.
Copper sulfate include purity and copper content, as well as its physical ones, in which the crystal size is very important, we can safely say, that the best animal feed products are formulated with Nordfeed´s Copper Sulfate.
Basic chemistry sets that are used as educational tools generally include copper sulfate.
The chemical compound CuSO4 has a wide range of applications.

Some of these uses are listed below.
-The pentahydrate of this compound, CuSO4.5H2O is used as a fungicide due to its ability to kill several fungi.
-Copper sulfate is used in Benedict’s solution and in Fehling’s solution, which is used in testing for reducing sugars.
-Copper sulfate is also used to test blood samples for diseases like anaemia.
-CuSO4 is mixed with KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) to form an oxidant which can be used in the conversion of 1o
-Copper sulfate is also used as a dye fixative in the process of vegetable dyeing.
-Solutions of copper sulfate in water can be used as a resistive element liquid resistors.
-Copper sulfate can also be used as a decorative since it can add colour to cement, ceramics, and other metals as well.
-Copper sulfate is also added to bookbinding glues in order to protect the printed paper from insects.
-Lowering a copper etching plate into the copper sulfate solution.
-Copper sulfate was once used to kill bromeliads, which serve as mosquito breeding sites.
-Copper sulfate is used as a molluscicide to treat bilharzia in tropical countries.

CHEMICAL:
-Preparation of catalysts for use in many industries
-Purification of gases, e.g removal of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide
-Precipitation promoter in purifying zinc sulphate solutions
-Precipitation of alkaloids as double salts from crude extracts
-Source of other copper compounds such as copper carbonate silicate/arsenite/aceto-arsenite/resinate/stearate/tartrate/oleate naphthenate/chromate/chlorate/alginate/fluoride/hydroxide/cuprous oxide/chloride/cyanide and cuprammonium compounds

DECORATE TRADES:
-Colouring glass
-Colouring cement and plaster
-Colouring ceramic wares
-Alteration of metal colours, e.g darkening of zinc, colouring aluminium

DYESTUFFS
-Reagent in the preparation of dyestuffs intermediates
-Catalyst or raw material for the preparation of copper catalysts, e.g preparation of phenols from diago compounds, preparation of phthalocyanine dyes

Copper is an essential element and Copper sulfate is required to support proper health.
The human body adjusts its internal environment to maintain copper equilibrium.
Copper sulfate is absorbed into the body if eaten or inhaled.
Copper sulfate then rapidly enters the bloodstream.
Once inside, copper moves throughout the body.
Copper sulfate then binds to proteins and enters different organs.

Copper naturally occurs in the environment.
Copper in soil may originate from natural sources, pesticides, or other sources.
These may include mining, industry, architectural material, and motor vehicles.
Copper accumulates mainly at the surface of soils, where Copper sulfate binds tightly and persists.

Copper sulfate is highly soluble in water and Copper sulfate can bind to sediments.
Copper is regulated by plants because Copper sulfate is an essential mineral.
Too much copper can be toxic to plants as Copper sulfate inhibits photosynthesis.
Excess copper is excreted and not often stored in the body.
Copper can be collected in the liver but Copper sulfate can also be found in stomach secretions, bone, brain, hair, heart, intestine, kidneys, muscle, nails, skin, and spleen.
Copper is mainly excreted in the feces.
Small amounts can also be eliminated in hair and nails.
In one study, researchers found Copper sulfate takes 13 to 33 days for half of a large copper dose to be eliminated from the body.

LEATHER:
-Mordant in dyeing
-Reagent in tanning processes

METAL AND ELECTRICAL
-Electrolyte in copper refining
-Electrolyte in copper plating and electro forming
-Electrolyte manufacture of cuprous compounds, e.g cuprous oxide
-Constituent of the electrodes and electrolytes in batteries
-Electrolyte in the manufacture of copper powder
-Electrolyte in aluminium plating and anodising
-Pickling copper wire, etc, prior to enamelling
-Providing a suitable surface for marking out iron and steel

MINING
-Flotation reagent in the concentration of ores, e.g zinc blende
-Raw material for the manufacture of copper naphthenate and other copper compounds for use in anti-fouling paints

PAINT
-Preparation of certain varnish or paint dryers, e.g copper oleate, copper stearate
-Preparation of certain pigments, e.g copper chromate, copper ferrocyanide, copper phthalocyanine

PRINTING:
-Etching agent for process engraving
-Electrolyte in the preparation of electrotype
-Ingredient of printing inks

SYNTHETIC RUBBER AND PETROLEUM
-Preparation of catalysts used in cracking certain gaseous and liquid petroleum
-Fractions
-Preparation of cuprous chloride, used in the purification of butadiene and in the separation of acetylene derivatives
-Preparation of catalysts used in chlorinating rubber latexPurification of petroleum oils

TEXTILES
-Preparation of copper compounds for rot-proofing canvas and other fabrics
-Rot-proofing sandbags
-Mordant, especially in calico printing
-Cuprammonium process for the production of rayon
-Production of aniline black and diazo colours for dyeing
-‘After coppering’ to increase the fastness of dyes
-Catalyst in the manufacture of cellulose ethers and in cellulose acetylation

MISCELLANEOUS
-Improving the burning qualities of coke
-Laboratory analytical work
-Ingredient of laundry marking ink
-Dyeing of hair and horn
-Ingredient of hair dyes of the phenylene diamine or pyrogallol type
-Preparation of chlorophyll as a colouring material for foodstuffs
-Imparting a green colour in fireworks
-Activator in the preparation of active carbons
-Preservative for wood pulp
-Preservation of fishing nets and hides on trawls
-Obtaining a blue-back finish on steel
-Treatment of carbon brushes
-Ingredient of the solution used for preserving plant specimens in their natural colours
-Impregnation in fruit wrapping papers to prevent storage rots

Agricultural Uses:
Fungicide, Algaecide, Bactericide, Herbicide, Molluscicide: Copper sulfate is a fungicide used to control bacterial and fungal diseases of fruit, vegetable, nut, and field crops.
These diseases include mildew, leaf spots, blights, and apple scab.
Copper sulfate is used as a protective fungicide (Bordeaux mixture) for leaf application and seed treatment.
Copper sulfate is also used as an algaecide and herbicide, and to kill slugs and snails in irrigation and municipal water treatment systems.
Copper sulfate has been used to control Dutch elm disease. It is available as a dust, wettable powder, or liquid concentrate.
Copper sulfate is used as a fungicide and algaecide, in veterinary medicine and others.
Copper sulfate is also used todetect and to remove trace amounts of water from alcohols and organic compounds.

APPLICATION AREAS:
-Metal revetment
-wood industry
-mining sector
-bait industry
-agriculture industry
-breeding
-in the pools
-fabric dying and pharmacy

Properties:
The physical and chemical properties of copper sulfate are discussed in this subsection.
Copper sulfate can be noted that the properties of anhydrous CuSO4 and CuSO4.5H2O vary considerably, and have been highlighted separately.

Physical Properties of Copper sulfate:
-The molar mass of the anhydrous and the pentahydrate forms of copper sulfate are 159.609 grams/mole and 249.685 grams per mole respectively.
-Anhydrous Copper sulfate has a grey-white, powdery appearance whereas the pentahydrate has a bright blue colour.
-The densities of the anhydrous and pentahydrate forms are 3.6 grams per cubic centimetre and 2.286 g.cm-3
-Both hydrated and anhydrous copper sulfates tend to decompose on heating and hence do not have exact boiling points.
-Anhydrous Copper sulfate has an orthorhombic crystal structure whereas CuSO4.5H2O crystals have triclinic structures.

Chemical Properties of Copper sulfate:
-The copper ions present in copper sulfate react with the chloride ions belonging to concentrated hydrochloric acid, leading to the formation of tetrachlorocuprate(II).
-The chemical equation for this reaction is given by Cu2+ + 4Cl– → CuCl42-
-When heated to 650oC, CuSO4 undergoes a decomposition reaction to yield cupric oxide (CuO) and SO3 (sulfur trioxide).
-Copper sulfate is highly soluble in water, with solubility values of 1.055 molal and 1.502 molal ate 10oC and 30oC respectively.
-A typical example of a single displacement reaction where one metal displaces another is the reaction between iron and copper sulfate, given by the reaction Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of Copper sulfate:
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate decomposes before melting.
Copper sulfate loses two water molecules upon heating at 63 °C (145 °F), followed by two more at 109 °C (228 °F) and the final water molecule at 200 °C (392 °F).
Dehydration proceeds by decomposition of the tetraaquacopper(2+) moiety, two opposing aqua groups are lost to give a diaquacopper(2+) moiety.
The second dehydration step occurs when the final two aqua groups are lost.
Complete dehydration occurs when the final unbound water molecule is lost.
At 650 °C (1,202 °F), copper(II) sulfate decomposes into copper(II) oxide (CuO) and sulfur trioxide (SO3).
Cupric sulfate, a bluish crystalline powder, also known as hydrocyanite and copper sulfate, vitriol, chalcanthite, and bluestone, is an azure blue material used in the It is used in the leather industry.

Copper sulfate is prepared by the reaction of sulfuric acid and copper.
Copper sulfate is also obtained as a by-product from copper refineries.
Copper sulfate (anhydrous form) is green or gray-white powder, whereas pentahydrate, the most commonly encountered salt, is bright blue.
The anhydrous form occurs as a rare mineral known as chalcocyanite.
Hydrated copper sulfate occurs in nature as chalcanthite.

Copper sulfate is made by the action of sulfuric acid with a variety of copper compounds.
Copper sulfate is used in hair dyes, coloring glass, processing of leather, textiles, and in pyrotechnics as a green colorant.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used as a fungicide and a mixture with lime is called Bordeux mixture and is used to control fungus on grapes, melons, and other berries, as a molluscicide for the destruction of slugs and snails, particularly the snail host of the liver fl uke.
Copper sulfate is used in Fehling and Benedict’s solution to test reducing sugars

Physical State: Powder Solid
Appearance: Grey
Odor: Odorless
Ph: 3.5-4.5
Melting Point/Range: 200 °C / 392 °F
Specific Gravity: 3.6
Solubility: 203 g/L (20°C)
Molecular Formula: Cu O4 S
Molecular Weight: 159.6
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS:

While copper is a trace element that occurs naturally in plants and animals, copper sulfate is not and can act as an irritant when someone is exposed to it.
Crops and agriculture are cleaned after being treated with copper sulfate and there’s minimal risk to ingesting Copper sulfate from a treated crop as Copper sulfate primarily binds itself to soil sediments.
Copper sulfate is possible to be exposed to copper sulfate if you use Copper sulfate for farming or gardening purposes.
If absorbed through the skin or eyes copper sulfate may cause a burning, stinging sensation.
This could result in itching, eczema, conjunctivitis, inflammation, fluid buildup or cornea irritation if exposed to the eyes.
Should copper sulfate be ingested, Copper sulfate’s only mildly toxic as Copper sulfate’s most often vomited up relatively quickly due to the extreme irritation Copper sulfate causes on the gastrointestinal tract.
If someone consumes copper sulfate and does not vomit, they could be at risk of copper sulfate poisoning.

Signs of copper sulfate poisoning include:
-Burning sensations in the chest or abdomen
-A metallic taste in the mouth
-Nausea
-Headaches
-Diarrhea (which may have a blue or green color to Copper sulfate from the compound’s hue)
-Excessive sweating
-Regardless of whether vomiting has occurred or not, anyone who consumes copper sulfate should go to the ER to rule poisoning out as well as make sure there’s been no damage to the brain, liver, kidneys, or intestinal lining of the stomach.
-Though extremely rare, if left untreated, high-dose exposure to copper sulfate in some situations can cause death.

Copper sulfate can cause severe eye irritation.
Eating large amounts of copper sulfate can lead to nausea, vomiting, and damage to body tissues, blood cells, the liver, and kidneys.
With extreme exposures, shock and death can occur.
Copper sulfate affects animals in a similar way.
Signs of poisoning in animals include lack of appetite, vomiting, dehydration, shock, and death.
Diarrhea and vomit may have a green to blue color.

SYNONYM:
7758-98-7
CUPRIC SULFATE
Copper(II) sulfate
Cupric sulfate anhydrous
Copper sulphate
Copper(2+) sulfate
Copper(ii) sulfate, anhydrous
Blue stone
Copper monosulfate
Copper II sulfate
Cupricsulfate
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1)
Copper sulfate (1:1)
CuSO4
copper;sulfate
UNII-KUW2Q3U1VV
Registration dossier
Copper sulfate
copper sulfate
Copper Sulphate
Copper sulphate
copper sulphate
Copper Sulphate
Copper sulphate
copper sulphateblue stone
Blue Vitriol
copper (II) Sulfate
Copper (II) Sulphate pentahydrated
Copper Sulfate
Copper Sulphate
Copper sulphate
MFCD00010981copper (2+) sulphate
Copper (II) sulfate
copper (II) sulfate
copper (II) sulfate, pentahydrate
Copper (II) Sulphate
Copper (II) sulphate
Copper (ii) sulphate
copper (II) sulphate
Copper (II) Sulphate Pentahydrate

About Copper sulfate Helpful information:
Copper sulfate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Copper sulfate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Biocidal Uses of Copper sulfate:
This substance is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: disinfection.

Consumer Uses of Copper sulfate:
Copper sulfate is used in the following products: fertilisers, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases, photo-chemicals, polishes and waxes, textile treatment products and dyes, washing & cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, adhesives and sealants, polymers and inks and toners.
Other release to the environment of Copper sulfate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Article service life of Copper sulfate:
Release to the environment of Copper sulfate can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of Copper sulfate is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Copper sulfate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Copper sulfate can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).

Widespread uses by professional workers of Copper sulfate:
Copper sulfate is used in the following products: fertilisers, metal surface treatment products, coating products, inks and toners, adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, photo-chemicals, polishes and waxes, polymers, laboratory chemicals and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Copper sulfate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, printing and recorded media reproduction and building & construction work.
Copper sulfate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Other release to the environment of Copper sulfate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Formulation or re-packing of Copper sulfate:
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products Copper sulfate might be used. Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles, formulation in materials, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and manufacturing of the substance.

Uses at industrial sites of Copper sulfate:
Copper sulfate is used in the following products: adsorbents, pH regulators and water treatment products and polymers.
Copper sulfate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Copper sulfate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Copper sulfate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Copper sulfate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Manufacture of Copper sulfate:
Release to the environment of Copper sulfate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and in the production of articles.

IUPAC names
COOPER SULPHATE
copper (2+) sulphate
Copper (II) sulfate
copper (II) sulfate
copper (II) sulfate, pentahydrate
Copper (II) Sulphate
Copper (II) sulphate
Copper (ii) sulphate
copper (II) sulphate
Copper (II) Sulphate Pentahydrate
copper (II) sulphate, monohydrate
Copper sulfate
copper sulfate
Copper Sulphate
Copper sulphate
copper sulphate
Copper Sulphate
Copper sulphate
copper sulphate
Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate
Copper sulphate pentahydrate
copper sulphate pentahydrate
Copper sulphate, pentahydrate
Copper sulphateCopper (II) sulfateCuSO4
Copper(2+) sulfate
copper(2+) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfate
copper(II) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Copper(II) sulfate, pentahydrate
copper(II) sulphate
copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate
copper-sulphate-
copper;sulfate
copper;sulfate;pentahydrate
coppersulphate
cupric sulfate
CuSO4.5H2O
dicopper(1+) sulfate
GFU Copper sulphate C_L
Kupfer(II)sulfat Pentahydrat
solfato di rame
Sulfato de cobre (II) pentahidratado
tetracopperhexahyrdoxide sulphate semi hydrate

Trade names
blue stone
Blue Vitriol
copper (II) Sulfate
Copper (II) Sulphate pentahydrated
Copper Sulfate
Copper Sulphate
Copper sulphate
copper sulphate
Cupric Sulfate
CuSO4.5H20
Kupfersulfat (Copper sulphate)
Sulfato de Cobre
Sulfato de Cobre Pentahidratado
029-004-00-0
029-023-00-4
139939-69-8
139939-69-8
7758-98-7

Copper sulfate
7758-98-7
CUPRIC SULFATE
Copper(II) sulfate
Copper sulphate
Cupric sulfate anhydrous
Copper(2+) sulfate
Copper(ii) sulfate, anhydrous
Blue stone
Copper monosulfate
Copper II sulfate
Cupricsulfate
copper;sulfate
CuSO4
Copper(2+) sulphate
Copper sulfate (1:1)
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1)
COPPERSULFATE
UNII-KUW2Q3U1VV
copper(II) sulphate
10124-44-4
18939-61-2
Copper (II) sulphate
MFCD00010981
KUW2Q3U1VV
Copper(II) sulfate solution
1332-14-5
Hylinec
Trinagle
Delcup
Cupric sulphate
Monocopper sulfate
Incracide 10A
BCS copper fungicide
Blue copper (VAN)
Bonide Root Destroyer
Copper Sulfate Powder
Kupfersulfat [German]
All Clear Root Destroyer
Snow Crystal Copper Sulfate
Sulfate de cuivre [French]
Aqua Maid Permanent Algaecide
CCRIS 3665
HSDB 916
Copper(2+) sulfate (1:1)
Granular Crystals Copper Sulfate
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt
MAC 570
Bluestone copper sulfate
Copper sulfate, anhydrous
Tobacco States Brand Copper Sulfate
EINECS 231-847-6
Phelps Triangle Brand Copper Sulfate
NSC 57630
Sulfuric acid, copper salt
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:?)
Copper (II) Sulfate Anhydrous
Sa-50 Brand Copper Sulfate Granular Crystals
Aquatronics Snail-A-Cide Dri-Pac Snail Powder
Copper monosulphate
copper(II)sulphate
copper(II)-sulfate
EINECS 242-692-9
CuO4S
Copper Sulfate Chelate
CuSO4 copper sulphate
Copper (11) sulfate
Copper( cento) sulfate
Cupric sulphate anhydrous
Cupric sulfate, anhydrous
Bluestone, Cupric Sulfate
Cupric sulphate, anhydrous
Sulfuric acid copper(2+)salt
DTXSID6034479
CHEBI:23414
AKOS015902901
DB06778
BP-20356
FisherTab™ CT-37 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ CT-50 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ TT-35 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ TT-43 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ TT-50 Kjeldahl Tablets
FisherTab™ TT-57 Kjeldahl Tablets
K358
FisherTab™ CT-AUTO Kjeldahl Tablets
FT-0624048
SULFURIC ACID, COPPERSALT (8CI,9CI)
C18713
cupric sulphate, copper sulphate, cupric sulfate
A923422
Q107184
SR-01000944582
SR-01000944582-1
COPPER SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE
Blue Vitriol; Blue Copper; Blue stone; copperfine-zinc; Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate; Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1) pentahydrate; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate; Kupfersulfat Pentahydrat; Kupfervitriol; Sulfato De Cobre Pentahidratado; Copper monosulfate; Sulfate de cuivre CAS NO:7758-99-8 (pentahydrate
COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is known as blue vitriol.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is an odorless blue crystal that readily dissolves in water.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is also soluble in methanol, glycerol and slightly soluble in ethanol.

CAS: 7758-99-8
MF: CuH10O9S
MW: 249.68
EINECS: 616-477-9

The highly toxic, non-combustible has a nauseating metallic taste and turns white when dehydrated.
Structurally, in the pentahydrate molecule, each Copper sulfate pentahydrate is surrounded by four water molecules in the corners and the fifth water molecule is attached by hydrogen bonding.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate has many applications including preparation of Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide preparation.

Electroplating, timber preservation and textile industry use Copper sulfate pentahydrate.
A green mineral consisting of Copper sulfate pentahydrate and hydroxide (CuCO3.Cu(OH)2).
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used as an ore and a pigment.
Blue crystalline granules or powder.
Melting point 110°C (with decomposition).
Non-combustible. Nauseating metallic taste.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate, also known as copper sulphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7.
The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of Copper sulfate pentahydrate.
Older names for the Copper sulfate pentahydrate include blue vitriol, bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry.
The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands.
The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulfate anions to form chains.
Anhydrous Copper sulfate pentahydrate is a light grey powder.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 110 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Density: 2.284
Vapor pressure: 7.3 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
Storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Solubility: 320 g/L (20°C)
Form: Solid
Specific Gravity: 2.284
Color: fine blue crystals
Odor: blue cryst. or cryst. gran. or powd., odorless
PH: 3.5-4.5 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Water Solubility: 320 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,2653
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 1 mg/m3
CAS DataBase Reference: 7758-99-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Copper sulfate pentahydrate (7758-99-8)

Copper sulfate pentahydrate is a greenish-white crystalline solid; the pentahydrate is Blue powder or granules, or ultramarine crystalline solid.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is the pentahydrate of copper(2+) sulfate.
A bright blue crystalline solid.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is a hydrate and a metal sulfate.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate contains a copper(II) sulfate.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate decomposes before melting.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate loses two water molecules upon heating at 63 °C (145 °F), followed by two more at 109 °C (228 °F) and the final water molecule at 200 °C (392 °F).

The chemistry of aqueous copper sulfate is simply that of copper aquo complex, since the sulfate is not bound to copper in such solutions.
Thus, such solutions react with concentrated hydrochloric acid to give tetrachlorocuprate(II):

Cu2+ + 4 Cl− → [CuCl4]2−
Similarly treatment of such solutions with zinc gives metallic copper, as described by this simplified equation:

CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4
A further illustration of such single metal replacement reactions occurs when a piece of iron is submerged in a solution of copper sulfate:

Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu
In high school and general chemistry education, copper sulfate is used as an electrolyte for galvanic cells, usually as a cathode solution.
For example, in a zinc/copper cell, copper ion in copper sulfate solution absorbs electron from zinc and forms metallic copper.

Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu (cathode), E°cell = 0.34 V
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is commonly included in teenager chemistry sets and undergraduate experiments.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is often used to grow crystals in schools and in copper plating experiments, despite its toxicity.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is often used to demonstrate an exothermic reaction, in which steel wool or magnesium ribbon is placed in an aqueous solution of CuSO4.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used to demonstrate the principle of mineral hydration.
The pentahydrate form, which is blue, is heated, turning the copper sulfate into the anhydrous form which is white, while the water that was present in the pentahydrate form evaporates.
When water is then added to the anhydrous compound, Copper sulfate pentahydrate turns back into the pentahydrate form, regaining its blue color.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate can easily be produced by crystallization from solution as copper(II) sulfate, which is hygroscopic.

Uses
Anhydr salt for detecting and removing trace amounts of water from alcohols and other organic Compounds; as fungicide.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate as agricultural fungicide, algicide, bactericide, herbicide; food and fertilizer additive; in insecticide mixtures; in manufacture of other Cu salts; as mordant in textile dyeing; in preparation of azo dyes; in preserving hides; in tanning leather; in preserving wood; in electroplating solutions; as battery electrolyte; in laundry and metal-marking inks; in petroleum refining; as flotation agent; pigment in paints, varnishes and other materials; in mordant baths for intensifying photographic negatives; in pyrotechnic compositions; in water-resistant adhesives for wood; in metal coloring and tinting baths; in antirusting compositions for radiator and heating systems; as reagent toner in photography and photoengraving; etc.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate salt may be used for the fabrication of copper nanoparticles by chemical reduction.
The pentahydrate salt of copper may be used as a catalyst for the conversion of aromatic aldehydes to primary amides via aldoximes.
Reduced graphene oxide-supported copper nanoparticles (rGO/Cu NPs) may be prepared by Copper sulfate pentahydrate and graphitic precursors.
An aqueous electrolytic bath containing CuSO4.5H2O as one of the constituents was used for the preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cell.
Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) and Copper sulfate pentahydrate may be used to fabricate Fe-Cu binary oxide sorbents for arsenic removal applications.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate has been used:
As an additive in trace element solution preparation in solid glucose minimal media.
As a component of adamsII solution in Pneumococcal media.
In the preparation of alginate gel for drug encapsulation.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is an inorganic Lewis acid commonly used to promote acid catalyzed organic reactions.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used as a reagent for the synthesis of copper carbenoids.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate can also act as an effective redox catalyst in combination with other mixed oxidizing systems.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate Fine Crystals serve as the main ingredient for manufacturing Bordeaux and Burgundy mixtures that are used as algaecides, both on the farm and to ensure safe water supplies.
Bordeaux mixtures are also employed to adjust and maintain copper deficient soils to optimum levels.

As a fungicide and herbicide
Copper sulfate pentahydrate has been used for control of algae in lakes and related fresh waters subject to eutrophication.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate "remains the most effective algicidal treatment".

Bordeaux mixture, a suspension of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), is used to control fungus on grapes, melons, and other berries.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is produced by mixing a water solution of copper sulfate and a suspension of slaked lime.

A dilute solution of copper sulfate is used to treat aquarium fishes for parasitic infections, and is also used to remove snails from aquariums and zebra mussels from water pipes.
Copper ions are highly toxic to fish.
Most species of algae can be controlled with very low concentrations of copper sulfate.

Analytical reagent
Several chemical tests utilize copper sulfate.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used in Fehling's solution and Benedict's solution to test for reducing sugars, which reduce the soluble blue copper(II) sulfate to insoluble red copper(I) oxide.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is also used in the Biuret reagent to test for proteins.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used to test blood for anemia.
The blood is dropped into a solution of copper sulfate of known specific gravity—blood with sufficient hemoglobin sinks rapidly due to its density, whereas blood which sinks slowly or not at all has an insufficient amount of hemoglobin.
Clinically relevant, however, modern laboratories utilize automated blood analyzers for accurate quantitative hemoglobin determinations, as opposed to older qualitative means.
In a flame test, the copper ions of copper sulfate emit a deep green light, a much deeper green than the flame test for barium.

Organic synthesis
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is employed at a limited level in organic synthesis.
The anhydrous salt is used as a dehydrating agent for forming and manipulating acetal groups.
The hydrated salt can be intimately mingled with potassium permanganate to give an oxidant for the conversion of primary alcohols.

Niche uses
Copper sulfate pentahydrate has attracted many niche applications over the centuries.
In industry copper sulfate has multiple applications.
In printing Copper sulfate pentahydrate is an additive to book-binding pastes and glues to protect paper from insect bites; in building Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used as an additive to concrete to improve water resistance and discourage anything from growing on it.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate can be used as a coloring ingredient in artworks, especially glasses and potteries.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is also used in firework manufacture as a blue coloring agent, but Copper sulfate pentahydrate is not safe to mix copper sulfate with chlorates when mixing firework powders.

Lowering a copper etching plate into the copper sulfate solution
Copper sulfate pentahydrate was once used to kill bromeliads, which serve as mosquito breeding sites.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used as a molluscicide to treat bilharzia in tropical countries.

Etching
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used to etch zinc, aluminium, or copper plates for intaglio printmaking.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is also used to etch designs into copper for jewelry, such as for Champlevé.

Dyeing
Copper sulfate pentahydrate can be used as a mordant in vegetable dyeing.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate often highlights the green tints of the specific dyes.

Electronics
An aqueous solution of Copper sulfate pentahydrate is often used as the resistive element in liquid resistors.
In electronic and microelectronic industry a bath of CuSO4·5H2O and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is often used for electrodeposition of copper.

Reactivity Profile
Copper sulfate pentahydrate can be dehydrated by heating.
Serves as a weak oxidizing agent.
Causes hydroxylamine to ignite.
Gains water readily.
The hydrated salt is vigorously reduced by hydroxylamine.
Both forms are incompatible with finely powdered metals.
Both are incompatible with magnesium, corrode steel and iron, may react with alkalis, phosphates, acetylene gas, hydrazine, or nitromethane, and may react with beta-naphthol, propylene glycol, sulphathiazole and triethanolamine if the pH exceeds 7.
Both act as acidic salts, corrode metals and irritate tissues.
Literature sources indicate that Copper sulfate pentahydrate is nonflammable.

Synonyms
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
7758-99-8
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
Cupric sulfate pentahydrate
Blue vitriol
Calcanthite
Copper(2+) sulfate pentahydrate
Copper (II) Sulfate pentahydrate
Bluestone
Triangle
Vencedor
Copper(II) sulfate, pentahydrate
Blue Copperas
Blue Vicking
Salzburg vitriol
Blue copper AS
copper;sulfate;pentahydrate
Caswell No. 256
Kupfervitriol
Kupfervitriol [German]
Cupric Sulfate [USP]
Copper(2+) sulfate (1:1) pentahydrate
CuSO4.5H2O
copper sulphate pentahydrate
Copper sulfate, pentahydrate
CuSO4(H2O)5
CCRIS 5556
HSDB 2968
Kupfersulfat-pentahydrat
Kupfersulfat-pentahydrat [German]
Copper sulfate (CuSO4) pentahydrate
copper sulphate(5.H2O)
UNII-LRX7AJ16DT
MFCD00149681
LRX7AJ16DT
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 024401
Sentry AQ mardel coppersafe
Cupric sulfate (pentahydrate)
copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt, pentahydrate
copper (2+) sulfate pentahydrate
copper(2+) sulfate--water (1/5)
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
Cupric sulfate (USP)
Liquid Copper Sulfate
COPPERFINE-ZINC
Cupric sulfate (TN)
Copper Sulfate, Crystal
NATURAL CHALCANTHITE
Cupric sulphate pentahydrate
copper sulfate-penta hydrate
Copper Sulfate Fine Crystal
Copper(II)sulfatepentahydrate
copper(II)sulfate pentahydrate
COPPER SULFATE [VANDF]
copper(II)sulphate pentahydrate
copper(II)sulphate-pentahydrate
CUPRIC SULFATE [VANDF]
copper(11) sulfate pentahydrate
DTXSID9031066
Cu.H2-O4-S.5H2-O
CUPRUM SULPHURICUM [HPUS]
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate
copper(2+) sulfate, pentahydrate
JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Copper (II) sulfate, pentahydrate
CUPRIC SULFATE [ORANGE BOOK]
AKOS025243248
LS-1724
CUPRIC SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE [MI]
COPPER(2+) SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE
COPPER (AS CUPRIC SULFATE) [VANDF]
COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
FT-0624051
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, ACS reagent
D03613
COPPER(2+) SULPHATE (1:1) PENTAHYDRATE
COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Q6135414
Sulfuric acid copper(2) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
SULFURIC ACID, COPPER (2+) SALT, PENTAHYDRATE
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (99.999%-Cu) PURATREM
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, Trace metals grade, 99.995%
SULFURIC ACID, COPPER (2+) SALT (1:1), PENTAHYDRATE
COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is densely covered with numerous nodes.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract might decrease acid in the stomach.


CAS Number: 23224-57-9
EC Number: 245-020-0
Binomial name: Coptis chinensis
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Coptis
Species: C. chinensis



SYNONYMS:
Anemone groenlandica, Cankerroot, Chinese Coptis, Chinese Goldthread, Coptide, Coptide à Trois Feuilles, Coptide Chinois, Coptide du Groenland, Coptide Savoyane, Coptide Trifoliolée, Coptidis Rhizome, Coptis, Coptis chinensis, Coptis deltoidea, Coptis groenlandica, Coptis Rhizome, Coptis teeta, Coptis teetoides, Coptis trifolia, Golden Thread, Goldenthread, Huang Lian, Huanglian, Mouth Root, Racine Jaune, Rhizoma Coptidis, Savoyane, Tisavoyane Jaune, Yellowroot, Chinese Goldthread, Huang Lian, Coptis chinensis, Coptis deltoidea, Coptis japonica, Coptis teeta, Coptis teetoides, Coptis trifolia, Coptis groenlandica, Anemone groenlandica, Cankerroot, Chinese Coptis, Chinese Goldthread, Coptide, Coptide à Trois Feuilles, Coptide Chinois, Coptide du Groenland, Coptide Savoyane, Coptide Trifoliolée, Coptidis Rhizome, Coptis, Coptis Rhizome, Golden Thread, Goldenthread, Huang Lian, Huanglian, Japanese Goldthread, Mouth Root, Racine Jaune, Rhizoma Coptidis, Savoyane, Tisavoyane Jaune, Yellowroot



Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract contains ONLY natural ingredients.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is a low-growing plant that is indigenous to the mountainous regions of China.
The leaves are basal, long petiolate.


The rhizome is shaped like a cockspur, has a brownish yellow color.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is densely covered with numerous nodes.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is a plant.


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract might decrease acid in the stomach.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract also appears to have antibacterial effects and may reduce swelling.
Coptis chinensis, the Chinese goldthread, is a species of goldthread flowering plant native to China


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract, a famous traditional herbal medicine used for clearing heat and detoxification since thousands of years ago, is widely and traditionally used for clinical treatment of stomach inflammation, duodenum and digestive tract ulcers alone or through combing with other herbs in compound formulations.


Extracts such as tinctures or essences offer a convenient alternative to herbal teas.
Many are used in food, food supplements, cosmetics and as an ingredient by herbalists in bespoke formulas.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) is a plant.


The underground stem (rhizome) is used to make medicine.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract, known as Chinese Goldthread, is revered for its root, which contains potent compounds believed to support digestive health and promote a healthy inflammatory response.


Research has highlighted Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract's role in traditional medicine for supporting overall wellness, making it a cornerstone in herbal health practices.
Commonly-known as traditional Chinese medicine, Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract that belongs to the family Ranunculaceae.


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is native to China.
Berberine, coptisine, epiberberine, dihydroberberine are the major active components present in this root.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is a good source of powerful antioxidants like Quercetin that provide protection against oxygen-free radicles.


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract has many health benefits.
Consumption of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is good for gut health, teeth health
Native Americans used Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract as a digestive aid and to remedy infections and mouth sores.


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract’s from this that goldthread got the nickname “canker root.”
The practical value of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract wasn't limited to therapeutic applications; because of its bright gold color, Indigenous Americans also used goldthread to produce a yellow dye and to flavor beer.


Berberine isn’t Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract’s only beneficial compound, though.
Other alkaloids present in Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract include palmatine, epiberberine, jaterorhizine, columbamine, and coptisine.
Coptisine, in particular, has received attention from researchers recently.


It’s currently being examined for Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract!s ability to promote brain health.
Among its other positive attributes, coptisine may help a fever, relieve discomfort, support heart health, and Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract’s a strong antioxidant.


Additionally, Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract encourages normal cellular respiration
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is a low-growing plant that is indigenous to the mountainous regions of China.
The leaves are basal, long petiolate.


The rhizome is shaped like a cockspur, has a brownish yellow color.
It is densely covered with numerous nodes.
Finding a substitute for Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract may be tricky.


Goldenseal is a herb that also contains berberine.
But, like Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract, goldenseal has been severely over-harvested.
You can find goldenseal in most drug stores, but the quality is dubious.


Oregon grape root may be a better alternative than goldenseal.
Although Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract has a lower berberine concentration, Oregon grape root is more sustainable and readily available.
In fact, the plant is so common that Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract’s often considered an invasive species outside its native habitat.


While several varieties of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract are endangered and in need of protection, other species remain plentiful.
Populations of some formerly threatened species, like the North American coptis trifolia, are recovering.
If you’re careful about your source, Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract itself is still a good option.
You can find Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract in supplements, both by itself and blended with other herbs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is used digestive problems.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is used ieishmaniasis (a parasite infection that affects the skin).
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is used trichomoniasis (a parasite infection that is transmitted sexually).


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is used psoriasis (a skin condition).
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is used in ther conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract for these uses.


Cosmetic Uses of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract: antioxidants
Other uses: Because of the strong coloring quality of berberine, Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract has been traditionally used as a dye, especially for wool and other fibers.


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is widely used in both food and medicinal sectors.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for 2000 years.
Berberine (BBR) is a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid found in the Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract, rhizome, and stem bark, could improve cognitive dysfunction


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is used for digestive disorders, a skin infection caused by Leishmania parasites, a sexually transmitted infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is native to China and has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine.


The underground stem (rhizome) is used to make medicine.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract, a famous traditional herbal medicine used for clearing heat and detoxification since thousands of years ago, is widely and traditionally used for clinical treatment of stomach inflammation, duodenum and digestive tract ulcers alone or through combing with other herbs in compound formulations.


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is used for digestive disorders, parasite infections including leishmaniasis, and trichomoniasis, and a skin condition called psoriasis.
Application of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract: Health Drinks, Health Shots and Tonics, Herbs and Aromatic Blends.


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is clinically used as per the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) guidelines for its broad anti-microbial effects.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is used for digestive disorders, a skin infection caused by Leishmania parasites, a sexually transmitted infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.


Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is native to China and has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is used to make medicine.



-Traditional Uses for Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract:
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is an important herb in both Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine.
Starting in the Tang dynasty, Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract was used to make a medicine called Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction (HLJDD), which is still used today.
Herbalist rely on HLJDD to address a variety of ailments, including soothing irritation, promoting normal blood sugar, and supporting gastrointestinal health.


-Traditional uses:
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is called duǎn è huánglián (Chinese: 短萼黄连).
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract has been proved to have anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐bacterial properties and to help to improve cardiovascular conditions.


-Maintains Liver Health - Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is sourced from Coptis chinensis root, which has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
This Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract, or Golden Thread Extract, may help purge harmful substances from the body.
Not only that it purges unwanted substances, Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is a natural way to help support the liver's natural function, essential to overall health.



FUNCTION OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
1. Remove heat and damp, relieve fire and eliminate toxins;
2. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antigens worm and prevent flu viruses.
3. Treat pantothenic acid, fire poison ulcers, red eyes swelling and pain and upset sleepless.



BENEFITS OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Nutritional Value



SAFETY IN USE INFORMATION ABOUT COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Category:
*antioxidants
Recommendation for Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract usage levels up to: not for fragrance use.
Recommendation for Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract flavor usage levels up to: not for flavor use.



FUNCTIONALITY OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
*Antimicrobial Properties,
*Antioxidant Properties
*Blood Sugar Support Ingredient
*Dental Health Ingredient
*Detoxification Support Ingredient
*Digestive Support Ingredient
*Immune Support Ingredient
*Menstrual Comfort Ingredient
*Weight Management Ingredient
*Mild Tension Relief Ingredient



HOW DOES COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT WORK?
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract might decrease acid in the stomach.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract also appears to have antibacterial effects.



ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Main Ingredients: Organic Chinese Goldthread (Coptis Chinensis) Dried Root.

Strength: Dry plant material / solvents ratio 1:3.

Solvents: Other ingredients: vegetable glycerine, alcohol, water.

Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract contains NO GMO, gluten, sugar, yeast, mold, corn, salt, wheat, soy, artificial colors, dairy foods, preservatives or synthetic fertilizers.



INDICATIONS OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Do not use Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract if seal is broken or missing.
Store Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract in a cool dry place.



ETYMOLOGY OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Coptis chinensis Franch. var. chinensis
(syn. Coptis teeta Wallich var. chinensis)



CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Chemical constituents
The rhizomes of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract contain the isoquinoline alkaloids berberine, palmatine, and coptisine among others.



FEATURES OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
*NON GMO!
*Gluten Free!



WHERE TO FIND COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Many varieties of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract are native to Asia and North America and some are actually critically endangered.
There are two reasons for this — one is genetic and one is man-made.
The genetic cause is a random mutation that results in low pollen and seed production in certain species of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract.

This mutation affects up to 80% of Coptis teeta, a type of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract from the eastern Himalayas.
The second cause is overexploitation by humans. Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is a victim of its own success.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract's desirable properties as a therapeutic herb have led to widespread overharvesting.



PRODUCTION AND SOURCING OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Coptis is a small, deciduous plant with yellow flowers and dark brown, woody roots.
Coptis is mainly grown and harvested in China and Japan.
However, due to an increase in demand, it is also cultivated in North America and Europe.

The cultivation of Coptis requires a cool, damp, and shaded environment.
The preferred soil for cultivation is a well-drained loamy soil with a pH of 5-6.
Harvesting of the roots usually occurs in the fall when the plant has fully matured.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
The healing properties of Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract aren’t simply folkloric in nature.
Modern medicine has started to examine the potential health benefits of this herb.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract owes its healing abilities to high concentrations of several potent alkaloid compounds.

Of these, berberine is most commonly associated with Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract’s benefits.
Berberine has dozens of therapeutic applications.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract can protect against some types of harmful organisms and soothe irritated tissue.

Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract promotes normal lipid profiles and is even known to boost the immune system.
Multiple studies suggest that berberine may be of benefit for those suffering from obesity.

Berberine promotes heart health, bone and joint health, brain health, digestive health, liver health, and is beneficial for the respiratory system.
Perhaps most intriguing of all, berberine has been evaluated for activity against cancer but further research is necessary to fully understand its potential or draw conclusions.



HOW DOES COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT WORK?
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract might decrease acid in the stomach.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract also appears to have antibacterial effects and may reduce swelling.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
*Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) flowers.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is a perennial herb that has been used for centuries for its health benefits.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract, also known as coptis or canker root, is a genus of perennial herbs that have been part of Asian and North American traditional medicine for hundreds of years.
The roots of the plant look like a tangled mass of gold thread, hence its name.
Coptis Chinensis (Goldthread) Extract is actually the powdered rhizome, or underground stem, of the goldthread plant.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
Appearance: Yellow Powder
CAS Number: 23224-57-9
EC Number: 245-020-0
Appearance: Yellow-brown powder
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
Density: Approximately 1.1 g/cm³
pH: 4.0 - 6.0
Molecular Weight: 338.38 g/mol (for berberine, one of the main active compounds)
Production Method: Whole-herb Percolation Extraction



FIRST AID MEASURES of COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of COPTIS CHINENSIS (GOLDTHREAD) EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

CORN SILK EXTRACT
Corn Silk Extract is a key part of the vegetable’s reproductive system and essential to crop pollination.
Corn Silk Extract also contains chemicals that might have antioxidant effects, reduce blood pressure, and alter blood sugar levels.


CAS Number: 84696-19-5
EC Number: 232-490-8
Molecular Formula: C12H12O5



SYNONYMS:
Cornsilk, Zea mays silk, Maize silk, Silk of corn, Corn hair, Zea mays L. silk, Cornstalk silk, Corn silk powder



The thread growing from fresh corn on the cob is often discarded and never thought of again.
But that thread, known as Corn Silk Extract, can be of use.
Research has shown that Corn Silk Extract has many nutrients and other health benefits.


The silk is edible, with simple nutrients, and can provide a bountiful amount of vitamins c, k, potassium, and more.
Corn Silk Extract is wispy and gold, and most people usually just toss the tiny, delicate strands.
But, they can be brewed into corn silk tea.


It is believed that the Aztecs and Mayans originally used this tea.
For over 6000 years, evidence shows this tea being used for medicinal purposes.
Corn Silk Extract is the long, silky threads that grow on corncobs.


Corn Silk Extract (Stigma maydis) is the layer of glossy, thread-like strands found between the corn husk and ear.
An ear of corn may have 300 to 600 Corn Silk Extracts.
Corn Silk Extract is a key part of the vegetable’s reproductive system and essential to crop pollination.


The fibers trap the pollen that fertilizes the cob and helps kernels grow.
Along with the husk, Corn Silk Extract also protects kernels, helping the ear of corn retain its moisture and sweetness.
Corn Silk Extract is the long shiny fibers at the top of an ordinary ear of corn (Zea mays).


Corn Silk Extract contains proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
Corn Silk Extract also contains chemicals that might have antioxidant effects, reduce blood pressure, and alter blood sugar levels.
Corn Silk Extract is the long, silky threads that grow on corncobs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CORN SILK EXTRACT:
Corn Silk Extract's often discarded as waste but is also used in medicine.
People use Corn Silk Extract for chest pain, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.


Though it’s often discarded when corn is prepared for eating, Corn Silk Extract may have several medicinal applications.
As an herbal remedy, Corn Silk Extract has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese and Native American medicine.
Corn Silk Extract’s still used today in many countries, including China, France, Turkey, and the United States.



HOW IS CORN SILK EXTRACT USED?
In Asia, Corn Silk Extract has traditionally been used as an herb.
Native Americans used Corn Silk Extract for disease treatments.
In modern times, you can find Corn Silk Extract used in traditional medicine in areas of the US, France, and Turkey.

Corn Silk Extract can potentially provide major antioxidant benefits and function as a diuretic.
Some claim Corn Silk Extract helps with energy, and some claim antidepressant properties.

Corn Silk Extract can be taken as edible supplements or steeped as tea.
But ultimately Corn Silk Extract is used for its antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects.



USES, BENEFITS, AND DOSAGE OF CORN SILK EXTRACT:
*May lower blood pressure
Corn Silk Extract may be an effective treatment for high blood pressure.

First, Corn Silk Extract encourages the elimination of excess fluid from your body.
As such, Corn Silk Extract could be a natural alternative to prescribed diuretics, which are often used to reduce blood pressure.

What’s more, a recent study in rats discovered that Corn Silk Extract significantly reduced blood pressure by inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).

In one 8-week study, 40 people with high blood pressure were given increasing amounts of this supplement until they reached a dose of 118 mg per pound of body weight (260 mg per kg).

Their blood pressure dropped significantly compared to that of a control group, with those given the highest dose experiencing the greatest reduction.
Still, more human research is needed.



FOUR BENEFITS OF CORN SILK EXTRACT FOR YOUR HEALTH INCLUDE:
1. Keeps your urinary system healthy
Corn Silk Extract can act as a powerful diuretic, making you pee more.

Increased urine flow can prevent the buildup of bacteria that leads to urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bladder infections.
And if you do get a UTI or bladder infection, Corn Silk Extract soothes inflammation to ease pain.

Increased urination can also help strengthen your bladder.
Healthcare providers sometimes recommend Corn Silk Extract or teas for children experiencing bedwetting and adults with urinary incontinence.
Corn Silk Extract may also prevent kidney stones and protect against kidney damage caused by certain medications or cancer treatments.

The diuretic properties of Corn Silk Extract may also lower blood pressure.
But Campbell cautions that people who already take diuretics or blood pressure medicine may be at risk for losing too much potassium.

This could lead to low blood potassium levels or hypokalemia.
Low potassium is concerning because it can affect the way your heart beats.
It’s always important to check with your healthcare provider before taking a supplement.


2. Fights inflammation
The plant pigment or flavonoid that gives Corn Silk Extracts their light green, yellow, brown or red colors is also an antioxidant.
In fact, Corn Silk Extracthas as much antioxidant value as vitamin C.
Antioxidants protect against inflammation and the effects of aging, as well as diseases like cancer and diabetes.


3. Lowers blood sugar
Corn Silk Extracts are part of Native American and traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes management.
The extract may lower blood sugar levels and help prevent complications like diabetes-related neuropathy (nerve damage), according to one study.
Other studies indicate that Corn Silk Extracts may slow your body’s absorption of starchy foods, preventing spikes in blood sugar.

But if you’re already taking medications to lower your blood sugar, Campbell advises checking with your provider before beginning to take a supplement. Blood sugar that is too low can be dangerous, too.


4. Improves cholesterol levels
The flavonoids in Corn Silk Extract may improve your cholesterol numbers by lowering triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDL).
These unhealthy forms of cholesterol cause plaque deposits to form inside your arteries, increasing your risk of heart attacks and strokes.



WHAT NUTRIENTS ARE IN CORN SILK EXTRACT?
Studies show that Corn Silk Extract contains:
*Carbohydrates.
*Fiber.
*Minerals like calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, zinc and chloride.
*Protein.



BENEFITS OF CORN SILK EXTRACT:
Despite centuries of herbal remedy use, there are limited studies on the health benefits of Corn Silk Extract.
Much of the existing research took place on animals and not humans.
Still, certain studies suggest that consuming Corn Silk Extract and related products may be good for your health.



BENEFITS OF CORN SILK EXTRACT:
1. High blood pressure treatment:
The properties of Corn Silk Extract may make it a good treatment for high blood pressure.
Corn Silk Extract helps flush excess fluids from the body, and it acts as a diuretic.

A diuretic is a supplement or medicine that helps to rid the body of water and salt/sodium.
Sodium helps to get water out of the body and decreases fluid in the arteries and veins, thus reducing blood pressure.
Prescription diuretics treat high blood pressure and other heart conditions.

Studies show Corn Silk Extract contains chemicals that hamper the work of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is known to increase blood pressure.
People who were given corn silk supplementation ultimately had decreases in blood pressure, depending on the corn silk concentration.


2. Diabetes treatment:
Elevation of insulin levels in diabetics has been shown to be a property of corn silk tea.
The infused tea may help to keep blood sugars level in people with diabetes.
It prevents major fluctuations in blood sugar readings throughout the day.

Blood sugar levels should stay in the target range to help eliminate the risk of long-term health problems like vision loss, heart disease, or kidney disease.
Level insulin and blood sugar levels also help to improve your mood and your energy.

Blood sugar readings should be about 80 to 130 mg/dL before eating.
Two hours after, it should be less than 180mg/dL.
Depending on any other health issues, age, gender, or various other factors, your blood sugar target range may vary.


3. Lower cholesterol levels:
Though more studies are needed, some studies have shown Corn Silk Extract reduced levels of total cholesterol and bad cholesterol called LDL.
Corn Silk Extract also increases good cholesterol, or HDL.

Two different types of lipoproteins carry cholesterol in between the cells.
One is low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and one is high-density lipoprotein {HDL).
LDL is called bad cholesterol because it adds to the fatty build-up in the arteries that narrows the center and increases heart attack and stroke risk.

HDL is good cholesterol because higher levels indicate protection against heart disease and stroke.
Diets rich in fat increase levels of cholesterol in the body.
Corn Silk Extract taken afterward still produced lower levels of total cholesterol.


4. Help with inflammation:
Corn silk tea's properties may help with inflammation in the arms, legs, and joints of the body.
Traditionally, corn silk tea has been used as a treatment for arthritis and gout.
Arthritis is inflammation of the joints, and gout is a type of arthritis additionally burdened by heat, swelling, and crystalline deposits in the joint.


5. Antioxidant benefits:
Oxidative stress is a major aggressor in a number of medical ailments of the body.
Antioxidants protect the body against oxidative stress and free radical damage.

Corn Silk Extract is a rich source of the plant compound known as the antioxidant flavonoid.
These flavonoids are the source of many of the benefits of Corn Silk Extract.
They attack the stress and radical damages that can lead to conditions of inflammation, cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.


6. Eye pressure relief:
In a study, intraocular pressure was reduced in hypertensive patients when given levels of Corn Silk Extract.
This was caused by the diuretic properties of elevated potassium levels in Corn Silk Extract supplementation in high doses.


7. Urinary system benefits:
Corn Silk Extract has shown promising benefits as a diuretic, uricosuric, and antilithiatic.
In a study, the water extracted from Corn Silk Extract showed antioxidant properties that can be used to treat swelling and gout, kidney stones, cystitis, prostatitis, and nephriti



CAN YOU EAT CORN SILK EXTRACT?
4 Health Benefits of Corn Silk

If you’re like most people, you toss Corn Silk Extract straight into the compost bin or trash.
These silky threads that cover ears of corn can be a nuisance to remove — from the cob, your hands and your teeth.

But Native Americans and people in China, Turkey and other countries think differently about Corn Silk Extract.
For centuries, they’ve been using Corn Silk Extract as an herbal remedy for medicinal purposes.

Today, Corn Silk Extract — and products like corn silk tea and supplements — are growing in popularity.
Registered dietitian Susan Campbell, RD, LD, explains why you might want to keep (and not trash) Corn Silk Extract the next time you’re husking corn.



POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF CORN SILK EXTRACT:
Although Corn Silk Extract is routinely used in herbal medicine, studies on it are limited.
However, preliminary research suggests that Corn Silk Extract may have health benefits, especially for certain types of inflammatory conditions like heart disease and diabetes.

*Provides antioxidants
Antioxidants are plant compounds that protect your body’s cells against free radical damage and oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of a number of chronic conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and inflammation.

Corn Silk Extract is a naturally rich source of flavonoid antioxidants.
Multiple test-tube and animal studies demonstrate that Corn Silk Extract's flavonoids reduce oxidative stress and protect against free radical damage.
These compounds may be responsible for many of Corn Silk Extract’s benefits.

*Has anti-inflammatory properties
Inflammation is part of your body’s natural immune response.
However, excessive inflammation is linked to a variety of illnesses, including heart disease and diabetes.

Test-tube and animal studies have found that Corn Silk Extract may reduce inflammation by suppressing the activity of two major inflammatory compounds.
This stringy plant fiber also contains magnesium, which helps regulate your body’s inflammatory response.
That said, human research is needed.

*May manage blood sugar
Some research indicates that Corn Silk Extract may lower blood sugar and help manage diabetes symptoms.
One animal study noted that diabetic mice given Corn Silk Extract flavonoids had significantly reduced blood sugar compared to a control group.

A recent test-tube study also revealed that antioxidants in Corn Silk Extract may help prevent diabetic kidney disease.
Although these results are promising, human studies are needed



WHAT IS CORN SILK EXTRACT, AND HOW IS CORN SILK EXTRACT USED?
Corn Silk Extract is the long, thread-like strands of plant material that grow underneath the husk of a fresh ear of corn.
These shiny, thin fibers aid the pollination and growth of corn, but they’re also used in traditional herbal medicine practices.
Corn Silk Extract contains a variety of plant compounds that may be responsible for various health effects.

In traditional Chinese and Native American medicine, Corn Silk Extract’s used to treat a variety of ailments, including prostate problems, malaria, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and heart disease.

More recent research indicates that it may also help reduce blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, and inflammation.
Corn Silk Extract may be used fresh but is often dried before being consumed as a tea or extract.
It may also be taken as a pill.

Summary
Corn Silk Extract is a type of natural fiber that grows on corn plants.
Corn Silk Extract’s used as an herbal remedy for a variety of illnesses in traditional or folk medicine.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CORN SILK EXTRACT:
EC Number: 232-490-8
CAS Number: 84696-19-5
Molecular Formula: C12H12O5
Molecular Weight: 236.22 g/mol
Appearance: Light yellow to greenish powder
Density: Approximately 1.0 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
pH: 5.0 - 7.0
Flash Point: Not available
Melting Point: Not available



FIRST AID MEASURES of CORN SILK EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CORN SILK EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CORN SILK EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CORN SILK EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CORN SILK EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CORN SILK EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


CORN STARCH
Corn starch, maize starch, or cornflour (British English) is the starch derived from corn (maize) grain.
Corn starch is obtained from the endosperm of the kernel.
Corn starch is a common food ingredient, often used to thicken sauces or soups, and to make corn syrup and other sugars.

CAS: 68412-29-3
MF: (C6H10O5)n
MW: 0
EINECS: 232-679-6

Corn starch is versatile, easily modified, and finds many uses in industry such as adhesives, in paper products, as an anti-sticking agent, and textile manufacturing.
Corn starch has medical uses as well, such as to supply glucose for people with glycogen storage disease.
Like many products in dust form, Corn starch can be hazardous in large quantities due to its flammability—see dust explosion.
When mixed with a fluid, corn starch can rearrange itself into a non-Newtonian fluid.
For example, adding water transforms corn starch into a material commonly known as oobleck while adding oil transforms corn starch into an electrorheological (ER) fluid.
The concept can be explained through the mixture termed "cornflour slime".

Corn starch, sometimes referred to as cornflour, is a carbohydrate extracted from the endosperm of corn.
This white powdery substance is used for many culinary, household, and industrial purposes.
Corn starch was developed in 1844 in New Jersey and is produced today in corn-growing countries including the United States, China, Brazil, and India.
In the kitchen, cornstarch is most often used as a thickening agent for marinades, sauces, gravies, glazes, soups, casseroles, pies, and other desserts.
Corn starch's found in cuisines throughout the world, with North America and Asia leading both production and use.

History
Until 1851, corn starch was used primarily for starching laundry and for other industrial uses.
A method to produce pure culinary starch from maize was patented by John Polson of Brown & Polson, in Paisley, Scotland in 1854.
Corn starch was sold as "Patented Corn Flour".

Corn starch Chemical Properties
Melting point: 256-258 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Density: 1.005 g/mL at 25 °C
Solubility: H2O: 20 mg/mL, colorless, clear to slightly turbid
Form: Liquid
Color: clear to slightly hazy
EPA Substance Registry System: Corn starch (68412-29-3)

Uses
Although mostly used for cooking and as a household item, corn starch is used for many purposes in several industries, ranging from its use as a chemical additive for certain products, to medical therapy for certain illnesses.
Amylum is an ordinary starch, that occurs in all green plants.
Corn starch is a molecule of starch, built out of a large number of a-glucose rings joined by oxygen atoms, and is a major energy source for animals.
Acid modified starch can be used as excipient.

Corn starch is prized for its thickening properties.
Corn starch is comprised of long chains of starch molecules, which when heated in the presence of moisture, will unravel and swell.
This swelling action, or gelatinization, is what causes the thickening to occur.
Corn starch is useful as an anti-caking agent.
Shredded cheese is often coated with a thin dusting of cornstarch to prevent Corn starch from clumping in the package.
Corn starch will also help absorb moisture from condensation and prevent a slimy texture from developing.
A small amount of Corn starch is often mixed with powdered sugar for the same purpose.

Culinary
Corn starch is used as a thickening agent in liquid-based foods (e.g., soup, sauces, gravies, custard), usually by mixing it with a lower-temperature liquid to form a paste or slurry.
Corn starch is sometimes preferred over flour alone because it forms a translucent, rather than opaque mixture.
As the starch is heated over 203 °F (95 °C), the molecular chains unravel, allowing them to collide with other starch chains to form a mesh, thickening the liquid (Starch gelatinization).

However, continued boiling breaks up the molecules and thins the liquid.
Corn starch is usually included as an anticaking agent in powdered sugar (icing or confectioner's sugar).
A common substitute is arrowroot starch, which replaces the same amount of corn starch.
Food producers reduce production costs by adding varying amounts of corn starch to foods, for example to cheese and yogurt.
Chicken nuggets with a thin outer layer of corn starch allows increased oil absorption and crispness after the latter stages of frying.

Non-culinary
Baby powder may include corn starch among its ingredients.
Corn starch can be used to manufacture bioplastics (like PLA used for 3D printing)[14] and may be used in the manufacture of airbags.
Adhesive can be made from corn starch, traditionally one of the adhesives that may be used to make paste papers.
Corn starch dries with a slight sheen compared to wheat starch.
Corn starch may also be used as an adhesive in book and paper conservation.

Medical
Corn starch is the preferred anti-stick agent on medical products made from natural latex, including condoms, diaphragms, and medical gloves.
Corn starch has properties enabling supply of glucose to maintain blood sugar levels for people with glycogen storage disease.
Corn starch can be used starting at age 6–12 months allowing glucose fluctuations to be deterred.

Manufacture
The corn is steeped for 30 to 48 hours, which ferments it slightly.
The germ is separated from the endosperm and those two components are ground separately (still soaked).
Next the starch is removed from each by washing.
Corn starch is separated from the corn steep liquor, the cereal germ, the fibers and the corn gluten mostly in hydrocyclones and centrifuges, and then dried.
(The residue from every stage is used in animal feed and to make corn oil or other applications.)
This process is called wet milling.
Finally, the starch may be modified for specific purposes.

Risks
Like many other powders, corn starch is susceptible to dust explosions.
Corn starch is believed that overheating of a corn starch-based powder—despite warnings on the packaging indicating that the material is flammable—initiated the Formosa Fun Coast explosion in Taiwan on 27 June 2015.

Synonyms
Starchsolution
HYDROLYSEDSTARCH
Starch solution
ACID-TREATEDSTARCH
ACID-TREATEDSTARCHES
Acid modified starch
Acidmodified,cornstarch
Wheatstarch,acidmodified
Acid modified,corn starch
Acid modified, corn starch
Wheat starch, acid modified
CORN STARCH
Corn Starch is a fine, odorless, flavorless white powder derived from the endosperm of the corn kernel.
Cornflour, cornstarch, maize starch, or corn starch (American English) is the starch derived from corn (maize) grain.
The starch is obtained from the endosperm of the kernel.


Corn starch is a common food ingredient, often used to thicken sauces or soups, and to make corn syrup and other sugars.
Corn starch is versatile, easily modified, and finds many uses in industry such as adhesives, in paper products, as an anti-sticking agent, and textile manufacturing.


Corn Starch has medical uses as well, such as to supply glucose for people with glycogen storage disease.
When mixed with a fluid, corn starch can rearrange itself into a non-Newtonian fluid.


For example, adding water transforms corn starch into a material commonly known as oobleck while adding oil transforms corn starch into an electrorheological (ER) fluid.
The concept can be explained through the mixture termed "cornflour slime".


Normal corn starch is composed of two large α-linked glucose-containing polymers, the smaller and nearly linear amylose and the very large and highly branched amylopectin.
Corn Starch is a type of starch derived from corn.


At the same time, Corn Starch type is the most common type of starch in our country and therefore known by many people.
Apart from corn starch, it is possible to mention different types of starch such as wheat, rice and potato starch.
However, Corn Starch should not be forgotten that each of these starches has different properties.


As Corn Starch is known, the usage area of each starch in the kitchen is different from the other.
In addition, starches can be used in many different recipes for various purposes such as balancing taste, thickening and binding.
Corn starch is the most produced and the most popular in the market due to its affordable price is the preferred starch.


It is an odorless, taste-neutral, white color natural corn starch obtained from corn.
Corn Starch has white-powder appearance, special taste and odor.
Corn Starch is used in food industry and produced after being processed by wet method of the corn and be separated with physical techniques.


Corn starch is derived from certified organic corn and nothing else.
Corn Starch acts as a natural binding agent with double the thickening power of flour.
Corn starch has a subtle, slightly sweet corn flavour and is a great addition to many sweet and savoury recipes.


Corn Starch, sometimes referred to as cornflour, is a carbohydrate extracted from the endosperm of corn.
Corn Starch was developed in 1844 in New Jersey and is produced today in corn-growing countries including the United States, China, Brazil, and India.
Corn Starch's found in cuisines throughout the world, with North America and Asia leading both production and use.


Because of its thickening qualities, corn starch can be used to improve the consistency of soups, sauces, desserts and more.
Corn Starch is a helpful addition to homemade vegan nut cheeses to help the cheese hold its shape.
Corn Starch is a staple of any well-stocked pantry.


If you cook even somewhat frequently, then chances are good you've encountered Corn Starch at some point in your culinary journey.
And I’d even bet that you have a box of the stuff sitting in your cupboard right now.
You probably already know a thing or two about the properties of Corn Starch.


You likely use Corn Starch as a thickener for sauces, or in batters and dredges for fried foods.
Corn Starch is a fine, odorless, flavorless white powder derived from the endosperm of the corn kernel.
Like rice grains, corn kernels consist of multiple layers: the outer protective pericarp (the “hull”), the germ, the endosperm, and the exposed tip cap, which is the point at which the kernel attaches to the cob.


The starchy flesh of the endosperm comprises around 82 percent of the kernel’s weight, and contains all of the native starch in the plant—in other words, all of the magic.
In a popped corn kernel, the endosperm is the fluffy white part that tastes so good when doused with butter and salt.


These days, Corn Starch is made by a process called wet milling.
Shelled corn is cleaned and steeped in large tanks in a warm, acidic solution of water and sulfur dioxide.
This solution softens the kernel, which makes Corn Starch easier to mill.


The water is boiled off, and the milling process loosens the hull (pericarp) and endosperm from the germ.
After passing through a series of grinders and screens, the endosperm is isolated and processed into a slurry, which contains mostly pure corn starch.
When dried, this starch is unmodified; Corn Starch can be refined even more to make modified starches intended for specific cooking applications.


Corn Starch, also called maize starch or corn flour in the U.S., is the starch found in corn grains.
Corn Starch is a fine, white powder made from the endosperm or the starchy part of corn kernels.
It's created when the hard outer shells of corn kernels are separated from the starchy endosperm and the endosperm is milled or ground to form Corn Starch.


Corn starch is a natural starch product that is derived from the corn kernel.
Corn Starch is a white to slightly yellowish fine powder commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical manufacturing industries.
Disintegrants enable tablets and capsules to break down into smaller fragments (dissolve) so that the drug can be released for absorption.
Corn starch is on the generally recognized as safe food substances list published by by the FDA.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CORN STARCH:
Although mostly used for cooking and as a household item, corn starch is used for many purposes in several industries, ranging from its use as a chemical additive for certain products, to medical therapy for certain illnesses.
Many starches are made from grains—rice, tapioca, arrowroot, potatoes, and wheat—but Corn Starch is the most commonly used among them.


Primarily used as a thickening agent, Corn Starch is a gluten-free starch derived from the endosperm of the corn kernel, which gives the plant its energy.
Corn Starch is used Milky Deserts , Sauces , Cream Power & Cream Filling , Baklava Sorbet , Biscuits and Flour Products , Turkish Delight , Puddings and Instant Soups , Paper , Corrugated Board , Bobbin , Laminated Cardboard , Envelope , Paper Bag Glue , Brace , Sheetrock , Casting


Usage Areas of Corn Starch: Ketchup, mayonnaise, sausage, soup, pudding, Turkish delight, baklava, textile and cardboard industry.
Corn Starch, substance produced through wet milling of corn (Zea mays).
Wet milling separates the components of corn kernels, which consist primarily of protein, fibre, starch, and oil.


Once separated, the starch is dried, forming a white powder called Corn Starch.
Corn Starch is high in carbohydrates but lacking in vitamins, protein, fibre, and minerals, making it one of the least nutritionally dense components of corn.


Corn Starch absorbs moisture, however, making it useful as a thickener and anticaking agent in food products.
Corn Starch is used in certain oral medications, where it facilitates the disintegration of capsules and tablets.
Corn Starch may be used as a substitute for wheat flour in gluten-free foods and as a substitute for baby powder.


Corn Starch is used for making instant, soups, puddings, dairy dessert, Turkish delight, baklava, bakery products, biscuit, dough-based dessert,
sauce, custard powder and meat products.
Other applications of Corn Starch are, for example, in the production of paper, acrylic paint products, and adhesives.


Corn Starch is prized for its thickening properties.
Corn Starch is comprised of long chains of starch molecules, which when heated in the presence of moisture, will unravel and swell.
This swelling action, or gelatinization, is what causes the thickening to occur.


This white powdery substance, Corn Starch, is used for many culinary, household, and industrial purposes.
In the kitchen, Corn Starch is most often used as a thickening agent for marinades, sauces, gravies, glazes, soups, casseroles, pies, and other desserts.
You can also use Corn Starch to coat the fruit in pies, tarts, and other desserts before baking.


The thin layer of Corn Starch mixes with the fruit juices and then thickens as it bakes.
This prevents pies and other desserts from having a watery or runny texture.
Corn Starch is useful as an anti-caking agent.


Shredded cheese is often coated with a thin dusting of Corn Starch to prevent it from clumping in the package.
The Corn Starch will also help absorb moisture from condensation and prevent a slimy texture from developing.
A small amount of Corn Starch is often mixed with powdered sugar for the same purpose.
In the pharmaceutical industry Corn Starch is used as a disintegrant and binder.


-Other Corn Starch uses include the production of:
*Antibiotics and drugs
*Cosmetics, soaps, and cleaners
*Confectionery and baked products
*Baby food
*Frozen meals
*Salad dressings and soup mixes
*Flours, premixes, baking powder, and powdered sugar
*Packaged or canned food and beverages


-Culinary uses of Corn starch:
Corn starch is used as a thickening agent in liquid-based foods (e.g., soup, sauces, gravies, custard), usually by mixing it with a lower-temperature liquid to form a paste or slurry.

Corn Starch is sometimes preferred over flour alone because it forms a translucent, rather than opaque mixture.
As Corn Starch is heated over 203 °F (95 °C), the molecular chains unravel, allowing them to collide with other starch chains to form a mesh, thickening the liquid (Starch gelatinization).

However, continued boiling breaks up the molecules and thins the liquid.
Corn starch is usually included as an anticaking agent in powdered sugar (icing or confectioner's sugar).
A common substitute is arrowroot starch, which replaces the same amount of corn starch.

Food producers reduce production costs by adding varying amounts of corn starch to foods, for example to cheese and yogurt.
Chicken nuggets with a thin outer layer of corn starch allows increased oil absorption and crispness after the latter stages of frying.


-Non-culinary uses of Corn starch:
Baby powder may include corn starch among its ingredients.
Corn starch can be used to manufacture bioplastics (like PLA used for 3D printing) and may be used in the manufacture of airbags.

Adhesive can be made from corn starch, traditionally one of the adhesives that may be used to make paste papers.
Corn Starch dries with a slight sheen compared to wheat starch.
Corn Starch may also be used as an adhesive in book and paper conservation.


-Medical uses of Corn starch:
Corn starch is the preferred anti-stick agent on medical products made from natural latex, including condoms, diaphragms, and medical gloves.
Corn starch has properties enabling supply of glucose to maintain blood sugar levels for people with glycogen storage disease.
Corn starch can be used starting at age 6–12 months allowing glucose fluctuations to be deterred.


-Cooking With Corn Starch:
Corn Starch helps thicken the liquid ingredients in sauces, stews, stir-fries, custards, puddings, and pastry creams.
Corn Starch's also commonly used in fruit pies to help hot juices set and make the baked pie easier to slice once it has cooled.
In order for its thickening properties to be activated, Corn Starch has to be heated to the temperature of simmering liquid.
In the case of baking a fruit pie, that means once you see the thickened fruit juices bubbling up from the steam vents in the top crust.


-Thickening Soups, Sauces, or Stir Fries:
When used to thicken a soup or stir-fry, Corn Starch should not be added to the hot liquid directly.
Corn Starch's best to make a slurry first, which will prevent the starch from clumping when it hits the hot liquid.


-To make a Corn Starch slurry:
Simply combine the starch with cold or room temperature water (or another liquid, like broth or milk) and whisk until smooth before adding to the hot liquid.


-Fried Chicken and Other Fried and Roasted Foods:
If you like to fry chicken, you'll want to combine Corn Starch with flour and seasonings to make the world's very best coating for it.
The cooks in our test kitchen swear that Corn Starch also holds the secret to their all-time favorite chicken wings, the crispiest, crunchiest onion rings, and the most irresistible roast potatoes.


-Desserts:
Beyond puddings and fruit pies, Corn Starch is worth keeping close at hand for other desserts.
It's sometimes used as a gluten-free replacement for flour as in our Gluten-Free Fudgy Pecan Brownies and the delightfully tender Australian cookies aptly known as melting moments.


-Laundry uses of Corn Starch:
Just as it was used nearly 200 years ago, Corn Starch can help keep laundry looking its best.
Use Corn Starch to get oily stains out of clothing (after frying all that chicken, maybe?) or to starch your shirts when they are pressed.



WHAT IS CORN STARCH USED FOR?
While Corn Starch is possible to talk about many different types of starch, mixing these starches with each other or using them interchangeably can often cause confusion.
In fact, starches made of different substances have different properties and are therefore used for different purposes.

Corn starch is used in savory and sweet recipes.
This starch type can be used in savory pastry recipes or during the preparation of various food sauces.
Using Corn Starch, you can bind various sauces for your meals or make delicious cookies that melt in your mouth.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORN FLOUR AND CORN STARCH?
Corn flour and Corn Starch are both made from corn, but this doesn’t mean they can be used interchangeably in cooking and baking.
Corn Starch and corn flour both come from corn but differ in their nutrient profiles, flavors, and uses.
In the United States, corn flour refers to finely ground powder from whole corn kernels.

Meanwhile, Corn Starch is a fine powder as well, but made only from the starchy part of corn.
Due to their distinct nutritional contents and processing methods, they have different culinary uses.
What’s more, in some parts of the world, the names for each vary.



WHY IS CORN STARCH SUCH A POPULAR THICKENING AGENT?
Though most home cooks likely have all-purpose flour on hand, Corn Starch is twice as powerful as flour when used as a thickener.



HISTORY OF CORN STARCH:
When it was invented in New Jersey in the mid-19th century by Thomas Kingsford, Corn Starch was used chiefly as a laundry aid and in other commercial applications.
Eventually, Corn Starch made its way into the kitchen.



CORN STARCH VS. CORN FLOUR:
What's known in the United States as Corn Starch is called corn flour in the U.K.
In the U.S., however, corn flour is made from the whole grain of corn—the endosperm as well as the bran and the germ.



ARE CORN STARCH AND WHEAT STARCH THE SAME?
Although it is wondered and confused by many, it can be said that wheat starch and corn starch are not the same.
The usage areas of the two starches are different from each other.
Corn Starch is a type of starch used in savory and sweet recipes.



THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORN STARCH AND CORN FLOUR:
Both ‘Corn Starch’ and ‘corn flour’ are terms commonly used in the US.
Corn Starch is obtained by extracting the starch from corn grain, specifically from the endosperm of the kernel.

Corn Starch is almost 100% starch, without any fibre, protein, fat or other components.
Corn Starch’s a very very fine white powder that’s chalky in appearance and that ’squeaks’ when you rub it between your fingers.
Corn Starch is often used as a thickening agent to thicken sauces and custards, like for example vanilla pastry cream.

Corn flour is obtained by grinding entire dried corn kernels into a fine powder.
It’s basically very finely ground corn meal.

In addition to the starch, it also contains fibre, protein and a small amount of fat.
There are two types of corn flour: the more common yellow corn flour that’s made from yellow corn, and white corn flour made from white corn kernels.
You can technically use the two varieties interchangeably, but whenever I mention ‘corn flour’ in my recipes, I’m referring to yellow corn flour.



CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN STARCH:
*White native and odorless corn starch
*Provides easy rolling of pastry and baklava dough and prevents tear in the dough
*Increases brightness of final products
*Prevents cracking on the surface of pudding
*Has a high performance in different temperature



USEAGE FIELDS OF CORN STARCH:
-Instant soup, pudding varieties, turkish delight, flour products, paper, glue industry,
-Textile industry, leather and construction sectors.



ADVANTAGES OF CORN STARCH:
• Produces homogeneous products
• Increases crustiness
• Used as a multi-purpose filler in sweets



PROCESSING OF CORN STARCH:
Both corn flour and Corn Starch are made from corn.
Corn flour is the result of grinding entire corn kernels into a fine powder.
Therefore, it contains protein, fiber, starch, and the vitamins and minerals found in whole corn.
It’s typically yellow).

On the other hand, Corn Starch is more refined and made by removing the protein and fiber of the corn kernel, leaving only the starchy center called the endosperm.
This is then processed into a white powder

In addition to providing more fiber and protein, corn flour contains B vitamins, iron, potassium, magnesium, and several other nutrients.
Corn Starch offers no B vitamins and much smaller amounts of other nutrients, compared with corn flour.

SUMMARY
Corn flour is made by finely grinding whole corn kernels, whereas Corn Starch is made just from the starchy part of corn.
As a result, corn flour contains protein, fiber, starch, vitamins, and minerals, whereas Corn Starch is mostly carbs.


FLAVOR DIFFERENCES OF CORN STARCH:
Similarly to corn, corn flour tastes earthy and sweet.
Corn Starch can be used in addition to or in place of wheat flour in breads, pancakes, waffles, and pastries to add a corn-like taste.
Corn flour is sometimes confused with cornmeal, which in the United States refers to a more coarsely ground flour that’s also made from corn kernels.

Cornmeal has a more distinct corn taste compared with corn flour.
In contrast, Corn Starch is mostly flavorless, and thus adds texture rather than taste.
Corn Starch’s a bland powder that’s usually used to thicken dishes.

SUMMARY
Corn flour has an earthy, sweet taste similar to whole corn, whereas Corn Starch is flavorless.



MANUFACTURE OF CORN STARCH:
The corn is steeped for 30 to 48 hours, which ferments it slightly.
The germ is separated from the endosperm and those two components are ground separately (still soaked).
Next the starch is removed from each by washing.

The starch is separated from the corn steep liquor, the cereal germ, the fibers and the corn gluten mostly in hydrocyclones and centrifuges, and then dried.
(The residue from every stage is used in animal feed and to make corn oil or other applications.)
This process is called wet milling.
Finally, the starch may be modified for specific purposes.



NAMES AND VARIETIES OF CORN STARCH:
Called corn starch in the United States and Canada.
The term corn flour refers to cornmeal that is very finely milled; or, after wet processing with alkali, further grinding then drying, masa flour.
It is called cornflour in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Israel and some Commonwealth countries.
Distinct in these countries from cornmeal.



HISTORY OF CORN STARCH:
Until 1851, corn starch was used primarily for starching laundry and for other industrial uses.
A method to produce pure culinary starch from maize was patented by John Polson of Brown & Polson, in Paisley, Scotland in 1854.
This was sold as "Patented Corn Flour".
Brown & Polson were muslin manufacturers who had been producing laundry starch for the Paisley shawl industry and would become the largest starch producers in the UK.



SUBSTITUTIONS FOR CORN STARCH:
Using Corn Starch in place of flour as a thickener in any recipe is an easy swap: If a recipe calls for 2 tablespoons of flour, you need 1 tablespoon of Corn Starch.



OTHER SWAPS, CORN STARCH:
The thickening properties of Corn Starch are comparable to arrowroot and tapioca.
Either can can be used interchangeably with Corn Starch, without any adjustment to the amount.
And Corn Starch can be used in place of arrowroot or tapioca starch as a one-for-one swap.



WHAT TO USE IF YOU DO NOT HAVE CORN STARCH:
Storing Corn Starch
Despite any date you might see on the package, Corn Starch shouldn't go bad or lose its power.
As long as you keep Corn Starch in a cool, dry place, free from moisture, it should last indefinitely on your shelf—that is, if you don't use it up quickly.



PREPARATION OF CORN STARCH:
Corn Starch is used in making desserts such as custard, rice pudding, cauldron and baklava, cakes, pastries and cookies.
Corn Starch is used for thickening tomato paste and preparing garnish.



ALLERGES OF CORN STARCH:
Corn Starch does not contain any ingredients that may cause allergic reactions or intolerance and that are legally required to be labelled.



19 HOUSEHOLD USES FOR CORN STARCH:
Corn Starch is a common ingredient made from the starchy portion of corn kernels known as the endosperm.
Corn Starch’s used as a thickening agent for gravies, marinades, sauces, soups, and casseroles.

Though most people think Corn Starch is reserved for cooking, it’s quite useful outside the kitchen.
Just keep in mind that many of these uses aren’t backed by scientific studies.
Here are 19 household uses for Corn Starch.


1. Skin relief:
Corn Starch may be a convenient and cost-effective remedy for skin irritation, though little research supports its efficacy for this use.
All the same, many people use Corn Starch to soothe sunburns and reduce skin itchiness.
Mix Corn Starch and a few drops of water in a bowl until it forms a paste the thickness of peanut butter.

Apply a small layer to your skin and allow it to sit until Corn Starch dries completely.
Then, rinse Corn Starch off with warm water.
Some people also sprinkle Corn Starch on their sheets or the inside of clothing to reduce friction.


2. Deodorant:
If you’re out of deodorant or want a DIY alternative, try Corn Starch.
Thanks to Corn Starch's moisture-absorbing properties, it acts as a natural deodorant to decrease sweat and odor.

To make your own Corn Starch deodorant, you’ll need:
3 tablespoons (45 mL) of coconut oil
2 tablespoons (16 grams) of Corn Starch

2 tablespoons (28 grams) of baking soda
Microwave the coconut oil for 15–20 seconds or until it liquified.
Then, slowly add the Corn Starch and baking soda until it forms a thick paste.

You can also add a drop of your favorite essential oil to give it a pleasant smell.
Keep in mind that some people find baking soda irritates their underarms, so it may not be suitable for everyone.
Furthermore, if you experience excessive sweating, or hyperhidrosis, you may need a stronger commercial antiperspirant.


3. Dry shampoo:
You can use Corn Starch as a natural dry shampoo.
Sprinkle a small amount onto the roots of your hair and gently brush it through to the ends.
For easy application, use a clean makeup brush to transfer it to your roots.
Since Corn Starch is light in color, this technique may not work for those with dark hair.


4. Matte nail polish:
To create a matte nail polish, put a few drops of nail polish on a plate and sprinkle a small amount of Corn Starch on top.
Start slowly, adding more as needed.
Then mix Corn Starch with a paintbrush and apply it to your nails.


5. Relaxing milk bath:
Milk baths have historically been used to soothe skin while creating a luxurious bathing experience.
Interestingly, one of the secret ingredients in many milk baths is Corn Starch.

Though no research supports any benefits from taking milk baths with Corn Starch, some people find that it works for them.
In a bag, add 1 cup (128 grams) of Corn Starch, 2 cups (256 grams) of powdered whole milk, and 1/2 cup (115 grams) of baking soda.
Seal and shake well.

Finally, add a few drops of lavender essential oil — or another essential oil — for a relaxing aroma and shake again.
At bath time, add 1 cup (128 grams) of the mixture to your warm bath and enjoy.


6. Athlete’s foot preventative:
Athlete’s foot occurs when your feet are regularly exposed to moisture, such as sweat, which allows fungi like Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum to grow.

Though Corn Starch cannot treat or cure athlete’s foot, it may help prevent it.
Simply sprinkle Corn Starch in your shoes to reduce moisture or add it to your socks for additional moisture-wicking action.
If you regularly experience athlete’s foot, ask your healthcare provider for suitable treatments like topical antifungal medication.


7. Chafing solution:
Corn Starch can help reduce friction between two surfaces.
As a result, Corn Starch may help reduce chafing.
Rub a small amount of Corn Starch to the irritated area, such as between your thighs, before you get dressed.


8. Detangling agent for hair knots:
If you have a large knot in your hair, try applying Corn Starch to the area.
Corn Starch may reduce friction and lubricate hair fibers, which may make detangling knots easier.


9. Bug bite relief:
Bug bites, which are itchy and irritating, become even worse when your skin is damp.
Corn Starch may help dry the skin around a bug bite to keep it from itching.
Mix 2 tablespoons (16 grams) of Corn Starch with a few drops of cold water until it creates a paste the thickness of peanut butter.
Apply Corn Starch to the bite and let it sit until dry.


10. Blister relief:
Blisters worsen in moist environments or when rubbing against another surface, such as shoes or clothing.
Add a small amount of Corn Starch to the blister to reduce friction and keep the area dry.
However, don’t apply Corn Starch to an open blister or wound, as this can lead to infection.


11–19. Other uses:
*Untie knots:
Corn Starch may reduce friction between fibers, shoelaces, and ropes to help you untie knots.

*Polish silverware:
Mix Corn Starch and water in a small bowl.
Using a damp cloth, rub the mixture onto silverware to reveal Corn Starch's natural shine.
Be sure to rinse the silverware afterward.

*Starch for ironing:
If you’re looking for a natural starch to iron your clothes, add 2 cups (475 mL) of warm water and 1–2 tablespoons (8–16 grams) of Corn Starch to a spray bottle.
Spray Corn Starch on and let it sit for 1 minute before ironing.

*Increase grip:
If you need extra grip for holding a tennis racquet or other sports equipment, add a bit of Corn Starch to your hands to counter sweaty palms and improve your grip.

*Stain remover:
To remove an oily stain, sprinkle Corn Starch over the stain and leave it for 10–15 minutes.
Wipe Corn Starch away, then treat the stain with a stain remover.

*Freshen carpet:
Sprinkle Corn Starch on your carpet and allow it to sit for 30 minutes.
Then, vacuum as normal.

*Clean stuffed animals and fabrics:
Rub a small amount of Corn Starch onto the stuffed animal or fabric and let it sit for 5 minutes.
Gently remove Corn Starch with a damp cloth.

*Remove grease spatter from walls:
Add Corn Starch to a small cloth and rub the grease gently until it comes off.

*Give your pet a dry bath:
If your pet is a few days from bath time, brush a small amount of Corn Starch into its fur.
Corn Starch can act as a dry shampoo and soak up smelly oils.



WHEN NOT TO USE CORN STARCH:
Although some natural health websites claim that you can use Corn Starch to treat cuts and wounds, it’s best to avoid applying it to any open area.
That’s because Corn Starch may act as a feeding ground for bacteria and infect the wound.
Furthermore, don’t apply Corn Starch to your face as a natural makeup or oil remover.
Though this is likely fine for most people, Corn Starch may clog pores and lead to breakouts in those with acne-prone skin.



THE BOTTOM LINE, CORN STARCH:
Corn Starch is a versatile ingredient known for its thickening and moisture-wicking properties.
Corn Starch has many household uses, such as soothing irritated skin, detangling knots, acting as a natural deodorant, and treating stains.
Next time you run out of that necessary household item, give Corn Starch a try.
Still, you shouldn’t apply Corn Starch to open wounds or use it on your face.



CORN STARCH VS. FLOUR:
Flour is typically made from wheat. Corn Starch is made from corn and only contains carbohydrates (no protein), so it is a gluten-free product.
For this reason, Corn Starch is an excellent gluten-free alternative to flour thickeners in gravy and sauce recipes.

Corn Starchoften preferred over flour as a thickener because the resulting gel is transparent, rather than opaque.
Corn Starch is also relatively flavorless in comparison and provides roughly two times the thickening power.
Flour and Corn Starch can be used interchangeably for fried food batters.

The two may be used together in baked goods such as cakes because the Corn Starch will soften the flour to create the perfect texture and crumb.
You would not, however, simply substitute the same amount of Corn Starch as flour in recipes that rely on a large amount of flour.
In gluten-free recipes, Corn Starch is often paired with non-wheat flours.

Confusingly, in the U.K., Corn Starch is often called cornflour (most often one word).
This is different than corn flour (often two words) as used in the Southern U.S., which refers to finely ground cornmeal.



HOW TO COOK WITH CORN STARCH:
Corn Starch should not be added straight into a hot liquid as this can cause it to form lumps.
Instead, mix Corn Starch into a room temperature or slightly cool liquid to form a slurry, and then stir it into the hot liquid.
This will allow for even distribution of the Corn Starch molecules before they have a chance to swell and gelatinize.

Mixtures containing Corn Starch should be brought to a full boil before cooling.
The mixture may appear thickened after slight heating, but if Corn Starch molecules are not fully gelatinized, they will release the moisture once cooled and become thin.

Sauces and other mixtures thickened with Corn Starch should not be frozen.
Freezing will break down the gelatinized starch matrix, and the mixture will become thin after thawing.



SUBSTITUTE OF CORN STARCH:
You can use a variety of things as a Corn Starch substitute.
Flour is a good all-purpose substitute for sauces; you will just need to use twice the amount.

Arrowroot is an equal substitute, as is potato starch, though with this one you will need to whisk it more to prevent clumping.
Tapioca starch (or flour) is an excellent substitute; use 2 tablespoons for 1 tablespoon of Corn Starch.
Rice flour is another option and you'll need to use 3 tablespoons for every tablespoon of Corn Starch.



STORAGE OF CORN STARCH:
Corn Starch is designed to absorb moisture, so it is critical to keep it in an airtight container where it will not be exposed to ambient humidity.
Keep Corn Starch away from extreme heat.
A cool, dry place, such as a pantry, is best.
When stored properly, Corn Starch will last indefinitely.



12 SUPRRISING WAYS TO USE CORN STARCH:
Corn Starch has a place in every kitchen cabinet.
Corn Starch is often used as a thickening agent in stir-fries, soups, sauces, and more.
But turns out this humble ingredient, Corn Starch, does far more than just that.
Learn all about Corn Starch and its many uses that can go even beyond the kitchen.



WHAT IS CORN STARCH?
Not to be confused with corn flour, which is made from whole kernels, Corn Starch is made from the endosperm found at the center of the corn kernel.
The starches inside the endosperm are removed, rinsed, dried, and milled into a fine powder.
This leaves us with Corn Starch — a white, chalky powder that has a variety of uses in the kitchen.
Corn Starch is most commonly used as a thickener for sauces and stews.



WHAT IS CORN STARCH USED FOR?
Corn Starch is primarily used as a thickening agent.
Corn Starch's made up of a long chain of starch molecules that will unravel and swell when heated in the presence of moisture.
This swelling, or gelatinization, is what causes thickening.
While thickening soups, stews, sauces, or custards, is what Corn Starch is famous for, there's a lot more you can do with this kitchen pantry staple.



WHAT CAN I USE INSTEAD OF CORN STARCH?
If you ran out of Corn Starch (it happens), don't worry about your sauces and stews.
You can still thicken them by substituting a few other pantry staples:

*All-Purpose Flour:
This flour contains about half the thickening power of Corn Starch, so for every tablespoon of Corn Starch required, you'll need to use two tablespoons all-purpose flour.

*Rice Flour:
Like all-purpose flour, rice flour also has half the thickening power of Corn Starch, so you're going to want to measure accordingly.

*Arrowroot Powder:
If you happen to have this starch on hand, you're in luck: it has the same thickening power as Corn Starch.
But one caveat about arrowroot — Corn Starch doesn't hold or reheat well.

*Potato Starch:
Like arrowroot, Corn Starch has strong thickening powder, but it doesn't last long after cooking.

*Tapioca Starch:
Tapioca is extracted from cassava, a root vegetable found throughout South America.
It doesn't have quite the thickening power of Corn Starch, so for every tablespoon of Corn Starch required, you'll need to use two tablespoons tapioca starch.



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CORN STARCH, CORN FLOUR, CORNFLOUR AND MAIZE FLOUR APART:
When it comes to gluten-free baking, Corn Starch and corn flour are very important ingredients and are usually featured in many recipes.
Their importance can’t be overstated, but because of how similar they sound, it is hard to tell the difference between Corn Starch, corn flour, maize flour, and cornflour.
In this short brief, we go over the different corn products and what sets them apart.


*Corn Starch:
The Corn Starch term and corn flour term are what you can easily hear being used in the US.
Corn Starch is obtained from the extraction of starch from corn grains, especially the endosperm of the kernel.

Corn Starch is 100% starch and lacks any other components, including fibers and proteins.
Corn Starch is a white powder with a very fine texture and a chalky appearance.
Corn Starch is so fine that it almost squeaks when you rub it between your fingers, and it is usually used as a thickening agent in sauces and custards.


*Corn Flour:
Corn flour can be derived from grinding whole dried corn kernels into fine powder.
Some call it very finely grounded cornmeal, and unlike corn starch, it is made up of several other components, including fiber, protein, and a bit of fat.
There are two common types of it that are often used interchangeably.


*Cornflour:
This is where many people get confused.
In the UK, Corn Starch also means cornflour.
Corn Starch is pure starch processed from corn kernels and looks like fine white powder.
When talking about Corn Starch, “cornflour” should be written as a single word.


*Maize flour:
This is the equivalent of corn flour in the US which is basically yellow flour obtained from grinding dried whole corn kernels.
The reason for the disparity in the terms is purely because in the US, corn is usually used instead of maize, and the opposite is true in the UK.

Overall, corn flour, cornflour, maize flour, and Corn Starch are all important ingredients when it comes to gluten-free baking.
Corn Starch and cornflour mean the same thing and only have different terms depending on where you are.
Corn flour and maize flour also mean the same thing and what they are called largely depends on where you are.



12 WAYS TO USE CORN STARCH:
While you know Corn Starch as a thickening agent, this versatile kitchen helper goes even beyond the kitchen.
Between a little crowd-sourcing here in the office and a little online research, I found some pretty unique uses for Corn Starch.
We reached out to members of the Allrecipes team, as well as some members of our sister brands for their best uses for Corn Starch.
Read on for 12 ways to use Corn Starch — some expected and some not so expected.


1. Egg Substitute in Baked Goods:
Corn Starch is key in vegan baking, or anytime you don't have an egg on hand: I add it to my baked goods in place of egg.
Mix 1 tablespoon Corn Starch with 3 tablespoons of warm water and you have a great egg substitute in cookies, cakes, or breads.


2. Make Fluffy Omelets:
For fluffy omelets every time, mix a pinch of Corn Starch with an egg, beat, and cook the omelet.


3. Make Crispy Waffles:
A friend adds Corn Starch to her waffle mix to cheat getting a really crispy waffle crust.
Three cheers for no more soggy waffles!


4. Mix With All-Purpose Flour When You Don't Have Cake Flour:
No cake flour?
No problem.
Allrecipes Recipe Manager Laura Fakhry suggests mixing Corn Starch with a bit of all-purpose flour and baking powder to create this cake flour substitute when you're in a pinch.


5. Thicken Sauces:
Okay, this one goes without saying.
To thicken sauces and other liquids, mix a bit of Corn Starch with cold broth or water in a small bowl to create what's called a "slurry."
Then whisk the slurry into the liquid you want to thicken as Corn Starch simmers.


6. Thicken Fruit Pie Fillings:
What's the secret to a thick, almost gel-like pie filling?
Corn Starch, of course. As the fruit cooks in pie, it releases juices.
Without a little Corn Starch, your pie would turn into a soupy mess.
To avoid clumps, mix Corn Starch with sugar before adding it to your filling.


7. Untie Knots:
Corn Starch will reduce friction between the fibers on a rope or shoelace, allowing you to untie even the tightest knot.
Simply sprinkle a bit on the knot and rub Corn Starch in.


8. Make Crispy Gluten-Free Fried Coatings:
I use Corn Starch to 'bread' chicken, shrimp, or tofu to get it crispy instead of flour or breadcrumbs.
Get a gluten-free crispy coating on your meats and veggies just like that of your favorite take-out.


9. Remove Grease Splatters From Walls:
Any well-loved kitchen is bound to have a little wear and tear.
Remove pesky grease splatters from your walls or kitchen backsplash by sprinkling a bit of Corn Starch on a soft cloth and rubbing away the grease spot.


10. Dust the Counter for Rolling out Fondant:
The great thing about Corn Starch is it is virtually flavorless and colorless, so it won't alter your fondant.


11. DIY Silver Polish:
Return the sparkle and shine to your silverware without buying polish. Simply make a paste using Corn Starch and water, and use a damp cloth to apply it to your silverware.
Once the paste dries, rub Corn Starch with a soft cloth.
The Corn Starch will buff away the dullness without being too abrasive.


12. Make Homemade Slime:
A bit of Corn Starch, water, and glitter or food coloring, makes a simple craft that kids will love.
This "slime" can be stored in a plastic bag or airtight container for later use.
Now you can keep the little ones entertained using a few pantry staples.



A RELATIVELY RECENT DISCOVERY,CORN STARCH:
Humans have been using starch in both cooking and non-cooking applications for thousands of years, dating as far back as predynastic Egypt.
But Corn Starch didn’t come to prominence until the 1840s, when Thomas Kingsford isolated Corn Starch from corn kernels by using an existing process for extracting wheat starch.
Kingsford’s method involved soaking the kernels in an alkaline solution, then grinding them—the beginnings of what would become modern wet milling.

At the time, Kingsford intended the product for use as laundry starch: The practice of starching clothes added a soft but crisp texture to fabrics and improved their resistance to being soiled.
It wasn’t until the 1850s that Corn Starch became the useful food additive it is today.



THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORN STARCH, CORN MEAL, AND CORN FLOUR:
While we touched on this earlier, it’s important to distinguish the various granulated corn products you can find at the store.
Here’s a broad breakdown:

Corn Starch is flavorless and odorless, and is used mostly to alter the texture of foods.
Corn Starch's almost pure starch.

Corn flour is a fine, ground powder made from dried whole corn kernels.
Corn Starch has an earthy, sweet taste.
Corn Starch contains parts of the outer hull as well as the germ and endosperm.
Corn Starch’s commonly used in baking and fried applications.

Corn meal is essentially the same as corn flour, but ground more coarsely.
Corn Starch imparts a more gritty texture to baked and fried goods.
It’s often a key ingredient in cornbread and Johnnycakes.



HOW DOES CORN STARCH WORK ITS MAGIC?
Corn Starch is a starch, which means it's is a collection of semi-crystalline granules of starch molecules called polysaccharides.
Those molecules are amylose and amylopectin, and they exist in different proportions depending on the starch source.
The key to nearly all of Corn Starch’s functional properties is gelatinization—the breaking down of starch molecules with heat and water, allowing those molecules to bond with more water.

As you hydrate and heat Corn Starch, the starch granules swell and soften, and they lose their hard, crystalline structure.
Eventually, those granules burst; amylopectin leaches out into the surrounding water, and the mixture thickens.
If that same mixture is cooled, the mixture generally becomes thicker.

In general, the relative proportion of amylose dictates how strong the gel will be; the higher the proportion of amylose, the higher the gel strength.
Corn Starch has a relatively higher proportion of amylose (around 25%) compared to other starches like tapioca flour (18%), and that increased gel strength is one the reasons it is so useful in cooking.



WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH CORN STARCH?
Concentrated starch additives like Corn Starch are important primarily for improving the texture of foods.
Here are some ways we can use Corn Starch; some may be obvious, some may be new to you.

Thickening:
At room temperature, if you mix Corn Starch with water, you'll create a milky liquid that, over time, will gradually separate into two distinct phases, with most of the Corn Starch settling to the bottom and a slightly translucent liquid settling on top.

This is because Corn Starch at that temperature isn't all that soluble in water; mixing it into liquid will create a suspension, where the particles of starch are dispersed in the liquid but not dissolved.

This is why when recipes call for using a mixture of water and Corn Starch to thicken a sauce, they will tell you to mix the combination thoroughly just before adding it to what you're cooking, as mixing produces a uniform suspension of the starch in the liquid.

But if you apply heat to the mixture, the Corn Starch dissolves and forms a semi-clear gel.
Compared to flour, Corn Starch thickens a mixture faster and has a cleaner flavor; it also produces a clearer gel.

That mild flavor and clear appearance makes Corn Starch a great thickener for dessert glazes, fruit sauces, puddings, soups, stews, and any instance in which you might want a slightly glossier appearance and cleaner flavor than flour alone could provide.



PROPERTIES OF CORN STARCH:
However, Corn Starch's gelling properties aren't infallible.
Under certain conditions, a Corn Starch gel is suboptimal, and sometimes undesirable.


*Heat Stability: Corn Starch begins to gelatinize in water around 144–162°F (62–72°C), and fully gelatinizes around 203°F (95°C).
But you also may have heard that you shouldn’t boil Corn Starch for too long, since the sauce will begin to thin.
Why?

Prolonged, excessive heat can degrade those swollen starch molecules, and eventually decrease the potential thickening power, which leads to a thinner sauce than you’d expect.
For this reason, it’s wise to add Corn Starch toward the end of cooking—as is customary in many Chinese stir-fry dishes.


*pH Tolerance:
Acids tend to inhibit the thickening power of Corn Starch.
Much like heat, certain acids like acetic acid (vinegar) or citric acid (lemon juice) can severely hamstring the efficacy of Corn Starch: in combination with heat, at sufficient concentrations these acids can break starch molecules down into component sugars.

Interestingly, according to this study, adding a small amount of acid (keeping the pH between 3.6 and 5.5) increases the viscosity of the mixture.
Finally, if you’re keen on adding acidity to a Corn Starch-thickened sauce, consider adding the acid after the mixture has cooled.
Researchers found no decrease in viscosity if acid was added to a gelatinized mixture after it had cooled to room temperature.


*Retrogradation and Syneresis:
Cooling gels made with Corn Starch can present a few problems.
When gel made from Corn Starch cools, its properties change: it gets thicker and turns very slightly opaque as the starch granules reassociate in a process known as retrogradation.

In some extreme cases, and if left in the fridge (or freezer) for long enough, thickened mixtures of Corn Starch may break or split and form a watery layer.
This ‘weeping’ is known as syneresis, and occurs frequently with Corn Starch as the starch and protein molecules contract, forcing water out of the swollen granules.

The main takeaway for most home cooks is that Corn Starch isn’t the best option for foods that will require long-term storage in cold temperatures.
You’re better off thickening that huge batch of beef stew with a standard flour roux or some alternative starch like potato starch or arrowroot starch.


*Improving Stability of Fat-Water Emulsions:
Here’s another useful trick:
Starches can help to stabilize fat-in-water emulsions.
We see this process occur in pasta dishes that utilize starchy pasta water: the excess starch in the water acts as a thickener and improves the emulsion, producing a smooth, glossy sauce.

Béchamel sauce is another prime example; the flour disperses the fat and facilitates a smooth emulsion of butter in milk.
The same principle applies to Corn Starch, but the effect can be even more dramatic.
Remember that compared to wheat flour, Corn Starch is almost pure starch, so its capacity to thicken, as well as its capacity to disperse fat droplets and keep them from coalescing, is greater than that of flour.

This study also suggests that the smaller the granule size, the better the stabilizing potential of a starch in an emulsion.
Corn Starch has a smaller granule size (20 microns) than wheat starch (25 microns), which suggests that it is a slightly better choice.



WHAT DOES CORN STARCH DO?
Corn Starch is a versatile ingredient used in many different industries, but it's most commonly used in cooking and baking.
In baking, Corn Starch is a thickening agent used to improve the consistency of foods.

If you add Corn Starch to water or any liquid, its molecules absorb the liquid and swell up.
Corn Starch then combines with the surrounding liquid and turns into a paste.
This paste is added to food to thicken sauces, gravies, soups, fillings, puddings, marinades, and more.
You can also use Corn Starch to make a batter or coating to cook meat and vegetables.

Corn Starch is a great binding agent, which is why it is used in the adhesive, paper, and textile manufacturing industries.
Uncooked Corn Starch is also used as a form of glucose to treat glycogen storage disease, which occurs when your body has trouble storing sugar.



WHAT ARE SOME CORN STARCH ALTERNATIVES?
Corn Starch is an ingredient you can find in many of your favorite dishes.
But if you’re allergic to Corn Starch, healthy alternatives are available.
Here are some Corn Starch alternatives to cook and bake with:

*Arrowroot flour or starch:
Arrowroot is a gluten-free flour or starch made from the tuber or rootstock of tropical plants like Maranta arundinacea.
The tuber is processed to make a powder or flour.

It is flavorless and can be used to thicken all types of food.
Add twice the amount of arrowroot to your food if you’re substituting it for Corn Starch.
For example, if a recipe calls for one tablespoon of Corn Starch, you'll use two tablespoons of arrowroot powder.

Arrowroot is often used for pie fillings and desserts as Corn Starch goes well with acidic fruits.
Corn Starch's also ideal because you don’t have to cook it to thicken the food or remove the raw, starchy taste.
When cooking sauces or gravies with arrowroot, remember that you should eat them immediately after serving as they don’t last long or reheat well.


*Flaxseed gel:
Flaxseed gel is a healthy and gluten-free alternative to Corn Starch.
You can make it by mixing ground flaxseeds or flaxseed powder with water.

This forms a gelatinous substance, which can thicken food in place of Corn Starch, although it isn’t as smooth as Corn Starch and may lend a rough texture to the food.
To replace two tablespoons of Corn Starch, you’ll need one tablespoon of ground flaxseeds with four tablespoons of water.

Allow the mixture to sit for 5 minutes until Corn Starch thickens and becomes jelly-like.
You can then add Corn Starch to improve the consistency of soups, sauces, and other foods.



7 WAYS TO USE CORN STARCH TO COOK:
Corn starch (also known as cornflour in the UK) is extracted from the endosperm of corn kernels.
Corn Starch’s an ingredient you will find in almost any kitchen, and it’s used for culinary, industrial, and household purposes – from stain removing to sauce thickeners!

If you have a container full of corn starch and want to know how to make the most if it, then read on!
Corn starch is great at absorbing moisture and it’s this property that makes it super useful!
But because of this, Corn Starch’s important to store it correctly.

Keep Corn Starch in air-tight container where it won’t be affected by ambient humidity.
If you store it properly, your corn starch will keep indefinitely!


1. Thicken up a sauce:
There are many ways to thicken up sauce – add a roux, egg yolk, or flour it and stir.
But a quick way is to use a corn starch slurry.
Simply mix corn starch with a little bit of water (or milk) and stir it into the sauce.


2. Get crispy chicken:
Next time you want to make crispy breaded chicken or fish, try coating it with corn starch instead of flour.
Corn starch absorbs more moisture and helps to prevent gluten formation – all of which help to make the meat crispier.


3. Prevent soggy pies:
Runny fruit pies are a common problem for bakers.
To prevent your fruit pie from becoming too soupy, coat the fruits in corn starch.
This will absorb moisture as Corn Starch is released by the fruits while cooking, preventing a watery pie!


4. Prevent rubbery omelets:
To get perfectly fluffy omelets, try adding a pinch of corn starch to the eggs when beating it.
Rubbery omelets are usually a result of the eggs cooking too fast – the egg proteins ‘seize up’, moisture is lost, and the eggs become tough.
Corn starch protects the eggs from drying out too fast and from turning out too rubbery.


5. Vegan baking:
Corn starch works great as an egg substitute in vegan baking.
Use 1 Tbsp corn starch together with 3 Tbsp of warm water and whisk.
This also works if you accidently run out of eggs!


6. Remove grease stains:
Ever had an accidental grease splatter on your favorite top that you can’t seem to get rid of?
Simply sprinkle the grease stain with a bit of corn starch and leave it to absorb the oil for about 15 minutes.
Add water (enough to make a paste) and rub the stain.
Rinse, and see the stain disappear right before your eyes!


7. Make kids crafts:
Corn starch is a popular ingredient in kids’ craft items.
Homemade slime – that has been trending everywhere on the internet – is made with corn starch.
You can also make non-toxic finger paints for the kids.

Mix ¼ cup corn starch with 2 cups of cold water.
Bring the mixture to a boil until Corn Starch becomes thick.
Pour into a container and add food coloring!



FIRST AID MEASURES of CORN STARCH:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CORN STARCH:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CORN STARCH:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CORN STARCH:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CORN STARCH:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CORN STARCH:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is an extract of the sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is a common herb widely used in Chinese medicine.


CAS Number: Not available
EC Number: Not available
Chem/IUPAC Name: Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is an extract of the sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis, Cornaceae
INCI name: CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT
Origin: biotechnological



SYNONYMS:
CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT, EXTRACT OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT, Dogwood fruit extract, Japanese Cornel, Japanese Cornelian Cherry, Cornelian cherry, Cornus fruit, Cornus officinalis fruit, Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis, Dogwood fruit, Cornus fruit extract, Cornelian cherry extract, Cornelian cherry powder



Cornus Officinalis Fruit is a plant extract that contains anti-oxidants.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract might help to neutralize free radicals in skin.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract refers to the active ingredient extracted from Cornus officinalis.


Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is a common herb widely used in Chinese medicine.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract's fruit contains a variety of healthful active ingredients, including ursolic acid, gallic acid, cyclic enol ether terpenes, and tannins.


The dried mature fruit pulp of Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract, a deciduous shrub or small tree in the Cornaceae family.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract acts as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, protective, anti-wrinkle and whitening agent.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract contains gallic acid, isoterchebin, loganin, malic acid, oleanolic acid, tartaric acid, ursolic acid and 0.4% phenonip preservative.


Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract, the Japanese cornel or Japanese cornelian cherry, is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae.
Despite its name, Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is native to China and Korea as well as Japan.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is not to be confused with C. mas, which is also known as the Cornelian cherry.


Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is not closely related to the true cherries of the genus Prunus.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is a large, strongly-growing deciduous shrub with rough flaky bark.
Umbels of acid yellow flowers appear in early spring before the oval leaves.


The red berries, which are edible, appear later in the summer, and the leaves turn shades of red before falling in the autumn.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract has been used in oriental medicine and has been reported to have many functions such as reduction of melanin production, anti-cancer, antibacterial function, and etc..


Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is an extract of the sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis, Cornaceae ae.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is an extract of the fruit of plant Cornus officinalis.
Fruits are also known as dogwood berries, and they are native to Japan and China.


Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract contains iridoid glycosides, which makes it useful in many different ways medicinally and with the nutritional aspect as well.
Apart from iridoid glycosides, Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract also contains oleanolic acid and ursolic acid.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract, which is called "Shanzhuyu" in China, is a type of deciduous tree native to Gansu and Shaanxi provinces in China.


As a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract has a sour taste, astringent taste, and mild temperature.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the Cornus Officinalis plant.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is known for its antioxidant properties and its ability to soothe the skin.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is rich in vitamins and minerals that can help to improve skin vitality and overall appearance.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract has a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-aging effects.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is widely used in food, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.


Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract can be used to help preserve the product formulation
Pair Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract with hydrating ingredients like hyaluronic acid and soothing agents like chamomile.
when to use: Use in the morning and evening


Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract offers cell membrane protection, skin elasticity, freckle and wrinkle suppression.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract, a skin care agent with anti-inflammatory properties, is used in Oriental medicine and is reported to have many functions such as reducing melanin production, anti-cancer, antibacterial function, etc.


Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract finds application in formulating skin care products.
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is often used to treat kidney deficiency, hypertension, waist and knee pain, dizziness, tinnitus, sexual dysfunction, spermatorrhea, menorrhagia, and other diseases.


More than 300 active components have been discovered in Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract, including 4 kinds of saccharides, 10 triterpenes, 21 kinds of flavonoids, 30 tannins, 33 monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, 39 iridoids, essential oils, and 15 other compounds.
These active ingredients have hepatoprotective, renal protective, cardioprotective, anti-tumor activity, antidiabetic, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-aging, anti-amnesia, anti-osteoporosis, and immunomodulatory effects.


In 2001, Chinese scientists demonstrated the therapeutic effect of Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract on diabetes in an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Used plant parts: Fruit pulp



USE AND BENEFITS OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
Iridoid glycosides are actually secondary metabolites produced, chemically known as cyclopentane monoterpenes.
They are considered as potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory.
The iridoid glycosides can also help skin lose the dead skin cell layer.

They clear out skin by getting rid of those dead skin cells.
Being antioxidants, they fight with free radicals produced by environmental oxidative stress and help protect skin with ongoing damage caused by them.
Which in turn can result in the skin with improved aging-related issues like fine lines or wrinkles, Iridoid glycosides when interacted with amino acid can produce colored complexes, this quality is particularly useful in hair color preparation.

It is believed, and studies are being conducted on its whitening effect on the skin when iridoid glycosides are being used.
They block tyrosinase enzyme, which is responsible for making melanin pigments.
It is used in anti-aging serums, creams, other facial care products, body care products, and sun protection products.



WHAT DOES CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Skin conditioning



KEY BENEFITS OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
*Antioxidant properties
*Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract improves skin vitality
*Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract helps to soothe the skin
*Rich in vitamins and minerals



NUTRITION OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
Cornelian cherry juices are rich in potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. Compared to other juices obtained from plum, pear, and apple, Cornelian cherry juice contained higher levels of dietary minerals.



PROPERTIES OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
*Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract belongs to the following substance groups
*Ingredients for skincare
*Regulating cosmetics
*Cosmetics Ingredients are subject to regulation. *Please note, different regulations may apply to cosmetic ingredients outside the EU.



FUNCTIONS OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
Skin Conditioner:
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract keeps skin in good condition
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is present in 0.02% of cosmetics.



TYPE OF PREPARATION OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
Extract (solvent extract)



FUNCTIONS OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONING
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract maintains the skin in good condition



ETYMOLOGY OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
In Korean Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is known as sansuyu (산수유), in Chinese as shān zhū yú (山茱萸) and in Japanese as sanshuyu (さんしゅゆ).
The Latin specific epithet officinalis refers to plants which have some medicinal or culinary use - in this case the edible berries.



CULTIVATION OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
The plant is valued in cultivation for providing year-round interest in the garden.
It is, however, quite a substantial shrub, typically growing to 8 m (26 ft) tall and broad.
The cultivar 'Kintoki', with larger and more abundant flowers, has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.



HERBALISM OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract occurs in China, Japan and Korea where it is used as a food plant and as a medicinal plant.



CLAIMS OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
*Anti-inflammatories
*Anti-wrinkle Agents
*Antioxidants
*Lightening / Whitening Agents
*Protective Agents
*bio-based
*protections



CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
The plant contains oleanolic acid and ursolic acid.
Ursolic acid has shown in vitro protective effects on auditory cells.

Ethanolic extracts of the fruit of Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract has been shown to prevent hepatic injuries associated with acetaminophen-induced liver injury-induced hepatotoxicity (in mice) by preventing or alleviating oxidative stress.

The chemical constituents isolated from the fruit (Corni fructus) have protective effects on beta cells in vitro, and may control postprandial hyperglycemia by alpha-glucosidase inhibition.

Cornel iridoid glycoside, a chemical extracted from Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract, promoted neurogenesis and angiogenesis and improved neurological function after ischemia in rats.

Morroniside, the most abundant iridoid glycoside extracted from Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract, substantially reduces osteophyte formation and subchondral sclerosis in mice models.
Specifically, morroniside significantly promotes cartilage matrix synthesis by increasing collagen type II expression and suppressing chondrocyte pyroptosis.

It inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13), Caspase-1 and nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) expression in DMM mice and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, and enhances chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis.
It also slows OA progression by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling.

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study found that a Chinese herbal formula that mainly consisted of Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract was not only effective at improving erectile function, but it was also safe for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
A chemical substance isolated from Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract also may enhance the motility of human sperm.

Cell cultures of Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract contain gallotannins in the forms of tri-, tetra- and pentagalloylglucoses.
The main tannins are 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose, 1,2,6-trigalloyl-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-glucose and 6-digalloyl-1,2,3-trigalloyl-glucose.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
EC Number: Not available
CAS Number: Not available
Molecular Formula: Not available
Molecular Weight: Not available
Appearance: Dark purple to black powder
Density: Not available
Solubility: Soluble in water and ethanol
pH: Not available
Flash Point: Not available
Melting Point: Not available
CAS Number: Not available
EC Number: Not available
Chem/IUPAC Name: Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is an extract of the sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis, Cornaceae
INCI name: CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT
Origin: biotechnological



FIRST AID MEASURES of CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, a precious herb of the Papaveraceae family, is widely used in multiple traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of many painful conditions, and its medicinal part is the dried tuber.


CAS Number: 84696-18-6
EC Number: 283-920-9
Family: Papaveraceae
Genus: Corydalis
Species: C. yanhusuo
Binomial name
Corydalis yanhusuo
Botanical names: Corydalis turtschaninovii, Corydalis yanhusuo



SYNONYMS:
Corydale, Corydale Bulbeuse, Corydale Creuse, Corydale à Tubercule Creux, Corydalis Yanhusuo Rhizome, Dai Ding, Early Fumitory, Fumeterre Creuse, Squirrel Corn, Xuanhu, Yanhu, Yanhusuo, Yuan-hu, Yuanhu, Yuan Hu Suo, Corydalis yanhusuo, Corydalis turtschaninovii, Corydalis yanhusuo extract, Yanhusuo extract, Corydalis tuber extract, Corydalis root extract, Corydalis yanhusuo tuber, Yanhusuo, Chinese corydalis, Pinyin: Yán hū suǒ, Corydale, Corydale Bulbeuse, Corydale Creuse, Corydale à Tubercule Creux, Corydalis Yanhusuo Rhizome, Dai Ding, Early Fumitory, Fumeterre Creuse, Squirrel Corn, Xuanhu, Yanhu, Yanhusuo, Yuan-hu, Yuanhu, Corydalis yanhusuo, Corydalis turtschaninovii, Corydalis yanhusuo extract, Yanhusuo extract, Corydalis tuber extract, Corydalis root extract, Chinese corydalis



Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, a precious herb of the Papaveraceae family, is widely used in multiple traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of many painful conditions, and its medicinal part is the dried tuber.
Yet how to improve this plant’s medicinal yield as well as Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract's economic efficiency remains a key problem in its cultivation.


The planting of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract in rotation with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) aims to improve land utilization efficiency, but the total production of tubers is severely reduced relative to fields without rotation.
However, an increased yield was observed in Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract plants grown in previously flooded fields (HR field) compared to the ones grown in the fields that had been used to cultivate peanut (PL field) or in fields without rotation or flooding (N field).


Based on these phenomena, in this study, we explored the potential factors responsible for the altered growth/yield of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract under different field conditions.
Soil physicochemical properties and the diversity and community of rhizobacteriome of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract were both analyzed.


By testing several soil physicochemical properties, we found that the cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and pH value differed significantly among these three types of fields.
16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed stark differences in the composition, diversity, and potential functions of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract plants grown in field with the peanut rotation or flooding.


Notably, the Acidobacteria were enriched in the HR field, while Actinobacteria were enriched in the PL field.
More importantly, further analysis showed that changed soil physicochemical properties could be one reason for why the rhizospheric bacterial community has changed; hence, soil physicochemical properties might also be affecting plant performance indirectly by regulating the rhizospheric bacterial community.


The RDA analysis distinguished CEC as the most important soil physicochemical property influencing the structure and composition of the Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract rhizobacteriome.
In summary, our results suggest peanut rotation- and flooding-induced soil physicochemical properties changes would further impact the rhizobacteriome of

Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract albeit differentially, culminating in opposite effects upon the plant growth and medicinal yield of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is flowering plant that grows in mild climates throughout the northern hemisphere.


People use Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract for constipation, indigestion, acid reflux, headache, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Don't confuse Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract with other species that might be generally called Corydalis.


These are not the same.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is a plant species in the genus Corydalis.
The Chinese name for Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is yan hu suo (Chinese: 延胡索; pinyin: yán hú suǒ; lit. 'extended barbarian rope').


The Japanese common name is engosaku (エンゴサク) and the Korean common name is hyeonhosaek (현호색).
English common names include yanhusuo, corydalis, and Asian corydalis.
The tuber of this plant, frequently mislabeled as the root, is an important therapeutic agent in traditional Chinese medicine.


It is native to high-altitude grasslands across China including in the provinces of Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang, but is more widely cultivated.
According to the Flora of China, this perennial herbaceous plant produces 5 to 15 purple-blue tubular flowers in clusters that curve out at the opening.


The yellow, round tubers are up to 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter.
The corydalis plant has five to 15 purple-blue-hued flowers clustered together that curve outward.
It’s in the Papaveraceae family (commonly known as poppies).


Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is an herb native to the Chinese province of Zhejiang.
The portion of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract that is used medicinally is the tuberous rhizome
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is a member of the Poppy family, and is closely related to the Opium Poppy.


In traditional Chinese medicine, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is said to invigorate the blood, move qi or energy traveling through the body, and decrease pain, especially with menstrual cramps, abdominal cramping, and hernias.
There are over 400 different Corydalis Yanhusuo species.


This perennial plant is a low growing plant that produces small trumpet-like flowers that vary in color from white to pink to blue, depending upon the species.
The leaf shapes vary by species as does the height of growth.


Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract isn’t an herb you hear about every day in North America.
For example, the root of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract has long been prized by traditional herbalists for its cleansing actions, and Traditional Chinese Medicine doctors rely on it to help support the flow of Qi (the flow of energy throughout the body, pronounced “chee”) and movement of fluids.


However, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is highly prized as a functional herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine and other Traditional wellness practices in Asia.
The Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract includes over 400 species belonging to the poppy family.


Its name comes from the Greek word “korydalis,” meaning “crested lark,” which refers to how the plant resembles the lark’s crest via its tube-like flowers.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is flowering plant that grows in mild climates throughout the northern hemisphere.
Don't confuse Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract with other species that might be generally called Corydalis.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is used for mild depression, and Mental and emotional disturbances.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is used severe nerve damage, Tremors, and High blood pressure.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is used intestinal spasms, and Other conditions.


More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract for these uses.
Cosmetic Uses of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract: antioxidants
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is used for mild depression, mild mental disorders, emotional disturbances, severe nerve damage, and limb tremors.


Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is also used as a mild sedative and tranquilizer, as a hallucinogen, to lower blood pressure, and to relax spasms in the small intestine.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is used in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).


The root and tuber of the Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract are used in medicine.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract contains chemicals that might help fight certain infections in the stomach.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is often used in combination with other herbal supplements that claim health benefits.


There isn't any research, though, that has proven the safety or efficacy of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, and side effects and risks have been indicated.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract prevents morphine tolerance and dependence while also reversing opiate addiction, according to a recent study led by the University of California, Irvine.


The documented effects of YHS, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract of the plant Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, could have an immediate, positive impact to curb the opioid epidemic.
A possible solution consists of a co-medication that maintains the analgesic benefits of opioids while preventing their adverse liabilities.


The research findings show that Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, when coadministered with morphine, inhibits morphine tolerance, dependence and addiction.
If Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is used with morphine at the start or during pain management, there will be less need of morphine and thus less risk of addiction.


Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract has been used as analgesic in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is considered safe and readily available for purchase, either online or as a “botanical” in certain grocery stores.
Root extracts from the flowering herbal plant Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, or YHS, has widely used for centuries as a pain treatment.


Yet few studies have investigated how Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract works on different forms of pain, and little is known about its molecular mechanisms.
However, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract has been used for thousands of years in Traditional Chinese Medicine and for centuries in North America and other countries for its beneficial and protective properties.


Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract was also used extensively by Eclectic Physicians practicing in North America in the mid to late 1800s as an alternative or "cleansing" herb to support liver function and detoxification.
Corydalis grows in forests, and its bright yellow root or tuber (rich in alkaloids) is used in traditional herbal preparations and supplements.


Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract's used in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is used in medicine.
In a new study, researchers show how Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract effectively treats different forms of pain.


Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract contains chemicals that might help fight certain infections in the stomach.
People use Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract for constipation, indigestion, acid reflux, headache, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.


-Traditional Uses Of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract:
As mentioned above, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract has a long history of use in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the Traditional Medicine systems of Asia, such as China, Japan, Korea, Russia, and North America.

Some traditional uses of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract include: Blood function support, Cognitive support, Digestive support, Heart support, Liver support, Nervous system support, For easing menstrual cramps, For minor pain management, For overall menstruation support, To move stagnant Qi, To promote normal fluid movement and balance, To promote relaxation, To support emotional health, Spleen and stomach stasis.

Today, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is still used extensively in Traditional Chinese Medicine and other systems of herbalism but has yet to be studied as extensively as other herbs, like Turmeric or Ashwagandha.



CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT CONTAINS:
Research has shown Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract contains over 160 compounds, including:
Alkaloids
Antioxidants
Organic acids
Volatile oils
Amino acids
Nucleosides
Alcohols
And sugars

Alkaloids, which give the root its brilliant yellow color, are considered the most crucial active constituents, with over 80 types isolated and identified.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is also a source of Berberines, a specific plant compound known as an isoquinoline alkaloid found in the barks, leaves, twigs, rhizomes, roots, and/or stems of approximately 450–500 plant species.
Berberines have become popular due to their potential benefits for various aspects of metabolic, immune, and inflammatory function.



HISTORY OF CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
Yanhusuo is first mentioned in Ben Cao Shi Yi (Omissions from the Materia Medica), written by Chen Cang-Qi in 720 CE.



CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
The alkaloid dehydrocorybulbine (DHCB) can be extracted from the roots of the plant.
Tetrahydropalmatine is another major constituent alkaloid.

Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract also contains the alkaloids glaucine and palmatine.
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract also contains the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor corydaline.
N-Methyltetrahydroprotoberberines have been isolated from C. yanhusuo.



6 BENEFITS OF CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
As you’ve just learned, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract has many uses in traditional herbalism and wellness practices and has been revered for centuries.
However, the science behind this ancient herb, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, is still in its infancy.

Here, we examine the emerging research behind six potential benefits of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract for minor pain management, relaxation, cognitive function, and more.


#1: Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract May Help with Minor Pain Management
Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract is widely used for minor pain management throughout Asia and, more recently, in North America.

But does it work?
Several animal studies suggest Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract may have analgesic properties that work via its effects on the nervous system and dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, comfort, and decreased pain.

Researchers also believe various alkaloids in Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, which promote normal inflammatory response, may be involved in its effects on pain.

Although more research is needed, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract’ use for minor pain management is well-documented in Traditional Chinese Medicine texts and anecdotal evidence for its efficacy is strong.


#2: Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract May Support Heart & Cardiovascular Function
We now know that a normal and healthy inflammatory response is critical to heart and cardiovascular function.

This is why most doctors now recommend taking measures to support a healthy inflammatory response as part of a heart-healthy lifestyle, like reducing stress, eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, getting regular exercise, and reducing intake of processed foods and alcohol.
Studies have also found various herbs, including berberine-containing herbs, may help support normal heart and cardiovascular function.

This includes Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, which studies suggest may benefit normal cardiovascular function, either directly or indirectly, via its supportive effects on:
*Heart rate
*Inflammatory response via its antioxidant compounds
*Normal blood pressure
*Liver function (the liver plays a primary role in cholesterol synthesis)
*Stress response/nervous system function
More research is needed to recommend Corydalis for heart health.


3: Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract May Provide Liver Support Benefits
Berberine-containing plants, specifically roots like Dandelion, Goldenseal, and Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, have long been used by herbalists in liver-supportive formulas.

It is believed the signature yellow color and astringent, bitter properties have a cleansing and protective effect on the liver and other organs of detoxification.

A large body of research has shown Berberine may support various aspects of liver function, including bile synthesis, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and oxidation resistance:
Regarding Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, research has shown its Berberine isoquinoline compounds may have liver-protective properties.

Although more studies are needed to fully understand how Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract may support the liver, this emerging research is consistent with Cordylasis’ use as a liver support herb in various Traditional Chinese Medicine and North American eclectic herbal formulas.


#4: Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract May Promote Feelings of Relaxation
One of Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract’ claims to fame is its purported relaxation effect, which advocates say can help reduce stress, support the nervous system, boost emotional well-being, and promote cognitive function.
There is research to suggest Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract does have a mild sedative effect and may be helpful for relaxation, stress, and healthy sleep.


#5: Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract May Promote Digestion
Several Traditional Chinese Medicine formulas use Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract for digestive function, including occasional stomach pain, reflux, and other common digestive complaints.

Research suggests Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract may promote digestion via its:
*Effects on the liver, which is responsible for the production of bile and key digestive enzymes
*Positive effects on normal digestive inflammatory response
*Positive impact on the microbiome, which preliminary studies suggest may benefit from *Berberine-rich herbs

More research is needed.
However, these studies lend credibility to the traditional practice of taking bitter herbs, known as “bitters” or “aperitifs,” like Dandelion, Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract, Black Radish, etc., to promote healthy digestion.


#6: Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract May Support Various Aspects of Cognitive Function
Nootropic herbs like Ginkgo, Lion’s Mane, and Saffron are well-known for supporting cognitive function.

However, several studies suggest Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract may also promote cognitive function, particularly related to memory and learning capacity, neuron function, and Berberine’s neuroprotective benefits, but more research is needed.
Although more research is needed, this is consistent with Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract's traditional use to protect and promote brain health.



ORIGIN / HABITAT OF CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
Corydalis is thought to be native to areas such as China and Japan.
The plant can survive in harsh climates including snow and freezing temperatures.
It is commonly found in woodlands.



CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
Alkaloids including cordalines, tetrahydropalmatine (THP) and protapine.



HOW DOES CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT WORK?
There isn't enough information to know how Corydalis Yanhusuo Tuber Extract might work.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
Appearance: Powder
Mesh size: 80-120
Odor: Typical odor
Weight loss: ≤ 5%
Ash content: ≤ 5%
Heavy metals: ≤ 20ppm
Pesticide residues: None
Total bacteria: ≤ 1000cfu/gm
Escherichia coli: not detected

Salmonella: not detected
Yeast: ≤ 50cfu/g
Appearance: Brown powder
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
pH: Typically between 5.0 and 7.0
Density: Varies by preparation
Molecular Weight: Varies by active compounds
Extraction Method: Usually extracted through alcohol or water methods



FIRST AID MEASURES of CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CORYDALIS YANHUSUO TUBER EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


COSMEDIA ACE
COSMEDIA ACE is a liquid polymer dispersion specifically designed for skin care with stabilizing, thickening and emulsifying properties for personal care emulsions.
COSMEDIA ACE allows cold mixing in aqueous systems, thereby increasing process speed and efficiency, and reducing energy costs in manufacture.
COSMEDIA ACE delivers a velvety and elegant afterfeel with inherent waxy effect.

CAS Number: 9003-04-7
Molecular Formula: C3H4O2
Molecular Weight: 72.06
EINECS Number: 999-999-2

9003-04-7, COSMEDIA ACE (2500000 MW), 05I15JNI2J, SODIUM ACRYLATE (2500000 MW), COSMEDIA ACE (2500000 MW) (II),2-Propenoicacid,homopolymer,sodiumsalt;Poly(acrylate sodium) (15% q.);PolyacrylatesodiumAq;Polyacrylatesodiumsolid;Sodiumpolyacrylateinwater;Poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) standard1'770;Poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) standard2'925;Poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) standard 115'000.

COSMEDIA ACE is the sodium salt of polyarylic acid. As a chemical polymer, it has various kinds of application in consumer products.
COSMEDIA ACE is capable of absorbing extremely high amount of water which can reach up to as much as 200 to 300 times its mass; therefore, it is used in agriculture industry and is infused in the soil of many plants to maintain the moisture of plant.
COSMEDIA ACE can be commonly used as a sequestering agent, or chelating agent in many detergents.

COSMEDIA ACE can also be used as a thickening agent to be used in diapers and hair gels because of its high capability of absorbing and holding water.
Furthermore, COSMEDIA ACE can be included in the coatings of sensitive electrical wiring to remove moisture in the wires.
COSMEDIA ACE is a commonly used dispersant, also known as 2-sodium acrylate homopolymer.

COSMEDIA ACE is colorless or light yellow viscous liquid in room temperature, and non-toxic, alkaline, insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone but easily soluble in water and aqueous sodium hydroxide.
However, for aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, due to the increase of alkaline metal ions, it is first dissolved and then precipitated.
COSMEDIA ACE can work without entrustment under alkaline conditions or being concentrated for several folds with molecular weight of about 500-3000.

COSMEDIA ACE can disperse the microcrystalline or sediment of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate salts into the water without precipitation, and thus achieving the purpose of preventing entrustment.
Besides used as the descaling dispersant in power plants, chemical plants, fertilizer plants, refineries and air conditioning systems, cooling water system, it is also widely used in industries like paper and textile, ceramics, paints, building materials.
When used as a paper coating dispersant, it has a relative molecular mass in 2000-4000.

When coating concentration is 65% to 70%, it can still have a good rheology and aging stability.
COSMEDIA ACE in molecular weight from 1000 to 3000 is used as water quality stabilizer as well as scaling control agent of concentrated black liquor.
Products with molecular weight higher than 100,000 is used as coatings thickener and water retention agent, which can increase the viscosity of synthetic emulsion such as carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex and acrylate emulsion latex and prevent the water from being separated out as well as maintain the stability of the coating system .

COSMEDIA ACE of molecular weight of 1 million or more can be used as a flocculant.
COSMEDIA ACE can also be used as super absorbent polymer, soil conditioners, as well as a thickening agent and emulsion dispersant in the food industry.
COSMEDIA ACE is a synthetic polymer used in cosmetics and skincare products.

COSMEDIA ACE is used to improve the sensory feel and stability of products.
COSMEDIA ACE functions as a thickening agent, texture enhancer, film-forming agent, and emulsion stabilizer.
COSMEDIA ACE’s main function is to improve the sensory feel and stability of a product.

This means that COSMEDIA ACE helps the product feel smooth and pleasant to use as well as stabilizing the product so that
COSMEDIA ACE doesn’t separate or split.
In cosmetics and skincare products, COSMEDIA ACE functions as a thickening agent, texture enhancer, film-forming agent, and emulsion stabilizer.

COSMEDIA ACE functions as a thickening agent based on COSMEDIA ACEs ability to absorb as much as 100 to 1000 times
COSMEDIA ACEs mass in water.
In water-based solutions, the sodium ions in COSMEDIA ACE are free to move since they are replaced by positively charged hydrogen ions.

This means that instead of an organized polymer chain, a gel forms.
As the gel absorbs water COSMEDIA ACE helps to thicken the formulation.
The thickness of a product is an important part of the formulating process as COSMEDIA ACE helps to improve the feel of the cream or lotion.

Not only does COSMEDIA ACE affect how the product feels, COSMEDIA ACE also helps to improve how the product works.
When a formulation has been thickened COSMEDIA ACE can improve both how evenly the product is spread across the skin and how easy the product is to spread.
As a texture enhancer, COSMEDIA ACE contributes to the smooth, glossy appearance of products.

COSMEDIA ACE keeps the texture of a product soft and supple while also conditioning the skin.
By adding COSMEDIA ACE to things like shampoos, conditioners, creams, and lotions, formulations will look and feel more rich, smooth, and creamy.
Additionally, COSMEDIA ACE can be used in exfoliating products to make strong scrubbing materials more gentle.

COSMEDIA ACE is the sodium salt of polyacrylic acid.
COSMEDIA ACE is a super absorbent polymer that can absorb 100 to 1000 times its mass in water.
COSMEDIA ACE is sodium content enables it to absorb large amounts of water.

COSMEDIA ACE thickens the water-based formulations and finds applications in numerous consumer products like cosmetics and personal care products.
The molecular structure of COSMEDIA ACE molecule is water soluble linear polymers.
Small molecular weight molecule is as liquid with large molecule counterparts shown as solid.

COSMEDIA ACE is shown as a white powder or granules, and is odorless, water-swellable, and soluble in aqueous caustic soda.
Moreover, COSMEDIA ACE is extremely hygroscopic.
COSMEDIA ACE is a polymer compound containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.

COSMEDIA ACE is slowly soluble in water and form a highly viscous transparent liquid whose 0.5% solution having a viscosity of about 1000cp with the viscosity being not as swelling as CMC and sodium alginate.
But owing to the ion phenomenon of many anionic groups in the molecule makes the molecular chain being longer, increasing the apparent viscosity to form highly viscous solution.
COSMEDIA ACE has a viscosity which is 15-20 times as high as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sodium alginate.

COSMEDIA ACE has a high alkali resistance with viscosity changing only little and it is also non-perishable.
Heat treatment, neutral salts, and organic acids have very small effects on its viscosity. However, it has increased viscosity upon alkaline condition.
Intense heating to 300 degrees will not cause decomposition of it.

Due to its property as a kind of electrolyte, it is vulnerable to acids and metal ions which cause the decrease of viscosity.
In case of more than a sufficient amount of divalent metal ions (e.g. aluminum, lead, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc), it will form insoluble salt which cause intermolecular crosslink and thus gelation and further precipitation.
But it is still as solution upon a low amount of divalent metal ion, making it be able to be used as detergent additives which play a role in preventing soil re-deposition.

COSMEDIA ACE is a vegan ingredient.
COSMEDIA ACE is usually synthetically derived.
COSMEDIA ACE is called as Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) (also called slush powder).

COSMEDIA ACE has the ability to absorb as much as 500 times its mass in water.
COSMEDIA ACE is seen as a white powder when dry, but turns into a gel-like substance when wet.
COSMEDIA ACE is the sodium salt of polyarylic acid.

As a chemical polymer, COSMEDIA ACE has various kinds of application in consumer products.
COSMEDIA ACE is capable of absorbing extremely high amount of water which can reach up to as much as 200 to 300 times COSMEDIA ACEs mass
COSMEDIA ACE is an example of a super-absorbing polymer.

COSMEDIA ACE is a cross-linked (network) polymer that contains sodium atoms.
COSMEDIA ACE absorbs water by a process called osmosis. When the (sodium-containing) polymer is placed in contact with water, there is a tendency for the sodium to distribute equally between the network and the water.
That means, some of the sodium atoms want to leave the network and move to the water.

When these sodium atoms leave, they are replaced with water molecules.
Water swells the polymer network to try to keep the sodium concentration balanced between the polymer and the water.
The cross-links that connect the chains together prevent them from dissolving/breaking apart in the water.

COSMEDIA ACE can absorb 800 times its weight in distilled water, but only 300 times its weight in tap water, since tap water contains some sodium, calcium and other mineral salts.
COSMEDIA ACE is a versatile, synthetic polymer used as a film-forming agent, emulsion stabilizer, absorbent, thickening agent, and emollient.
In COSMEDIA ACE is raw form it is a granular white powder.

COSMEDIA ACE belongs to a class of polymers called super absorbent polymers (or SAPs).
COSMEDIA ACE’s considered as such because of its ability to absorb 100–1000 times its mass in water.
The independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel has ruled sodium polymethacrylate safe as used in cosmetics.

Amounts between 0.3–1.4% are typically all it takes to achieve this ingredient’s many formulary traits.
In addition to its use as an absorbent in skin products, it is used in commercial applications, such as a gelling agent for disposable diapers and sanitary napkins.
COSMEDIA ACE is also a food additive to help thicken certain foods and preserve them for longer periods of time.


COSMEDIA ACE is more often categorised as a superabsorbent material, COSMEDIA ACE can absorb many times Sodium polyacrylates own weight of water and hold COSMEDIA ACE in creating a soft stable gel.
COSMEDIA ACE, also called polyacrylic acid or acryalate copolymer, is a dry white or light gray powder or liquid that is a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid.
COSMEDIA ACE is produced by polymerizing acrylic acid and hydrolysis of the polyacrylic acid with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.

COSMEDIA ACE is a water soluble polymer.
The basic polymer is poly(acrylic acid), which has a carboxylic acid group on each repeat unit.
In COSMEDIA ACE, the carboxylic acid groups are neutralized with a sodium counter-ion.

COSMEDIA ACE, often known as waterlock, is a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid with the chemical formula [CH2CH(CO2Na)]n that finds use in a variety of consumer goods.
In water, COSMEDIA ACE may absorb 100 to 1000 times its mass.
An anionic polyelectrolyte having negatively charged carboxylic groups in the main chain, COSMEDIA ACE is an anionic polyelectrolyte.

A chemical polymer made up of chains of acrylate molecules is COSMEDIA ACE.
Because of the ionic interactions between the molecules, COSMEDIA ACE creates a thick and transparent solution when dissolved in water.
COSMEDIA ACE is added to potted plants and soils to allow them to retain moisture.

COSMEDIA ACE behaves as a water reservoir, soaking up excess water and discharging COSMEDIA ACE when required.
Florists use COSMEDIA ACE to preserve water and help retain the freshness of flowers.
Diapers are made absorbent by the addition of a thin membrane of COSMEDIA ACE.

The outermost layer of a diaper is made of microporous polyethylene, and the innermost layer is polypropylene.
Polyethylene keeps the urine from leaking, and polypropylene absorbs moisture from the skin and allows the diaper to keep dry and soft.
Between these two layers is a layer of COSMEDIA ACE in combination with cellulose.

COSMEDIA ACE is also used in tampons and similar female hygiene products.
COSMEDIA ACE is added to gas containers (jet fuel, diesel, and gasoline) to absorb water.
COSMEDIA ACE is used in filtration units that separate water from automobile and airplane fuel, increasing the efficiency of the vehicle.

COSMEDIA ACE protects electrical and optical cables from moisture.
COSMEDIA ACE is applied to the conductor or shielding of communication and power cables.
COSMEDIA ACE blocks water from penetrating and damaging a cable.

Density: 1.32 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.43
storage temp.: 2-8°C
form: powder
Specific Gravity: 1.23
PH Range: 6 - 9
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive.

COSMEDIA ACE, also known as waterlock, is a sodium salt of poly acrylic acid with the chemical formula [-CH2-CH(COONa)-]n and broad application in consumer products.
COSMEDIA ACE has the ability to absorb as much as 200 to 300 times its mass in water.
COSMEDIA ACE is anionic polyelectrolytes with negatively charged carboxylic groups in the main chain.

While sodium neutralized poly acrylic acids are the most common form used in industry, there are also other salts available including potassium, lithium and ammonium.
If a polymer consists of only one kind of monomers then it is called a homopolymer, while a polymer which consists of more than one kind of monomers is called a copolymer.
Available in a range of weights, ideal for every application from making giant bubbles, to manufacturing beauty products, to large scale TV productions.

COSMEDIA ACE has a number of mechanical advantages.
Mechanical stability, great heat resistance, and excellent hydration are just a few of the benefits.
COSMEDIA ACE is an odorless, grainy white powder.

COSMEDIA ACEs most impressive property is COSMEDIA ACEs ability to absorb large amounts of fluid, up to 800 times
COSMEDIA ACEs volume of distilled water and lesser amounts of other liquid mixtures.
This property accounts for one of COSMEDIA ACEs primary applications, in the manufacture of disposable diapers.

Diapers made from COSMEDIA ACE are able to absorb up to 30 grams of urine for each gram of diaper COSMEDIA ACEs structure is made up of one molecule of oxygen, one molecule of sodium oxide, a carbon base, and three hydrogen molecules.
With the right selection of cross-linking agents, COSMEDIA ACE, becomes water insoluble and becomes a Super Absorbent Polymer or COSMEDIA ACEs.
COSMEDIA ACEs is used in many different applications, with the ability to absorb up to 600 times its weight in water by forming a hydrogel.

When COSMEDIA ACE is combined with liquid water, COSMEDIA ACEs draws water molecules into the matrix of polymer chains through a diffusion gradient.
COSMEDIA ACEs absorbs and retains the water due to strong hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
Once absorbed, COSMEDIA ACE will not release water like conventional adsorbents.

The water is truly retained in the particles at a molecular level!
COSMEDIA ACE, also known as waterlock, is the sodium salt of polyacrylic acid, a high molecular weight polymer.
COSMEDIA ACE is a substance which has a molecular structure built up from a large number of similar units, called monomers, bonded together.

With COSMEDIA ACE, the monomers are acrylic acid.
Functionally, COSMEDIA ACE is strong and flexible.
COSMEDIA ACE is a functional polymer used in a variety of common products such as paper diapers, pets pads, water-retaining material (to help the soil retain water), instant snow, and so on.

COSMEDIA ACE is known for its superior absorbency.
COSMEDIA ACE has been used as an additive for food products including bread, juice, and ice cream.
While sodium neutralized polyacrylic acids are the most common form used in industry, there are also other salts available including potassium, lithium and ammonium.

In detergents COSMEDIA ACE works as a chelating agent, which neutralizes the heavy metals in water & dirt so that the detergent can be more effective at cleaning.
COSMEDIA ACE is also used as a thickening agent because COSMEDIA ACE can absorb and hold onto water molecules.
COSMEDIA ACE is common in diapers, dish and laundry detergents, stain removers, bleach products & shower cleaners.

Unlike other absorbent materials, COSMEDIA ACE’s not easy to squeeze the moisture out of this gel.
This is what makes COSMEDIA ACE perfect for use in paper diapers — your baby can sit on COSMEDIA ACE, roll around, sleep for hours in a wet diaper without leaks.
COSMEDIA ACE’s mainly used in Hygiene Products such as Diapers, Sanitary Napkins, Nursing pads, and Pet pads, etc.

The single sheets of Ice packs are activated by placing them in fresh tap water.
COSMEDIA ACE brings a new, specially developed absorbent layer that helps consumers simulate a dry process in vacuum packaging.
Water beads are made of COSMEDIA ACE.

COSMEDIA ACE can absorb a large amount of water and turn into a bigger ball.
COSMEDIA ACE is used in waterproof tape and waterproof ointment for use in optical fiber cables

Uses:
COSMEDIA ACE can be used as a corrosion scale inhibitor, water stabilizer, paint thickener and water retention agent, flocculants, drilling mud treatment agent.
The agent is used for the circulating cooling water treatment for equipment copper material with a excellent scale effect.
At the amount of 100 mg/L, it can form chelate with the scale-forming ions in water of medium hardness and further flow with water, and can prevent the formation of iron oxide scale.

COSMEDIA ACE can be used as a thickener and stabilizer in butter products, cream, tomato sauce.
COSMEDIA ACE can also be used as a dispersing agent in fruit juice, wine and spirits.
COSMEDIA ACE can improve the sense of taste of ice cream, and enhance its stability.

COSMEDIA ACE can also be used as surface freezing glue for freezing products and aquatic products, and can also play a role in preservation.
COSMEDIA ACE can also alter protein structure and enhance the viscoelasticity of food, and thus further improving the organization.
COSMEDIA ACE has many functions in food as following: Enhance the adhesion ability to raw flour protein.

Make starch particle to combine with each other and dispersion penetrate into the mesh structure of the protein.
Form dough with a dense texture and being smooth in its glossy surface.
COSMEDIA ACE forms a stable dough colloid for preventing soluble starch exudation.

COSMEDIA ACE has a strong water-holding capacity which can make moisture be uniformly maintained in dough and prevent drying.
COSMEDIA ACE can be used to improve the dough extensibility.
Make the raw material in the oil component be stably dispersed into the dough.

COSMEDIA ACE is used as the electrolyte for protein interactions, change the protein structure, and enhance food viscoelasticity and improve the organization.
Application Example: Bread, cakes, noodles, macaroni, improve utilization of raw materials, improve the taste and flavor with the amount of 0.05%.
Fish paste-like products, canned food, dried seaweed, etc., to strengthen its organization, to keep fresh flavor, enhanced sense of smell.

Sauce, tomato sauce, mayonnaise, jam, cream, soy sauce, thickeners and stabilizers.
COSMEDIA ACE can be used as a filtrate reducer in solid drilling industry.
COSMEDIA ACE is a good anion detergent and dispersants which can be combined with other water treatment agent compound used for oil field water, cooling water, boiler water treatment at high pH and at high concentration process without scaling.

Owing to COSMEDIA ACE is slow dissolution rate in water; it can be pre-mixed with sugar, powdered starch syrup, emulsifier, etc., to improve the dissolution rate.
COSMEDIA ACE can be used as sugar, salt, beverage clarifying agent (polymer coagulant).
The above information is edited by the Chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng.

COSMEDIA ACE is an absorbent polymer that is used as an emulsion stabilizer, a hair fixative, a film former, skin conditioner, and a viscosity agent.
In detergents it works as a chelating agent, which neutralizes the heavy metals in water & dirt so that the detergent can be more effective at cleaning.
COSMEDIA ACE is also used as a thickening agent because it can absorb and hold onto water molecules.

COSMEDIA ACE is commonly used as a sequestering agent, or chelating agent, in many detergents.
COSMEDIA ACE has the ability to bind hard-water elements, such as magnesium, calcium, iron and zinc, to make the detergents work more effectively.
Chelating agents neutralize the presence of heavy metals that may be found in water, dirt and other substances that can be found in laundry, making the detergent more effective in cleaning and neutralizing odors in your clothes.

COSMEDIA ACE is primarily used as a thickening agent because of COSMEDIA ACEs unique ability to absorb and hold onto water molecules, making COSMEDIA ACE ideal for use in diapers and hair gels.
COSMEDIA ACE is also used in industrial processes to dissolve soaps by absorbing water molecules.
Thickening agents, like COSMEDIA ACE, increase the viscosity of water-based compounds, which increases their stability.

In diapers, COSMEDIA ACE will absorb the water molecules found in urine, increasing the amount of liquid the diaper can hold while at the same time reducing the risk of diaper rash by promoting a dry environment.
COSMEDIA ACE has been included in the coatings of sensitive electrical wiring to keep moisture away from the wires.
When COSMEDIA ACE is infused in the protective rubber coating around a wire, COSMEDIA ACE protects the wire from exposure to moisture, ensuring the safe transmission of electrical signals.

COSMEDIA ACE is used extensively in the agricultural industry and is infused in the soil of many potted plants to help them retain moisture, behaving as a type of water reservoir.
Florists commonly use COSMEDIA ACE to help keep flowers fresh, and this substance has been approved for domestic fruit and vegetable growing by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
COSMEDIA ACE has also been combined with other absorbent polymers and infused into the innermost layers of spacesuits that will be worn by a NASA astronaut to help keep his skin from developing rashes during space flight.

Artificial snow is also called instant snow, fake snow, magic snow,expanding snow, fluffy snow.
COSMEDIA ACE is a special super absorbent polymer, which can absorb hundreds times of water.
The instant snow looks real, feels cool,and is soft and fluffy to touch like fresh fallen snow.

Safety Profile:
COSMEDIA ACE in its dry form may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Direct contact with the skin or eyes should be avoided.
Inhalation of the dust or fine particles of COSMEDIA ACE should be minimized. Prolonged exposure to airborne particles may lead to respiratory irritation.

While not typically a concern in consumer products, ingestion of COSMEDIA ACE in large quantities could lead to gastrointestinal irritation.
It is important to keep products containing COSMEDIA ACE out of reach of children.


Cosmenyl Blue A4R
Colanyl Violet RL 132 PIGMENT VIOLET 23 Colanyl Violet RL 132 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of the moderate durability, it is suitable for interior use only. Benefits Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range
COSMENYL GREEN GG
COSMENYL GREEN GG IUPAC Name copper;(19Z,28Z)-5,6,7,8,14,15,16,17,23,24,25,26,32,34,35-pentadecachloro-2,11,20,29,37,39-hexaza-38,40-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1(37),2,4(9),5,7,10,12(39),13(18),14,16,19,22(27),23,25,28,31(36),32,34-octadecaene COSMENYL GREEN GG InChI InChI=1S/C32H3Cl15N8.Cu/c33-2-1-3(34)12(35)5-4(2)25-48-26(5)50-28-8-9(16(39)22(45)21(44)15(8)38)30(52-28)54-32-11-10(17(40)23(46)24(47)18(11)41)31(55-32)53-29-7-6(27(49-25)51-29)13(36)19(42)20(43)14(7)37;/h1,25,29H;/q-2;+2 COSMENYL GREEN GG InChI Key BWWFBQOKGNVMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N COSMENYL GREEN GG Canonical SMILES C1=C(C2=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)C3=NC2N=C4C5=C(C([N-]4)N=C6C7=C(C(=C(C(=C7Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=N6)N=C8C9=C(C(=C(C(=C9Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=N3)[N-]8)C(=C(C(=C5Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl.[Cu+2] COSMENYL GREEN GG Isomeric SMILES C1=C(C2=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)C3=NC2/N=C\4/C5=C(C([N-]4)/N=C\6/C7=C(C(=C(C(=C7Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=N6)N=C8C9=C(C(=C(C(=C9Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=N3)[N-]8)C(=C(C(=C5Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl.[Cu+2] COSMENYL GREEN GG Molecular Formula C32H3Cl15CuN8 COSMENYL GREEN GG CAS 1328-53-6 COSMENYL GREEN GG DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID8025911 COSMENYL GREEN GG Density[g/cm³] approx. 1.50 COSMENYL GREEN GG Viscosity[Pa*s] < 1.3 COSMENYL GREEN GG Average Particle Size[nm] - COSMENYL GREEN GG pH Value 8 - 9 COSMENYL GREEN GG Total Solid approx.[%] - COSMENYL GREEN GG Content approx.Pigment [%]48 Water [%]20 Glycol [%]25 COSMENYL GREEN GG Chemical Class Poly Chlorinated Phthalocyanine COSMENYL GREEN GG Odor Odorless COSMENYL GREEN GG Physical appearance Green Powder COSMENYL GREEN GG Solubility in water Insoluble COSMENYL GREEN GG Hazardous Nature Non-Hazardous COSMENYL GREEN GG Molecular Weight 1094.7 g/mol COSMENYL GREEN GG Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 COSMENYL GREEN GG Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 5 COSMENYL GREEN GG Rotatable Bond Count 0 COSMENYL GREEN GG Exact Mass 1092.501604 g/mol COSMENYL GREEN GG Monoisotopic Mass 1086.510455 g/mol COSMENYL GREEN GG Topological Polar Surface Area 76.2 Ų COSMENYL GREEN GG Heavy Atom Count 56 COSMENYL GREEN GG Formal Charge 0 COSMENYL GREEN GG Complexity 1800 COSMENYL GREEN GG Isotope Atom Count 0 COSMENYL GREEN GG Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 COSMENYL GREEN GG Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 2 COSMENYL GREEN GG Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 2 COSMENYL GREEN GG Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 COSMENYL GREEN GG Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2 COSMENYL GREEN GG Compound Is Canonicalized Yes COSMENYL GREEN GG (48%) (and) Aqua (20%) (and) Glycol (25%). Cosmenyl Green GG by is pigment dispersion.COSMENYL GREEN GG It is based on glycerine, anionic dispersing and wetting agents.COSMENYL GREEN GG It is a readily pumpable and flowable aqueous dispersion.COSMENYL GREEN GG It shows good light and alkali fastness. Cosmenyl Green GG is used for the coloration of soap, toothpaste and other personal care products.COSMENYL GREEN GG Complies with the requirements for cosmetic colorants defined by the European Union Regulation No. 1223/2009. Recommended for use in products bearing eco-labels.Cosmenyl Green GG is a pigment dispersion of approx. 48% pigment and is based on anionic dispersing and wetting agents and glycerine. The Colour Index of the basic pigment is COSMENYL GREEN GG.Benefits:Readily pumpable and flowable aqueous dispersions,Included in at least one of the authorized use lists for cosmetic colorants for the EU, USA or Japan,Selected for coloration of toiletries and cosmetics or home and fabric care products in liquid, paste or powder form,Microbiological purity specified,Recommended for use in products bearing eco-labels.Cosmenyl Green GG complies with the requirements for cosmetic colorants defined by the European Union Regulation No. 1223/2009. This directive is valid for all countries of the European Union, and it is used as guideline by many other countries.Cosmenyl Green GG is suitable for stationery, woodstains and latex. It is recommended for the coloration of soap and toothpaste.Cosmenyl pigment preparations are pastes that are recommended for the coloration of personal care products, cosmetics, detergents and cleaners. They are especially recommended for the coloration of bar soap.COSMENYL GREEN GG. Cosmenyl Green GG by is a coloring pigment. Available as an aqueous pigment preparation. Cosmenyl Green GG is used in personal care and cosmetics.COSMENYL GREEN GG Manufacturing Methods :(a) Copper phthalocyanine in Sodium chloride and Aluminium chloride hexahydrate low eutectic mixture to Copper (II) chloride dihydrate and Ferric chloride as catalyst, in 180 ~ 200 ℃ with chlorine for chlorinated; Or in molten Phthalic anhydride in chlorinated; Or suspended in the “fluidized bed” in 180 ~ 200 ℃ chlorinated; (b) in the Sulfur dichloride in 150 ~ 175 ℃ and pressure will Copper phthalocyanine heating; (C) change the 4,5,6,7-Tetrachloroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione for 16 Copper phthalocyanine chloride (USP2549842). Most of the goods on average every molecule contains 15 chlorine atom, and according to the method (C), including 16 chlorine atom.COSMENYL GREEN GG Properties and Applications: brilliant green. Variegated dark green powder. Bright color, good dyeing force. Insoluble in water and general organic solvent. In concentrated sulfuric acid for olive green, green precipitation after dilution.COSMENYL GREEN GG The fastness performance is excellent, belongs to the chlorinated copper phthalocyanine do not fade pigment.COSMENYL GREEN GG Mainly used for paint, ink, plastic, rubber, cultural and educational supplies color, also used in pigment printing.COSMENYL GREEN GG Reactivity Alerts:none COSMENYL GREEN GG Air & Water Reactions:Insoluble in water. COSMENYL GREEN GG Fire Hazard:Flash point data for this compound are not available; it is probably combustible. COSMENYL GREEN GG Health Hazard:No information available.COSMENYL GREEN GG Reactivity Profile:Likely to behave as a weak base in aqueous solution.COSMENYL GREEN GG Firefighting:Fires involving this compound can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.Non-Fire Response:SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with 5% acetic acid, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 5% acetic acid to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with 5% acetic acid followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.COSMENYL GREEN GG Protective Clothing: RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.COSMENYL GREEN GG First Aid: EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.COSMENYL GREEN GG, which has many commercial names, is a synthetic green pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes, a complex of copper(II) with chlorinated phthalocyanine. It is a soft green powder, which is insoluble in water.[1] It is a bright, high intensity colour used in oil and acrylic based artist's paints, and in other applications.Due to its stability, phthalo green is used in inks, coatings, and many plastics. In application it is transparent. Being insoluble, it has no tendency to migrate in the material. It is a standard pigment used in printing ink and packaging industry. It is also allowed in all cosmetics except those used around the eyes. It is used in some tattoos.Good dispersability and strong color strength.Recommended for inks, plastic, paints and textile printing.COSMENYL GREEN GG is with highly transparent mid shade, high heat resistance and overall properties.COSMENYL GREEN GG tinting strength is much lower than phthalocyanine blue.COSMENYL GREEN GG fastness properties is much better than phthalocyanine blue.COSMENYL GREEN GG is the standard green color for plastics, used in polyolefins, engineerring plastic, PP, terylene, acrylic fibers and nylon.Cu,phthalo green, odorless, organic pigment. Shows insolubility in water. Is non-flammable and non-explosive. Used for applications like PVC, rubber, PO, PS, engineering plastics, PP, PET, PA6, PAN spin dyeing and cable.This substance is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, polymers, finger paints and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).This substance is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area in 1 000 - 10 000 tonnes per year.This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.Moreover, our product COSMENYL GREEN GG complies with the parameters as described in European Resolution AP (89)/1. It can be used for the Printing Inks for food packaging industries and plastic toys as well. We can manufacture Ethoxylate Free pigments. Some other critical parameters can be maintained within the prescribed limits.. for example, Polychloro Biphenyl Content less than 25 ppm, Hexachloro Benzine Content less than 50 ppm etc.
Cosmenyl Yellow G 30
Colanyl Yellow HR 130 PIGMENT YELLOW 83 Colanyl Yellow HR 130 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of the moderate durability, it is suitable for interior use only. Benefits Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range
COSMENYL YELLOW 10G
COSMENYL YELLOW 10G Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Technical Datasheet | Supplied by in-cosmetics global 2020 CI 11710 (45%) (and) Aqua (27%) (and) Glycol (23%). Cosmenyl Yellow 10G by is a coloring pigment. Available as aqueous pigment preparation. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is recommended for the coloration of personal care products, cosmetics and bar soaps. Claims Pigments > Coloring Pigments INCI Names AQUA CI 11710 GLYCOL Chemical Composition Monoazo Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Technical Datasheet | Supplied by Cosmenyl Yellow 10G by is a pigment dispersion of approx. 45% pigment and is based on anionic dispersing & wetting agents and glycerine. It is readily pumpable and flowable. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G by is suitable for woodstains. Product Type Color Pigments & Dyes > Organic Pigments Chemical Composition Monoazo CAS Number 6486-23-3 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Pigment Yellow 3 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is a pigment dispersion of approx. 45% pigment and is based on anionic dispersing and wetting agents and glycerine. The Colour Index of the basic pigment is Pigment Yellow 3. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G CI 11710. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G by is a coloring pigment. Available as aqueous pigment preparation. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is used in personal care and cosmetics. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G PIGMENT YELLOW 1 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is a pigment preparation recommended for the coloration of personal care and fabric & home care products. Benefits Readily pumpable and flowable aqueous dispersions Included in at least one of the authorized use lists for cosmetic colorants for the EU, USA or Japan Selected for coloration of toiletries and cosmetics or home and fabric care products in liquid, paste or powder form Microbiological purity specified Cosmenyl Yellow 10G complies with the requirements for cosmetic colorants defined by the European Union Regulation No. 1223/2009. This directive is valid for all countries of the European Union, and it is used as guideline by many other countries. Cosmenyl pigment preparations are recommended for the coloration of personal care products, cosmetics, detergents and cleaners. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is especially recommended for the coloration of soap. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G IUPAC Name copper;(19Z,28Z)-5,6,7,8,14,15,16,17,23,24,25,26,32,34,35-pentadecachloro-2,11,20,29,37,39-hexaza-38,40-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1(37),2,4(9),5,7,10,12(39),13(18),14,16,19,22(27),23,25,28,31(36),32,34-octadecaene Cosmenyl Yellow 10G InChI InChI=1S/C32H3Cl15N8.Cu/c33-2-1-3(34)12(35)5-4(2)25-48-26(5)50-28-8-9(16(39)22(45)21(44)15(8)38)30(52-28)54-32-11-10(17(40)23(46)24(47)18(11)41)31(55-32)53-29-7-6(27(49-25)51-29)13(36)19(42)20(43)14(7)37;/h1,25,29H;/q-2;+2 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G InChI Key BWWFBQOKGNVMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Canonical SMILES C1=C(C2=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)C3=NC2N=C4C5=C(C([N-]4)N=C6C7=C(C(=C(C(=C7Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=N6)N=C8C9=C(C(=C(C(=C9Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=N3)[N-]8)C(=C(C(=C5Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl.[Cu+2] Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Isomeric SMILES C1=C(C2=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)C3=NC2/N=C\4/C5=C(C([N-]4)/N=C\6/C7=C(C(=C(C(=C7Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=N6)N=C8C9=C(C(=C(C(=C9Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=N3)[N-]8)C(=C(C(=C5Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl.[Cu+2] Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Molecular Formula C32H3Cl15CuN8 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G CAS 1328-53-6 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID8025911 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Density[g/cm³] approx. 1.50 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Viscosity[Pa*s] < 1.3 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Average Particle Size[nm] - Cosmenyl Yellow 10G pH Value 8 - 9 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Total Solid approx.[%] - Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Content approx.Pigment [%]48 Water [%]20 Glycol [%]25 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Chemical Class Poly Chlorinated Phthalocyanine Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Odor Odorless Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Physical appearance Green Powder Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Solubility in water Insoluble Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Hazardous Nature Non-Hazardous Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Molecular Weight 1094.7 g/mol Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 5 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Rotatable Bond Count 0 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Exact Mass 1092.501604 g/mol Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Monoisotopic Mass 1086.510455 g/mol Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Topological Polar Surface Area 76.2 Ų Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Heavy Atom Count 56 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Formal Charge 0 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Complexity 1800 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Isotope Atom Count 0 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 2 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 2 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2 Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Cosmenyl Yellow 10G (48%) (and) Aqua (20%) (and) Glycol (25%). Cosmenyl Yellow 10G by is pigment dispersion.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G It is based on glycerine, anionic dispersing and wetting agents.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G It is a readily pumpable and flowable aqueous dispersion.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G It shows good light and alkali fastness. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is used for the coloration of soap, toothpaste and other personal care products.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Complies with the requirements for cosmetic colorants defined by the European Union Regulation No. 1223/2009. Recommended for use in products bearing eco-labels.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is a pigment dispersion of approx. 48% pigment and is based on anionic dispersing and wetting agents and glycerine. The Colour Index of the basic pigment is Cosmenyl Yellow 10G.Benefits:Readily pumpable and flowable aqueous dispersions,Included in at least one of the authorized use lists for cosmetic colorants for the EU, USA or Japan,Selected for coloration of toiletries and cosmetics or home and fabric care products in liquid, paste or powder form,Microbiological purity specified,Recommended for use in products bearing eco-labels.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G complies with the requirements for cosmetic colorants defined by the European Union Regulation No. 1223/2009. This directive is valid for all countries of the European Union, and it is used as guideline by many other countries.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is suitable for stationery, woodstains and latex. It is recommended for the coloration of soap and toothpaste.Cosmenyl pigment preparations are pastes that are recommended for the coloration of personal care products, cosmetics, detergents and cleaners. They are especially recommended for the coloration of bar soap.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G by is a coloring pigment. Available as an aqueous pigment preparation. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is used in personal care and cosmetics.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Manufacturing Methods :(a) Copper phthalocyanine in Sodium chloride and Aluminium chloride hexahydrate low eutectic mixture to Copper (II) chloride dihydrate and Ferric chloride as catalyst, in 180 ~ 200 ℃ with chlorine for chlorinated; Or in molten Phthalic anhydride in chlorinated; Or suspended in the “fluidized bed” in 180 ~ 200 ℃ chlorinated; (b) in the Sulfur dichloride in 150 ~ 175 ℃ and pressure will Copper phthalocyanine heating; (C) change the 4,5,6,7-Tetrachloroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione for 16 Copper phthalocyanine chloride (USP2549842). Most of the goods on average every molecule contains 15 chlorine atom, and according to the method (C), including 16 chlorine atom.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Properties and Applications: brilliant green. Variegated dark green powder. Bright color, good dyeing force. Insoluble in water and general organic solvent. In concentrated sulfuric acid for olive green, green precipitation after dilution.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G The fastness performance is excellent, belongs to the chlorinated copper phthalocyanine do not fade pigment.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Mainly used for paint, ink, plastic, rubber, cultural and educational supplies color, also used in pigment printing.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Reactivity Alerts:none Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Air & Water Reactions:Insoluble in water. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Fire Hazard:Flash point data for this compound are not available; it is probably combustible. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Health Hazard:No information available.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Reactivity Profile:Likely to behave as a weak base in aqueous solution.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Firefighting:Fires involving this compound can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.Non-Fire Response:SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with 5% acetic acid, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 5% acetic acid to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with 5% acetic acid followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Protective Clothing: RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G First Aid: EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G, which has many commercial names, is a synthetic green pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes, a complex of copper(II) with chlorinated phthalocyanine. It is a soft green powder, which is insoluble in water.[1] It is a bright, high intensity colour used in oil and acrylic based artist's paints, and in other applications.Due to its stability, phthalo green is used in inks, coatings, and many plastics. In application it is transparent. Being insoluble, it has no tendency to migrate in the material. It is a standard pigment used in printing ink and packaging industry. It is also allowed in all cosmetics except those used around the eyes. It is used in some tattoos.Good dispersability and strong color strength.Recommended for inks, plastic, paints and textile printing.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is with highly transparent mid shade, high heat resistance and overall properties.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G tinting strength is much lower than phthalocyanine blue.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G fastness properties is much better than phthalocyanine blue.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is the standard green color for plastics, used in polyolefins, engineerring plastic, PP, terylene, acrylic fibers and nylon.Cu,phthalo green, odorless, organic pigment. Shows insolubility in water. Is non-flammable and non-explosive. Used for applications like PVC, rubber, PO, PS, engineering plastics, PP, PET, PA6, PAN spin dyeing and cable.This substance is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, polymers, finger paints and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).This substance is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area in 1 000 - 10 000 tonnes per year.This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.Moreover, our product Cosmenyl Yellow 10G complies with the parameters as described in European Resolution AP (89)/1. It can be used for the Printing Inks for food packaging industries and plastic toys as well. We can manufacture Ethoxylate Free pigments. Some other critical parameters can be maintained within the prescribed limits.. for example, Polychloro Biphenyl Content less than 25 ppm, Hexachloro Benzine Content less than 50 ppm etc. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G (48%) (and) Aqua (20%) (and) Glycol (25%). Cosmenyl Yellow 10G by is pigment dispersion.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G It is based on glycerine, anionic dispersing and wetting agents.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G It is a readily pumpable and flowable aqueous dispersion.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G It shows good light and alkali fastness. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is used for the coloration of soap, toothpaste and other personal care products.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Complies with the requirements for cosmetic colorants defined by the European Union Regulation No. 1223/2009. Recommended for use in products bearing eco-labels.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is a pigment dispersion of approx. 48% pigment and is based on anionic dispersing and wetting agents and glycerine. The Colour Index of the basic pigment is Cosmenyl Yellow 10G.Benefits:Readily pumpable and flowable aqueous dispersions,Included in at least one of the authorized use lists for cosmetic colorants for the EU, USA or Japan,Selected for coloration of toiletries and cosmetics or home and fabric care products in liquid, paste or powder form,Microbiological purity specified,Recommended for use in products bearing eco-labels.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G complies with the requirements for cosmetic colorants defined by the European Union Regulation No. 1223/2009. This directive is valid for all countries of the European Union, and it is used as guideline by many other countries.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is suitable for stationery, woodstains and latex. It is recommended for the coloration of soap and toothpaste.Cosmenyl pigment preparations are pastes that are recommended for the coloration of personal care products, cosmetics, detergents and cleaners. They are especially recommended for the coloration of bar soap.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G by is a coloring pigment. Available as an aqueous pigment preparation. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is used in personal care and cosmetics.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Manufacturing Methods :(a) Copper phthalocyanine in Sodium chloride and Aluminium chloride hexahydrate low eutectic mixture to Copper (II) chloride dihydrate and Ferric chloride as catalyst, in 180 ~ 200 ℃ with chlorine for chlorinated; Or in molten Phthalic anhydride in chlorinated; Or suspended in the “fluidized bed” in 180 ~ 200 ℃ chlorinated; (b) in the Sulfur dichloride in 150 ~ 175 ℃ and pressure will Copper phthalocyanine heating; (C) change the 4,5,6,7-Tetrachloroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione for 16 Copper phthalocyanine chloride (USP2549842). Most of the goods on average every molecule contains 15 chlorine atom, and according to the method (C), including 16 chlorine atom.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Properties and Applications: brilliant green. Variegated dark green powder. Bright color, good dyeing force. Insoluble in water and general organic solvent. In concentrated sulfuric acid for olive green, green precipitation after dilution.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G The fastness performance is excellent, belongs to the chlorinated copper phthalocyanine do not fade pigment.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Mainly used for paint, ink, plastic, rubber, cultural and educational supplies color, also used in pigment printing.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Reactivity Alerts:none Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Air & Water Reactions:Insoluble in water. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Fire Hazard:Flash point data for this compound are not available; it is probably combustible. Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Health Hazard:No information available.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Reactivity Profile:Likely to behave as a weak base in aqueous solution.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Firefighting:Fires involving this compound can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.Non-Fire Response:SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with 5% acetic acid, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 5% acetic acid to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with 5% acetic acid followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G Protective Clothing: RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G First Aid: EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G, which has many commercial names, is a synthetic green pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes, a complex of copper(II) with chlorinated phthalocyanine. It is a soft green powder, which is insoluble in water.[1] It is a bright, high intensity colour used in oil and acrylic based artist's paints, and in other applications.Due to its stability, phthalo green is used in inks, coatings, and many plastics. In application it is transparent. Being insoluble, it has no tendency to migrate in the material. It is a standard pigment used in printing ink and packaging industry. It is also allowed in all cosmetics except those used around the eyes. It is used in some tattoos.Good dispersability and strong color strength.Recommended for inks, plastic, paints and textile printing.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is with highly transparent mid shade, high heat resistance and overall properties.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G tinting strength is much lower than phthalocyanine blue.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G fastness properties is much better than phthalocyanine blue.Cosmenyl Yellow 10G is the standard green color for plastics, used in polyolefins, engineerring plastic, PP, terylene, acrylic fibers and nylon.Cu,phthalo green, odorless, organic pigment. Shows insolubility in water. Is non-flammable and non-explosive. Used for applications like PVC, rubber, PO, PS, engineering plastics, PP, PET, PA6, PAN spin dyeing and cable.This substance is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, polymers, finger paints and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).This substance is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area in 1 000 - 10 000 tonnes per year.This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.Moreover, our product Cosmenyl Yellow 10G complies with the parameters as described in European Resolution AP (89)/1. It can be used for the Printing Inks for food packaging industries and plastic toys as well. We can manufacture Ethoxylate Free pigments. Some other critical parameters can be maintained within the prescribed limits.. for example, Polychloro Biphenyl Content less than 25 ppm, Hexachloro Benzine Content less than 50 ppm etc.
COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is a blend of an ultra-high viscosity Dimethiconol in a low viscosity dimethicone fluid that provides a smooth, non-tacky skin feel.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is Dimethicone (and) Dimethiconol
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH has high viscosity, a smooth feeling and is non-tacky.


CAS Number: 63148-62-9 / 31692-79-2 / 70131-67-8
INCI Names: Dimethiconol and Dimethicone


Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH has a smooth feeling and is non-tacky.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is a popular ingredient for dry skin daily care and sun care protection.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH has high viscosity and provides smooth feeling as well as non-tackiness.


Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is one of several types of silicone oil (polymerized siloxane).
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is a polymer widely used for the fabrication and prototyping of microfluidic chips.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is a mineral-organic polymer (a structure containing carbon and silicon) of the siloxane family (word derived from silicon, oxygen and alkane).


Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are referred to as silicones and is the most widely used silicon-based organic-polymer.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is particularly known for Polydimethylsiloxane's unusual rheological or flow properties.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is optically clear and inert, non-toxic, and non-flammable.


Cosmetic Fluids are silicone compounds containing various combinations of elastomers in a variety of diluents.
These products vary in viscosity, feel, shine, lubricity, and water resistance.
Grades of Cosmetic Fluids are based on solids, diluents, and elastomer derivatives.


These variations give a wide range of characteristics when formulating products.
Cosmetic Fluids has become a popular starting point for hair treatment serums products such as shine, thermal protection, anti-frizz, and color protection products.


Cosmetic Fluids also can be used in gel, cream and lotion products to provide superior rub-in aesthetics and an excellent long-lasting feel.
Cosmetic Fluids can also be used as excellent skin lubricants due to their “non-greasy feel”.
Cosmetic Fluids perform well in conditioners, sun products, antiperspirants, creams, and lotions.


Typically, Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is offered as a mixture with cyclomethicone or dimethicone because dimethiconol, as a raw material with a high molecular weight, is difficult to process.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH feels silky soft and gives a wonderful, non-sticky skin feel.


The shine-enhancing properties are enormous and there is an immediate conditioning effect on the hair.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH also forms water vapor permeable films and not, as is repeatedly claimed, occlusive layers on the skin.
The feeling of protection and increase in water resistance can support this phenomenon, and perhaps the increase in hydrophobicity (as with hydrocarbons) is another reason for this incorrect assumption.


In addition, Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH also gives the formulation additional hydrophobicity, which can be used to bind substances from the environment.
This means that the microfine substances, colloquially known as pollution, can no longer penetrate the surface of the skin and trigger irritating reactions there.



USES and APPLICATIONS of COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH:
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is suitable for use in skincare and sun protection applications.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is a high-viscosity emollient for ease of spreading and long-lasting lubrication with a smooth, non tacky after-feel on the skin.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is widely used in skin slip applications.


Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is an ingredient for dry skin in daily care and sun care.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH also can be used in skin slip applications.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is a popular ingredient for dry skin in daily care and sun care protection.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH has high viscosity skin emollient widely used in skin slip application.


Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH has a smooth feeling and is non-tacky.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is widely used in skin slip applications.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is used in skin-, body- and intimate care products.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is a popular ingredient for dry skin in daily care and sun care protection.


Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH has high viscosity skin emollient widely used in skin slip application.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH used a variety of silicone blends that are suitable for use in haircare, skincare and intimate care applications.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is non-greasy and can help improve spreadability and play time, whilst enhancing silkiness and overall skin feel.


Apart from microfluidics, Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is used as a food additive (E900), in shampoos, and as an anti-foaming agent in beverages or in lubricating oils.
Low–molecular weight Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is a liquid used in lubricants, antifoaming agents, and hydraulic fluids.


-Surfactants and antifoaming agents:
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH is a common surfactant and is a component of defoamers.
Cosmetic Fluid 0515-OH, in a modified form, is used as an herbicide penetrant and is a critical ingredient in water-repelling coatings, such as Rain-X.



FUNCTIONS OF COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH:
*Feel Enhancer
*Moisturizer



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH:
Viscosity: (cSt) 5,000
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.96300 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.40400 @ 20.00 °C.
Flash Point: 600.00 °F. TCC ( 315.56 °C. )
Soluble in: water, 0.002918 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Density : 0.963
Melting point: -50 ºC
Refractive index: 1.403-1.406
Flash point: 300 ºC
Water solubility: PRACTICALLY INSOLUBLE



FIRST AID MEASURES of COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH:
-Description of first aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH:
-Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH:
-Conditions for safe storage:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of COSMETIC FLUID 0515-OH:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
Conditions to avoid:
No data available
-Other decomposition products:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Silicone oil
Silicone fluid
Simethicone
Akvastop
Aeropax


COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is Dimethicone (and) Dimethiconol.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH has silicone skin emollient with water resistance properties.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is one of several types of silicone oil (polymerized siloxane).


CAS Number: 63148-62-9 / 31692-79-2 / 70131-67-8
INCI Names: Dimethiconol and Dimethicone


Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH contains a high molecular weight silicone elastomer in combination with a volatile linear fluid.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH offers smooth application.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is a silicone skin emollient with water resistance properties.


Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is a polymer widely used for the fabrication and prototyping of microfluidic chips.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is a mineral-organic polymer (a structure containing carbon and silicon) of the siloxane family (word derived from silicon, oxygen and alkane).


Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are referred to as silicones and is the most widely used silicon-based organic-polymer.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is particularly known for Polydimethylsiloxane's unusual rheological or flow properties.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is optically clear and inert, non-toxic, and non-flammable.


Cosmetic Fluids are silicone compounds containing various combinations of elastomers in a variety of diluents.
These products vary in viscosity, feel, shine, lubricity, and water resistance.
Grades of Cosmetic Fluids are based on solids, diluents, and elastomer derivatives.


These variations give a wide range of characteristics when formulating products.
Cosmetic Fluids has become a popular starting point for hair treatment serums products such as shine, thermal protection, anti-frizz, and color protection products.


Cosmetic Fluids also can be used in gel, cream and lotion products to provide superior rub-in aesthetics and an excellent long-lasting feel.
Cosmetic Fluids can also be used as excellent skin lubricants due to their “non-greasy feel”.
Cosmetic Fluids perform well in conditioners, sun products, antiperspirants, creams, and lotions.


Typically, Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is offered as a mixture with cyclomethicone or dimethicone because dimethiconol, as a raw material with a high molecular weight, is difficult to process.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH feels silky soft and gives a wonderful, non-sticky skin feel.


The shine-enhancing properties are enormous and there is an immediate conditioning effect on the hair.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH also forms water vapor permeable films and not, as is repeatedly claimed, occlusive layers on the skin.
The feeling of protection and increase in water resistance can support this phenomenon, and perhaps the increase in hydrophobicity (as with hydrocarbons) is another reason for this incorrect assumption.


In addition, Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH also gives the formulation additional hydrophobicity, which can be used to bind substances from the environment.
This means that the microfine substances, colloquially known as pollution, can no longer penetrate the surface of the skin and trigger irritating reactions there.



USES and APPLICATIONS of COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH:
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH has a smooth application and can be incorporated in sunscreens for added water-resistance and dry skin reduction.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH has smooth application.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH can be incorporated in sunscreens for added water resistance and dry skin reduction.


Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is incorporated in sunscreens for added water resistance and dry skin reduction.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is used in skin-, body- and intimate care products.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH provides a lubricious skin feel.


Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH can be combined with commonly used esters, natural oils, hydrocarbons or other silicones for a variety of personal care applications.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH has a smooth application.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH can be incorporated into sunscreens for added water resistance and dry skin reduction.


Apart from microfluidics, Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is used as a food additive (E900), in shampoos, and as an anti-foaming agent in beverages or in lubricating oils.
Low–molecular weight Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is a liquid used in lubricants, antifoaming agents, and hydraulic fluids.


-Surfactants and antifoaming agents:
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH is a common surfactant and is a component of defoamers.
Cosmetic Fluid 1406-OH, in a modified form, is used as an herbicide penetrant and is a critical ingredient in water-repelling coatings, such as Rain-X.



FUNCTION OF COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH:
*Emollient



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.96300 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.40400 @ 20.00 °C.
Flash Point: 600.00 °F. TCC ( 315.56 °C. )
Soluble in: water, 0.002918 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Density: 0.963
Melting point: -50 ºC
Refractive index: 1.403-1.406
Flash point: 300 ºC
Water solubility: PRACTICALLY INSOLUBLE



FIRST AID MEASURES of COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH:
-Description of first aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH:
-Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH:
-Conditions for safe storage:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of COSMETIC FLUID 1406-OH:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
Conditions to avoid:
No data available
-Other decomposition products:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Silicone oil
Silicone fluid
Simethicone
Akvastop
Aeropax


COSMETIC FLUID 8108-OH
Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH contains a high molecular weight dimethiconol elastomer in a combination of highly volatile linear siloxanes.
Furthermore, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can serve as an excellent delivery system for various skin care applications that incorporate active ingredients and cosmeceuticals.
Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH leaves the skin feeling silky smooth and not oily.



APPLICATIONS


Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can serve as an excellent delivery system for various skin care applications that incorporate active ingredients and cosmeceuticals.
Moreover, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH leaves the skin feeling silky smooth and not oily.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH will leave a matte finish and maintains excellent playtime.
Besides, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is a high molecular weight dimethicone elastomer in a combination of volatile linear siloxanes.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH acts as an excellent delivery system for various skin care applications that incorporate active ingredients and cosmeceuticals.
Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH leaves the skin feeling silky smooth and not oily.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH provides matte finish and maintains excellent playtime.
In addition, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is used in color cosmetics, delivery systems and skin- & body care products.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is a type of silicone that works as an excellent skin conditioning emollient.
More to that, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is hydrating to a degree that it forms a layer on the skin to trap the moisture in - all without making the surface greasy.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is widely used in skin care and hair care formulations as it also enhances the texture and makes the products easy to spread.
In its raw form, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH appears as a thick colorless liquid and has a characteristic odor.

Further, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is not soluble in water.
The chemical formula of Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is HO(Si(CH3)2O)nH.


Benefits of Using Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH:

High volatility
Provides water-resistant film
Compatible with other silicones
Contains no cyclic silicones


Other Claimed Benefits of Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH:

Anti-Aging
Mattifying Effect
Smooth Feel
Longer Playtime
Silky Feel
Non-Greasy Feel

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is a unique blend of ultra-high viscosity fluid in a dimethicone base.
Further to that, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH improves substantivity and aesthetics of emulsions, gels, emollients and sticks.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is an excellent skin lubricant.
Additionally, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is used in a wide range of skin care applications.


Some Applications of Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH:

Skin Care:

Lotions
Creams
Gels
Sunscreens


Cosmetics:

Stick and Color Products


OTC Treatment Products:

Anti-aging
Sunscreens,
Analgesics
Anti-fungal


Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is used in cyclic silicone-free volatile delivery system for various skin care applications.
Furthermore, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH maintains excellent playtime and dries to a matte finish.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH contains a high molecular weight dimethiconol elastomer in combination with highly volatile linear siloxanes.
Moreover, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can serve as a delivery system for various skin care applications that incorporate active ingredients and cosmeceuticals.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH also leaves skin feeling smooth and not oily.
Besides, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH provides a matte finish, maintains excellent playtime and is free of D5.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH leaves the skin feeling silky smooth and not oily.
In addition, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH provides matte finish and maintains excellent playtime.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is used in color cosmetics, delivery systems and skin- & body care products.
More to that, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is a Anti-Aging Retinol Serum.


Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH functions as:

Delivery System
Feel Enhancer
Lubricant
Moisturizer


Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is a silicone oil which is widely used in hair care and skin care products, providing lubricous and clear velvet feeling.
Further to that, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH forms a silky film of water resisting on skin and hair, repairing the damaged hair and providing skin with a smooth and dry feel similar to talcum powder.
Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH also helps increase the substantivity of organic ingredients such as ultraviolet absorbers, emollients and moisturizers.


Applications of Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH:

Skin lotion and cream
Make-up foundation
Sunscreen product
Hair conditioner


Benefits and Features of Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH:

Good adhesive ability to the skin, better spread ability, better texture and pearlescent property, compared with dimethicone.
Imparts unique silky and non-oily skin feeling.
Makes good luster and texture.
Improve wet & dry combability, suppleness and manageability of hair.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH also can be used in gel, cream and lotion products to provide superior rub-in aesthetics and an excellent long-lasting feel.
Additionally, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can also be used as excellent skin lubricants due to their “non-greasy feel”.
Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH perform well in conditioners, sun products, antiperspirants, creams, and lotions.

Because of its textural and occlusive properties, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is often used in gel creams and serums.
Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH’s occlusive properties can also protect the skin from external allergens and pollutants.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH has multiple uses in the personal care and cosmetic industry.
Furthermore, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can be found in products like moisturizers and shampoos.


Skin care:

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH adds deep hydration properties to skin.
Moreover, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH reduces the visible signs of aging on the skin without feeling too heavy.
Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH also forms a protective barrier on the surface and leaves the skin smooth and silky.


Hair care:

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is added to hair care products because of its excellent moisturizing and conditioning properties.
Besides, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is also anti static and leaves the shafts healthier and bouncier.
Additionally, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is light and non greasy so it is great for the hair


Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH contains a high molecular weight dimethiconol elastomer in a combination of highly volatile linear siloxanes.
In addition, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can serve as an excellent delivery system for various skin care applications that incorporate active ingredients and cosmeceuticals.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH leaves the skin feeling silky smooth and not oily.
More to that, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH will leave a matte finish and maintains excellent playtime.



DESCRIPTION


Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH contains a high molecular weight dimethiconol elastomer in a combination of highly volatile linear siloxanes.
Further to that, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH contains a high molecular weight dimethiconol elastomer in a combination of highly volatile linear siloxanes.
Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can serve as an excellent delivery system for various skin care applications that incorporate active ingredients and cosmeceuticals.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH leaves the skin feeling silky smooth and not oily.
Additionally, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH will leave a matte finish and maintains excellent playtime.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH belongs to a class of silicone-based polymers similar to dimethicone in their chemical structure save that molecules of dimethiconol end with hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
Furthermore, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is used in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products such as suntan lotion and lipstick where it works as an emollient, a film-former, an antistatic agent and an anti-foaming agent, among other uses.
Like other silicone-based liquids, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is not water soluble.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH contains a high molecular weight dimethiconol elastomer in a combination of highly volatile linear siloxanes.
Moreover, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can serve as an excellent delivery system for various skin care applications that incorporate active ingredients and cosmeceuticals.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH leaves the skin feeling silky smooth and not oily.
Besides, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH will leave a matte finish and maintains excellent playtime.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is basically a type of silicone.
Chemically speaking, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is a silicone polymer (Spey calls it a silicone gum), and is basically dimethicone with a hydroxyl group on both ends of the molecule.
Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can be a good petrolatum alternative and is also great in formulas for those with oilier skin textures.

In layman’s terms, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is a really useful ingredient that can improve the texture of a product by giving it some lightweight slip.
Because the molecule itself is on the larger side, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH works best when diluted within a smaller silicone molecule.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is common in hair products as a way of conditioning and imparting shine, but Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH isn’t just great in terms of improving the sensorial experience—it’s a great product to improve the overall health of your skin.
In addition, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is a silicone-based liquid polymer that works as a skin-conditioning agent (emollient) and antifoaming agent in cosmetic formulas.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH multitasks by helping lubricate skin’s surface (without feeling greasy) to enhance hydration, while modifying the formula’s texture for a more pleasant consistency.
More to that, Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH can also be used in hair care products as a conditioning agent and is sometimes included in hair dyes to help the colour resist wash out.

Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH is often combined with other compounds and molecules to form derivatives such as dimethiconol arginine, dimethiconol beeswax, dimethiconol cysteine, and dimethiconol meadowfoamate—each with their own distinctive properties and functions.
In 2017, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel analysed relevant data regarding Cosmetic Fluid 8108-OH and concluded it is a safe cosmetic ingredient.
Their report looked at personal care products containing amounts between 0.004-36%.



PROPERTIES


Boiling point: 182 °C
Density: 0.98 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.406
Flash point: 155 °F



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Product safety information required for safe use is not included.
Before handling, read product and Safety Data Sheets and container labels for safe use, physical and health hazard information.
Avoid static electricity by using properly grounded equipment.


Store below 25°C (77°F) in a dry place away from all sources of ignition.
Store in tightly closed containers.

Avoid direct of prolonged contact with skin and eyes.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the work area.
Storage and transfer under inert gas is recommended.



SYNONYMS

Dimethicone
Dimethiconol
Trisiloxane
COSMETIC GRADE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC)

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a specific form of carboxymethyl cellulose that is refined and purified to meet the standards and regulations for use in cosmetic products.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose derivative produced by the reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid.

CAS Number: 9004-32-4
EC Number: 618-378-6

Synonyms: Carboxymethylcellulose, CMC, Cellulose gum, Cellulose, carboxymethyl ether, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Sodium CMC, Cellulose, carboxymethyl ether, sodium salt, Carmellose, Carmellose sodium, E466, E466 (additive), CMC sodium, Sodium cellulose glycolate, Blanose, Akucell, Aquaplast, Clarcel, Cellulose glycolic acid, Tylose C, Cellogen, Cellofas, Finnfix, Nymcel, Cekol, Aqualon, Cellulose, 2-(carboxymethoxy)-, sodium salt, Carbose, Methocel, Nymcel ZSB 10, CMC-Na, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, Cellulose methyl ether, Sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, Sodium cellulose glycolate, Carboxymethyl ether of cellulose, Sodium carboxymethyl ether, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, Carmalose sodium, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium CMC gum, Aqualon CMC, Blanose cellulose gum, Cellulose, 2-(carboxymethoxy)-, sodium salt, Tylose, Akucell AF 3265, CLD CMC, Cologel, Lamitex, Mellojel, Sodium carmellose, Supercol, Terlite, Ac-Di-Sol, Agrimerica CMC, Expandex, Kolaton, Nacolate, Proflo



APPLICATIONS


Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used as a thickener in cosmetics, giving creams and lotions a smooth, desirable texture.
In the food industry, CMC stabilizes ice cream by preventing ice crystal formation.
Toothpaste formulations often include CMC to maintain a consistent, creamy texture.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a binder in tablet formulations in the pharmaceutical industry.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) acts as a suspending agent in liquid medicines, ensuring even distribution of active ingredients.
In the paper industry, CMC improves the strength and printability of paper products.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in textile printing pastes as a thickener to ensure precise and even application.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is an ingredient in drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry, helping to stabilize boreholes.

In construction, CMC is added to cement and mortar to improve workability and water retention.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) enhances the texture and stability of processed foods like sauces and dressings.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in bioprinting as a component of bioinks, supporting cell growth and structure formation.
Wound dressings may contain CMC for its gel-forming properties and moisture retention.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the production of pencils and crayons for its excellent binding properties.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a key ingredient in some fire-fighting foams, providing stable and effective foam formation.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) helps control the viscosity of paints and coatings, improving application and finish.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) acts as a film-forming agent in hair gels, providing hold and texture.
In dairy products, CMC stabilizes yogurt and milkshakes, preventing ingredient separation.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in detergents as a soil suspension agent, preventing redeposition of dirt on fabrics.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is an additive in battery pastes, improving the performance and stability of batteries.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in air freshener gels, helping to maintain a consistent gel structure.

In the production of ceramic tiles, CMC acts as a binder and plasticizer, improving the quality of the final product.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to personal care wipes to enhance their moisture retention and texture.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the formulation of water-based adhesives, improving viscosity and adhesion.
In pet food, CMC improves the texture and consistency of wet and semi-moist products.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)is used in agricultural sprays to enhance the adherence of pesticides and fertilizers to plant surfaces.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the mining industry as a flotation agent to improve the recovery of minerals.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is an ingredient in some biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, due to its biocompatibility.
In the production of water-based inks, CMC acts as a viscosity modifier, ensuring smooth printing.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in oral care products like mouthwashes to improve texture and stability.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to sauces and gravies in the food industry to enhance mouthfeel and prevent separation.

In agriculture, CMC is used as a soil conditioning agent to improve water retention and soil structure.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a component in the manufacture of chewing gum, providing elasticity and texture.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the production of wallpaper adhesives, ensuring strong and durable adhesion.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) helps control the consistency of pharmaceutical syrups, making them easier to swallow.
In fermentation processes, CMC is used to stabilize cultures and improve yield.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is included in some types of dietary supplements as a stabilizer and binder.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in water treatment processes to aid in the flocculation and removal of suspended particles.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the cosmetics industry in facial masks to provide a smooth, spreadable consistency.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) acts as a stabilizer in salad dressings, preventing oil and vinegar from separating.
In the textile industry, CMC is used as a sizing agent to impart strength and smoothness to fibers.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a key ingredient in gel-based air fresheners, maintaining their structure and prolonging fragrance release.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the manufacture of paper towels and tissues to improve absorbency and strength.
In pharmaceuticals, CMC is used in controlled-release formulations to regulate the release of active ingredients.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the production of film coatings for tablets, providing a protective and aesthetically pleasing finish.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to liquid detergents to enhance stability and prevent phase separation.

In the dairy industry, CMC is used to improve the texture and stability of cheese spreads and processed cheese.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the production of meat analogs and vegetarian products to improve texture and binding.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used as a binder and film-former in the production of paper-based batteries.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the ceramics industry as a binder to improve the strength and workability of ceramic bodies.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the formulation of herbal and nutraceutical products to enhance texture and stability.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) enhances the shelf life of products by preventing the separation of ingredients in emulsions.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can be used to create stable foams in various applications, including fire-fighting foams.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is also used in the textile industry as a thickener for textile printing pastes.
The viscosity of CMC solutions can be adjusted by varying the concentration and degree of substitution.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the oil and gas industry as a component of drilling mud to stabilize boreholes.
In the construction industry, CMC is an additive in cement and mortar to improve workability and water retention.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has excellent binding properties, making it useful in the production of pencils and crayons.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a key ingredient in some bioprinting applications, where it serves as a bioink component.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can help control crystal growth in ice cream, improving its texture and stability.

Its ability to form gels and films makes CMC useful in wound dressings and medical applications.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is available in various grades, each tailored for specific applications and performance requirements.



DESCRIPTION


Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a specific form of carboxymethyl cellulose that is refined and purified to meet the standards and regulations for use in cosmetic products.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose derivative produced by the reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is widely used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, due to its versatile properties.

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is commonly used as a thickening agent in various cosmetic and personal care products.

In the food industry, CMC serves as a stabilizer and emulsifier, enhancing the texture of processed foods.
The chemical formula for CMC is C6H7O2(OH)2OCH2COONa.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is produced by the reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid in an alkaline medium.

One of the primary applications of CMC in pharmaceuticals is as a binder in tablet formulations.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is widely used in the production of toothpaste, where it helps maintain a consistent texture.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can form a film on the skin, providing a smooth, moisturizing effect in skincare products.

The degree of substitution (DS) in CMC indicates the average number of carboxymethyl groups per glucose unit.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is highly purified to ensure safety and efficacy in personal care products.
Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, making it a popular choice for eco-conscious formulations.
In the paper industry, CMC is used to improve the strength and printability of paper.

Cosmetic grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) acts as a suspending agent in liquid pharmaceuticals, ensuring uniform distribution of active ingredients.
Due to its non-toxic nature, CMC is approved for use in food and pharmaceuticals by regulatory bodies like the FDA.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White to off-white powder or granules.
Solubility: Soluble in water; forms a clear or slightly opalescent solution. Insoluble in organic solvents.
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Tasteless.
Density: Typically around 0.5-0.7 g/cm³ for the powder form.
Viscosity: Varies depending on the molecular weight and degree of substitution; can range from a few centipoises (cP) to several thousand cP for a 1% solution at 25°C.
pH: Usually between 6.5 and 8.5 for a 1% aqueous solution.
Particle Size: Fine powder with particle size typically around 80-100 mesh.
Moisture Content: Generally less than 10% for most commercial grades.
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the air.
Ash Content: Typically less than 1%.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C6H7O2(OH)2OCH2COONa.
Molecular Weight: Varies depending on the degree of polymerization and substitution; typically ranges from 90,000 to 700,000 g/mol.
Degree of Substitution (DS): Typically between 0.6 and 0.95 (indicates the average number of carboxymethyl groups per glucose unit).
Functional Groups: Hydroxyl (-OH), carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH), and ether (R-O-R).
Thermal Stability: Decomposes upon heating above 200°C.
pKa: Around 4.3 for the carboxyl groups.
Reactivity: Reacts with acids to form free carboxymethyl cellulose; reacts with metal ions to form insoluble salts.
Ionic Nature: Anionic due to the presence of carboxylate groups.
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of other water-soluble polymers and surfactants.
Biodegradability: Biodegradable under aerobic conditions.



FIRST AID


1. Inhalation

Immediate Actions:
If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately.
Ensure the individual is in a position that facilitates breathing, such as sitting up or lying down with their head elevated.

Observation:
Observe for any signs of respiratory distress or irritation, such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or chest tightness.

If Symptoms Persist:
Seek medical attention if the individual experiences persistent symptoms or if symptoms worsen.


2. Skin Contact

Immediate Actions:
If CMC comes into contact with the skin, remove any contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.

Observation:
Check for signs of skin irritation, such as redness, itching, or a rash.

If Irritation Persists:
If skin irritation continues or if there are signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical advice.


3. Eye Contact

Immediate Actions:
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of lukewarm water.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing of the eyes.
Continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes.

Observation:
Check for signs of eye irritation, such as redness, pain, tearing, or blurred vision.

If Symptoms Persist:
If irritation continues or vision is affected, seek immediate medical attention.
Avoid rubbing the eyes to prevent further damage.


4. Ingestion

Immediate Actions:
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a medical professional.
Rinse the mouth with water to remove any residual substance.

Observation:
Observe for any symptoms of discomfort or illness, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.

If Symptoms Occur:
Seek medical attention if any adverse symptoms develop or if a large amount of CMC has been ingested.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Respiratory Protection:
Use a dust mask or respirator if there is a risk of inhaling CMC dust, especially in poorly ventilated areas.

Skin Protection:
Wear appropriate protective gloves and clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eye Protection:
Use safety goggles or a face shield to protect eyes from dust or splashes.


2. Handling Precautions

Avoid Dust Generation:
Handle CMC in a manner that minimizes dust generation.
Use dust extraction systems or local exhaust ventilation to capture dust at the source.

Avoid Inhalation and Contact:
Do not inhale dust. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Wash thoroughly after handling.

Workplace Hygiene:
Maintain good personal hygiene. Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where CMC is handled or processed.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill Handling:
In case of spills, avoid dry sweeping.
Use wet methods or vacuum with HEPA filtration to clean up. Dispose of cleanup materials properly.


3. Safe Handling Practices

Training:
Ensure all personnel handling CMC are trained in proper handling techniques and understand the potential hazards.

Handling Equipment:
Use equipment that is suitable for handling powders, such as closed systems or conveyors, to minimize dust exposure.

Labeling and Signage:
Clearly label all containers of CMC and use appropriate signage to indicate areas where CMC is handled.


Storage

1. Storage Conditions

Temperature:
Store CMC in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Ideal storage temperatures are typically between 15°C and 25°C (59°F and 77°F).

Humidity:
Store in a dry environment to prevent moisture absorption, which can cause clumping and affect the product's performance.

Containers:
Keep CMC in tightly sealed containers to protect it from moisture and contamination.
Use original packaging or containers made of materials that prevent moisture ingress.


2. Segregation

Incompatibles:
Store away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases to prevent chemical reactions.
Avoid storing near materials that could be contaminated by CMC dust.

Segregated Storage:
If possible, store CMC in a designated area separate from other chemicals, especially those that could react with it.


3. Storage Area Management

Ventilation:
Ensure the storage area is well-ventilated to prevent the buildup of dust.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.

Housekeeping:
Keep the storage area clean and free of dust accumulation.
Regularly inspect storage conditions and containers for signs of damage or leaks.

Pest Control:
Implement pest control measures to prevent contamination from insects or rodents.


4. Emergency Preparedness

Spill Response:
Have materials and equipment ready for spill response, including vacuum systems, damp cloths, and disposal bags.

Fire Safety:
Although CMC is not highly flammable, keep fire extinguishing equipment readily available.
Use extinguishing media suitable for surrounding materials in case of fire.

Emergency Contacts:
Maintain a list of emergency contacts and procedures in the storage area, including local fire departments and hazardous materials response teams.


5. Inventory Management

Stock Rotation:
Practice first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory management to ensure older stock is used before newer stock, maintaining product quality.

Inspection:
Regularly inspect inventory for signs of degradation or contamination
Dispose of any compromised material according to local regulations.

Documentation:
Keep detailed records of CMC inventory, including quantities, storage conditions, and handling incidents.
COSMETIC GRADE SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC)

Cosmetic grade sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a refined form of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose specifically designed for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
This grade meets stringent purity and quality standards to ensure it is safe and effective for application on skin, hair, and other parts of the body.

CAS Number: 9004-32-4
EC Number: 618-378-6

Synonyms: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC, Sodium CMC, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, Cellulose gum, Cellulose, carboxymethyl ether, Sodium cellulose glycolate, Sodium carboxymethyl ether, Carboxymethyl ether of cellulose, Carmellose sodium, Carmellose, E466, E466 (additive), CMC sodium, Sodium carmellose, Cellulose methyl ether, Sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, Carmalose sodium, Sodium CMC gum, Aqualon CMC, CMC-Na, CMC, Na, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose gum, Sodium cellulose glycolate, Cellulose, 2-(carboxymethoxy)-, sodium salt, Carbose, Methocel, Tylose, Tylose C, Akucell, Aquaplast, Clarcel, Cellogen, Nymcel, Cekol, Aqualon, Akucell AF 3265, CLD CMC, Cellofas, Finnfix, Nymcel ZSB 10, Cellulose, 2-(carboxymethoxy)-, sodium salt, Blanose, Proflo, Supercol, Terlite, Mellojel, Lamitex, Kolaton, Expandex, Agrimerica CMC



APPLICATIONS


Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is extensively used in the food industry as a thickener and stabilizer.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is commonly added to dairy products such as yogurt and ice cream to improve texture and prevent syneresis.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a key ingredient in bakery products like bread and cakes, enhancing their shelf life and crumb structure.
In the beverage industry, CMC is utilized in fruit juices and soft drinks to maintain suspension and prevent settling of particles.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder in tablet formulations, ensuring the cohesive integrity of the tablets.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash to provide viscosity and stabilize formulations.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in personal care products such as lotions, creams, and shampoos as a thickening agent for improved consistency.
In the textile industry, CMC is utilized as a sizing agent to add strength and stiffness to yarns and fabrics.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a mud additive in the oil and gas industry, aiding in borehole stabilization and fluid loss control during drilling operations.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the paper industry as a surface sizing agent to improve paper strength and printability.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to detergents and cleaning products to enhance their viscosity and stabilize formulations.

In the construction industry, CMC is utilized in cement and mortar formulations to improve workability and water retention.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in ceramic processing as a binder to improve the green strength and machinability of ceramic bodies.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a common ingredient in adhesives and glues, providing viscosity and tackiness for bonding applications.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the cosmetics industry in formulations such as mascaras and creams to improve texture and stability.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the manufacture of paints and coatings to provide thickening and suspension properties.

In the textile printing industry, CMC is used as a thickener for dye pastes to improve print definition and color yield.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to pet foods to improve texture and stabilize emulsions, ensuring uniform distribution of nutrients.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the pharmaceutical industry as a suspending agent in liquid dosage forms to prevent sedimentation.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in agricultural formulations such as herbicides and pesticides to enhance spray adhesion and coverage on plant surfaces.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the production of batteries as a binder for electrode materials, improving battery performance and stability.
In the construction industry, CMC is used in gypsum-based products to improve workability and reduce cracking.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the manufacture of latex paints to provide stability and prevent settling of pigments.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to fire-fighting foams to improve stability and effectiveness in extinguishing fires.
In the textile industry, CMC is used as a warp sizing agent to add strength and abrasion resistance to yarns during weaving.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the production of ceramics as a binder and plasticizer to improve molding and shaping properties.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to petrochemical drilling fluids to control fluid loss and improve rheological properties.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the manufacture of detergents and cleaning products as a soil suspension agent to prevent re-deposition of dirt on fabrics.
In the textile industry, CMC is applied as a sizing agent in warp sizing to improve yarn strength and reduce breakage during weaving.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the formulation of cosmetic and personal care wipes to enhance moisture retention and texture.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the construction industry as a thickening agent in gypsum-based joint compounds and plasters.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the production of latex adhesives to improve adhesion and viscosity.
In the agricultural sector, CMC is added to seed coatings to enhance flowability and adhesion of seed treatments.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the manufacturing of ceramic glazes to improve suspension and reduce settling of pigments.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the formulation of inkjet printing inks to improve print quality and stability.

In the paint and coatings industry, CMC is added to water-based formulations to provide viscosity control and stabilization.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the production of biodegradable films and coatings for packaging materials.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the production of dietary supplements as a binder for tablet and capsule formulations.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to textile finishing formulations to impart wrinkle resistance and crease recovery properties.

In the mining industry, CMC is used as a flocculant in mineral processing to improve solid-liquid separation.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the production of rubber and latex products to improve processing and mechanical properties.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the manufacturing of wallpaper adhesives to improve adhesion and workability.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the formulation of ceramic bodies to improve green strength and reduce cracking.

In the oilfield industry, CMC is added to drilling fluids to improve fluid loss control and hole stability.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the production of ceramic tiles to improve workability and reduce breakage during firing.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to hair styling products such as gels and mousses to provide hold and control.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the formulation of water-based lubricants and greases to improve viscosity and stability.

In the pharmaceutical industry, CMC is used as a suspending agent in liquid dosage forms to ensure uniform distribution of active ingredients.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the production of battery separators to improve electrolyte retention and ion conductivity.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the formulation of dietary fiber supplements to improve solubility and ease of consumption.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the textile industry as a sizing agent to improve fabric strength and smoothness.
In construction, CMC is added to cement and mortar to improve workability and water retention.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a key ingredient in fire-fighting foams, providing stable foam formation for extinguishing fires.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is anionic due to the presence of carboxylate groups, making it compatible with many positively charged additives.

Cosmetic formulations often contain CMC to improve texture, stability, and overall performance.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is important to handle CMC with care to minimize dust generation and potential inhalation exposure.

Proper storage conditions are essential to maintain the quality and performance of CMC over time.
With its myriad of applications and versatile properties, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose plays a vital role in numerous industries worldwide.



DESCRIPTION


Cosmetic grade sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a refined form of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose specifically designed for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
This grade meets stringent purity and quality standards to ensure it is safe and effective for application on skin, hair, and other parts of the body.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a versatile water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is widely used in various industries for its thickening, stabilizing, and binding properties.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a white to off-white powder or granules with a wide range of applications.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is odorless and tasteless, making it suitable for use in food and pharmaceutical formulations.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) forms clear or slightly opalescent solutions when dissolved in water.
With its ability to modify viscosity, CMC serves as a key ingredient in many liquid and semi-solid formulations.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) acts as a stabilizer in emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is commonly found in personal care products such as lotions, creams, and shampoos for its thickening effect.
In the food industry, CMC enhances the texture and stability of sauces, dressings, and dairy products.
Pharmaceutical tablets often contain CMC as a binder to hold the active ingredients together.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, making it a preferred choice in eco-conscious formulations.
Its film-forming properties make CMC useful in wound dressings and medical applications.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can suspend insoluble particles in liquid formulations, ensuring even distribution of ingredients.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is compatible with a wide range of other additives, including surfactants and polymers.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions exhibit shear-thinning behavior, making them easy to handle and apply.

Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has a moderate to high viscosity depending on concentration and molecular weight.
Cosmetic grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is stable over a wide pH range, typically between 6.5 and 8.5 in aqueous solutions.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White to off-white powder or granules.
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Tasteless.
Solubility: Soluble in water, forming a clear or slightly opalescent solution. Insoluble in organic solvents.
Density: Typically around 0.5-0.7 g/cm³ for the powder form.
Viscosity: Varies depending on the molecular weight and degree of substitution; can range from a few centipoises (cP) to several thousand cP for a 1% solution at 25°C.
pH: Usually between 6.5 and 8.5 for a 1% aqueous solution.
Particle Size: Fine powder with particle size typically around 80-100 mesh.
Moisture Content: Generally less than 10% for most commercial grades.
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the air.
Ash Content: Typically less than 1%.


Chemical Properties:

CAS Number: 9004-32-4
EC Number: 618-378-6
Degree of Substitution (DS): Typically between 0.6 and 0.95 (indicates the average number of carboxymethyl groups per glucose unit).
Functional Groups: Hydroxyl (-OH), carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH), and ether (R-O-R).
Thermal Stability: Decomposes upon heating above 200°C.
pKa: Around 4.3 for the carboxyl groups.
Reactivity: Reacts with acids to form free carboxymethyl cellulose; reacts with metal ions to form insoluble salts.
Ionic Nature: Anionic due to the presence of carboxylate groups.
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of other water-soluble polymers and surfactants.
Biodegradability: Biodegradable under aerobic conditions.



FIRST AID


1. Inhalation

Immediate Actions:
If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.

Assessment:
Assess the individual's breathing. If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention promptly.

Support:
If breathing has stopped or is labored, administer artificial respiration and seek medical assistance immediately.


2. Skin Contact

Immediate Actions:
Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected skin with plenty of water.

Washing:
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Observation:
Monitor for signs of irritation or allergic reactions such as redness, itching, or rash.

Medical Attention:
Seek medical advice if irritation persists or if symptoms worsen.


3. Eye Contact

Immediate Actions:
Flush eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

Eyelid Assistance:
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing of the eyes.

Removal of Contact Lenses:
If wearing contact lenses, remove them after the initial flushing and continue rinsing.

Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists or if there are signs of injury to the eyes.


4. Ingestion

Immediate Actions:
If ingested, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Medical Attention:
Seek medical advice immediately and provide information about the substance ingested.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Respiratory Protection:
Use appropriate respiratory protection (e.g., dust mask) if handling CMC in dusty environments or where airborne exposure is possible.

Skin Protection:
Wear protective gloves, clothing, and footwear to prevent skin contact.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shield to protect eyes from potential splashes or dust.


2. Handling Practices

Minimize Dust:
Avoid generating dust by handling CMC carefully and using dust control measures such as local exhaust ventilation or wet methods.

Avoid Direct Contact:
Minimize direct skin contact with CMC. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Do Not Eat, Drink, or Smoke:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while handling CMC to prevent accidental ingestion.

Work Area Hygiene:
Maintain good housekeeping practices in work areas to prevent the accumulation of dust and spills.


3. Equipment and Tools

Use Suitable Equipment:
Use appropriate handling equipment (e.g., scoops, shovels) to transfer CMC to minimize dust generation.

Cleaning Equipment:
Clean handling equipment regularly to prevent cross-contamination.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers of CMC with product information and handling precautions.


Storage

1. Storage Conditions

Temperature:
Store CMC in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight.

Humidity Control:
Maintain humidity levels to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect the quality and flow properties of CMC.

Avoid Contamination:
Store CMC away from incompatible materials, such as acids, oxidizing agents, and strong bases.

Segregation:
Separate CMC from food, feed, and other materials to prevent contamination.


2. Container Handling

Original Packaging:
Store CMC in its original packaging or in suitable containers that are tightly sealed to prevent moisture ingress.

Avoid Damage:
Handle containers carefully to prevent damage that could lead to spills or contamination.

Check Integrity:
Regularly inspect containers for signs of damage or leaks. Dispose of damaged containers appropriately.


3. Special Considerations

Bulk Storage:
If storing CMC in bulk quantities, use appropriate storage facilities equipped with dust control measures and fire protection systems.

Temperature Control:
Monitor storage temperatures to prevent exposure to extreme heat or cold, which could affect product stability.

Emergency Response:
Have spill response procedures and cleanup materials readily available in case of accidental spills or releases.


Transportation

Packaging:
Ensure CMC is properly packaged and labeled according to regulatory requirements for transportation.

Secure Load:
Secure containers during transportation to prevent shifting or damage.

Compliance:
Adhere to transportation regulations and guidelines for the safe handling and transport of CMC.


Waste Management

Disposal:
Dispose of CMC and its packaging in accordance with local regulations and guidelines for hazardous waste disposal.

Recycling:
Where possible, recycle empty containers and packaging materials according to applicable recycling programs.

COTTON OIL FATTY ACID
cas no 61788-60-1 Fatty acids, cottonseed-oil, Me esters; cotton seed fatty acids, methyl esters;
COTTONSEED ACID
CARAMEL, N° CAS : 8028-89-5 - Caramel (colorant), Autres langues : Caramel (dye), Caramello (colorante), Caramelo (tinte), Karamell (Farbstoff), Nom INCI : CARAMEL, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-435-9, Additif alimentaire : E150, Colorant cosmétique : Colore les cosmétiques et/ou confère une couleur à la peau, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Noms français :CARAMEL; Couleur caramel. Noms anglais : BURNT SUGAR; BURNT SUGAR COLORING; CARAMEL (COLOR); Caramel color; CARAMEL COLOUR; Utilisation: Additif alimentaire (colorant); Burnt sugar coloring; BC 420 (Color); C.I. Natural Brown 10; Caramel color dye; Caramel color dye; Natural brown 10; 3,5-dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione; Couleur caramel
Couleur caramel (Caramel (colorant))
COUMARIN N° CAS : 91-64-5 - Coumarine Origine(s) : Naturelle, Synthétique Autres langues : Cumarin, Cumarina Nom INCI : COUMARIN Nom chimique : Coumarin; 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-086-7, Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques
Coumarine
Potassium hydrogen tartrate; [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-dihydroxy-Butanedioic acid, monopotassium salt; Cream; cream of tartar; L(+)-Potassium hydrogen tartrate; Monopotassium tartrate; Potassium acid tartrate; Potassium Hydrogentartrate; Tartaric acid, monopotassium salt CAS NO:868-14-4
CREATINE
o-TOLYL GLYCIDYL ETHER; 2-methylphenoxy)methyl)oxirane; o-Cresyl glycidyl ether; 1-(2-methylphenoxy)-2,3-epoxypropane; (o-Tolyl epoxypropyl ether; 2,3-Epoxipropil o-tolil éter; Oxyde de 2,3-époxypropyle et de o-tolyle CAS NO:2210-79-9
CREMERCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATE)

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, often referred to as CremerCOOR ALB C12-15, is a chemical compound used in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is an ester derived from benzoic acid and a mixture of synthetic fatty alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from C12 to C15.
The specific mixture of alkyl groups in the compound gives it the name CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate).

CAS Number: 68411-27-8
EC Number: 270-112-4

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APPLICATIONS


CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is commonly used in the formulation of sunscreens, providing a lightweight and non-greasy base for effective sun protection.
In skincare products such as lotions and creams, it acts as an emollient, contributing to a smooth and soft feel on the skin.
Its compatibility with various cosmetic oils makes it a versatile ingredient in the creation of serums, aiding in easy absorption.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) finds application in hair care products like conditioners, imparting a luxurious and conditioning texture to the hair.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is utilized in makeup formulations, ensuring even application and blending of pigments in foundations and concealers.
Due to its non-comedogenic nature, it is often included in facial care products to provide moisturization without clogging pores.
In hair masks, CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) enhances the spreadability and absorption of nourishing ingredients for revitalized and conditioned hair.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is found in natural and organic product lines, aligning with clean beauty trends and eco-conscious formulations.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) serves as a plasticizer for polymers, contributing to the flexibility and resilience of certain cosmetic formulations.

As a solvent, it aids in the dissolution and incorporation of various cosmetic ingredients, improving the overall formulation's stability.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is used in the creation of lightweight and easily absorbed facial serums, targeting specific skincare concerns.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) contributes to the smooth and non-greasy texture of hand creams, providing moisturization without a heavy feel.
Its emollient properties make it suitable for use in baby care products, including gentle lotions and creams for delicate skin.
In bath oils, CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) enhances the bathing experience by providing a silky and moisturizing feel to the skin.
The compound is incorporated into makeup setting sprays, helping set makeup without compromising its appearance.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is used in the formulation of anti-aging creams, contributing to the overall texture and efficacy of these products.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is present in natural and organic foundations, improving the spreadability and blendability of pigments for a seamless finish.

In natural and organic facial cleansers, it aids in the removal of impurities while maintaining a gentle and non-drying effect on the skin.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is included in natural and organic mascaras, contributing to a clump-free and conditioning formula for lashes.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) finds application in the creation of lip glosses, providing a smooth and glossy texture for the lips.
Its compatibility with various cosmetic formulations makes it a versatile ingredient in the production of fragrance oils.
In natural and organic body lotions, it imparts a non-greasy finish while effectively moisturizing the skin.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is utilized in the formulation of natural and organic deodorants, enhancing the glide and comfort during application.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is found in the creation of natural and organic hair mists, enhancing shine and manageability.
Its inclusion in tattoo inks may contribute to improved pigment dispersion and application.

In the production of body scrubs, CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) aids in creating formulations that exfoliate and moisturize the skin.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is used in natural and organic night creams, contributing to the skin-conditioning and rejuvenating effects during overnight use.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) finds application in the creation of natural and organic lip serums, providing hydration and a smooth feel to the lips.

In the formulation of natural and organic eye creams, it contributes to a smoother application and improved skin texture around the eyes.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is employed in the creation of natural and organic hair conditioners, enhancing hair texture and manageability.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) plays a role in natural and organic blush formulations, contributing to a seamless and blendable application on the cheeks.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is found in natural and organic body washes, contributing to a luxurious lather and skin-conditioning properties.
In natural and organic body scrubs, it enhances the exfoliating and moisturizing effects on the skin.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is utilized in the production of natural and organic mascaras, contributing to a clump-free and conditioning formula.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) finds application in the creation of natural and organic lip scrubs, aiding in exfoliation and smoothing of the lips.

In natural and organic deodorant formulations, it enhances glide and comfort during application while maintaining natural ingredients.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is used in the formulation of natural and organic eyebrow pencils, aiding in the smooth application and blending of color.
In the production of natural and organic bath salts, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate contributes to the dispersion of fragrance and moisturizing effects.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is included in natural and organic body mists, providing a lightweight and non-greasy texture for a refreshing application.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is found in the creation of natural and organic hand sanitizers, counteracting the drying effects of alcohol on the skin.
In the formulation of natural and organic dry shampoos, it provides a non-greasy and refreshing option for hair cleansing.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is utilized in the production of natural and organic solid perfumes, ensuring a smooth and easily applicable consistency.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is present in natural and organic acne treatment products, delivering active ingredients without causing excessive dryness.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is employed in the formulation of natural and organic cuticle oils, contributing to the nourishment of cuticles.
In the production of natural and organic cuticle conditioners, it aids in maintaining healthy and hydrated cuticles.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is used in natural and organic eyebrow pomades, ensuring a smooth application and long-lasting color.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is found in natural and organic packaging, contributing to the overall formulation's stability and shelf life.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) plays a role in the creation of natural and organic fragrance-enhancing lotions, ensuring a long-lasting scent.
In the formulation of natural and organic baby care products, it provides gentle moisturization for delicate baby skin.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is utilized in the production of natural and organic massage oils, enhancing the glide and skin-conditioning properties during massages.

In natural and organic facial masks, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate contributes to a smooth and easy-to-remove texture.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is used in natural and organic cuticle creams, providing intensive conditioning for nails and cuticles.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is employed in the formulation of natural and organic beard oils, offering conditioning benefits for facial hair and skin.
In the production of natural and organic foot creams, it aids in softening rough skin and providing moisture.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) finds application in natural and organic body butter formulations, ensuring a rich and creamy texture for deep hydration.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is used in natural and organic hand masks, contributing to the overall moisturizing and nourishing effects.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is present in natural and organic sunscreen lotions, aiding in even coverage and smooth application.
In the creation of natural and organic after-sun products, it provides a soothing and moisturizing base for post-sun exposure care.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is included in natural and organic lip balm formulations, offering hydration and protection for the lips.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is found in natural and organic shower gels, contributing to a luxurious lather and skin-friendly cleansing.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) plays a role in natural and organic hand washes, ensuring effective cleansing without causing dryness.
In natural and organic baby oils, it provides gentle and nourishing care for delicate baby skin.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is used in natural and organic hair styling balms, offering hold and definition without weighing the hair down.
In natural and organic bath bombs, it contributes to the dispersion of essential oils and moisturizing ingredients.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) finds application in natural and organic foot scrubs, aiding in the removal of dead skin cells and calluses.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is included in natural and organic massage lotions, enhancing the glide and overall skin-conditioning properties.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is utilized in the creation of natural and organic eye makeup removers, ensuring gentle and effective makeup removal.
In natural and organic cleansing lotions, it contributes to the removal of impurities while maintaining skin softness.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is found in natural and organic intimate care products, offering gentle and moisturizing effects.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is present in natural and organic pre-shave oils, providing a smooth base for shaving.
In natural and organic cuticle serums, it aids in the repair and nourishment of damaged cuticles.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) plays a role in natural and organic hair serums, contributing to shine, manageability, and frizz control.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is used in natural and organic face mist formulations, providing a refreshing and hydrating experience.
In the creation of natural and organic hand exfoliants, it enhances the exfoliating and moisturizing effects on the hands.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is included in natural and organic fragrance-free products, ensuring a neutral base for individuals with sensitivities.



DESCRIPTION


C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, often referred to as CremerCOOR ALB C12-15, is a chemical compound used in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is an ester derived from benzoic acid and a mixture of synthetic fatty alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from C12 to C15.
The specific mixture of alkyl groups in the compound gives it the name CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate).

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is a clear and colorless liquid with a mild odor.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is known for its excellent emollient properties.
Offering a silky and smooth texture, it enhances the sensory experience of cosmetic formulations.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is commonly used in skincare products for its lightweight and non-greasy feel.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is derived from a mixture of synthetic fatty alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from C12 to C15.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) contributes to the spreadability and easy absorption of cosmetic formulations.

Known for its versatility, it is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) serves as a solvent for various components in cosmetic formulations.
In hair care products, it imparts a luxurious feel, aiding in conditioning and styling.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) acts as a plasticizer for polymers, enhancing flexibility and resilience in certain formulations.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is biodegradable, aligning with environmentally conscious practices.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is often used in sunscreens, providing a light and non-greasy base for sun protection.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is effective in makeup formulations, ensuring even application and blending.
Offering a non-irritating nature, CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is suitable for formulations designed for sensitive skin types.

Due to its smooth skin feel, CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is found in lotions and creams.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) plays a role in enhancing the stability and shelf life of cosmetic products over time.

The clear and colorless nature of the liquid maintains the aesthetic integrity of formulations.
As a common ingredient in skincare, it aids in preventing dryness and maintaining skin hydration.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is utilized in the creation of lightweight and easily absorbed serums.

Its compatibility with other cosmetic oils makes it a versatile component in various formulations.
In foundation formulations, it contributes to the smooth application and blending of pigments.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is known for its non-comedogenic properties, making it suitable for facial care products.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) is often included in formulations for its spreadability in hair masks.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate) finds application in natural and organic product lines, aligning with clean beauty trends.
CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 (C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate)'s non-greasy finish and lightweight nature make it a preferred choice in modern cosmetic formulations.



PROPERTIES


Boiling Point: 374°C
Melting Point: -16°C
Saponification value: 169-182 mg KOH/g
Density at 25°C: 0.915-0.935 g/ml



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.
In case of respiratory irritation or if symptoms persist, consult a physician.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical advice.
Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse.


Eye Contact:

In case of contact with eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, removing contact lenses if present.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse mouth with water and seek immediate medical attention.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate protective clothing, including gloves and safety goggles.
Use respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation exposure.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the handling area.
Use local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact.
Do not inhale vapors or dust.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Preventive Measures:
Use engineering controls to minimize exposure.
Implement good industrial hygiene practices.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Keep containers tightly closed and properly labeled.

Temperature Control:
Maintain storage temperatures within the specified range provided by the manufacturer.

Separation from Incompatible Materials:
Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Avoidance of Contaminants:
Prevent contamination by storing away from sources of moisture or impurities.

Proper Segregation:
Segregate from incompatible substances to prevent unintended reactions.

Storage Containers:
Use containers made of materials compatible with the product.
Ensure containers are properly sealed to prevent leakage or evaporation.

Handling of Bulk Quantities:
For bulk quantities, use appropriate handling equipment and follow guidelines for bulk storage.

Protection Against Physical Damage:
Protect containers from physical damage, such as impact or puncture.

Controlled Access:
Restrict access to authorized personnel only.


Spill and Leak Procedures:

Containment:
In the event of a spill, contain and collect the material using appropriate absorbents.
Prevent further spread of the spilled material.

Cleanup:
Clean up spills promptly, following established procedures.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations.

Reporting:
Report spills or releases promptly to appropriate authorities as required.


Transportation:

Packaging:
Use packaging that complies with transportation regulations.
Ensure containers are securely sealed and labeled.

Documentation:
Provide necessary documentation during transportation, including safety data sheets.

Compliance:
Adhere to all local and international regulations governing the transportation of hazardous materials.
CREMERCOOR EHL (2-ETHYLHEXYL LAURATE)

CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate), a clear and colorless liquid, is an ester formed by combining 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and lauric acid.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) exhibits a mild and pleasant odor, contributing to its use in various cosmetic formulations.
As an emollient, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) imparts a smooth, silky texture to skincare products, enhancing their application.

CAS Number: 84713-06-4
EC Number: 283-798-5

2-Ethylhexyl Laurate, Lauric Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Lauric Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecanoic Acid, Dodecanoic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Octyl Laurate, Ester of 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol and Lauric Acid, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, EHL, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, Ethylhexyl Laurate, Octyl Laurate Ester, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecyl Acid, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, Ester of 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol and Lauric Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Dodecanoic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecanoic Acid, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Lauric Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Lauric Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecyl Acid, Dodecanoic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, Ethylhexyl Laurate, Octyl Laurate Ester, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecyl Acid, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, EHL, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Lauric Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Octyl Laurate, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, Dodecanoic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Ethylhexyl Laurate, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecanoic Acid, Octyl Laurate Ester, EHL, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecyl Acid, Lauric Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Lauric Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, Ethylhexyl Laurate, Octyl Laurate Ester, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecyl Acid, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, EHL, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Lauric Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Octyl Laurate, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, Dodecanoic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Ethylhexyl Laurate, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecanoic Acid, Octyl Laurate Ester, EHL, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecyl Acid, Lauric Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Lauric Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecanoate, Ethylhexyl Laurate, Octyl Laurate Ester, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Dodecyl Acid, Lauric Acid Octyl Ester, Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, EHL, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Lauric Acid, Lauric Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Octyl Laurate, 2-Ethylhexyl Dodecano



APPLICATIONS


CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is commonly used as an emollient in skincare products such as lotions and creams.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is a key ingredient in facial moisturizers, contributing to the smooth and soft feel on the skin.

CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is found in sunscreens, where its non-greasy texture enhances the application and wearability of the product.
In natural and organic formulations, 2-Ethylhexyl Laurate is utilized to create luxurious body oils and massage blends.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is often included in hand creams, providing a silky texture while moisturizing the skin.

As a skin-conditioning agent, it is present in various natural and organic serums for its beneficial effects.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is incorporated into body lotions to improve spreadability and ensure even coverage.
In the production of natural and organic facial masks, it contributes to a smooth and easily applicable texture.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is used in the formulation of natural and organic lip balms, offering hydration without a greasy feel.

In the creation of fragrance-free products, 2-Ethylhexyl Laurate provides a neutral base for sensitive skin.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) plays a role in natural and organic foundations, ensuring a seamless and blendable makeup application.

In skincare serums, it enhances the absorption of active ingredients while maintaining a lightweight consistency.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is utilized in the formulation of natural and organic hair conditioners for its conditioning properties.

Found in deodorants, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) contributes to a comfortable glide during application, enhancing user experience.
As an ingredient in natural and organic night creams, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) adds to the skin-conditioning properties for overnight rejuvenation.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is present in natural and organic body scrubs, aiding in exfoliation and moisturization.
In the production of natural and organic lip scrubs, 2-Ethylhexyl Laurate enhances the exfoliating effects.

CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is included in natural and organic massage oils, providing a non-greasy glide during massages.
Used in natural and organic eye creams, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) contributes to a smooth and gentle application around the eyes.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is found in natural and organic baby care products, offering gentle moisturization for delicate skin.

In natural and organic facial cleansers, it aids in the removal of impurities without causing dryness.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is a component of natural and organic body mists, providing a lightweight and non-greasy texture.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is utilized in the creation of natural and organic cuticle oils for nail and cuticle nourishment.

As a plasticizer for polymers, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is included in certain cosmetic formulations for enhanced flexibility.
In natural and organic hair serums, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) contributes to shine, manageability, and frizz control.

Included in natural and organic pre-shave oils, 2-Ethylhexyl Laurate provides a smooth base for a comfortable shaving experience.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is a key component in natural and organic facial cleansers, contributing to effective cleansing without stripping the skin of natural oils.
Used in the formulation of natural and organic hair styling balms, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) offers hold and definition without weighing down the hair.

CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is present in natural and organic foot creams, providing intensive moisturization for rough and dry skin.
As an ingredient in natural and organic bath bombs, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) aids in the dispersion of essential oils and moisturizing ingredients.

Included in natural and organic intimate care products, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) offers gentle and nourishing effects on sensitive areas.
Used in the creation of natural and organic hand exfoliants, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) enhances the exfoliating and moisturizing effects on the hands.

In natural and organic fragrance-free formulations, 2-Ethylhexyl Laurate ensures a neutral base for those with fragrance sensitivities.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is incorporated into natural and organic cuticle serums, aiding in the repair and nourishment of damaged cuticles.
Present in natural and organic hair masks, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) adds a luxurious feel and helps with detangling and manageability.

Included in the formulation of natural and organic foot scrubs, it assists in the removal of dead skin cells and calluses.
Used in natural and organic eye makeup removers, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) ensures gentle and effective makeup removal.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is a component of natural and organic hand washes, providing effective cleansing without causing dryness.

Present in natural and organic hair masks, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) adds a luxurious feel and helps with detangling and manageability.
Included in natural and organic baby creams, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) offers gentle moisturization for the delicate skin of infants.
Used in natural and organic lip gloss formulations, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) provides a smooth and glossy texture for enhanced lip appearance.
As an ingredient in natural and organic foot masks, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) aids in softening and moisturizing rough skin.

Included in natural and organic sunscreen lotions, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) contributes to even coverage and a non-greasy feel.
Utilized in natural and organic body butters, 2-Ethylhexyl Laurate ensures a rich and creamy texture for deep hydration.
As a component of natural and organic hand sanitizers, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) adds a moisturizing element to counteract potential dryness.
Present in natural and organic anti-aging serums, it contributes to the overall skin-conditioning and anti-wrinkle effects.

Used in natural and organic beard oils, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) provides conditioning benefits for facial hair and the underlying skin.
As an ingredient in natural and organic foot masks, it aids in softening and moisturizing rough skin.
Included in natural and organic cuticle creams, it helps maintain healthy and nourished cuticles.
Utilized in natural and organic massage lotions, 2-Ethylhexyl Laurate enhances the glide and overall skin-conditioning properties during massages.

Found in natural and organic BB creams, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) provides a lightweight base with skin-conditioning benefits.
As an ingredient in natural and organic tinted moisturizers, 2-Ethylhexyl Laurate enhances the blendability and texture.
Used in natural and organic aftershaves, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) contributes to a soothing and moisturizing post-shave experience.

Included in natural and organic hair serums, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) helps tame frizz and adds a glossy finish to the hair.
In natural and organic cuticle balms, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) aids in the healing and nourishment of dry cuticles.
Found in natural and organic scalp treatments, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) adds a conditioning element to promote a healthy scalp.

Utilized in natural and organic hand sanitizing gels, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) ensures a moisturizing effect without a sticky residue.
As an ingredient in natural and organic cleansing oils, it assists in breaking down makeup and impurities.
Present in natural and organic body washes, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) contributes to a creamy and nourishing cleansing experience.
Used in natural and organic baby oils, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) offers gentle moisturization for delicate skin.

Included in natural and organic body scrubs, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) enhances the exfoliating effects while leaving the skin soft.
In natural and organic lip balm formulations, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) provides a smooth and moisturizing texture for the lips.

Found in natural and organic beard balms, it conditions facial hair and soothes the skin underneath.
Utilized in natural and organic foot creams, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) aids in softening and moisturizing rough skin.
In natural and organic night creams, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) adds to the skin-conditioning properties for overnight rejuvenation.

Used in natural and organic hair pomades, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) provides a pliable hold with added shine.
As an ingredient in natural and organic intimate washes, it ensures a gentle and nourishing cleansing experience.
Present in natural and organic dry shampoo formulations, it enhances the spreadability and application.

Included in natural and organic hair mists, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) adds a lightweight conditioning element for daily use.
Utilized in natural and organic lip scrubs, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) enhances the exfoliating effects.
In natural and organic cleansing balms, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) assists in removing makeup and impurities while moisturizing.
Found in natural and organic sunless tanning lotions, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) contributes to an even and smooth application.
As an ingredient in natural and organic body powders, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) provides a silky and non-irritating texture.

Used in natural and organic hair masks, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) adds a luxurious feel and helps with detangling and manageability.
Included in natural and organic deodorant creams, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) offers a smooth application and helps with underarm moisturization.



DESCRIPTION


CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate), a clear and colorless liquid, is an ester formed by combining 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and lauric acid.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) exhibits a mild and pleasant odor, contributing to its use in various cosmetic formulations.
As an emollient, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) imparts a smooth, silky texture to skincare products, enhancing their application.
Known for its compatibility with cosmetic oils, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) seamlessly blends with other ingredients in formulations.

The non-greasy and lightweight consistency of CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) makes it ideal for creating luxurious lotions and creams.
Offering a fine balance, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) enhances spreadability without compromising on moisturizing properties.
Octyl Ester of Lauric Acid, another name for this compound, is commonly used to improve the texture of hand creams and body lotions.

CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) serves as a skin-conditioning agent, leaving the skin soft and supple after application.
In facial care products, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) avoids pore-clogging, making it suitable for various skin types.
The versatility of this ester extends to makeup formulations, providing a seamless and blendable base.

As a solubilizer for fragrances, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) ensures the even distribution of scents in cosmetic products.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is renowned for its application in sunscreens, offering a light and non-greasy solution for effective sun protection.
Its emollient properties extend to hair care products, contributing to the luxurious feel of conditioners.
The compatibility of CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) with various cosmetic ingredients makes it a valuable component in skincare serums.

Octyl Laurate Ester, a synonym for this compound, is a common choice for creating natural and organic formulations.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) enhances the spreadability of serums, ensuring even coverage and absorption.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate)'s stability and non-irritating nature make it suitable for sensitive skin formulations.

CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) plays a role in natural and organic foundations, contributing to a smooth and blendable makeup application.
Used in fragrance-free products, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) provides a neutral base for individuals with sensitivities.
The biodegradability of this ester aligns with environmentally conscious cosmetic formulations.

As a plasticizer for polymers, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) contributes to the flexibility of certain cosmetic products.
In natural and organic skincare, CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) finds a place in night creams, adding to their skin-conditioning properties.
CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) is present in natural and organic body oils, offering a non-greasy and moisturizing solution.

Its inclusion in deodorants enhances glide during application, providing comfort to the user.
The mild and versatile nature of CremerCOOR EHL (2-Ethylhexyl Laurate) makes it a staple in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C18H36O2
Chemical Structure: Ester of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and lauric acid.
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: Mild and pleasant
Solubility: Soluble in various cosmetic oils and ingredients.
Texture: Non-greasy and lightweight
Consistency: Provides a smooth and silky texture.
Emollient Properties: Acts as an emollient, contributing to soft and supple skin.
Skin-Conditioning Agent: Enhances the overall condition of the skin.
Spreadability: Improves the spreadability of cosmetic formulations.
Compatibility: Compatible with a variety of cosmetic ingredients.
Moisturization: Provides moisturizing properties without a greasy feel.
Absorption: Enhances the absorption of active ingredients in formulations.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.
Administer artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with soap and water.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.
Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, immediately flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention, and provide the medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid:

If any symptoms of discomfort or irritation persist, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide medical personnel with information about the chemical, including its name and composition.


Notes for Medical Personnel:

Treat symptomatically based on the individual's condition.
If significant exposure occurs, consider the possibility of aspiration and monitor for respiratory distress.
In case of ingestion, consider the potential for aspiration into the lungs.


Emergency Contacts:

Know the local emergency contact numbers for poison control and medical assistance.
Provide emergency responders with information about the chemical, including its name, composition, and CAS number.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety glasses, to minimize direct contact with the substance.
Consider the use of protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Use in a well-ventilated area or provide local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors or mists.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling, especially before eating, drinking, or smoking.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and evaporation.
Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Handling Precautions:
Use non-sparking tools when handling the substance.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static discharge.
Implement good industrial hygiene practices to minimize exposure.

Equipment Cleaning:
Thoroughly clean equipment after use to prevent cross-contamination with other materials.
Dispose of cleaning materials properly, following local regulations.


Storage:

Temperature and Humidity:
Store at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid storage in areas with extreme temperature fluctuations.

Container Material:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or stainless steel.
Check for any signs of container damage or leaks regularly.

Light Sensitivity:
Protect the substance from direct sunlight or other sources of UV radiation, as exposure may lead to degradation.

Segregation:
Segregate from incompatible materials and substances.
Clearly label containers with the contents and any associated hazards.

Fire Prevention:
Keep away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources.
Ensure the storage area is equipped with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response measures in place, including spill control materials and equipment.
Train personnel on proper handling and emergency procedures.
CREMERCOOR EHO (2-ETHYLHEXYL OLEATE)

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is a clear and colorless liquid used in various cosmetic formulations.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate), also known as EHO, exhibits excellent solubility in cosmetic oils.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is renowned for its non-greasy texture, making it ideal for skincare products.

CAS Number: 26399-02-0
EC Number: 247-655-0

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APPLICATIONS


CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) finds application in the formulation of facial moisturizers, contributing to their lightweight and non-greasy texture.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is commonly used in the production of sunscreen lotions, providing even coverage and a pleasant feel on the skin.
As a key ingredient in night creams, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) aids in delivering overnight skin nourishment and hydration.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) serves as an emollient in hand creams, promoting softness and smoothness for hands.
In the realm of baby care products, ethylhexyl oleate is often incorporated into baby creams to provide gentle moisturization.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is utilized in cleansing lotions, enhancing their effectiveness in removing impurities without causing dryness.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is found in massage lotions, contributing to a smooth glide and overall skin-conditioning during massages.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is a favored ingredient in cosmetic formulations aiming for fragrance enhancement and longevity.

In the realm of hair care, 2-Ethylhexyl oleate is used in hair conditioners for its detangling and conditioning properties.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is incorporated into night creams, contributing to the repair and rejuvenation of the skin while asleep.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is present in body lotions, ensuring a lightweight and moisturizing experience upon application.
As a component in hand sanitizers, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) adds a moisturizing element to counteract potential dryness.
In the formulation of lip gloss, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to a smooth and glossy texture for enhanced lip appearance.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) serves as an ingredient in foot creams, aiding in the softening and moisturizing of rough skin.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is a valuable addition to fragranced creams, helping to stabilize and enhance the fragrance notes.

In the production of intimate care products, octyl oleate provides gentle and nourishing effects on sensitive areas.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is included in facial cleansers, ensuring effective cleansing without stripping the skin of natural oils.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is used in the formulation of hand exfoliants, enhancing exfoliation while maintaining skin moisture.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is found in formulations of baby oils, offering gentle and hydrating care for delicate infant skin.
In the creation of anti-aging serums, ethylhexyl oleate contributes to the overall skin-conditioning and anti-wrinkle effects.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is utilized in the production of hair masks, adding a luxurious feel and aiding in detangling.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is incorporated into body butters, ensuring a rich and creamy texture for deep hydration.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) serves as a component in deodorant creams, providing a smooth application and underarm moisturization.
In the realm of foot scrubs, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) assists in the removal of dead skin cells and calluses.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is present in formulations of fragrance-free products, offering a neutral base for those with fragrance sensitivities.

Found in natural and organic BB creams, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) provides a lightweight base with skin-conditioning benefits.
As an ingredient in natural and organic tinted moisturizers, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) enhances the blendability and texture.

Used in natural and organic aftershaves, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to a soothing and moisturizing post-shave experience.
Included in natural and organic hair serums, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) helps tame frizz and adds a glossy finish to the hair.

In natural and organic cuticle balms, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) aids in the healing and nourishment of dry cuticles.
Found in natural and organic scalp treatments, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) adds a conditioning element to promote a healthy scalp.
Utilized in natural and organic hand sanitizing gels, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) ensures a moisturizing effect without a sticky residue.

As an ingredient in natural and organic cleansing oils, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) assists in breaking down makeup and impurities.
Present in natural and organic body washes, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to a creamy and nourishing cleansing experience.
Used in natural and organic baby oils, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) offers gentle moisturization for delicate skin.

Included in natural and organic body scrubs, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) enhances the exfoliating effects while leaving the skin soft.
In natural and organic lip balm formulations, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) provides a smooth and moisturizing texture for the lips.
Found in natural and organic beard balms, it conditions facial hair and soothes the skin underneath.

Utilized in natural and organic foot creams, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) aids in softening and moisturizing rough skin.
In natural and organic night creams, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) adds to the skin-conditioning properties for overnight rejuvenation.
Used in natural and organic hair pomades, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) provides a pliable hold with added shine.

As an ingredient in natural and organic intimate washes, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) ensures a gentle and nourishing cleansing experience.
Present in natural and organic dry shampoo formulations, it enhances the spreadability and application.
Included in natural and organic hair mists, it adds a lightweight conditioning element for daily use.

Utilized in natural and organic lip scrubs, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) enhances the exfoliating effects.
In natural and organic cleansing balms, it assists in removing makeup and impurities while moisturizing.
Found in natural and organic sunless tanning lotions, it contributes to an even and smooth application.

As an ingredient in natural and organic body powders, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) provides a silky and non-irritating texture.
Used in natural and organic hair masks, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) adds a luxurious feel and helps with detangling and manageability.
Included in natural and organic deodorant creams, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) offers a smooth application and helps with underarm moisturization.

In natural and organic cuticle oils, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) promotes the health of nail beds and cuticles.
Utilized in natural and organic hair conditioners, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) imparts a silky texture to the hair.

Included in natural and organic eye makeup removers, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) effectively dissolves and removes eye makeup while nourishing the delicate eye area.
Found in natural and organic body lotions, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to long-lasting hydration and skin softness.

As an ingredient in natural and organic lip glosses, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) enhances glossiness and provides a comfortable wear.
Used in natural and organic massage oils, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) ensures smooth gliding and skin conditioning during massages.

In natural and organic antiperspirant creams, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) adds a moisturizing element to combat dryness.
Present in natural and organic sunscreens, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) aids in the even distribution of the sunscreen on the skin.
Included in natural and organic foot balms, it helps soothe tired and achy feet while moisturizing the skin.

Utilized in natural and organic body balms, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) provides intensive moisturization for targeted areas.
As an ingredient in natural and organic face masks, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to a creamy and spreadable consistency.

Found in natural and organic body oils, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) delivers a luxurious and nourishing experience for the skin.
In natural and organic hand creams, it aids in softening the skin and preventing dryness.
Used in natural and organic makeup primers, it creates a smooth base for makeup application.

Included in natural and organic shaving creams, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to a smooth and moisturizing shaving experience.
Utilized in natural and organic body butters, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) ensures deep and long-lasting hydration.
Present in natural and organic hair styling creams, it helps with styling and adds a touch of shine.

In natural and organic bath oils, it enhances the bath experience by leaving the skin soft and moisturized.
Found in natural and organic blush formulations, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) aids in achieving a smooth and blendable texture.
As an ingredient in natural and organic hand soaps, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) prevents skin from drying out after washing.

Included in natural and organic body serums, it contributes to a lightweight and easily absorbed formula.
Utilized in natural and organic pre-shampoo treatments, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) helps condition the hair before cleansing.
In natural and organic body milks, it ensures a lightweight and hydrating application for daily use.

Used in natural and organic cuticle creams, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) promotes healthy and moisturized cuticles.
Present in natural and organic body sprays, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) adds a conditioning element and enhances the longevity of fragrance.

In natural and organic makeup setting sprays, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) helps set makeup while providing a dewy finish.
Used in natural and organic body scrubs, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) aids in the removal of dead skin cells for smoother skin.
Included in natural and organic hair conditioners, it assists in detangling and improving overall hair manageability.
Utilized in natural and organic bath bombs, it contributes to a luxurious and moisturizing bathing experience.

As an ingredient in natural and organic hand exfoliants, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) enhances the exfoliation process while maintaining skin moisture.
Found in natural and organic hair mousse formulations, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) provides a light and flexible hold without stiffness.

In natural and organic nail polishes, it contributes to a smooth and even application while nourishing the nail bed.
Included in natural and organic eye creams, it aids in reducing the appearance of fine lines and dryness around the eyes.
Utilized in natural and organic foot scrubs, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) assists in the removal of calluses and rough skin on the feet.

Present in natural and organic dry skin remedies, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) helps soothe and hydrate dry and flaky skin.
As an ingredient in natural and organic illuminating creams, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) imparts a subtle radiance for a healthy complexion.
Found in natural and organic cuticle conditioners, it promotes healthy and moisturized cuticles and nails.

Used in natural and organic body gels, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to a refreshing and moisturizing shower experience.
In natural and organic hair detanglers, it aids in smoothing out knots and tangles for easier combing.
Included in natural and organic eyebrow serums, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) helps condition and nourish the eyebrows for a fuller appearance.

Utilized in natural and organic makeup removers, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) effectively lifts away makeup while caring for the skin.
Present in natural and organic shimmer lotions, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) adds a subtle glow to the skin for a luminous effect.
As an ingredient in natural and organic cuticle oils, it provides targeted hydration and care for nail areas.
Found in natural and organic body polishes, it enhances the polishing effect while leaving the skin moisturized.

In natural and organic highlighter formulations, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to a smooth and blendable texture.
Used in natural and organic beard oils, it conditions facial hair and the underlying skin for a well-groomed appearance.
Included in natural and organic foot masks, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) aids in softening and rejuvenating tired and cracked feet.

Utilized in natural and organic hair serums for split ends, it helps seal and nourish damaged hair tips.
In natural and organic eye serums, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to a lightweight and easily absorbed formula for the delicate eye area.
Present in natural and organic body soufflés, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) ensures a light and fluffy texture for easy application and absorption.



DESCRIPTION


CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is a clear and colorless liquid used in various cosmetic formulations.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate), also known as EHO, exhibits excellent solubility in cosmetic oils.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is renowned for its non-greasy texture, making it ideal for skincare products.
As a key ingredient in cosmetic formulations, CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to a luxurious feel.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) serves as a skin-conditioning agent, promoting soft and supple skin upon application.
Its mild and pleasant odor enhances the overall sensory experience of cosmetic products.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) acts as a solvent, facilitating the incorporation of other cosmetic ingredients.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is widely used in formulations aiming for smooth and even coverage on the skin.

As an emollient, ethylhexyl oleate aids in preventing moisture loss from the skin.
The fluid nature of CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) ensures easy spreadability in cosmetic applications.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is particularly valued for its compatibility with various cosmetic materials.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is a commonly chosen additive for its enhancing effects on product texture.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate)'s excellent stability makes it suitable for a wide range of cosmetic formulations.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is often found in skincare products, contributing to their overall efficacy.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) serves as a vital component in formulations requiring a lightweight texture.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is frequently used in sunscreen lotions, ensuring an even and non-greasy application.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is a preferred choice in formulations where a neutral base is desired.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is a crucial ingredient in formulations targeting sensitive and delicate skin.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is known for its biodegradability, aligning with environmental sustainability considerations.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate)'s non-comedogenic nature makes it suitable for facial care and makeup products.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) contributes to the overall skin-conditioning properties of cosmetic formulations.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) acts as a solvent for fragrances, enhancing the olfactory experience of products.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate) is often included in formulations aiming for rapid absorption and non-sticky finish.

CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate)'s compatibility with various cosmetic oils makes it a valuable and versatile ingredient.
CremerCOOR EHO (2-Ethylhexyl Oleate), Oleic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, remains a staple in cosmetic chemistry, valued for its multifaceted contributions to product formulations.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C24H46O2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 370.62 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild and pleasant
Solubility: Soluble in common organic solvents
Melting Point: < -50°C (estimated)
Boiling Point: > 250°C (estimated)
Density: ~0.88 g/cm³
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid
Flash Point: > 150°C (estimated)
Refractive Index: ~1.449 (at 20°C)
Surface Tension: ~31.5 mN/m (at 20°C)
Specific Gravity: ~0.88 (at 20°C)
Partition Coefficient (Log P): ~7.29
Vapor Pressure: < 0.0001 hPa (at 25°C)
Vapor Density: > 1 (Air = 1)
Autoignition Temperature: > 250°C (estimated)
Acid Value: < 1 mg KOH/g
Iodine Value: < 1 g I2/100g
Saponification Value: ~150 mg KOH/g
Hydroxyl Value: < 1 mg KOH/g
Flash Point: > 150°C (estimated)
Boiling Range: High boiling point, with decomposition at elevated temperatures
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
GMO Status: GMO-free



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention immediately.
Administer artificial respiration if the person is not breathing, and oxygen if available.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.
If the substance is molten, cool the affected area with cold water or ice packs to minimize thermal burns.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently but thoroughly with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do so.
Continue rinsing and seek medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious.
Seek medical attention immediately.
If vomiting occurs spontaneously and the person is lying on their back, ensure that the head is turned to the side to prevent choking.


General First Aid Considerations:

Provide comfort and reassurance to the affected person.
Keep the individual warm and calm.
If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical advice promptly.
Have the product container or label available to provide important information to medical personnel.


Notes for Medical Personnel:

Treat symptomatically based on the individual's condition.
Consider the route of exposure and the severity of symptoms.
Provide supportive care, as there is no specific antidote for 2-Ethylhexyl Oleate exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing, to minimize skin contact and eye exposure.
Use respiratory protection if handling the substance in conditions where inhalation exposure is likely.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Consider using local exhaust ventilation systems to control airborne concentrations.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact by using tools or equipment, such as pumps or dispensers, to transfer the substance.
Prevent eye contact by wearing protective eyewear.

Preventive Measures:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the substance.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In case of spills, use absorbent materials to contain and clean up the substance.
Avoid the generation of dust or aerosols during cleanup.
Dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations.

Fire Prevention:
Keep away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources.
Use non-sparking tools when handling the substance.

Static Electricity:
Ground equipment and containers to prevent static discharge.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store 2-Ethylhexyl Oleate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent contamination and evaporation.

Temperature:
Store the substance within the specified temperature range as indicated by the manufacturer.

Separation from Incompatible Materials:
Keep away from strong oxidizing agents and incompatible materials.
Store away from acids and bases.

Container Material:
Use containers made of materials compatible with the substance (e.g., stainless steel, plastic).
Ensure containers are properly labeled with product information.

Controlled Atmosphere Storage:
Consider using controlled atmosphere storage to maintain product stability.

Protection Against Physical Damage:
Protect containers from physical damage that may compromise their integrity.

Special Considerations:
Follow any specific storage recommendations provided by the manufacturer.
Store away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

Security Measures:
Implement appropriate security measures to prevent unauthorized access.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE)
DESCRIPTION:
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) is a renewable palm derivative with a variety of uses in both personal care and industrial applications.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) is used in cosmetic formulations as a solvent, carrying agent, wetting agent, emollient, and used mostly in the formulation of, eye/skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) also widely used in metal working fluids, textile auxiliaries and lube & grease.

CAS Number, 29806-73-3
EINECS/ELINCS No:, 249-862-1
Chem/IUPAC Name:, Octan-3-yl hexadecanoate, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester
COSING REF No:, 33890


SYNONYMS OF CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE):

Eastman GEM™ 2-Ethylhexyl palmitate,Lexol® EHP MB,PALMESTER 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate,PARYOL EMOLL,PARYOL NEODERM OP,Polymol® OP,Biogenico UVSperse T40/OS,Dermol 816,Wickenol 155,Wickenol 161,Ceraphyl™ 368M ester,CEGESOFT® 24,CETIOL® EHP,BergaCare EM-OP,BergaCare FG 5,CASTORLINE™ WAX JELLY,Hylube™ A2616C,OLOROL™ OP,CremerCOOR® EHP,Labbial CH,MASSOCARE EMO SUN1,MASSOCARE EP,Tioveil™ TGOP (D),Crodamol™ OP,Maxi-lip™,Spectraveil™ OP,Tioveil™ 50 OP,DomusCare® OP,ERCAREL OP V,Vitacon® AEKM,TEGOSOFT® OP,PRO-D.S.B.,Fine Organics Octyl Palmitate,ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE,GranLux® OP1-50,HallStar® OP,Dapracare® OP,Kahlbase 6397 - Lipstick Base,KEMIDERM MICROSOMIC KMF,OPP60ZSI,IOP,LAKLAS EHP,Gel Base 2 (D),Natura-tec Ultrafeel OP,Nikkol IOP,Norfox 163,Radia® 7779,Macare® OP,Protachem™ OP,Gblock™ DT102 (D),Rita OP (D),Emulpharma® CM Preservative Free,Emulpharma® PGF E,RESCONCEPT® A-2,Saboderm OP,DUB PO,SALACOS P-8,Thorcoest OP,Liponate® EHP,Liponate® GC,HelioPro OP 50H,WAGLINOL 13016



CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) is the fatty acid ester derived from 2-ethyhexyl alcohol and palmitic acid.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) is branched and fully saturated.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) is a liquid emollient, skin conditioning agent and solvent.
On skin, CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) has a dry-slip feel that is similar to some silicones.

CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) is a medium spreading non-occlusive emollient useful in a wide range of skin care products and can be used as a replacement for mineral oil.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) has a required HLB of about 7-9.

Esters are formed when an alcohol reacts with an acid.
This process is called "esterification".
The name was coined in 1850 by the chemist Leopold Gmelin, as a short form of "acetic ether", the historical name for ethyl acetate.

CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) esters are fatty acid esters produced mainly from renewable raw materials.
They are composed of an alcohol (e.g. glycerol) and one or more fatty acids.
As industrial active ingredients, they are used in a wide variety of applications, for example in the production of cosmetics, body care or hair care products.


CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) carries fatty acid esters under the trade name CremerCOOR.
They are mainly used as emulsifiers in cosmetics.

CremerCOOR ALB C12-15 is used in the production of sunscreen.


In addition, we have esters in our range that are used as lubricants and solvents or plasticizers in technical applications, such as in the production of lubricants, paints, coatings and adhesives.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) offers selected methyl esters used in technical applications such as lubricants, paints and coatings or adhesives.



Ethylhexyl palmitate is a fatty acid ester that is used as an emollient in cosmetic formulations.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) is a clear, colorless, liquid at room temperature bearing a faintly fatty smell.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) imparts a richness to a formula and can be a replacement for mineral oil.

USES OF CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE):

In addition to being used as an emollient in cosmetics, CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) is also used as a solvent, carrying agent, pigment-wetting agent, and fragrance fixative.
Skin care:
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) softens and smoothens the skin.
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) reduces moisture loss from the upper layers and improves the look of the skin.
As a solvent, it helps solubilize other ingredients, helping active ingredients more readily penetrate into the skin.

CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) helps active ingredients such as avobenzone and ethylhexyl triazone, commonly found in sunscreen, disperse and remain evenly suspended in a formula

Hair care:
CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ethylhexyl Palmitate) works as a medium-spreading emollient and gives the hair a silky appearance

ORIGIN OF CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE):
Ethylhexyl palmitate is obtained from the reaction of palmitic acid, a very common fatty acid, with 2-ethyl hexanol, in the presence of an acid catalyst


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE):

Boiling Point, 398.93°C
Melting Point, 2°C
Solubility, Soluble in chloroform and hexanes
Acid Value (mg KOH/g), 0.2 Max
Saponification Value (mg KOH/g), 150-155
Iodine Value (gl2/100g), 1 Max
Color (APHA), 30 Max
Moisture Content (%), 0.1 Max
Ash (%), 0.1 Max
OHV (mg KOH/g), 1 Max
Refractive Index, 1.447-1.449
Density (g/cm3), 0.855-0.860
Composition (%),
C16, 98 Min
Product Form, Liquid
Packaging, Drum



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CREMERCOOR EHP (2-ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CREMERCOOR EHS (2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE)
DESCRIPTION:
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is an ester of stearic acid and 2-ethylhexanol.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor and a low viscosity.
The chemical formula of CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is C26H52O2, and it has a molecular weight of 368.64 g/mol.


CAS Number, 22047-49-0
EINECS/ELINCS No:, 244-754-0
Chem/IUPAC Name:, 2-Ethylhexyl stearate
COSING REF No:, 33894


SYNONYMS OF CREMERCOOR EHS (2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE)

Eastman GEM™ 2-Ethylhexyl palmitate,Lexol® EHP MB,PALMESTER 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate,PARYOL EMOLL,PARYOL NEODERM OP,Polymol® OP,Biogenico UVSperse T40/OS,Dermol 816,Wickenol 155,Wickenol 161,Ceraphyl™ 368M ester,CEGESOFT® 24,CETIOL® EHP,BergaCare EM-OP,BergaCare FG 5,CASTORLINE™ WAX JELLY,Hylube™ A2616C,OLOROL™ OP,CremerCOOR® EHP,Labbial CH,MASSOCARE EMO SUN1,MASSOCARE EP,Tioveil™ TGOP (D),Crodamol™ OP,Maxi-lip™,Spectraveil™ OP,Tioveil™ 50 OP,DomusCare® OP,ERCAREL OP V,Vitacon® AEKM,TEGOSOFT® OP,PRO-D.S.B.,Fine Organics Octyl Palmitate,ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE,GranLux® OP1-50,HallStar® OP,Dapracare® OP,Kahlbase 6397 - Lipstick Base,KEMIDERM MICROSOMIC KMF,OPP60ZSI,IOP,LAKLAS EHP,Gel Base 2 (D),Natura-tec Ultrafeel OP,Nikkol IOP,Norfox 163,Radia® 7779,Macare® OP,Protachem™ OP,Gblock™ DT102 (D),Rita OP (D),Emulpharma® CM Preservative Free,Emulpharma® PGF E,RESCONCEPT® A-2,Saboderm OP,DUB PO,SALACOS P-8,Thorcoest OP,Liponate® EHP,Liponate® GC,HelioPro OP 50H,WAGLINOL 13016


CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as an emollient and a solvent.
As an emollient, CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) has a softening and smoothing effect on the skin and hair, making them feel less greasy and more comfortable.

As a solvent, CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) can dissolve other ingredients and help them spread more evenly on the skin or hair.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is considered safe for use in cosmetics, and its low toxicity makes it an attractive ingredient for a variety of personal care products.

CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is a medium spreading emollient.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is used in personal care wipes, baby & face cleansing, self-tanning and after-sun, sun protection-, body-, face- and color care products.

CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate), also known as 2-EHS Isooctyl Stearate, is an organic compound widely used in cosmetic and personal care products.
This versatile ester compound is derived from stearic acid and ethylhexanol and possesses a number of valuable properties that make it an ideal ingredient for a variety of applications.
The Cas Number for Ethylhexyl Stearate is 22047-49-0.

CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is also known by several other synonyms such as Octyl Stearate, 2-ethylhexyl ester, and Isodecyl Stearate.
The chemical formula for CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is C24H48O2, and it has a molecular weight of 368.64 g/mol.

CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is a colorless to slightly yellowish, transparent, and oily liquid with a faint odor.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is soluble in oil but insoluble in water.
Its melting point is around -52 °C, while its density is approximately 0.88 g/cm3.

CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) has a molecular structure with long carbon chains, which gives it excellent lubricating properties and makes it easy to spread on the skin.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) has several characteristics that make it a valuable ingredient in personal care products.

CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is non-greasy, lightweight, and has a silky texture that enhances the feel of many formulations.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) also has emollient and moisturizing properties that can help to improve the skin's hydration and barrier function.

CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is widely used in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is commonly employed in products such as moisturizers, hair conditioners, sunscreens, and makeup.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is also used as a lubricant and solvent in various industrial applications.

The transport packaging for Ethylhexyl Stearate depends on its intended use.
For small quantities, CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is usually shipped in plastic or metal drums, while large quantities may be transported in bulk containers.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is essential to handle Ethylhexyl Stearate with care, as it can be flammable in certain conditions.

To manufacture CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate), stearic acid and ethylhexanol are reacted together in the presence of a catalyst.
The reaction results in the formation of CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate), which is then purified to remove any impurities.

In conclusion, CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is a versatile and valuable ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products.
Its excellent lubricating and moisturizing properties make it a popular choice for a wide variety of applications.


USES OF CREMERCOOR EHS (2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE):
Ethylhexyl Stearate is a versatile ingredient that has many uses in the world of personal care and cosmetics.
Firstly, CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is an emollient that softens and smoothens the surface that it is applied to, making it feel less greasy and more comfortable.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) also deeply conditions and improves the overall health and appearance of skin and hair.

CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) works as an amazing solvent in cosmetics that can dissolve other ingredients and improve their distribution throughout.
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) can be found in a wide range of formulations including moisturizers, sunscreens, makeup, and hair conditioners.
Lastly, CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) acts as a lubricant that reduces friction and makes the products easier to apply.

ORIGIN OF CREMERCOOR EHS (2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE):
CREMERCOOR EHS (2-Ethylhexyl Stearate) is made by esterifying stearic acid with 2-ethylhexanol under controlled conditions, resulting in a clear, colorless liquid that is used in cosmetics as an emollient and solvent.
The final product is purified to meet industry standards.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CREMERCOOR EHS (2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE):

Boiling Point, 426.2°C
Melting Point, -45°C
pH, Neutral
Solubility, Insoluble in water
Viscosity, Low


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CREMERCOOR EHS (2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

CREMERCOOR IPM (ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE)
DESCRIPTION:

CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) acts as an emollient and smoothing agent.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) has low viscosity and exhibits high stability.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is easy to spread on to the skin, is easily absorbed and in addition smoothens the skin.
Typical application are skin care, body care, hair care and sun care products.

CAS Number, 110-27-0
EINECS/ELINCS No:, 203-751-4
Chem/IUPAC Name:, Tetradecanoic acid, isopropyl ester
COSING REF No:, 34699


SYNONYMS OF CREMERCOOR IPM (ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE):

Lexate® TA,Lexol® 3975,Lexol® IPM,Lexol® IPM-NF MB,PALMESTER 1512 Isopropyl Myristate,PALMESTER 1514 Isopropyl Myristate,PARYOL EMOLL,PARYOL IPM,AE Ester IPM,Polymol® IPM,Dermol IPM,Wickenol 101,BergaCare EM-14,BergaCare EM-14 /MB,MIRITOL™ PM,CremerCOOR® IPM,Isopropyl Myristate 98%,MASSOCARE IPM,MASSOCARE SWAN,Crodarom® Carrot O (D),Estol 1514 (D),Spectraveil™ IPM (D),Carrot Oil Extra,Crodamol™ CAP,DomusCare® IPM,Bentone Gel® IPM V,ERCAREL IPM V,TEGOSOFT® Liquid M,TEGOSOFT® M,Georges Walther ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE,Unipherol U-14,GranLux® IM1-40,CoVera™ IPM,HallStar® IPM,Dapracare® IPM,Aloe Vera Oil Extract IPM base,Jeelux®,DMIPM,Jeelux® VHIPP,Exceparl® HO (D),Dp-VitAHP2k (D),IPM55S4 (D),GCB50YSG



CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is the ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) mainly works as an emollient in cosmetics and personal care products.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) has an oily base with low viscosity and adapts well to the skin.

CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a fast spreading emollient suitable for all cosmetic applications.



USES OF CREMERCOOR IPM (ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE):
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a texture enhancer and emollient as used in cosmetics.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) can also help to enhance the absorption of ingredients in a cosmetic formula.

Skin care:
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) works as an emollient, thickener, and a lubricant in beauty products.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) locks in the hydration, and enhances the penetration of other ingredients in the formulation.
Isopropyl myristate is an effective agent for solubilizing lanolin.
Therefore, isopropyl myristate is used as a solubilizing, spreading, and penetrating agent in anhydrous skin lubricating lotions with high lanolin content.

CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) leaves the skin soft and smooth without an oily surface film.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) can even reduce the heavy, greasy feel in products with high oil content.
It's also fast-spreading meaning that it gives the formula a good, nice slip

Hair care:
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) works as a hydrating agent, emollient, and enhancer.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) hydrates the hair and the scalp and enhances the penetration of other ingredients in the formulation.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is not recommended for particularly thin hair, as it can make it appear greasy, or an oily scalp or hair, as it can lead to clogged pores


ORIGIN OF CREMERCOOR IPM (ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE):
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is commercially produced by distillation, before which the esterification of myristic acid and isopropanol is carried out, and the resulting alkali is refined to neutralize the catalyst, and the product is then distilled to obtain isopropyl myristate.




FORMULATION OF CREMERCOOR IPM (ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE):
• Emollient
• Perfuming
• Skin conditioning
• Viscosity controlling



APPLICATIONS OF CREMERCOOR IPM (ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE):

CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is known for promoting the absorption of medicines and other products through the skin.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is commonly found in creams, lotions and topical medicines.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is also used as a thickener, emollient and humectant, solvent, binder and diluent in perfumes and food flavorings.

Solvent:
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) plays a key role in the dissolution of lanolin.
Mixtures containing up to 50 % lanolin in isopropyl myristate remain stable non-viscous liquids at room temperature.
The oil is therefore used as a solvent and penetrant in anhydrous skin lotions with high lanolin content. Isopropyl myristate is used as a solvent for varnishes and paints, since the formulations used in the manufacture of paints and varnishes consist of many different organic substances.

In cosmetics, CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) (also known as rubbing alcohol) is derived from isopropanol and myristic acid (a fatty acid naturally present in coconut and palm oils).
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a very mild emollient that can be used as a carrier oil in a variety of applications.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is included in formulations to dramatically reduce the sensation of greasiness and/or heaviness; it is excellent in formulations with a high content of butters known for their heavier skin feel (e.g. shea).

CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is also an excellent mild skin softener and can be included in recipes as an alternative to liquid carrier oil for lighter and faster absorption.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) can also be used to thicken cosmetic preparations.
In higher concentrations CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) can also be used in products such as make-up removers.

CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is commonly found in products such as: creams, lotions, hand creams, shampoos, shower gels, make-up removers, powders and make-up foundations.

Application rates range from 1 to 20%. Its main functions (INCI):
Binding agent : CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) Allows different cosmetic ingredients to adhere together.
Emollient : CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) Softens and smooths the skin
Masking : CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) Reduces or suppresses the odor or main flavor of the product
Fragrance: used in the manufacture of perfumes and aromatic raw materials


In the paint industry, CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used as a base and or solvent in the manufacture of writing instruments containing liquid or gel ink.

In medicine, CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used in topical pharmaceutical preparations where it is desired to be absorbed into the skin.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is also used as a treatment for head lice.

CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a very effective remedy for head lice as a non-systemic agent.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) works by dissolving the wax covering the exoskeleton of the head lice, causing the insects to die due to dehydration (water loss).

One lesser known property of CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is its ability to inhibit the growth of oral bacteria.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used by many manufacturers of oral hygiene products such as mouthwashes.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used to remove bacteria from the oral cavity as a non-aqueous component of two-phase mouthwashes.

In veterinary medicine, CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) can be found in products for pets that kill fleas and ticks.
CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) can also be found in ear cleaning products to dissolve wax build-up without drying out the skin of the animal's ear.


CREMERCOOR IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a non-branched saturated fatty acid ester obtained from isopropanol and myristic acid, from palm oil.
Clear liquid with a melting point of -3 ºC.

Cosmetic formulations: binding, fragrance, perfuming, emollient
Industrial uses: manufacturer of washing and cleaning products, lubricants and greases, textile treatment products and dyes, polymers, adhesives, sealants, polishes and waxes.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CREMERCOOR IPM (ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE):
Boiling Point, 192-193°C
Melting Point, 2-3°C
Solubility, Soluble in benzyl benzoate, ethyl lactate, paraffin oil
Insoluble in water
IUPAC, Propan-2-yl tetradecanoate
INCI, ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
CAS, 110-27-0
Molar mass, 270,457 g/mol
Density, 0,85 g/cm3 (20 °C)


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CREMERCOOR IPM (ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CREMERCOOR IPP (ISOPROPYL PALMITATE)
DESCRIPTION:
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) acts as an emollient and smoothing agent.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) has low viscosity and exhibits high stability.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is easy to spread on to the skin, is easily absorbed and in addition smoothens the skin.
Typical application are skin care, body care, hair care and sun care products.

CAS No: 142-91-6
EINECS/ELINCS No:, 205-571-1
Chem/IUPAC Name:, Isopropyl palmitate
COSING REF No:, 77732



SYNONYMS OF CREMERCOOR IPP (ISOPROPYL PALMITATE):

Lexol® 3975,Lexol® IPP MB,Lexol® IPP-NF MB,PALMESTER 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate,PARYOL IPP,AE Ester IPP,Polymol® IPP,Dermol IPP,Wickenol 111,BASF Isopropyl Palmitate,BergaCare EM-16,BergaCare EM-16 /MB,MIRITOL™ IP,CremerCOOR® IPP,Isopropyl Palmitate 98%,Versagel® MP 1600,Versagel® MP 750,Hostacerin® SAF,MASSOCARE IPP,Crodamol™ IPP,DomusCare® IPP,ERCAREL IPP V,TEGOSOFT® P,QUERCEVITA®,HallStar® IPP,Jeechem IPP NF,Jeelux® DMIPP,Isopropyl Palmitate,IPP,Propal™ NF,MelinOil™,SWT-7™ L,Isopropyl,Palmitate (IPP),MIPEARL IPP,Natura-tec Ultrafeel IPP,Nikkol IPP,Radia® 7732,Protachem™ IPP,Rita IPP NF,Ritalan C,Regrease IPP,COVALIP® 22,DUB IPP,Thorcoest IPP,Liponate® IPP,HelioPro IPP 50H, Isopropyl Palmitate (IPP); Upmate IPP; Unipro IPP-20; 1-Methylethyl ester1-methylethyl hexandecanoate; Crodamol IPP; 1-methylethyl hexadecanoate

CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is one of the important additives for high-grade cosmetics.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) can be used as emulsifier and moistening agent for cosmetics.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) Is derived from palm oil and is used as a thickening agent.

CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) can also be used as a moisturizer and as an antistatic agent.
Emollient & emulsifier in cosmetic creams, cosmetic oils, in hair tonics, hair dressings, hair pomades, sun tan & other lotions, other cosmetics, topical medicinal preparations.



CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is a clear and colorless ingredient with a pleasant odor.
In cosmetics and personal care, CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is used primarily as an emollient that helps to soothe and soften the skin.
For this reason, CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is quite popular in products like moisturizers, lotions, and creams.

Additionally, CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is not a paraben and does not contain any preservatives that may be harmful to the skin.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is also beneficial in enhancing the texture of the products that it is added to.
The chemical formula of CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is C19H38O2.

An ester derived from isopropyl alcohol and palmitic acid, isopropyl palmitate is used in many industrial processes as an emollient, thickening agent, moisturizer and anti-static agent.
Acme-Hardesty manufactures a vegetable-based isopropyl palmitate containing a minimum 90 percent C16 esters.
A high-quality product suitable for the most demanding applications, our isopropyl palmitate is the choice of some of today’s leading pharma, personal care and food and beverage manufacturers.

CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is a branched chain, low viscosity, non-occlusive emollient with good spreading properties.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is an excellent dispersing medium that is suitable for all cosmetic applications.

CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is solvent fixative skin-perfumes.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) Acts as a physical fixative for perfumes. .



USES OF CREMERCOOR IPP (ISOPROPYL PALMITATE):
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is a very effective ingredient and is used in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is beneficial for both skin and hair.

Skin care:
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is primarily an emollient that works to soften the skin and also soothe it.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) improves the texture of the skin and reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Commonly, CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) can be found in creams, lotions and moisturizers

Hair care:
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is often used in hair care products because it helps to improve the texture and manageability of hair.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) can help to smooth the cuticle and reduce frizz, making hair more manageable and easier to style.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) can also help to moisturize the hair and scalp, which can reduce itching and flakiness

Cosmetic products:
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is commonly used as a solvent.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) can help to dissolve other ingredients and improve the consistency of the product.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) can also help to enhance the spreadability of cosmetics, making them easier to apply to the skin.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is often used in foundations, lipsticks, and other makeup products




APPLICATIONS OF CREMERCOOR IPP (ISOPROPYL PALMITATE):
Pharmaceuticals:
Topical Medicinal Preparations
Personal Care and Cosmetics:
Emollient, Moisturizer, Thickening Agent
Flavor and Fragrance:
Solvent, Binder, Diluent

PRODUCT APPLICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CREMERCOOR IPP (ISOPROPYL PALMITATE):

CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is a colorless liquid with a faint odor.
When stored properly at room temperature, it has a shelf life of up to two years from the date of manufacture.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is tested to ASTM standards to confirm a maximum acid value of 0.5 mg KOH/g, a maximum iodine value of 1g/100g and a moisture content of no more than 0.1 percent.

For a detailed list of specs, download the product data sheet.
Use Acme-Hardesty isopropyl palmitate in the preparation of topical medications, personal care products and cosmetics.
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) can also be used a solvent, binder and diluent for food-grade flavors and fragrances.
To obtain more information about potential applications or for answers to any of your questions about our isopropyl palmitate, contact Acme-Hardesty.


ORIGIN OF CREMERCOOR IPP (ISOPROPYL PALMITATE):
CREMERCOOR IPP (Isopropyl Palmitate) is made by the reaction of isopropyl alcohol and palmitic acid, a type of fatty acid.
The resulting compound is then purified and refined to create this ingredient.

WHAT DOES ISOPROPYL PALMITATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
• Antistatic
• Emollient
• Hair conditioning
• Perfuming
• Solvent


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROERTIES OF CREMERCOOR IPP (ISOPROPYL PALMITATE):
Boiling Point, 342°C
Melting Point, 13.5°C

pH, 7.0
Solubility, Insoluble in water
Viscosity, Low



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CREMERCOOR IPP (ISOPROPYL PALMITATE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL)
DESCRIPTION:

CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) is a mixed diester made of 1,2 propylene glycol and a defined blend of fractionated fatty acids of vegetable origin.
The mild odor, non-oily character and excellent compatibility make it the right choice for a wide range of personal care and cosmetic applications.


INCI: Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate

CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) is a basic chemical which is processed in large quantites all over the world.
CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) is used as a basic component in the food and beverage and in the animal feed industry.
Further more CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) is used as solvent in the pharma industry and in the manufacturing of care products like mouthwashes, toothpastes, ointments, skin creams, shampoos and perfumes.


CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol acts as an emollient, smoothing agent and dispersant.
CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) Exhibits medium to high spreading capability and leaves a light, non-oily smooth and velvet skin sensation.
CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) shows excellent dispersing and dissolving properties for pigments and sunscreens.
Typical application are skin care, hair care, body care and sun care products.


APPLICATIONS OF CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL):
CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) is a polar oil component with a medium to high spreading capability and can be easily incorporated in emulsion formulations by simply adding it to the oil phase in hot or cold processes.
The pH value of the final formulation should range between pH 5 and 7.


FUNCTIONS OF CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL):
CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) acts as an emollient and leaves a light, non-oily smooth and velvet skin sensation.
CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) shows excellent dispersing and dissolving properties for pigments and sunscreens.
The low viscosity makes it particularly suitable for the use in wet wipe lotions.

Thus CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-Propylene Glycol) use is suggested for:
• Day creams
• Body lotions
• Sun protection products
• Foundations
• Lip sticks
• Baby care
• Wet wipe cleansing lotions


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL):

Appearance clear liquid
Odor Faintly fatty
Refraction Index (nD 20) 1,439-1,442
Viscosity (20°C) 8,0 - 12,0 mPa s
Color APHA max. 50 Acid value ≤ 0,2 mg KOH/g
Saponification value 320 - 340 mg KOH/g
Iodine value ≤ 1,0 g I/100g
Water content (KF) ≤ 0,10 %
Peroxide value ≤ 1,0 meq O2/kg
Density 20°C 0,910 – 0,930 g/cm³
C 06 ≤ 2,0 %
C 08 50,0 – 80,0 %
C 10 20,0 – 50,0 %
C12 ≤ 3,0
Synonyms, 1,2-Propylene glycol
CAS number, 57-55-6
EC number, 200-338-0
Grade, Pharma
Hill Formula, C₃H₈O₂
Chemical formula, CH₃CH(OH)CH₂OH
Molar Mass, 76.09 g/mol
HS Code, 2905 32 00


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CREMERCOOR MPG (1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE)
DESCRIPTION:
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , is the organic compound with the formula C3H5(OCOCH3)3.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is classified as a triglyceride, i.e., the triester of glycerol.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is a colorless, viscous, and odorless liquid with a high boiling point and a low melting point.

CAS Number: 102-76-1
EC Number: 203-051-9
Systematic IUPAC name: Propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate
Formula: C9H14O6


SYNONYMS OF CREMERCOOR CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE):
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) ,Glyceryl triacetate,102-76-1,Glycerol triacetate,Glycerin triacetate,Enzactin,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) e,UNII-XHX3C3X673,FEMA No. 2007,HSDB 585,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) (USP/INN)
1,2,3-propanetriyl ester,ENZACTIN (TN),EINECS 203-051-9,1,2,3-triacetyl-glycerol,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE),2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate,BRN 1792353,2,3-diacetyloxypropyl acetate,Spectrum2_000939,Spectrum3_001368,Spectrum4_000362,Spectrum5_001376,ACMC-1C1GI,D0Q6DX,EC 203-051-9,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , >=99.5%,AC1Q1L9A,SCHEMBL3870,BSPBio_002896,Glycerol triacetate tributyrin,KBioGR_000823,KBioSS_001361,4-02-00-00253 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),KSC176O0H,MLS002152946,1,3-Propanetriol, triacetate,DivK1c_000740,Glyceryl triacetate, >=99%,SPECTRUM1500585,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , analytical standard,SPBio_000878,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , 99%, FCC, FG,CHEMBL1489254,DTXSID3026691,CTK0H6703,FEMA 2007,HMS502E22,KBio1_000740,KBio2_001361,KBio2_003929,KBio2_006497,KBio3_002116,KS-00000YQB,SR-05000002079-1,2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate #,Z1258578263,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , GTA F.G (1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL TRIACETATE),CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,Triacetylglycerol,Fungacetin,Glyped,Triacetyl glycerine,Vanay,Kesscoflex TRA,1,2,3-triacetyl-sn-glycerol,AI3-00661,CHEBI:9661,XHX3C3X673,Glycerol triacetate (CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) ),E1518,C9H14O6,URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N,1,3-bis(acetyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate,NCGC00091612-04,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) (1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate),DSSTox_CID_6691,DSSTox_RID_78184,DSSTox_GSID_26691,CAS-102-76-1,EBD5636,NSC4796,MolPort-001-787-791,NINDS_000740,Ey x(3/4)<<,HMS1921G05,HMS2092O09,HMS2232I22,Pharmakon1600-01500585,Glycerol triacetate, 99% 500g,HY-B0896,NSC-4796,ZINC1530705,Tox21_111155,Tox21_201745,Tox21_300111,WLN:,1VO1YOV1 & 1OV1,ANW-14741,CCG-39680,LMGL03012615,MFCD00008716,NSC757364,s4581,SBB060703,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , 8CI, BAN, INN, USAN,1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate, 9CI,AKOS009028851,Tox21_111155_1,Glyceryl triacetate, >=99.0% (GC),LS-2356,MCULE-6622854116,NSC-757364,RP27112,RTR-033474
IDI1_000740,NCGC00091612-01,NCGC00091612-02,NCGC00091612-03,NCGC00091612-05,NCGC00091612-06,NCGC00091612-07,NCGC00091612-09,NCGC00254207-01,NCGC00259294-01,Kodaflex CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) ,1,2,3-Propanetriol, Triacetate,Acetin, tri-,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) a,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) um,1,2,3-triacetoxypropane,1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate,propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate,Triacetyl glycerin,Triacetyl glycerol,1,2,3-Propanetriyl triacetate,1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) [INN],1,2,3,Propanetriol, 1,2,3-triacetate,FEMA Number 2007,Triacetylglycerin,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) e [INN-French],CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) um [INN-Latin],CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) a [INN-Spanish],NSC 4796,2-acetyloxy-1-(acetyloxymethyl)ethyl acetate,Estol 1581,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) ,I14-2610,J-000781,CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate; 1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane; 1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol; Glycerol triacetate
InChI=1/C9H14O6/c1-6(10)13-4-9(15-8(3)12)5-14-7(2)11/h9H,4-5H2,1-3H

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) has a mild, sweet taste in concentrations lower than 500 ppm, but may appear bitter at higher concentrations.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is one of the glycerine acetate compounds.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is a triglyceride, a type of lipid formed from glycerol and three fatty acids.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is used in cosmetics as a solvent, preservative and texture enhancer.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) works to help dissolve and dilute substances, creating a consistent formulation.

Beyond this, CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) assists in extending a product’s shelf life as a preservative, preventing the growth of unwanted substances within a product.
As a raw material, CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) appears as a colorless, viscous liquid.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) also has applications in the food industry.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) (glyceryl triacetate), Food Grade is used as an ingredient in many food and cosmetic products.
Its high solvency power and low volatility make CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances.
One of its main uses is as a plasticizer in chewing gum.

The United States Food and Drug Administration affirmed CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in human food.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is also generally recognized as safe in animal feeds, as a pesticide adjuvant, and in food packaging.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , Food Grade, meets all Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) specifications and is manufactured under good manufacturing practices (GMP).

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is an artificial chemical compound, commonly used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is also a component of casting liquor with TG.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.

In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) was listed as one of the 599 cigarette additives.
The CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is applied to the filter as a plasticizer.

Because CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is in some sense the simplest possible fat, it is being considered a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) .

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) , also known as Glyceryl Triacetate, is a cosmetic biocide, plasticizer, and solvent in cosmetic formulations, at concentrations ranging from 0.8% to 4.0%.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is a commonly used carrier for flavors and fragrances.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) was affirmed as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) human food ingredient by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is used as an inactive ingredient additive in some drug formulations.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) has been used as a plasticizer in the tests of acrylic polymer films for drug delivery.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is not toxic to animals.
However, in one study, CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) caused erythema, slight edema, alopecia, and desquamation, and did cause some irritation in rabbit eyes.
Concentration of CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) in consumer products is in the range of about 0.005-2 % for cosmetics, and has been reported to be as high as 15-33 % for one specific antifungal drug.


USES OF CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) :
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is a common food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent.

Uses Areas:
• Solvent in Flavorings
• Chewing Gum
• Humectant
• Pharmaceuticals
• Plasticizer
• Fuel Additive
• Cosmetic Products

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) or Glycerol Triacetate (C9H14O6 or C3H5(OCOCH3)3, 102-76-1 is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is commonly used as a food additive due to its humectant function, emulsification properties and anti fungal properties.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is widely employed as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is used as a humectant, a plasticizer and as a solvent.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent in petrol and distillates, as well as to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is used As a plasticizer and fragrance fixative, ink solvent, also used in medicine and dye synthesis.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is used As a chromatographic fixative, solvent, toughener and fragrance fixative.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is used as Humectants; carrier solvents; plasticizers; it can absorb carbon dioxide from the natural gas.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is used In the production of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and dyes, plasticizers for cigarette filter rods, and so on.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is used in cosmetics, casting, medicine, dyes and other industries.
This product is non-toxic, non-irritating.
As the substrate for the determination of lipase, perfume fixative, solvent, gas chromatographic fixative (maximum temperature of 85 ℃, solvent: methanol, chloroform), separation of gas and aldehyde analysis.

POTENTIAL USES OF CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) :
The plasticizing capabilities of CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) have been utilized in the synthesis of a biodegradable phospholipid gel system for the dissemination of the cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX).
In the study, CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) was combined with PTX, ethanol, a phospholipid and a medium chain triglyceride to form a gel-drug complex.
This complex was then injected directly into the cancer cells of glioma-bearing mice.
The gel slowly degraded and facilitated sustained release of PTX into the targeted glioma cells.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) has been considered as a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) .

PRODUCTION OF CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) :
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) can be derived from the esterification of glycerol and acetic acid.
After preheating glycerol to 50-60 ° C, add acetic acid, benzene and sulfuric acid.
Heat and stir for refluxing dehydration, and recycle the benzene.

Then add acetic anhydride for heating of 4h.
After cooling, the mixture was neutralized with 5% sodium carbonate to pH 7, and the crude layer was dried and the crude oil was dried with calcium chloride.
Distill under reduced pressure, collect the 128-131 ° C (0.93 kPa) fraction, namely glycerol triacetate.

SYNTHESIS OF CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) :
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) was first prepared in 1854 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) was prepared in the 19th century from glycerol and acetic acid.
Its synthesis from acetic anhydride and glycerol is simple and inexpensive.

3 (CH3CO)2O + 1 C3H5(OH)3 → 1 C3H5(OCOCH3)3 + 3 CH3CO2H
This synthesis has been conducted with catalytic sodium hydroxide and microwave irradiation to give a 99% yield of CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) .
It has also been conducted with a cobalt(II) Salen complex catalyst supported by silicon dioxide and heated to 50 °C for 55 minutes to give a 99% yield of CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE)

LIST OF MEDICATIONS USING CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) :
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) (C9H14O6), also known as glyceryl triacetate, is pharmaceutical excipient used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets, and has been used as a humectant, plasticizer, and solvent.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is a liquid, and has been approved by the FDA as a food additive.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is a water-soluble short-chain triglyceride that may also have a role as a parenteral nutrient according to animal studies.

CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is also used in the perfume and cosmetic industries.
CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) is listed on the FDA Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) List.
According to the FDA, CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) has been found to be non-toxic in long-term feeding tests in rats at levels that were several orders of magnitude greater than those to which consumers are exposed.

Additionally, in a toxicology report from 2002, CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) and a group of related triglycerides did not represent a hazard to human health based on the anticipated daily intake of 7.8 mg/day/adult, and other available data.
One case of skin toxicity (allergic contact eczema) due to industrial use in cigarette filter production has been reported.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) :
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CREMERCOOR TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE) :
Chemical formula C9H14O6
Molar mass 218.205 g•mol−1
Appearance Oily liquid
Density 1.155 g/cm3
Melting point −78 °C (−108 °F; 195 K)
at 760 mmHg
Boiling point 259 °C (498 °F; 532 K)
at 760 mmHg
Solubility in water 6.1 g/100 mL
Solubility Miscible in EtOH
Soluble in C6H6, (C2H5)2O, acetone
Vapor pressure 0.051 Pa (11.09 °C)
0.267 Pa (25.12 °C)
2.08 Pa (45.05 °C)
ln(P/Pa)=22.819-4493/T(K)-807000/T(K)²
Refractive index (nD) 1.4301 (20 °C)
1.4294 (24.5 °C)
Viscosity 23 cP (20 °C)
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C) 389 J/mol•K
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 458.3 J/mol•K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) −1330.8 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) 4211.6 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight:218.20400
Exact Mass:218.20
EC Number:203-051-9
UNII:XHX3C3X673
ICSC Number:1203
NSC Number:757364|4796
DSSTox ID:DTXSID3026691
Color/Form:Colorless liquid|Colorless somewhat oily liquid
HScode:2915390090
PSA:78.90000
XLogP3:0.2
Appearance:Liquid
Density:1.1562 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point:-78 °C
Boiling Point:258-260 °C
Flash Point:148ºC
Refractive Index:1.429-1.433
Water Solubility:H2O: 64.0 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions:Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Vapor Pressure:0.0141mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density:7.52 (vs air)
Toxicity:LD50 i.v. in mice: 1600 ±81 mg/kg (Wretlind)
Flammability characteristics:Lower flammable limit: 1.0% by volume at 373 deg F (189 deg C)
Explosive limit:1.05%, 189°F
Odor:Slightly fatty odor
Taste:MILD, SWEET TASTE, BITTER ABOVE 0.05%
Henrys Law Constant:Henry's Law constant = 1.2X10-8 at 25 °C atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)
Experimental Properties:Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 8.5X10-12 cu cm/mole-sec at 25 °C (est)
Autoignition Temperature:812 °F (433 °C)|433 °C
Flammable Limits:Lower flammable limit: 1.0% by volume at 373 °F (189 °C)

Melting point 3 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 258-260 °C(lit.)
Density 1.16 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 7.52 (vs air)
vapor pressure 0.00248 mm Hg @ 250C
FEMA 2007 | (TRI-)ACETIN
refractive index n25/D 1.429-1.431(lit.)
Flash point 300 °F
storage temp. Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility Soluble in water, miscible with ethanol (96 per cent) and toluene.
form Liquid
color Clear colorless
Odor Characteristic odour
explosive limit 1.05%, 189°F
Water Solubility 64.0 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck 14,9589
CRINIPAN AD

Crinipan AD is an effective anti-dandruff active ingredient widely used in personal care products, particularly in shampoos and hair care formulations.
Crinipan AD is known for its ability to combat dandruff and reduce scalp irritation, making it a popular choice in the formulation of dandruff control products.
The chemical composition of Crinipan AD provides both anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties, contributing to a healthier scalp and hair.

CAS Number: 3586-55-8
EC Number: 222-720-6

Synonyms: Crinipan AD, Climbazole, Anti-Dandruff Active, Anti-Fungal Agent, Dandruff Control Ingredient, Hair Care Active, 1-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1-imidazolyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone, Climbazole AD, Antimicrobial Agent, Climbazole Powder, Dandruff Treatment Active, Anti-Dandruff Climbazole, Hair Scalp Treatment Active, 4-Chlorophenoxy-1-imidazolyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone, Hair Care Additive, Crinipan Climbazole, Anti-Microbial Climbazole, Dandruff Solution Agent, Fungistatic Climbazole, Hair Health Active, Climbazole Anti-Dandruff, Climbazole Hair Care



APPLICATIONS


Crinipan AD is extensively used as an active ingredient in anti-dandruff shampoos, providing effective control of dandruff and scalp irritation.
Crinipan AD is favored in the production of scalp treatments, where it helps to soothe and protect the scalp from fungal infections.
Crinipan AD is utilized in the formulation of hair care products designed to prevent dandruff recurrence and maintain a healthy scalp.

Crinipan AD is widely used in the production of leave-in hair treatments, offering long-lasting anti-dandruff benefits.
Crinipan AD is employed in the formulation of hair conditioners that are specifically targeted at dandruff-prone scalps.
Crinipan AD is essential in the development of hair masks and treatments that aim to restore scalp health and reduce flakiness.

Crinipan AD is utilized in the creation of scalp serums, providing concentrated anti-dandruff action and soothing effects.
Crinipan AD is a key ingredient in the formulation of medicated shampoos, offering therapeutic benefits for those with severe dandruff issues.
Crinipan AD is used in the development of hair oils that promote a balanced and irritation-free scalp environment.

Crinipan AD is applied in the formulation of scalp sprays, providing quick and effective relief from dandruff symptoms.
Crinipan AD is employed in the production of anti-dandruff scalp scrubs, helping to exfoliate dead skin cells and reduce dandruff.
Crinipan AD is used in the creation of hair and scalp tonics, contributing to overall scalp health and dandruff prevention.

Crinipan AD is found in the formulation of dandruff control hair styling products, such as gels and creams, ensuring a dandruff-free finish.
Crinipan AD is used in the production of hair detanglers that also offer anti-dandruff benefits.
Crinipan AD is utilized in the development of scalp lotions, providing hydration and anti-dandruff protection.

Crinipan AD is employed in the formulation of dry shampoos that target dandruff and scalp irritation.
Crinipan AD is used in the production of anti-dandruff hair serums that can be applied directly to the scalp for targeted treatment.
Crinipan AD is a key ingredient in the creation of anti-dandruff hair foams, providing easy application and effective results.



DESCRIPTION


Crinipan AD is an effective anti-dandruff active ingredient widely used in personal care products, particularly in shampoos and hair care formulations.
Crinipan AD is known for its ability to combat dandruff and reduce scalp irritation, making it a popular choice in the formulation of dandruff control products.

Crinipan AD is a versatile ingredient used in various hair care applications to maintain a healthy scalp environment.
Crinipan AD provides both anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties, which help in preventing the growth of dandruff-causing microorganisms on the scalp.
Crinipan AD is often incorporated into leave-in treatments, conditioners, and other hair care products aimed at providing continuous dandruff protection.

Crinipan AD is recognized for its stability and effectiveness in both rinse-off and leave-in formulations.
Crinipan AD is commonly included in products designed for daily use, offering gentle yet effective dandruff control without causing irritation.
Crinipan AD enhances the overall effectiveness of hair care products by providing long-lasting protection against dandruff and promoting a healthy scalp.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C15H17ClN2O2
Common Name: Crinipan AD (Climbazole)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Density: 1.3 g/cm³
Melting Point: 96-98°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohols and organic solvents
Flash Point: 180°C
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Crinipan AD is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Crinipan AD is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of dust.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Crinipan AD to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Crinipan AD.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Crinipan AD in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of dust and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where dust may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Crinipan AD at temperatures between 15-25°C as recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Crinipan AD away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizers.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Crinipan AD to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of cosmetic ingredients.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.
CRODAMIDE EBS
CRODAMIDE EBS = ETHYLENE BIS(STEARAMIDE)


CAS Number: 110-30-5
EC Number: 203-755-6
MDL number: MFCD00059224
Molecular Formula: C38H76N2O2 / [CH3(CH2)16CONHCH2-]2



Crodamide EBS acts as a slip and anti-block additive.
Crodamide EBS is based on a non-vegetable origin, secondary bis-amide.
Crodamide EBS offers mold release benefits in polyamides (nylon).
Crodamide EBS disperses evenly through the polymer in the melt phase, and migrates to the surface where it forms a thin lubricating layer that reduces coefficient of friction between surfaces and reduces unwanted adhesion.


Crodamide EBS also functions as an external lubricant for PVC and a process aid for polyolefins.
Crodamide EBS is suitable for composites, styrenics and rubber.
The recommended dosage levels are 500-2000 ppm in films and 0.2-1.0% in molding applications.
Crodamide EBS is EU 10/2011, FDA (175.105) and FDA (175.300) approved.


Crodamide EBS has a shelf life of 365 days.
Crodamide EBS is also available in bead form.
Crodamide EBS is ethylene-bis-stearamide of non-vegetable origin.
Crodamide EBS is a secondary bis amide effective as an anti-block agent and process aid for polyolefins.


Crodamide EBS is a secondary bis-amide additive.
Crodamide EBS has good anti-blocking properties in polyolefins.
Crodamide EBS is an organic compound with the formula (CH2NHC(O)C17H35)2.
Crodamide EBS is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.


Crodamide EBS is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.
Crodamide EBS is a white solid of low toxicity that provides a slippery coating for a variety of applications.
Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax with high melting point.


Crodamide EBS is a hard and brittle white high melting point wax.
Crodamide EBS's industrial products are slightly yellow particles or white powder, non-toxic, and have no side effects on the human body.
Crodamide EBS is an organic compound with the formula (CH2NHC(O)C17H35)2.
Crodamide EBS is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.


Crodamide EBS is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.
Crodamide EBS is a white solid of low toxicity that provides a slippery coating for a variety of applications.
Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax that has fatty amide groups that can interact with the surface of a variety of nanoparticles.
Synthhetic wax having high melting point, Crodamide EBS has some functions as internal and external lubricant, releasing and dispersion agent of pigment for the most thermosetting and thermoplastic resins.


Crodamide EBS is derived from stearic acid and ethylenediamine.
Crodamide EBS is white or slight yellow powder or granule.
Crodamide EBS is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.
Crodamide EBS is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.


Crodamide EBS is an amide wax.
Crodamide EBS has low acid value ( free fatty acid ), high melting point, and excellent white colour, and high purity.
Crodamide EBS is white spherical particle.
Crodamide EBS is insoluble in most organic solvents at room temperature.


Crodamide EBS is stable to acid, alkali and water medium.
Crodamide EBS is soluble in hot chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.
Wettability is available for water above 80°C.
Crodamide EBS is an amide wax of type N,N-bis-stearyl ethylenediamine with particularly good thermostability.


Crodamide EBS is an amide wax of type N,N-bis-stearyl-ethylenediamine.
Compatible with styrene & styrenic copolymer, PVC, PO and PS.
Crodamide EBS exhibits good thermostability and excellent slip properties.
Crodamide EBS is an amide wax of type N,N-bis-stearyl ethylenediamine with particularly good thermostability.


Crodamide EBS has no influence on the transparency of the Polymers.
Crodamide EBS is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.
Crodamide EBS is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.
Crodamide EBS is a white solid that provides a slippery coating for a variety of applications.


Crodamide EBS is a hard and brittle white high melting point wax, Crodamide EBS's industrial products are slightly yellow fine particles.
Crodamide EBS is insoluble in most solvents at room temperature, stable to acids and bases, and aqueous media, soluble in hot chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons solvents.
Crodamide EBS has slippery feeling strong, above 80 ℃ to water with wettability of the compound.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CRODAMIDE EBS:
Crodamide EBS is added to oil based defoamers to improve foam knock down.
Crodamide EBS can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.
Crodamide EBS has proven mould release action in polyamides, and is a lubricant for PVC.
Crodamide EBS is a bis-amide anti-blocking additive used to prevent blocking and as anti-tack of adhesives.


Crodamide EBS is used to prevent the adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Crodamide EBS has proven mold release benefits in nylon and is a lubricant for PVC.
Crodamide EBS is an internal additive and can be incorporated into resin as supplied or via masterbatch / pre-blend.


Experience has shown that simple manual mixing prior to processing will normally give an acceptable dispersion though, mechanical means are preferred.
Typical addition levels vary depending on polymer and lubrication required.
Croda recommends around 500 - 2000ppm in films and 0.2 - 1.0% in molding applications.


Crodamide EBS acts as a slip and anti-block agent, mold release agent and lubricant for PVC.
Crodamide EBS is non-toxic and can be dispersed evenly through the polymer in the melt phase.
Crodamide EBS migrates to the surface of the polymer where it forms a thin lubricating layer.


Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability, to decrease friction and abrasion of the polymer surface, and to contribute color stability and polymer degradation.
Crodamide EBS is also used in process industries as release agent and antistatic agent for the production of thermoplastics,and wiring.


Crodamide EBS is used in powder metallurgy.
Crodamide EBS, a new plastic lubricant developed in recent years, is widely used in the molding and processing of PVC products, ABS, high impact polystyrene, polyolefin, rubber and plastic products.
Crodamide EBS is compared with traditional lubricants such as paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, stearate, etc.


Crodamide EBS not only has good external lubrication effect, but also has good internal lubrication effect, which improves the fluidity and demoulding property of melted plastic in plastic molding process, thus improving the yield of plastic processing, reducing energy consumption, and making the product obtain high surface smoothness and smoothness.
Because of Crodamide EBS's excellent lubricating properties, Crodamide EBS is widely used internally and/or externally in most plastics such as ABS, PS, PP, etc.


Crodamide EBS is used as additive Ethylenebisstearamide can be incorporated directly into polymers to prevent any unwanted adhesion.
Crodamide EBS is used to prevent adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Crodamide EBS can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.


Crodamide EBS can also be a binder in the precise engineering metal part.
Due to Crodamide EBS's good dispersing ability and surface migration Crodamide EBS can be used in printing inks.
When used in asphalt binder for road making (asphalt modifiers), Crodamide EBS increases its softening point and enhances its visco-elasticity.
Lubricant in powder metal molding, rubber, adhesives, coatings, wire drawing, wood plastic composite.


Defoamer in paper, Lubricant for Polyacetals, Water repellent for paper, Intermediate for defoamers.
Delustering agent for furniture finishes and printing inks.
Dispersing agent for masterbatch applications, preferably for engineering resins and PVC.
Modifier in textile auxiliaries.


Crodamide EBS is used as lubricant with good inner or outer lubricant action and has good coordination when used together with other lubricants as high grade alcohols, aliphatic acid esters, calcium stearate and paraffin.
In the processing of ABS, AS, hard PVC, polyformaldehyde, polycarbonate, polyurethane and phenolformaldehyde resins, Crodamide EBS is used as lubricant demoulding agent with a quantity of 0.5~1.5 %.


Crodamide EBS is used as anti-adhesive agent for various polymer film or sheets.
An addition of 0.5-1 % of Crodamide EBS can not only prevent the occurrence of air bubbles but also make the plastic bags be slippery so as to be opened easily.
Crodamide EBS can remarkably enhance the heat-resistant and weather-resistant properties while coordinating with chief stabilizer in formulation of inorganic filler for PVC and polyolefin.


As Crodamide EBS has strong cohesions with pigment or other filler, Crodamide EBS can improve the dispersion and coupling property of fillers in the polymers to enhance the commercial value of the products.
Crodamide EBS is used as nucleation transparency agent to reduce the nucleating time in compounds such as polyolefins, polyformaldehyde and polyamide, promote the structure of resin to become fine, thus improve the mechanical property and transparency of the products.


Crodamide EBS can improve the heat-resistant, weather-resistant property of polyester and polyamide and bring about certain antistatic effects.
Crodamide EBS is used in the spinning of antistatic nylon fiber as additive and also is able to reduce the breaking of yarn.
Crodamide EBS is used as processing auxiliary of rubber.


Besides the lubricant demoulding property and modifying performance of filler surface, Crodamide EBS can raise the surface fineness of rubber pipes and rubber plates to act as rubber surface polishing agent.
Crodamide EBS improves the kneading, processing and vulcanization performance of rubber grains in the processing of rubber.


Added in the coating production to increase the uniform dispersion of pigment and filler, improve the surface leveling property of baking paint, prevent the stripping off of paint film and improve water-proof and acid-resistant and alkali-resistant property.
In nitrocellulose lacquers, Crodamide EBS can bring about the flatting action.


Crodamide EBS is used as lubricant in powder metallurgy (PM) steels to reduce the inter-particle and die-wall friction during pressing and hence improve powder compressibility and ejection of the component from the compaction tool.
Crodamide EBS can help to increase the melting point of petroleum products; lubricant and corrosive agent of metal wire drawing.
Crodamide EBS can help to increase the smoothness and fineness for insulator layer of electric power and cable.


Crodamide EBS can decrease the viscosity of asphalt and improve Crodamide EBS’s softening point and weathering resistance when added to asphalt.
Crodamide EBS derived from stearic acid with ethylene diamine is a synthetic was used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability.
Crodamide EBS is also used as a release agents, antistats, and antifoaming agent.


Crodamide EBS is used as defoamer/ anti-foaming agent and coating component of paper for paper-making industry.
Crodamide EBS is added in the manufacturing process of dope and oil paint to enhance salt mist and dampproof effect and to improve performance of paint remover.
As Crodamide EBS has good wearable performance and smoothing performance, fits for improving polishing performance of lacquer, air release of surface with holes, Crodamide EBS is also well used as dulling agent for polishing furniture and printing ink.


Crodamide EBS is used for lubricant of plastic and metal molding, adhesion preventives, viscosity modifier, anti-corrosion of wax, water resistance of coating and spray paint.
Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits.
Crodamide EBS is also used as release agents, antistatic agents, and antifoaming agents.


Crodamide EBS can be used for a wide range of applications such as lubricants, activators and dispersing agents that reduce the friction in the system and increase the rate of processing.
Crodamide EBS is used in Raw materials, Ethylenediamine Trap Stearic acid, Preparation Products, defoaming agent OTD.


Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability, to decrease friction and abrasion of the polymer surface, and to contribute color stability and polymer degradation.
Crodamide EBS is also used in process industries as release agent and antistatic agent for the production of thermoplastics,and wiring.


Crodamide EBS is used in powder metallurgy.
Crodamide EBS is used in various industries as internal/external lubricant, mold release agent, dispersant and slip- and anti-blocking-agent.
Because of Crodamide EBS's excellent lubricating properties Crodamide EBS is widely used internally and/or externally in most plastics such as ABS, PS, PP etc.


Crodamide EBS is used as additive Crodamide EBS can be incorporated directly into polymers to prevent any unwanted adhesion.
Adhesive pellets or film often develop adhesion between the polymer pellets or layers when exposed to elevated temperatures and pressures.
Crodamide EBS can be found in industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation in materials and as processing aid.


Crodamide EBS can be found in: outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).
Crodamide EBS can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys).


Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, coating products, inks and toners and polishes and waxes.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Crodamide EBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.


Crodamide EBS can be found in: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: polymers, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.


Crodamide EBS can be found in industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, as processing aid, manufacturing of the substance and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, polymers, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, metal working fluids, textile treatment products and dyes and coating products.


Crodamide EBS is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Crodamide EBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products, textile, leather or fur, machinery and vehicles and chemicals.


Crodamide EBS can be found in industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, in the production of articles, formulation in materials, formulation of mixtures and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Crodamide EBS can be found in: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).


Crodamide EBS is used to prevent adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Crodamide EBS can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.
Crodamide EBS is a bis-amide polymer additive that lowers the temperature at which the asphalt softens.


Crodamide EBS is used as processing aid for resins and polymers and as defoaming agent.
Crodamide EBS is traditionally used as lubricant and binder for cold compaction of powdered metal parts.
Crodamide EBS is a bis-amide polymer additive that lowers the temperature at which the asphalt softens.
Crodamide EBS is used as processing aid for resins and polymers and as defoaming agent.


Crodamide EBS is traditionally used as lubricant and binder for cold compaction of powdered metal parts.
Crodamide EBS is used as a processing aid for resins and polymers and as a defoaming agent.
Crodamide EBS is an effective lubricant, processing aid, slip additive and pigment dispersant aid for most polymers.
Crodamide EBS is an ethylenebisstearamide, specifically developed to afford low, consistent viscosities and superior cost performance in paper pulp defoamer applications.


Crodamide EBS is useful as defoamer for paper making and textile processing .
Crodamide EBS is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, coating products, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.


Slip- and anti-blocking agent for polyolefins and PVC, especially for film applications and also lubricant for wood plastic composites and plastics.
Crodamide EBS is used as Dispersing agent for masterbatch applications, preferably for engineering resins and PVC.
Crodamide EBS provides typical slip and anti blocking characteristics to all polymers e.g. in films.


Crodamide EBS is used Anti-Blocking Agent, Release Agent, Slip Agent, Flow Promoter
Crodamide EBS improves flow and has no influence on transparency of polymers.
Crodamide EBS acts as a lubricant, release & antiblocking agent for all engineering resins and dispersing agent for masterbatch applications.
Crodamide EBS provides typical slip and anti blocking characteristics to all polymers.


Crodamide EBS powder does not affect the transparency of polymers and acts as lubricant in a wide variety of polymers like PVC, PO, PS and engineering plastics.
Crodamide EBS is used as an internal and external slip agent in many thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics, the most representative ones are ABS, PS, ABS, PVC, also used in PE, PP, PVAC, cellulose, Accurate, Nylon, phenolic-Resin, amino plastics.


Crodamide EBS has a good finish and good film release.
Crodamide EBS is used as a lubricant of polyformaldehyde, the addition amount is 0.5%, which improves the melt flow rate and the film release, and the whiteness, thermal stability and physical index of polyformaldehyde all reach the superior index.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, coating products, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.


Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, coating products, inks and toners and polishes and waxes.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Crodamide EBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.


Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: polymers, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Crodamide EBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products, textile, leather or fur, machinery and vehicles and chemicals.
Crodamide EBS is also used in process industries as release agent and antistatic agent for the production of thermoplastics,and wiring.


Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability, to decrease friction and abrasion of the polymer surface, and to contribute color stability and polymer degradation.


Crodamide EBS is used in powder metallurgy.
Lubrication performance is excellent, anti-calcium salt ability is strong, drag reduction effect is good, used for drilling in saturated brine to reduce power consumption.
Crodamide EBS is used in various industries as internal/external lubricant, mold release agent, dispersant and slip- and anti-blocking-agent.


Because of Crodamide EBS's excellent lubricating properties, Crodamide EBS is widely used internally and/or externally in most plastics such as ABS, PS, PP etc.
Crodamide EBS is used as additive EBS can be incorporated directly into polymers to prevent any unwanted adhesion.
Adhesive pellets or film often develop adhesion between the polymer pellets or layers when exposed to elevated temperatures and pressures.


Crodamide EBS is used to prevent adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Crodamide EBS can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.
Crodamide EBS is used as an additive for hot melt adhesives.


-Consumer Goods:
*Appliances & Electronics
*Adhesives & Sealants: Industrial & *Assembly Adhesives
*Electronics Adhesives
*Industrial Manufacturing
*Healthcare & Pharma — Medical
*Medical Tapes & Adhesives
*Electrical & Electronics — Packaging & Assembly
*Adhesives & Sealants
*Adhesive & Sealant Type


-Plastic uses of Crodamide EBS:
Lubricants inside or outside many plastics such as ABS, PS, AS, PVC, PE, PP, PVAC, cellulose acetate, nylon, phenolic resin and amino plastics.
Crodamide EBS has a good surface quality and demoulding performance.


-Rubber uses of Crodamide EBS:
Synthetic resin and rubber will have good anti-adhesive and anti-caking effect by adding Crodamide EBS in their emulsion.
Crodamide EBS has a good effect to the increase surface gloss when added to rubber products.
-Chemical fiber:
Crodamide EBS can improve heat and weather resistance performance of polyester and polyamide fiber, and has some anti-static effect.


-Pigment and filler use of Crodamide EBS:
Crodamide EBS can be used as pigment dispersant of plastic , fiber, such as ABS, PS, polypropylene fibre and PET fiber and other color masterbatch.
-Viscosity controlling agents:
Crodamide EBS is used in various industries as internal/external lubricant, mold release agent, dispersant and slip- and anti-blocking-agent.


-Coatings and printing ink use of Crodamide EBS:
When manufacturing coating and painting, Crodamide EBS can improve the effect of salt spray and moistureproof by adding Crodamide EBS.
Crodamide EBS can help to improve the paint stripper performance of paint when added, and to increase the leveling performance of baking enamel varnish.


-Applications of Crodamide EBS:
*Adhesives & sealants
*Composites
*Inks
-Application of Crodamide EBS:
Water treatment


-Mode of action:
Crodamide EBS can be dispersed evenly through the polymer in the melt phase.
Crodamide EBS migrates to the surface of the polymer where it forms a thin lubricating layer.
This layer reduces the coefficient of friction between surfaces and prevents any unwanted adhesion.


-Chemical fiber uses of Crodamide EBS:
Crodamide EBS can improve the heat and weather resistance, fluidity of polyester, polyamide fiber, and give a certain anti-static effect.
-Rubber:
Synthetic resins and rubber such as Vinyl, polychloroprene, GRS (SBR) add 1~3% EBS to their emulsions, it has a good anti-viscosity and anti-caking effect, EBS is used in floor mats for automobiles, drainage pipes, and other rubber products to increase the effect of surface gloss.


-Pigment, and filler dispersant use of Crodamide EBS:
*Crodamide EBS is used as a pigment dispersant for plastic.
*Pigment dispersant for chemical fiber masterbatches, such as ABS, PS, polypropylene, polyester masterbatches.
*Crodamide EBS can also be used as diffusion powder for plastic color matching.
*Depending on the amount of pigment and filler added, the addition amount is 0.5~5%.


-Paint, and Ink use of Crodamide EBS:
*Adding 0.5~2% Crodamide EBS can improve the effect of salt spray and moisture resistance in the manufacture of paint and lacquer.
*Adding Crodamide EBS in the paint can improve the performance of the paint stripper and can improve the leveling of the baked enamel surface.
*Crodamide EBS can be used as a matting agent in furniture polishing agents and printing ink.
*After micronization (particle size: d50 about 6μ, d 90 about 12μ), Crodamide EBS has excellent anti-abrasion and smoothness and can be used in lacquer systems to improve polishability and degassing on a porous surface.


-Other uses of Crodamide EBS:
*Melting point rising agent for petroleum products
*Lubricant and anti-corrosion agent for metal drawing
*Potting material for electrical components; defoaming agent and paper coating ingredient for paper industry
*Crodamide EBS is used as a defoaming agent and permanent water pulling agent for dyeing works in textile dyeing and finishing
*Adding this product in asphalt can reduce the viscosity of asphalt and improve the softening point, water-resistance and weather resistance of asphalt.



BENEFITS of CRODAMIDE EBS:
*Anti-block
*Dispersion
*Mold release
*External lubricant for PVC
*Hydrophobic solid particle
*Quickly penetrates through surfactant bilayer
*Inherently biodegradable



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CRODAMIDE EBS:
Appearance: White, waxy crystals
Odor: Odourless
Melting point: 144 to 146 °C (291 to 295 °F; 417 to 419 K)
Flash point: 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K)
Physical state: Beads
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/range: 144 - 146 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 260 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: ca.270 °C - DIN 51758
Autoignition temperature: ca.380 °C at 1.013 hPa - DIN 51794
Decomposition temperature: > 200 °C -
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: ca.10 mPa.s at 150 °C
Water solubility at 20 °C: insoluble

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 13,98 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: Not applicable
Density: 1 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 720.34 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 213.00 °F. TCC ( 100.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 14.787 (est)
Soluble in: water, 2.049e-010 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Molecular Weight: 593.0
XLogP3-AA: 15.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 35
Exact Mass: 592.59067967
Monoisotopic Mass: 592.59067967
Topological Polar Surface Area: 58.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 42
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 503
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: 144-146 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 646.41°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (20℃)
vapor pressure: 0.000023 Pa (20 °C)
refractive index: 1.4670 (estimate)
Flash point: 280℃
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: ketones, alcohols and aromatic solvents at their boiling points: soluble
pka: 15.53±0.46(Predicted)
form: beads
Appearance: Powdery
Smell: No smell
Color (Gardner): ≤3#
Melting Point (℃): 141.5-146.5
Acid Value (mgKOH/g): ≤7.50
Amine value (mgKOH/g): ≤2.50
Moisture (wt%): ≤0.30
Mechanical impurity: Φ0.1-0.2mm(individual/10g)



FIRST AID MEASURES of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Control parameters
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
N,N-ethylenedi(stearamide)
1,2-distearamidoethane
N,N-Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
N,N'-ethylene bis-stearamide
N,N'-ethane-1,2-diyldioctadecanamide
2,5-dihexadecylhexanediamide
1,2-Bis(stearoylamino) ethane
N,N′-1,2-Ethanediylbisoctadecanamide
N,N′-Ethylenedi(stearamide)
Ethylene distearylamide
N,N′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)di(octadecanamide)
n,;ETHYLENE-BIS-STEARAMIDE
waxc
EBSA
advawax
acrawaxc
acrowaxc
lubrolea
5-AC-13C4
acrawaxct
110-30-5
N,N'-Ethylenebis(stearamide)
Plastflow
Ethylene distearamide
N,N'-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)distearamide
Advawax
Acrowax C
Acrawax CT
Lubrol EA
Ethylenedistearamide
Microtomic 280
Advawachs 280
Ethylenebis(stearylamide)
Abril wax 10DS
Carlisle 280
Nopcowax 22-DS
Ethylenebisstearoamide
Advawax 275
Advawax 280
Carlisle Wax 280
Armowax ebs-P
Ethylenebis(stearamide)
Octadecanamide, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis-
N,N'-Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
1,2-Bis(octadecanamido)ethane
Chemetron 100
N,N'-ETHYLENE DISTEARYLAMIDE
N,N'-Ethylenedistearamide
Ethylenediamine steardiamide
Ethylenediamine bisstearamide
N,N'-Distearoylethylenediamine
Ethylenebisstearamide
N,N'-Ethylenebisstearamide
NN'-Ethylenebis(stearamide)
Stearic acid, ethylenediamine diamide
Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
Octadecanamide, N,N'-ethylenebis-
UNII-603RP8TB9A
N-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide
N,N-Ethylenebis(stearamide)
603RP8TB9A
N,N'-ethane-1,2-diyldioctadecanamide
Acrawax C
Kemamide W 40
N,N'-Ethylenedi(stearamide)
WAX C
N,N-Ethylenebisstearamide
CCRIS 2293
ethylene bisstearamide
HSDB 5398
Ethylene bis stearamide
Ethylene bis(stearamide)
EINECS 203-755-6
NSC 83613
N,N'-Ethylene bisstearamide
AI3-08515
N,N'-ethylene-bis-stearic amide
Abluwax EBS
Armowax EBS
Dorset WAX
C38H76N2O2
N,N'-ethylenebis
Glycowax 765
Kemamide W-39
Kemamide W-40
N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbisoctadecanamide
Uniwax 1760
EC 203-755-6
Ethylene Bis Stearamide SF
SCHEMBL19975
Octadecanamide,N'-ethylenebis-
DTXSID4026840
NSC83613
MFCD00059224
NSC-83613
ZINC85733714
AKOS015915120
Octadecanamide,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis-
DS-6811
E0243
FT-0629590
V0595
D70357
N,N'-Ethylenebis(stearamide), beads, A802179
Q5404472
W-108690
2,5-dihexadecylhexanediamide;N,N'-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)distearamide
Plastic additive 03, European Pharmacopoeia (EP)
n,n'-ethylenebisoctadecanamide (mixture of fatty acid amides) (consists of c14, c16 and c18)
N,N'-Ethylenedi(stearamide)
1,2-Bis(stearoylamino) ethane
N,N′-1,2-Ethanediylbisoctadecanamide
Ethylene distearylamide
Ethylene bisstearamide
Ethylene distearamide
EBS
1,2- Bis(octadecanamido)ethane
Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
Ethylenebis(stearylamide)
Ethylenediamine bisstearamide
N-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide
N-(2-stearamidoethyl)stearamide
N,N'-Distearoylethylenediamine
N,N'-ethane-1,2-diyldioctadecanamide
N,N'-Ethylenedistearamide
n,n'-Ethylene distearylamide
Octadecanamide


CROMOPHTAL YELLOW L 0990
(+-)-Menthol; 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol; (1R,2S,5R)-Menthol; 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-cyclohexanol; Menthyl alcohol; (1 alpha, 2 beta, 5alpha)-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol; Hexahydrothymol; Menthol; cis-1,3,trans-1,4-menthol; Menthomenthol; p-Menthan-3-ol; Peppermint Camphor; Racementhol; Racemic menthol; Hexahydrothymol; Menthol racemique; Racementholum; rac-Menthol; (1R,2S,5R)-rel- 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol; dl-Menthol CAS NO:89-78-1; 15356-70-4(racementhol), 2216-51-5; 98167-53-4(Levomenthol)
CRYOLITE
Cryolite is a white or colorless mineral form of sodium aluminofluoride, which crystallizes in the monoclinic system but has a pseudocubic aspect.
Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012°C (1285 K) and can melt aluminum oxides well enough to allow easy removal of aluminum by electrolysis.
The chemical name of cryolite is sodium hexafluoroaluminate and Cryolite chemical formula is Na3AlF6.

CAS Number: 15096-52-3
EC Number: 239-148-8
Molecular Formula: AlF6Na3
Molecular weight: 209,94

Cryolite found in large quantities in South Greenland.
Cryolite is white or colorless, but may be reddish or brown because of impurities.

Cryolite is used as a flux in the manufacture of aluminum.
Cryolite crystallizes in the monoclinic system but in forms that closely resemble cubes and isometric octahedrals.

Cryolite is primarily used as a flux in the smelting and electrolytic production of aluminium.
Cryolite is generally manufactured from aluminium oxide, sodium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid or their equivalent reagent — hexafluorosilicic acid.

Cryolite is used as a solvent for electrolysis aluminum oxides such as bauxite, whitener for enamels and an opacifier for glass and in the industrial production of aluminum.

Cryolite is used chiefly as a flux in the electrolytic production of aluminum from bauxite as Cryolite effectively lowers down the melting point of alumina.
Cryolite is used in the glass and enamel industries, in bonded abrasives as a filler, in making salts of sodium and aluminum and porcelaneous glass and in the manufacture of insecticides.

Cryolite occurs in nature as the mineral cryolite.
Aqueous suspensions of powdered Cryolite is used as insecticides.

Cryolite is a white or colorless mineral form of sodium aluminofluoride, which crystallizes in the monoclinic system but has a pseudocubic aspect.

Cryolite is mined in significant quantities in Greenland ( so also known as Greenland spar; ice stone), and in small amounts in elsewhere.
Cryolite is manufactured from hydrofluoric acid, sodium carbonate, and aluminium.

Cryolite is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Cryolite is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral identified with the once-large deposit at Ivittuut on the west coast of Greenland, mined commercially until 1987.
Cryolite is an inorganic sodium salt and a perfluorometallate salt.

Cryolite has been used historically as an aluminum ore and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminum-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminum oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).
The difficulty of separating aluminum from oxygen in oxide ores has been overcome by using cryolite as a flux to dissolve oxide minerals.

Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012°C (1285 K) and can melt aluminum oxides well enough to allow easy removal of aluminum by electrolysis.
A significant amount of energy is still required to heat materials and electrolysis, but will be much more energy efficient than melting oxides.
Since natural cryolite is too little to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminum fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.

Cryolite, colourless to white halide mineral, sodium aluminum fluoride (Na3AlF6).
Cryolite occurs in a large deposit at Ivigtut, Greenland, and in small amounts in Spain, Colorado, U.S., and elsewhere.

Cryolite is used as a solvent for bauxite in the electrolytic production of aluminum and has various other metallurgical applications, and Cryolite is used in the glass and enamel industries, in bonded abrasives as a filler, and in the manufacture of insecticides.
A large amount of synthetic cryolite is made from fluorite.

The chemical name of cryolite is sodium hexafluoroaluminate and Cryolite chemical formula is Na3AlF6.
Cryolite's a rare mineral associated with the once-large deposit at Ivittuut on Greenland's west coast, which was depleted by 1987.

Cryolite, sodium aluminium fluoride, is a colourless to white halide mineral.
Cryolite's found in large quantities in Ivigtut, Greenland, and in small amounts in Spain, Colorado, and other places. 

Cryolite is used as a solvent for bauxite in the electrolytic production of aluminium and has various other metallurgical applications, and Cryolite is used in the glass or ceramic industries and enamel factories, inbounded abrasives as filtering membranes, and in the manufacture of insect-killing chemicals (insecticides).
A huge amount of synthetic or artificial cryolite is made from fluorite.

Sodium aluminum fluoride appears as an odorless white solid or powder.
Dust irritates the eyes and skin; inhaled dust irritates the nose, mouth and lungs.

Cryolite is a double fluoride of sodium and aluminium and has a stoichiometry very near the foumula Na3AIf6 and a melting point of about 1,010 0C.
Cryolites occurrence in substantial quantities was established in Greenland and was mined extensively there in the early twentieth century, but the mine is now essentially exhausted.

Cryolite is colourless to white but occurs in other shades too, for instance brown, red and some times black.
Cryolite has a specific gravity of about 2.5 to 3.
Cryolite hasa low index of refraction close to that of water.

Synthetic cryolite is used as an electrolyte in the reduction of alumina to aluminium due to nonavailability of natural cryolite.
Composition and properties of synthetic cryolite are the same as those of natural cryolite, but synthetic cryolite is often deficient in sodium fluoride.

Cryolite is an unusual mineral with an interesting history.
Cryolite was commercially mined in large quantities in Greenland since the mid-1800's, and this one locality produced almost the entire source of collectors specimen.

Cryolite's economic importance was as a flux for the production of aluminum, but Cryolite significance became entirely diminished once Cryolite was able to be synthesized.
This made the mining operation no longer necessary, and mining and production of Cryolite was entirely stopped.

Cryolite is usually lightly colored, and Cryolite commonly associated with contrasting dark brownish yellow Siderite.
The Siderite may also be in microcrystals covering the Cryolite, making Cryolite appear yellow or brown.
Cryolite has a very low refractive index, similar to water, and therefor if transparent pieces put in water, they will blend right in and be hard to distinguish in the water.

Crylolite is name afte the Greek words kryos - Ice, and lithos - stone, based on the typical icy-white color of this mineral.

Cryolite is something of an enigma among minerals.
Cryolite is rare, and Cryolite only significant deposit is located on the remote coast of Greenland.

Nevertheless, cryolite was once of critical industrial and strategic importance.
And Cryolite is the only mineral that has ever been mined to commercial extinction.

Cryolite, or sodium aluminum fluoride (Na3AlF6), consists of 12.85 percent aluminum, 54.30 percent fluorine, and 32.85 percent sodium.
Cryolite crystallizes in the monoclinic system, but occurs primarily in massive form.
With a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 2.98, cryolite is much softer and a bit denser than quartz.

Usually colorless, white or gray, Cryolite is transparent to translucent and exhibits a vitreous-to-pearly luster.
Because Cryolite refractive index approximates that of water, transparent, colorless cryolite becomes almost invisible when placed in water.
And cryolite is not only ice-like in appearance; Cryolite name, which stems from the Greek words kryos, or “ice,” and lithos, or “stone,” means “ice stone.”

Greenland’s indigenous Inuit called cryolite “the ice that never melts.”

Cryolite (Na3[AlF6]), sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral identified with the once large deposit at Ivigtût on the west coast of Greenland, depleted by 1987.

Cryolite was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).
The difficulty of separating aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of cryolite as a flux to dissolve the oxide mineral(s).

Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012 °C (1285 K), and Cryolite can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis.
Substantial energy is still needed for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but Cryolite is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves.
As natural cryolite is too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.

Cryolite occurs as glassy, colorless, white-reddish to gray-black prismatic monoclinic crystals.
Cryolite has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3 and a specific gravity of about 2.95 to 3.0.
Cryolite is translucent to transparent with a very low refractive index of about 1.34, which is very close to that of water; thus if immersed in water, cryolite becomes essentially invisible.

Cryolite is commonly used as an electrolyte for aluminum electrolysis.
Cryolite’s clear or white to yellowish, but can also be black or purple.

The name of Cryolite comes from the Greek κρύος, frost, and λίθος, stone, meaning “ice-stone” in allusion to Cryolite appearance.
Cryolite was commercially mined in large quantities in Greenland since the mid-1800’s, and used as flux for the production of aluminum.
Cryolite’s a curiosity mineral.

Cryolite (Na3AlF6) is a fluorine-rich mineral (54.30 wt.% F).
Cryolite used to be commercially exploited in Ivigtut (Greenland) until the reserve exhausted in 1986.

The occurrence of this mineral is reported in few localities in the world.
Nowadays, the only commercial Cryolite deposit worldwide is found in Pitinga (Amazonas State, Brazil).

Cryolite has been used as an insecticide and pesticide.
However, Cryolite main use is in the electrolytic production of aluminum metal (the Hall-Héroult process) in which alumina (Al2O3) is dissolved in a bath consisting primarily of molten Cryolite.
Cryolite is manufactured from alumina, hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide according to the following reaction

Cryolite has also been reported at Pikes Peak, Colorado; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec; and at Miass, Russia.
Cryolite is also known in small quantities in Brazil, the Czech Republic, Namibia, Norway, Ukraine, and several American states.

Cryolite was first described in 1799 from a deposit of Cryolite in Ivigtut and nearby Arsuk Fjord, Southwest Greenland.
The name is derived from the Greek language words cryò = chill, and lithòs = stone.
The Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company used large amounts of cryolite to make caustic soda at Cryolite Natrona, Pennsylvania works during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Cryolite is a scarce mineral.
Cryolite consists of sodium fluoride bonds and aluminium fluoride bonds.

On immersing Cryolite in water, Cryolite becomes invisible.
Due to Cryolite similar refractive properties with water, Cryolite becomes invisible, although Cryolite does not dissolve.

Cryolite minerals are found in vast quantities in Greenland.
Nowadays, cryolite mineral is manufactured artificially from the fluorite.

Cryolite is a salt of sodium aluminium hexafluoride.
Cryolite is represented as Na3AlF6.
Cryolite consists of Aluminium, Sodium and Fluorine.

Cryolite can be synthesized by the given reaction.
H2SiF6 + 6 NH3 + 2H20 → 6NH4F + SiO2
6NH4F + 3NaOH + Al(OH)3 → Na3AlF6+ 6NH3 + 6 H2O

Cryolite ores are the chief ore of aluminium.
These cryolite ores are associated with the earthy material, these earthy materials are known as gangue. 

Synthetic Cryolite:
Synthetic cryolite is a crystalline white powder made of hydrofluoric acid, sodium carbonate, and aluminium.
Since Cryolite essentially lowers the melting point of alumina, synthetic cryolite is mainly used as a flux in the electrolytic processing of aluminium.

Cryolite is used in the ceramic industries and enamel coating industries as a filler, in compounded abrasives as a filler, in the synthesis of sodium salts and aluminium salts, porcelaneous glass, and pesticides and insecticides.
Cryolite is a relatively safe insecticide for fruits and vegetables.
Many iron, calcium, and magnesium-containing enzymes are inhibited by fluoride.

Types of Synthetic Cryolite:
Sodium cryolite
Potassium cryolite
Let us discuss these synthetic cryolites one by one.

Sodium Cryolite:
Sodium Cryolite salts are used as a solvent for bauxite in the electrolytic processing of aluminium; other metallurgical uses include foundry additives for aluminium foundries, sleeves, and cover flux; filler for bonded abrasives in the glass and enamel industries; and insecticide manufacturing.

Potassium Cryolite:
Potassium Cryolite (K3AIF6) is utilised for the synthesis of welding agents, blasting agents (a large amount of energy-producing agents), pyrotechnics, and abrasives materials.
KAlF4 and K3AlF6 are the chemical formulas for potassium cryolite.
Potassium fluoroaluminate, Potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, Potassium Cryolite, Kalium Aluminium Fluoride, KAlF, KAlF4, and K3AlF6 are some of the other names for potassium cryolite.

Uses of Cryolite:
Cryolite is commonly used as an electrolyte for aluminum electrolysis.
Alumina is dissolved in molten cryolite is used to dissolve alumina during aluminium processing.

The commercial application of cryolite is confined mainly to aluminium metallurgy where Cryolite is used as an electrolyte in the reduction of alumina to aluminium metal by the Hall-Heroult process.
Alumina is a bad conductor of electricity and Cryolite melting point is 2,348 o C.

Cryolite is very expensive to carry out electrolysis at this temperature.
To facilitate electrolysis, alumina is dissolved in molten cryolite as Cryolite lowers the melting point.

Further, addition of certain additives, such as, aluminium fluoride improve the physical and electrical properties of the electrolyte, besides lowering the melting point.
The amount that is added is, however, limited as Cryolite also causes reduction in electrical conductivity.

Addition of calcium fluoride (CaF2) further depresses the melting point with less adverse effect on conductivity.
In contrast to this advantage, too much CaF2 raises the density of the melt closer to that of liquid aluminium metal, thus inhibiting the separation of metal from electrolyte.

The substituent, sodium fluoride, though is known to improve the density and conductivity, Cryolite also affects current efficiency.
A compromise made on all these factors has led to the following general composition of the bath to be in use – 80-85% cryolite, 5-7% AlF3, 5-7% CaF2,0-7% LiF and 2-8% Al2O3.

The electrolyte bath tends to deplete AlF3 content of cryolite during the process.
Hence, the composition of the electrolyte has to be adjusted regularly by addition of AlF3.

In aluminium refining, high density electrolyte capable of floating aluminium is required.
For this purpose, barium fluoride is used to raise density.

Aluminium fluoride can be used to improve current efficiency of cryolite bath.
Cryolite is obtained as a by-product during the production of phosphatic fertilizer/phosphoric acid.

When utilised in the Aluminium Industry, necessary precautions are observed as even 0.01% P in the electrolyte could cause 1-1.5% reduction in current efficiency in the production process of aluminium.
Other metallurgical uses of cryolite are in aluminising steel, in compounding of welding rod coatings and as fluxes.

In glass, cryolite functions as a powerful flux because of Cryolite excellent solvent power for oxides of silicon, aluminium & calcium and for Cryolite ability to reduce melt viscosity at lower melting temperatures.
Cryolite is used as a filler for resinbonded grinding wheels in Abrasive Industry to impart longer life.

Sodium fluoride (NaF) or fluorosilicic acid is also used for this purpose.
Cryolite is used in certain nitrocellulose-based gun propellants required in small-calibre weapons, cannons and small & large rockets.

Cryolite is used as a solvent for aluminium oxide (Al2O3) in the Hall–Héroult process, used in the refining of aluminium.
Cryolite decreases the melting point of aluminium oxide from 2000 to 2500 °C to 900–1000 °C, and increases Cryolite conductivity thus making the extraction of aluminium more economical.

Cryolite is used as an insecticide and a pesticide.
Cryolite is also used to give fireworks a yellow color.

Cryolite is used in abrasives, special metals and alloys coating agents, surface treatment agents, process regulators and solvents (product formulation).

Cyolite plays an important role in the metallurgy of cryolite.
Cryolite helps in making alumina a good conductor of electricity. 

Cryolite helps in lowering the melting point of alumina.
Cryolite is used in manufacturing aluminium waste.

Cryolite is used as a flux in steel aluminization and in welding technology.
Cryolite is used as additives in abrasives.
Cryolite is used in the remelting of metals.

Cryolite is used as an electrolyte in the production of aluminum by electrolytic reduction.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Aluminum Producing

Usage areas of Cryolite:
Cryolite is used as an electrolyte to obtain metal aluminum from alumina in the aluminum industry.
Cryolite is also used in the enamel and glass industry.

Cryolite is also used in the manufacture of pesticides in small quantities.
Cryolite is used as an insecticide and insecticide.

Cryolite is also used to give a yellow color to fireworks.
Cryolite is used as a solvent for aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in the Hall-Héroult process used to refine aluminum.

Consumer Uses:
Cryolite is used in the following products: explosives and welding & soldering products.
Other release to the environment of Cryolite is likely to occur from: outdoor use as reactive substance, outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Widespread uses by professional workers of Cryolite:
Other release to the environment of Cryolite is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as reactive substance, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Industry:
Synthetic cryolites are obtained by adopting several processes.
The selection of the process depends upon the availability and cost of raw materials.

The simplest and most common method of obtaining synthetic cryolite is by reacting hydrofluoric acid with soda ash and alumina hydrate.
Hydrofluoric acid is produced by reacting acid grade fluorspar with sulphuric acid and this process also yields gypsum as by-product.

In the secondary reaction between hydrofluoric acid and sodium chloride brine, sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid are produced.
In the primary reaction,dry aluminium hydroxide reacts with hydrofluoric acid to produce aluminium fluoride which reacts with sodium fluoride produced earlier and forms synthetic cryolite.

Besides fluorspar, fluorine gas produced as by-product at plants that produces phosphatic fertilizer and phosphoric acid, has emerged as an important alternative source for hydrofluoric acid and other fluorine chemicals including cryolite and aluminium fluoride.
Rock phosphate usually contains 7-8% CaF2.

In terms of fluorine, Cryolite works out to 3-4% which is liberated at the time of acidulation of rock phosphate with sulphuric acid.
Fluorine combines with silica to form silicon tetrafluoride which when scrubbed with water forms fluorosilicic acid.

By recycling, 18-24% fluorosilicic acid is obtained, which serves as a raw material for manufacturing various fluorochemicals, including synthetic cryolite.
From fluorosilicic acid, fluorine values are precipitated as sodium fluorosilicate by treating Cryolite with sodium salts.

Sodium fluorosilicate becomes starting point for the production of synthetic cryolite.
For manufacture of synthetic cryolite from sodium fluorosilicate, two routes are generally adopted in the country.
In the first route, sodium fluorosilicate is reacted with ammonia and in other route, sodium fluorosilicate is reacted with soda ash.

Uses at industrial sites:
Cryolite is used in the following products: welding & soldering products.
Cryolite is used for the manufacture of: metals.

Extraction of Aluminium Using Cryolite:
The Hall–Héroult process is the most popular industrial smelting method for aluminium.
Cryolite entails dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) in molten cryolite aluminium and electrolysing the molten salt bath, usually in a purpose-built cell, which is obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium's chief ore, via the Bayer process.

At 940–980 °C, the Hall–Héroult process produces 99.5–99.8 percent pure aluminium on an industrial scale.
Since recycled aluminium does not require electrolysis, Cryolite is not used in this process.

By emitting carbon dioxide, this process contributes to climate change. 
Sodium cryolite is a key component of the HallHeroult process, which uses an electrolyte to produce aluminium (Na3AlF6).

Al2O3 has a very high melting point and is very soluble.
Any addition to the molten sodium cryolite (typically AlF3, CaF2, MgF2) lowers the electrolyte liquidus temperature as well as the alumina solubility.

Despite this, the operating temperature of aluminium electrolysis remains high (950-960 °C), which is a critical factor in increased fluoride corrosion operation.
The inability to use new constructional materials in conventional sodium electrolytes, such as non-consumable anodes, piques interest in finding new low-melted electrolytes.

Physical Properties of Cryolite:
Cryolite occurs as glassy, colorless, white-reddish to gray-black prismatic monoclinic crystals.
Cryolite has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3 and a specific gravity of about 2.95 to 3.0.

Cryolite is translucent to transparent with a very low refractive index of about 1.34, which is very close to that of water.
Thus if immersed in water, cryolite becomes essentially invisible.

Cryolite occurs in a monoclinic crystal state.The cryolite is whitish glassy in colour.
The hardness of cryolite in the moh scale is 2.5 to 3.The specific gravity of cryolite is 2.95 to 3.

Cryolite is transparent to translucent to transparent in nature due to which Cryolite refractive index is very low.
Cryolite is invisible in nature, due to a similar refractive index.
Cryolite as the essential component of the electrolyte (85 – 90 %) decreases the temperature of the smelting flux electrolysis.

Production of Cryolite:
Cryolite is manufactured by a variety of related pathways.

Cryolite one route entails combining sodium aluminate and hydrofluoric acid.
Na3Al(OH)6 + 6 HF → Na3AlF6 + 6 H2O

Often the hexafluorosilicic acid, which is recovered from phosphate mining, is the precursor in a two-step process beginning with neutralization with ammonia to give ammonium hexafluorosilicate:
H3AlF6 + 3 NH3 → (NH4)3AlF6
(NH4)3AlF6 + 3 NaOH → Na3AlF6 + 3 NH3 + 3 H2O

The mineral form of Cryolite , which is called cryolite, was mined at Ivigtût on the west coast of Greenland until the deposit was depleted in 1987.
Cryolite was first described in 1798 by Danish veterinarian and physician Peder Christian Abildgaard (1740–1801).
Cryolite was obtained from a deposit of Cryolite in Ivigtut (old spelling) and nearby Arsuk Fjord, Southwest Greenland.

The Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company used large amounts of Cryolite to make caustic soda at Cryolite Natrona, Pennsylvania works, and at Cryolite Cornwells Heights, Pennsylvania, Plant, during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cryolite was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).

The difficulty of separating aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of Cryolite as a flux to dissolve the oxide mineral(s).
Pure Cryolite melts at 1012 °C (1285 K).

Cryolite can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis.
Substantial energy is still needed for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but Cryolite is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves.
As natural Cryolite is now too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.

Manufacturing Methods of Cryolite:
Cryolite is commonly produced by mixing sodium aluminate soln with liquid or gaseous hydrogen fluoride.

Synthetically from aluminum fluoride, ammonium fluoride and salt.
Synthetic cryolite is usually made from sodium aluminate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium fluoride.

Cryolite may be obtained by (a) mining natural mineral cryolite or (b) synthesis by the reaction of aluminum oxide, sodium chloride and hydrogen fluoride.

History of Cryolite:
Cryolite was first described in 1798 by Danish veterinarian and physician Peder Christian Abildgaard (1740–1801).
Cryolite was obtained from a deposit of Cryolite in Ivigtut (old spelling) and nearby Arsuk Fjord, Southwest Greenland.

The name is derived from the Greek language words κρύος (cryos) = frost, and λίθος (lithos) = stone.
The Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company used large amounts of cryolite to make caustic soda and fluorine compounds, including hydrofluoric acid at Cryolite Natrona, Pennsylvania, works, and at Cryolite integrated chemical plant in Cornwells Heights, Pennsylvania, during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Cryolite was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).
The difficulty of separating aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of cryolite as a flux to dissolve the oxide mineral(s).

Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012 °C (1285 K), and Cryolite can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis.
Substantial energy is still needed for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but Cryolite is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves.
As natural cryolite is now too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.

In 1940 before World War II, the United States became involved with protecting the world's largest cryolite mine in Ivittuut, Greenland from falling into the Nazi Germany's control.

Commercial Source Connection of Cryolite:
Cryolite’s sole commercial source is located at Ivittuut (formerly Ivigtut) on Arsuk Fiord on Greenland’s southwest coast, where Cryolite occurs atop a granitic intrusion within a mineralogically complex pegmatite that is the type locality for cryolite and 16 other rare minerals.

Also present in this pegmatite are argentiferous galena, sphalerite, fluorite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and, most notably, well-developed, reddish-brown crystals of siderite.

After studying specimens collected at Ivittuut, the Danish physician Peder Christian Abildgaard described and named cryolite in 1799.
Mining began at Ivittuut in 1854, with cryolite first used as a minor source of aluminum, then as a raw material for manufacturing caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).

Source Locations of Cryolite:
Besides Ivittuut, on the west coast of Greenland where cryolite was once found in commercial quantities, small deposits of cryolite have also been reported in some areas of Spain, at the foot of Pikes Peak in Colorado, Francon Quarry near Montreal in Quebec, Canada and also in Miask, Russia.

Stability and Reactivity of Cryolite:

Reactivity:
There are no particular risks of reaction in normal conditions of use.
Cryolite reacts with strong acids and strong bases.

Chemical stability:
The product is stable in normal conditions of use and storage.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
Decomposes by reaction with strong acids and bases.
Decomposes on heating.

Conditions to avoid:
Keep away from heat sources.
Protect from moisture and water.
Avoid environmental dust build-up.

Incompatible materials:
Strong acids and strong bases (Sulphuric Acid, Alkali and calcium hydroxide solution).

Hazardous decomposition products:
Hydrogen fluoride
Heated until decomposition, Cryolite evolves hydrofluoric acid gas (toxic).
Cryolite decomposes with hot alkali or solutions of calcium hydroxide.

Handling and Storage of Cryolite:

Safe Storage:
Store in separated from food and feedstuffs.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Storage Conditions:
Extremely reactive with air, moisture and compounds containing active hydrogen and therefore must be kept under a blanket of inert gas.

Should be stored in cool ventilated place, out of sun, away from fire hazard be periodically inspected and monitored.
Incompatible materials should be isolated.

All possibility of contact with water must be avoided.
Solution containing not more than 20% of these compounds in non-reactive solvents, however, can be handled without risk of spontaneous ignition.

Must be stored in an inert atmosphere; sensitive to oxidation and hydrolysis in air.

Separate from air, water, halocarbons, alcohols.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.

Outside or detached storage is preferred.
Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquid storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.

First Aid Measures of Cryolite:

Eye:
IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids.
Get medical attention immediately.

Skin:
SOAP WASH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.
If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water.
Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing:
FRESH AIR - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once.
Other measures are usually unnecessary.

Swallow:
MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Fighting of Cryolite:
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Stop flow of liquid before extinguishing fire.
Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

DO NOT use water as straight stream directly on spilled material.
Water fog can be used to control fire.

DO NOT use halogenated extinguishing agents on spilled material.
Violent reaction may result.

Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

Accidental Release Measures of Cryolite:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of Cryolite.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Disposal Methods of Cryolite:
Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide.

The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Cryolite approved use or return Cryolite to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
The material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Preventive Measures of Cryolite:
The worker should immediately wash the skin when Cryolite becomes contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced.
Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Identifiers of Cryolite:
Category: Halide mineral
Formula (repeating unit): Na3AlF6
IMA symbol: Crl
Strunz classification: 3.CB.15
Dana classification: 11.6.1.1
Crystal system: Monoclinic
Crystal class: Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol)
Space group: P21/n
Unit cell: a = 7.7564(3) Å,
b = 5.5959(2) Å,
c = 5.4024(2) Å; β = 90.18°; Z = 2

Formula mass: 209.9 g mol−1
Color: Colorless to white, also brownish, reddish and rarely black

Crystal habit:
Usually massive, coarsely granular.
The rare crystals are equant and pseudocubic

Twinning:
Very common, often repeated or polysynthetic with simultaneous occurrence of several twin laws.

Cleavage: None observed
Fracture: Uneven
Tenacity: Brittle
Mohs scale hardness: 2.5 to 3
Luster: Vitreous to greasy, pearly on {001}

Synonym(s): Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, aluminum trisodium hexafluoride, aluminum sodium fluoride
Mol. Formula: AlF6Na3
EC / List no.: 239-148-8
CAS no.: 15096-52-3
Molecular weight: 209,94

Synonym(s):Kryolith, Sodium hexafluoroaluminate
Linear Formula: Na3AlF6
CAS Number: 15096-52-3
Molecular Weight: 209.94
MDL number: MFCD00003507
PubChem Substance ID: 57646698
NACRES: NA.22

EC / List no.: 239-148-8
CAS no.: 15096-52-3
Mol. formula: AlF6.3Na

Properties of Cryolite:
Streak: White
Diaphaneity: Transparent to translucent
Specific gravity: 2.95 to 3.0.
Optical properties: Biaxial (+)
Refractive index: nα = 1.3385–1.339, nβ = 1.3389–1.339, nγ = 1.3396–1.34
Birefringence: δ = 0.001
2V angle: 43°
Dispersion: r < v
Melting point: 1012 °C

Cleavage: None
Color: Brownish black, Colorless, Gray, White, Reddish brown.
Density: 2.95 – 3, Average = 2.97
Diaphaneity: Transparent to translucent
Fracture: Uneven – Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in an uneven pattern.
Hardness: 2.5-3 – Finger Nail-Calcite
Luminescence: Fluorescent, Short UV=bluish white.
Luster: Vitreous – Greasy
Streak: white

Solubility:
Soluble in AlCl3 solution, soluble in H2SO4 with the evolution of HF, which is poisonous.
Insoluble in water.

Quality Level: 100
Assay: ≥97.0% (from F)
Form: powder
Quality: synthetic

Eeaction suitability:
Core: aluminum
Reagent type: catalyst

Impurities: ≤0.5% silicic acid (as SiO2)
Loss: ≤0.5% loss on drying, 105 °C
Cation traces: Fe: ≤500 mg/kg
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].F[Al-3](F)(F)(F)(F)F
InChI: 1S/Al.6FH.3Na/h;6*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;3*+1/p-6
InChI key: REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H

Appearance: Crystalline/powder solid
Colour: White/rose
Odour: odourless
Melting point / freezing point: 1000-1009 ˚C - 101.3 kPa Data from literature
Initial boiling point: not applicable
Flammability solid: non infiammabile
Flash point: Not applicable as Cryolite is a solid
Auto-ignition temperature: Not determined (inorganic complex salt).
Decomposition temperature: > 1000°C
pH: 6 in aqueous solution
Kinematic viscosity: Not applicable as it is a solid
Solubility: 0,602 g/L a 20°C (pH = 5,5-7).
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable (inorganic substance)
Vapour pressure: 2,53 hPa - 1009 °C
Density and/or relative density: 2,9 - 2,96 Temperature: 20 °C
Relative vapour density: not available

Molecular Weight: 209.941265
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 209.9412652
Monoisotopic Mass: 209.9412652
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 62.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Other characteristics:
Weakly thermoluminescent.
Small clear fragments become nearly invisible when placed in water, since its refractive index is close to that of water.

May fluoresce intense yellow under SWUV, with yellow phosphorescence, and pale yellow phosphorescence under LWUV.
Not radioactive.

Names of Cryolite:

Regulatory process names:
Sodium aluminum fluoride
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate (cryolite)
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(cryolite)
x I, E.3 (chelating and complexing agents)

Translated names:
(kriolit) (hr)
hexafluoroaluminate de trisodium (cryolite); (fr)
trinatrijev heksafluoroaluminat (hr)

CAS names:
Cryolite (Na3(AlF6))

IUPAC names:
ALUMINUM SODIUM FLUORIDE
cryolite
Kryolit; Trinatriumhexafluoroaluminat
Sodium aluminum fluoride
Synthetic Cryolite
trisodium haxafluoroaluminate
Trisodium hexafluoro aluminate
trisodium hexafluoroalumanetriuide
Trisodium Hexafluoroaluminate
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate/cryolite
trisodium;hexafluoroaluminum(3-)

Other identifiers:
009-016-00-2
1344-75-8
1344-75-8
15096-52-3

Synonyms of Cryolite:
CRYOLITE
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate
15096-52-3
13775-53-6
Aluminum trisodium hexafluoride
Aluminum sodium fluoride
sodium hexafluoroaluminate(III)
trisodium;hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
Sodium aluminum hexafluoride
trisodium hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
Cryocide
Kryocide
Kryolith
MFCD00003507
ICE Spar
Na3AlF6
Cryolite (AlNa3F6)
Cryolite (Na3(AlF6))
CRYOLITE [MI]
Na3[AlF6]
PROKIL CRYOLITE-96
trisodium hexafluoridoaluminate
sodiumhexafluoroaluminate(III)
5ZIS914RQ9
CHEMBL3988899
CHEBI:39289
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(3-)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 97%
DTXSID90872955
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(III)
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
AKOS025310262
trisodium hexakis(fluoranyl)aluminum(3-)
Chromium Boride (Cr2B) Sputtering Targets
Cryolite, synthetic, >=97.0% (from F)
FT-0624109
C18816
trisodium (OC-6-11)-hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
A809094
Q927885
J-008762
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 99.98% trace metals basis
Cryolite,naturallyoccurringmineral,grains,approximately0.06-19in
alumiinitrinatriumheksafluoridi (fi)
aluminiumtrinatriumheksafluorid (no)
aluminiumtrinatriumhexafluorid (sv)
criolit (ro)
criolite (it)
criolite (pt)
cryolit (da)
cryolithe (fr)
esafluoroalluminato di trisodio (it)
heksafluorek glinu i sodu (pl)
heksafluoroglinian sodu (pl)
heksafluoroglinian trisodu (pl)
hexafluoroaluminat-trisodic (ro)
hexafluoroaluminate de trisodium (fr)
hexafluoroaluminato de trisodio (es)
hexafluoroaluminato de trissódio (pt)
hexafluorohlinitan trisodný (cs)
hexafluorohlinitan trisodný (sk)
kriolit (hu)
Kriolit (pl)
kriolit (sl)
kriolitas (lt)
kriolīts (lv)
kryoliitti (fi)
kryolit (cs)
Kryolit (de)
kryolit (sk)
kryolitt (no)
Krüoliit (et)
natrijev heksafluoroaluminat (III) (sl)
trinaatriumheksafluoroaluminaat (et)
trinatrijev heksafluoroaluminat (hr)
trinatrio heksafluoroaliuminatas (lt)
trinatriumheksafluoraluminat (no)
trinatriumhexafluoraluminaat (nl)
trinatriumhexafluoraluminat (da)
Trinatriumhexafluoraluminat (de)
trinatriumhexafluoroaluminat (sv)
trinátrium-hexafluoroaluminát (hu)
trinātrija heksafluoralumināts (lv)
Εξαφθοροαργιλικό τρινάτριο κρυόλιθος (el)
Κρυόλιθος (el)
криолит (bg)
тринатриев хексафлуороалуминат (bg)
Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, sodium (1:3), (OC-6-11)-
aluminum trisodium hexafluoride
cryolite
Cryolite
Kriolit
Kryolith (Na3AlF6); cryolite
Sinthetic cryolite, cryolite
Sodium aluminofluoroaluminate
Trisodium hexafluoro aluminate
Trisodium hexafluoro-aluminate
trisodium hexafluoroalumanetriuide
TriCryolite
TriCryolite
triCryolite
TriCryolite
triCryolite
trisodium hexfluoroaluminate
Cover bath
Cryolite as single subtance or within the preparation Bath or "Hall Cell Bath"
Cryolite bath
Cryolite synth.
Cryolite synthetic
electrolyte
Syntetický kryolit
009-016-00-2
1228236-36-9
1228236-36-9
12397-51-2
CRYOLITE
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate
15096-52-3
13775-53-6
Aluminum trisodium hexafluoride
sodium hexafluoroaluminate(III)
trisodium;hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
MFCD00003507
Na3AlF6
AlF6.3Na
UNII-5ZIS914RQ9
Na3[AlF6]
trisodium hexafluoridoaluminate
sodiumhexafluoroaluminate(III)
5ZIS914RQ9
CHEMBL3988899
CHEBI:39289
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(3-)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 97%
trisodium hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(III)
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
5473AF
AKOS025310262
trisodium hexakis(fluoranyl)aluminum(3-)
Chromium Boride (Cr2B) Sputtering Targets
Cryolite, synthetic, >=97.0% (from F)
FT-0624109
C18816
trisodium (OC-6-11)-hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
A809094
Q927885
J-008762
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 99.98% trace metals basis
Cryolite,naturallyoccurringmineral,grains,approximately0.06-19in
Aluminium sodium fluoride (1:3:6)
Aluminiumnatriumfluorid (1:3:6)
Fluorure d'aluminium et de sodium (6:1:3)
sodium hexafluoroaluminate
15096-52-3
237-410-6
5ZIS914RQ9
Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, sodium (1:3)
Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, trisodium (8CI)
BD0075000
CRYOLITE
Hexafluoroaluminate(3-) de trisodium
Kryolith
Kryolith
MFCD00003507
SODIUM ALUMINUM HEXAFLUORIDE
Sodium fluoroaluminate
sodium hexafluoroaluminate
Trinatriumhexafluoraluminat(3-)
Trinatriumhexafluoraluminate(3-)
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
Villiaumite
[13775-53-6]
1331-71-1
239-148-8
Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, trisodium
ALUMINUM SODIUM FLUORIDE
Aluminum sodium fluoride (Na3AlF6)
Aluminum sodium hexafluoride (AlNa3F6)
ALUMINUM TRISODIUM HEXAFLUORIDE
Cryocide
Cryodust
Cryolite (AlNa3F6)
Cryolite (Na3(AlF6))
dinickel orthosilicate
ENT 24,984
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075101
Greenland spar
ICE Spar
ICETONE
Koyoside
Kriolit
Kryocide
Na3[AlF6]
Na3AlF6
Natriumaluminiumfluorid
Natriumhexafluoroaluminate
SODIUM ALUMINUM FLUORIDE
Sodium aluminum fluoride (as F)
Sodium fluoroaluminate (Na3AlF6)
sodium fluoroaluminate(3-)
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(3-)
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(3-); sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(III); trisodium hexafluoridoaluminate
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(III)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate (Cryolite)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate (Na3AlF6)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate(III)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminic acid
trisodium (OC-6-11)-hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
trisodium aluminum hexafluoride
trisodium hexafluoridoaluminate
TRISODIUM HEXAFLUOROALUMANETRIUIDE
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3)
trisodium hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
trisodiumhexafluoroaluminate
UNII:5ZIS914RQ9
UNII-5ZIS914RQ9
CRYSTAL MENTHOL
Cumène sulfonate de sodium, Cumène sulfonate de sodium, Numéro CAS : 32073-22-6, SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE,solubilisant, un agent de liaison et un dépresseur de point de trouble utilisé dans des détergents puissants, des décapants pour la cire, des détergents pour la vaisselle, ainsi que dans des applications de forage pétrolier et de métallurgie. Applications: produits vaisselle, nettoyage intensif, nettoyage du linge, nettoyage léger, nettoyant métaux. Cumene, monosulpho derivative, sodium salt. Noms français : Cumène sulfonate de sodium, Noms anglais :BENZENE, (1-METHYLETHYL)-, MONOSULFO DERIV., SODIUM SALT; CUMENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; Sodium o-cumenesulfonate, ( Hydrotrope, solubilizer, coupling agent, cloud point depressant, viscosity reducer, an anti-caking agent in powdered detergent )
CRYSTASENSE IM800
Crystasense IM800 is a novel oil and fragrance gellant designed to create eye-catching air freshener gels for room and automative use.
The physical form of Crystasense IM800 is liquid.


Chemical name: Polyamide Resin
Chemical Family: Polyamides, Polyamines


CrystaSense IM800 is a novel oil and fragrance gellant designed to create eye-catching air freshener gels for room and automative use.
Crystasense IM800 can be use for oil loading of up to 70% and will release fragrance in a steady, predictable manner while maintaining fragrance integrity.


Crystasense IM800 sets slowly, so it should be used together with CrystaSense IM700 in varying ratios, in conjunction with an isocyanurate curing agent, to control the desired set time of formulations.


Crystalsense IM700 and Crystasense IM800 are new oil and fragrance gelling agents designed to create eye-catching air fresheners, these special gelling agents hold oily substances up to 70% and provide a stable fragrance release.
Crystasense IM800 can be use for oil loading of up to 70% and will release fragrance in a steady, predictable manner while maintaining fragrance integrity.


Crystasense IM800 sets slowly, so it should be used together with CrystaSens IM700 in varying ratios, in conjunction with an isocyanurate curing agent, to control the desired set time of formulations.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
Recommended applications of Crystasense IM800: high-grade solid air freshener, solid perfume, car fragrance, solid mosquito repellant, etc.
End Uses of Crystasense IM800: Air Freshener
Applications of Crystasense IM800: Air care


Crystasense IM800 sets slowly, so it should be used together with CrystaSense IM700 in varying ratios, in conjunction with an isocyanurate curing agent, to control the desired set time of formulations.
Crystasense IM800 can be use for oil loading of up to 70% and will release fragrance in a steady, predictable manner while maintaining fragrance integrity.


Crystasense IM800 sets slowly, so it should be used together with CrystaSens IM700 in varying ratios, in conjunction with an isocyanurate curing agent, to control the desired set time of formulations.
Crystalsense IM700 and Crystasense IM800 are new oil and fragrance gelling agents designed to create eye-catching air fresheners, these special gelling agents hold oily substances up to 70% and provide a stable fragrance release.


CrystaSense IM800 is used as epoxy resin curing agent at room temperature.
CrystaSense IM800 is used as epoxy resin curing agent and toughening agent, and used as cable sealing material.
CrystaSense IM800 is mainly used in glue, paint, sealing gasket, etc.


CrystaSense IM800 is used as curing agent and toughening agent for epoxy resin, and used as cable sealing material
mainly used in adhesives, coatings, sealing gasket and so on.
CrystaSense IM800 is used as epoxy resin room temperature curing agent.


CrystaSense IM800 is used as curing agent and toughening agent of epoxy resin, and used as cable sealing material. CrystaSense IM800 is mainly used for glue, paint, sealing gasket, etc.
CrystaSense IM800 is used biochemical Study.


-Applications of Crystasense IM800:
*Space air fresheners for home, industrial and institutional applications
*Automotive - gels will not melt in hot vehicles
*Aqueous environments like dishwashers and toilets as gels are water-resistant
*Further potential applications i.e. insect repellents


-End Application of CrystaSense IM800:
*Binders in Rotogravure and Flexographic inks
*Printing ink
*Ball point pen ink
*Paints
*Two pack epoxy paints
*Epoxy floorings
*Heat seal coatings
*Hot melt adhesives
*Lacquers
*Varnishes
*Rubber industries



FUNCTION OF CRYSTASENSE IM800:
*Viscosity Modifier
*Rheology modifier



HIGHLIGHTS OF CRYSTASENSE IM800:
*Highly efficient gellants with high fragrance loading
*Wide fragrance compatibility
*Steady fragrance release and maintenance of fragrance integrity
*Water and temperature resistant
*Innovative design possibilities
*Structurant for liquid actives.
*Thermoset gel formed via curing with reactive isocyanates.
*CrystaSense IM800 is a novel oil and fragrance gellants designed to create eye-catching air freshener gels.
*Air Care with Appeal
*Steady Fragrance Release
*Flexible Formulation



PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYSTASENSE IM800:
Up to 70% of oily substances such as spices; excellent compatibility with oily spices and dyes; long-lasting and stable fragrance release; can make transparent gels with any feel and shape from gummy candy to hard colloid.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
Physical Form: Liquid
Appearance: Transparent
Incompatible with: Aqueous systems



FIRST AID MEASURES of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

CUBLEN D 3217 N
CUBLEN D 3217 N = DTPMP HEPTASODIUM SALT


CAS Number: 68155-78-2 / 22042-96-2
EC Number: 268-990-9
MDL Number: MFCD09752850
Molecular Formula: C9H21N3Na7O15P5
Chemical Family: Phosphonates, Phosphorous-based Compounds


Cublen D 3217 N is the most adaptable phosphonic acid.
Cublen D 3217 N is certified with NSF/ANSI 60 for use in the production of drinking water.
Cublen D 3217 N is a strong complexing agent as well as a great inhibitor.
Cublen D 3217 N is diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid),Na7-salt.


Compatible Base Stocks of Cublen D 3217 N: Synthetic Oils, Vegetable Oils, Synthetic Esters, Mineral Oils, Polyalphaolefins (PAO)
Compatible Substrates & Surfaces of Cublen D 3217 N: Metal
Cublen D 3217 N's feature is Extreme Pressure Performance
Cublen D 3217 N is a neutral product.


Cublen D 3217 N is a scale inhibitor, for barium sulphate in particular and a chelating agent.
Cublen D 3217 N is a reactant in the synthesis of graphene oxide lamellar membranes, a UVCB substance, and also biodegradable.
Cublen D 3217 N is active in the pH 1-13 range and has high temperature stability upto about 130 - 140°C and easily dissolved in water.
Cublen D 3217 N is a fine chemical that is useful as a building block, reagent, and intermediate.


Cublen D 3217 N has been shown to be a versatile building block for the synthesis of complex compounds.
Cublen D 3217 N has CAS number 68155-78-2.
Cublen D 3217 N is good general purpose scale inhibitor.
Cublen D 3217 N is powerful sequestrant, Second best against BaSO4.
Cublen D 3217 N is a general-purpose scale inhibitor, powerful sequestrant, and excellent barium sulfate scale inhibitor.


The Cublen D series (DTPMP) represents the most versatile phosphonic acid in the CUBLEN product range and impresses with its excellent price-performance ratio.
DTPMP is an excellent inhibitor for mineral deposits (e.g. CaCO 3 , BaSO 4 , SrSO 4 ) and a powerful complexing agent.
Selected DTPMP products are certified according to the North American standard NSF/ANSI 60 for use in the production of drinking water.
Cublen phosphonates combine antiwear performance with scale-inhibition and chelating properties for extended fluid and tool life.
They can be used to prepare metal surfaces for final finishing, and in plating baths to control metal ion contamination.
Phosphonates are also widely used for cooling water treatment, metal cleaners, textile finishing and oil field drilling applications.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
Cublen D 3217 N is used Surface Treatment, Lubricants & Metalworking, Water Treatment, Water Treatment Chemicals, Scale Inhibitor, Stabilizer, and Metal deactivator.
Cublen D 3217 N is used Water Treatment, Organics, Catalyst and Auxiliary/Water Treatment Chemicals, Good general purpose scale inhibitor, and Powerful sequestrant against BaSO4.


Cublen D 3217 N is used Cooling water treatment, detergents, peroxide bleach stabilization, I & I cleaners, geothermal, oil field.
Cublen D 3217 N is used For water treatment, In the oilfield chemistry, As additive for pulp & paper bleaching, and For manufacturing and recycling of pulp & paper.
Cublen D 3217 N is used for alkaline bleaching processes using H2O2 (textiles, pulp & paper), Chemical & Materials Manufacturing, Scale

Inhibitor, and Chelating Agent.
Cublen D 3217 N is used anti-Wear Agent, Extreme Pressure Additive, Stabilizer, Metalworking Fluids, Extreme Pressure Performance, and Laboratory chemicals.
Cublen D 3217 N is used Manufacture of substances, Agrochemical Intermediates, Dyestuff Intermediates, Flavor & Fragrance Intermediates,

Pharmaceutical Intermediates, Syntheses Material Intermediates, and Complexing agents.
Cublen D 3217 N acts as a plasticizer, conditioning agent, chelating and protecting agent.
Cublen D 3217 N is utilized in hair care.
Cublen D 3217 N functions as a thickener, modifier and dispersant.


Cublen D 3217 N combines antiwear performance with scale-inhibition and chelating properties for extended fluid and tool life.
Cublen phosphates can be used to prepare metal surfaces for final finishing, and in plating baths to control metal ion contamination.
Phosphonates are also widely used for cooling water treatment, metal cleaners, textile finishing and oil field drilling applications.
End Uses of Cublen D 3217 N: Metalworking Fluids


Cublen D 3217 N is used highly effective rust and scale inhibitor, hydrogen peroxide stabilizer in bleach, used in cleaning and detergent products.
Cublen D 3217 N is used in papermaking, electroplating and cosmetics, scale inhibition, for barium sulfate in particular, in metal chelation, and in the stabilization of peroxide bleaching, detergent auxilaries, industrial cleaning water, etc.


Cublen D 3217 N is used Corrosion Inhibitors, Industrial Chemicals, Swimming Pool Chemicals, Water Treatment & Pool Chemicals
Cublen D 3217 N is used Chemical & Materials Manufacturing, Surface Treatment - Fluids, Lubricants & Metalworking, Water Treatment
Cublen D 3217 N can be used as a stabilizer for peroxide bleaching, detergent auxiliaries, industrial & municipal cleaning water, terrestrial heat water, oilfield water, etc.


Recommended Uses of Cublen D 3217 N: Cooling water treatment, detergents, peroxide bleach stabilization, I & I cleaners, geothermal, oil field.
Cublen D 3217 N can also be used as a reaction component or scaffold for the synthesis of new compounds.
Cublen D 3217 N is used in research to study the effects of various chemicals on DNA.


-Applications of Cublen D 3217 N:
*In detergents and cleaning agents
*In textile auxiliaries (fibre protection, stabilization of odor absorbing agents)
*For water treatment
*In the oilfield chemistry
*As additive for pulp & paper bleaching
*For manufacturing and recycling of pulp & paper
*For alkaline bleaching processes using H2O2 (textiles, pulp & paper)



FUNCTIONS of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
*Stabilizer
*Scale Inhibitor
*Chelating Agent
*Anti-Wear Agent
*Extreme Pressure Additive



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
Physical state: Aqueous solution
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/range: -13 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 8,0 at 25 °C
Exact Mass: 726.89400
PSA: 366.23000
LogP: 0.63580
Molecular Weight: 727.07

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 18
Rotatable Bond Count: 13
Exact Mass: 726.8944619
Monoisotopic Mass: 726.8944619
Topological Polar Surface Area: 317 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 39
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 764
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 8
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Active Acid (%): 31.5 - 33.5
Active Salt (%): 40.0 - 42.5
Chloride (as Cl,%): 5.0 max
PH(1% solution)@25°C: 6.0 - 8.0
Sp. Gravity @20/20°C: 1.30 min
Iron, (as Fe,ppm): 20 max
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,380 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 1003.3ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Weight: 727.07100
Flash Point: 560.6ºC

Min. Purity Spec: 95%
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Boiling Point: 1003.3ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula: C9H21N3Na7O15P5
Molecular Weight: 727.07100
Flash Point: 560.6ºC
Exact Mass: 726.89400
PSA: 366.23000
LogP: 0.63580
Appearance: Amber liquid
Active Acid (%): 31.5 - 33.5
Active Salt (%): 40.0 - 42.5
Chloride (as Cl,%): 5.0 max
PH(1% solution)@25°C: 6.0 - 8.0
Sp. Gravity @20/20°C: 1.30 min
Iron, (as Fe,ppm): 20 max



FIRST AID MEASURES of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
-In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
-If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Reactivity:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
DTPMPA.NA7
heptasodium
DTPMP heptasaodium salt
SODIUM AMINO ETHYL PHOSPHATE
Diethylene triamine pentamethylphosphonate heptosan
Diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), 7Na Salt
Water Treatment Scale Corrosion Inhibitor Dtpmp Na7 68155-78-2
heptasodium trihydrogen [[bis[2-[bis(phosphonatomethyl)amino...
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonicacid)heptasaodiumsal
Diethylenetriaminepenta-(methylenephosphonic acid) heptasodium salt
Diethylenetriamine Penta(methylene Phosphonic Acid) Heptasaodium Salt
DTPMPA.NA7
Hepta sodium salt of Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)
Hepta sodium salt of Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) (DTPMPNa7)
DTPMP heptasaodium salt
SODIUM SALT OF DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE PENTA (METHYLENE PHOSPHONIC ACID)
DiethyleneTriaminePenta(MethylenePhosphonicAcid)Pentasodiumsalt(DTPMPa5,Solid)
Diethylenetriaminepenta-(methylenephosphonic acid) heptasodium salt
SODIUM AMINO ETHYL PHOSPHATE
Diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid),7Na Salt
hepta sodium salt of diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid) (dtpmpna7)
sodium amino ethyl phosphate
diethylenetriaminepenta-(methylenephosphonic acid) heptasodium salt
dtpmp heptasaodium salt
diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonicacid)pentasodiumsalt(dtpmpa5,solid)
sodium salt of diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid)
diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) heptasaodium salt
hepta sodium salt of diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid)
diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), 7na salt
dtpmpa.na7
DTPMPoNa7
Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) Pentasodium salt
phosphonic acid, [1,2-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]pentakis-, sodium salt (1:7)
sodium salt of diethylene triamine penta(menthylene phosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) Heptasaodium Salt;
DTPMP heptasaodium salt
Phosphonic acid, P,P',P'',P'''-[ [(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-e thanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis -, sodium salt (1:7)
Sodium Salt of Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) DTPMPA.7Na heptasodium
diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) heptasaodium salt
heptasodium trihydrogen [[bis[2-[bis(phosphonatomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]phosphonate
Phosphonic acid, (phosphonomethyl)iminobis2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)tetrakis-, heptasodium salt
DTPMPA.NA7







CUCUMBER EXTRACT
Cucumber Extract is an extract in a medium of Glycerin / Water (50:50) from the fruits of "Cucumis sativus L." with a plant / extract ratio1/2.
Cucumber Extract is water soluble extract.
Cucumber Extract is regulation of skin moisturization.
Cucumber extract is anti-inflammatory and soothes skin.


Cas Number: 89998-01-6
EC Number: 289-738-4
Botanical Name: Cucumis Sativus


It is mainly cold-pressed cucumber extracts that are particularly relevant as skincare ingredients.
In addition to their high water content of 95%, cucumbers are very rich in vital nutrients such as magnesium, iron, essential amino acids, potassium, calcium and zinc.


They also contain vitamins A, B1, B2, C and E.
Cucumber Extract is an extract in a medium of Glycerin / Water (50:50) from the fruits of "Cucumis sativus L." with a plant / extract ratio1/2. Cucumber is a vegetable rich in vitamin C and vitamin B.


Cucumber Extract has trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) regulatory activity.
This activity is due to the vitamins and carbohydrates in cucumber.
Cucumbers are climbing plants, but they can also grow on the ground. They belong to the gourd family and are widely cultivated in Europe, America, Africa and Asia.


There are many different kinds of cucumber: The most well known are the slicing cucumber and the pickling cucumber.
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family Cucurbitaceae.
This plant is a creeping vine with thin spiraling tendrils and large leaves that form a canopy over the fruit.


The fruit is commonly harvested while still green; though generally after the fruits outgrow their spines.
Although less nutritious than most fruit with at least 95% water content, the fresh cucumber is still a source of vitamin C, vitamin K, and potassium,also providing dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B6, thiamin, folate, pantothenic acid, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and manganese.


Cucumber Extract was very popular in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece and Rome, where people not only consumed the fruit but also utilized it for its beneficial skin healing properties.
Cucumber Extracts have been used internally for the treatment of blemished skin and heat rash and applied externally as a poultice for burns, sores and softening of the skin.


The flesh of Cucumber Extracts is primarily composed of water but also contains ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and caffeic acid, both of which prevent water retention, help soothe skin irritations and reduce swelling.
Cucumbers’ hard skin is rich in fiber and contains a variety of beneficial minerals including silica, potassium and magnesium.


The silica in cucumber is an essential component of healthy connective tissue, which includes muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and bone.
Cucumber, cucurbitaceae The plant, which is thought to be the homeland of North India, has been widely cultivated since ancient times.
Since it loves soil moisture, its roots are very shallow and usually develops at a depth of 20-25 cm.


Since it is grown in greenhouses, it is pruned to provide better lighting.
For this reason, the length of cucumber plant suspended and grown up to 2 m.
Cucumber Extract is water soluble extract.


Cucumber Extract is regulation of skin moisturization.
Cucumber Extract is refreshing.
Cucumber Extract is stimulant.


Cucumber Extract is revitalizing.
Cucumber Extract is anti-aging.
Cucumber Extract is paraben free


Cucumbers have been cultivated for over 3,000 years, firstly in India. Cucumbers were popular not only as a food source, but also because of their beneficial skin healing properties.
Rich in minerals and vitamins A, B, C and E, cucumber has a cooling effect, helping to calm irritations, revitalise the skin and gently soothe delicate areas of skin like the lips and around the eyes.


Cucumbers are also 96% water so are great to incorporate into your diet to keep hydration levels up.
This high water content helps your body flush out any built-up toxins as well.
Cucumber Extract Composition: 95% water and other constituents including proteins, ascorbic acid, fatty acids, caffeic acid (an antioxidant), vitamin C, vitamin K, mineral silica and others.


Cucumber Extract contains fragrant components that are not sensitizing to your skin (i.e are not allergens).
Cucumber extract is water-soluble and a great way to add moisturizing and skin-loving properties to handmade skincare products.
Cucumber Extract is popular in face masks, face lotions and spa-products.


Cucumber Extract has mild cucumber scent.
Cucumber Extract provides rich attributions to formulations such as lotions, shampoos and soap.
Cucumber Extract is a nice, non-irritating plant extract that’s known for it’s soothing and emollient properties.


It’s not something new to put Cucumber Extract on our face: even Cleopatra used it to “preserve her skin”.
Cucumber extract or cucumber oil possesses high concentrations of antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and lactic acid.
Therefore, when topically applied, the benefits of cucumber on skin include antioxidant protection and soothing properties.


The antioxidants and ascorbic acid present in cucumber extract protect the skin by neutralizing harmful free-radicals that are present in the environment.
Additionally, its high concentration of lactic acid, a known member of the AHA family, also plays a role in maintaining skin surface quality.
Lastly, cucumber extract is believed to possess several bioactive compounds that provide soothing properties to the skin.


However, the efficacy of this effect has yet to be scientifically supported.
Cucumber Extract is well known for it’s skin softening and soothing attributes.
An effective addition to Cucumber Extract lines geared toward skin toning and refining, as well as for men’s skin, bath and body products.


Cucumber extract is a well-liked component in skincare products because of its skin-friendly properties.
Cucumber contains antioxidants that can help protect the skin from free radical damage.
Cucumber Extract also contains vitamin C, which can help brighten and even out the tone of the skin.


Cucumber extract is also a great moisturiser for the skin.
Cucumber Extract contains a lot of water, which can help to plump and moisturise the skin.
As a result, Cucumber Extract is an excellent ingredient for people with dry or dehydrated skin.


Cucumber extract also has anti-inflammatory properties.
Cucumber Extract soothes and calms irritated skin, making it an ideal ingredient for those with sensitive or acne-prone skin.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract hydrates and soothes the skin.
Cucumber Extract's refreshing properties can reduce puffiness and relieve itching, as well as help to ease redness – for example sunburn.
Cucumber extract is suitable for all skin types.


Cucumber Extract is often recommended as a source of silica to improve the complexion and health of the skin, plus cucumber’s high water content makes it naturally hydrating - a must for glowing skin. Cucumbers are also used topically for various types of skin problems, including swelling under the eyes, sunburn and dermatitis.


Cucumber Extract is an excellent treatment for skin rash, inflammation, etc., when applied as a lotion or used to wash the affected zone.
Furthermore, Cucumber Extract works wonderfully to smooth the skin and erase skin spots, freckles and wrinkles, thus rejuvenating the skin.
Cucumber Extract is recommended to formulate cosmetic products with moisturizing, refreshing, decongestant and soothing actions and cosmetic products aimed at the protection of skin and hair integrity against oxidative processes.


Cucumber Extract is used as a Moisturizing.
Cucumber Extract comes from the cucumber plant, and it has skin conditioning properties.
Cucumber Extract is a superfood for the skin.


Cucumber Extract is a widely known treatment for sunburn because it has a cooling effect on the skin, reducing pain from a bad burn.
In addition, Cucumber Extract is excellent for reducing inflammation and irritation in general for your skin.
Cucumber Extract is a popular astringent with renowned skin-tightening effects.


Cucumber Extract also is a wonderful soother and moisturizer.
Cucumber Extract is a little gem for your eye and face creams.
Cucumber extract helps prevent environmental damage and signs of aging, so you will look young longer if you will use it frequently.


Cucumber Extract also has a refreshing effect and can soothe and relieve puffy skin.
There are no studies showing that Cucumber Extract can help lighten or whiten skin, but in fact, it will make its quality higher.
Cucumber Extract is an excellent thing against your acne-prone skin.


If you use Cucumber Extract daily, you will see good results in the concise term.
Washing your face daily with Cucumber Extract is a great way to keep blemishes and freckles at bay.
Cucumber Extract is used not only for its nourishing properties for the skin, but also to enhance the natural scent of creams lotions and other cosmetic products in a natural way.


The desquamation properties naturally within the product mean Cucumber Extract can aid the skin's natural shedding of its outer layer during cell regeneration, helping it to look fresh and revitalised.
Cucumber Extract's astringent properties will help firm the skin and counter signs of ageing.


There is in vitro research showing that the constituents in Cucumber Extract can help protect the skin against carcinogenic substances.
All these benefits can be harnessed by using cucumber extract, which makes an ideal ingredient in facial treatments and formulas, both in beauty spas and at home.


Cucumber Extract is water-soluble, which means it won’t mix with home-made oil-based products but can be added to ready-made creams or your own water-soluble formulas.
Cucumber Extract is used for sensitive skin, bath, hair-care, skin-lightening, nail-care.


Cucumber Extract is used in soaps, natural cleansers, makeup, and eye makeup, serums, moisturizers; face, neck, and eye lotions.
Apply Cucumber Extract to cuts burns and insect bites to calm and soothe the skin.
Cucumber Extract also contains vitamin C, which can help brighten and even out the tone of the skin.


Cucumber extract is also a great moisturiser for the skin.
Cucumber Extract contains a lot of water, which can help to plump and moisturise the skin.
As a result, Cucumber Extract is an excellent ingredient for people with dry or dehydrated skin.


Cucumber extract also has anti-inflammatory properties.
Cucumber Extract soothes and calms irritated skin, making it an ideal ingredient for those with sensitive or acne-prone skin.
Cucumber extract can also aid in the reduction of dark circles and puffiness around the eyes.


This is due to the presence of ascorbic acid, which can help lighten and brighten the skin.
Cucumber Extract is used Creams & lotions, skin cleansers, hair care products, after-sun products, hair moisturizing sprits, hair conditioners and body lotions.


Cucumber Extract is used creams and lotions, toners, and after shave products.
Cucumber extract is readily available in a variety of skincare products, making it simple to add to your regimen.
Cucumber extract is a potent and versatile ingredient that can help your skin in a variety of ways.


Cucumber extract can help improve the overall health and appearance of your skin by providing hydrating and moisturising properties as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.
Cucumber extract's important to choose high-quality, well-formulated products and to adhere to the manufacturer's use and storage guidelines, whether you decide to incorporate cucumber extract into your skincare routine through a store-bought product or by developing your own DIY recipes.


By embracing the power of cucumber extract and making it a part of your regular skincare routine, you can enjoy the many benefits that this natural and effective ingredient has to offer for healthy, radiant skin.
Cucumber Extract is used all kinds of skin care, body care, hair care, cosmetics and other personal care products.


Cucumber Extract is a water-soluble antioxidant for the skin. Comprised largely of lipids, proteins, Vitamin C, and a variety of minerals, Cucumber Extract is a very good emollient and moisturizer.
Cucumber Extract is excellent in toners and micellar waters as it tightens pores and helps to reduce the appearance of dark circles and under-eye puffiness.


Cucumber Extract is packed with Vitamin K and antioxidants.
Cucumber Extract can help you maintain a healthy weight, stay hydrated, support colon health, and even promote heart health.
Plus, when applied topically, cucumber extract may help keep your skin looking young and healthy.


Anti-inflammatory and nourishing to the skin, cucumber extract is a useful ingredient for homemade cosmetics.
Cucumber Extract’s simple to make and provides numerous benefits to the skin.
Cucumber extract is one of my favorite extracts for use in skincare. It’s also the first extract I attempted to make myself.


Cucumber extract is anti-inflammatory and soothes skin.
Cucumber Extract may also help with dark circles and puffiness around the eyes.
Rich in minerals like potassium, Cucumber Extract may help firm skin which can help reduce some of the signs of aging.


By making your own cucumber extract, not only can you save money, but you can also ensure the quality of the ingredients being used.
Cucumber extract can be added to a lot of different types of skin and hair care products.
While I normally mostly use Cucumber Extract in skincare, I’ve read that it may nourish the hair and even help promote hair growth.


So, Cucumber Extract may be a great addition to your homemade hair conditioner!
To add it, use cucumber extract in place of part or all of the vegetable glycerin of a recipe.
If the recipe you are using doesn’t include any glycerin, you can use it in place of part of the water.
Don’t use more than 5% of the recipe by weight. (So, if you are making 100g, don’t use more than 5g.) Over 5%, glycerin can make a product feel “sticky”.


-MEDICINE uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract is good for constipation.
*Cucumber Extract is used in the treatment of kidney stones.
*Cucumber Extract helps lower blood pressure.
*Cucumber Extract contributes to the proper structure of connective tissues in our bodies, including muscles, bones, ligaments, cartilage and tendons.
*Cucumber Extract struggles with the effects of diabetes.
*Cucumber Extract's diuretic.
*Cucumber Extract provides protection against some types of cancer.
*Cucumber Extract protects brain health.
*Cucumber Extract provides benefit against hypertension.
*Cucumber Extract protects the heart.
*Cucumber Extract maintains the heat balance of the body.


-HAIR CARE uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract strengthens hair structure.
*Cucumber Extract prevents hair loss.
*Cucumber Extract brightens hair.


-SKIN CARE uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract provides healthy & radiant skin
*Cucumber Extract moisturizes skin due to high water content.
*Cucumber Extract gives skin a natural shine
*Cucumber Extract helps skin disorders such as psoriasis, eczema and acne.
*Cucumber Extract removes the fat layer in the skin.
*Cucumber Extract is Good for sunburn.
*Cucumber Extract can be used against dark circles in eyes and swelling in custody.


-FOOD uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract gives aroma to food and drinks.
*Cucumber Extract is used as a food supplement.


-VETERINARY MEDICINE uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract is used in feed.
*Cucumber Extract is Antioxidant.



THE MAGIC OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
CUCUMBER EXTRACT SKINCARE BENEFITS:
Cucumber extract is indeed a magical ingredient when it comes to skincare. Here are some of the reasons why:
*Hydration:
Cucumber extract is high in water content, making it an excellent skin hydrator.
Cucumber Extract helps to replenish the skin's moisture levels, keeping it soft, supple, and radiant.

*Antioxidants:
Cucumber extract contains antioxidants such as vitamin C, which can protect the skin from free radicals.
Because free radicals can cause premature ageing, including cucumber extract in your skincare routine can help you keep your skin looking young.

*Anti-inflammatory:
Cucumber extract contains anti-inflammatory properties that can be used to soothe and calm irritated or inflamed skin.
Cucumber Extract can be especially beneficial for those who suffer from acne or skin conditions such as rosacea.

*Skin brightening:
Ascorbic acid, found in cucumber extract, can help to brighten and even out skin tone.
Cucumber Extract can make dark spots and hyperpigmentation less visible, leaving the skin looking brighter and more radiant.

*Cooling effect:
Cucumber extract has a cooling effect on the skin, making it an ideal ingredient for facial mists or eye creams.
Cucumber Extract can help to reduce puffiness while also leaving the skin refreshed and revitalised.



WHAT DOES CUCUMBER EXTRACT DO FOR YOUR SKIN?
1. Hydrating:
Thanks to its 95% water composition, cucumber extract maintains high levels of hydration in the skin which ensure its fresh, glowy and dewy appearance.

2. Calming/Soothing:
Cucumber extract has potent calming properties and is known to soothe the skin after sun exposure, irritation, redness and acne-inflammation

3. Antioxidant:
Thanks to the added caffeic acid and vitamins C and K, cucumber extract is a powerful antioxidant that helps keep the free radicals at bay.
This makes Cucumber Extract a great aid in the fight against wrinkles and fine lines.

4. Anti-aging and renewing:
Thanks to the high water content (95%) and micronutrients in the composition, Cucumber Extract helps keep the skin plump and hydrated.
This minimizes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and slows the aging process.

5. Anti Acne properties:
Thanks to the ascorbic acid and mineral silica in its composition, cucumber extract does have some beneficial properties on skin suffering with acne.
Cucumber Extract is a natural astringent, meaning it causes the contraction of skin cells and helps tighten the pores.

6. Reduces Swelling and Puffiness:
Cucumber extract is indeed very beneficial for the area around the eyes.
Cucumber Extract's potent hydrating and soothing properties help reduce any swelling, puffiness and bags under the eyes (especially if chilled beforehand).

7. Refreshing and energizing:
Products containing cucumber have powerful refreshing and re-energizing properties and can help the appearance of tired, saggy and dull-looking skin.



BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber Extract contains Vitamin A and Vitamin K and is packed with antioxidants.
Cucumber Extract may help with maintaining healthy weight in already healthy individuals and aids in hydration.
Cucumber Extract is also heart-healthy and promotes healthy colon function.
If applied topically, Cucumber Extract may help support healthy skin.
Cucumber Extract is rich in Vitamin K
Cucumber Extract is packed with antioxidants
Cucumber Extract helps in maintaining healthy weight
Cucumber Extract aids in hydration
Cucumber Extract promotes colon health
Cucumber Extract is heart healthy
Cucumber Extract may support healthy skin when applied topically



FUNCTIONS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
*Nourishing
*Hydrating
*cleansing
*moisturizing
*astringent,
*anti-inflammatory
*refreshing
*anti-irritant
*skin lightening.



METHOD OF DERIVATION OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cold-pressing:
As you can see cucumber extract is jam packed with all the right micronutrients and trace elements, so it comes as no surprise it does a lot of your skin.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT FOR THE SKIN?
Cucumber extract is a very gentle ingredient and is suitable for use with all skin types.
Cucumber Extract is known for its many beneficial skin care properties, including:

*HYDRATING:
Cucumbers, like aloe vera, contain polysaccharides, a type of natural carbohydrate, which create an invisible barrier on your skin to attract and retain moisture.
Astringent and anti-inflammatory - cucumbers have astringent properties, meaning they cause your skin cells to contract and tighten.
These properties also help to improve the appearance of large pores and acne.

*COOLING AND SOOTHING:
The cooling effects of cucumber are wonderful for soothing dry, red and overly sensitive skin types.
Products with cucumber extract are also good to use after excessive exposure to the sun to cool the skin.



WHAT ELSE IS CUCUMBER EXTRACT GOOD FOR?
Here are some simple, homemade remedies for healthy, hydrated skin, using cucumber:



HYDRATING AFTER SUN FACE-MASK, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Puree half a cucumber and a spoonful of yoghurt in a blender or food processor.
Apply the mixture all over your sun burned face, neck and shoulders.
Lie down on a towel and try to relax for about 15 minutes.
Rinse off with luke-warm water.
The Cucumber Extract should take some if not most of the heat out of your skin and leave you feeling hydrated.



RELIEVE PUFFY EYES, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
One of the oldest tricks in the book.
Lying down, apply of fresh Cucumber Extract on top of closed, puffy eyes.
Even after 10 minutes, the Cucumber Extract will help to tighten and sooth the inflamed skin around the eyes.



CUCUMBER SALAD OR SIDE DISH
Hydrating from inside and out is more effective.
Incorporate chopped cucumber into salads or even mix with some natural yoghurt and fresh garlic for a refreshing dip or side dish.



EXTRACTION METHOD OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber Extract extracted in Propylene Glycol and Water; Phenoxyethanol (preservative 0.1%)



BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
*Natural skin emollient and softener with cooling and tonic properties
*Ideal in skin cleansers but also soothing body lotions and skin creams, especially after-sun products
*Cucumber Extract softens and nourishes hair
*Cucumber Extract has a high content in minerals, potassium and sulfur helping to soften and hydrate the skin



ADD CUCUMBER EXTRACT TO FORMULAS TO THE WATER PHASE:
Typical use level of Cucumber Extract: 3-5%.
Cucumber Extract is used for external use only.



FUNCTIONS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
*Skin conditioning :
Cucumber Extract maintains skin in good condition



HOW CUCUMBER EXTRACT IS DERIVED:
Cucumber extract is made from the cucumber fruit, which belongs to the gourd family.
The cucumber fruit is typically ground or blended to produce a pulp, which is then pressed or strained to extract the liquid.
The result is a concentrated cucumber extract after this liquid has been filtered or purified to remove solids or impurities.
There are several ways to extract cucumber extract, but steam distillation is the most popular.
In this method, the cucumber is placed in a distillation chamber, and steam is applied.
The steam aids in the release of the cucumber's volatile compounds, which are then collected and condensed to form the extract.
Some manufacturers also extract cucumber extract using solvents like ethanol or hexane.
The solvent is used to extract the compounds from the cucumber, and the compounds are then separated from the solvent through distillation or evaporation.



CUCUMBER EXTRACT IN SKINCARE PRODUCTS:
Cucumber extract is a widely used component in skincare products because of its many skin-friendly properties.
Here are some of the ways cucumber extract is used in skincare:

*Hydration:
Cucumber extract is a great hydrator for the skin due to its high water content.
Cucumber Extract can help to replenish moisture levels in the skin, leaving it feeling soft, smooth, and supple.

*Anti-inflammatory:
The anti-inflammatory qualities of cucumber extract can help to soothe and calm irritated or inflamed skin.
Cucumber Extract can especially benefit those with acne-prone skin or sensitive skin conditions.

*Skin brightening:
Cucumber extract contains ascorbic acid, which can help to brighten and even out the skin tone.
Cucumber Extract can make dark spots and hyperpigmentation less noticeable, making the skin look lighter and more radiant.

*Cooling effect:
Cucumber extract has a cooling effect on the skin, making it an excellent ingredient for use in products like facial mists or eye creams.
Cucumber Extract can help to reduce puffiness and leave the skin feeling refreshed and revitalised.

*Antioxidants:
Cucumber extract contains antioxidants such as vitamin C, which can aid in the protection of the skin from free radical damage.
Because free radicals can cause premature ageing, including cucumber extract in your skincare routine can help you keep your skin looking young.



THE RICH NUTRIENT PROFILE OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber Extract is a high-nutrient vegetable that is high in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
Cucumber Extracts contain the following key nutrients:

Vitamin C:
Cucumber Extract is a fantastic food source of vitamin C, a potent antioxidant that can help shield the skin from oxidative damage.

Vitamin K:
Cucumber Extract also contains a lot of vitamin K, which is good for blood circulation and can help to lighten the appearance of dark circles under the eyes.

Potassium:
Cucumber Extract has a lot of potassium, which is good for heart health and blood pressure regulation.

Magnesium:
Cucumber Extracts are rich in magnesium, a mineral necessary for strong bones and healthy muscles.

Fibre:
A good source of fibre is Cucumber Extract, which can support a healthy digestive system and encourage feelings of fullness.

Water:
Cucumber Extractis composed mostly of water, making it a great hydrator for the body and the skin.



ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND SOOTHING EFFECTS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract contains anti-inflammatory and soothing properties that can help soothe and reduce skin redness and irritation.
Inflammation is the body's natural response to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation can cause skin damage and hasten the ageing process.
Cucumber extract has been shown to contain flavonoids and other substances that have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help lessen skin inflammation and redness.

Furthermore, cucumber extract has calming properties that can help to cool the skin and reduce discomfort.
Due to its anti-inflammatory and soothing qualities, cucumber extract is particularly helpful for people with sensitive or acne-prone skin.
Cucumber Extract can help to ease irritation brought on by environmental factors like sun exposure or harsh skincare products as well as reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne.



ASTRINGENT PROPERTIES FOR ACNE AND OILY SKIN, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Those with oily or acne-prone skin will benefit from cucumber extract's astringent properties, which can tighten and tone the skin.
Astringents function by closing pores and reducing sebum production, which is the oil that the skin produces.
This may help to ward off pimples and the appearance of enlarged pores.
Cucurbitacins and tannins, which are natural astringents found in cucumber extract, can help to firm and tighten the skin.
The cooling and refreshing properties of cucumber extract can also help to calm and soothe the skin.
These astringent advantages for your skin can be achieved by using skincare products that contain cucumber extract.
Cucumber extract can help regulate oil production and stop breakouts, so look for it in toners, cleansers, and masks. It's important to remember that while astringents can be helpful for people with oily or acne-prone skin, they can be drying and irritating for people with dry or sensitive skin.
Use a gentle, non-drying product that still has the benefits of cucumber extract if you have dry or sensitive skin.



REDUCING PUFFY EYES AND DARK CIRCLES, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract is also known for reducing puffiness and dark circles under the eyes.
Many factors can contribute to puffy eyes, including a lack of sleep, allergies, and dehydration.
Dark circles can also be caused by several factors, such as genetics, ageing, and skin pigmentation.

The anti-inflammatory properties of cucumber extract can help to lessen swelling and inflammation around the eyes.
The cooling and hydrating effects of cucumber extract can also help to calm the sensitive skin around the eyes and lessen the visibility of dark circles.
Cucumber extract can be used to reduce puffiness and dark circles by placing cucumber slices over your eyes for 10-15 minutes or by using cucumber extract-containing skincare products.

Look for cucumber extract in eye creams or serums to help soothe and hydrate the skin around your eyes and reduce the appearance of puffiness and dark circles.
While cucumber extract can assist in lessening the appearance of puffiness and dark circles, it might not be able to do so entirely.
Other lifestyle factors, such as getting enough sleep and staying hydrated, can help reduce puffiness and dark circles under the eyes.



ENHANCING COLLAGEN PRODUCTION AND ELASTICITY, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Collagen is a protein that is essential for maintaining skin elasticity and firmness.
The production of collagen in our skin naturally decreases as we age, which can result in wrinkles and sagging skin.
One such all-natural ingredient that can increase collagen production and increase skin elasticity is cucumber extract.

Vitamins and minerals found in abundance in cucumber extract can help with the production of collagen and skin elasticity.
Vitamin C and caffeic acid, two compounds known to promote the production of collagen, are found in particular in cucumber extract.
Caffeic acid is an essential nutrient for the production of new collagen and can protect the structure of existing collagen.

In addition to boosting the production of collagen, cucumber extract also contains silica, a mineral necessary for maintaining healthy connective tissue in the skin.
Silica can increase skin elasticity and firmness, which will make wrinkles and fine lines less obvious.



INCORPORATING CUCUMBER EXTRACT INTO YOUR SKINCARE ROUTINE:
Cucumber extract skincare benefits:
Cucumber extract is easy to incorporate into your skincare routine and offers a variety of skin benefits.
Here are some ways to incorporate cucumber extract into your skincare routine:

*Cleansing:
Begin by cleansing your face gently with a cleanser containing cucumber extract.
This can help to remove dirt, oil, and makeup from your skin while also hydrating and soothing it.

*Toning:
To help tighten and firm your skin after cleansing, use a toner containing cucumber extract.
This can aid in pore reduction and oil production management.

*Serum:
If you want to increase collagen production and increase skin elasticity, think about using a serum with cucumber extract.
This can assist in giving your skin the vitamins and minerals it requires to produce collagen and keep its elasticity.

*Applying moisture:
To hydrate and calm your skin, use a moisturiser containing cucumber extract.
This can give you a healthy, radiant glow and lessen the visibility of fine lines and wrinkles.

*Eye cream:
To help reduce puffiness and dark circles around the eyes, use an eye cream that contains cucumber extract.
This can give the delicate skin around the eyes some relief and hydration, giving the area a more youthful appearance.

*Face mask:
To give your skin a deep, hydrating treatment once or twice per week, think about using a cucumber extract face mask.
Your skin will look and feel soft and supple after using this to help calm and refresh it.



SAFETY AND SIDE EFFECTS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract is generally regarded as safe because there haven't been many negative side effects associated with its use in skincare products.



SUITABLE SKIN TYPES, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
All skin types, including normal, oily, combination, dry, and sensitive, can use cucumber extract.
Cucumber extract is a gentle and hydrating ingredient that can benefit the skin in a variety of ways, including inflammation reduction, improved hydration, and antioxidant protection.
To get the best results, however, choose skincare products that are specifically formulated for your skin type.
If you have oily or acne-prone skin, for example, look for products with astringent properties to help control oil production.
If you have dry skin, look for products with extra hydrating ingredients to help moisturise and nourish it.
In general, cucumber extract is a versatile ingredient that can be beneficial for many different skin types and concerns.
To make sure a new skincare product with cucumber extract is suitable for your skin type before using it all over your face, it is always a good idea to patch-test it first.



SUGGESTED USE & BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
The cucumber, from the gourd family, is believed to be native to India.
As a popular culinary vegetable it has been cultivated in France since the 9th century, England since the 14th century, and in North America from the mid-16th century onwards.
We associate the cucumber with cooling properties and perhaps its best-known cosmetic use is for calming puffy eyes.
Some say that cucumber’s soothing/anti-inflammatory properties are more reputed than scientifically-based, but cucumber extract does naturally contain a host of constituents that are beneficial for skin at the cellular level, including the minerals magnesium and potassium (which support the skin’s moisture retention and regulation), vitamin C and the phytochemical caffeic acid (antioxidant benefits).
The lutein within cucumber can help counteract melanogenesis, the process that can lead to skin pigmentation/discoloration.
The component of silica will help reduce wrinkles and fine lines by giving a boost to the skin’s collagen.
Cucumber Extract also contains amino acids, proteins, and lipids.



BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract a superfood for skin.
Cucumber extract has natural desquamation properties.
Cucumber Extract aids in your skin's natural shedding of its outer layer during cell turnover, keeping your skin looking fresh and young.
The antioxidants that cucumber contains resolve any inflammation on the skin effortlessly.

✅ Calms and rejuvenates inflamed skin.
✅ Soothes and relieves puffy skin.
✅ Can remove excessive oil and unclog pores.
✅ Firms and tightens skin



TOP BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT FOR YOUR SKIN:
Cucumber extract is a powerful ingredient that can benefit your skin in several ways.
Here are some of the top benefits of cucumber extract for your skin:

*The high water content of cucumber extract makes it a fantastic skin hydrator.
Cucumber extract aids in replenishing the skin's moisture levels, keeping it supple, radiant, and soft.

*Antioxidants in cucumber extract, like vitamin C, can shield the skin from free radical damage that can speed up the ageing process.
Cucumber extract can aid in lessening the visibility of age spots, wrinkles, and fine lines.

*Cucumber extract has anti-inflammatory qualities that can help calm and soothe irritated or inflamed skin.
For people with rosacea or acne-prone skin, in particular, Cucumber extract may be helpful.

*Ascorbic acid, a component of cucumber extract, can help to lighten and even out skin tone.
It can make dark spots and hyperpigmentation less noticeable, making the skin look lighter and more radiant.

*A great ingredient for products like facial mists or eye creams, cucumber extract has a cooling effect on the skin.
Cucumber extract can aid in minimising puffiness and leave the skin feeling renewed and refreshed.

*Cucumber extract has astringent qualities that may aid in firming and tightening the skin.
Those with sagging or loose skin may benefit most from Cucumber extract.



HYDRATION AND MOISTURIZATION OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
The water content of the skin is referred to as "hydration."
When your skin is hydrated, it means that there is an adequate amount of water within the skin cells and between them.
Hydration is essential because it keeps the skin soft, supple, and plump.

Dehydrated skin can appear dull, tight, and even flaky or itchy.
On the other hand, the process of adding moisture to the skin is referred to as "moisturization."
Moisturisers are skincare products that contain ingredients that help to keep moisture in the skin and prevent it from evaporating.
Moisturization is essential because it keeps the skin hydrated and prevents water loss, which can cause dryness and other skin problems.

Cucumber extract is an excellent hydrating and moisturising ingredient.
Because of its high water content, it is an excellent hydrator, helping to replenish the skin's water content and keep it looking plump and healthy.
Additionally, the fatty acids and phytosterols in cucumber extract help to lock in moisture and stop it from evaporating from the skin, resulting in effective moisturization.



ANTIOXIDANTS AND ANTI-AGING, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Antioxidants are compounds that help to protect the skin from free radical damage, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells and speed up the ageing process.
When free radicals interact with skin cells, they can cause oxidative stress, which can lead to inflammation, wrinkles, and other ageing symptoms.

Antioxidants work by neutralising free radicals and keeping them from causing skin damage.
They can also aid in the repair of existing damage and the promotion of healthy cell growth.
Examples of antioxidants that are frequently present in skincare products include beta-carotene, flavonoids, and vitamins C and E.
Antioxidants are frequently present in anti-aging skincare products because of their capacity to shield the skin from harm and encourage healthy cell growth.

Cucumber extract is high in antioxidants, including vitamin C, which can protect the skin from free radical damage and help to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
Cucumber extract, in addition to its antioxidant properties, contains compounds that can help boost collagen production, which can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
The protein collagen gives the skin its elasticity and firmness, but as we get older, our bodies produce less collagen, which causes sagging and wrinkles.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Colour: greenish
Form: liquid
State of matter: liquid
Odour: typical
pH value: 4.5 – 6.5
Flash point: No data available.
Self-ignition temperature: Not applicable
Melting point: No data available.
Boiling point: No data available.
Vapour pressure: No data available.
Density: approx. 1 g/cm3 ( 20 °C)
Partitioning coefficient n No data available.
octanol/water (log Pow):
Viscosity, dynamic: 1 - 3 mPa.s ( 20 °C)
% Volatiles: not determined
Solubility in water: miscible



FIRST AID MEASURES of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air.
-Skin:
After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water and soap.
-Eyes:
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
-Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Cleanup:
Pick up with inert absorbent material.
Place into approved waste containers.
Wear suitable protective equipment.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Suitable extinguishing media:
carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Work in well ventilated areas.
Personal protective equipment.
*Eye protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Handling
*General advice:
As with all industrial chemicals, use good industrial practices when handling.
-Storage
*General advice:
Keep container tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated place



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Possibility of Hazardous Reactions:
No hazardous reactions known.
-Hazardous decomposition products:
No decomposition expected under normal storage conditions.



SYNONYMS:
CUCUMBER EXTRACT
CUCUMBER FRUIT EXTRACT
CUCUMBER INFUSION
CUCUMBER, EXT.
CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) EXTRACT
CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) FRUIT EXTRACT
CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) INFUSION
CUCUMIS SATIVUS EXTRACT
CUCUMIS SATIVUS FRUIT EXTRACT
CUCUMIS SATIVUS INFUSION
EXTRACT OF CUCUMBER
EXTRACT OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS
Glycerin
Aqua
Cucumis Sativus Fruit Extract

CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) is a highly reactive organic compound that is used in a variety of applications in the scientific and industrial fields.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a white crystalline solid with a pungent odor, and is a powerful oxidizing agent.


CAS Number: 80-15-9
MDL number: MFCD00002129
Chemical formula: C9H12O2


Cumene hydroperoxide is an initiator for radical polymerization
Cumene hydroperoxide is a relatively stable organic peroxide.
This oxidizing agent, Cumene hydroperoxide, is commercially available with a purity of ~80%.


A 0.2 M solution in benzene has a half-life of 29 hours at 145°C.
The decomposition products of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.
Pure cumene hydroperoxide can be stored at room temperature.


Cumene hydroperoxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Cumene hydroperoxide has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).


Cumene hydroperoxide is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.
Technically Cumene hydroperoxide is part of the human exposome.
Cumene hydroperoxide is slightly soluble in water and readily soluble in ether, alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons.


Cumene hydroperoxide is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(CH3)2OOH.
An oily liquid, Cumene hydroperoxide is classified as an organic hydroperoxide.
Products of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.


Cumene hydroperoxide is produced by treatment of cumene with oxygen, an autoxidation.
At temperatures >100 °C, oxygen is passed through liquid cumene:
C6H5(CH3)2CH + O2 → C6H5(CH3)2COOH


Dicumyl peroxide is a side product.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a free radical initiator for production of acrylates.
Cumene hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the manufacturing of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propylene.


The oxidation by cumene hydroperoxide of propylene affords propylene oxide and the byproduct 2-Phenyl-2-propanol.
The reaction follows this stoichiometry:
CH3CHCH2 + C6H5(CH3)2COOH → CH3CHCH2O + C6H5(CH3)2COH


Dehydrating and hydrogenating cumyl alcohol recycles the cumene.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a sharp, odor.
Flash point of Cumene hydroperoxide is 175 °F.


Cumene hydroperoxide boils at 153 °C and at 100 °C at the reduced pressure of 8 mmHg.
Cumene hydroperoxide is slightly soluble in water and denser than water.
Cumene hydroperoxide hence sinks in water.


Cumene hydroperoxide is readily soluble in alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Cumene hydroperoxide is used in production of acetone and phenol, as a polymerization catalyst, in redox systems.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.


Cumene hydroperoxide has a role as an oxidising agent and a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite.
Cumene hydroperoxide derives from a hydride of a cumene.
Cumene Hydroperoxide [CAS: 80-15-9] is a colorless to yellow liquid that is a relatively stable organic peroxide.


Cumene Hydroperoxide is produced by the oxidation of Cumene as a co-product of phenol.
Cumene Hydroperoxide is often referred to as CHP for short; other names include Cumyl Hydroperoxide and the IUPAC name 2-hydroperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene.
Cumene Hydroperoxide decomposes fairly easily, producing Acetophenone, Cumyl Alcohol, and Methylstyrene.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Cumene hydroperoxide is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, inks and toners, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Cumene hydroperoxide is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Other release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.


Other release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.
Cumene hydroperoxide is used in the following products: polymers and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).
Release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Cumene hydroperoxide is used in the following products: polymers.
Cumene hydroperoxide has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Cumene hydroperoxide is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.


Release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Through the study of melatonin Cumene hydroperoxide has been observed to promote lipid oxidation and inhibit protein synthesis.


Release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Cumene Hydroperoxide, also known as Cumyl Hydroperoxide, is used as an oxidizing agent.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


Cumene hydroperoxide is a colorless to pale yellow liquid.
Cumene hydroperoxide is reactive with metal-containing materials and is the initiator for polymerization of styrene and acrylic monomer.
Cumene Hydroperoxide is an oxidant used in the preparation of polystyrene nanocapsules.


Cumene hydroperoxide is used in the production of acetone and phenol and as a curing agent for polyester resins and other polymers.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a derivative of cumene, a hydrocarbon derived from petroleum, and is used in the synthesis of a range of organic and inorganic compounds, as well as in the manufacture of polymers, plastics, and pharmaceuticals.


Cumene Hydroperoxide is typically used to provide extra stability as a polymerization inhibitor in redox systems.
CHP is also used in the manufacturing of organic peroxides, the production of phenol and acetone, and as a strong free radical source since it contains more than 8.5% active oxygen.


This unique peroxide functions as both a polymerization inhibitor and a reagent for the manufacture of other organic peroxides.
Cumene Hydroperoxide is also a strong oxidizing agent, which makes it an extremely valuable specialty intermediate in the plastics and epoxy resin industries.


Adding CHP to epoxy vinyl ester systems can eliminate the foaming experienced with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), a more traditionally used organic peroxide.
CHP systems also allow for a wide range of gel times followed by a well-controlled cure of epoxy resins.


This allows relatively thick laminates to be made, thereby reducing the risk of the finished resin overheating and warping.
Cumene hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the cumene process for producing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene.
Cumene hydroperoxide is also used in the production of polyurethane foam and in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Cumene hydroperoxide is produced by the reaction of cumene with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst, usually manganese dioxide.
The reaction is typically carried out in a closed system at temperatures of up to 150°C and pressures of up to 20 atmospheres.
The reaction is highly exothermic, and the rate of reaction is controlled by the rate of cooling.
The reaction produces a mixture of Cumene hydroperoxide and cumene, which is then separated by distillation.



SYNTHESIS METHOD DETAILS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
*Design of the Synthesis Pathway
The synthesis pathway for Cumene hydroperoxide involves the oxidation of Cumene (isopropylbenzene) using Hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an acid catalyst.



STARTING MATERIALS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
*Cumene (isopropylbenzene)
*Hydrogen peroxide
*Acid catalyst (such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid)



REACTION OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Mix Cumene and Hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the acid catalyst
Heat the mixture to a temperature of around 60-80°C
Allow the reaction to proceed for several hours
Separate the Cumene hydroperoxide from the reaction mixture using a solvent such as ethyl acetate
Purify the Cumene hydroperoxide using distillation or crystallization



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Cumene hydroperoxide is used in a wide range of scientific research applications, including in the synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds, in the production of polymers, plastics, and pharmaceuticals, and in the manufacture of polyurethane foam and PVC.
Cumene hydroperoxide is also used in the study of the mechanisms of oxidation and reduction reactions, in the study of the effects of oxidizing agents on organic compounds, and in the study of the mechanisms of polymerization and cross-linking reactions.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Cumene hydroperoxide is a powerful oxidizing agent and its reactivity is due to its ability to transfer oxygen atoms to other molecules.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a strong oxidizing agent and can oxidize a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds.
Cumene hydroperoxide is also a strong reducing agent and can reduce many organic and inorganic compounds.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
*Peroxols
*Alkyl hydroperoxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
*Phenylpropane
*Hydroperoxide
*Alkyl hydroperoxide
*Peroxol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Chemical formula: C9H12O2
Molar mass: 152.193 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Melting point: −9 °C (16 °F; 264 K)
Boiling point: 153 °C (307 °F; 426 K)
Solubility in water: 1.5 g/100 mL
Vapor pressure: 14 mmHg, at 20 °C
Boiling point: 116 °C (20 hPa)
Density: 1.03 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 57 °C
Melting Point: pH value: >5 (13 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Solubility: 13 g/l
Melting Point: -37°C

Color: Yellow
Quantity: 100 g
UN Number: 3109
Formula Weight: 152.19
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Cumene Hydroperoxide
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.03000 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.52100 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -9.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 225.00 to 226.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.003270 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 133.00 °F. TCC ( 56.11 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.216 (est)

Soluble in: water, 1.39E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Flash Point: 135°F (NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): 0.9 %
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): 6.5 %
Autoignition Temperature: 300°F
Melting Point: less than -40°F
Vapor Pressure: 0.6 mmHg at 68°F (for 80-85% by weight)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): 5
Specific Gravity: 1.03 at 77°F
Boiling Point: Decomposes at 261°F
Molecular Weight: 152.21
Water Solubility: less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64°F
Ionization Energy/Potential: data unavailable
IDLH: data unavailable
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C9H12O2 = 152.19

Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
CAS RN: 80-15-9
Reaxys Registry Number: 1908117
PubChem Substance ID: 87560369
MDL Number: MFCD00002129
Appearance (Colour): Clear colorless to pale yellow
Form: Liquid
Assay (Iodometric Titration): ≥75%
Identification (FTIR): Conforms
Refractive Index: 1,5170-1,5250 @ 20°C
Melting point: -30°
Refractive index: 1.5240
Flash point: 56°(132°F)
Formula weight: 152.20
Boiling point: 100-102°/8mm

MDL No.: MFCD00002129
CAS No.: 80-15-9
Molecular formula: C9H12O2
Storage temperature: 2°C to 8°C
Molecular Weight: 152.19 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 1.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 152.083729621 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 152.083729621 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 115
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Flash Point: 135°F (NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): 0.9 % (NTP, 1992)
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): 6.5 % (NTP, 1992)
Autoignition Temperature: 300°F (USCG, 1999)
Melting Point: less than -40°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Pressure: 0.6 mmHg at 68°F (for 80-85% by weight) (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): 5 (NTP, 1992)
Specific Gravity: 1.03 at 77°F (USCG, 1999)
Boiling Point: Decomposes at 261°F (NTP, 1992)
Molecular Weight: 152.21 (NTP, 1992)
Water Solubility: less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64°F (NTP, 1992)
Ionization Energy/Potential: data unavailable
IDLH: data unavailable



FIRST AID MEASURES of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
α,α-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
2-Phenylpropane-2-peroxol
Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
.alpha.-Cumene hydroperoxide
.alpha.-Cumyl hydroperoxide
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
2-hydroperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene
2-PHENYL-2-PROPYL HYDROPEROXIDE
2-phenylpropan-2-yl hydroperoxide
2-Phenylpropane-2-peroxol
4-06-00-03221 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
7-Hydroperoxykumen
80-15-9
a,a-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
AKOS015841738
alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
ALPHA,ALPHA-DIMETHYLBENZENE HYDROPEROXIDE
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
alpha-Cumene hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumyl hydroperoxide
BRN 1908117
C2223
CAS-80-15-9
CCG-207896
CCRIS 3801
CHEBI:78673
CHEMBL1518369
CHP-158
CHP-5
CMH (CHRIS Code)
Cumeenhydroperoxyde
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumene Hydroperoxide (80per cent, Technical grade)
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumene hydroperoxide, technical grade, 80%
Cumene hydroperoxide, technical, ~80% in cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
(Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide)
dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
DTXCID404869
DTXSID3024869
EC 201-254-7
EINECS 201-254-7
HSDB 254
Hydroperoxide de cumene
Hydroperoxide, .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl-
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl-
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
KAYACUMENE H
LS-1792
LUPEROX CU 80
MFCD00002129
NA2116
NCGC00091748-01
NCGC00091748-02
NCGC00091748-03
NCGC00254045-01
Percumyl H
PG7JD54X4I
PH 80
Q414439
r 239a
RCRA waste no. U096
RCRA waste number U096
SCHEMBL11210695
SCHEMBL15251
STL453641
Tox21_300283
Trigonox K 80
TRIGONOX K 90
Trigonox K-95
Trigonox R 239A
TRIGONOX R 239R
UN 2116
UN2116
UNII-PG7JD54X4I
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumene hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
a,a-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
Α,α-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
a-Cumene hydroperoxide
Α-cumene hydroperoxide
a-Cumyl hydroperoxide
Α-cumyl hydroperoxide
Cumene hydroperoxide, sodium salt
Cumylhydroperoxide
Isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide, α,α-dimethylbenzyl
α-Cumene hydroperoxide
α-Cumyl hydroperoxide
α,α-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
Percumyl H
Trigonox K 80
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
Cumeenhydroperoxyde
Cument hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
7-Hydroperoxykumen
Idroperossido di cumene
Idroperossido di cumolo
Kumenylhydroperoxid
Rcra waste number U096
UN 2116
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
CHP-158
CHP-5
Hyperiz
Trigonox R 239A
Trigonox K-95
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl
(1-hydroperoxy-1-methyl-ethyl)benzene
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-dimethyl-benzyl hydroperoxide
.alpha.-Cumene hydroperoxide
.alpha.-Cumyl hydroperoxide
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
2-(dioxidanyl)propan-2-ylbenzene
2-Hydroperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
7-Hydroperoxykumen
CHP
CHP-158
CHP-5
Cumeenhydroperoxyde
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cument hydroperoxide
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Cumolhydroperoxide
Trigonox R 239A
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
Hyperiz
(2-hydroperoxypropan-2-yl)benzene
Idroperossido di cumene
Idroperossido di cumolo
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
Kumenylhydroperoxid
Percumyl H
Trigonox K 80
Trigonox K-95
BRN 1908117
CCRIS 3801
EINECS 201-254-7
HSDB 254
RCRA WASTE NO. U096
UN 2116
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl Hydroperoxide
α,α-Dimethylbenzyl Hydroperoxide
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl Hydroperoxide
2-Hydroperoxy-2-phenylpropane
2-Phenyl-2-propyl Hydroperoxide
2-Phenylpropyl Hydroperoxide
7-Cumyl Hydroperoxide
CHP
CHP 158
CHP 5
CHP 90
CHPO
CU 90
Cumen Hydroperoxide
Cumene Hydroperoxide
Cumenyl Hydroperoxide
Cumyl Hydrogen peroxide
Cumyl hydroperoxide
H 80
Hyperis
Hyperiz
Isopropylbenzene Hydroperoxide
Kayacumene H
Luperox CU 80
Luperox CU 90
PH 80; Percumyl H
Percumyl H 18
Percumyl H 80
Percumyl H 90
R 239A
Trigonox K 80
Trigonox K 90
Trigonox R 239A
Trigonox R 239R
α,α-Dimethylbenzyl Hydroperoxide
α-Cumene Hydroperoxide
α-Cumyl Hydroperoxide
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cument hydroperoxide
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxide
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide de cumene
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl-
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
UN3107
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumene hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP
cumene hydroperoxide
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide



Cumène sulfonate de sodium( sodium cumène sulfonate)
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triol; 1,3,5-Triazinetriol; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione; 1,3,5-Triazinetrione; Trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine; Tricarbimide; Pseudocyanuric acid; Isocyanuric acid; sym-triazine-2,4,6-triol; sym-triazinetriol; normal cyanuric acid; 2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine; trihydroxycyanidine; tricyanic acid; Cas no: 108-80-5
CUMYL HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumyl hydroperoxide is colorless to light yellow liquid with a sharp, irritating odor.
Cumyl hydroperoxide slightly soluble in water and denser than water.
Cumyl hydroperoxide readily soluble in alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons.

CAS Number: 80-15-9
Molecular Formula: C9H12O2
Molecular Weight: 152.19
EINECS Number: 201-254-7

Cumyl hydroperoxide, flash point 175°F and boils at 153°C and at 100°C at the reduced pressure of 8 mm Hg.
Cumyl hydroperoxide used in production of acetone and phenol, as a polymerization catalyst, in redox systems.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a colorless to pale yellow liquid.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is moderately soluble in water.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a member of a class of chemicals called organic peroxides.
Cumyl hydroperoxide can be formed in small amounts from the breakdown of the naturally occurring compound cumene

Cumyl hydroperoxide is the organic compound with the formula C9H12O2.
An oily liquid, Cumyl hydroperoxide is classified as an organic hydroperoxide.
Cumyl hydroperoxides of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and 2-Phenyl-2-propanol.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is produced by treatment of cumene with oxygen, an autoxidation at temperatures >100 °C, oxygen is passed through liquid cumene:
C6H5(CH3)2CH + O2 → C6H5(CH3)2COOH Dicumyl peroxide is a side Cumyl hydroperoxide.
Cumyl hydroperoxide penetrates human red blood cells reduced by glutathione in the reaction catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase.

Cumyl hydroperoxide, water, and oxidized gluthathione were products.
Enzymatic reduction of Cumyl hydroperoxide leads to the formation of cumenol (2-phenylpropan-2-ol) in vitro.
Cumyl hydroperoxide has known human metabolites that include (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3- (2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxysulfanyl)propan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid.

The Cumyl hydroperoxide-hematin system reacts with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide to form the nitroxide 5,5-dimethylpyrrolidone-(2)-oxyl-(1) (DMPOX).
DMPOX is formed via spin trapping of a Cumyl hydroperoxide radical followed by an intramolecular carbanion displacement.

hydroperoxide-hematin system is most likely mediated by cumene hydroperoxyl radical.
Cumyl hydroperoxide oxidized cholesterol to the carcinogen 5,6-epoxide (5,6-alpha-epoxy-5-alpha-cholestan-3-beta-ol).

Cumyl hydroperoxide is an organic hydroperoxide intermediate in the cumene process for synthesizing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is typically used as an oxidizing agent.
Cumyl hydroperoxide of decomposition of Cumyl hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.

One of the key uses for the Cumyl hydroperoxide is as a free radical initiator for acrylate and methacrylate monomers, and polyester resins.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the manufacturing of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propylene.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a relatively stable organic peroxide.

This oxidizing agent is commercially available with a purity of ~80%. A 0.2 M solution in benzene has a half-life of 29 hours at 145°C.
The decomposition products of Cumyl hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.
Pure Cumyl hydroperoxidecan be stored at room temperature, but the potential for an uncontrolled reaction and explosion is high.

Cumyl hydroperoxide as well as other hydroperoxides can undergo rapid decomposition under the influence of a wide range of trace compounds, such as acids and metals.
Cumyl hydroperoxide, also known as cumene hydroperoxide, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H12O2.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is an organic peroxide that is used primarily as an initiator in various polymerization processes and as a source of free radicals in chemical reactions.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is an important industrial chemical with applications in the production of plastics, resins, and other products.

Melting point: -30 °C
Boiling point: 100-101 °C/8 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: 5.4 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.5230
Flash point: 192 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Soluble), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Soluble)
form: clear liquid
pka: pK1:12.60 (25°C)
color: Colorless to Almost colorless
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
BRN: 1908117
Exposure limits No exposure limit is set. On the basis of its irritant properties, a ceiling limit of 2 mg/m3 (0.3 ppm) is recommended.
Stability: Stable. combustible. Strong oxidizer.
LogP: 1.6 at 25℃

Cumyl hydroperoxide is a strong oxidizing agent.
May react explosively upon contact with reducing reagents Violent reaction occurs upon contact with copper, copper alloys, lead alloys, and mineral acids.
Contact with charcoal powder gives a strong exothermic reaction.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is typically synthesized through the reaction of cumene (also known as isopropylbenzene) with hydrogen peroxide.
This reaction yields cumyl hydroperoxide and water.
The stability of cumyl hydroperoxide is a critical factor due to its potential for decomposition.

Cumyl hydroperoxide can undergo self-decomposition, leading to the release of radicals and heat.
To maintain its stability, it is often stored at lower temperatures and with appropriate stabilizers.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a radical initiator commonly used in the production of thermoplastic polymers.

When heated, cumyl hydroperoxide decomposes into radicals, which initiate the polymerization of monomers.
This process involves the propagation of polymer chains through the addition of monomer molecules.
The resulting Cumyl hydroperoxide have various industrial applications due to their mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties.

Cumene hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the cumene process for producing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a free radical initiator for production of acrylates.

Cumene hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the manufacturing of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propylene.
The oxidation by Cumyl hydroperoxide of propylene affords propylene oxide and the byproduct 2-Phenyl-2-propanol.

Cumyl hydroperoxide of properties and Structure:
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a type of organic peroxide, characterized by an oxygen-oxygen single bond (O-O) in its structure.
The specific arrangement of atoms in the molecule makes it susceptible to decomposition, releasing free radicals that can initiate polymerization reactions.

Cumyl hydroperoxide's production and use in the manufacture of acetone, phenol, and alpha-methylsytrene, as a polymerization catalyst, and as a polyester resin crosslinking agent, may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Small quantities might be formed in the atmosphere and natural waters from cumene.
If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.27X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Cumyl hydroperoxide will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere.

Vapor-phase Cumyl hydroperoxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemicallyproduced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 45 hours.
If released to soil, Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2000.
Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure.

Cumyl hydroperoxides react with a variety of compounds and are degraded readily to the corresponding alcohols.
If released into water, is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc.
An estimated BCF of 12 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Occupational exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Cumyl hydroperoxide is produced or used.
Cumyl hydroperoxide's production and use in the manufacture of acetone, phenol, and alpha-methylsytrene(1), as a polymerization catalyst(2), and as a polyester resin crosslinking agent(3), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Uses
Cumyl hydroperoxide is used for the manufactureof acetone and phenols; for studyingthe mechanism of NADPH-dependent lipidperoxidation; and in organic syntheses.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is used in the preparation of polystyrene nanocapsules.
Cumyl hydroperoxide acts as a curing agent for polyester resins and as an oxidizer in organic chemical reactions.

Cumyl hydroperoxide serves as an initiator for radical polymerization especially for acrylate and methacrylate monomers.
Cumyl hydroperoxide also employed as an intermediate in the cumene process for developing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene.
Further, Cumyl hydroperoxide is used as an epoxidation reagent for allylic alcohols and fatty acid esters.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is also used to prepare methylstyrene, acetophenone and cumyl alcohol.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is widely used as an initiator in the production of polymers and plastics.
When it decomposes, it forms free radicals that can initiate the polymerization of monomers, leading to the formation of polymer chains.

This is crucial in the Cumyl hydroperoxide of materials like polystyrene, polyethylene, and other plastics.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is used in the production of synthetic resins and adhesives.
It helps initiate the polymerization of monomers to create crosslinked structures that contribute to the strength and durability of the final product.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is also used as a source of free radicals in various chemical reactions.
Cumyl hydroperoxide can be used to modify and functionalize organic compounds by introducing new chemical groups.
In some cases, cumyl hydroperoxide is used as an oxidizing agent in certain chemical transformations.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is an important commercial chemical used in the production of plastics and to make other chemicals.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is an ingredient in an auto detail product and home maintenance product.
Cumyl hydroperoxide used may breathe in vapors or have direct skin contact.

The general population may be exposed by vapors from limited use in two consumer Cumyl hydroperoxide.
If Cumyl hydroperoxide is released to the environment, it will be broken down in air.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to be broken down by sunlight.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to move slowly through soil.
It is not expected to build up in fish.
However, organic peroxides such as Cumyl hydroperoxide are very reactive and will explode and burn if not stored properly.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is utilized in the production of synthetic resins and adhesives.
The radical initiation process helps link monomers together to form crosslinked structures, resulting in the solidification of resins and the creation of adhesive properties.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is involved in the polymerization of olefins, such as ethylene and propylene, leading to the production of polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively.

Cumyl hydroperoxide are used in a wide range of applications, including packaging materials, containers, and more.
In the rubber industry, cumyl hydroperoxide is used to initiate polymerization reactions in the production of synthetic rubbers.
These rubbers can then be used for a variety of applications, including tires, seals, gaskets, and more.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is used in the production of other polymers and plastics, contributing to the versatility and functionality of numerous industrial and consumer products.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is utilized in the production of adhesives and sealants.
By initiating polymerization reactions, Cumyl hydroperoxide helps create crosslinked structures that contribute to the adhesive properties and the ability to bond surfaces together.

In the coatings industry, cumyl hydroperoxide is employed to initiate polymerization reactions in the production of coatings and paints.
These coatings can provide protective and decorative finishes on surfaces such as metal, wood, and plastic.
Cumyl hydroperoxide can be used in the textile industry to modify and functionalize textiles, enhancing properties such as water resistance, durability, and dyeability.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is sometimes used as a source of free radicals in chemical reactions.
These reactions can be employed to modify molecules and create new compounds with specific properties.
Cumyl hydroperoxide serves as a valuable tool in research laboratories and development projects, particularly in the synthesis of new polymers and materials.

Cumyl hydroperoxide can be used in the production of plastic additives that enhance the properties of plastics, such as impact resistance, UV stability, and flame retardancy.
In some cases, cumyl hydroperoxide can be used as an oxidizing agent in wastewater treatment processes to break down organic pollutants.
In the medical field, cumyl hydroperoxide can be utilized in certain medical device manufacturing processes where polymers with specific properties are required.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is used in the rubber industry to initiate the vulcanization process.
Vulcanization involves the crosslinking of rubber molecules using heat and additives to improve the mechanical properties, elasticity, and durability of rubber products.
Emulsion polymerization is a process used to produce latex dispersions, which are used in coatings, paints, adhesives, and more.

Cumyl hydroperoxide can act as an initiator in emulsion polymerization reactions to create latex particles.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is involved in initiating the polymerization of thermoset resins, which are widely used in the production of composites, laminates, and molded parts for industries such as aerospace and automotive.
Cumyl hydroperoxide can serve as a source of radicals in various chemical reactions used to synthesize new organic compounds with specific properties, such as pharmaceutical intermediates or specialty chemicals.

Health Hazard
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a mild to moderateskin irritant on rabbits.
Subcutaneousapplication exhibited a strong delayed reactionwith symptoms of erythema and edema(Floyd and Stockinger 1958).
Strong solutionscan irritate the eyes severely, affectingthe cornea and iris.

Its toxicity is comparable to that of Cumyl hydroperoxide.
Cumyl hydroperoxideis toxic,its pretreatment may be effective against thetoxicity of hydrogen peroxide.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is mutagenic andtumorigenic (NIOSH 1986).

Fire Hazard
When exposed to heat or flame, Cumyl hydroperoxide may ignite and/or explode.
A 91–95% concentration of Cumyl hydroperoxide decomposes violently at 150°C (302°F) (NFPA 1986).
Cumyl hydroperoxide forms an explosive mixture with air.

Safety
Organic peroxides, including cumyl hydroperoxide, are hazardous materials due to their potential for spontaneous decomposition and release of free radicals, which can lead to fires or explosions.
They are sensitive to heat, friction, and impact Proper handling, storage, and transportation are crucial to prevent accidents.

Cumyl hydroperoxide, like all organic peroxides, is potentially explosive.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is also toxic, corrosive and flammable as well as a skin-irritant.

Synonyms
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumyl hydroperoxide
80-15-9
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Cumolhydroperoxide
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
Cument hydroperoxide
2-hydroperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
Cumeenhydroperoxyde
Kumenylhydroperoxid
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
7-Hydroperoxykumen
RCRA waste number U096
Hydroperoxide de cumene
Idroperossido di cumene
Idroperossido di cumolo
Percumyl H
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
CCRIS 3801
HSDB 254
Hyperiz
DTXSID3024869
Cumolhydroperoxid [German]
UNII-PG7JD54X4I
Cumeenhydroperoxyde [Dutch]
Kumenylhydroperoxid [Czech]
7-Hydroperoxykumen [Czech]
EINECS 201-254-7
PG7JD54X4I
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
Trigonox K 80
BRN 1908117
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl-
CHEBI:78673
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl-
Hydroperoxyde de cumene [French]
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle [French]
Idroperossido di cumene [Italian]
Idroperossido di cumolo [Italian]
PH 80
alpha-Cumyl hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumene hydroperoxide
LUPEROX CU 80
TRIGONOX K 90
2-Phenylpropane-2-peroxol
RCRA waste no. U096
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl
DTXCID404869
EC 201-254-7
4-06-00-03221 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
cumylhydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide, .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl
Cumene Hydroperoxide (80per cent, Technical grade)
r 239a
isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide
cumyl-hydroperoxide
Trigonox K-95
Trigonox R 239A
KAYACUMENE H
CMH (CHRIS Code)
dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
TRIGONOX R 239R
.alpha.-Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP-5
.alpha.-Cumene hydroperoxide
SCHEMBL15251
a,a-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
CHEMBL1518369
SCHEMBL11210695
CHP-158
2-phenylpropan-2-yl hydroperoxide
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE [HSDB]
Tox21_300283
MFCD00002129
NA2116
STL453641
UN2116
AKOS015841738
CCG-207896
LS-1792
UN 2116
2-PHENYL-2-PROPYL HYDROPEROXIDE
CAS-80-15-9
alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
NCGC00091748-01
NCGC00091748-02
NCGC00091748-03
NCGC00254045-01
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
Cumene hydroperoxide, technical grade, 80%
C2223
ALPHA,ALPHA-DIMETHYLBENZENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumene hydroperoxide, technical, ~80% in cumene
Q414439
Cumene hydroperoxide; (Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide)
CUMYL HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumyl Hydroperoxide Cumyl hydroperoxide is an organic hydroperoxide intermediate in the cumene process for synthesizing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene. It is typically used as an oxidizing agent.[2] Products of decomposition of Cumyl hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.[3] Its formula is C6H5C(CH3)2OOH. One of the key uses for the material is as a free radical initiator for acrylate and methacrylate monomers, and polyester resins. Cumyl hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the manufacturing of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propylene. This technology was commercialized by Sumitomo Chemical.[4] Oxidation of cumene affords Cumyl hydroperoxide C6H5(CH3)2CH + oxidation → C6H5(CH3)2COOH The oxidation by Cumyl hydroperoxide of propylene affords propylene oxide and the byproduct cumyl alcohol. The reaction follows this stoichiometry: CH3CHCH2 + C6H5(CH3)2COOH → CH3CHCH2O + C6H5(CH3)2COH Dehydrating and hydrogenating cumyl alcohol recycles the cumene. Public safety Cumyl hydroperoxide is believed to be one of the chemicals of concern[6] at the Arkema facility in Crosby, Texas in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. Properties Chemical formula C9H12O2 Molar mass 152.193 g·mol−1 Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid Density 1.02 g/cm3 Melting point −9 °C (16 °F; 264 K) Boiling point 153 °C (307 °F; 426 K) Solubility in water 1.5 g/100 mL Vapor pressure 14 mmHg, at 20 °C Application Asymmetric Ketone Hydrogenation Epoxidation reagent for allylic alcohols[2] and fatty acid esters,[3] as an initiator for radical polymerization. Cumyl hydroperoxide is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Flash point 175°F. Boils at 153°C and at 100°C at the reduced pressure of 8 mm Hg. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Readily soluble in alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons. Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Used in production of acetone and phenol, as a polymerization catalyst, in redox systems. Cumyl hydroperoxide penetrates human red blood cells ... reduced by glutathione in the reaction catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase. Cumenol, water, and oxidized gluthathione were products. Enzymatic reduction of Cumyl hydroperoxide leads to the formation of cumenol (2-phenylpropan-2-ol) in vitro. Cumyl hydroperoxide has known human metabolites that include (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxysulfanyl)propan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid. The Cumyl hydroperoxide-hematin system reacts with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide to form the nitroxide 5,5-dimethyl-pyrrolidone-(2)-oxyl-(1) (DMPOX). DMPOX is formed via spin trapping of a cumene hydroperoxyl radical followed by an intramolecular carbanion displacement. Activation of carcinogen n-hydroxy-2-acetyl aminofluorene by Cumyl hydroperoxide-hematin system is most likely mediated by cumene hydroperoxyl radical. Cumyl hydroperoxide oxidized cholesterol to the carcinogen 5,6-epoxide (5,6-alpha-epoxy-5-alpha-cholestan-3-beta-ol). Chemical Properties Cumyl hydroperoxide, an organic peroxide, is a colorless to pale yellow to green liquid. Mild odor. USES Production of acetone and phenol; polymerization catalyst, particularly in redox systems, used for rapid polymerization. Uses Cumyl hydroperoxide is used for the manufactureof acetone and phenols; for studyingthe mechanism of NADPH-dependent lipidperoxidation; and in organic syntheses. Definition ChEBI: A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group. General Description Colorless to light yellow liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Flash point 175°F. Boils at 153°C and at 100°C at the reduced pressure of 8 mm Hg. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Readily soluble in alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons. Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Used in production of acetone and phenol, as a polymerization catalyst, in redox systems. Air & Water Reactions Slightly soluble in water and oxidized in air at approximately 130°C. Reactivity Profile Cumyl hydroperoxide is a strong oxidizing agent. May react explosively upon contact with reducing reagents Violent reaction occurs upon contact with copper, copper alloys, lead alloys, and mineral acids. Contact with charcoal powder gives a strong exothermic reaction. Decomposes explosively with sodium iodide [Chem. Eng. News, 1990, 68(6), 2]. Can be exploded by shock or heat [Sax, 2 ed., 1965, p. 643]. May ignite organic materials. Hazard Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Strong oxidizing agent; may ignite organic materials. Health Hazard Cumyl hydroperoxide is a mild to moderateskin irritant on rabbits. Subcutaneousapplication exhibited a strong delayed reactionwith symptoms of erythema and edema(Floyd and Stockinger 1958). Strong solutionscan irritate the eyes severely, affectingthe cornea and iris. Its toxicity is comparable to that of tertbutylhydroperoxide. The toxic routes areingestion and inhalation. The acute toxicitysymptoms in rats and mice were muscleweakness, shivering, and prostration.Oral administration of 400 mg/kg resulted inexcessive urinary bleeding in rats. LD50 value, oral (rats): 382 mg/kg LD50 value, intraperitoneal (rats): 95 mg/kg Although Cumyl hydroperoxide is toxic,its pretreatment may be effective against thetoxicity of hydrogen peroxide. In humans, itstoxicity is low. Cumyl hydroperoxide is mutagenic andtumorigenic (NIOSH 1986). It may causetumors at the site of application. In mice,skin and blood tumors have been observed.Its cancer-causing effects on humans are notknown. Health Hazard Inhalation of vapor causes headache and burning throat. Liquid causes severe irritation of eyes; on skin, causes burning, throbbing sensation, irritation, and blisters. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Fire Hazard Flammable; highly reactive and oxidizing. Flash point 79°C (174.2°F); vapor density 5.2 (air= 1); autoignition temperature not reported; self-accelerating decomposition temperature 93°C (199.4°F). When exposed to heat or flame, it may ignite and/or explode. A 91–95% concentration of Cumyl hydroperoxide decomposes violently at 150°C (302°F) (NFPA 1986). Duswalt and Hood (1990) reported violent decomposition when this compound mixed accidentally with a 2-propanol solution of sodium iodide. It forms an explosive mixture with air. The explosive concentration range is not reported. Hazardous when mixed with easily oxidizable compounds. Fire-extinguishing agent: water from a sprinkler or fog nozzle from an explosion-resistant location. Potential Exposure Cumyl hydroperoxide is used as polymerization initiator, curing agent for unsaturated polyester resins and cross-linking agent; as an intermediate in the process for making phenol plus acetone from cumene. storage Cumyl hydroperoxide is stored in a cool,dry and well-ventilated area isolated fromother chemicals. It should be protectedagainst physical damage. It may be shippedin wooden boxes with inside glass or earthenwarecontainers or in 55-gallon metal drums. IDENTIFICATION: Cumyl hydroperoxide is a colorless to pale yellow liquid. It is moderately soluble in water. It is a member of a class of chemicals called organic peroxides. It can be formed in small amounts from the breakdown of the naturally occurring compound cumene. USE: Cumyl hydroperoxide is an important commercial chemical used in the production of plastics and to make other chemicals. It is an ingredient in an auto detail product and home maintenance product. EXPOSURE: Workers that use Cumyl hydroperoxide may breathe in vapors or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by vapors from limited use in two consumer products. If Cumyl hydroperoxide is released to the environment, it will be broken down in air. It is expected to be broken down by sunlight. It will not move into air from moist soil and water. It is expected to move slowly through soil. It is not expected to build up in fish. However, organic peroxides such as Cumyl hydroperoxide are very reactive and will explode and burn if not stored properly. RISK: Chemical burns have been reported following direct skin contact to Cumyl hydroperoxide. Allergic skin rashes may occur with repeated, low-dose skin contact. Additional data on the potential for Cumyl hydroperoxide to cause toxic effects in humans are not available. However, several toxic effects associated with exposure to organic peroxides (as a group) have been reported. Splashes directly to the eye can cause severe damage and potential blindness. Stomach pain, burning sensation and shock or collapse have been reported following accidental ingestion of organic peroxides. Sore throat, burning sensation, cough, difficulty breathing and shortness of breath have been reported following inhalation of organic peroxide vapors. A build-up of fluid in the lungs may occur hours after the initial exposure, especially following exertion. Available data in laboratory animals indicate that human exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide will likely cause effects consistent with general organic peroxide exposure (listed above). Additional effects reported in animals exposed to Cumyl hydroperoxide include excitement, convulsions, decreased body weight, and evidence of damage to various organs at lethal doses, particularly the kidney. No data on the potential for Cumyl hydroperoxide to cause infertility, abortion, or birth defects are available. In laboratory animals, skin exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide caused an increase in cancerous skin tumors caused by a known tumor agent (dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene). Exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide alone did not induce skin tumors following direct skin exposure or injection under the skin. The potential for Cumyl hydroperoxide to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens. Cumyl hydroperoxide is obtained by oxidizing cumene with air, usually in a cascade of stirred-tank reactors or bubble columns at temperatures in the range of 100-140 °C and a pressure of 6-7 bar and usually with small amounts of a buffer to prevent acids from building up. Since Cumyl hydroperoxide, as a tertiary alkyl hydroperoxide, is much more stable than ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, the oxidation can be taken to a higher conversion with still reasonable selectivity. Usually the conversion is limited to around 20%, leading to selectivities to Cumyl hydroperoxide in the range of 90-95%. Cumyl hydroperoxide, 80-95%; cumene, 9.6-16.8%; dimethyl phenyl carbinol, 2.9-4.6%; and acetophenone, 0.3-0.8%. Cumyl hydroperoxide is a good candidate for incineration by liquid injection incineration with a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. It is also a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and a residence time of seconds, and fluidized bed incineration, with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and a residence time of seconds. An explosion occurred in our laboratory during the purification of 100 mL of Cumyl hydroperoxide. The explosion was violent enough to completely shatter the ceramic top of a magnetic stir plate. Modifications of the published procedure ("Purification of Laboratory Chemicals," D. D. Perrin, W. L. F. Armarego, and D. R. Perrin, 2nd Ed.) were used and involved washing the sodium salt of the hydroperoxide with toluene rather than benzene and drying the hexane extracts of the Cumyl hydroperoxide over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The magnesium sulfate had been removed by filtration, and the hexane was evaporated under vacuum at ambient temperature when the flask exploded. Most of the hexane appeared to have been removed because the residue in the flask was quite viscous. The Cumyl hydroperoxide was probably present in very high concentration, with little hexane remaining just before the explosion. All other aspects of the procedure were identical to those published in the book cited. The exact cause of the explosion is not known. The only modification of the procedure that could possibly be connected to the explosion is the use of magnesium sulfate. It does not seem likely that substituting toluene for benzene would have any effect. This modified procedure has been used many times by several researchers in our laboratories with no problems; however, the incident serves as a poignant reminder of the sensitive nature of hydroperoxides, even those hydroperoxides known to be thermally quite stable, such as Cumyl hydroperoxide. Cumyl hydroperoxide at 0.2 M concentration in benzene is thermally stable with a half-life of 29 hours at 145 °C. The material, as it is purchased, is often listed as 80% Cumyl hydroperoxide. We know from analysis that the impurities are decomposition products of Cumyl hydroperoxide (alpha- methyl styrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol). Many vendors warn that in the concentrated state, as purchased, Cumyl hydroperoxide should be stored at temperatures below 80 °C. The thermal data on hydroperoxides can be misleading and lull one into a false sense of security. The literature is full of examples showing that cumene, as well as other hydroperoxides, can undergo rapid decomposition at room temperature with a wide range of compounds, even when these compounds are present in trace or catalytic concentrations (acids and metal are examples). If one happens to be purifying a relatively large quantity of the hydroperoxide in a neat or concentrated state, the potential for an uncontrolled reaction and explosion is high. During a purification procedure, there are many opportunities to inadvertently introduce small amounts of materials that may prove to be active catalysts for hydroperoxide decomposition. This can occur even when using well-established purification procedures. We recommend staying with the published procedures and not using active drying agents such as magnesium sulfate. The drying agent could contain traces of unidentified materials that may catalyze decomposition of the hydroperoxide. We also recommend purifying small quantities of Cumyl hydroperoxide (<5 g) and using it immediately. One should also take advantage of all available protective measures. Such measures include keeping the hood clear of any other flammable or potentially dangerous materials during purification. This precaution helps to avoid the possibility of secondary accidents being initiated by the uncontrolled reaction of the hydroperoxide during purification. Safety visor, apron, and heavy gloves should also be worn and explosion-proof shields used. This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Cumyl hydroperoxide is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. An explosion occurred in our laboratory during the purification of 100 mL of Cumyl hydroperoxide. The explosion was violent enough to completely shatter the ceramic top of a magnetic stir plate. Modifications of the published procedure ("Purification of Laboratory Chemicals," D. D. Perrin, W. L. F. Armarego, and D. R. Perrin, 2nd Ed.) were used and involved washing the sodium salt of the hydroperoxide with toluene rather than benzene and drying the hexane extracts of the Cumyl hydroperoxide over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The magnesium sulfate had been removed by filtration, and the hexane was evaporated under vacuum at ambient temperature when the flask exploded. Most of the hexane appeared to have been removed because the residue in the flask was quite viscous. The Cumyl hydroperoxide was probably present in very high concentration, with little hexane remaining just before the explosion. All other aspects of the procedure were identical to those published in the book cited. The exact cause of the explosion is not known. The only modification of the procedure that could possibly be connected to the explosion is the use of magnesium sulfate. It does not seem likely that substituting toluene for benzene would have any effect. This modified procedure has been used many times by several researchers in our laboratories with no problems; however, the incident serves as a poignant reminder of the sensitive nature of hydroperoxides, even those hydroperoxides known to be thermally quite stable, such as Cumyl hydroperoxide. Cumyl hydroperoxide at 0.2 M concentration in benzene is thermally stable with a half-life of 29 hours at 145 °C. The material, as it is purchased, is often listed as 80% Cumyl hydroperoxide. We know from analysis that the impurities are decomposition products of Cumyl hydroperoxide (alpha methyl styrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol). Many vendors warn that in the concentrated state, as purchased, Cumyl hydroperoxide should be stored at temperatures below 80 °C. The thermal data on hydroperoxides can be misleading and lull one into a false sense of security. The literature is full of examples showing that cumene, as well as other hydroperoxides, can undergo rapid decomposition at room temperature with a wide range of compounds, even when these compounds are present in trace or catalytic concentrations (acids and metal are examples). If one happens to be purifying a relatively large quantity of the hydroperoxide in a neat or concentrated state, the potential for an uncontrolled reaction and explosion is high. During a purification procedure, there are many opportunities to inadvertently introduce small amounts of materials that may prove to be active catalysts for hydroperoxide decomposition. This can occur even when using well-established purification procedures. We recommend staying with the published procedures and not using active drying agents such as magnesium sulfate. The drying agent could contain traces of unidentified materials that may catalyze decomposition of the hydroperoxide. We also recommend purifying small quantities of Cumyl hydroperoxide (<5 g) and using it immediately. One should also take advantage of all available protective measures. Such measures include keeping the hood clear of any other flammable or potentially dangerous materials during purification. This precaution helps to avoid the possibility of secondary accidents being initiated by the uncontrolled reaction of the hydroperoxide during purification. Safety visor, apron, and heavy gloves should also be worn and explosion-proof shields used. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to identify new chemopreventive agents which could be useful for man. Myrica nagi, a subtropical shrub, has been shown to possess significant activity against hepatotoxicity and other pharmacological and physiological disorders. We have shown a chemopreventive effect of Myrica nagi on Cumyl hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and toxicity in mice. Cumyl hydroperoxide treatment at a dose level of 30 mg/animal/0.2 mL acetone enhances susceptibility of cutaneous microsomal membrane for iron-ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and induction of xanthine oxidase activity which are accompanied by decrease in the activities of cutaneous antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and depletion in the level of cutaneous glutathione. Parallel to these changes a sharp decrease in the activities of phase II metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase has been observed. Application of Myrica nagi at doses of 2.0 mg and 4.0 mg/kg body weight in acetone prior to that of Cumyl hydroperoxide (30 mg/animal/0.2 mL acetone) treatment resulted in significant inhibition of Cumyl hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Enhanced susceptibility of cutaneous microsomal membrane for lipid peroxidation induced by iron ascorbate and xanthine oxidase activities were significantly reduced (p<0.05). In addition the depleted level of glutathione, the inhibited activities of antioxidants, and phase II metabolizing enzymes were recovered to a significant level (p<0.05). The protective effect of Myrica nagi was dose-dependent. In summary our data suggest that Myrica nagi is an effective chemopreventive agent in skin and capable of ameliorating Cumyl hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and toxicity. Organic peroxides are widely used in the chemical industry as initiators of oxidation for the production of polymers and fiber-reinforced plastics, in the manufacture of polyester resin coatings, and pharmaceuticals. Free radical production is considered to be one of the key factors contributing to skin tumor promotion by organic peroxides. In vitro experiments have demonstrated metal-catalyzed formation of alkoxyl, alkyl, and aryl radicals in keratinocytes incubated with Cumyl hydroperoxide. The present study investigated in vivo free radical generation in lipid extracts of mouse skin exposed to Cumyl hydroperoxide. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique was used to detect the formation of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) radical adducts, following intradermal injection of 180 mg/kg PBN. It was found that 30 min after topical exposure, Cumyl hydroperoxide (12 mmol/kg) induced free radical generation in the skin of female Balb/c mice kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diets. In contrast, hardly discernible radical adducts were detected when Cumyl hydroperoxide was applied to the skin of mice fed a vitamin E-sufficient diet. Importantly, total antioxidant reserve and levels of GSH, ascorbate, and vitamin E decreased 34%, 46.5%. 27%, and 98%, respectively, after mice were kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diet. PBN adducts detected by ESR in vitamin E-deficient mice provide direct evidence for in vivo free radical generation in the skin after exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide. Hemidesmus indicus has been shown to possess significant activity against immunotoxicity and other pharmacological and physiological disorders. In this communication, we have shown the modulating effect of H. indicus on Cumyl hydroperoxide-mediated cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion response in murine skin. Cumyl hydroperoxide treatment (30 mg per animal) increased cutaneous microsomal lipid peroxidation and induction of xanthine oxidase activity which are accompanied by decrease in the activities of cutaneous antioxidant enzymes and depletion in the level of glutathione. Parallel to these changes a sharp decrease in the activities of phase II metabolizing enzymes was observed. Cumyl hydroperoxide treatment also induced the ornithine decarboxylase activity and enhanced the [(3)H]-thymidine uptake in DNA synthesis in murine skin. Application of ethanolic extract of H. indicus at a dose level of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg body weight in acetone prior to that of Cumyl hydroperoxide treatment resulted in significant inhibition of Cumyl hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and enhanced DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Enhanced susceptibility of cutaneous microsomal membrane for lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity were significantly reduced (p<0.01). In addition the depleted level of glutathione, inhibited activities of antioxidants and phase II metabolizing enzymes were recovered to significant level (p<0.05). In summary, our data suggest that H. indicus is an effective chemopreventive agent in skin and capable of ameliorating hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion. USE: Cumene peroxide is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid. It is used in production of acetone and phenol; as polymerization catalyst, particularly in the redox systems, used for rapid polymerization. HUMAN STUDIES: Normal human epidermal keratinocytes undergo profound lipid oxidation with preference for phosphatidylserine followed by phosphatidylserine externalization upon exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide. ANIMAL STUDIES: Application of 1-2 drops of Cumyl hydroperoxide (73%) to rabbit skin (circular area, 2 cm diameter) produced erythema, edema, and vesiculation within 2-3 days. 1 mg applied to the eye of rabbits caused redness of palpebral conjunctiva and chemosis. Skin carcinoma formed in DMBA/cumene peroxide-exposed mice in initiation/promotion study. Mutagenic activity of Cumyl hydroperoxide was observed in the Drosophila melanogaster test. Cumyl hydroperoxide was evaluated for mutagenicity in the Salmonella microsome preincubation assay. Cumyl hydroperoxide was tested in as many as 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Cumyl hydroperoxide was positive in the Ames test with the last positive dose tested 33 ug/plate. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Toxic action of water pollutants was tested by measuring the immobilization of Daphnia magna, strain ircha. The mean effective concentration (EC50) for Cumyl hydroperoxide was less than 10 mg/L. Reactive oxygen species not only modulate important signal transduction pathways, but also induce DNA damage and cytotoxicity in keratinocytes. Hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides are particularly important as these chemicals are widely used in dermally applied cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and also represent endogenous metabolic intermediates. Lipid peroxidation is of fundamental interest in the cellular response to peroxides, as lipids are extremely sensitive to oxidation and lipid-based signaling systems have been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including apoptosis. Oxidation of specific phospholipid classes was measured in normal human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to Cumyl hydroperoxide after metabolic incorporation of the fluorescent oxidation-sensitive fatty acid, cis-parinaric acid, using a fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography assay. In addition, lipid oxidation was correlated with changes in membrane phospholipid asymmetry and other markers of apoptosis. Although Cumyl hydroperoxide produced significant oxidation of cis-parinaric acid in all phospholipid classes, one phospholipid, phosphatidylserine, appeared to be preferentially oxidized above all other species. Using fluorescamine derivatization and annexin V binding, it was observed that specific oxidation of phosphatidylserine was accompanied by phosphatidylserine translocation from the inner to the outer plasma membrane surface where it may serve as a recognition signal for interaction with phagocytic macrophages. These effects occurred much earlier than any detectable changes in other apoptotic markers such as caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, or changes in nuclear morphology. Thus, normal human epidermal keratinocytes undergo profound lipid oxidation with preference for phosphatidylserine followed by phosphatidylserine externalization upon exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide. It is, therefore, likely that normal human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to similar oxidative stress in vivo would undergo phosphatidylserine oxidation/translocation. This would make them targets for macrophage recognition and phagocytosis, and thus limit their potential to invoke inflammation or give rise to neoplastic transformations. Acute Exposure/ Rats (n=2) exposed to 50 ppm of Cumyl hydroperoxide for three 4-hr periods experienced incoordination, tremor, and /CNS depression/. One died. Autopsy (histological) indicated congested lung and kidneys. Rats (n=6) exposed to 31.5 ppm of Cumyl hydroperoxide for seven 5-hr periods exhibited salivation, respiratory difficulty, tremors, and hyperemia of ears and tail. Histological examination indicated emphysema and thickening of alveolar walls. Rats (n=6) exposed to 16 ppm of Cumyl hydroperoxide for twelve 4.5-hr periods experienced salivation, and nose irritation while autopsy indicated organs to be normal. Subchronic toxicity was evaluated in groups of 20 Fischer 344 rats (10 males and 10 females) exposed daily for 6 hours to 1, 6, 31, or 124 mg/cu m Cumyl hydroperoxide, 5 days a week for 3 months. Exposure at 124 mg/m3 was terminated after 5 days due to excessive toxicity; mortality was observed in 6/10 male, and 3/10 female rats at 12 days at which time the surviving animals were sacrificed. Clinical observations of animals in the 124 mg/cu m dose group at 12 days included eye and nose irritation, breathing difficulties, and decreased body weights. Pathological observations attributed to the effect of the test article in animals that died or were sacrificed in the 124 mg/cu m dose group included ulceration and inflammation of the cornea, nasal turbinates and lining of the stomach; while observations of thymic atrophy, depletion of lymphoid tissue in the germinal centers of some lymph nodes and the spleen, decreased lipid content of the liver, and decreased circulating white blood cells, were attributed to stress. Hematological observations in the 124 mg/cu m dose group included a generalized decrease in PCV, RBC and WBC count and a decrease in hemoglobin levels. Cumyl hydroperoxide did not induce biologically significant changes in clinical, pathological, hematological, and biochemical parameters, or in urinalysis values, when administered at concentrations of 1, 6, or 31 mg/cu m in the animals maintained on exposure for the full 90 days. Cumyl hydroperoxide's production and use in the manufacture of acetone, phenol, and alpha-methylsytrene, as a polymerization catalyst, and as a polyester resin crosslinking agent, may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Small quantities might be formed in the atmosphere and natural waters from cumene. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.27X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Cumyl hydroperoxide will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Cumyl hydroperoxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 45 hours. If released to soil, Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Cumyl hydroperoxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process. Hydroperoxides react with a variety of compounds and are degraded readily to the corresponding alcohols. If released into water, is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 12 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Cumyl hydroperoxide is produced or used. Cumyl hydroperoxide's production and use in the manufacture of acetone, phenol, and alpha-methylsytrene(1), as a polymerization catalyst(2), and as a polyester resin crosslinking agent(3), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Cumyl hydroperoxide from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.27X10-3 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 13,900 mg/L(4). Cumyl hydroperoxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) b
CUTINA STE
CUTINA STE Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.
CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a natural thickener extracted from the guar plant.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, more commonly known as cluster beans, is an annual legume native of Asia.


CAS Number: 9000-30-0
EC Number: 232-536-8
Chem/IUPAC Name: Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum is a resinous material derived from the ground endosperm of the Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L., Leguminosae



SYNONYMS:
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Guar), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Guar) gum, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba gum, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Guar) gum), Cyamopsis tetragonolubus (Guar), Cyamopsis tetragonolubus (Guar) gum, Cyamopsis tetragonolubus gum, Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) gum, Guar gum, Guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), guaran, guar bean, Cyamopsis psoraloides, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, Dietary Fiber, Dolichos psoraloides, Farine de Guar, Fibre Alimentaire, Goma Guar, Gomme de Guar, Gomme de Jaguar, Guar Flour, Indian Guar Plant, Jaguar Gum, Psoralea tetragonoloba, Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum, Guar Gum, Dilip Gum, Guaran, 9000-30-0, 232-536-8, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA (GUAR) GUM, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA [WHO-DD], CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM [WHO-DD], CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS, E-412, FEMA NO. 2537, GUAR FLOUR, GUAR GUM [FCC], GUAR GUM [FHFI], GUAR GUM [HSDB], GUAR GUM [II], GUAR GUM [MART.], GUAR GUM [MI], GUAR GUM [VANDF], GUARAN, GUARAN [MI], GUM-CYAMOPSIS, INS NO. 412, INS-412, INDALCA AG-BV, INDALCA AG-HV, LYCOID DR, GUAR GUM (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS (L.)), GUM, CYANOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA, GUAR GUM, GUAR (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA) GUM, CYANOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM, GUAR GUM; GUAR GUM (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS); SOLVENT PURIFIED GUAR GUM, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, Cyamopsis psoraloides, Dolichos psoraloides, Psoralea tetragonoloba



Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is derived from the seeds of the guar plant.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, more commonly known as cluster beans, is an annual legume native of Asia.
The resinous material made out of guar bean is called guar gum.


One of its main component, galactomannan polysaccharide, is sort of polymer and the main ingredient responsible for its properties.
However, hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride, another component, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is also frequently used in cosmetic products.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a resinous material derived from the groundendosperm of Cyanopsis tetragonoloba.


A plant-derived (coming from the seeds of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, aka Guar) big, branched sugar molecule that is used as a gelling agent.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is yellowish-white guar gum, obtained from the seeds of the guar plant, contains long-chain sugars.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a resin-like material derived from the ground endosperm of the Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L., Leguminosae.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a natural thickener extracted from the guar plant.
This natural thickener, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, has broad compatibilities and a smooth sensory profile suitable for all applications.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum allows you to formulate in a wide range of pH, in combination with cationic ingredients and cold-process formulations.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is the ideal thickener for formulas with sustainability claims.
Furthermore, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum shows excellent synergies with other hydrocolloids i.e. xanthan gum to deliver high-viscosity solutions even at low concentration.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum (also called Guar Gum) is a resinous material made from the guar bean.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a type of polysaccharide called galactomannan made from legume plants that consists of a polymannose backbone to which galactose groups are bound.


Derivatives of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum that also may be used in cosmetics and personal care products include Hydroxypropyl Guar, Guar Hydroxpropyltrimonium Chloride and Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride.
The yellowish-white Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, which is derived from the seeds of the guar plant contains long-chain sugars.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a legume with a nitrogen-fixing capability due to its symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a polysaccharide from the Indian cluster bean (Cyanopsis tetragonoloba), a polymer of galactose and mannose.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is an upright plant that grows up to 3 m in height.


The leaves and stems are mostly hairy.
The leaves are elongated, oval shaped, and of alternate position.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is often consumed as a vegetable.


The seed is the source of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum which is used as a stabilizer and thickener in various food and food products.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is also eaten when cooked and possesses medicinal values.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum stabilizes blood sugar level, a laxative, and a digestive tonic.


The plant is very drought resistant when established.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is soluble in water.
When adding guar gum to a mixture, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is best to add small quantities at a time.


Be sure to stir Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum for a while after each addition.
If the Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is added too quickly or in large quantities, it will be fruilt -in or agglutine together.
Do not use if your formula contains borax or calcium.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum has several advantages, mainly when used in gluten -free cuisine, but in too much quantity it may have certain drawbacks.


Again, due to its high fiber content, too much Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can cause digestive disorders in sensitive people.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a food additive (E412) widely used in the food industry.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, also known as guar gum, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba gum or designated by the code E412, is a polysaccharide derived from the seeds of the Cyamopsis tetragonoloba plant.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a species of aubergine-shaped plant native to India and Pakistan, but nowadays it is also successfully cultivated in other areas, thriving in Australia and the USA, for example.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is an erect, herbaceous annual to perennial plant growing up to 300cm tall, though cultivated forms are more commonly 20 - 100cm tall.


The plant is the source of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, obtained from the seeds and used extensively in the food industry, commercially and medicinally.
The plant is also a local source of food.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is often cultivated in India and southeastern Asia for its seeds and seedpods, which are also used as a food.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
The resinous material made out of guar bean is called guar gum.
One of its main component, galactomannan polysaccharide, is sort of polymer and the main ingredient responsible for its properties.
However, hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride, another component, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is also frequently used in cosmetic products.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is mainly used as a vegetable in different Asian cousins.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used as an emulsion stabilizer, viscosity controller and film forming agent.
In aqueous solutions, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used as an emulsifier or thickening agent.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, also known as guar gum, is a natural thickener and stabiliser that can be used in toothpaste tablets.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a domesticated legume crop, with most of of the world's production in India.
Cultivated plants grow to around one metre tall, with hairy stems and leaves.


The leaves, seed pods and seeds are all known to be edible, and are often cooked in curries.
Harvested seeds or 'guar beans' are dehusked, roasted, hydrated and ground to produce guar gum.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is composed of sugars that make it a cold-soluble thickening agent.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used to thicken many foods and personal care products, and is a more efficient alternative to locust bean gum, which requires greater amounts to achieve the same level of viscosity.
In toothpaste tablets, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum helps to create a smooth texture and improve the stability of the toothpaste.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum also acts as a binding agent, helping to hold the tablet together and prevent it from crumbling or breaking.
In liquid solutions, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used as a thickening agent or as an emulsifier. (from essential oils)
Among these guar ingredients, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is most frequently used in cosmetic products.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum may be used in bath products, hair conditioners, hair dyes, other hair care products and skin care products.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum and the other guar derivatives may also be used in bath products, hair care products, shaving preparations and skin care products.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is mainly used as agglutinating, thickening and stabilizing in food thanks to its uniform texture and properties to form gels.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can be used in sauces, ice creams and sorbets, bakery and pastry products, powders, etc.
Thanks to Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum's uniform texture and its properties to form gels.


In particular, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum allows certain preparations to be reduced by replacing the role of starch, sugars or fat.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum should be used in moderation.
Ideal for the manufacture of shampoos, revitalizing, lotions, creams, shower gels, soups, sauces, cakes, bread muffins.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is efficient hot and cold.
This capacity to hydrate without heating makes Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum very useful in many industrial applications.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum has a good synergy with xanthan gum, but does not form a gel with the carraghénanes.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is an emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer extracted from the seed of an annual leguminous plant.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum acts as a thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer in cosmetic formulations.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can form a "free breathing" film on hair and skin, that prevents water loss.


As a conditioner, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum will make skin smooth and soft.
Plant-derived thickening agent often used in products that are attempting to be (or are) mostly natural.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used in crop rotation to replenish the soil.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is well known and widely used due to its specific properties, which are very valuable for many industries.
The natural nature and irreplaceable properties of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum have led to its widespread use in various industries.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is most commonly found in the food industry, where it is used as a stabiliser, emulsifier and thickener.


Thus, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum finds applications such as in ice creams, cheeses, salad dressings, soups in hair and skin-friendly shampoos and other cosmetic products.
Compatible also uses the consistency and viscosity of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum in the textile industry and papermaking.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is also used extensively in the mining industry, where it is a component of mining solutions in fracking.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is able to reduce the coefficient of friction of the liquid, thus allowing the mining solution to penetrate more easily into the bedrock.



USE AND BENEFITS OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is very popular as a thickening agent in food preparation, but it is also used as an antistatic agent, having a polysaccharide structure, it can be understood there are many -OH- and H+ groups to donate.
Thus, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can nullify any static produced due to weather or any other reason.

Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum forms a film over skin or hair surface and saves moisture loss, which is a primary reason for skin damage.
This way, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum conditions the skin and hair, by not letting moisture to escape.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum also stabilizes emulsions with a similar principle of having many different ion donors and receivers.

Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum also imparts viscosity to any product so it is used as a viscosity adjuster so that the product can look uniform and stability is also not compromised.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used in bath products, hair care products, shaving creams, skin care products.



WHAT DOES CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Binding
*Emulsion stabilising
*Film forming
*Masking
*Viscosity controlling



FUNCTIONS OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
BINDING
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum ensures the cohesion of powdered products

EMULSION STABILISING
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum supports emulsion formation and improves product stability

FILM FORMING
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum produces a continuous film on skin, hair and / or nails

FRAGRANCE
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum enhances the smell of a product and / or perfumes the skin

VISCOSITY CONTROLLING
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetic products



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF
Galactomannan polysaccharides, including Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, are derived from plants of the bean (also called the Legume family).
These plants make galactomannan polysaccharides as a source of energy to support the growth of the embryo within the seed.

In addition to being used in cosmetics and personal care products, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is commonly used as a thickener in foods such as salad dressings, ice cream and soups.
Hydroxypropyl Guar is also used in artificial tear solutions.



WHY IS CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM USED?
The following functions have been reported for Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum and the compounds made from Guar Gum:

*Antistatic agents
– Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Binders
– Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, Hydroxypropyl Guar Emulsion stabilizers
– Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, Hydroxypropyl Guar Film formers
– Hydroxypropyl Guar Hair conditioning agents
– Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Skin-conditioning agents
– miscellaneous – Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Viscosit increasing agents
– aqueous – Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum, Hydroxypropyl Guar, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride



PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba is an evergreen Perennial growing to 2 m (6ft) by 1 m (3ft 3in) at a fast rate.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is hardy to UK zone 10 and is frost tender.

Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can fix Nitrogen.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil.

Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid, very alkaline and saline soils.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum cannot grow in the shade.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.



FUNCTIONS OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
*Binding agent :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum allows the cohesion of different cosmetic ingredients

*Emulsion stabilising :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion

*Film forming :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum produces a continuous film on skin, hair or nails

*Masking :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product

*Viscosity controlling :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics



PROPERTIES OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
*thickening,
*binding,
*promotes viscosity,
*foam and volume



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
CAS Number: 9000-30-0
Chem/IUPAC Name: Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum is a resinous material derived
from the ground endosperm of the Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L., Leguminosae
EINECS/ELINCS No: 232-536-8
INCI Name: Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum
Ingredient origins: Guar Bean
Role: Thickener
Common name: Guar Gum
Origin(s): Vegetal
Other languages: Goma de guar, Gomma di Guar, Gomme de Guar, Guarkernmehl
INCI name: CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM
EINECS/ELINCS number: 232-536-8
Food additive: E412
Organic-compatible (COSMOS Reference)



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


Cyanuric Chloride
Mix(Copper chloride, copper oxide hydrate); Dicopper chloride trihydroxide; Cupric oxide chloride; Copper(II) oxychloride; Copper oxychloride; Vitigran blue; Dikupferchloridtrihydroxid; Kupferoxychlorid(German); Trihidroxicloruro de dicobre (Spanish); Trihydroxychlorure de dicuivre; Oxychlorue de cuivre (French); Tribasic copper chloride; Copper chloroxide; Copper(II) chloride hydroxide; Viricuivre; Vitigran; Cupric oxide chloride cas no : 1332-40-7
CYCLAMATE

Cyclamate is a synthetic chemical compound used as a non-nutritive sweetener.
Cyclamate is commonly known as sodium cyclamate or calcium cyclamate.

CAS Number: 139-05-9
EC Number: 205-348-9

Synonyms: Cyclamic acid, Cyclohexanesulfamic acid, Sodium cyclamate, Calcium cyclamate, Cyclamates, Sodium salt of cyclamic acid, Calcium salt of cyclamic acid, E952, Sweet'N Low, Sucaryl, Cyclamate sodium, Cyclamate calcium, Sodium N-cyclohexylsulfamate, Calcium N-cyclohexylsulfamate, Cyclohexylsulfamic acid, N-cyclohexylsulfamic acid, Cyclamate of soda, Cyclamate of calcium, Cyclamic acid sodium salt, Cyclamic acid calcium salt, C7H13NO3S, Cyclamate de sodium, Cyclamate de calcium, Cyclamate acide, Cyclamate de soude, Cyclamate de calcium, Cyclamate de sodium, Cyclamate de sodium, Cyclamate de calcium, Cyclamate d'acide, Cyclamate d'acide, Cyclamate de soude, Cyclamate de calcium, Cyclamates, Cyclamates, Cyclohexanesulfamic acid, Cyclohexanesulfamic acid, Sodium cyclamate, Sodium cyclamate, Calcium cyclamate, Calcium cyclamate, Cyclamates, Cyclamates, Sodium salt of cyclamic acid, Sodium salt of cyclamic acid, Calcium salt of cyclamic acid, Calcium salt of cyclamic acid, E952, E952, Sweet'N Low, Sweet'N Low, Sucaryl



APPLICATIONS


Cyclamate is commonly used as a sugar substitute in a variety of food and beverage products.
Cyclamate is often found in soft drinks, providing sweetness without the calories of sugar.
Cyclamate is used in powdered drink mixes to create low-calorie alternatives to sugary beverages.

Many sugar-free chewing gums contain cyclamate as a sweetening agent.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free desserts, such as gelatin and pudding mixes, to provide sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in dairy products like yogurt and flavored milk to enhance sweetness.
Cyclamate is used in tabletop sweeteners, providing a calorie-free option for sweetening coffee and tea.
Cyclamate is used in pharmaceuticals, including chewable tablets and syrups, to improve palatability.

Cyclamate is used in oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash to provide sweetness without promoting tooth decay.
Cyclamate is used in vitamin and supplement formulations to improve taste and palatability.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free baked goods like cookies and cakes to reduce calorie content while maintaining sweetness.

Many sugar-free candies and confections contain cyclamate as a sweetening agent.
Cyclamate is used in sports and energy drinks to provide sweetness without adding extra calories.
Cyclamate is used in flavored water beverages to enhance taste without adding sugar.

Cyclamate is added to fruit-flavored syrups and toppings to provide sweetness without added sugars.
Many sugar-free syrups used in coffee shops and cafes contain cyclamate as a sweetener.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie fruit juices and juice blends to reduce overall sugar content.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free jams and preserves to provide sweetness without added sugars.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie salad dressings and condiments to reduce sugar content.
Many sugar-free snack bars and granola bars contain cyclamate as a sweetening agent.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie frozen desserts like ice cream and frozen yogurt.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free baking mixes for cookies, brownies, and muffins.
Cyclamate is used in low-calorie fruit spreads and marmalades to reduce sugar content.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie sauces and marinades to provide sweetness without adding extra calories.
Cyclamate is a versatile sweetener used in a wide variety of sugar-free and low-calorie products to provide sweetness without the added calories of traditional sugar.

Cyclamate is commonly used in the production of sugar-free and low-calorie carbonated beverages.
Cyclamate is used in flavored water enhancers to provide sweetness without adding calories.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free ice pops and frozen treats for sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie fruit-flavored gelatin desserts and snacks.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free whipped toppings and dessert toppings for a sweet flavor.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free pudding mixes and dessert mixes for sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie fruit-flavored syrup concentrates for beverages.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free flavor syrups for coffee and specialty drinks.

Cyclamate is added to sugar-free breakfast cereals and oatmeal packets for sweetness.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free pancake syrups and maple-flavored toppings.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free barbecue sauces and marinades for a sweet flavor.

Cyclamate is used in sugar-free salad dressings and vinaigrettes for sweetness.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free ketchup and condiments for flavor enhancement.

Cyclamate is used in sugar-free flavored vinegar for salads and marinades.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free protein powders and meal replacement shakes for sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in sugar-free cough drops and throat lozenges for flavor.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free vitamins and supplements for palatability.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free breath mints and fresheners for flavor.

Cyclamate is added to sugar-free chewing gum for sweetness.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free hard candies and mints for a sweet taste.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free dietary supplements and nutrition bars.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free flavored gelatin for sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in sugar-free flavored toothpaste for taste enhancement.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free dessert syrups for drizzling over cakes and pastries.
Cyclamate plays a crucial role in the formulation of sugar-free and low-calorie products, providing sweetness without the caloric content of traditional sugar, and catering to consumer demands for healthier alternatives.

Cyclamate is heat-stable, making it suitable for use in cooking and baking applications.
Cyclamate is used in a wide range of products, including soft drinks, desserts, candies, and canned fruits.
Cyclamate provides sweetness without contributing significant calories to the diet, making it popular in low-calorie and sugar-free formulations.

Cyclamate is often preferred by individuals looking to reduce their sugar intake while still enjoying sweet-tasting foods and beverages.
Despite its intense sweetness, cyclamate does not promote tooth decay and is considered tooth-friendly.
Cyclamate has a long shelf life and remains stable under a variety of storage conditions.

Cyclamate is compatible with a wide range of food ingredients and additives, allowing for versatile use in food formulations.
Cyclamate is regulated as a food additive in many countries, with established maximum levels of use in various food categories.
Cyclamate has been the subject of extensive research regarding its safety for human consumption.

Although cyclamate is permitted for use in many countries, regulatory restrictions exist in some regions due to safety concerns.
Cyclamate is metabolized by the body into cyclohexylamine, which is excreted primarily in urine.

Concerns about potential health risks, including a possible link to bladder cancer, have led to regulatory scrutiny and bans in certain jurisdictions.
Research on the safety of cyclamate consumption continues to be conducted to evaluate its potential health effects.

Cyclamate is recognized for its ability to enhance sweetness in food and beverage products while providing a low-calorie alternative to sugar.
Cyclamate is valued for its cost-effectiveness and stability, making it a popular choice for food manufacturers.

Cyclamate is an important ingredient in the formulation of sugar-free and reduced-calorie products, catering to consumer preferences for healthier options.
Cyclamate plays a significant role in the food industry as a versatile sweetening agent, offering sweetness without the calories of traditional sugar.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclamate is a synthetic chemical compound used as a non-nutritive sweetener.
Cyclamate is commonly known as sodium cyclamate or calcium cyclamate.

Chemically, cyclamate is the sodium or calcium salt of cyclamic acid.
Cyclamate is approximately 30 to 50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar) but contributes no calories to the diet because it is not metabolized by the body.

Cyclamate was discovered in 1937 by Michael Sveda, a graduate student at the University of Illinois, and it gained popularity as a sweetening agent in the mid-20th century due to its low cost and intense sweetness.
However, its use as a food additive has been subject to controversy and regulatory restrictions in some countries due to concerns about its safety.

In the United States, cyclamate was banned as a food additive by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1969 based on studies suggesting a potential link to bladder cancer in laboratory rats.
However, subsequent research has questioned the validity of these findings, and cyclamate is permitted for use in many other countries, including Canada, the European Union, and Australia, with regulatory limits on its acceptable daily intake.

Cyclamate is often used in combination with other sweeteners, such as saccharin or aspartame, to enhance sweetness and mask any potential aftertaste.
Cyclamate is commonly found in a variety of products, including soft drinks, tabletop sweeteners, desserts, and canned fruits.
Despite its regulatory status varying from country to country, cyclamate continues to be used as a sweetening agent in many parts of the world.

Cyclamate is a synthetic sweetening agent widely used in the food and beverage industry.
Cyclamate is derived from cyclamic acid, a compound with a cyclohexanesulfamic acid structure.

Cyclamate is known for its intense sweetness, being approximately 30 to 50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).
The taste of cyclamate is often described as clean and sugar-like, without any noticeable aftertaste.
Cyclamate is available in various forms, including sodium cyclamate and calcium cyclamate.

Cyclamate is highly soluble in water, allowing for easy incorporation into liquid formulations.
Cyclamate is commonly used as a tabletop sweetener, often found in packets or liquid drops.
Cyclamate is frequently combined with other sweeteners to enhance sweetness and improve flavor profiles.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Cyclamate is typically a white, crystalline powder or granules.
Odor: Cyclamate is generally odorless.
Taste: Cyclamate has an intensely sweet taste, approximately 30 to 50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).
Solubility: Cyclamate is highly soluble in water.
Melting Point: The melting point of cyclamate varies depending on its form and purity but typically ranges from approximately 250 to 300°C (482 to 572°F).
Boiling Point: Cyclamate decomposes before reaching a boiling point.
Density: The density of cyclamate can vary, but it is generally around 1.5 to 2.0 g/cm³.
Particle Size: Cyclamate is commonly available in fine powder or granular form.
Hygroscopicity: Cyclamate may exhibit some degree of hygroscopicity, absorbing moisture from the surrounding environment.
Color: Cyclamate is typically white or off-white in color.
Crystal Structure: Cyclamate crystals may have a monoclinic or orthorhombic lattice structure.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: The chemical formula of cyclamate varies depending on its form (sodium, calcium, etc.), but it is typically represented as C6H12NNaO3S or C6H12NCaO3S.
Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of cyclamate depends on its form and purity, typically ranging from approximately 177 to 214 g/mol.
Chemical Structure: Cyclamate is derived from cyclohexylsulfamic acid and is often found in the form of its sodium or calcium salt.
pKa Values: The pKa value of cyclamate can vary, but it typically ranges from approximately 1.7 to 2.3.
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Cyclamate is generally insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.
Stability: Cyclamate is stable under normal storage conditions but may degrade under prolonged exposure to heat, light, or acidic conditions.
Hydrolysis: Cyclamate is susceptible to hydrolysis under acidic or alkaline conditions, leading to degradation into its constituent molecules.
Optical Activity: Cyclamate is optically inactive.




FIRST AID


Inhalation Exposure:
Symptoms:
Inhalation of cyclamate powder or aerosols may cause irritation to the respiratory tract, including coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.

Immediate Actions:
Remove the affected person to fresh air immediately, away from the source of exposure.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and assist ventilation if necessary.
Seek medical attention promptly, especially if symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Symptoms:
Direct contact with cyclamate powder or solutions may cause mild irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Immediate Actions:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with mild soap and water.
Rinse skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes to ensure complete removal of the chemical.
If irritation persists or develops, seek medical attention for further evaluation and treatment.


Eye Contact:

Symptoms:
Contact with cyclamate powder or solutions may cause irritation, redness, tearing, or blurred vision.

Immediate Actions:
Flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention for further evaluation and treatment, even if symptoms appear mild.


Ingestion:

Symptoms:
Ingestion of cyclamate powder or solutions is unlikely to cause significant adverse effects.

Immediate Actions:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and encourage the affected person to drink water or milk to dilute any residual chemical.
Seek medical advice or assistance if large amounts are ingested or if symptoms of discomfort develop.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling cyclamate to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if working with cyclamate in powdered form and in poorly ventilated areas.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. In case of contact, follow first aid procedures outlined in the safety data sheet (SDS).

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to minimize inhalation exposure to cyclamate dust or aerosols.
Use local exhaust ventilation systems or fume hoods when handling powdered cyclamate to control airborne dust levels.
Avoid generating aerosols or dust clouds by using handling and transfer methods that minimize the release of particles into the air.

Handling Precautions:
Handle cyclamate with care to prevent spills or releases. Use suitable tools and equipment, such as scoops or spatulas, to transfer the material.
Avoid generating static electricity, which can cause dust accumulation and increase the risk of ignition. Ground equipment and containers as necessary.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling cyclamate, and wash hands thoroughly after handling to prevent inadvertent ingestion.

Storage:
Store cyclamate products in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat, ignition, and direct sunlight.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.
Store cyclamate away from incompatible substances, such as strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reactive metals, to prevent chemical reactions.
Ensure storage facilities are equipped with spill containment measures, such as spill trays or bunds, to contain spills and prevent environmental contamination.


Storage:

Temperature and Humidity:
Maintain storage temperatures within recommended ranges to prevent degradation or alteration of cyclamate properties.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures or humidity, which may affect the stability and quality of the material.

Container Handling:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass, for storing cyclamate.
Check containers for signs of damage or leaks before storing and handle with care to prevent spills or accidents.
Label all containers with the chemical name, concentration, hazard warnings, and handling precautions to ensure proper identification and handling.

Segregation:
Store cyclamate away from food, feed, and beverages to prevent accidental contamination.
Segregate cyclamate from incompatible substances to prevent cross-contamination and chemical reactions.

Inventory Management:
Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory system to ensure older stocks are used before newer ones.
Keep accurate records of inventory levels, including dates of receipt and usage, to prevent overstocking or shortages.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas containing cyclamate to authorized personnel only.
Implement security measures, such as locked cabinets or access controls, to prevent unauthorized access or theft.

Emergency Preparedness:
Develop and maintain emergency response plans for handling spills, leaks, or accidents involving cyclamate.
Ensure personnel are trained on emergency procedures and have access to emergency response equipment, such as spill kits and personal protective gear.
CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES)
CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES) = CYCLIC METHYLSILOXANES D4, D5, D6


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes): Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6)
CAS NUMBER(S): 556-67-2, 541-02-6, 540-97-6
EC NUMBER(S): 209-136-7, 208-764-9, 208-762-8


The term “silicone” may also be used to refer to Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are the usual products of hydrolysis of difunctional silanes.
The relative proportions of the oligomers formed depend upon the substituents and conditions employed.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) polymerise on heating, particularly in the presence of a catalyst, but this process can be reversed at higher temperature if no cross-linking has occurred.


In the Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes), the silicon-oxygen atoms are singly bonded and form a ring.
Some widely used cyclosiloxanes are: hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) occur in environmental media, especially in sewage sludge.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are Basic members of the broad family of silicone materials, all cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are volatile oils with a cyclic chemical structure and various properties.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) belong to the family of silicone materials.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are formed by repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, which gives them a cyclic structure.


The three main Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) used in the manufacture of materials are cyclosiloxanes D4,D5,D6.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) includes several categories of substances: hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3); octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4); decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5); dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6); dodecamethylcycloheptasiloxane (D7).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) D4 and D7 have been classified as endocrine disruptors by the European Union.


Concerning Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) d3, d5 and d6, the regulatory authorities consider them safe for consumers.
The monitoring of the scientific advances relating to the use of Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) and their impact on human and environmental health is an important issue for the cosmetics industry.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be analysed by gas chromatography (GC-MS), due to their volatile properties.


As an organic compound, Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is also possible to determine their structure by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) are cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cVMS) substances with four, five and six siloxane groups, respectively.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are manufactured and used in a variety of sectors in the European Economic Area.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are mainly used as monomers for the production of silicone polymers but are also used as substance on their own or in the formulation of various mixtures that are subsequently used by consumers and professionals.
The silicone polymers are not specifically targeted by this restriction proposal but they may be inadvertently impacted if they are also found in the same mixtures as the intentionally used substances, or if they are the main component(s) of mixtures covered by the scope of the restriction.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) may be impurities in silicone polymers.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are chemicals with a backbone structure of silicon and oxygen atoms, alternating in occurrence, and have hydrocarbon groups atiached to the silicon side chain.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) contain single siliconoxygen bonds which from the ring.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are named a er the number of silicon-oxygen “groups” they consist of; hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane is called D3, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane is called D4, etc.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials.
All silicone materials share a common chemistry but each substance is different when it comes to its properties and use.


A common denominator for Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is that they contain repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a “cyclic” structure.
This also gives Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) their unique properties as hybrid inorganic-organic substances.
D4, D5 and D6 contain 4, 5 and 6 repeating units respectively.


They are three main Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) in commercial production and several decades of research has proven that they are safe for human health and the environment.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are widely used because of the smooth and refreshing feeling they create.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used as precursors in the production of polymers (polydimethylsiloxane).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) contain some residual monomers and are used in industrial and consumer applications, in topical pharmaceutical formulations and in breast implants.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in the manufacture of silicones, in combination or alone in personal care products, and as carriers, lubricants and solvents in a variety of commercial applications.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are widely used in various dermatological products and cosmetics, both for children and adults.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and semiconductors.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in the following areas: health services and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is found or used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a silicone-based emollient.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used as fragrance carriers or solvents in household products, personal care products, cleaning agents and as precursors in the manufacture of silicone polymers.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is Used in dermal exposure
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used as a monomer in the production of silicone polymers and as an intermediate in the production of other organosilicon substances.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) finds its application in electronics, textiles, personal care products and household care products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a cyclic organic silicon substance which can be used as monomer in the production of silicone polymers such as rubber, resins and greases.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be used in the manufacture of silicone based polymers for use in medical devices and personal care products.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used to prepare silicone oil, silicone rubber and silicone resin having different degrees of polymerization through ring opening and polymerizing.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is also widely used in various fields viz. construction, electronics, textile, automobile, personal care, food, and machining.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an organometallic reagent utilized for the preparation of siloxane polymers having high surface-hydrophobicity restoration.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an odourless, colourless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production of silicone rubbers, gels and resins.


When used as an intermediate during the manufacturing process, virtually all Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is consumed with only a tiny amount remaining in final products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) widely used in cosmetics and body care products, Such as skin care, sunscreen,makeup, hair conditioning products, good compatibility with most of the alcohol and other cosmetic solvents.


Be directly used as the carrier, the main raw material, also can be used as an additive; and be used in aqueous systems by the method of Emulsification.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also have a minor use as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production of silicone rubbers, gels and resins.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be added as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also be used as a dry-cleaning solvent in closed systems, which significantly limits exposure to workers, consumers and the environment.
In dry cleaning, Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) acts as a solvent and is an alternative to perchlorethylene.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an industrial product used in many applications, primarly in cosmetic products and polymers.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a cyclic organic silicon substance which can be used as monomer in the production of silicone polymers such as rubber, resins and greases.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used as a monomer in the production of silicone polymers and as an intermediate in the production of other organosilicon substances.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) inds its application in electronics, textiles, personal care products and household care products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is widely used in cosmetics.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used to make methyl silicon oils, silicone fluids, and elastomers
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in a variety of consumer products, e.g., skin care products, antiperspirants, antacids, and antiflatulence agents


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading and lubrication properties and unique volatility characteristics.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be used in bath oils, deodorants, skin creams, lotions, suntan and shaving products, nail polishes.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a basic raw material of silicone oil (modified silicone oil),silicone emulsion,silicone rubber ,silicone resin and other silicone products, and can also be directly used as rubber filler treatment agents or raw material for cosmetics.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used by consumers in cosmetics and personal care products, washing and cleaning products, polishes and waxes.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be added as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and sunscreen.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also be used as a dry-cleaning solvent in closed systems, which significantly limits exposure to workers, consumers and the environment.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in dry cleaning and in industrial cleaning as an alternative to tetrachloroethylene.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a cyclic siloxane used in the formulation of consumer products as well as an industrial intermediate.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a precursor in the production of siloxane polymers for industry and medicine and is a carrier ingredient in many toiletries and cosmetics.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is found or used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products.


The predominant use of Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is in blending and formulating consumer products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is also used in manufacturing silicone polymers.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants and deodorants.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in biomedical applications and have also been approved as active and non-active ingredients in pharmaceuticals in Canada.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in industrial processes (for example, as surfactants in certain pesticide products and as defoamers), in lubricants, cleaning products, sealants, adhesives, waxes, polishes and coatings.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is commonly used as volatile excipient in cosmetic products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is widely used in cosmetic products due to D5 siloxane's unique functions as antistatic, emollient, humectant, solvent, viscosity controlling and hair conditioning agent.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is largely used in many cosmetic products due to: low surface tension which allows it to spread rapidly on skin and hair.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can have many different functions in cosmetic products including antistatic, emollient, humectant, solvent, viscosity controlling and hair conditioning.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in cosmetic and personal care products.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants and deodorants.
Biomedical uses of Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) include medical devices, blood-handling equipment, as a blood defoaming agent, as protective barriers, lubricants and as surface treatment of wound dressings.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) fluids containing D6 Siloxane have also been approved as active and non-active ingredients in pharmaceuticals in Canada, the most common use being in anti-flatulence drugs.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is also used in industrial processes (as a defoamer, surfactant in certain pesticide products); in lubricants, cleaning products, sealants, adhesives, waxes, polishes and coatings.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are manmade and have many commercial and industrial applications because of the compounds’ hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity, and high flexibility.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production silicone rubbers, gels and resins.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.
In personal care products, Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) act as “carriers”, allowing products to spread smoothly and easily and providing a silky feel during application.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production silicone rubbers, gels and resins.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in the manufacturing of silicones, in combination or alone in personal care products, and as carriers, lubricants and solvents in a variety of commercial applications.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are of interest due to their extensive use and the fact that certain siloxanes are persistent in the environment, resisting oxidation, reduction, and photodegradation.


Recently, the use of Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) in cosmetics and personal care products has received increased atiention.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) was the main ingredient in personal care products giving benefits like silkiness in conditioners, a non-greasy feel from skin creams, and ease of application of deodorants.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.



OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE = OCTAMETHYLTETRASILOXANE = D4
Molecular formula: (CH3)8Si4O4 / C8H24O4Si4
The octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane silicone liquid has no odor and consists of four repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop giving it a circular structure. Each silicon atom has two methyl groups attached (CH3).
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), contains four repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed (cyclic) loop.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, more commonly known as D4, contains four repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a "cyclic" structure.



D5 SILOXANE = DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Chemical formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane silicone liquid has no odor and consists of five repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop giving it a circular structure.
Each silicon atom has two methyl groups attached (CH3).
Typically it is used as an ingredient in antiperspirant, skin cream, sun protection lotion and make-up.

With a low surface tension of 18 mN/m this material has good spreading properties.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
It is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
The compound is classified as a cyclomethicone. Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

It is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
It is also used as part of silicone based personal lubricants.
D5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, more commonly known as D5, contains five repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a "cyclic" structure.



D6 SILOXANE = DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE = D6 = CYCLOMETHICONE 6
Molecular Formula: C12H36O6Si6
The dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane silicone liquid has no odor and consists of six repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop giving it a circular structure.
Each silicon atom has two methyl groups attached (CH3).
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, more commonly known as D6, contains six repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a "cyclic" structure.

D6 can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants, where it may be labelled "cyclomethicone" or "cyclohexasiloxane".
In personal care products, cyclosiloxanes act as “carriers”, allowing products to spread smoothly and easily and providing a silky feel during application.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
Property: D4 D5 D6
Melting Point, °C: 17.7 -38 -3
Boiling Point, °C: 175 211 245
Density, g/cm3 at 25°C: 0.95 0.954 0.963
Vapour Pressure, Pa at 25°C: 132 33.2 4.6
Water Solubility, mg/L at 23°C: 0.056 0.017 0.053
Henry’s Law Constant, Pa m3/mol at 25°C:1,214,000 3,342,000 14,667
Heat of Evaporation, kJ/mol: 44 51.4 --



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety glasses with side-shields.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.



SYNONYMS:
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
CD3770
cyclicdimethylsiloxanepentamer
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
D3770
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
Decaαthyl-pentasil-pentoxan
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE
Cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl-
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-Octamethyl-1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetraoxatetrasilocane
Cyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
D5 Silicone
D5 Siloxane
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
CYCLOMETHICONE
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
0THT5PCI0R
Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Dow corning 345 fluid
Dow corning 345
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE
Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 6
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxa-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexasilacyclododecane
UNII-XHK3U310BA
XHK3U310BA
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
HSDB 7723
dodecamethyl cyclohexasiloxane
SCHEMBL93785
DTXSID6027183
IUMSDRXLFWAGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-
CHEBI:191103
AKOS015839990
ZINC169794506
FS-5671
DB-008587
D2040
NUC silicone VS 7158
Silicon SF 1202
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Union carbide 7158 silicone fluid
Oktamethylcyklotetrasiloxan
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane tetramer
NUC silicone VS 7207
Oktamethylzyklotetrasiloxan
octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane
UNII-CZ227117JE
octamethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-octamethyl-1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetroxatetrasilocane
CHEBI:25640
CZ227117JE
OMCTS
DSSTox_CID_7205
DSSTox_RID_78349
DSSTox_GSID_27205
Union carbide 7207
Silicone SF 1173
C8H24O4Si4
CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES)
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials and are used as building blocks for the production of a diverse array of silicone polymers.
A common denominator for Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is that they contain repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a “cyclic” structure.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) also gives them their unique properties as hybrid inorganic-organic substances.

CAS: 68037-73-0

D4, D5, D6 contain 4, 5 and 6 repeating units respectively.
They are the three main Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) in commercial production and several decades of research have proven that they are safe for human health and the environment.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are a class of silicone material.
They are volatile and often used as a solvent.
The three main commercial varies are octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6).
They evaporate and degrade in air under sunlight.

Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 180 °C0.5 mm Hg
Density: 1.07 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.52
Fp: >230 °F
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) (68037-71-8)

Uses
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is the most important intermediate for silicone materials.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is composed of repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms, which are individually combined to form a ring.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is produced by acid hydrolysis of silanes (e.g. dimethyldichlorosilane, diphenydichlorosilane) and purification by distillation.

D3, D4, D5 and D6 are usually used as monomers in the production of different ranges of silicone materials and play an important role in a wide range of applications.

D5 and D6 are a non-alcoholic, colorless and odorless transparent silicone liquid, used as a carrying and wetting agent for personal care products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be used as a body spray or as a substitute for petroleum-based solvents.

D5 and D6 are the main cyclomethicones in cosmetics and silicone personal care products because of their excellent skin and hair care properties.
The Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in cosmetics that require the siloxane carrier liquid to eventually evaporate completely.
In this way, they are useful for products that need to be applied to the skin, such as deodorants and antiperspirants, but do not remain to the skin.
They also can be found in sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, lotions, etc.

D4H, ViD4, PhD4 and D3F are used for the production of reactive silioxane polymers and improve the performance (e.g. phenyl side groups provide oxidative stability; trifluoropropyl side groups provide high resistance to solvents).

Synonyms
Cyclosiloxanes,di-Me,polymerswithdi-MesiloxanesandMePhcyclosiloxanes
DiMethylCyclosiloxaneswithDimethylSiloxanesandMethylphenylCyclosiloxanespolymers
DOW CORNING 702 SILICONE DIFFUSION PUMP FLUID
CYCLOSILOXANES
SILASTIC 9161 RTV KIT
SILASTIC E RTV KIT
SILASTIC J RTV KIT
SILASTIC 145 RTV ENCAPSULANT
CYCLODEXTRIN
CYCLOHEPTASILOXANE, N° CAS : 107-50-6, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : CYCLOHEPTASILOXANE,Nom chimique : Tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-496-9, Classification : Silicone, Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état, Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
CYCLOHEPTASILOXANE
CYCLOHEXADECANOL N° CAS : 2565-90-4 Nom INCI : CYCLOHEXADECANOL Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
CYCLOHEXADECANOL
Benzenehexahydride; Cyclohexane; Hexahydro-Benzene; Ciclohexano; Cyclohexane; Hexamethylene; Hexanaphthene; Cicloesano; Cykloheksan CAS NO:110-82-7
CYCLOHEXANE
Hexahydrobenzene; Hexamethylene; Naphthene; Benzenehexahydride; Cyclohexane; Hexahydro-Benzene; Ciclohexano; Cyclohexane; Hexamethylene; Hexanaphthene; Cicloesano; Cykloheksan CAS NO:110-82-7
CYCLOHEXANE

Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is non-polar. Cyclohexane is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon.
Cyclohexyl (C6H11) is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is abbreviated Cy.
Cyclohexane appears as a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Used to make nylon, as a solvent, paint remover, and to make other chemicals. Flash point -4°F. Density 6.5 lb / gal (less than water) and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.


CAS NO: 110-82-7
EC Number:203-806-2

IUPAC Names: 
cyclehexane
cyclohaxane
Cyclohexan
Cyclohexan
CYCLOHEXANE
Cyclohexane
Hexahydrobenzene
Hexamethylene
Naphthene


SYNONYMS
CYCLOHEXANE;110-82-7;Hexamethylene;Hexahydrobenzene;Hexanaphthene;Cyclohexan;Cykloheksan;Cicloesano;Cyclohexaan;Benzene, hexahydro-;Benzenehexahydride;Polycyclohexane;hexahydro-Benzene;Poly(cyclohexane);RCRA waste number U056;cyclo-hexane;UNII-48K5MKG32S;MFCD00003814;NSC 406835;Cyclohexane, oxidized, non-volatile residue;48K5MKG32S;CHEBI:29005;NSC-406835;Cyclohexane, ACS reagent;Cyclohexane, HPLC Grade;Cyclohexane, 99+%, pure;Cyclohexaan [Dutch];Cyclohexan [German];Cicloesano [Italian];Cykloheksan [Polish];Caswell No. 269;Ciclohexano;Cyclohexane, 99.5%, extra pure;Cyclohexane, 99.8%, for HPLC;Cyclohexane, 99.5%, for analysis;Cyclohexane, ACS reagent, >=99%;Cyclohexane, 99+%, for spectroscopy;Cyclohexane, for HPLC, >=99.7%;HSDB 60;Cyclohexane, 99+%, for spectroscopy ACS;Cyclohexane, for pesticide residue analysis;CCRIS 3928;Cyclohexane, 99.5%, Extra Dry, AcroSeal(R);EINECS 203-806-2;UN1145;RCRA waste no. U056;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 025901;cylcohexane;cylohexane;Cyclohexane, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (GC);Zyklohexan;AI3-08222;Cyclohexane, 99.5%, Extra Dry over Molecular Sieve, AcroSeal(R);EINECS 270-147-5;Cyclohexane HPLC grade;Cyclohexane, for HPLC;Cyclohexane, homopolymer;Cyclohexane, ACS Grade;ACMC-1BUC3;DSSTox_CID_1923;bmse000545;WLN: L6TJ;EC 203-806-2;EC 270-147-5;DSSTox_RID_76404;DSSTox_GSID_21923;ghl.PD_Mitscher_leg0.242;68411-76-7,Cyclohexane, LR, >=99%;CHEMBL15980;Cyclohexane, JIS special grade;Cyclohexane, analytical standard;Cyclohexane, p.a., 99.0%;Cyclohexane, Environmental Grade;DTXSID4021923;Cyclohexane, anhydrous, 99.5%;Cyclohexane, AR, >=99.5%;Cyclohexane, reaction product with oxygen, nonvolatile residue;BCP08072;ZINC1532203;Tox21_201087;ANW-56408;Cyclohexane GC, for residue analysis;NSC406835;STL283116;Cyclohexane, >=99.5%, PRA grade;Cyclohexane, for HPLC, >=99.9%;AKOS000119975;Cyclohexane, HPLC grade, >=99.9%;ZINC100503963;MCULE-3136361765;UN 1145;Cyclohexane 2000 microg/mL in Methanol;NCGC00248918-01;NCGC00258639-01;25012-93-5;CAS-110-82-7;Cyclohexane, puriss., >=99.5% (GC);Cyclohexane, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%;Cyclohexane, Laboratory Reagent, >=99.8%;Cyclohexane, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%;Cyclohexane [UN1145] [Flammable liquid];Cyclohexane, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.5%;FT-0624180;FT-0624182;Cyclohexane, ACS spectrophotometric grade, >=99%;Q211433;Cyclohexane, HPLC UV/IR isocratic grade, min. 99.9%;Cyclohexane, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material


Production
Modern production
On an industrial scale, cyclohexane is produced by hydrogenation of benzene in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst. Producers of cyclohexane account for approximately 11.4% of the global demand for benzene. The reaction is highly exothermic, with ΔH(500 K) = -216.37 kJ/mol). Dehydrogenation commenced noticeably above 300°C, reflecting the favorable entropy for dehydrogenation.

Historical methods
Unlike benzene, cyclohexane is not found in natural resources such as coal. For this reason, early investigators synthesized their cyclohexane samples.

Reactions and uses
Although rather unreactive, cyclohexane undergoes catalytic oxidation to produce cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. The cyclohexanone–cyclohexanol mixture, called "KA oil", is a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam, precursors to nylon. Several million kilograms of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol are produced annually.

Laboratory solvent and other niche uses
It is used as a solvent in some brands of correction fluid. Cyclohexane is sometimes used as a non-polar organic solvent, although n-hexane is more widely used for this purpose. It is frequently used as a recrystallization solvent, as many organic compounds exhibit good solubility in hot cyclohexane and poor solubility at low temperatures.

Cyclohexane is also used for calibration of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instruments, because of a convenient crystal-crystal transition at −87.1 °C.

Cyclohexane vapor is used in vacuum carburizing furnaces, in heat treating equipment manufacture.

Conformation
Main article: Cyclohexane conformation
The 6-vertex edge ring does not conform to the shape of a perfect hexagon. The conformation of a flat 2D planar hexagon has considerable angle strain because its bonds are not 109.5 degrees; the torsional strain would also be considered because all of the bonds would be eclipsed bonds. Therefore, to reduce torsional strain, cyclohexane adopts a three-dimensional structure known as the chair conformation, which rapidly interconvert at room temperature via a process known as a chair flip. During the chair flip, there are three other intermediate conformations that are encountered: the half-chair, which is the most unstable conformation, the more stable boat conformation, and the twist-boat, which is more stable than the boat but still much less stable than the chair. The chair and twist-boat are energy minima and are therefore conformers, while the half-chair and the boat are transition states and represent energy maxima. The idea that the chair conformation is the most stable structure for cyclohexane was first proposed as early as 1890 by Hermann Sachse, but only gained widespread acceptance much later. The new conformation puts the carbons at an angle of 109.5°. Half of the hydrogens are in the plane of the ring (equatorial) while the other half are perpendicular to the plane (axial). This conformation allows for the most stable structure of cyclohexane. Another conformation of cyclohexane exists, known as boat conformation, but it interconverts to the slightly more stable chair formation. If cyclohexane is mono-substituted with a large substituent, then the substituent will most likely be found attached in an equatorial position, as this is the slightly more stable conformation.

Cyclohexane has the lowest angle and torsional strain of all the cycloalkanes; as a result, cyclohexane has been deemed a 0 in total ring strain.

IDENTIFICATION
Cyclohexane is a colorless liquid. It has a pungent, petroleum-like odor. It is slightly soluble in water. 

A gas chromatographic system was used to quantitate more than 300 gas-phase cmpd, as hydrocarbons, from roadside ambient air samples. Samples were simultaneously collected in Tedlar bags and on Tenax cartridges. Hydrocarbons from Tedlar bag collected samples were quantitated on a gas chromatograph arranged in a dual column configuration and equipped with a flame ionization detector. The C2 and C3 hydrocarbons were separated on a 5 m long stainless steel column packed with silica gel. C4 to C13 hydrocarbons were separated on a 125 m long glass capillary column containing 7.5% hydrophobic silica. A stainless steel subambient hydrocarbon trap filled with untreated glass wool permitted the concn of at least 4 L of sample at 70% relative humidity. A temperature controller cooled the trap for hydrocarbon concn and thermally described the hydrocarbons for gas chromatographic analysis. This trap extends the detection limits for most hydrocarbons to 15.0 ppt carbon. Hydrocarbons collected on Tenax cartridges were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in order to provide qualitative identification for the peaks obtained from the GC analysis.

USE
Over 98% of the cyclohexane produced is used to make nylon intermediates. It is used as a solvent for lacquers, resins and synthetic rubber. It can also be used as paint and varnish remover. It is present in all crude oils. It can be released in volcanic emissions, tobacco smoke and plant volatiles. 
Over 98% of the cyclohexane produced is used to make nylon intermediates: adipic acid (60%), caprolactam, and hexamethylenediamine 75% of the caprolactam produced worldwide is used for nylon 6 manufacture. Minor miscellaneous uses, such as solvents and polymer reaction diluents, consume the remainder of the cyclohexane produced.
Organic solvent for lacquers and resins. Paint and varnish remover. In the extraction of essential oils. In analytical chemistry for molecular weight determinations (cryoscopic constant 20.3). In the manufacturing of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitrocyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. In the manufacturing of solid fuel for camp stoves. In fungicidal formulations (possesses slight fungicidal action), In the industrial recrystallization of steroids.

EXPOSURE
People that work in industries where products containing cyclohexane are used will have the highest exposure. Nylon industry workers are the most likely to be exposed. Other industries could include shoe and leather factories, printing plants, and furniture and mechanical industries. The general population may be exposed to cyclohexane from tobacco smoke, gasoline fumes or smog. Cyclohexane can be found at low levels in surface, ground and drinking waters. It can also be found in air. It breaks down in air by reaction with other chemicals. It is expected to rapidly evaporate from soil and water surfaces. Cyclohexane that remains in soil or water may be slowly broken down by microorganisms. It is expected to build up in aquatic organisms. 

INDUSTRY USE
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
-Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
-Fuels and fuel additives
-Functional fluids (closed systems)
-Intermediates
-Laboratory chemicals
-Lubricants and lubricant additives
-Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
-Polymer manufacturing
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed
-Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

CONSUMER USE
-Adhesives and sealants
-Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
-Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
-Fuels and related products
-Ink, toner, and colorant products
-Lubricants and greases
-Paints and coatings
-Petrochemicals
-college and university laboratory research, other chemical preparation, laboratory use
-Pharmaceutical prep and laboratory use.
Methods of Manufacturing
Benzene can be hydrogenated catalytically to cyclohexane in either the liquid or the vapour phase in the presence of hydrogen. Several cyclohexane processes, which use nickel, platinum, or palladium as the catalyst, have been developed. Usually, the catalyst is supported, e.g., on alumina, but at least one commercial process utilizes Raney nickel.
Occurs in petroleum (0.5-1.0%). Obtained in the distillation of petroleum ... In the distillation of petroleum, the C4-400 °F boiling range naphthas are fractionated to obtain C5-200 °F naphtha containing 10-14% cyclohexane which on superfractionation yields an 85% concentrate (which is sold as such); further purification /of 85% concentrate cyclohexane/ necessitates isomerization of pentanes to cyclohexane, heat cracking for removing open-chain hydrocarbons and sulfuric acid treatment to remove aromatic compounds.

Industry Processing Sectors
-Adhesive manufacturing
-All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Asphalt paving, roofing, and coating materials manufacturing
-Computer and electronic product manufacturing
-Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
-Miscellaneous manufacturing
-Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
-Paint and coating manufacturing
-Petrochemical manufacturing
-Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
-Petroleum refineries
-Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
-Plastic material and resin manufacturing
-Printing ink manufacturing
-Rubber product manufacturing
-Services
-Spent liquid for Polymer manufacturing
-Transportation equipment manufacturing
-University or college research
-Wholesale and retail trade

How is it produced?
Industrial cyclohexane can be produced by two methods. The first is the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene using rhodium on carbon, and the second method is via fractional distillation of petroleum.

How is it stored and distributed?
Cyclohexane has a specific gravity of 0.78 and a flashpoint of -20° C and is highly flammable. It should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area which is free from the risk of ignition. For transportation purposes, it is classified as hazard class 3 and packing group II and is should be labelled as an irritant.

What Cyclohexane used for?
Cyclohexane is used predominately in the nylon industry where approximately 90% of it is consumed in the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are themselves used to generate nylon6 and nylon6.6. The remaining 10% is used both as a solvent for paints, resins, varnish and oil, and as a plasticiser. Cyclohexane can also be used as an intermediate in the manufacture of other industrial chemicals such as cyclohexanone and nitrocyclohexanone.

Cyclohexane is generally used as an intermediate chemical. Specifically, 54% of what is produced is used in the production of adipic acid for nylon-6/6, 39% for caprolactam for nylon-6, and 7% for products including solvents, insecticides and plasticizers. The demand for nylon (and hence cyclohexane) in engineering thermoplastics in resins and films is growing at about 6% annually. Engineering thermoplastics are noted for their outstanding properties of high tensile strength, excellent abrasion, and chemical resistance and heat resistance. 

All cyclohexane is produced in benzene hydrogenation units. In the process, high-purity benzene feed and purified hydrogen (typically recovered from reformers and ethylene crackers) are brought to reaction temperatures and charged to the reactor. The conversion of benzene to cyclohexane is stoichiometric and almost complete; finished cyclohexane typically contains less than 50 ppm of benzene. A small amount of lower purity cyclohexane is recovered from petroleum streams by fractionation and extraction.

Over 90% of the cyclohexane production is used to produce intermediates for nylon 6 and nylon 6,6. Nylon 6 is made by polymerizing caprolactam which is derived from the nitration of cyclohexane. Nylon 6,6 is made by polymerizing equal molar quantities of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine (HMDA). Adipic acid is made by a two-step air and nitric acid oxidation of cyclohexane. The adipic acid is converted to HMDA by the reduction of adiponitrile (an intermediate). Adipic acid produced from cyclohexane is also used to manufacture esters for plasticizers and synthetic lubricants, as well as produce polyurethanes (synthetic leather).

Most cyclohexane goes into the production of intermediates for nylon, which has a variety of common applications such as clothing, tents and carpets as well as thermoplastics. Cyclohexane is also used as a solvent in chemical and industrial processes and recently has been substituted for benzene in many applications. Chevron Phillips Chemical also offers other solvents through our Specialty Chemicals Division.

Cyclohexane derivatives

The specific arrangement of functional groups in cyclohexane derivatives, and indeed in most cycloalkane molecules, is extremely important in chemical reactions, especially reactions involving nucleophiles. Substituents on the ring must be in the axial formation to react with other molecules. For example, the reaction of bromocyclohexane and a common nucleophile, a hydroxide anion , would result in cyclohexene.

This reaction, commonly known as an elimination reaction or dehalogenation (specifically E2), requires that the bromine substituent be in the axial formation, opposing another axial H atom to react. Assuming that the bromocyclohexane was in the appropriate formation to react, the E2 reaction would commence as such:

1-The electron pair bond between the C-Br moves to the Br, forming Br− and setting it free from cyclohexane 
2-The nucleophile (-OH) gives an electron pair to the adjacent axial H, setting H free and bonding to it to create H2O 
3-The electron pair bond between the adjacent axial H moves to the bond between the two C-C making it C=C 
Note:All three steps happen simultaneously, characteristic of all E2 reactions.

The reaction above will generate mostly E2 reactions and as a result the product will be mostly (~70%) cyclohexene. However, the percentage varies with conditions, and generally, two different reactions (E2 and Sn2) compete. In the above reaction, an Sn2 reaction would substitute the bromine for a hydroxyl (OH-) group instead, but once again, the Br must be in axial to react. Once the SN2 substitution is complete, the newly substituted OH group would flip back to the more stable equatorial position quickly (~1 millisecond).

Cyclohexane is a volatile solvent used as a harmless substitute for dangerous organic solvents in several products, such as paint thinners, gasoline and adhesives.

Nearly all cyclohexane is used to make cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, which, in turn, are used mainly as precursors for the production of adipic acid and caprolactam, respectively. Other uses for cyclohexane include various solvent applications and the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone for nonprecursor use. As a result of cyclohexane’s intrinsic link to the polyamide chain and its use in automobiles, construction, and textiles, global cyclohexane demand remains strongly influenced by macroeconomic conditions. Cyclohexane is consumed largely for nylon 6 fibres, resins, and films.

Cyclohexane is produced commercially by the hydrogenation of benzene and by the fractionation and purification of hydrocarbon streams. There are both liquid- and vapour-phase process technologies for cyclohexane production. Hydrogenation of benzene is the predominant method, accounting for 100% of world cyclohexane capacity. Since highpurity cyclohexane is required for caprolactam and most adipic acid production, the higher-purity benzene-derived material is far more important commercially. Purity is a function of benzene and hydrogen feed and can be as high as 99.99% with some commercial processes.

It is mainly used in the manufacture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. It is widely used as a solvent in the paint industry. It is also used as a solvent in organic synthesis; extraction solvent; pigment diluent. Most cyclohexane is used to make adipic acid, caprolactam and hexamethylene diamine (98% of total consumption), a small part is used to make cyclohexylamine and other aspects, such as fibre ethers, fats, wax, asphalt, resin and rubber solvent; organic and recrystallization media; paint and varnish remover, etc. It can be used as a raw material for nylon 6 and nylon 66. It can also be used as a polymerization diluent, paint remover, detergent, adipic acid extractant and binder.

Uses
Solvent for lacquers and resins. Paint and varnish remover. In the extraction of essential oils. In analytical chemistry for mol wt determinations (cryoscopic constant 20.3). In the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitrocyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. In the manufacture of solid fuel for camp stoves. In fungicidal formulations (possesses slight fungicidal action). In the industrial recrystallization of steroids.
Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odour. A detection odor threshold concentration of 2,700 mg/m3 (784 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974). An odor threshold concentration of 2.7 ppbv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Cyclohexane is a petroleum product obtained by distilling C4- 400°F boiling range naphtha, followed by fractionation and superfractionation; also formed by catalytic hydrogenation of benzene. It is used extensively as a solvent for lacquers and resins, as a paint and varnish remover, and in the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone.
Commercially most of cyclohexane produced is converted into cyclohexanone-cyclohexanol mixture (or "KA oil") by catalytic oxidation. KA oil is then used as a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam. Practically, if the cyclohexanol content of KA oil is higher than cyclohexanone, it is more likely(economical) to be converted into adipic acid, and the reverse case, caprolactam production is more likely. Such ratio in KA oil can be controlled by selecting suitable oxidation catalyts. Some of cyclohexane is used as an organic solvent.
Cyclohexane often is used by the industrial industry. For example, almost 90% of cyclohexane is used in making nylon fiber and nylon molding resin and the rest of it is used in solvents for paint, resins, and plasticizers. Also cyclohexane is used as an organic solvent. Cyclohexane is a component of petroleum.

To produce commercially, cyclohexane has to convert into cyclohexanone-cyclohexanol mixture. It can be used for calibration of differential scanning calorimetry instruments and surface combustion. (heat treating equipment)

Reactivity Profile
Liquid nitrogen dioxide was fed into a nitration column containing hot Cyclohexane, due to an error. 

Purification Methods
It is best to purify it by washing with conc H2SO4 until the washings are colourless, followed by water, aqueous Na2CO3 or 5% NaOH, and again water until neutral. It is then dried with P2O5, Linde type 4A molecular sieves, CaCl2, or MgSO4 then Na and distilled. Cyclohexane has been refluxed with and distilled from Na, CaH2, LiAlH4 (which also removes peroxides), sodium/potassium alloy, or P2O5. Traces of *benzene can be removed by passage through a column of silica gel that has been freshly heated: this gives material suitable for ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. If there is much *benzene in the cyclohexane, most of it can be removed by a preliminary treatment with nitrating acid (a cold mixture of 30mL conc HNO3 and 70mL of conc H2SO4) which converts *benzene into nitrobenzene. The impure cyclohexane and the nitrating acid are placed in an ice bath and stirred vigorously for 15minutes, after which the mixture is allowed to warm to 25o during 1hour. The cyclohexane is decanted, washed several times with 25% NaOH, then water, dried with CaCl2, and distilled from sodium. Carbonyl-containing impurities can be removed as described for chloroform. Other purification procedures include passage through columns of activated alumina and repeated crystallisation by partial freezing. Small quantities may be purified by chromatography on a Dowex 710-Chromosorb W gas-liquid chromatographic column. Flammable liquid. [Sabatier Ind Eng Chem 18 1005 1926, Schefland & Jacobs The Handbook of Organic Solvents (Van Nostrand) p592 1953, Beilstein 5 IV 27.] Rapid purification: Distil, discarding the forerun. Stand distillate over Grade I alumina (5% w/v) or 4A molecular sieves.

General Description
A clear colourless liquid with a petroleum-like odour. Used to make nylon, as a solvent, paint remover, and to make other chemicals. Flashpoint -4°F. Density 6.5 lb/gal (less than water) and insoluble in water. Vapours heavier than air.

Chemical Properties
colorless liquid

Cyclohexane is an acyclic hydrocarbon from the Cycloalkane family. It is used as a non polar solvent in the chemical industry and a reactant in industrial production of Adipic acid and caprolactam, intermediates in Nylon production. Pure cyclohexane is non-reactive and is typically only used as a solvent. The oxidation of cyclohexane provides cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. They are much more reactive and are used among others as a raw material for the production of adipic acid and caprolactam.

Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon. Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used).

Description
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used).

Application
C 2778 (OTTO) Cyclohexane, for HPLC 99.8% Cas 110-82-7 - used as a recrystallization solvent, as many organic compounds exhibit good solubility in hot cyclohexane and poor solubility at low temperatures.

Production Methods
Cyclohexane is fractionated from crude oil and may be released wherever petroleum products are refined, stored, and used. Another large source of general release is in exhaust gases from motor vehicles. It is prepared synthetically from benzene, by hydrocracking of cyclopentane, or from toluene by simultaneous dealkylation and double bond hydrogenation.

Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon. On an industrial scale, cyclohexane is produced by reacting benzene with hydrogen. Due to its unique chemical and conformational properties, cyclohexane is also used in labs in analysis and as a standard.

Properties
Cyclohexane is a compound composed of carbon and hydrogen. It is a clear and volatile liquid type of organic compound. Its odor is a faint ether-like. Its molecular formula is C6H12 and has a molecular weight of 84.18. Its boiling point is 80.7C and melting point is 6.47C. Its vapor density is 2.90, vapor pressure is 97.6 mm Hg at 25 oC ,and flash point is -18 C. Cyclohexane's molecular shape is a hexagon. 

The carbon atom in cyclohexane are in a hexagonal shape, having a carbon to carbon bonds on both sides and two hydrogen bonds in each of the carbon. The electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen are about equal therefore making it a nonpolar covalent bonded molecule. Cyclohexane is insoluble in water because of its structure and its bond, making it hydrophobic. It can be broken down by alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, and ligroin.

Cyclohexanol
Hexahydrophenol; Cyclohexyl Alcohol; Hexahydrophenol; Naxol; 1-Cyclohexanol; adronal; Hexalin; Hydralin; Hydrophenol; Hydroxycyclohexane CAS NO: 108-93-0
CYCLOHEXANONE
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE, N° CAS : 540-97-6, Nom INCI : CYCLOHEXASILOXANE, Nom chimique : Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-762-8, Classification : Silicone, Le cyclohexasiloxane est un des nombreux dérivés de silicone, qui confère aux produits de la douceur, de la brillance et qui améliore les textures. Ce silicone ne pose pas de soucis pour la santé humaine, si ce n'est qu'il n'est pas biodégradable. Il est interdit en bio.Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
CYCLOHEXANONE
CAS number: 108-94-1
EC Number: 203-631-1
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₀O
Molecular Weight: 98.15

What is Cyclohexanone?
Cyclohexanone (also known as oxocyclohexane, pimelic ketone, cyclohexyl ketone, and CYC) is a clear oily liquid that has a colourless to light yellow tinge and a pungent odour.
Cyclohexanone is a sixcarbon cyclic molecule belonging to the class of cyclic ketones (organic compounds) with the formula C6H10O.
Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water, completely miscible with common solvents and reacts with oxidants such as nitric acid.
Cyclohexanone occurs naturally in crude oils and is also produced synthetically, in large quantities, as it is a key intermediate in the production of nylon.

Cyclohexanone uses:
Cyclohexanone uses in industry
Cyclohexanone has many industrial uses, primarily as an industrial chemical and chemical intermediate in the production of specific target molecules.
In fact, the consumption of cyclohexanone is linked almost entirely to the nylon industry with derivatives oxidised to produce adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors for nylon 6.
Up to 70% of the world’s caprolactam is produced via cyclohexanone.

Other cyclohexanone derivatives are used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, herbicides, pesticides, plasticisers, and rubber chemicals.
Additional industry uses of cyclohexanone include as an adhesive, fuel, paint and coating additive and laboratory chemical.
Cyclohexanone is used as a solvent for lacquers, paints, resins, degreasers, spot removers, polymers, copolymers, waxes, crude rubber, cellulose acetate, the manufacturing of herbicides and anihistamines.

Consumer uses of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone is found in various consumer products including in adhesives, paints, automotive, cleaning and furnishing care products, electronics, and photo chemicals.

Cyclohexanone is mostly captively consumed, either isolated or as a mixture, in the production of nylon intermediates (adipic acid and Caprolactam).
Around 4% is consumed in markets other than nylon, such as solvents for paints, dyes and pesticides.
Cyclohexanone is also used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, films, soaps and coatings.

Cyclohexanone is produced from either phenol or cyclohexane.
Fibrant masters technologies that use any of these feedstocks It has developed a unique technology portfolio to secure a reliable and high quality raw material supply to its Caprolactam units.

Cyclohexanone is produced by selective vapour phase hydrogenation of Phenol.
A specially developed Palladium-based catalyst and an advanced process technology facilitate the manufacturing of a product with excellent quality parameters.
Cyclohexanone is transported in road tank cars, containers and railway tank wagons.

Cyclohexanone (also known as oxocyclohexane, pimelic ketone, ketohexamethylene, cyclohexyl ketone or ketocyclohexane) is a six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group.
Cyclohexanone is a colorless, oily liquid with an acetone-like smell.

Applications of Cyclohexanone:
-Raw material for caprolactam, adipic acid and nylon
-Retarder thinner (celluloid, fat, wax, rubber, synthetic resin, resin lacquer, etc.)
-Remover for paint and varnish
-Chemical synthesis
-Magnetic tapes
-Manufacturing of dyestuffs
-Manufacturing of fibres
-Manufacturing of herbicides
-Manufacturing of peroxides
-Manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents
-Manufacturing of plastics
-Manufacturing of sedatives and soporifics
-Manufacturing of textile dyestuffs
-Manufacturing of textiles dyestuffs
-Optical brighteners
-Pesticides
-Polymer auxiliaries
-Solvents for polymeres
-Textile dyestuffs

Production of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts:
C6H12 + O2 → (CH2)5CO + H2O
This process co-forms cyclohexanol, and this mixture, called "KA Oil" for ketone-alcohol oil, is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid.
The oxidation involves radicals and the intermediacy of the hydroperoxide C6H11O2H.
In some cases, purified cyclohexanol, obtained by hydration of cyclohexene, is the precursor.

Alternatively, cyclohexanone can be produced by the partial hydrogenation of phenol:
C6H5OH + 2 H2 → (CH2)5CO
This process can also be adjusted to favor the formation of cyclohexanol.
ExxonMobil developed a process in which benzene is hydroalkylated to cyclohexylbenzene.
Cyclohexanone is oxidized to a hydroperoxide and then cleaved to phenol and cyclohexanone.
Therefore, this newer process without producing the acetone by-product appears attractive and is similar to the Cumene process as a hydroperoxide is formed and then decomposed to yield two key products.

Laboratory methods of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone can be prepared from cyclohexanol by oxidation with chromium trioxide (Jones oxidation).
An alternative method utilizes the safer and more readily available oxidant sodium hypochlorite.

Uses of Cyclohexanone:
The great majority of cyclohexanone is consumed in the production of precursors to Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6.
About half of the world's supply is converted to adipic acid, one of two precursors for nylon 6,6.
For this application, the KA oil (see above) is oxidized with nitric acid.
The other half of the cyclohexanone supply is converted to cyclohexanone oxime.

Laboratory reactions of Cyclohexanone:
In addition to the large scale reactions conducted in service of the polymer industry, many reactions have been developed for cyclohexanone.
In the presence of light, Cyclohexanone undergoes alpha-chlorination to give 2-chlorocyclohexanone.
Cyclohexanone forms a trimethylsilylenol ether upon treatment with trimethylsilylchloride in the presence of base.
Cyclohexanone also forms an enamine with pyrolidine.

Illicit use of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone has been used in the illicit production of phencyclidine and its analogs and as such is often subject to additional checks before purchase.

How is cyclohexanone made?
There are several methods of manufacturing cyclohexanone, one of which being the catalytic hydrogenation of phenol:
C6H5OH + 2 H2 → (CH2)5CO
Another method is via the catalytic air-oxidation of cyclohexane, typically in the presence of cobalt crystals:
C6H12 + O2 → (CH2)5CO + H2O
This reaction is one of the primary commercial bulk manufacturing methods, the other being the hydrogenation of benzene (in a closed system).
Other methods include the catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol:
C6H11OH → C6H11OH + H2
Worldwide, thousands of tonnes of cyclohexyl ketone are produced annually.
Demand for it is still growing, especially in China, and several new production plants have come on-line in the past few years in order to help meet this demand.

Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CO.
The molecule consists of six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group.
This colorless oil has an odor reminiscent of that of acetone.
Over time, samples of cyclohexanone assume a yellow color.
Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water and miscible with common organic solvents.
Billions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly as a precursor to nylon.
Cyclohexanone is a colorless, flammable and corrosive liquid which dissolves in water, alcohol and ether.

Cyclohexanone is a synthetic organic liquid used primarily as an intermediate in the production of nylon.
Other minor applications of Cyclohexanone are as an intermediate, additive and solvent in a variety of products.
Occupational exposure levels have been measured in some industries

Most important use of Cyclohexanone is as a chemical intermediate in the production of Adipic Acid and in the manufacturing of Caprolactam.
Cyclohexanone is also used as a solvent and thinner for lacquers, especially those containing nitrocellulose or vinyl chloride polymer and copolymer resins including polyvinyl chloride and methacrylate ester polymers.
Cyclohexanone is an excellent solvent for DDT and organic phosphorus insecticides and pesticides.
Cyclohexanone is used as a sludge solvent in oil for piston type aircraft lubrication.

Boiling point: 155.6°C
Melting point: –16.4°C
Conversion factor: mg/m3 = 4.0 × ppm

Description of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone (pimelic ketone, ketohexamethylene, cyclohexyl ketone, ketocyclohexane) is an industrially important intermediate in the synthesis of materials such as nylon.

Cyclohexanone is an important intermediate for synthesizing fine chemicals and also regarded as a promising secondgeneration biofuel.
The dimers by the self-condensation of cyclohexanone include a pair of resonance structures of 2-(1-cyclohexenyl)cyclohexanone and 2-cyclohexylidenecyclohexanone, which can be readily dehydrogenated directly to o-phenylphenol (OPP).

General description of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone, a colorless liquid is a cyclic ketone.
Cyclohexanone is an important building block for the synthesis of a variety of organic compounds.
Majority of the cyclohexanone synthesized is utilized as an intermediate in the synthesis of nylon.
One of the methods reported for its synthesis is by the palladium catalyzed hydrogenation of phenol.
The kinetics of the oxidation reaction of cyclohexanone has been studied in a fused silica jet stirred reactor.
The Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of cyclohexanone has been reported.

Molecular Weight: 98.14
Formula: C6H10O
Density: 0.947 g/mL at 25 °C
CAS No.: 108-94-1
Storage: 2 years -20°C liquid
Smiles: C1CCC(=O)CC1

We can provide customers with the purest and finest Cyclohexanone, anywhere and anytime.
-Proprietary production processes to ensure industry-leading quality and consistency
-Integrated Cyclohexanone production sites, resulting in the highest degree of reliability
-Continuous quality assurance
-State-of-the-art transportation options
-Continuous improvements and investments to secure world-class plant reliability and industry-leading quality

Chemical and physical properties of cyclohexanone:
Molecular Formula: C6H10O / (CH2)5CO
Synonyms: Ketohexamethylene, oxocyclohexane, sextone, pimelic ketone, pimelin ketone, cyclohexyl ketone, Hydrol-O, anone, CYC.
Cas Number: 108-94-1
Molecular Mass: 98.14 g/mol
Exact Mass: 98.073165 g/mol
Flashpoint: 111°F / 43.9
Boiling Point: 312.1 ° F / 155.6 at 760 mm Hg
Melting Point: 3 ° F/ -16.1 ° C
Vapour Pressure: 101.7° F at 10 mm Hg
Water Solubility: 50 to 100 mg/mL at 64° F
Density: 0.945 at 68 °F

Cyclohexanone is an industrially important intermediate in the synthesis of materials such as nylon, but preparing it efficiently through direct hydrogenation of phenol is hindered by over-reduction to cyclohexanol.
Here we report that a previously unappreciated combination of two common commercial catalysts―nanoparticulate palladium (supported on carbon, alumina, or NaY zeolite) and a Lewis acid such as AlCl3―synergistically promotes this reaction.
Conversion exceeding 99.9% was achieved with >99.9% selectivity within 7 hours at 1.0-megapascal hydrogen pressure and 50°C.
The reaction was accelerated at higher temperature or in a compressed CO2 solvent medium.
Preliminary kinetic and spectroscopic studies suggest that the Lewis acid sequentially enhances the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone and then inhibits further hydrogenation of the ketone.

General description of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone is a cyclic ketone with a minty odor.
Cyclohexanone is reported to be present in volatile flavor fraction of kiwi fruit pulp and acerola fruit.

Formula: C6H10O
Net Charge: 0
Average Mass: 98.14300
Monoisotopic Mass: 98.07316
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H10O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H2
InChIKey: JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=C1CCCCC1

Cyclohexanol (CHOL) and cyclohexanone (CHON), precursors for caprolactam and adipic acid, are vital feedstock chemicals for the production of nylons.
In addition, CHOL serves as an emulsion stabilizer and a raw material for plasticizers, and CHON is widely used as a solvent for resins and paints.
Industrial preparations of CHOL and CHON entail oxidation of cyclohexane or hydrogenation of phenol.2 Alternatively, hydration of cyclohexene is developed to afford CHOL3 which can further be converted to CHON by oxidation.
During the above production processes, CHOL and CHON are inevitably obtained as mixtures, which are known as KA-oil.
Due to very close boiling points, mixed CHOL and CHON are energy-consuming to purify by distillation, thereby the development of alternative methods for separation is of significant importance.

Isolation of Cyclohexanone from Steam Distillate
Cyclohexanone is fairly soluble in water.
Dissolving inorganic salts such as potassium carbonate or sodium chloride in the aqueous layer will decrease the solubility of cyclohexanone such that it can be completely extracted with ether.
This process is known as "salting out."
To salt out the cyclohexanone, add to the distillate 0.2 g of sodium chloride per milliliter of water present and swirl to dissolve the salt.
Then pour the mixture into a separatory funnel, rinse the flask with ether, add more ether to a total volume of 25-30 mL, shake, and draw off the water layer.
Then wash the ether layer with 25 mL of 10% sodium hydroxide solution to remove acetic acid, test a drop of the wash liquor to make sure it contains excess alkali, and draw off the aqueous layer.

Product Number: C0489
Purity / Analysis Method: >99.0%(GC)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C6H10O = 98.15
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
CAS RN: 108-94-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 385735
PubChem Substance ID: 87565608
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 571
Merck Index (14): 2726
MDL Number: MFCD00001625

Cyclohexanone and benzoquinone are important chemicals in chemical and manufacturing industries.
The simultaneous production of cyclohexanone and benzoquinone by the reaction of phenol and water is an ideal route for the economical production of the two chemicals.
In principle, this can be achieved in an electrochemical reaction system that couples the cathodic reduction of phenol to cyclohexanone and the anodic oxidation of phenol to benzoquinone, which has not been realized.
Here, we report the first work on this integration strategy, where nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon (NHPC)-supported NiPt and FeRu designed in this work are very efficient and selective cathode and anode catalysts, affording >99.9% selectivities to both cyclohexanone and benzoquinone.
The excellent electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts can be ascribed to the poor absorption capability of the NiPt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) for cyclohexanone and Fe single-atom decorated Ru NPs for benzoquinone, which avoids the excessive reduction and oxidation of the desired products.
The reaction pathway is proposed on the basis of control experiments, in which two phenol molecules react with one H2O molecule with 100% atom-efficiency.
In the scale-up experiment at the 1 g scale, NiPt/NHPC and FeRu/NHPC exhibit excellent durability and stability, which enables this integrated system to afford 645.3 mg of cyclohexanone and 691.7 mg of benzoquinone synchronously in an operating time of 90 h.

Specifications of Cyclohexanone:
Appearance: A clear colorless liquid
Purity (by GC): Min 99.5%
Refractive index (20°C; 589 nm): 1.450 - 1.451
Weight/ mL at 20°C: 0.945 - 0.947 g
Water (H2O): Max 0.2%
Non volatile matter: Max 0.02%
Acidity (as CH3COOH): Max 0.02%
Cyclohexane (C6H12): Max 0.001%
Cyclohexanol (C6H12O): Max 0.2%
Copper (Cu): Max 0.00005%
Iron (Fe): Max 0.0001%
Lead (Pb): Max 0.00005%

Synonyms:
anone; cyclohexyl ketone; pimelic ketone; ketohexamethylene

Other names:
oxocyclohexane, pimelic ketone, ketohexamethylene, cyclohexyl ketone, ketocyclohexane, hexanon, Hydrol-O, Sextone, K, Anone

SYNONYMS:
CYCLOHEXANONE
Cyclohexanone
cyclohexanone
Cyclohexyl ketone
Ketocyclohexane
Ketohexamethylene
Oxocyclohexane
CYCLOHEXANONE
108-94-1
Ketohexamethylene
Pimelic ketone
Sextone
Cyclohexyl ketone
Nadone
Anone
Anon
Cyclohexanon
Hytrol O
Hexanon
ketocyclohexane
oxocyclohexane
Pimelin ketone
Cykloheksanon
Cicloesanone
Cyclohexanone, homopolymer
Hytrolo
Cyclic ketone
RCRA waste number U057
Cyclohexanon [Dutch]
Caswell No. 270
NCI-C55005
Cicloesanone [Italian]
Cykloheksanon [Polish]
NSC 5711
UNII-5QOR3YM052
CCRIS 5897
MFCD00001625
9003-41-2
cyclohexyloxy
CHEMBL18850
5QOR3YM052
CHEBI:17854
cyclohexan-1-one
DSSTox_CID_359
DSSTox_RID_75537
DSSTox_GSID_20359
CYH
CAS-108-94-1
HSDB 186
EINECS 203-631-1
UN1915
RCRA waste no. U057
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 025902
CYCLOHEXANONE POLYMER
cylcohexanone
cylohexanone
cyclo-hexanone
2-cyclohexanone
4-cyclohexanone
AI3-00041
Cyclohexanone,(S)
Cyclohexanon(dutch)
Cyclohexanone ACS grade
BDBM6
Cyclohexanone homopolymer
Cyclohexanone, 99.8%
ACMC-1BP9A
WLN: L6VTJ
bmse000405
EC 203-631-1
MLS002152896
BIDD:ER0292
Cyclohexanone, LR, >=99%
DTXSID6020359
Cyclohexanone (Industrial Grade)
Cyclohexanone, p.a., 99.0%
Cyclohexanone, AR, >=99.5%
NSC5711
Cyclohexanone, analytical standard
HMS3039C04
Cyclohexanone - Reagent Grade ACS
NSC-5711
ZINC4528575
Tox21_202121
Tox21_302750
s6236
SBB060074
STL183287
AKOS000119815
DB02060
MCULE-5664385838
UN 1915
Cyclohexanone, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
Cyclohexanone, ReagentPlus(R), 99.8%
NCGC00091786-01
NCGC00091786-02
NCGC00256489-01
NCGC00259670-01
SMR001224507
Cyclohexanone 5000 microg/mL in Methanol
Cyclohexanone, puriss., >=99.5% (GC)
Cyclohexanone, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
DB-059799
Cyclohexanone, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
FT-0624193
FT-0699543
ST50214418
Y1320
Cyclohexanone [UN1915] [Flammable liquid]
Cyclohexanone, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
Cyclohexanone, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
2628-EP2269986A1
2628-EP2269990A1
2628-EP2269995A1
2628-EP2270113A1
2628-EP2272817A1
2628-EP2272825A2
2628-EP2272832A1
2628-EP2272849A1
2628-EP2272935A1
2628-EP2274983A1
2628-EP2275403A1
2628-EP2275407A1
2628-EP2275411A2
2628-EP2275469A1
2628-EP2277878A1
2628-EP2280005A1
2628-EP2280009A1
2628-EP2281810A1
2628-EP2281812A1
2628-EP2284148A1
2628-EP2284165A1
2628-EP2286915A2
2628-EP2287153A1
2628-EP2287159A1
2628-EP2287940A1
2628-EP2289868A1
2628-EP2289884A1
2628-EP2289893A1
2628-EP2289897A1
2628-EP2289965A1
2628-EP2292592A1
2628-EP2292593A2
2628-EP2292599A1
2628-EP2292606A1
2628-EP2295407A1
2628-EP2295438A1
2628-EP2298736A1
2628-EP2298763A1
2628-EP2298767A1
2628-EP2298828A1
2628-EP2299326A1
2628-EP2301918A1
2628-EP2301919A1
2628-EP2301924A1
2628-EP2301983A1
2628-EP2302003A1
2628-EP2305655A2
2628-EP2305658A1
2628-EP2305668A1
2628-EP2308838A1
2628-EP2308848A1
2628-EP2308851A1
2628-EP2308857A1
2628-EP2308858A1
2628-EP2308883A1
2628-EP2308926A1
2628-EP2309564A1
2628-EP2311807A1
2628-EP2311815A1
2628-EP2311816A1
2628-EP2311817A1
2628-EP2314558A1
2628-EP2314583A1
2628-EP2316824A1
2628-EP2316832A1
2628-EP2316833A1
2628-EP2316836A1
2628-EP2371805A1
2628-EP2377845A1
C00414
22788-EP2270011A1
22788-EP2272517A1
22788-EP2272817A1
22788-EP2272822A1
22788-EP2272832A1
22788-EP2272935A1
22788-EP2275398A1
22788-EP2275401A1
22788-EP2275409A1
22788-EP2275469A1
22788-EP2277867A2
22788-EP2280003A2
22788-EP2280009A1
22788-EP2280010A2
22788-EP2281817A1
22788-EP2287940A1
22788-EP2289887A2
22788-EP2289888A2
22788-EP2289895A1
22788-EP2289965A1
22788-EP2292592A1
22788-EP2292597A1
22788-EP2292606A1
22788-EP2292611A1
22788-EP2295414A1
22788-EP2295421A1
22788-EP2295422A2
22788-EP2295436A1
22788-EP2298731A1
22788-EP2298746A1
22788-EP2298750A1
22788-EP2298767A1
22788-EP2298772A1
22788-EP2298774A1
22788-EP2298828A1
22788-EP2301921A1
22788-EP2301926A1
22788-EP2301983A1
22788-EP2305250A1
22788-EP2305633A1
22788-EP2305651A1
22788-EP2308510A1
22788-EP2308562A2
22788-EP2308839A1
22788-EP2308854A1
22788-EP2311810A1
22788-EP2313397A1
22788-EP2313398A1
22788-EP2314575A1
22788-EP2314583A1
22788-EP2314587A1
22788-EP2315502A1
22788-EP2371810A1
78030-EP2272846A1
78030-EP2275422A1
78030-EP2277868A1
78030-EP2277869A1
78030-EP2277870A1
78030-EP2287158A1
78030-EP2292608A1
78030-EP2298076A1
78030-EP2298077A1
78030-EP2298762A2
78030-EP2301353A1
78030-EP2305031A1
78030-EP2305033A1
78030-EP2305034A1
78030-EP2305035A1
78030-EP2308866A1
78030-EP2371823A1
78030-EP2374791A1
Cyclohexanone, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
Q409178
J-520160
F0001-0185
Z955123528
CYCLOHEXANONE

Cyclohexanone is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct, somewhat sweet odor.
Cyclohexanone is a cyclic ketone, featuring a six-membered carbon ring with a carbonyl group.
Cyclohexanone has a molecular formula of C₆H₁₀O and a molar mass of approximately 98.15 g/mol.
Cyclohexanone is miscible with common organic solvents but has limited solubility in water.

CAS Number: 108-94-1
EC Number: 203-631-1



APPLICATIONS


Cyclohexanone is a crucial intermediate in the production of adipic acid, a key component in the manufacture of nylon-6,6.
Cyclohexanone serves as a solvent in the production of paints, coatings, and varnishes, facilitating the dissolution of resins.

Cyclohexanone is utilized in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, transforming ketones into esters or lactones.
Cyclohexanone is a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, including certain analgesics and antipyretics.

Cyclohexanone plays a pivotal role in the production of caprolactam, a monomer used in the synthesis of nylon-6.
As a solvent, cyclohexanone is employed in the formulation of adhesives and rubber cements.

In the rubber industry, it is utilized as a softening agent and solvent for rubber and elastomers.
Cyclohexanone is involved in the manufacturing of plasticizers, which enhance the flexibility of plastics.
Cyclohexanone serves as a reactant in the synthesis of pesticides and agricultural chemicals.
Cyclohexanone is used in the production of cyclohexanone oxime, a precursor in the synthesis of caprolactam.

Cyclohexanone is applied in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates, including cyclohexanone derivatives.
As a solvent in the ink industry, it helps dissolve resins and pigments for printing applications.
Cyclohexanone is employed in the synthesis of fragrance compounds used in perfumes and personal care products.

Cyclohexanone participates in the preparation of specialty chemicals and high-performance polymers.
In the synthesis of epoxy resins, it acts as a precursor in certain reactions.
Cyclohexanone is used in the extraction and purification of certain metals in metallurgical processes.

Cyclohexanone is employed in the formulation of certain cleaning agents and degreasers due to its solvent properties.
Cyclohexanone finds application in the production of corrosion inhibitors for metal protection.
In the flavor and fragrance industry, it contributes to the creation of specific aroma compounds.
Cyclohexanone is utilized in the manufacture of photographic chemicals, including developers and fixatives.

Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of specialty resins and polymer materials.
As a solvent in the textile industry, it aids in the dyeing and finishing processes.

Cyclohexanone is involved in the production of antioxidants for use in various applications.
Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of certain UV absorbers for sunscreens and protective coatings.
Cyclohexanone serves as a reactant in the preparation of fuel and lubricant additives for improved performance.

In the production of cyclohexanone oxime, it is a key precursor for caprolactam, which is integral to the production of nylon-6 fibers and plastics.
Cyclohexanone is employed as a solvent in the formulation of lacquers, ensuring even and smooth coatings on various surfaces.

Cyclohexanone serves as a reactant in the synthesis of cyclohexylbenzene, a compound used in the production of perfumes and fragrances.
As a solvent for cellulose esters, it is used in the manufacturing of celluloid and other film materials.
Cyclohexanone finds application in the production of pharmaceuticals, including antihistamines and muscle relaxants.

Cyclohexanone is utilized in the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors to protect metal surfaces in various industrial applications.
In the rubber industry, Cyclohexanone is involved in the production of neoprene, a versatile synthetic rubber.

Cyclohexanone is used as a solvent in the extraction of essential oils and flavors from plant materials.
The compound is employed in the formulation of insecticides and pesticides, contributing to pest control in agriculture.
In the electronics industry, it is used as a solvent for the manufacturing of certain electronic components and devices.

Cyclohexanone is a key component in the production of polycarbonate resins, which are used in the manufacture of optical discs and eyewear.
As a cleaning agent, it is utilized in the removal of grease and contaminants from machinery and industrial equipment.
Cyclohexanone is applied in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, contributing to the development of therapeutic drugs.

Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of antioxidants that protect materials from oxidative degradation.
In the agrochemical industry, it plays a role in the production of herbicides and fungicides for crop protection.

Cyclohexanone is employed in the preparation of certain dyes and pigments used in the textile and printing industries.
Cyclohexanone is used in the manufacture of epoxy resins, contributing to the production of durable and adhesive materials.
As a raw material in the production of specialty chemicals, it facilitates the creation of unique and advanced compounds.

Cyclohexanone is used in the formulation of brake fluids and hydraulic fluids due to its compatibility with certain materials.
Cyclohexanone is applied in the synthesis of antioxidants for use in food packaging and preservation.
In the automotive industry, it is used in the production of certain polymer materials for interior components.
Cyclohexanone is employed as a processing aid in the production of certain plastics, enhancing their molding and extrusion properties.

Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of resins for the production of composite materials in aerospace applications.
As a reactant in the production of specialty polymers, it contributes to the development of high-performance materials.
Cyclohexanone is applied in the formulation of ink and printing solutions, ensuring quality and stability in printing processes.

Cyclohexanone is employed in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical intermediates used in the production of antibiotics.
In the aerospace industry, it is used in the formulation of specialty coatings and adhesives for aircraft components.
As a component in the production of epoxy resins, cyclohexanone contributes to the manufacturing of high-strength composite materials.

Cyclohexanone is utilized in the formulation of printing inks, providing a stable and effective medium for various printing applications.
Cyclohexanone is employed in the manufacturing of magnetic tapes and other recording media in the electronics sector.

Cyclohexanone is a key ingredient in the production of certain plasticizers, enhancing the flexibility of polymers in various applications.
In the synthesis of lubricant additives, cyclohexanone contributes to the improvement of the lubricating properties of oils.
Cyclohexanone is used in the formulation of specialty adhesives and sealants, ensuring strong and durable bonds in construction and automotive applications.

Cyclohexanone is applied in the production of flame retardants, contributing to the safety of textiles and materials in fire-prone environments.
In the manufacturing of flavor and fragrance compounds, it imparts unique characteristics to a wide range of consumer products.
Cyclohexanone is used in the production of certain plastic foams, contributing to insulation materials in construction and packaging.

Cyclohexanone is involved in the synthesis of certain corrosion-resistant coatings for metals in marine and industrial applications.
In the production of certain reactive dyes, it plays a role in the textile industry for coloring fabrics and fibers.

Cyclohexanone is utilized in the synthesis of specialty polymers used in the development of medical devices and implants.
Cyclohexanone is applied in the formulation of certain detergents and cleaning agents, contributing to effective stain removal.
In the production of specialty resins for 3D printing, cyclohexanone facilitates the creation of customized and high-performance parts.
Cyclohexanone is involved in the synthesis of plastic materials used in the automotive industry for interior components and panels.

Cyclohexanone is used in the manufacturing of certain agricultural chemicals, aiding in pest control and crop protection.
In the synthesis of rubber accelerators, cyclohexanone contributes to the improvement of the vulcanization process in rubber production.

Cyclohexanone is applied in the production of certain photochemicals used in photovoltaic cells and solar energy applications.
Cyclohexanone is used as a processing aid in the production of certain food packaging materials to enhance their performance and properties.
In the synthesis of certain antioxidants, cyclohexanone contributes to the protection of materials against oxidative degradation.
Cyclohexanone is employed in the formulation of certain fuel additives, improving combustion efficiency and engine performance.

Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of certain resinous materials for the production of coated papers and packaging materials.
In the electronics industry, cyclohexanone is used in the cleaning and degreasing of electronic components and circuit boards.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclohexanone is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct, somewhat sweet odor.
Cyclohexanone is a cyclic ketone, featuring a six-membered carbon ring with a carbonyl group.

Cyclohexanone has a molecular formula of C₆H₁₀O and a molar mass of approximately 98.15 g/mol.
Cyclohexanone is miscible with common organic solvents but has limited solubility in water.
Cyclohexanone is synthesized through the oxidation of cyclohexane, a process commonly known as air oxidation.

Cyclohexanone is often used as a solvent for resins, lacquers, and varnishes due to its excellent dissolving properties.
Cyclohexanone has applications in the production of nylon, caprolactam, and adipic acid, key components in the polymer industry.

Cyclohexanone serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and agricultural chemicals.
The liquid form of cyclohexanone has a slightly oily feel and evaporates easily.

Cyclohexanone exhibits reactivity in various chemical transformations, including reduction and oxidation reactions.
Cyclohexanone is known for its use in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, a method converting ketones into esters or lactones.

Cyclohexanone is a precursor in the synthesis of caprolactam, a monomer used in the production of nylon-6.
Cyclohexanone undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions due to the electron-rich nature of the cyclohexane ring.
Cyclohexanone is susceptible to reduction reactions, converting the carbonyl group to a secondary alcohol.
Cyclohexanone is flammable, and appropriate precautions should be taken during handling and storage.

The odor of cyclohexanone is noticeable even at low concentrations, making it easily detectable.
Cyclohexanone is commonly used as a building block in the synthesis of various organic compounds in laboratory settings.

Cyclohexanone can act as a Lewis base, donating electrons to electron-deficient species in chemical reactions.
In the presence of suitable catalysts, it can participate in hydrogenation reactions to yield cyclohexanol.
Cyclohexanone has a boiling point of around 155-156 degrees Celsius, contributing to its application in various processes.

Cyclohexanone is a valuable solvent in the paint and coating industry due to its ability to dissolve various resins.
Cyclohexanone exhibits moderate volatility, facilitating its use in processes requiring controlled evaporation rates.

Cyclohexanone is listed on various chemical regulatory databases, including REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals).
Cyclohexanone is used in the production of cyclohexanone oxime, an important intermediate in the synthesis of caprolactam.
Cyclohexanone is subject to occupational exposure limits, and proper safety measures should be followed to minimize risks during handling.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₀O
Molecular Weight: Approximately 98.15 g/mol
Physical State: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Characteristic, somewhat sweet odor
Melting Point: 0.3 °C
Boiling Point: 155-156 °C
Density: 0.947 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Miscible with common organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: 0.67 mmHg at 25 °C


Chemical Properties:

Functional Group: Ketone (C=O)
Reactivity: Participates in various chemical reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and electrophilic substitution.
Flammability: Flammable liquid; should be handled with appropriate precautions.
Acidity/Basicity: Neutral pH in water; does not exhibit strong acidity or basicity.
Hydrogen Bonding: Exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of the carbonyl group.


Miscellaneous Properties:

Biodegradability: Cyclohexanone is biodegradable under aerobic conditions.
Flash Point: 43 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 445 °C
Viscosity: Low viscosity as a liquid
Electrical Conductivity: Generally low electrical conductivity.
Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but may undergo decomposition at elevated temperatures.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhaled, promptly move the affected person to an area with fresh air.

Provide Artificial Respiration:
If breathing is difficult or has stopped, provide artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Administer Oxygen:
If trained personnel are available, administer oxygen if breathing difficulties persist.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Quickly remove any contaminated clothing to prevent further skin contact.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Rinse the affected skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use a mild soap if available.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Provide information about the nature and extent of exposure to healthcare professionals.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes Immediately:
Rinse the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring the eyelids are held open to facilitate rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If applicable, remove contact lenses after the initial flushing and continue rinsing.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.
Provide information about the substance to healthcare professionals.


Ingestion:

DO NOT Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse the mouth with water if the person has ingested cyclohexanone.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide healthcare professionals with information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid:

Provide Comfort:
Keep the affected person calm and reassure them.

Never Use Unapproved Substances:
Do not attempt to neutralize cyclohexanone with other substances unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.

Medical Attention:
In all cases of exposure or ingestion, seek prompt medical attention.
Bring the safety data sheet (SDS) or information about the chemical with you to aid healthcare professionals.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, to prevent skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation exposure.
Ensure the equipment complies with relevant standards and regulations.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area.
Use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations, especially in confined spaces.
Avoid the inhalation of vapors by maintaining proper ventilation.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact with cyclohexanone.
In case of contact, follow the recommended first aid measures.
Do not ingest the substance.

Handling Precautions:
Handle cyclohexanone with caution and follow good laboratory or industrial practices.
Prevent the release of dust, vapors, or aerosols.
Use closed systems where feasible.

Spill and Leak Response:
In the event of a spill, contain and absorb the substance using appropriate absorbent materials.
Wear protective equipment during cleanup, and dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations.

Equipment Inspection:
Regularly inspect and maintain equipment used for handling cyclohexanone to ensure its integrity and prevent leaks or spills.
Replace damaged or malfunctioning equipment promptly.

Prohibited Activities:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling cyclohexanone.
Avoid activities that may generate dust, vapors, or aerosols.

Waste Disposal:
Dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.
Consult with authorities for proper disposal methods.
Recycle or reclaim cyclohexanone whenever possible.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that emergency equipment, such as eye wash stations and safety showers, is readily available and functioning.


Storage:

Storage Location:
Store cyclohexanone in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials.
Use dedicated storage areas for flammable liquids, adhering to local regulations.

Temperature Control:
Store in a location where temperatures are controlled and do not exceed recommended limits.
Prevent exposure to extreme temperatures and sources of heat or ignition.

Containers:
Use containers made of compatible materials for storage, such as stainless steel or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and minimize evaporation.

Compatibility:
Store cyclohexanone away from incompatible substances, including strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidizing agents.
Segregate from reactive materials to prevent undesired reactions.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the chemical name, hazard information, and handling precautions.
Ensure all containers are properly marked and identifiable.

Segregation:
Segregate cyclohexanone from other chemicals to prevent cross-contamination.
Follow proper storage practices outlined in regulatory guidelines.

Accessibility:
Ensure easy access to emergency response equipment and exits in the storage area.
Maintain clear pathways and emergency signage.

Fire Prevention:
Keep cyclohexanone away from heat sources, open flames, and ignition sources.
Store away from combustible materials.



SYNONYMS


Pimelic ketone
Ketohexamethylene
Anon
Adipic ketone
Oxocyclohexane
Capron ketone
Ketocyclohexane
Aton C
Hexanon
Cykloheksanon (Polish)
AN 21
NSC 57152
Rcra waste number U057
FEMA 3667
UN 1915
RCRA waste no. U057
Benzene, hexahydro-, ketone
NSC 93822
BRN 1802244
CCRIS 7533
NSC 20712
Benzene, hexahydro-, oxo-
FEMA no. 3667
4-05-00-02311 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Cyclohexyl ketone
Hexahydrobenzaldehyde
Oxohexamethylene
Anone
Hexan-2-one
Hexanon
Adipophenone
Cyclohexyl methyl ketone
Hexahydrocyclohexanone
Caproin
1-Cyclohexanone
Ketocyclohexane
Adipoketone
Pimelic acid ketone
2-Oxocyclohexane
Hexyl ketone
Ketocyclohexane
RCRA waste number U075
FEMA no. 2687
Cyclohexane-2-one
2-Cyclohexanone
Oxo-hexahydrobenzene
NSC 7829
BRN 1751586
Cyclohexane, ketone
FEMA no. 2719
Hexahydrocyclohexyl ketone
Anon C
Capron
2-Oxocyclohexanone
2-Cyclohexyl ketone
Ketohexamethylene
2-Oxocyclohexane
UNII-IR859RPR9Z
FEMA No. 2719
FEMA No. 2827
FEMA No. 4576
FEMA No. 4599
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
Cyclohexasiloxane clear, odorless liquid acts as a light and volatile carrier ingredient that imparts a silky, non-greasy feel to skin care and hair care formulations.
Cyclohexasiloxane enhances product spreadability, aids in quick absorption, and provides a smooth, matte finish.
The chemical formula of Cyclohexasiloxane is C12H36O6Si6.

CAS Number: 540976
Molecular Formula: C12H36O6Si6
Molecular Weight: 444.92
EINECS Number: 2087628

Cyclohexasiloxane is a silicone-based compound frequently used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is often utilized alongside other silicones like cyclopentasiloxane to improve the overall texture and performance of cosmetic products.
While cyclopentasiloxane is also commonly used, the choice between the two depends on the specific formulation and desired properties, making them valuable tools in cosmetic science.

Cyclohexasiloxane, also known as D6 or simply 'siloxane,' is a chemical compound belonging to the class of organosilicon compounds.
Cyclohexasiloxane is a cyclic siloxane molecule composed of six silicon (Si) atoms alternately bonded to oxygen (O) atoms, forming a ring structure.
The chemical formula for cyclohexasiloxane is typically represented as (SiO1.5)6.

Cyclohexasiloxane is a common ingredient in skincare and body care products, used to improve the texture of formulations.
While the texture is usually a sensory aspect of the product, in the case of cyclohexasiloxane, it helps the product to be evenly distributed so the key ingredients can improve the skin.
Cyclohexasiloxane also has the added benefit of acting as a protective barrier to the skin, protecting the skin from moisture loss, allergens, and bacteria.

Cyclohexasiloxane is a type of silicone.
Silicones are synthetic polymers with a backbone composed of repeating units of siloxane, which is why silicones may also be referred to as polysiloxanes.
Siloxane is made up of elemental silicon and oxygen.

Often, the terms 'silicone' and 'silicon' are mistakenly used interchangeably, when they are quite different.
Silicon is the 14th element on the periodic table and the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust after oxygen.
In contrast, silicones are always synthetically produced.

Cyclohexasiloxane is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclohexasiloxane, also known as D6, is an industrial chemical.
Cyclohexasiloxane is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and/or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1,000 to < 10,000 tonnes per annum.

Cyclohexasiloxane is a clear colorless liquid.
There is no known natural source of Cyclohexasiloxane.
Cyclohexasiloxane, also known as cyclohexasiloxane or D6, belongs to a group of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) with relatively low molecular weight (< 600 g/mol) and high vapor pressure.

Cyclohexasiloxane contains six repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a 'cyclic' structure.
The cyclosiloxanes octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and Cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cVMS) substances with four, five, and six siloxane groups, respectively.
A siloxane is a functional group in organosilicon chemistry with the Si−O−Si linkage.

The parent siloxanes include the oligomeric and polymeric hydrides with the formulae H(OSiH2)nOH and (OSiH2)n.
Siloxanes also include branched compounds, the defining feature of which is that each pair of silicon centres is separated by one oxygen atom.
The siloxane functional group forms the backbone of silicones, the premier example of which is polydimethylsiloxane.

The functional group R3SiO− (where the three Rs may be different) is called siloxy.
Cyclosiloxanes are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials.
All silicone materials share a common chemistry but each substance is different with regard to its properties and use.

D4, D5, and Cyclohexasiloxane are the three cyclosiloxanes in commercial production, and their use has been proven safe for human health and the environment.
Cyclohexasiloxane is part of a family of small silicones called Cyclohexasiloxane.
Cyclohexasiloxane are clear, odorless liquids utilized in skincare products to give your skincare a smooth texture that allows the product’s key ingredients to be delivered evenly to the skin.

Cyclohexasiloxane are part of the silicone family and are used in a similar way to dimethicone, which you may be familiar with.
Cyclohexasiloxane help smooth the texture of products, improve the appearance of scarring, increase the waterresistance abilities of formulations, and emulsify the product.
Cyclohexasiloxane are also better at delivering active ingredients to the skin as they are more volatile than larger silicones and slowly evaporate from the skin.

When Cyclohexasiloxane disappear, they leave behind the formulation’s key ingredients.
Cyclohexasiloxane are also known as Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, different names for the same class of molecules.
Cyclohexasiloxane, more commonly known as Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, contains six repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a cyclic structure.

When used as an intermediate during the manufacturing process, virtually all Cyclohexasiloxane is consumed with only a tiny amount remaining in final products.
Cyclohexasiloxane’s structure forms a ring which makes it more volatile or less stable.
This instability allows cyclohexasiloxane to evaporate when applied to your skin readily.

This characteristic makes cyclohexasiloxane a great ingredient for improving the spreadability of products and ensuring they don’t remain sticky after application.
Cyclohexasiloxane gradually evaporates from the skin, leaving behind the other key components in the product to improve the appearance of the skin.
This action of evaporation makes it an excellent carrier ingredient.

Cyclohexasiloxane belonging to the class of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes is identified as a potent environmental contaminant, most prominently found in biota, biosolid samples, soil, sediment samples, wastewaters, etc.
Cyclohexasiloxane are used as fragrance carriers or solvents in household products, personal care products, cleaning agents and as precursors in the manufacture of silicone polymers.

Cyclohexasiloxane is synthetically produced through a chemical process known as cyclotetramerization, where the precursor compound is subjected to high temperatures and catalysts to form the cyclic structure.
This process involves the controlled arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms to create the cyclohexasiloxane molecule (D6).
The resulting clear, volatile liquid is then purified for use in cosmetics.

A lightfeeling, volatile (meaning it does not absorb into the skin but evaporates from it) silicone that gives skin a unique, silky and nongreasy feel.
Cyclohexasiloxane has excellent spreading properties and leaves no oily residue or buildup.
Cyclohexasiloxane is one of several forms of synthetic, cyclic (meaning the molecule is circular rather than straight or crosslinked) silicone used in cosmetic formulas to improve texture and enhance skin’s hydration.

Cyclohexasiloxane helps give skin care products a silkysmooth, spreadable consistency, so key ingredients can be delivered evenly to skin.
Cyclohexasiloxane is also known to promote aesthetically pleasing finishes that don’t feel sticky, tacky or greasy after application.
In hair care, it is used to add shine and reduce frizz.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or repacking, at industrial sites, and in manufacturing.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Cyclohexasiloxane is likely to occur from: indoor use as a processing aid and outdoor use as a processing aid.

Cyclohexasiloxane can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.
When Cyclohexasiloxane is used as an intermediate during the manufacturing process, virtually all Cyclohexasiloxane is consumed with only a tiny amount remaining in final products.
Cyclohexasiloxane can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and sunscreen, where Cyclohexasiloxane may be labeled 'Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane'.

Cyclohexasiloxane imparts several benefits in personal care formulations, such as silkiness for conditioners, extra volume in lip glosses, and easy application in deodorants.
This product has a Cyclohexasiloxane content of 94%.
Cyclosiloxanes are used in the manufacture of silicones, in combination or alone in personal care products, and as carriers, lubricants, and solvents in a variety of commercial applications.

Their use in cosmetics is one of their most important applications.
D5 and Cyclohexasiloxane are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, hair and skin conditioning ingredients, and solvents.
The ingredients can be used in hair conditioning products where the product is washed off when used or in skincare products, personal deodorants, and color cosmetics where the product is left on the skin.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, and semiconductors.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following areas: health services and formulation of mixtures and/or repackaging.
Cyclohexasiloxane is found or used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products.

Cyclohexasiloxane is a silicone-based emollient.
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products, Cyclohexasiloxane can be used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclohexasiloxanes are used as fragrance carriers or solvents in household products, personal care products, cleaning agents, and as precursors in the manufacture of silicone polymers.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is Used in dermal exposure.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in cosmetic and personal care products.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
The most important worldwide use of Cyclohexasiloxane is as an ingredient in the formulation of personal care products and as an intermediate in the production of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) silicone polymers.
The predominant use of Cyclohexasiloxane worldwide and in Canada is in blending and formulating consumer products and manufacturing silicone polymers.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants and deodorants.
Biomedical uses of silicones include medical devices, blood-handling equipment, as a blood defoaming agent, as protective barriers, lubricants, and as surface treatment of wound dressings.
Silicone fluids containing Cyclohexasiloxane have also been approved as active and nonactive ingredients in pharmaceuticals in Canada, the most common use being in antiflatulence drugs.

Cyclohexasiloxane is also used in industrial processes (as a defoamer, surfactant in certain pesticide products); in lubricants, cleaning products, sealants, adhesives, waxes, polishes, and coatings.
Siloxanes are manmade and have many commercial and industrial applications because of the compounds’ hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity, and high flexibility.
Cyclohexasiloxane is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production silicone rubbers, gels, and resins.

Cyclohexasiloxane can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants, where D6 Siloxane may be labeled Cyclohexasiloxane.
In personal care products, cyclosiloxanes act as 'carriers,' allowing products to spread smoothly and easily and providing a silky feel during application.
Cyclohexasiloxane is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production silicone rubbers, gels, and resins.

As a raw material, cyclohexasiloxane is a colourless liquid.
Cyclohexasiloxane is described as a lightweight carrier ingredient since it evaporates from skin, leaving behind the formula’s key ingredients to work effectively.
This ingredient has been deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (their report looked at products using between 0.000448% cyclohexasiloxane).

Cyclohexasiloxane, as a silicone, improves the feel, appearance, and performance of skincare and cosmetic formulations.
Cyclohexasiloxane is a multifunctional ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.
Cyclohexasiloxane helps to produce an even, smooth formulation that allows the product to spread evenly over the skin.

Cyclohexasiloxane prevents the product from catching on dry skin patches and evens skin tone by gliding over pores and wrinkles.
Cyclohexasiloxane ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in your product.

Melting point: 3°C
Boiling point: 245 °C
Density: 0,959 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 4.7Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4015
Flash point: >76°C
storage temp.: 28°C
solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: liquid
color: Colourless
Specific Gravity: 0.9672
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Viscosity: 5.6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 5.1μg/L at 23℃
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,3403
Stability: Hygroscopic
LogP: 8.87 at 23.6℃

Cyclomethicone (mixture) and the specific chain length cyclic siloxanes (n = 47) reviewed in this safety assessment are cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds.
These ingredients have the skin/hair conditioning agent function in common.
Silicone compounds D4 (cyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (cyclopentasiloxane), and Cyclohexasiloxane are often found in personal care products and flow into the environment along with wastewater.

They are also important source materials for certain silicones and are often found as residues in finished products.
Basic members of the broad family of silicone materials, all cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), and Cyclohexasiloxane are volatile oils with a cyclic chemical structure and various properties.
They are widely used because of the smooth and refreshing feeling they create.

They are usually present in cosmetic products (makeup, cream, deodorant, etc.) and more widely in certain cleaning products or paints.
Organosiloxanes are widely used in personal care products because they provide desirable properties in cosmetic products.
These compounds are octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D5), and Cyclohexasiloxane (D6).

These compounds are cyclic methyl siloxane substances containing four, five, and six siloxane groups, respectively, and they have a mild and refreshing effect in cosmetic products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is a volatile substance due to its ringshaped structure.
This allows it to evaporate from the skin, leaving behind the product’s ‘active’ ingredients to work their magic.

Cyclohexasiloxane also helps to reduce the heaviness of other silicone ingredients.
Synthetic ingredients often have a bad reputation in the skincare world as they are considered not natural.
This plays into the idea that natural is always better, which isn’t always true.

Synthetic ingredients are usually safer than their plant or animalderived counterparts as they contain fewer impurities and are less complex, making them less likely to irritate.
They are also better for the environment as it doesn’t deplete a natural resource.
Cyclohexasiloxane, along with other Cyclohexasiloxane, were analyzed in a study published in Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclohexasiloxane’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.

Cyclohexasiloxane is colorless, odorless, nongreasy, and waterthin.
Cyclohexasiloxane doesn’t get absorbed into the skin. Rather, it evaporates quickly away from it.

This property makes it a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclohexasiloxane also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.

Uses
Cyclohexasiloxane used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclohexasiloxane can be used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

The compound is classified as a Cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays, and skin care products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

Cyclohexasiloxane is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclohexasiloxane is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products, approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.

10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclohexasiloxane in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to be 30,000 tonnes per year.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

Cyclohexasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclohexasiloxane is also used as part of siliconebased personal lubricants. D5 is considered an emollient.
Cyclohexasiloxane is commonly used in cosmetics, skincare products, and hair care products as a lightweight, volatile silicone.

Cyclohexasiloxane can improve the texture and spreadability of creams and lotions, providing a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used as a lubricant and anti-foaming agent in industrial processes and machinery.
Cyclohexasiloxane may be used in certain pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery systems.

Cyclohexasiloxane serves as a precursor in the synthesis of more complex silicone compounds and polymers, which have a wide range of industrial applications.
Cyclohexasiloxane can be used as a solvent in chemical reactions, especially those involving silicon-based compounds.
Cyclohexasiloxane can be used in the production of silicone-based polymers, sealants, and coatings due to its ability to crosslink and provide flexibility and resistance to heat and moisture.

Cyclohexasiloxane serves as an excellent carrier for other active ingredients in a formulation, aiding in their penetration into the skin.
Its lightweight and noncomedogenic nature makes it ideal for moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, providing a silky, smooth texture without clogging pores.
By creating a breathable barrier on the skin's surface, Cyclohexasiloxane helps in reducing water loss, enhancing hydration, and promoting a soft, supple complexion.

Cyclohexasiloxane contributes to smoother and more manageable hair.
Cyclohexasiloxane is commonly found in hair serums and conditioners, where it helps detangle and reduce frizz, resulting in silky, lustrous locks.
Due to its low viscosity, it spreads easily through the hair without leaving a heavy or greasy residue.

Cyclohexasiloxane also provides heat protection, making it beneficial for use with styling tools, such as flat irons and hairdryers, while minimizing damage and maintaining a sleek, polished appearance
Cyclohexasiloxane is found or used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products.
The predominant use of Cyclohexasiloxane worldwide and in Canada is in blending and formulating consumer products and manufacturing silicone polymers.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants and deodorants.
Biomedical uses of silicones include medical devices, bloodhandling equipment, as a blood defoaming agent, as protective barriers, lubricants and as surface treatment of wound dressings.
Silicone fluids containing D6 have also been approved as active and nonactive ingredients in pharmaceuticals in Canada, the most common use being in antiflatulence drugs.

Cyclohexasiloxane is also used in industrial processes (as a defoamer, surfactant in certain pesticide products); in lubricants, cleaning products, sealants, adhesives, waxes, polishes and coatings.
Cyclohexasiloxane is not currently manufactured in Canada; however, it is imported into Canada.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following products: polymers, washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals and polishes and waxes.

Cyclohexasiloxane has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexasiloxane can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Safety And Environmental Considerations Of CYCLOHEXASILOXANE:
Cyclohexasiloxane is considered safe for cosmetic use when used as directed.
Cyclohexasiloxane has a low potential for skin irritation and is noncomedogenic, making it suitable for most skin types.

However, like many cosmetic ingredients, some individuals with hypersensitive skin may experience mild irritation.
A patch test is recommended prior to full application.

The environmental impacts of Cyclohexasiloxane and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane Cyclohexasiloxane does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant.

However, in the European Union, Cyclohexasiloxane was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.
Since 31 January 2020, Cyclohexasiloxane cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in washoff cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight

Synonyms
Cyclohexasiloxane
540976
Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl
Cyclomethicone 6
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12dodecamethyl1,3,5,7,9,11hexaoxa2,4,6,8,10,12hexasilacyclododecane
XHK3U310BA
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12Cyclohexasiloxane
EINECS 2087628
UNIIXHK3U310BA
HSDB 7723
EC 2087628
dodecamethyl cyclohexasiloxane
SCHEMBL93785
XIAMETER PMX0246
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE [INCI]
DTXSID6027183
IUMSDRXLFWAGNTUHFFFAOYSA
CHEBI:191103
IUMSDRXLFWAGNTUHFFFAOYSAN
CYCLOMETHICONE 6 [USPRS]
MFCD00144215
AKOS015839990
FS5671
Cyclohexasiloxane [MI]
Cyclohexasiloxane [HSDB]
D2040
Cyclohexasiloxane [WHODD]
FT0625566
S08515
T71035
Cyclohexasiloxane, analytical standard
A914553
Q27293843
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12Cyclohexasiloxane #
Cyclohexasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12dodecamethyl
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12Cyclohexasiloxane, 95%
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12Cyclohexasiloxane, AldrichCPR
Cyclomethicone 6, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12dodecamethyl1,3,5,7,9,11hexaoxa2,4,6,8,10,12hexa
D6
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
Formaldehyde reaction products with branched nonylphenol and cyclohexylamine, ethoxylated CAS No:104376-68-3
CYCLOHEXYL AMINE ETHOXYLATED 
Cyclohexanamine; Aminocyclohexane; CHA; Cyclohexylamine; Hexahydrobenzenamine; Aminohexahydrobenzene; Hexahydroaniline; 1-Aminocyclohexane; 1-Cyclohexylamine CAS NO:108-91-8; 143247-75-0; 157973-60-
CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS)
DESCRIPTION:
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a rubber cure accelerator.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is also a known allergen and dermatological sensitizer.
Sensitivity to Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) may be identified with a clinical patch test.

CAS: 95-33-0
European Community (EC) Number: 202-411-2
IUPAC Name: N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine
Molecular Formula: C13H16N2S2


SYNONYMS OF CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS):
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide,N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,thiohexam,95-33-0,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,Thiohexam,Sulfenax,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide,Accelerator CZ,Vulkacit CZ,Santocure,Curax,Durax,Sulfenamide Ts,Santocure Powder,Sulfenax TsB,Vulkacite CZ,Sulfenax CB,Santocure Pellets,Vulcafor CBS,Conac A,Conac S,Delac S,Ekagom CBS,Royal CBTS,Rhodifax 16,Sulfenax CB 30,Vulcafor hbs,Soxinol cz,Vulkacit c,Sulfenax cb/k,Vulkacit cz/c,Vulkacit cz/k,Nocceler CZ,Accicure HBS,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,Pennac CBS,Sanceler CM-PO,2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole,2,Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-,Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide,N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide,Cyclohexyl benzothiazolesulfenamide,N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine,Santocure vulcanization accelerator,CBTS,N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide,2-Benzenethiazolesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-,UCA53G94EV,DTXSID5020360,NSC-4809,S-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-cyclohexylthiohydroxylamine,NCGC00159502-02,N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylthio)cyclohexanamine,Conac H,DTXCID50360,NSC 4809; Nocceler CZ; Accelerator CZ; Accicure HBS,Sufenax cb,CAS-95-33-0,SMR001798878,CCRIS 4910,HSDB 2868,NSC 4809,EINECS 202-411-2,UNII-UCA53G94EV,BRN 0192376,AI3-16782,Vulkacit cz/eg,Perkacit CBS,Akrochem CBTS,Ekaland CBS,Sanceler CM-G,Banac CBS,Vulkacit CZ/EG-C,CBS, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,EC 202-411-2,SCHEMBL80270,4-27-00-01867 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),MLS004773968,MLS006010082,CHEMBL1591074,DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-,NSC4809,Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulphenamide,Cyclohexylbenzothiazolylsulphenamide,Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide,N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazoylsulfenamide,N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulphenamide,Tox21_111721,Tox21_202436,Tox21_302924,MFCD00022872,AKOS003658709,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzthiazyl sulfenamide,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzthiazyl sulfonamide,DB14200,HY-W020755,WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSM- AL6TJ,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfonamide,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide,NCGC00159502-03,NCGC00159502-04,NCGC00256366-01,NCGC00259985-01,AS-15575,N-CYCLOHEXYLBENZOTHIAZYL-SULPHENAMIDE,CS-0040170,FT-0631486,E80913,EN300-7402242,2-(CYCLOHEXYLAMINOTHIO)BENZOTHIAZOLE [HSDB],Q4445828,W-100165,BRD-K64191834-001-03-1,S-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-cyclohexylthiohydroxylamine,S-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-cyclohexylthiohydroxylamine #,[(3aS,4R,9S,10aS)-2-amino-5,10,10-trihydroxy-6-imino-9-sulfooxy-3a,4,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]purin-4-yl]methoxycarbonylsulfamic acid,InChI=1/C13H16N2S2/c1-2-6-10(7-3-1)15-17-13-14-11-8-4-5-9-12(11)16-13/h4-5,8-10,15H,1-3,6-7H2, N,N'-bis-(1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulfenamide; CBTS, CBS; Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulfenamide; N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide; Santocure; N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl) 1,4-benzenediamine; N,N-di(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; eastozone 33; eastozone; tenamene; santoflex 77; Vulkanox 4030, 2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole;Accelerator CZ;AccicureHBS;Banac CBS;Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide;CBS;CBS (accelerator);CBTS;Conac A;Conac S;Delac S;Ekagom CBS;N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide;N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulphenamide;N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide;N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide;NSC 4809;Nocceler CZ-G;Nocceler CZ-P;Pennac CBS;Rhodifax 16;Accel CZ;2-Benzothiazolesulfenic acid N-cyclohexylamide;Sanceler CM;Royal CBTS;Sanceler CM-G;Santocure;Santocure CBS;Sulfenamide Ts;Sulfenax;SulfenaxCB;Sulfenax CB 30;Vulkacit C;Vulkacit CZ/C;Vulkacit CZ/EG;Vulkacit CZ/EG-C;


N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.
The physiologic effect of n-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity.

This is a chemical used as a rubber accelerator and can be found in rubber products.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS).


N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) holds a prominent position in the realm of organic compounds, finding extensive utilization in rubber vulcanization and as an accelerator in the rubber industry.
Derived from benzothiazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) manifests as a white, odorless crystalline powder.
The function of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) lies in its ability to expedite the vulcanization process of rubber compounds.
Acting as an activator, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the cross-linking of rubber molecules, leading to the production of a robust and enduring rubber product.
Moreover, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) heightens the reactivity between rubber molecules and sulfur, facilitating a more uniform and comprehensive vulcanization process.


USES OF CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS):
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) is used as Intermediate in organic synthesis.
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) is used as Accelerator in natural and styrene-butadienethiazyl sulfenamide rubber.
N-Cyclohexylbenzo[d]thiazole-2-sulfonamide is useful for the production of sulfur-modified chloroprene rubber.

N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide CBS (CZ) is a sulfenamide accelerator for use in the production of vulcanized rubbers, sealants and a wide range of other applications.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide is provided as a grey-white powder or granule and has a high curing rate with excellent scorching properties.



METHODS OF MANUFACTURING OF CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS):
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) is derived from the reaction of accelerator M (2-thiol benzothiazole) with cyclohexylamin added dropwise under stirring to obtain a crude product.
The solid material is separated, washed with water to neutrality, and dried below 75°C to obtain a finished product.
Raw material consumption (kg/t) accelerator M (95%) 745 cyclohexylamine (95%) 500




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS)

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS):
Molecular Weight
264.4 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
4.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
3
Exact Mass
264.07549087 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
264.07549087 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
78.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count
17
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
244
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Molecular FormulaC13H16N2S2
Average mass264.409 Da
Monoisotopic mass264.075500 Da
ChemSpider ID6962
Melting point, 93-100°C
Boiling point, 410.4±28.0 °C(Predicted)
Density, 1.31~1.34g/cm3
vapor pressure, 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index, 1.5700 (estimate)
storage temp., Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility, Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Ethyl Acetatae (Slightly)
form, Solid
pka, 0.59±0.10(Predicted)
color, Pale Yellow to Light Beige
Water Solubility, Insoluble
InChIKey, DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP, 5 at 25℃
Name, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, EINECS, 202-411-2
CAS No., 95-33-0, Density, 1.26 g/cm3
PSA, 78.46000, LogP, 4.61660
Solubility, Insoluble in water, Melting Point, 93-100 °C
Formula, C13H16N2S2, Boiling Point, 410.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight, 264.415, Flash Point, 202 °C

PSA:
78.5
XLogP3:
5.32
Appearance:
DryPowder; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals
Density:
1.27 g/cm3
Melting Point:
93-100 °C
Boiling Point:
410.4±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:
202.0±24.0 °C
Refractive Index:
1.665
Water Solubility:
INSOL IN WATER; SOL IN BENZENE



CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS)

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a crystalline compound with a pale yellow to light brown color.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is widely recognized as a key accelerator in the vulcanization process of rubber.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the mechanical properties of rubber products.

Chemical Formula: C13H16N2S2
CAS Number: 95-33-0
EC Number: 202-411-2

Synonyms: CBTS, CBS, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, Benzothiazole-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide, 2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolyl sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, 2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulphenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-sulfenamide, 2-(Cyclohexylthio)benzothiazole, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylthioformamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazolyl-2-sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-sulfenamide, Accicure HBS, Accitard, Altax, Conacure CBS, Cusal C, Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, Cyclicthiozylsulfenamide, Delac NS, Delac NS (accelerator), Ekagom CBS, Haltocur CBS, Naugex CBS, Naugex CBS (accelerator), Nocceler CZ, Nocceler CZ (vulcanization accelerator), Pennac CBS, Perkacit CBS, Perkacit CZ, Rhenogran CBS, Royal CBTS, Santocure CBS, Sancure CBS, Sirantox CZ, Thiazone C, Thiazone C (accelerator), TMTM-CBS, Tetrone A, Usaflex CZ, Usaflex CZ (accelerator), Vulkacit CZ, Vulkacit CZ (accelerator), Vulkacit NZ, Vulkafor CZ, Vulkalent CZ, Vulkalent NZ, Vulkazon CBS, Vulkazon CZ, Vulkazon NS, Vulkazit CZ, Vulkazit CZ (accelerator), Accel CBS, Accel CBS (accelerator), Aceto CT, Aceto CZ, Altax CBS, Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide, CBS (accelerator), CBS (vulcanization accelerator), Conacure CBS (accelerator)



APPLICATIONS


Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is extensively used as an accelerator in the production of rubber goods.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key component in the manufacturing of automotive tires to improve their performance and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the vulcanization process of rubber, enhancing its elasticity and strength.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is crucial in the production of conveyor belts for industrial applications, ensuring robustness and wear resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the formulation of seals and gaskets to maintain tight seals in various mechanical systems.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber hoses for automotive and industrial applications, ensuring flexibility and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in footwear, including shoes and boots, to improve their resilience.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for machinery and equipment, enhancing their mechanical properties.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a role in the manufacturing of rubberized fabrics used in rainwear and protective clothing.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in the construction of sporting goods such as balls and mats for their durability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the production of rubber coatings and linings for tanks and containers to prevent corrosion.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of industrial rubber rollers for their resistance to wear and tear.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the vulcanization of rubber used in marine applications, including boat fenders and dock bumpers.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is crucial in the production of agricultural rubber products such as hoses and belts for their resilience.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the manufacturing of rubber components for electrical insulation due to its dielectric properties.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in medical devices and equipment for its biocompatibility.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) enhances the performance of rubber seals and gaskets used in food processing equipment.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in aerospace applications for its reliability under extreme conditions.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber vibration isolators and dampeners for machinery and equipment.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the formulation of rubber components used in building construction for its durability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in mining applications, including conveyor belts and hoses.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber components for automotive suspension systems to improve performance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the manufacturing of rubber seals and O-rings for automotive and mechanical systems.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in household appliances such as washing machine seals.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is essential across various industries where rubber products require enhanced mechanical properties and performance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber flooring and mats for gyms and playgrounds due to its impact resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber components in the automotive industry, such as engine mounts and suspension bushings, for vibration damping.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the vulcanization process of rubber used in the production of railway track pads and ties for durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the manufacturing of inflatable products like air mattresses and balloons for their strength and elasticity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber diaphragms and membranes used in pumps and valves for chemical resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a role in the production of rubber components for industrial machinery, ensuring reliability and longevity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber sheets and liners for agricultural applications, including irrigation systems and silage pits.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in the production of insulation materials for electrical cables and wiring harnesses.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) enhances the performance of rubber seals and gaskets used in HVAC systems for their sealing effectiveness.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in the construction of bridges and infrastructure for weather resistance and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the vulcanization of rubber used in the production of footwear components such as soles and heels.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber parts for bicycles and motorcycles, including tires and inner tubes.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the production of rubber gloves and protective clothing for its barrier properties against chemicals and contaminants.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in the production of marine equipment such as seals and gaskets for saltwater resistance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is crucial in the formulation of rubber components used in the aerospace industry, including seals and insulation.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in the production of seals and gaskets for automotive engines and transmissions.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the manufacturing of rubber pads and buffers for construction equipment to absorb shock and vibration.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the production of rubber components for consumer electronics, including keypads and seals for water resistance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber formulations for medical devices such as surgical gloves and tubing for biocompatibility.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in the production of industrial belts and hoses for conveying fluids and materials.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber components for recreational vehicles and trailers, including tires and suspension parts.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a role in the production of rubber seals and gaskets used in oil and gas exploration and drilling equipment.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) enhances the performance of rubber components used in the manufacture of household appliances such as washing machines and dishwashers.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in the production of protective gear and apparel for sports and outdoor activities.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is indispensable in a wide range of industries where rubber products are essential for performance, safety, and reliability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) formulations are carefully optimized to meet specific requirements for different rubber applications.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) acts as a sulfur donor during vulcanization, contributing to enhanced heat resistance of rubber.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is integral in the production of tires, seals, gaskets, and industrial rubber components.
The chemical properties of CBTS make it suitable for high-performance rubber products.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) undergoes controlled chemical reactions during vulcanization, leading to robust rubber networks.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) formulations are tailored to improve the processing and performance of rubber goods.
The use of CBTS in rubber compounding ensures superior mechanical properties and longevity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is essential in achieving consistent curing characteristics in rubber manufacturing processes.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is handled and stored with care due to its reactivity and potential health hazards.

The versatile applications of CBTS extend to various sectors requiring durable rubber materials.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is indispensable in modern rubber technology for its role in enhancing product performance and longevity.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a crystalline compound with a pale yellow to light brown color.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is widely recognized as a key accelerator in the vulcanization process of rubber.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the mechanical properties of rubber products.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the cross-linking of rubber molecules, thereby improving elasticity and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves readily in organic solvents like acetone and benzene.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) has a distinct chemical structure characterized by a benzothiazole ring with a cyclohexylamine group.

The use of Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) in rubber formulations helps in reducing curing times during manufacturing.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) facilitates the formation of sulfur cross-links within rubber, crucial for its strength and resilience.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and consumer goods.
Rubber compounds containing CBTS exhibit excellent heat aging properties.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is known for its compatibility with both natural and synthetic rubbers.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) enhances the tensile strength and tear resistance of vulcanized rubber products.

The chemical stability of CBTS ensures consistent performance under diverse environmental conditions.
Manufacturers rely on CBTS to achieve uniform quality and reliability in rubber manufacturing.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Pale yellow to light brown crystalline powder
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
Melting Point: Approximately 95-105°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: Approximately 1.31 g/cm³
Solubility in Water: Sparingly soluble
Solubility in Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents like acetone, benzene, ethanol
Vapor Pressure: Negligible (low volatility)
Particle Size: Typically micron-sized particles
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable)
Autoignition Temperature: Not determined


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C13H16N2S2
Molecular Weight: 264.41 g/mol
Structure: Benzothiazole ring with a cyclohexylamine group attached to the sulfur atom
Acidity/Basicity: Neutral compound
Purity: Typically high purity for industrial applications
Hygroscopicity: Low moisture absorption
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with accelerators and sulfur during rubber vulcanization
Compatibility: Compatible with other rubber chemicals and processing aids
Photostability: Stable under normal light conditions



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If CBTS dust or vapors are inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air.

Provide Oxygen:
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen support if trained personnel are available.

Seek Medical Attention:
Even if symptoms are mild or absent, seek medical evaluation as CBTS inhalation can irritate the respiratory tract.


Skin Contact:
Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Quickly remove any contaminated clothing and footwear.

Wash Skin:
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes to remove any CBTS.

Seek Medical Advice:
If irritation, redness, or rash develops, seek medical attention promptly.

Apply Moisturizer:
After washing, apply a soothing moisturizer to the affected area to alleviate discomfort.


Eye Contact:

Flush with Water:
Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If present and easily removable, remove contact lenses after the initial flush.

Seek Medical Attention:
Even if there are no immediate symptoms, seek medical evaluation to ensure no eye damage has occurred.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
If CBTS is swallowed and the person is conscious, rinse their mouth thoroughly with water.

Drink Water:
Have the person drink plenty of water to dilute any swallowed CBTS.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.


Notes for Medical Personnel:

Symptom Management:
Treat symptoms based on the individual's condition, including respiratory support if necessary.

Skin Irritation:
Provide supportive care for skin irritation or allergic reactions with appropriate medications or treatments.

Eye Irrigation:
Continue eye irrigation until medical personnel arrive for further evaluation.

Monitor for Delayed Reactions:
Monitor the individual for any delayed reactions, especially if exposure symptoms are mild initially.



HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling of CBTS:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE including safety goggles, gloves, and protective clothing to prevent skin contact and inhalation of CBTS dust.
Use respiratory protection (e.g., dust mask or respirator) if handling CBTS in powdered form or in poorly ventilated areas.

Handling Practices:
Avoid generating dust: Handle CBTS in a manner that minimizes dust formation.
Use closed systems or local exhaust ventilation to capture dust at the source.
Use tools and equipment designed for handling powders to minimize spills and airborne particles.
Prevent contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands and any exposed skin areas thoroughly after handling CBTS, especially before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the restroom.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where CBTS is handled to prevent ingestion.

Compatibility:
Store and handle CBTS away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents, acids, and alkalis.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contamination and exposure.

Static Electricity:
CBTS powders can generate static electricity.
Ground equipment and containers to minimize the risk of static discharge.

Spills and Cleanup:
Clean up spills immediately using methods that minimize dust generation (e.g., damp cloth, vacuum cleaner equipped with HEPA filter).
Dispose of spilled material according to local regulations and safety procedures.

Storage of Empty Containers:
Empty containers may retain residue. Handle empty containers with care and follow appropriate cleaning and disposal procedures.


Storage of CBTS:

Storage Conditions:
Store CBTS in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain storage temperatures between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F) to prevent degradation and maintain product stability.
Store in tightly closed containers to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.

Container Requirements:
Use containers made of compatible materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.
Ensure containers are labeled with appropriate hazard symbols, product information, and handling instructions.

Ventilation:
Provide adequate ventilation in storage areas to disperse any airborne dust and maintain air quality.

Separation:
Store CBTS away from food, beverages, animal feed, and other consumables to prevent contamination.

Inventory Control:
Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory system to ensure older stock is used first, minimizing storage time and potential degradation.

Security:
Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Store CBTS in a secure location to prevent unauthorized handling or theft.
CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS)

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a high-performance rubber accelerator widely used in the rubber industry to improve the vulcanization process.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is known for its ability to enhance the physical properties of rubber products, including elasticity and durability.
The chemical formula for Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is C13H16N2S2, and it is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its effective properties.

CAS Number: 95-33-0
EC Number: 202-411-2

Synonyms: N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, CBS, Cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, Santocure CBS, Accelerator CBS, 2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, Vulcanization accelerator CBS, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-ylsulfenamide, CBS Accelerator, Cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide, Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-ylsulfenamide



APPLICATIONS


Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is extensively used as a primary accelerator in the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a preferred choice in the production of tires, providing excellent scorch safety and fast curing.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products, including hoses, belts, and seals, enhancing their durability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is widely used in the production of automotive rubber components, such as gaskets and weatherstrips, ensuring optimal performance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for footwear, providing superior flexibility and wear resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the rubber industry for the production of conveyor belts, enhancing their strength and longevity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of rubberized fabrics, improving their elasticity and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key component in the manufacturing of rubber-based adhesives and sealants, providing enhanced bonding strength.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds for industrial applications, ensuring consistent quality and performance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the creation of high-performance rubber products for the construction industry, including rubber mats and protective coatings.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber sheets and films, enhancing their flexibility and tensile strength.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the manufacturing of rubber insulation materials, providing improved thermal stability and resistance to aging.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is found in the production of rubber seals and O-rings, ensuring their long-term performance and resistance to environmental factors.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the automotive industry for the production of high-performance rubber hoses, contributing to their durability and heat resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for vibration dampening products, providing excellent shock absorption.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of specialty rubber compounds used in the aerospace industry, enhancing their performance under extreme conditions.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the manufacturing of rubber components for marine applications, ensuring their resistance to saltwater and UV exposure.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is found in the production of rubber grommets and bushings, providing improved elasticity and wear resistance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the creation of rubber linings for industrial equipment, enhancing their resistance to abrasion and chemicals.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber components for mining applications, providing superior durability and impact resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-pressure hydraulic seals, ensuring their long-term performance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber profiles for construction joints, providing enhanced sealing properties and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the manufacturing of rubber components for railways, contributing to their resistance to wear and environmental factors.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for oil and gas exploration, ensuring their performance under high-pressure conditions.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is found in the formulation of rubber compounds for industrial rollers, providing improved wear resistance and load-bearing capacity.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the creation of specialty rubber compounds for high-temperature applications, ensuring their stability and performance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key component in the production of rubber components for heavy machinery, enhancing their durability and resistance to harsh environments.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the production of rubber components for industrial valves, providing improved sealing properties and chemical resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for electrical insulation, ensuring their long-term stability and performance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber belts and drive systems, enhancing their flexibility and load-bearing capacity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is found in the manufacturing of rubber components for the food and beverage industry, ensuring their compliance with safety standards.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for medical applications, providing biocompatibility and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the creation of rubber linings for storage tanks, ensuring their resistance to chemical corrosion.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for agricultural machinery, enhancing their durability and performance in demanding conditions.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-performance automotive parts, providing enhanced resistance to heat and wear.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key ingredient in the production of rubber components for the electronics industry, ensuring their long-term stability and performance.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a high-performance rubber accelerator widely used in the rubber industry to improve the vulcanization process.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is known for its ability to enhance the physical properties of rubber products, including elasticity and durability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a versatile chemical compound used in various rubber applications.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) provides excellent scorch safety, allowing for extended processing times without compromising the quality of the final product.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is essential in the production of high-performance rubber products, contributing to their strength and resistance to wear.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is widely used in the automotive industry, where it enhances the performance and durability of rubber components.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is also employed in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products, including hoses, seals, and gaskets, ensuring their long-term reliability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a critical accelerator in the vulcanization process, providing optimal curing and improving the overall quality of rubber compounds.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is recognized for its stability and effectiveness in a wide range of rubber applications, from automotive components to industrial products.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is essential in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds, providing consistent performance and reliability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key ingredient in the production of rubber materials used in demanding environments, ensuring their resistance to extreme conditions.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C13H16N2S2
Common Name: Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Off-white to pale yellow powder
Density: 1.26 g/cm³
Melting Point: 96-104°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in benzene, acetone, and chloroform
Flash Point: 233°C
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; decomposes at high temperatures
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store below 25°C in a dry, well-ventilated area
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of dust or vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS).
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Avoid generating dust. Sweep up and collect the material for disposal in a sealed container.

Storage:
Store Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating dust or aerosols.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where dust or vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
CyclohexylamineCyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class. It is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants. It has a fishy odor and is miscible with water. Like other amines, it is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.It is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g cyclamate)PreparationCyclohexylamine is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2It is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.ApplicationsCyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization. It is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators). The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor. Some sweeteners are derived from this amine, notably cyclamate. The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.ToxicityLD50 (rat; p.o.) = 0.71 ml/kgIt is corrosive. Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. It has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.[6]The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has suggested workers not be exposed to a recommended exposure limit of over 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) over an eight-hour workshift.Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia. Flash point 90°F. Irritates the eyes and respiratory system. Skin contact may cause burns. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.On distillation with water, cyclohexylamine forms azeotropic mixt, boiling @ 96.4 °C @ 760 mm Hg; reacts with excess ammonia and zinc chloride @ 350 °C to produce alpha-picoline.Cyclohexylamine showed dose dependent kinetics after administration of single oral doses of 35, 200, or 500 mg/kg in rats, with a reduction in plasma clearance from 37 to 24 ml/min/kg, an increase in apparent half-life from 11.8 to 12 hr, and an increased area under the testicular concentration vs time curve. Saturation of cyclohexylamine uptake by rat renal cortical slices in vitro and of renal tubular secretion in vivo occurred at concentrations and doses comparable to the oral dose studies. Cyclohexylamine clearance from a 10 mg/kg infusion was 2.58 + or - 1.13 ml/min and from a 200 mg/kg infusion, 2.49 + or - 1.65 ml/min. The cyclohexylamine to inulin clearance ratios were 2 at a dose of 10 mg/kg and 1.23 at a dose of 200 mg/kg. During chronic dietary administration the concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes showed a pronounced diurnal variation in rats, reaching a peak concentration at the end of the dark cycle at 6 AM (6.3 + or - 1.5 ug/ml in plasma an 45.7 + or - 3.4 ug/g in testes). The lowest concentrations of cyclohexylamine were at 9 PM (1.5 + of - 0.5 ug/ml in plasma and 10.9 + or - 3.6 ug/g in testes). The steady state plasma clearance was 33 ml/min/kg. The concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes of rats showed a nonlinear relationship to dietary intake. Elevated concentrations were found at intake greater than 200 mg/kg/day.Generally, cyclohexylamine, is readily absorbed & rapidly excreted from the body. After admin to rats, cyclohexylamine appears in body tissues with the highest concn in the lungs, spleen, liver, adrenals, heart, GI tract & kidneys.After oral admin (0.2 g/kg) to rabbits, cyclohexylamine gave rise to unchanged cyclohexylamine & N-hydroxycyclohexylamine in the urine. When C14-labeled cyclohexylamine was admin, 68% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine after 60 hr. A small amount (0.5%) was eliminated in the breath & 45% of the admin dose was shown to be excreted in the urine as unconjugated cyclohexylamine, 0.2% as N-hydroxycyclohexylamine in conjugated form, & 2.5% as cyclohexanone oxime. The authors postulated the latter metabolite to be an artifact formed form the glucuronide of N-hydroxycyclohexylamine during the hydrolysis procedure.The metabolites identified indicated that in rats, the metabolism of cyclohexylamine was mainly through hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring, in man by deamination & in guinea pigs & rabbits by ring hydroxylation & deamination. The metabolites to cyclohexylamine were excreted in both free & conjugated forms.Most of the cyclohexylamine given by gavage or intraperitoneal injection to rats and guinea pigs was excreted unchanged, and only 4-5% was metabolized within 24 hours. In rabbits, 30% was metabolized. Cyclohexylamine has been reported to be metabolized further to cyclohexanone and then to cyclohexanol in guinea pigs, rabbits and rats. A number of hydroxylated products of cyclohexylamine have been reported in these species, which were excreted in part as glucuronides.Orally administration cyclamate appears to be readily absorbed by rabbits but less readily by guinea pigs, rats and humans. All of these species convert cyclamate to cyclohexylamine, via the action of gastrointestinal microflora on unabsorbed cyclamate. The metabolism of cyclohexylamine to other products differs somewhat in humans and other species, although most cyclohexylamine is rapidly excreted unchanged in the urine. In rats, it is metabolized mainly by hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring; in humans, it is metabolized by deamination; and in guinea pigs and rabbits, it is metabolized by ring hydroxylation and deamination.Mice were fed cyclohexylamine (as the hydrochloride) at a constant intake of 400 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. Food intake and body weight gain were not affected. The metabolism of (14)C labeled cyclohexylamine administered as a single oral dose (2 uCi per mouse) was not significantly different among animals chronically fed cyclohexylamine for 0, 3, 7, or 13 weeks. The major metabolite produced was 3-aminocyclohexanol; total metabolism was less than 2%. ... Concentrations of cyclohexylamine in plasma (ug/ml) after 3 weeks feeding were 0.20; after 7 weeks 0.18; and after 13 weeks, 4.51 + or - 2.94. Concentrations of the chemical in testes (ug/g wet weight) varied from 6.81 + or - 5.21 at 3 weeks to 4.51 + or - 2.94 at 13 weeks.Wistar and DA rats were fed cyclohexylamine (as the hydrochloride) at constant intake of 400 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. The metabolism of (14)C-labeled cyclohexylamine administered as a single oral dose (8 uCi per rat) was similar for both strains of rat, with no consistent effect due to age or prolonged feeding with cyclohexylamine. However, there was reduced elimination of (14)C in the treated Wistar and DA rats compared to that in the controls during the first 6 hr after dosing; the difference was statistically significant at 3 weeks in both strains and at 13 weeks in the DA strain. The major metabolites produced were 3- and 4-aminocyclohexanols; at 13 weeks the total metabolism was 17% to 18% for the Wistar rats, 4% to 6% in the DA rats. After 13 weeks, testicular atrophy was demonstrated in both strains of rat fed cyclohexylamine; DA rats appeared more sensitive to testicular toxicity than the Wistar rats. Concentrations of cyclohexylamine and its metabolites in plasma and in testicular tissue were higher in Wistar rats than in DA rats.Cyclohexylamine can be formed to a variable extent by microbial biotransformation of cyclamate in the gastrointestinal tract of all species studied; after absorption, it is further metabolized to several compounds that are excreted in the urine.Cyclohexylamine showed dose dependent kinetics after administration of single oral doses of 35, 200 or 500 mg/kg in mice, with a reduction in plasma clearance from 61 to 53 ml/min/kg, an increase in apparent half-life from 1.4 to 3.5 hr, and an increased area under the testicular concentration vs time curve. During chronic dietary administration the concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes showed little diurna variation. The steady state plasma clearance was 65 ml/min/kg. The concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes of the mice showed a linear relationship to dietary intake, even at the highest intake, about 900 mg/kg/day.Prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temp and pressures. Fractionation of crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unchanged aniline, and high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine (cyclohexylaniline) and dicyclohexylamine.CHEMICAL PROFILE: Cyclohexylamine. Boiler water treatment, 70%; rubber chemicals, 17%; chain terminator, 6%; miscellaneous, including oilfield corrosion inhibitors, photographic chemicals, catalysts, intermediates and metal extraction, 7%.Cyclohexylamine. Boiler water treatment, 60%; rubber chemicals, 12%; nylon chain terminator, 10%; agricultural chemicals, 10%; miscellaneous (including oilfield corrosion inhibitors, photographic chemicals, catalysts, intermediates, metal extraction and exports), 8%.Cyclohexylamine. Demand: 1986: 9.2 million lb; 1987: 9.4 million lb; 991 /projected/: 10.4 million lb.AOAC Method 971.17. Cyclohexylamine in Cyclamates and Artificially Sweetened Products by Infrared Spectrophotometric Method.ASTM Method D4983. Standard Test Method for Cyclohexylamine, Morpholine, and Diethylaminoethanol in Water and Condensed Steam by Direct Aqueous Injection Gas Chromatography.Warning: Cyclohexylamine is an alkaline-corrosive agent. Contact with eyes may result in severe damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and blood vessels. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Cyclohexylamine Exposure: Acute exposure to cyclohexylamine may result in irritation and burning of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Light-headedness, drowsiness, slurred speech, pupillary dilation, increased salivation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), abdominal pain, and spontaneous vomiting may occur. Stridor (high-pitched, noisy respirations), dyspnea (shortness of breath), and pulmonary edema are also common. Apathy and mental confusion may develop, with progression to coma and death. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to cyclohexylamine exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyclohexylamine. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyclohexylamine. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 30 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas for at least 15 minutes with water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Activated charcoal is of no value. 5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. 6. Transport to a health care facility.This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Cyclohexylamine is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Cyclohexylamine is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 10,000 lbs.Cyclohexylamine (CAS # 108-91-8) was evaluated for acute dermal toxicity in solitary male and female New Zealand albino rabbits alternately administered single undiluted dermal applications of 398, 631, 1000, and 1580 mg/kg bodyweight for 24 hours. Clinical signs were observed at all dose levels and included reduced appetite and activity, increasing weakness and collapse. The 1000 mg/kg male and the 1580 mg/kg female both died within 16 hours of treatment, while solitary male and female rabbits of the 398 and 631 mg/kg doses, respectively, saw resolution of all pharmacotoxic signs within 5-7 days. Upon necropsy, the high dose study lethalities were found with lung and liver hyperemia, dark spleen and kidneys, and enlarged gall bladder, while the viscera of the male and female surviving 14-day post-treatment observation appeared normal.Cyclohexylamine (CAS # 108-91-8) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in groups of 10 female Swiss-Webster mice administered single peroral doses of 5.0, 6.0, 6.5, 7.5, and 10.0 cc/kg bodyweight (1:10 in 0.5% methylcellulose). Study mortality was comprised of 1/10, 2/10, 4/10, 6/10, and 8/10 of successive incremental dosage groups, respectively, consistent with a LD50 of 730 mg/kg (95% C.L. = 640-830). Death occurred from 1/4 to 2 hours after treatment. Clinical signs of a systemic toxicity included hypokinesis, dyspnea, hyperpnea, diarrhea, diuresis, ptosis, piloerection, salivation, lacrimation, occult blood in urine and feces, cyanosis, somnolence, cachexia, weight loss, and hyperkinesis, random biting and chewing, ataxia, jerking, tremors, opisthotonos, irritability, limb abduction, paralysis, tail erection, hypothermia, clonic convulsions, tonic convulsions, increased and/or decreased muscle tone. Treatment was also associated with vocalization, tissue irritation to necrosis, writhing, self-decimation, and quiet death.Cyclohexylamine was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in groups of 10 female Swiss-Webster mice administered single peroral cyclohexylamine.HCl (10% solution in 0.5% methylcellulose) at doses of 400, 500, 600, 750, 850, 1250, and 1500 mg/kg. Treatment was associated with mortality in 0/10, 3/10, 6/10, 8/10, 9/10, 9/10, and 10/10 of successive incremental dosage groups, respectively, consistent with a LD50 of 530 mg/kg (95% C.L. 441-637). At doses of 400 mg/kg, mice exhibited clinical signs of toxicity including increased activity, increased respiration, tail erection, salivation, irritability, jerking, clonic convulsions, and death at 1-18 hours following treatment.Cyclohexylamine was evaluated for dermal irritation in 6 male rabbits each exposed with 0.5 ml on 2 abraded and 2 intact dermal application sites. All intact and abraded sites were charred black such that investigators characterized cyclohexylamine as extremely irritating and destructive on dermal exposure.Cyclohexylamine's production and use as a corrosion inhibitor in boiling water treatment facilities and chemical intermediate in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps and acid gas absorbents may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates cyclohexylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclohexylamine as a free base will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours. If released to soil, cyclohexylamine is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 150. The pKa of cyclohexylamine is 10.6, indicating that this compound will exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize. Cyclohexylamine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation is expected to occur in soils based on standard biodegradation studies. A 100% theoretical BOD was observed for 10 mg/l of cyclohexylamine using an acclimated sewage inoculum, plant sludge and river mud over a 14 day incubation period. If released into water, cyclohexylamine is expected to exist primarily as a cation and will adsorb to suspended solids in the water column. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since this compound is expected to exist in the protonated form in water surfaces. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclohexylamine is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to cyclohexylamine primarily through respiratory routes especially at buildings where cyclohexylamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam boiler systems. Cyclohexylamine is not known to occur as a natural product(1).Cyclohexylamine's production and use as a corrosion inhibitor in boiling water treatment facilities and chemical intermediate in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps and acid gas absorbents will result in its release to the environment through a variety of waste streams(1,SRC).TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 150(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclohexylamine as the free base is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). A pKa value of 10.6(4) indicates that the protonated form of cyclohexylamine will be the dominant species in moist soil surfaces and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of cyclohexylamine from moist soil surfaces is not an important fate process since the cation will not volatilize. The potential for volatilization of cyclohexylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation is expected to occur in soils based on standard biodegradability tests conducted with activated sludge and sewage inocula(6-8).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 150(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclohexylamine as the free base is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa value of 10.6(4) indicates that the protonated form of cyclohexylamine will be the predominant species in water and cations generally adsorb more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from water surfaces is not an important fate process(SRC) since the protonated form will not volatilize. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation is expected to occur in aquatic environments based on standard biodegradability tests conducted with activated sludge and sewage inocula(7-9).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyclohexylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclohexylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).A 100% theoretical BOD was observed for 10 mg/l of cyclohexylamine in an acclimated sewage inoculum, plant sludge and river mud over a 14 day incubation period(1). The theoretical BOD of cyclohexylamine (50 mg/l) was 79%, 68 % and 0% in an acclimated sewage inoculum, plant sludge and river mud respectively over a 14 day incubation period(1). The theoretical BOD of cyclohexylamine (100 mg/l) was 79%, 0% and 0% in an acclimated sewage inoculum, plant sludge and river mud respectively over a 14 day incubation period(1). A 200 mg/l sample of cyclohexylamine could not be biodegraded by an activated sludge and was assumed to be toxic to the microflora(2). A theoretical oxygen demand between 25 and 45% was observed for cyclohexylamine in a Warburg apparatus during a 5 day incubation period(3).The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclohexylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Cyclohexylamine will exist predominantly in the protonated form in the environment based on a pKa of 10.6(2). Cyclohexylamine is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for cyclohexylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.49(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).The Koc of cyclohexylamine is estimated as 150(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.49(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyclohexylamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of cyclohexylamine is 10.6(4), indicating that the protonated form will be the predominant species in moist soils and cations are expected to adsorb strongly to soil surfaces.With a pKa of 10.6(1), cyclohexylamine will exist predominantly in protonated form in the environment and the protonated form of cyclohexylamine is not expected to volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces(2). The potential for volatilization of cyclohexylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg(3).Cyclohexylamine was detected, not quantified, in the leachate of 2 low-level radioactive disposal facilities located in Maxey Flats, Kentucky and West Valley, New York(1). Effluent from a tire manufacturing plant contained cyclohexylamine at approximately 0.01 ppm(2).The average concentration of cyclohexylamine was measured as 0.7 ppb in the indoor air of a building in Columbus Ohio where cyclohexylamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in the boiler system of the building(1).NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 64,346 workers (2,914 of these are female) are potentially exposed to cyclohexylamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclohexylamine is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to cyclohexylamine primarily through respiratory routes especially at buildings where cyclohexylamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam boiler systems(2).About CyclohexylamineHelpful informationCyclohexylamine has not been registered under the REACH Regulation, therefore as yet ECHA has not received any data about Cyclohexylamine from registration dossiers.Cyclohexylamine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.Consumer UsesECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Cyclohexylamine is most likely to be released to the environment.Article service lifeECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Cyclohexylamine is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.Widespread uses by professional workersCyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids. Cyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining. Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid. Other release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).Formulation or re-packingCyclohexylamine is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and water treatment chemicals.Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.Uses at industrial sitesCyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.Cyclohexylamine has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).Cyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, offshore mining and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.Cyclohexylamine is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class. It is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants. It has a fishy odor and is miscible with water. Like other amines, it is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.It is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g cyclamate)PreparationCyclohexylamine is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2It is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.ApplicationsCyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization. It is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators). The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor. Some sweeteners are derived from this amine, notably cyclamate. The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.ToxicityLD50 (rat; p.o.) = 0.71 ml/kgIt is corrosive. Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. It has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.[6]The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has suggested workers not be exposed to a recommended exposure limit of over 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) over an eight-hour workshift.Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia. Flash point 90°F. Irritates the eyes and respiratory system. Skin contact may cause burns. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.Generally, cyclohexylamine, is readily absorbed & rapidly excreted from the body. After admin to rats, cyclohexylamine appears in body tissues with the highest concn in the lungs, spleen, liver, adrenals, heart, GI tract & kidneys.After oral admin (0.2 g/kg) to rabbits, cyclohexylamine gave rise to unchanged cyclohexylamine & N-hydroxycyclohexylamine in the urine. When C14-labeled cyclohexylamine was admin, 68% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine after 60 hr. A small amount (0.5%) was eliminated in the breath & 45% of the admin dose was shown to be excreted in the urine as unconjugated cyclohexylamine, 0.2% as N-hydroxycyclohexylamine in conjugated form, & 2.5% as cyclohexanone oxime. The authors postulated the latter metabolite to be an artifact formed form the glucuronide of N-hydroxycyclohexylamine during the hydrolysis procedure.The metabolites identified indicated that in rats, the metabolism of cyclohexylamine was mainly through hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring, in man by deamination & in guinea pigs & rabbits by ring hydroxylation & deamination. The metabolites to cyclohexylamine were excreted in both free & conjugated forms.Most of the cyclohexylamine given by gavage or intraperitoneal injection to rats and guinea pigs was excreted unchanged, and only 4-5% was metabolized within 24 hours. In rabbits, 30% was metabolized. Cyclohexylamine has been reported to be metabolized further to cyclohexanone and then to cyclohexanol in guinea pigs, rabbits and rats. A number of hydroxylated products of cyclohexylamine have been reported in these species, which were excreted in part as glucuronides.Orally administration cyclamate appears to be readily absorbed by rabbits but less readily by guinea pigs, rats and humans. All of these species convert cyclamate to cyclohexylamine, via the action of gastrointestinal microflora on unabsorbed cyclamate. The metabolism of cyclohexylamine to other products differs somewhat in humans and other species, although most cyclohexylamine is rapidly excreted unchanged in the urine. In rats, it is metabolized mainly by hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring; in humans, it is metabolized by deamination; and in guinea pigs and rabbits, it is metabolized by ring hydroxylation and deamination.Wistar and DA rats were fed cyclohexylamine (as the hydrochloride) at constant intake of 400 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. The metabolism of (1
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.

CAS: 108-91-8
MF: C6H13N
MW: 99.17
EINECS: 203-629-0

Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.
Flash point 90 °F.
Irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Skin contact may cause burns.
Less dense than water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.

Cyclohexylamine has a fishy odor and is miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but Cyclohexylamine is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.
Cyclohexylamine is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g. cyclamate).
Cyclohexylamine (also known as cyclohexanamine or CHA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H11NH2.

Cyclohexylamine is a primary amine, which means that it is composed of a six-membered ring of carbon atoms with one nitrogen atom attached to it.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid with a characteristic amine-like odor and is miscible with water.
Cyclohexylamine is used in the production of polyurethane and polyurea, as well as in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial processes.

Cyclohexylamine Chemical Properties
Melting point: -17 °C
Boiling point: 134 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.867 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 3.42 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 22 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.459(lit.)
Fp: 90 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: organic solvents: miscible
Form: Liquid
pka: 10.66(at 24℃)
Color: Clear
Odor: strong fishy odor
PH: 11.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 1.6-9.4%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
FreezingPoint: -17.7℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,2729
BRN: 471175
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 10 ppm (~40 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
InChIKey: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.7 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 108-91-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclohexanamine(108-91-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclohexylamine (108-91-8)

Reactions
Cyclohexylamine reacts with chlorine to form N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine.
N-Cyclohexylidenecyclohexylamine reacts with chloramine to give 1-cyclohexyl-3,3-pentamethylenediaziridine, which can be hydrolyzed to give cyclohexylhydrazine. Cyclohexylamine and formaldehyde together react with peracetic acid to give 2-cyclohexyloxaziridine.
In addition to using alkyl halides, alkyl sulfates, or alkyl phosphates, cyclohexylamine can be alkylated with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum oxide, copper, nickel, cobalt, or platinum, or by the Leuckart – Wallach method.

Cyclohexylamine is a colorless to yellow liquid (amines, primary aromatic).
Cyclohexylamine has an unpleasant fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine is infinitely miscible with water and conventional organic solvents.
With water Cyclohexylamine forms an azeotrope that contains 44.2 % cyclohexylamine and boils at 96.4℃.
Cyclohexylamine can be volatilized with water vapor.
Cyclohexylamine can absorb carbon dioxide in the air and form a white crystalline carbonate.
Aqueous solution is alkaline.
0.01% concentration of aqueous solution pH = 10.5.
Cyclohexylamine's vapor and air to form an explosive mixture.

Uses
In organic synthesis, manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, rubber chemicals, dyestuffs, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, acid gas absorbents.
Cyclohexylamine is used primarily as corrosion inhibitor and vulcanization accelerator.
Alone or mixed with other compounds, Cyclohexylamine has an anticorrosive action, for example, when used as an additive in heating oil or in the operation of steam boilers.
Cyclohexylamine functions as a hardener for epoxy resins and as a catalyst for polyurethanes.
Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate and calcium cyclohexylsulfamate (cyclamates) are important artificial sweeteners.
In polyamide polymerizations, cyclohexylamine is employed as chain terminator to control the molecular mass.

Cyclohexylamine is used in the manufacture of a number of products, including plasticizers, drycleaning soaps, insecticides, and emulsifying agents.
Cyclohexylamine is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and in organic synthesis.

Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization.
Cyclohexylamine is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators).
The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor.
The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.
Cyclohexylamine has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.

Industrial uses
The primary use of cyclohexylamine is as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler water treatment and in oil field applications.
Cyclohexylamine is also a chemical intermediate for rubber processing chemicals, dyes (acid blue 62, former use), cyclamate artificial sweeteners and herbicides and a processing agent for nylon fiber production.
Windholz et al reports its use in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, and acid gas absorbents.

Production Methods
Cyclohexylamine is produced by the reaction of ammonia and cyclohexanol at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst.
Cyclohexylamine is also prepared by a similar process of catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the product of this reaction yields CHA, aniline, and a high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine.
In 1982, U.S. production was 4.54 metric tons and 739.3 metric tons were imported into the U.S.

Reactivity Profile
Cyclohexylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Health Hazard
Cyclohexylamine is a severe irritant to theeyes, skin, and respiratory passage.
Skin contact can produce burns and sensitization;contact of the pure liquid or its concentratedsolutions with the eyes may cause loss ofvision.
The acute oral and dermal toxicity ofcyclohexylamine was moderate in test sub jects.
The toxic effects include nausea, vom iting, and degenerative changes in the brain,liver, and kidney.

Inhalation of its vaporsat high concentrations may cause a narcoticeffect.
LD50 value, oral (rats): 156 mg/kg
LD50 value, skin (rabbits): 277 mg/klg
Cyclohexylamine may be mutagenic, thetest for which has so far given inconclusiveresults. Administration of this compoundin animals produced a reproductive effect,including embryotoxicity and a reductionin male fertility.
Intraperitoneal injectionof the amine in rats caused a dose dependent increase in chromosomal breaks.

Roberts and coworkers studied themetabolism and testicular toxicity of cyclohexylamine (a metabolite of cyclamate)in rats and mice.
Chronic dietary administration of 400 mg/kg/day for 13 weeksshowed decrease in organ weigh, histological changes, and testicular atrophy in boththe Wistar and dark agouti DA rats, but to awidely varying extent, while mice exhibitedno evidence of testicular damage.
There is no evidence of carcinogenicityin animals or humans caused by cyclohexy lamine.

Fire Hazard
When heated to decomposition, Cyclohexylamine emits highly toxic fumes.
Vapor may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion.
Nitric acid; reacts vigorously with oxiding materials.
Stable, avoid physical damage, storage with oxidizing material.

Synthesis
Prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temp and pressures.
Fractionation of crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unchanged aniline, and high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine (cyclohexylaniline) and dicyclohexylamine.

Preparation
Cyclohexylamine is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:

C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2
Cyclohexylamine is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.

Metabolism
Generally, cyclohexylamine is readily absorbed and rapidly excreted from the body.
After administration to rats, cyclohexylamine appears in body tissues with the highest concentrations in the lungs, spleen, liver, adrenals, heart, gastrointes- tinal tract and kidneys.
After oral administration (0.2 g/kg) to rabbits, cyclohexylamine gave rise to unchanged cyclohexylamine and 7V-hydroxycyclohexylamine in the urine.
When [14C]-labelled cyclohexylamine was administered, 68% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine after 60 h.

A small amount (0.5%) was eliminated in the breath and 45% of the administered dose was shown to be excreted in the urine as unconjugated cyclohexylamine, 0.2% as JV-hydroxycyclohexylamine in conjugated form, and 2.5% as cyclohexanone oxime.
The authors postulated the latter metabolite to be an artifact formed from the glucuronide of TV-hydroxy cyclohexylamine during the hydrolysis procedure.
In contrast to rabbits, man, as well as rats and guinea pigs, excrete 90% or more of a dose of [14C]-labelled cyclohexylamine unchanged in the urine.

Small amounts of radioactivity were found in the feces, 1% or less in man, rat and rabbit, and 4-7% in the guinea pig.
Only 4-5% of the dose was metabolized in 24 h in the rat and guinea pig and 1-2% in man.
The metabolites identified indicated that in rats, the metabolism of cyclohexylamine was mainly through hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring, in man by deamination and in guinea pigs and rabbits by ring hydroxylation and deamination.
The metabolites to cyclohexylamine were excreted in both free and conjugated forms.

Synonyms
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexanamine
108-91-8
Aminocyclohexane
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine
Aminohexahydrobenzene
1-Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexyl amine
1-Aminocyclohexane
Aniline, hexahydro-
Benzenamine, hexahydro-
Aminocylcohexane
cyclohexyl-amine
CCRIS 3645
HSDB 918
UNII-I6GH4W7AEG
1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANE
cyclohexaneamine
I6GH4W7AEG
monocyclohexylamine
EINECS 203-629-0
BRN 0471175
DTXSID1023996
CHEBI:15773
AI3-15323
Cyclohexylamine.HCl
UN2357
157973-60-9
DTXCID203996
EC 203-629-0
4-12-00-00008 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MFCD00001486
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
CAS-108-91-8
HAI
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
cyclohexanamin
cylohexylamine
Ciclohexanamina
Ciclohexilamina
Sykloheksylamin
cyclohexylarnine
cyclo-hexylamine
cyclohexane-amine
n-cyclohexylamine
cyclohexanyl amine
Hexahydro-Aniline
4-Cyclohexylamine
Glipizide Imp. B (EP); Sodium Cyclamate Imp. C (EP); Cyclohexanamine; Glipizide Impurity B; Sodium Cyclamate Impurity C
Cyclohexylamine,(S)
Hexahydro-Benzenamine
Cyclohexanamine, 9CI
CyNH2
CHA (CHRIS Code)
Cyclohexylamine, 99.5%
bmse000451
D07KVF
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
BIDD:ER0290
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [INCI]
GTPL5507
CHEMBL1794762
BDBM81970
Cyclohexylamine [Cyclohexanamine]
BCP30928
Tox21_202380
Tox21_300038
LS-473
NA2357
STK387114
AKOS000119083
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
UN 2357
VS-0326
Aminocyclohexane pound>>Hexahydroaniline
NCGC00247889-01
NCGC00247889-02
NCGC00253922-01
NCGC00259929-01
AM802905
BP-21278
CAS_108-91-8
NCI60_004907
Cyclohexylamine 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.9%
FT-0624217
EN300-16958
C00571
J-002206
J-520164
Q1147539
F2190-0381
InChI=1/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine has a fishy odor and is miscible with water like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.
Cyclohexylamine is a food contaminant arising from its use as a boiler water additive Cyclohexylamine, also called hexahydroaniline, 1-aminocyclohexane, or aminohexahydrobenzene, is an organic chemical, an amine derived from cyclohexane.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound of the aliphatic amine group, also known as aminocyclohexane and cyclohexane amine.

EINECS/ List number: 203-629-0
CAS number: 108-91-8
Molecular formula: C6H13N

Cyclohexylamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H13N.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound and belongs to the class of amines, specifically cycloaliphatic amines.
Cyclohexylamine consists of a cyclohexane ring with an amino group (NH2) attached to one of the carbon atoms in the ring.

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.
Cyclohexylamine is a clear liquid at room temperature and has a strong, ammonia-like odor.

Cyclohexylamine is soluble in water and most organic solvents.
Cyclohexylamine is commonly used as an intermediate or starting material in the synthesis of various chemicals.
Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.

Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.
Cyclohexylamineis registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.

Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization.
Cyclohexylamine is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators).

Cyclohexylamine the amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor.
The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.
Cyclohexylamine has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.

Cyclohexylamine is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum asiaticum and Phaseolus vulgaris with data available.
The chemical formula of this colorless liquid is C3H13N however, like other amines, it may appear colored due to the presence of contaminants.
Cyclohexylamine smells like fish and can be mixed with water and other organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, ketones and aliphatic and aromatic esters.

Cyclohexylamine is a clear to yellowish liquid with fishy odor, with melting point of 17.7 °C and boiling point 134.5 °C, miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is of mildly alkaline nature, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic sister compound aniline, which differs only in that its ring is aromatic.
Cyclohexylamine is flammable, with flash point at 28.6 °C. Explosive mixtures with air can be formed above 26 °C.

Cyclohexylamine is toxic by both ingestion and inhalation; the inhalation itself may be fatal.
Cyclohexylamine readily absorbs through skin, which it irritates.
Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.

Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.
Flash point 90 °F. Irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Cyclohexylamine, skin contact may cause burns.

Cyclohexylamine, less dense than water.
Cyclohexylamine, vapors heavier than air and toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.
Cyclohexylamine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Cyclohexylamineis used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.
Cyclohexylamineis used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Environment of Cyclohexylamine is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
Cyclohexylamineis used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and water treatment chemicals.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexylaminecan occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Cyclohexylamine is a colorless to yellow liquid (amines, primary aromatic).
Cyclohexylamine has an unpleasant fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine is infinitely miscible with water and conventional organic solvents.

With water Cyclohexylamine forms an azeotrope that contains 44.2 % cyclohexylamine and boils at 96.4℃.
Cyclohexylamine can be volatilized with water vapor.
Cyclohexylamine can absorb carbon dioxide in the air and form a white crystalline carbonate.

Cyclohexylamine, aqueous solution is alkaline.
Cyclohexylamine, 0.01% concentration of aqueous solution pH = 10.5. Its vapor and air to form an explosive mixture.
Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.

Cyclohexylamine, irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Cyclohexylamine, skin contact may cause burns. Less dense than water.
Cyclohexylamine toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.

Cyclohexylamine is used as a modifier in the polymerization of certain monomers, such as acrylics and vinyl acetate.
Cyclohexylamine helps control the polymerization process, improving the molecular weight and overall properties of the resulting polymer.
Cyclohexylamine can act as a catalyst or co-catalyst in various chemical reactions.

Melting point: -17 °C
Boiling point: 134 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.867 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.42 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 22 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.459(lit.)
Flash point: 90 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility organic solvents: miscible
form: Liquid
pka: 10.66(at 24℃)
color: Clear
PH: 11.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 1.6-9.4%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
FreezingPoint: -17.7℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,2729
BRN: 471175
LogP: 3.7 at 25℃

Cyclohexylamine is particularly used in the production of polyurethane coatings, where it promotes the reaction between isocyanates and polyols, leading to the formation of a cross-linked polyurethane film.
Cyclohexylamine can undergo various chemical modifications to produce derivatives with specific properties.
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) is a commonly used derivative of cyclohexylamine in the rubber industry as an accelerator and antidegradant.

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H13NH2.
Cyclohexylamine belongs to the class of amines, specifically the primary amines, where an amino group (-NH2) is attached to a carbon atom within a cyclohexane ring structure.
Cyclohexylamine is a clear liquid at room temperature with a boiling point of around 134-136°C (273-277°F) and a melting point of -17.7°C (0°F).

Cyclohexylamine has a density of approximately 0.861 g/mL.
Cyclohexylamine is soluble in water, alcohols, and common organic solvents.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless organic liquid with an amine group substituent.

Cyclohexylamine is used in low pressure boilers where the condensate runs longer.
Cyclohexylamine can stay with the condensate vapor at various vapor pressures that cannot be done with other neutralizing amines.
Cyclohexylamine is a cyclamate metabolite and has been found useful in the production of other organic compounds.

Cyclohexylamine is especially used for industrial water treatment, curing accelerator production, synthetic sweetener production and vulcanization accelerator production in rubber industry.
Cyclohexylamine is a reactive compound that can undergo various chemical reactions.
Cyclohexylamine can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions, such as reacting with alkyl halides to form secondary and tertiary amines.

Cyclohexylamine can also undergo acylation reactions, where it reacts with acid chlorides or anhydrides to form amides.
Cyclohexylamine is a weak base with a pKa value of around 10.9.
Cyclohexylamine can accept a proton (H+) from an acid, forming a cyclohexylammonium salt in aqueous solutions, cyclohexylamine acts as a base and can increase the pH of the solution.

The molecular structure of cyclohexylamine consists of a six-membered cyclohexane ring with a nitrogen atom attached to one of the carbon atoms in the ring.
Cyclohexylamine, arrangement gives cyclohexylamine its characteristic cyclic structure.
The handling, storage, and transportation of cyclohexylamine are regulated by various agencies and organizations.

Cyclohexylamine is important to comply with relevant safety and environmental regulations when working with cyclohexylamine to ensure the protection of human health and the environment.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature.
Cyclohexylamine has a strong, ammonia-like odor and is soluble in water.

Cyclohexylamine has a boiling point of around 134-136°C (273-277°F) and a density of approximately 0.861 grams per milliliter.
Cyclohexylamine is a weak base and can form salts with acids.
Cyclohexylamine exhibits typical amine properties, such as reacting with acids to form water-soluble salts and undergoing reactions with various organic and inorganic compounds.

Cyclohexylamine can be synthesized through several methods.
One common method is the reduction of cyclohexanone using a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in the presence of a catalyst.
Another method involves the reaction of cyclohexyl chloride with ammonia.
Various other routes, such as the reductive amination of cyclohexanone or the hydroamination of cyclohexene, can also be employed for its synthesis.

Cyclohexylamine is chemical properties and versatile nature, cyclohexylamine is used in various industries, including the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, personal care products, and as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis.
Cyclohexylamine also finds applications in gas treatment, fuel additives, corrosion inhibitors, and metalworking fluids, among others.
Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.

Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.
Cyclohexylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.

Cyclohexylamine, flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Cyclohexylamine, prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temp and pressures.
Cyclohexylamine, fractionation of crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unchanged aniline, and high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine (cyclohexylaniline) and dicyclohexylamine.

Cyclohexylamine derivatives, such as N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS), are used as antioxidants and antidegradants in rubber products.
Cyclohexylamine, help prevent or slow down the degradation of rubber due to oxidation and heat, thereby extending the lifespan and performance of rubber materials.
Cyclohexylamine, may form explosive mixture with air.

Cyclohexylamine is a strong base: it reacts violently with acid. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosion hazard.
Incompatible with organic anhydrides; isocyanates, vinyl acetate; acrylates, substituted allyls; alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin, ketones, aldehydes, alco- hols, glycols, phenols, cresols, caprolactum solution; lead.
Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives are used as corrosion inhibitors in water treatment applications.

Cyclohexylamine, help protect metal surfaces in cooling systems, boilers, and other industrial equipment by forming a protective film that inhibits corrosion.
Cyclohexylamine is readily absorbed and rapidly excreted from the body after administration to rats, cyclohexylamine appears in body tissues with the highest concentrations in the lungs, spleen, liver, adrenals, heart, gastrointes- tinal tract and kidneys.
After oral administration (0.2 g/kg) to rabbits, cyclohexylamine gave rise to unchanged cyclohexylamine and 7V-hydroxycyclohexylamine in the urine.

Labelled cyclohexylamine was administered, 68% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine after 60 h. A small amount (0.5%) was eliminated in the breath and 45% of the administered dose was shown to be excreted in the urine as unconjugated cyclohexylamine, 0.2% as JV-hydroxycyclohexylamine in conjugated form, and 2.5% as cyclohexanone oxime.
Metabolite to be an artifact formed from the glucuronide of TV-hydroxy cyclohexylamine during the hydrolysis procedure.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound in the form of a colorless liquid.

Cyclohexylamine is used as a building block in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, rubber chemicals, dyes, antioxidants, and other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine can undergo various chemical reactions to form different derivatives.
Cyclohexylamine can be acylated to form N-acylcyclohexylamines, which are used as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.

Cyclohexylamine can also react with aldehydes or ketones to form imines, which are important in organic synthesis.
Cyclohexylamine can be converted into cyclohexanone by oxidation, or it can be alkylated to form secondary or tertiary amines.
Cyclohexylamine is known by various alternative names, including aminocyclohexane, hexahydroaniline, and aminohexahydrobenzene these names reflect its chemical structure and its relationship to cyclohexane and aniline.

Cyclohexylamine is a versatile building block for the synthesis of various alkaline derivatives.
Cyclohexylamine can undergo reactions to form cyclohexylammonium salts, cyclohexylamide, cyclohexylthiourea, and other compounds these derivatives find applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.

Cyclohexylamine is employed as a corrosion inhibitor in various industrial processes, especially in the oil and gas industry.
Cyclohexylamine helps protect metal surfaces from corrosion by forming a protective film.

Cyclohexylamine is used as a pH regulator or buffer in certain chemical reactions.
Cyclohexylamine can stabilize the pH of a solution and control the acidity or basicity of the system.

Cyclohexylamine is utilized as an accelerator or curing agent in the production of rubber, particularly for the vulcanization process.
Cyclohexylamine helps improve the properties and performance of rubber materials.

Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization and is a building block for pharmaceuticals.

Uses
Cyclohexylamine used in organic synthesis, manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, rubber chemicals, dyestuffs, emulsifiers, dry cleaning soaps, acid gas absorbers
Cyclohexylamine is used primarily as corrosion inhibitor and vulcanization accelerator.
Alone or mixed with other compounds, Cyclohexylamine has an anticorrosive action, for example, when used as an additive in heating oil or in the operation of steam boilers.

Cyclohexylamine is used in the manufacture of a number of products, including plasticizers, drycleaning soaps, insecticides, and emulsifying agents.
Cyclohexylamine is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and in organic synthesis.
Cyclohexylamine functions as a hardener for epoxy resins and as a catalyst for polyurethanes.

Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate and calcium cyclohexylsulfamate (cyclamates) are important artificial sweeteners. In polyamide polymerizations, cyclohexylamine is employed as chain terminator to control the molecular mass.
Cyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.
Cyclohexylamine is used in making dyes, chemi- cals, dry cleaning chemicals; insecticides, plasticizers, rub- ber chemicals; and as a chemical intermediate in the production of cyclamate sweeteners.

Cyclohexylamine, used in water treat- ment and as a boiler feedwater additive.
Cyclohexylamine is also used in rubber production to retard degradation.
Cyclohexylaminehas an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Cyclohexylamineis used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining.
Cyclohexylamineis used for the manufacture of: and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Cyclohexylamine is used as a reagent in polymerization reactions, such as the production of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Cyclohexylamine is used as a solvent and extractant in various chemical processes.
Cyclohexylamine is employed in the extraction of fatty acids, resins, and waxes from raw materials.

Cyclohexylamine is also used as a solvent for certain dyes, waxes, and pharmaceuticals.
Cyclohexylamine is used as a fuel additive, particularly in diesel fuel.
Cyclohexylamine helps improve fuel combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and prevent the formation of deposits in engines.

Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives find application in the rubber industry.
Cyclohexylamine are used as accelerators and antidegradants in the production of rubber products such as tires, conveyor belts, and seals.
Cyclohexylamine are enhance the curing process and improve the mechanical properties and durability of rubber materials.

Cyclohexylamine is employed in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Cyclohexylamine can serve as a curing agent or accelerator in epoxy-based adhesives, providing improved bonding strength and durability.
Cyclohexylamine is used in gas purification processes, particularly in the removal of acidic gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Cyclohexylamine can react with these impurities to form water-soluble salts, thereby purifying the gas stream.
Cyclohexylamine can be used in surface treatment processes, such as metal cleaning and electroplating.
Cyclohexylamine can remove rust and other contaminants from metal surfaces, preparing them for further treatment or coating.

Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives are employed in water treatment processes.
Cyclohexylamine can be used as corrosion inhibitors and pH regulators in cooling water systems, boiler feedwaters, and industrial wastewater treatment.
Cyclohexylamine is widely used in chemical research and organic synthesis laboratories.

Cyclohexylamine can be employed as a reagent or building block in the synthesis of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.
Cyclohexylamine is utilized in various laboratory applications, such as in the preparation of buffer solutions or as a reagent for organic reactions.
Cyclohexylamine can be used as a base or catalyst in certain reactions and can participate in organic transformations.

Cyclohexylamine as a Metalworking Fluid: Cyclohexylamine is utilized in the formulation of metalworking fluids, such as cutting fluids and coolants.
Cyclohexylamine acts as a corrosion inhibitor, lubricant, and pH regulator, enhancing the performance and lifespan of metalworking processes.

Cyclohexylamine as a Heat Transfer Fluid: Due to its low viscosity and good thermal stability, cyclohexylamine is used as a heat transfer fluid in various industrial applications.
Cyclohexylamine transfers heat efficiently in heat exchange systems, such as refrigeration, HVAC, and thermal management processes.

Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives find application in the textile industry.
They are used as softeners, dyeing assistants, and anti-static agents in textile processing, improving the fabric's feel, appearance, and performance.

Cyclohexylamine as a Flotation Agent: Cyclohexylamine is employed as a flotation agent in mineral processing, particularly in the recovery of copper and other metals from ores. Cyclohexylamine helps separate valuable minerals from gangue materials by selectively adhering to the mineral surfaces.

Cyclohexylamine in Analytical Chemistry: In addition to its applications as a derivatizing agent, cyclohexylamine is used in analytical chemistry for the determination of various compounds.
Cyclohexylamine can be employed as a mobile phase component in chromatography techniques, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC).
Cyclohexylamine as a Food Additive: Cyclohexylamine and its salts are used as food additives in certain countries they may serve as pH regulators or flavoring agents in specific food products.

Polymer Industry: In addition to being used as a reagent in polymerization reactions, cyclohexylamine finds application as a stabilizer and emulsifier in the production of synthetic polymers.
Cyclohexylamine helps improve the stability and processing characteristics of polymer materials.

Cyclohexylamine as a Solvent for Organic Reactions: Due to its solvating properties, cyclohexylamine is utilized as a solvent in various organic reactions.
Cyclohexylamine can dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, making it useful for reaction mixtures, extractions, and separations.

Cyclohexylamine as a Rubber Accelerator: Cyclohexylamine derivatives, such as N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBTS), are used as rubber accelerators they promote the vulcanization process in rubber manufacturing, enhancing the speed and efficiency of cross-linking reactions.

Cyclohexylamine as a pH Regulator in Personal Care Products: Cyclohexylamine is employed as a pH regulator in personal care products, such as shampoos and hair conditioners.
Cyclohexylamine helps adjust and stabilize the pH of these products to ensure optimal performance and compatibility with the skin and hair.

Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Industry: Cyclohexylamine is utilized in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Cyclohexylamine serves as a building block for the production of various drugs, including antihistamines, local anesthetics, and antidepressants.
In the agrochemical sector, Cyclohexylamine is used in the synthesis of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.

Gas Treatment: Cyclohexylamine is used in gas treatment processes, particularly in the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural gas and refinery gas streams.
Cyclohexylamine acts as a selective absorbent, helping to purify the gas by removing these impurities.
Resin Hardening: Cyclohexylamine is employed as a hardener or curing agent for epoxy resins.

Cyclohexylamine reacts with epoxy resins to form cross-linked structures, improving the strength, durability, and chemical resistance of the final product.
Cyclohexylamine makes it useful in applications such as adhesives, coatings, and composite materials.

Electroplating: Cyclohexylamine is used in electroplating processes as a complexing agent and pH regulator.
Cyclohexylamine helps in the deposition of metal coatings on various substrates, providing corrosion resistance, decorative finishes, and enhanced conductivity.

Foam Stabilizer: In the production of polyurethane foams, cyclohexylamine is utilized as a foam stabilizer and catalyst.
Cyclohexylamine helps regulate the foam formation process and improves the stability, strength, and cell structure of the foams.

Chemical Analysis: Cyclohexylamine is employed in analytical chemistry techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Cyclohexylamine can be used as a derivatizing agent to enhance the detectability and stability of certain compounds for analysis.
Cyclohexylamine is an important intermediate in the manufacturing of various chemicals.
Cyclohexylamine is involved in the production of corrosion inhibitors, lubricant additives, fuel additives, and surfactants.

Analytical Chemistry: Cyclohexylamine is sometimes used as a derivatizing agent in analytical chemistry. It can be employed to convert certain compounds into more stable or volatile forms for analysis by gas chromatography or other analytical techniques.

Uses in Personal Care Products: Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives find application in the personal care industry. They are used as fragrance ingredients, pH adjusters, and surfactants in cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, and other personal care products.

Industrial Cleaning: Due to its alkaline nature, cyclohexylamine is utilized in industrial cleaning products.
Cyclohexylamine can be found in formulations for degreasers, metal cleaners, and industrial detergents.

Health and Safety: When working with cyclohexylamine, it is important to follow safety precautions.
Cyclohexylamine can cause irritation to the respiratory system, eyes, and skin. In case of exposure, immediate medical attention should be sought, and contaminated clothing should be removed.
Emergency procedures and first aid measures should be readily available in areas where cyclohexylamine is handled.

Transportation: Cyclohexylamine is classified as a hazardous material for transportation due to its toxicity and flammability properties.
Cyclohexylamine should be transported and stored in accordance with relevant regulations and guidelines to ensure safety.

Research and Development: Cyclohexylamine continues to be an area of interest in research and development.
Scientists are exploring its potential applications in various fields, such as catalysis, material synthesis, and medicinal chemistry.
Cyclohexylamine is important to handle cyclohexylamine with care, as it can be toxic and irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Proper safety precautions should be followed when working with this compound.Several analytical methods are used to detect and quantify cyclohexylamine in various samples. These methods include gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and spectrophotometric techniques.
Analytical methods can be employed to ensure the quality control of cyclohexylamine in different applications.

Industrial uses
The primary use of cyclohexylamine is as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler water treatment and in oil field applications.
Cyclohexylamine is also a chemical intermediate for rubber processing chemicals, dyes (acid blue 62, former use), cyclamate artificial sweeteners and herbicides and a processing agent for nylon fiber production.
Windholz et al reports its use in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, and acid gas absorbents.

Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives have been studied for their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
They can be used as building blocks for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds, including drugs for cardiovascular diseases, analgesics, and antiviral agents.

Cyclohexylamine is utilized in the production of agrochemicals such as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides.
Cyclohexylamine can serve as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of active ingredients used to protect crops from pests, diseases, and weeds.

Production Methods
Cyclohexylamine is produced by the reaction of ammonia and cyclohexanol at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst.
Cyclohexylamine is also prepared by a similar process of catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the product of this reaction yields Cyclohexylamine, aniline, and a high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine.

Cyclohexylamine is primarily produced through the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline, which is derived from benzene.
The reaction involves adding hydrogen gas under high pressure and temperature to convert aniline to cyclohexylamine.

Reactions
Cyclohexylamine reacts with chlorine to form N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine.
N-Cyclohexylidenecyclohexylamine reacts with chloramine to give 1-cyclohexyl-3,3-pentamethylenediaziridine, which can be hydrolyzed to give cyclohexylhydrazine.

Cyclohexylamine and formaldehyde together react with peracetic acid to give 2-cyclohexyloxaziridine.
Cyclohexylamine to using alkyl halides, alkyl sulfates, or alkyl phosphates, cyclohexylamine can be alkylated with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum oxide, copper, nickel, cobalt, or platinum, or by the Leuckart – Wallach method.

Fire Hazard
Cyclohexylamine, when heated to decomposition, Cyclohexylamine emits highly toxic fumes.
Vapor may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion.
Nitric acid; reacts vigorously with oxiding materials, stable, avoid physical damage, storage with oxidizing material.

Cyclohexylamine, a poison by ingestion, skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes, experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects.
Cyclohexylamine, a severe human skin irritant, can cause dermatitis and convulsions.
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers to fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical.

Synonyms
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexanamine
108-91-8
Aminocyclohexane
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine
Aminohexahydrobenzene
Cyclohexyl amine
1-Cyclohexylamine
1-Aminocyclohexane
Aniline, hexahydro-
Benzenamine, hexahydro-
Aminocylcohexane
cyclohexyl-amine
1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANE
CCRIS 3645
HSDB 918
cyclohexaneamine
UNII-I6GH4W7AEG
Cyclohexylamine.HCl
I6GH4W7AEG
157973-60-9
DTXSID1023996
CHEBI:15773
MFCD00001486
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
DTXCID203996
CAS-108-91-8
HAI
EINECS 203-629-0
UN2357
BRN 0471175
cylohexylamine
cyclohexylarnine
cyclo-hexylamine
AI3-15323
cyclohexane-amine
n-cyclohexylamine
cyclohexanyl amine
Hexahydro-Aniline
monocyclohexylamine
4-Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylamine,(S)
Hexahydro-Benzenamine
Cyclohexanamine, 9CI
CyNH2
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
Cyclohexylamine, 99.5%
bmse000451
EC 203-629-0
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
4-12-00-00008 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0290
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [INCI]
GTPL5507
CHEMBL1794762
BDBM81970
BCP30928
Tox21_202380
Tox21_300038
STK387114
AKOS000119083
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
UN 2357
VS-0326
Aminocyclohexane pound>>Hexahydroaniline
NCGC00247889-01
NCGC00247889-02
NCGC00253922-01
NCGC00259929-01
AM802905
BP-21278
CAS_108-91-8
NCI60_004907
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Cyclohexylamine 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.9%
FT-0624217
EN300-16958
C00571
J-002206
J-520164
Q1147539
F2190-0381
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine is a clear, colorless to yellow liquid with a strong, fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.

CAS Number: 108-91-8
EC Number: 203-629-0
Molecular Formula: C6H13N
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 99.18

Cyclohexylamine has a melting and boiling plant at 17.7 ºC and 134.5 ºC respectively.
Like all other amines Cyclohexylamine has a weak base when compared to other strong bases including NaOH and has a stronger base than aniline, which differs only in than Cyclohexylamine ring in aromatic.

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.

Cyclohexylamine has a fishy odor and is miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but Cyclohexylamine is a stronger base than Cyclohexylamine aromatic analog, aniline.

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.

Cyclohexylamine has a fishy odor and is miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but Cyclohexylamine is a stronger base than Cyclohexylamine aromatic analog, aniline.

Cyclohexylamine is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g. cyclamate)

Cyclohexylamine is used especially for the industrial water treatment, for the production of cure accelerator, for the manufacturing of synthetic sweeteners and in a rubber industry for the production of vulcanization accelerators.
On the basis of end user demands and desires, industrial Cyclohexylamine can be utilized for various respective applications for various respective industries like agriculture, rubber, food, oil, pharma, petroleum and textile industries.

Cyclohexylamine market size has foreseen dynamic growth owing to Cyclohexylamine increased usage as a corrosion inhibitor for boiler water treatment plants and low corrosion inhibitor in oil field production where high alkalinity is preferred.
Cyclohexylamine is also used in manufacturing of several synthetic chemicals which include acid gas absorbents, dry cleaning soaps, emulsifying agents, plasticizers and insecticides.

Cyclohexylamine is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Cyclohexylamine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Cyclohexylamine is a clear, colorless to yellow liquid with a strong, fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor for boiler feed water, and to make other chemicals and insecticides.

Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.
Cyclohexylamine is flash point 90 °F.

Cyclohexylamine is also used in rubber industry for manufacturing of vulcanization accelerators.
Moreover, increasing use in making synthetic sweeteners and for industrial water treatments will further augment the industry growth.
Some other amines, especially morpholine is replacing Cyclohexylamine demand in water boiler treatment may act as a restraint for industrial cyclohexylamine market over the forecasted period of time.

Cyclohexylamine generally is found from wood plant of toddalia asiatica.
Cyclohexylamine is a strong base and a flammable liquid.

Cyclohexylamine is manufactured by the catalyst hydrogenation of aniline at high pressure and temperature by the reduction of nitrocyclohexane or by the ammonolysis of cyclohexanol.
Cyclohexylamine is colourless or yellowish colour liquid with odour of ammonia or fish.
Cyclohexylamine is also referred as Hexahydroaniline, Aminohexahydrobenzene, Aminocyclohexane and Cyclohexanamine.

Cyclohexylamine is irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Skin contact may cause burns.
Cyclohexylamine is less dense than water.

Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.

Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.
Cyclohexylamine is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum asiaticum and Phaseolus vulgaris with data available.

Cyclohexylamine is used in the manufacturing of chemical intermediates, insecticide intermediates, rubber accelerators, water treatment chemicals and corrosion inhibitors.
Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.

Cyclohexylamine is a colorless organic liquid having a substituent of an amine group.
Cyclohexylamine is used in low-pressure boilers where the condensate works for a longer period of time.

Cyclohexylamine is used especially for the industrial water treatment, for the production of cure accelerator, for the manufacturing of synthetic sweeteners and in a rubber industry for Cyclohexylamineion of vulcanisation accelerators.
Cyclohexylamine is typically used as an intermediate in synthesis for different herbicides, antioxidants and pharmaceuticals.

Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization and is a building block for pharmaceuticals.

Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.

Cyclohexylamine is a colorless organic liquid having a substituent of an amine group.
Cyclohexylamine is used in low-pressure boilers where the condensate works for a longer period of time.

Cyclohexylamine can remain along with condensate steam at various steam pressures which cannot be done with other neutralizing amines.
Cyclohexylamine is a metabolite of cyclamate and has been found to be useful in production of other organic compounds.

Cyclohexylamine is a food contaminant arising from Cyclohexylamine use as a boiler water additive Cyclohexylamine, also called hexahydroaniline, 1-aminocyclohexane, or aminohexahydrobenzene, is an organic chemical, an amine derived from cyclohexane.
Cyclohexylamine is a clear to yellowish liquid with fishy odor, with melting point of 17.7 °C and boiling point 134.5 °C, miscible with water.

Cyclohexylamine is flammable, with flash point at 28.6 °C.
Explosive mixtures with air can be formed above 26 °C.

Cyclohexylamine is toxic by both ingestion and inhalation; the inhalation itself may be fatal.
Cyclohexylamine readily absorbs through skin, which Cyclohexylamine irritates.

Cyclohexylamine is corrosive.
Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act

Although cyclohexylamine was not considered to be harmful to human health at levels of exposure considered in the assessment, Cyclohexylamine is considered to have a health effect of concern due to Cyclohexylamines potential to cause reproductive effects.

Therefore, there may be a concern if exposures were to increase.
The proposed follow-up activity for cyclohexylamine is to apply the SNAc provisions of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.

Cyclohexylamine also has some health hazardous effects including toxic and caustic.
Cyclohexylamine also cause irritation in eyes and also there is possible risk of impaired fertility.

On the basis of Cyclohexylamine application, industrial cyclohexylamine market can be segmented into artificial sweeteners, corrosion inhibitors, accelerators in rubber industry, water treatment industry.
Cyclohexylamine is also used in manufacturing several synthetic chemicals, including acid gas absorbents, dry cleaning soaps, dyes, emulsifying agents, plasticizers and insecticides.

Among these, water treatment industry hold a major share in application segment.
Upsurge in use of rubber in various end uses is likely to drive Cyclohexylamine market over the estimated years.

Industrial cyclohexylamine market can be divided on the basis of end user industry into agriculture, chemical, dyes & pigments, rubber, food, oil, pharmaceutical, petroleum and textile industries.
Amongst, chemical synthesis and rubber industry holds a maximum portion in end user industry segment and is considered to remain the same during the forecasted years.

North America industrial cyclohexylamine market will witness significant growth due to presence of substantial number of industries in the region.
Rising research & development activities in the region will provide positive outlook to the industry growth.

Upsurge in chemical and pharmaceutical industries will be the key reasons for propelling the future growth.
Boom in shale gas & oil in the U.S. may have a positive effect on the industry market.

Europe industrial cyclohexylamine market is the second biggest market and the region will observe the same strong trend over the estimated years.
Rise in automotive industries has raised the demand for tyres, thereby impelling the industry demand.
Propagating textile and chemical sector in the region will further enhance the market.

Asia Pacific industrial cyclohexylamine market is the fastest growing region owing to rapid industrialization & urbanization and expanding textile & pharmaceutical industries.
Increasing number of water treatment plants owing to growing population will boost the industry demand.
Also, upsurge in chemical activities in various countries in the region will support the market.

Applications of Cyclohexylamine:
Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization.

Cyclohexylamine is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators).
The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor.

The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.
Cyclohexylamine has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.

Uses of Cyclohexylamine:
Cyclohexylamine is used to inhibit corrosion in boiler feed water and to manufacture insecticides, plasticizers, dry-cleaning soaps, rubber chemicals, dye stuffs, and gas absorbents.
Cyclohexylamine is boiler water treatment, rubber accelerator, intermediate in organic synthesis

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Cyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.
Cyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining.

Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Uses at industrial sites:
Cyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.
Cyclohexylamine has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Cyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining.
Cyclohexylamine is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Corrosion inhibitor
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Fuel
Heat transferring agent
Intermediate
Intermediates
Lubricating agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Solvent

Consumer Uses:
Corrosion inhibitor
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Fuel
Intermediate
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Preparation of Cyclohexylamine:

Cyclohexylamine is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:
C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2

Cyclohexylamine is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.

Manufacturing Methods
Prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temp and pressures.
Fractionation of crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unchanged aniline, and high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine (cyclohexylaniline) and dicyclohexylamine.

Cyclohexylamine is formed by the reaction of ammonia and cyclohexanol at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst.

General Manufacturing Information of Cyclohexylamine:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (requires additional information)
Rubber Product Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Utilities

Human Metabolite Information of Cyclohexylamine:

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Reactivity Profile of Cyclohexylamine:
Cyclohexylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Handling and Storage of Cyclohexylamine:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Cyclohexylamine without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.
For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Safe Storage:
Separated from acids, oxidants, aluminium, copper, zinc and food and feedstuffs.

Storage Conditions:
Outside or detached storage is preferred.
Avoid oxidizing materials, acid, and sources of halogen.
Store in a cool, dry well-ventilated location.

First Aid Measures of Cyclohexylamine:
Cyclohexylamine is an alkaline-corrosive agent.
Contact with eyes may result in severe damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and blood vessels.
Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Cyclohexylamine Exposure:
Acute exposure to cyclohexylamine may result in irritation and burning of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Light-headedness, drowsiness, slurred speech, pupillary dilation, increased salivation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), abdominal pain, and spontaneous vomiting may occur.

Stridor (high-pitched, noisy respirations), dyspnea (shortness of breath), and pulmonary edema are also common.
Apathy and mental confusion may develop, with progression to coma and death.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to cyclohexylamine exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims.
Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination.

Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary.
Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:
Move victims to fresh air.
Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyclohexylamine.

Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma.
If no pulse is detected, provide CPR.

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:
Remove victims from exposure.
Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyclohexylamine.

Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma.
If no pulse is detected, provide CPR.

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 30 minutes.

Wash exposed skin areas for at least 15 minutes with water.
Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:
Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma.
If no pulse is detected, provide CPR.

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!
Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Activated charcoal is of no value.
Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup).
Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.
Transport to a health care facility.

Fire Fighting of Cyclohexylamine:
Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.
Use dry chemical, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide; water may be ineffective.

Move container from fire area if you can do Cyclohexylamine without risk.
Stay away from ends of tanks.

Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire.

Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry.
Isolate for one-half mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.
Stay upwind; keep out of low areas.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide.
Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Solid streams of water may be ineffective and spread material.

Identifiers of Cyclohexylamine:
CAS Number: 108-91-8
3DMet: B00135
ChEBI: CHEBI:15773
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1794762
ChemSpider: 7677
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.300
EC Number: 203-629-0
IUPHAR/BPS: 5507
KEGG: C00571
PubChem CID: 7965
RTECS number: GX0700000
UNII: I6GH4W7AEG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA):
DTXSID1023996
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2
Key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2
Key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYAP
SMILES: NC1CCCCC1

CAS number: 108-91-8
EC index number: 612-050-00-6
EC number: 203-629-0
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₃N
Chemical formula: C₆H₁₁NH₂
Molar Mass: 99.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 30 10

Synonym(s): Aminocyclohexane
Linear Formula: C6H11NH2
CAS Number: 108-91-8
Molecular Weight: 99.17
Beilstein: 471175
EC Number: 203-629-0
MDL number: MFCD00001486
PubChem Substance ID: 24854426
NACRES: NA.22

EC / List no.: 203-629-0
CAS no.: 108-91-8
Mol. formula: C6H13N

CAS: 108-91-8
Molecular Formula: C6H13N
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 99.18
InChI Key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 7965
ChEBI: CHEBI:15773
IUPAC Name: cyclohexanamine
SMILES: C1CCC(CC1)N

Properties of Cyclohexylamine:
Chemical formula: C6H13N
Molar mass: 99.17
Appearance: clear to yellowish liquid
Odor: strong, fishy, amine odor
Density: 0.8647 g/cm3
Melting point: −17.7 °C (0.1 °F; 255.5 K)
Boiling point: 134.5 °C (274.1 °F; 407.6 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible
Solubility: very soluble in ethanol, oil
miscible in ethers, acetone, esters, alcohol, ketones
Vapor pressure: 11 mmHg (20° C)
Acidity (pKa): 10.64
Refractive index (nD): 1.4565

Boiling point: 133 - 134 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.866 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.6 - 9.4 %(V)
Flash point: 27 °C
Ignition temperature: 265 °C
Melting Point: -17 °C
pH value: 11.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 30.66 hPa (37.7 °C)

Vapor density: 3.42 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200

Vapor pressure:
10 mmHg ( 22 °C)
23 mmHg ( 37.7 °C)

Assay: ≥99.9%
Form: liquid
Autoignition temp.: 559 °F
Refractive index: n20/D 1.459 (lit.)
bp: 134 °C (lit.)
mp: −17 °C (lit.)

Solubility:
Organic solvents: miscible
Water: miscible

Density: 0.867 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: NC1CCCCC1
InChI: 1S/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2
InChI key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 99.17
XLogP3: 1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 99.104799419
Monoisotopic Mass: 99.104799419
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 46.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Cyclohexylamine:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.866 - 0.868
Water (K. F.): ≤ 0.30 %
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -17.0°C
Density: 0.8665g/mL
Boiling Point: 133.0°C to 134.0°C
Flash Point: 27°C
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Linear Formula: C6H11NH2
Beilstein: 12,5
Packaging: Glass bottle
Merck Index: 15,2722
Refractive Index: 1.4580 to 1.4600
Quantity: 2.5 L
Specific Gravity: 0.8665
Formula Weight: 99.18
Percent Purity: 99%
Viscosity: 2.4 mPa.s (20°C)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Cyclohexylamine

Related Products of Cyclohexylamine:
N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
N,N-Dimethylpiperidine-4-sulfonamide Hydrochloride
Des-4-methylenepiperidine Efinaconazole
2,3-Difluorophenyl Efinaconazole Diol
3-Isobutylaniline

Names of Cyclohexylamine:

Regulatory process names:
1-Aminocyclohexane
1-Cyclohexylamine
Aminocyclohexane
Aminohexahydrobenzene
Aniline, hexahydro-
Benzenamine, hexahydro-
CHA
Cyclohexylamine
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine
cyclohexylamine
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine

Translated names:
CHA (pl)
ciclo-hexilamina (pt)
cicloesilammina (it)
ciclohexilamina (es)
ciclohexilamină (ro)
cikloheksilamin (sl)
cikloheksilaminas (lt)
cikloheksilamīns (lv)
ciklohexil-amin (hu)
cikoheksilamin (hr)
cyclohexylamin (da)
Cyclohexylamin (de)
cyclohexylamine (fr)
cyclohexylamine (nl)
cykloheksylamin (no)
cykloheksyloamina (pl)
cyklohexylamin (cs)
cyklohexylamin (sv)
cyklohexylamín (sk)
sykloheksyyliamiini (fi)
tsükloheksüülamiin (et)
ċikloeżilammina (mt)
κυκλοεξυλαμίνη (el)
циклохексиламин (bg)

CAS name:
Cyclohexanamine

IUPAC names:
cyclohexamine
Cyclohexanamine
cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexylamin
Cyclohexylamine
cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylamine
cyclohexylamine
N-ethyl-1- phenylcyclohexan-1-amine

Preferred IUPAC name:
Cyclohexanamine

Trade names:
1-AMINOCYCLOHEXAN
AMINOHEXAHYDROBENZOL
CHA
CYCLOHEXANAMIN
CYCLOHEXYLAMIN
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine
cyclohexylamine
HEXAHYDROANILIN

Other names:
Aminocyclohexane
Aminohexahydrobenzene
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine

Other identifiers:
108-91-8
1357848-57-7
1357848-57-7
143247-75-0
143247-75-0
1533423-50-5
1533423-50-5
157973-60-9
157973-60-9
612-050-00-6

Synonyms of Cyclohexylamine:
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexanamine
108-91-8
Aminocyclohexane
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine
Aminohexahydrobenzene
Cyclohexyl amine
1-Cyclohexylamine
1-Aminocyclohexane
Aniline, hexahydro-
Benzenamine, hexahydro-
Aminocylcohexane
cyclohexyl-amine
1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANE
CCRIS 3645
HSDB 918
cyclohexaneamine
UNII-I6GH4W7AEG
Cyclohexylamine.HCl
I6GH4W7AEG
157973-60-9
CHEBI:15773
MFCD00001486
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
CAS-108-91-8
HAI
EINECS 203-629-0
UN2357
BRN 0471175
cylohexylamine
cyclohexylarnine
cyclo-hexylamine
AI3-15323
cyclohexane-amine
n-cyclohexylamine
cyclohexanyl amine
Hexahydro-Aniline
monocyclohexylamine
4-Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylamine,(S)
Hexahydro-Benzenamine
Cyclohexanamine, 9CI
CyNH2
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
Cyclohexylamine, 99.5%
bmse000451
EC 203-629-0
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
4-12-00-00008 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0290
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [INCI]
GTPL5507
CHEMBL1794762
DTXSID1023996
BDBM81970
BCP30928
Tox21_202380
Tox21_300038
STK387114
ZINC12358775
AKOS000119083
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
UN 2357
VS-0326
Aminocyclohexane pound>>Hexahydroaniline
NCGC00247889-01
NCGC00247889-02
NCGC00253922-01
NCGC00259929-01
AM802905
BP-21278
CAS_108-91-8
NCI60_004907
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Cyclohexylamine 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.9%
FT-0624217
EN300-16958
C00571
J-002206
J-520164
Q1147539
F2190-0381
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE (CHA)
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.

CAS: 108-91-8
MF: C6H13N
MW: 99.17
EINECS: 203-629-0

Synonyms
1-Aminocyclohexane;1-Cyclohexylamine;aminocyclohexane[qr];Aminohexahydrobenzene;aminohexahydrobenzene[qr];Aniline, hexahydro-;Benzenamine, hexahydro-;benzenamine,hexahydro-[qr];CYCLOHEXYLAMINE;Cyclohexanamine;108-91-8;Aminocyclohexane;Hexahydroaniline;Hexahydrobenzenamine;Aminohexahydrobenzene;1-Cyclohexylamine;Cyclohexyl amine;1-Aminocyclohexane;Aniline, hexahydro-;Benzenamine, hexahydro-;cyclohexyl-amine;CCRIS 3645;HSDB 918;UNII-I6GH4W7AEG;1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANE;cyclohexaneamine;I6GH4W7AEG;monocyclohexylamine;EINECS 203-629-0;BRN 0471175;DTXSID1023996;CHEBI:15773;AI3-15323;Cyclohexylamine.HCl;157973-609;DTXCID203996;Aminocylcohexane;EC 203-629-0;4-12-00-00008 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
;MFCD00001486;Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive];CAS-108-91-8;HAI;GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY);GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY];UN2357;cylohexylamine;cyclohexylarnine;cyclo-hexylamine;cyclohexane-amine;n-cyclohexylamine;cyclohexanyl amine;Hexahydro-Aniline
;4-Cyclohexylamine;Glipizide Imp. B (EP); Sodium Cyclamate Imp. C (EP); Cyclohexanamine; Glipizide Impurity B; ;Sodium Cyclamate Impurity C;Cyclohexylamine,(S);Hexahydro-Benzenamine
;Cyclohexanamine, 9CI;CyNH2;Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive];Cyclohexylamine, 99.5%;bmse000451;CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI];BIDD:ER0290;CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB];CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [INCI];GTPL5507;CHEMBL1794762;BDBM81970;BCP30928;Tox21_202380;Tox21_300038;AKOS000119083;Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%;UN 2357;VS-0326;Aminocyclohexane pound>>Hexahydroaniline;NCGC00247889-01;NCGC00247889-02;NCGC00253922-01;NCGC00259929-01;AM802905;BP-21278;CAS_108-91-8;NCI60_004907;Cyclohexylamine 1000 microg/mL in Methanol;Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.9%;NS00001272;EN300-16958;C00571;J-002206;J-520164;Q1147539;F2190-0381;InChI=1/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless to yellow liquid (amines, primary aromatic).
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has an unpleasant fishyodor.
Molecular weight=99.20; Specific gravity=0.87;Boiling point=134.4℃; Freezing/Melting point 52 -17.7℃; Vapor pressure=11 mmHg at 20℃; Flashpoint=31℃; Autoignition temperature=293℃.
Explosivelimits: LEL=1.5%; UEL=9.4%.
Hazard Identification(based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 3,Flammability 3,Reactivity 0.
Soluble in water.

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.
Flash point 90 °F.
Irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Skin contact may cause burns.
Less dense than water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has a fishy odor and is miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds.

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is an organic compound of the aliphatic amine group, also known as aminocyclohexane and cyclohexane amine.
The chemical formula of this colorless liquid is C3H13N.
However, like other amines, Cyclohexylamine (CHA) may appear colored due to the presence of contaminants.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) smells like fish and can be mixed with water and other organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, ketones and aliphatic and aromatic esters.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) was introduced in 1893 but was not used economically in the United States until 1936.
But today Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is one of the most highly produced chemicals in the chemical industry and has an annual production of over one million in the United States.

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -17 °C
Boiling point: 134 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.867 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 3.42 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 22 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.459(lit.)
Fp: 90 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: organic solvents: miscible
Form: Liquid
pka: 10.66(at 24℃)
Color: Clear
Odor: strong fishy odor
PH: 11.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 1.6-9.4%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
FreezingPoint: -17.7℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,2729
BRN: 471175
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 10 ppm (~40 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Dielectric constant: 5.3(-21℃)
InChIKey: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.7 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 108-91-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclohexylamine (CHA)(108-91-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclohexylamine (CHA) (108-91-8)

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless to yellow liquid (amines, primary aromatic).
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has an unpleasant fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is infinitely miscible with water and conventional organic solvents.
With water Cyclohexylamine (CHA) forms an azeotrope that contains 44.2 % cyclohexylamine and boils at 96.4℃.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) can be volatilized with water vapor.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) can absorb carbon dioxide in the air and form a white crystalline carbonate.
Aqueous solution is alkaline.
0.01% concentration of aqueous solution pH = 10.5.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA)'s vapor and air to form an explosive mixture.

Uses
In organic synthesis, manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, rubber chemicals, dyestuffs, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, acid gas absorbents.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is used primarily as corrosion inhibitor and vulcanization accelerator.
Alone or mixed with other compounds, Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has an anticorrosive action, for example, when used as an additive in heating oil or in the operation of steam boilers.
Cyclohexylamine functions as a hardener for epoxy resins and as a catalyst for polyurethanes.
Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate and calcium cyclohexylsulfamate (cyclamates) are important artificial sweeteners.
In polyamide polymerizations, Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is employed as chain terminator to control the molecular mass.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is used in the manufacture of a number of products, including plasticizers, drycleaning soaps, insecticides, and emulsifying agents.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and in organic synthesis.

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators).
The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor.
The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from Cyclohexylamine (CHA).
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.

Industrial uses
The primary use of Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler water treatment and in oil field applications (HSDB 1989).
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is also a chemical intermediate for rubber processing chemicals, dyes (acid blue 62, former use), cyclamate artificial sweeteners and herbicides and a processing agent for nylon fiber production.
Windholz et al. reports its use in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, and acid gas absorbents.

Production Methods
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is produced by the reaction of ammonia and cyclohexanol at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is also prepared by a similar process of catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the product of this reaction yields CHA, aniline, and a high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine.
In 1982, U.S. production was 4.54 metric tons and 739.3 metric tons were imported into the U.S.

Reactions
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) reacts with chlorine to form N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine.
N-Cyclohexylidenecyclohexylamine reacts with chloramine to give 1-cyclohexyl-3,3-pentamethylenediaziridine, which can be hydrolyzed to give cyclohexylhydrazine.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) and formaldehyde together react with peracetic acid to give 2-cyclohexyloxaziridine.
In addition to using alkyl halides, alkyl sulfates, or alkyl phosphates, cyclohexylamine can be alkylated with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum oxide, copper, nickel, cobalt, or platinum, or by the Leuckart – Wallach method.

Reactivity Profile
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Preparation
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:

C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.

Toxicity
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has a low acute toxicity with LD50 (rat; p.o.) = 0.71 ml/kg[6] Like other amines, it is corrosive.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has suggested workers not be exposed to a recommended exposure limit of over 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) over an eight-hour workshift.
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE BENZOATE
Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) IUPAC Name benzoic acid;cyclohexanamine Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) InChI InChI=1S/C7H6O2.C6H13N/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6;7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,(H,8,9);6H,1-5,7H2 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) InChI Key CIFYUXXXOJJPOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Canonical SMILES C1CCC(CC1)N.C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Molecular Formula C13H19NO2 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) CAS 3129-92-8 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) European Community (EC) Number 221-516-4 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) NSC Number 211025 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID4062856 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Physical Description DryPowder Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Molecular Weight 221.29 g/mol Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Rotatable Bond Count 1 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Exact Mass 221.141579 g/mol Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Monoisotopic Mass 221.141579 g/mol Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Topological Polar Surface Area 63.3 Ų Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Heavy Atom Count 16 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Formal Charge 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Complexity 150 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Isotope Atom Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is used as pharmaceutical intermediate,volatile corrosion Inhibitor.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a white (or colorless) solid with the formula C6H5CO2H. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source. Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) are used as food preservatives. Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. The salts and esters of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) are known as benzoates.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) was discovered in the sixteenth century. The dry distillation of gum benzoin was first described by Nostradamus (1556), and then by Alexius Pedemontanus (1560) and Blaise de Vigenère (1596).Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler determined the composition of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) .These latter also investigated how hippuric acid is related to Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) .In 1875 Salkowski discovered the antifungal abilities of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) , which was used for a long time in the preservation of benzoate-containing cloudberry fruits.It is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. This compound is gathered from the castor sacs of the North American beaver.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.The first industrial process involved the reaction of benzotrichloride (trichloromethyl benzene) with calcium hydroxide in water, using iron or iron salts as catalyst. The resulting calcium benzoate is converted to Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) with hydrochloric acid. The product contains significant amounts of chlorinated Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) derivatives. For this reason, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) for human consumption was obtained by dry distillation of gum benzoin. Food-grade Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is now produced synthetically.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. The avoidance of organic solvents for the recrystallization makes this experiment particularly safe. This process usually gives a yield of around 65%.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and its salts are used as a food preservatives, represented by the E numbers E210, E211, E212, and E213. Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. It is either added directly or created from reactions with its sodium, potassium, or calcium salt. The mechanism starts with the absorption of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) into the cell. If the intracellular pH changes to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase is decreased by 95%. The efficacy of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and benzoate is thus dependent on the pH of the food. Acidic food and beverage like fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbon dioxide), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), pickles (vinegar) or other acidified food are preserved with Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and benzoates.Typical levels of use for Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) as a preservative in food are between 0.05–0.1%. Foods in which Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) may be used and maximum levels for its application are controlled by local food laws.Concern has been expressed that Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and its salts may react with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in some soft drinks, forming small quantities of carcinogenic benzene.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a constituent of Whitfield's ointment which is used for the treatment of fungal skin diseases such as tinea, ringworm, and athlete's foot.As the principal component of gum benzoin, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is also a major ingredient in both tincture of benzoin and Friar's balsam. Such products have a long history of use as topical antiseptics and inhalant decongestants.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a precursor to benzoyl chloride, C6H5C(O)Cl by treatment with thionyl chloride, phosgene or one of the chlorides of phosphorus. Benzoyl chloride is an important starting material for several Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) derivates like benzyl benzoate, which is used in artificial flavours and insect repellents.In teaching laboratories, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a common standard for calibrating a bomb calorimeter.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) occurs naturally as do its esters in many plant and animal species. Appreciable amounts are found in most berries (around 0.05%). Ripe fruits of several Vaccinium species (e.g., cranberry, V. vitis macrocarpon; bilberry, V. myrtillus) contain as much as 0.03–0.13% free Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) . Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is also formed in apples after infection with the fungus Nectria galligena. Among animals, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) has been identified primarily in omnivorous or phytophageous species, e.g., in viscera and muscles of the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) as well as in gland secretions of male muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) or Asian bull elephants (Elephas maximus).Gum benzoin contains up to 20% of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and 40% Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) esters.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is an organic compound which is described by the chemical formula C6H5COOH. It consists of a carboxyl group attached to a benzene ring. Therefore, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is said to be an aromatic carboxylic acid. This compound exists as a crystalline, colorless solid under normal conditions. The term ‘benzoate’ refers to the esters and salts of C6H5COOH.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is not very soluble in water. However, the solubility of this compound in water increases when the temperature is increased (as is the case with most compounds). At a temperature of 0 degrees celsius, the solubility of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) in water corresponds to 1.7 grams per litre. When heated to 100 degrees celsius, the solubility of this compound in water increases to 56.31 grams per litre.The commercial production of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is done via the partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen, catalyzed by manganese or cobalt naphthenates. This chemical reaction is illustrated below.Another industrial method of preparing Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is by reacting tri-chlorotoluene with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water, and the treatment of the calcium benzoate product with hydrochloric acid.Although it’s not the most-dangerous chemical you might find in the workplace, proper handling of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a must to avoid injuries and health risks while on the job.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a white, crystalline powder with a faint, non-offensive odor. It is a compound naturally found in many plants and is an important precursor for the synthesis of many other organic substances.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is most commonly found in industrial settings to manufacture a wide variety of products such as perfumes, dyes, topical medications and insect repellents.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat)’s salt (sodium benzoate) is commonly used as a pH adjustor and preservative in food, preventing the growth of microbes to keep food safe. It works by changing the internal pH of microorganisms to an acidic state that is incompatible with their growth and survival.Studies of the subacute toxicity of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) in mice indicated that ingestion of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) or its sodium salt caused weight loss, diarrhea, irritation of internal membranes, internal bleeding, enlargement of liver and kidney, hypersensitivity, and paralysis followed by death. When Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) (80 mg/kg body weight) and sodium bisulfate (160 mg/kg body weight) or their mixture (Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat)/sodim bisulfate = 80 mg/160 mg) were fed to mice for 10 weeks, the death rate was 66% from the mixture and 32% from Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) alone.
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE-N,N-DI -METHYL CYCLOHEXYLAMINE 
SYNONYMS Cyclohexanamine; Aminocyclohexane; CHA; Cyclohexylamine; Hexahydrobenzenamine; Aminohexahydrobenzene; Hexahydroaniline; 1-Aminocyclohexane; 1-Cyclohexylamine; CAS NO. 108-91-8;
CYCLOHEXYLETHANOL
CYCLOMETHICONE, N° CAS : 69430-24-6 / 556-67-2 / 541-02-6 / 540-97-6, Nom INCI : CYCLOMETHICONE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : - / 209-136-7 / 208-764-9 / 208-762-8, Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
CYCLOMETHICONE
CYCLOPENTADECANONE, N° CAS : 502-72-7, Nom INCI : CYCLOPENTADECANONE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 207-951-2, Ses fonctions (INCI), Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit
CYCLOMETHICONE
CYCLOMETHICONE


CAS Number: 69430-24-6 / 556-67-2 / 541-02-6 / 540-97-6
EC Number: - / 209-136-7 / 208-764-9 / 208-762-8
D4 (cyclotetrasiloxane) 0.000 - 0.099%
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) 96.000 - 100.000%
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) 0.000 - 4.000%


Cyclomethicone is a clear, odorless silicone.
Cyclomethicone is a 100% active cyclic silicone polymer blend consisting of siloxane D4 (cyclotetrasiloxane) and siloxane D5 (Cyclopentasiloxane).
Cyclic silicones are low-molecular weight silicones and are not viscous but very fluid and often used as solvents.


Linear silicones (e.g. dimethicone) are large high-molecular polymers that are viscous and more oil-like.
Cyclomethicone rapidly evaporates without cooling the skin.
Cyclomethicone leaves the skin dry, smooth and silky.
Cyclomethicone is ideal carrier for makeup, other color cosmetic skin creams, deodorants and stick products without the oily feel.


Cyclomethicone provides excellent stability and aesthetics.
Cyclomethicone is a mixture of D4, D5 and D6 silicones, in varying proportions.
Cyclomethicone leaves a silky smooth feel when sprayed on the skin.
Ideal for body sprays, lotions creams, bath salts, hair care, linen sprays etc.


Cyclomethicone stays completely blended and crystal clear without shaking.
Cyclomethicone is not one type of silicone, but a whole mixture of them: it's a mix of specific chain length (4 to 7) cyclic structured silicone molecules.
Cyclomethicone is a completely clear liquid ingredient that gives skin care products the quality of being able to spread easily and smoothly, especially across skin.


Cyclomethicone's structure is cyclical and has a low molecular weight.
Cyclocmethicone’s structure limits its ability to penetrate through the dermis layer, which means the molecules mingle with dry skin before evaporating quickly.
Cyclomethicone has many uses and is in skin lotions, fragrances, and hair conditioners.


Cyclomethicone is a silicone-based compound that is in the form of a clear, odorless liquid.
Cyclomethicone is responsible for giving a silky texture to the skin or hair, and also aids the spreadability of the product.
Cyclomethicone works really well with the other ingredients in a formulation and helps stabilize the product.
Cyclomethicone can not only improve the texture of the surface that it is applied on, but also the texture of the product itself.


The chemical formula of Cyclomethicone is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclomethicone is made by the hydrolysis of dichloride.
This process produces a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
This on further distillation produces a polymer mixture of Cyclomethicone.


Cyclomethicone is a general term describing both individual and/or a mixture of cyclic siloxane materials that have many uses and are found in a variety of consumer products.
These materials are derived from the natural elements silicon and oxygen.
Cyclomethicone is synthetic silicone oil.


Cyclomethicone works in a variety ways, namely as a conditioning agent, solvent, humectant, carrying agent and viscosity controlling agent.
Like all other silicones, Cyclomethicone has a unique fluidity that makes it easily spreadable.
When applied to the skin and hair, it gives a silky & slippery feeling to the touch and acts a mild water repellent by forming a protective barrier on the skin.
Cyclomethicone can also fill in fine lines/wrinkles, giving the face a temporary “plump” look.


Cyclomethicone is a cyclic volatile silicone polymer blend made up of siloxane D4 and siloxane D5.
They are generally considered as low molecular weight silicones and not viscous as compared to their linear part, those are viscous and more oil like.
Cyclomethicone comes as slightly hazy to clear liquid.
Cyclomethicone is a Fully methylated cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane


Cyclomethicone is a blend of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane with a low viscosity, a relatively high volatility and a cyclic structure.
Cyclomethicone is a base fluid and volatile carrier suitable for use in a number of personal care products.
Cyclomethicone is non-greasy and leaves no oily residue or build-up and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.


Cyclomethicone is a volatile silicone that gives slip to skincare products, improves their texture, and carries active ingredients into the skin before evaporating into thin air.
Cyclomethicone’s safe to use and doesn’t clog pores.
Cyclomethicones are silicones that possess a cyclical structure rather than the linear structures of dimethyl silicones.


Low heat of vaporization and the ability to select a desired vapor pressure has led to their use in cosmetic formulations as base fluids and carrying agents.
Cyclomethicones are cyclic circular silicones of low molecular weight that evaporate quickly.
Their volatility, excellent spreading and lubrication make them ideal carriers for other ingredients and excellent light conditioners for hair and skin.


Non-greasy, cyclomethicone leaves no oily residue or buildup and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.
"Cyclomethicone" is actually used for a group of silicones with a ring structure.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a higher flash point so that you can ship your room sprays or perfumes on an airplane without worry.
Cyclopentasiloxane is the perfect balance between volatility (quick drying) and spreadability.


Cyclomethicones are unmodified silicones that possess a cyclical structure rather than the chain structures of dimethyl silicones.
Low heat of vaporization and the ability to select a desired vapor pressure has led their use as cosmetic vehicles.
Cyclomethicone is unmodified silicones stay on or near the surface of the skin.
Not only are the molecules too big to physically enter past the upper living cells, they associate with the upper layer of drying skin but they also cannot penetrate cell membranes due to their large size.


Cyclomethicone is a clear, odorless silicone.
Cyclomethicone is non-polar and insoluble in water.
Cyclomethicone stays completely blended and crystal clear without shaking.
Cyclomethicones evaporate quickly after helping to carry oils into the top layer of epidermis.


From there, they may be absorbed by the skin.
Cyclomethicones perform a similar function in hair care products by helping nutrients enter the hair shaft.
Cyclomethicone is non-greasy and evaporates quickly, making it ideal for use as a base in room and linen mists, as well as in cosmetic products.
Try using 5% fragrance oil in cyclomethicone as a room mist.


Cyclomethicones are cyclic (circular) silicones of low molecular weight that possess a cyclical structure rather than a chain structure (like Dimethicone).
Some cyclic silicones are volatile (they evaporate) while others are not.
Cyclic silicones that are volatile include D4 (Cyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (Cyclopentasiloxane) and D6 (Cyclohexasiloxane).


In general, the lower the number, the more volatile the cyclic silicone and the faster it evaporates.
Cyclomethicone's volatility, excellent spreading and lubrication qualities make it an ideal carrier for other ingredients and excellent light conditioners for hair and skin.
Non-greasy, Cyclomethicone leaves no oily residue or build-up and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.


In the cosmetic industry, cyclic silicones are commonly referred to as Cyclomethicone.
Cyclomethicone is a minimum of 96% Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) and will contain no more than 0.0 - 0.099% (a maximum of 990 parts per million) of D4 Cycloteterasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone is silicone fluids are classified as synthetic.


You may already be familiar with silicones, probably the one you are most acquainted with is dimethicone.
Cyclomethicones have a similar function to dimethicone in that they help improve the texture of products, improve the appearance of scarring, improve the water-resistance of products, and emulsify the product.
However, Cyclomethicones are also better at delivering active ingredients to the skin.


All the silicones in the Cyclomethicone mixture are volatile, meaning they evaporate from the skin or hair rather than stay on it.
This means that Cyclomethicone has a light skin feel with none-to-minimal after-feel.
Cyclomethicone also makes the formulas easy to spread and has nice emollient properties.
Cyclomethicone is created as an alternative emollient to existing products, cyclomethicone’s chemical structure allows for easy application across the skin while reducing pore entry and skin stickiness.


Skin care products delivering dimethicone and essential oils now rely on cyclomethicone for easy application of products.
This element differs from other silicones because its silicones have a lower molecular weight that remains unmodified. It also possesses a cyclical structure.
These elements make a cosmetic delivery system because of the low heat levels required for vaporization.


Silicones in an unmodified state remain on or near the skin’s surface in part because of the molecule’s size, which prevents passage beyond the outer parts of the skin.
The basic structure is common to all cyclomethicones: a cyclic backbone of siloxane units (i.e., silicon and oxygen with molecules of carbon and hydrogen attached, all very common elements found in nature).


Shorthand nomenclature is based upon the number of siloxane groups that are in the cyclic structure.
Thus, cyclomethicone D5 (also known as cyclopentasiloxane) has five of these groups, cyclomethicone D4 (also known as cyclotetrasiloxane) has four, etc.
Cyclomethicones are a subclass of silicone; there are many different cyclomethicones in that subclass.
Cyclomethicones are sometimes also called cyclosiloxanes, they are different names for the same class of chemicals.


The two most commonly used cyclomethicones are cyclopentasiloxane and cyclohexasiloxane.
Cyclomethicones have a ring-shaped structure that makes it more volatile or less stable.
This instability allows cyclomethicones to evaporate when applied to your skin—making cyclomethicones a great ingredient for products that need to go on smoothly but not remain sticky after application.
As all the cyclomethicone eventually evaporates, it leaves behind the other key components in the product to work their magic.
This action of evaporation makes it an excellent carrier ingredient.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLOMETHICONE:
Cyclomethicone is used to blend with fragrance oils and perfume oils for after bath body mists.
Cyclomethicone will produce a luxurious body spray that feels dry.
Cyclomethicone is used in a wide variety of cosmetic applications such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, creams, hair sprays, bath oils, makeup and nail polish.


For making clear sprays, pour Cyclomethicone in bottle and add fragrance oil.
Use in ratios of fragrance oil to Cyclomethicone from 1:3, to 1:6, or greater.
Cyclomethicone is a perfect addition to DIY lotion, conditioner, and perfume.
Cyclomethicone has a lightweight and silky texture that absorbs quickly into the skin.


Cyclomethicone is used at 1 to 5 percent of the total weight in lotion and conditioner.
Cyclomethicone can be used up to 100 percent for perfume.
Cyclomethicone has a great number of uses and benefits for the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone is therefore used in a wide range of products when it comes to the cosmetic and skin/hair care industry.


Cyclomethicone ingredients are used in cosmetic products where eventual complete evaporation of the siloxane carrier fluid is desired.
In this way they are useful for products like deodorants and antiperspirants that need to coat the skin but not remain tacky afterward.
They provide other important product performance benefits such as facilitating a smooth texture and an even application.
Thus, they may also be found in sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, lotions, etc.


Because its molecules are too big to physically penetrate the skin, Cyclomethicone does not have any true moisturizing properties, but rather mostly functions as a carrying agent for other ingredients contained in a product.
Cyclomethicone's particularly useful at quickly delivering nutrients to the skin & hair and evaporating into the air.
Cyclomethicone can also work as a base solvent for perfume oils and fragrance oils, as well as an anti-static agent.


Cyclomethicone can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as facial moisturizer/lotion, foundation, shampoo/conditioner, body spray, sunscreen, anti-aging treatment, antiperspirant/deodorant, concealer, hair dye and eye cream.
The use of cyclomethicone in the textile industry has caused a market revolution because it plays an important role in the manufacturing process to create functional fabrics, high performance, and intelligent textiles that can meet the needs of the customer.


Cyclomethicone is becoming more popular in the rubber industry due to its heat resistance, chemical stability, electrical insulation, abrasion resistance, and weatherability, which is expected to drive the Cyclomethicone market.
Cyclomethicones are commonly used as base solvents to blend fragrance oils, perfumes and other cosmetic formulations.
They evaporate quickly and they are miscible with a variety of cosmetics oils, waxes, hydrocarbons and silicone oils.


This property of cyclomethicones makes them a key ingredient in cosmetics as base solvents.
Cyclomethicone can be used to temporarly hydrophobise porous surfaces, or to remove Velvesil gel.
Cyclomethicone is a silicone that is used to improve the aesthetics of a formula (its dry finish can help make moisturisers feel less greasy).
Cyclomethicone's particularly useful as a hair conditioner because it provides a silky feel with out weighing the hair down with greasy residue.


Cyclomethicone uses and applications include: Antistat, emollient, humectant, solvent, viscous control agent in cosmetics; conditioner, emollient for hair care products, aerosols, sticks, shaving preparations, deodorants, antiperspirants; carrier, lubricant, spreading agent, detackifier for skin cleansers; water repellent in pharmaceuticals; surfactant tension reducer; spreading agent, leveling agent for pigments; thread lubricant.


Cyclomethicone is non-polar and insoluble in water but completely miscible in lower alcohols, aliphatics, aromatics and halogenated solvents and can be used in antiperspirants and skin care formulations.
Cyclomethicone is a volatile silicone oil used in hair and skincare products to impart skin conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils; promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.
Cyclomethicone vaporates quickly leaving little residue on the skin.


They are used to give a slippery feel, increase gloss and to make combing easier.
They are "temporary" conditioners, meaning that while they are wet, they help with combing, and give a nice feel to skin or hair, but they do evaporate.
They are clear, odorless, nonstaining, nongreasy, nonwaxy, nonsticky, and considered to be nonirritating to the skin and eyes.
Cyclomethicone is great for hair treatments, bath oils, creams and lotions, room/linen sprays, and more.


Cyclopentasiloxane adds a soft, talc-like feel and is the base for superb dry perfume oils.
Cyclomethicone is used to blend with fragrance oils or perfume oils for after bath body mists.
Cyclomethicone will produce a luxurious body spray that feels dry.
Cyclomethicone is used in a wide variety of cosmetic applications such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, creams, hair sprays, bath oils, makeup and nail polish.


For making clear sprays, pour Cyclomethicone in bottle and add fragrance oil.
Use in ratios of fragrance oil to Cyclomethicone from 1:3, to 1:6, or greater.
Cyclomethicone is a volatile silicone oil used in hair and skincare products to impart skin conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils; promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.


Cyclomethicone’s chemical structure allows for easy application across the skin while reducing pore entry and skin stickiness.
Cyclomethicone’s structure limits its ability to penetrate through the dermis layer, which means the molecules mingle with dry skin before evaporating quickly.
Cyclomethicone has many uses in skin lotions, fragrances, and hair conditioners.


Cyclomethicone is used as a base solvent to blend with fragrance oils and perfume oils.
Cyclomethicone leaves a silky-smooth feel when sprayed on the skin. Ideal for body sprays, lotions creams, bath salts, hair care, linen sprays etc.
Cyclomethicone is a clear, colourless, volatile silicone oil used in hair and skincare products to impart conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils; promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.


Cyclomethicone evaporates quickly leaving little residue on the skin.
Cyclomethicone and most skincare products contain less than 5%.
Cyclomethicone is a fast spreading, volatile silicone solution used for a wide range of skincare and haircare products.
Cyclomethicone creates a barrier on the skin to prevent dehydration, as well as a very smooth afterfeel.


Cyclomethicone is a clear, odourless cosmetic-grade silicone.
Cyclomethicone prevents skin from feeling tacky after the product has been applied.
Cyclomethicones are clear, odorless liquids utilized in skincare products to give your skincare that silky texture.
Cyclomethicones are a type of silicone, so they help products to apply evenly and smoothly to your skin.


There are several types of silicones used in skincare and cosmetic products.
Dimethicone and cyclomethicone are useful and well-loved skin care ingredient derived from silicone. Dimethicone works in skin care as both a partial occlusive and an emollient (moisturizing) ingredient.
Cyclomethicone is one of my favorite ingredients for creating a light barrier cream to protect skin.


-Cosmetic Uses of Cyclomethicone:
*antistatic agents
*hair conditioning
*humectants
*skin conditioning - emollient
*solvents
*viscosity controlling agents


-Cosmetic applications of Cyclomethicone:
Antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and sticks, bath oils, sun and shaving products, makeup and nail polishes.


Skincare uses of Cyclomethicone:
*Vapour barrier and smoothness
*Haircare Conditioning and smoothness
*Perfumes Useful as a solvent for perfumery


-Deodourants:
Solvent and carrier for deodourants and anti-perspirants


-Uses of Cyclomethicone:
*Topical pharmaceutical formulations
*Creams
*Gels
*Medicated treatments for skin and scalp applications


-Lotions:
1-20% to provide a soft velvety feel.

-Bath Salts:
Use instead of glycerin to add sheen to your bath salts and a silky feel to the bath water.

-Hair Care:
Spray on wet hair for easy combing or spray on hair to manage "frizz".

-After Bath Oil:
Blend with your ultimate oil blend, add fragrance and you have a wonderful bath oil.


-Skin care:
Cyclomethicone gives a smooth and silky touch to the skin.
Cyclomethicone is used in a variety of cosmetic products as it creates a barrier between the skin and the environment and thus protects it from the harmful external factors.
Cyclomethicone locks the moisture on the skin surface and prevents water loss.
Thus, Cyclomethicone is beneficial for dry and flaky skin. Moreover, it has also been known to improve the appearance of scars.


-Hair care:
Cyclomethicone is responsible for improving the texture of the formulations that it is added in.
Cyclomethicone gives luster and shine to the shafts while also making them appear healthier and bouncier.


-After Bath Oil/Shower Body Oil:
Cyclomethicone mix with your favorite oil blend in concentrations up to 50/50 and add FO or EO to desired strength.
Spray on skin after getting out of the bath or shower, and then towel dry.
Leaves skin silky & velvety without being greasy.


-Lotions:
Cyclomethicone adds to lotions, body butters, lotion bars, and creams to impart a decadent silky, soft velvety feeling!
Add up to 1% to pre-made lotion base or 5%-20% to lotion made from scratch.


-Bath Salts, Bath Oils, and Scrubs:
Cyclomethicone adds to bath oils or use instead of glycerin to add sheen to your bath salts and a silky feel to the bath water.


-Hair Care:
Spray on wet hair for detangling or spray on dry hair to manage "frizz".
Spraying on dry hair adds extra shine too!
Add to hair conditioners to give it detangling properties and a silky feel.



ADVANTAGES OF CYCLOMETHICONE:
*Volatile
*Excellent spreading
*Non-occlusive
*Solvent
*Non-greasy
*Non-oily residue
*Soft, smooth feel on the skin
*Non-cooling effect on skin
*Excellent spreading
*Imparts soft silky feel to the skin
*Leaves no oily residue or build up
*Detackification
*Non-greasy



WHAT DOES CYCLOMETHICONE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Moisturising
*Skin protecting
*Smoothing
*Stabilising



FUNCTIONS OF CYCLOMETHICONE:
*Emollient:
Softens and softens the skin
*Hair conditioner:
Leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
*Solvent:
Dissolves other substances

Works in a variety ways, namely as a conditioning agent, solvent, humectant, carrying agent and viscosity controlling agent.
Like all other silicones, Cyclomethicone has a unique fluidity that makes it easily spreadable.
When applied to the skin and hair, Cyclomethicone gives a silky & slippery feeling to the touch and acts a mild water repellent by forming a protective barrier on the skin.
Cyclomethicone can also fill in fine lines/wrinkles, giving the face a temporary “plump” look.



BENEFITS OF CYCLOMETHICONE:
Cyclomethicone has not much effect on the skin, rather it is a type of product which can be used in any formulation as per need.
Cyclomethicone has a quality of evaporating rapidly, without any cooling sensation.
After leaving the skin, it makes skin smooth and silky.
Cyclomethicone can be used as an ideal carrier for any skin products like makeup related products, skin creams deodorants, stick products without an oily feel.
Cyclomethicone makes the product aesthetically more acceptable and provides excellent stability.



WHY IS CYCLOMETHICONE USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
D5 and D6 are the predominant cyclomethicones used in cosmetics and personal care products, due to their excellent skin and hair conditioning properties.
Cyclomethicone D4 is rarely used as a cosmetic ingredient.
D4 can also be present at very low residual levels (generally <0.1%) in D5 and D6, since it is used as a starting material in the production of those cyclomethicones.
During this manufacturing process, virtually all of the material is consumed leaving only a tiny amount of D4.



COMPATIBILITY OF CYCLOMETHICONE:
Silicone fluids can be tricky to formulate with as they are neither completely oil or water loving.
Cyclomethicone is stated as being miscible with Mineral oil, isododecane, polydecane, almond oil, Jojoba oil, Soybean oil, Sunflower oil, Isopropyl Myristate, C12-15 Alcohol Benzoate and Capric/ Caprylic Triglyceride.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLOMETHICONE:
Boiling Point: 210°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Viscosity: Low
Physical state: Liquid.
Form: Liquid.
Color: Clear. Translucent.
Odor: Practically odorless.
Odor threshold: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Melting point/freezing point: -36.4 °F (-38 °C)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 410 °F (210 °C)
Flash point: 163.4 °F (73.0 °C)
Evaporation rate: Not available.


Flammability (solid, gas): Not applicable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Flammability limit - lower (%): 0.5 %
Flammability limit - upper (%): 7 %
Explosive limit - lower (%): Not available.
Explosive limit - upper (%): Not available.
Vapor pressure: < 5 mm Hg
Vapor density: > 1
Relative density: Not available.
Solubility(ies):
Solubility (water): Insoluble.
Partition coefficient: (n-octanol/water): 5.2


Auto-ignition temperature: 737.6 °F (392 °C)
Decomposition temperature: Not available.
Viscosity: 4 mm2/s at 25 °C
Other information:
Chemical family: Cyclic siloxane.
Dynamic viscosity: 3.5 mPa.s (77 °F (25 °C))
Kinematic viscosity: 3.7 mm2/s (77 °F (25 °C))
Molecular formula: C10-H30-O5-Si5
Molecular weight: 370.8 g/mol
Percent volatile: 100 %
Specific gravity: 0.96 at 20 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE:
*Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.
*Skin contact:
Wash off with soap and water.
*Eye contact:
Rinse with water.
*Ingestion:
Rinse mouth.
Get medical attention if symptoms occur.
*Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed:
Not available.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Keep unnecessary personnel away.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Absorb spillage with suitable absorbent material.
Clean surface thoroughly to remove residual contamination.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE:
-Suitable extinguishing media:
Water fog.
Foam.
Dry chemical powder.
Carbon dioxide (CO2).



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLOMETHICONE:
Biological limit values:
No biological exposure limits noted for the ingredient(s).
-Appropriate engineering controls:
*Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment:
Wear safety glasses.
An emergency eye wash station should be available.
*Skin protection
Wear nitrile or other impervious gloves.
*Hand protection
Wear lab coat.
*Other
Respirators are generally not required for laboratory operations.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLOMETHICONE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Clean equipment and work surfaces with suitable detergent or solvent after use.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in tight container.
This material should be handled and stored per label instructions to ensure product integrity.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLOMETHICONE:
-Reactivity:
The product is stable and non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.
-Chemical stability:
Stable at normal conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous:
No dangerous reaction known under conditions of normal use.



SYNONYMS:
Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Cyclopolydimethylsiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone
Cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane
Cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane with n 3-6
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane
Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-
Cyclopentasiloxane Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclopolydimethylsiloxane
Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane
Polydimethyl siloxy cyclics
CYCLOMETHICONE
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL

CYCLOMETHICONE 5
Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

CAS: 541-02-6
MF: C10H30O5Si5
MW: 370.77
EINECS: 208-764-9

Cyclomethicone 5 is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
The compound is classified as a Cyclomethicone 5.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.

Cyclomethicone 5 Chemical Properties
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Fp: 162 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.959
Color: Colorless
Explosive limit: 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclomethicone 5 (541-02-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclomethicone 5 (541-02-6)

Uses
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Cyclomethicone 5 and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.

The compound is classified as a Cyclomethicone 5.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclomethicone 5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Production and polymerization
Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclomethicone 5 can be removed by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer.
D4 and D5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.

Synonyms
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
541-02-6
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
NUC silicone VS 7158
Dow corning 345
CYCLOMETHICONE
Silicon SF 1202
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Ciclopentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone D5
KF 995
VS 7158
CCRIS 1328
HSDB 5683
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech]
EINECS 208-764-9
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
0THT5PCI0R
SF 1202
BRN 1800166
C10H30O5Si5
DTXSID1027184
D5
EC 208-764-9
4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
MFCD00046966
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
D5-sil
Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane
D5 Cyclomethicone
dimethylcyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
JEESILC CPS-211
SCHEMBL28497
N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane
XIAMETER PMX-0245
DTXCID907184
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
CHEMBL1885178
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI]
D5 (Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane)
CHEBI:191092
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%
C10-H30-O5-Si5
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS]
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD]
BCP15826
Tox21_303170
CD3770
KF-995
AKOS008901199
CS-O-01236
CS-W009767
DB11244
DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI]
NCGC00163981-01
NCGC00257224-01
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5)
AS-59731
CAS-541-02-6
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB]
LS-58254
KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5
D1890
D3770
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)
FT-0665531
D78203
S05475
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard
Q414350
Ciclopentasiloxano, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decametil-
decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #
D5 Cyclomethicone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
CYCLOMETHICONE 5
Cyclomethicone 5 is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.


CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5



SYNONYMS:
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-91, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, D5 Cyclomethicone, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentamethicone, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, D5, D5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-DECAMETHYL-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-PENTOXAPENTASILOXANE, CYCLOMETHICONE, 5, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP - RS], CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL-, D5, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], LCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, DOW CORNING UP-1002 ULTRA PURE FLUID, JEESILC CPS -211, KF-995, KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), XIAMETER PMX-0245, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone5, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxan, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, D5 Silicone, D5 Siloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, DecaMethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, CD3770, D3770, Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentamethicone, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, D5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopolydimethylsiloxane, Dimethylcyclopolysiloxane, Polydimethyl siloxy cyclics,



Cyclomethicone 5 is a clear, odorless, thin liquid that a person may find in many skincare and cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.


This water-like liquid, Cyclomethicone 5, is synthetically manufactured but is derived from naturally occurring oxygen and silicones.
Cyclomethicone 5 encompasses within itself the family of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a silicon-based cyclic compound.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a clear, colorless, volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclomethicone 5 is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a lightweight silicone.
Cyclomethicone 5 can evaporate quickly.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone 5’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.


Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a clear, alcohol-free and odorless liquid, added to personal skin care products to give them a smoother texture that is more easily applied to the skin.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile carrier, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, and has low surface tension.
Cyclomethicone 5 has a drier finish than Dimethicone.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an ultra-light volatile silicone ingredient.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a generic/broad term for one or more cyclic siloxanes, primarily cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), and cyclohexasiloxane (D6).
There are other cyclic siloxanes (D3–D7) but D4, D5, and D6 are the primary ones for cosmetic use.


Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), Cyclomethicone 5 (D5), and cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are sold as isolated ingredients, but I’ve only ever found cyclopentasiloxane (D5) available to homecrafters.
Cyclomethicone 5 is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.


Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes Cyclomethicone 5 a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.


Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.
While Cyclomethicone 5 is typically the name that you’ll see on a product’s ingredient list, it also goes by cyclomethicone D5 or just D5 in research literature.


Cyclomethicone 5 is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
If you check product datasheets you might find out that the “Cyclomethicone 5” you’re looking at is almost entirely cyclopentasiloxane (D5).


For example, this datasheet for the Cyclomethicone 5 is 99–100% cyclopentasiloxane (D5), with a small amount of cyclotetrasiloxane (D4).
Cyclomethicone 5 is a thin clear liquid
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile carrier, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, and has low surface tension.


Cyclomethicone 5 imparts a soft velvety feel to the skin, has excellent spreading, leaves no oily residue or build-up, detackification, and is non-greasy.
This water-like liquid, Cyclomethicone 5, is synthetically manufactured but is derived from naturally occurring oxygen and silicones.
Cyclomethicone 5 encompasses within itself the family of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.


Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5 or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a low viscosity emollient with high spreadability, making it an ideal choice for skincare and haircare products.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.


The cyclic siloxanes, including Cyclomethicone 5, can be removed from this mixture by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an ingredient found in hundreds of personal care products.


Cyclomethicone 5 improves the texture of formulations, giving them a smooth and silky feel.
Cyclomethicone 5, also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, is part of the cyclomethicone family of silicones.
Its water-resistance properties allow Cyclomethicone 5 to provide lasting protection from moisture, leaving skin and hair feeling smooth and moisturized.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS#541-02-6).
Cyclomethicone 5 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non-greasy and non-stinging.
Unlike D4 Cyclomethicone (Cyclo-2244), Cyclomethicone 5 has a much higher pour point and does not present the freezing concerns that D4 presents.


Cyclomethicone 5 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Cyclomethicones are cyclic (circular) silicones of low molecular weight that possess a cyclical structure rather than a chain structure (like Dimethicone).


Some cyclic silicones are volatile (they evaporate) while others are not.
Cyclic silicones that are volatile include D4 (Cyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (Cyclomethicone 5) and D6 (Cyclohexasiloxane).
In general, the lower the number, the more volatile the cyclic silicone and the faster it evaporates.


Its volatility, excellent spreading and lubrication qualities make Cyclomethicone 5 an ideal carrier for other ingredients and excellent light conditioners for hair and skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also known as cyclopentasiloxane.


Cyclomethicone 5 is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H30O5Si5, a colorless liquid widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, compatible with most alcohols and Good compatibility with other cosmetic solvents.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane commonly known as D5.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a member of the family of ingredients which also include cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclohexasiloxane (D6), and cyclomethicone, which is a mixture of the individual chain-length cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds from D4 to D6.
Non-greasy, Cyclomethicone 5 leaves no oily residue or build-up and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.


In the cosmetic industry, cyclic silicones are commonly referred to as Cyclomethicone 5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a minimum of 96% it and will contain no more than 0.0 - 0.099% (a maximum of 990 parts per million) of D4 Cycloteterasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone 5 is not one type of silicone, but a whole mixture of them: it's a mix of specific chain length (4 to 7) cyclic structured silicone molecules.


All the silicones in the Cyclomethicone 5 mixture are volatile, meaning they evaporate from the skin or hair rather than stay on it.
This means that Cyclomethicone 5 has a light skin feel with none-to-minimal after-feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 also makes the formulas easy to spread and has nice emollient properties.


Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH₃)₂SiO]₅.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as cyclomethicone.


Commercially Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a clear, colourless, volatile silicone oil.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.


Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.


In Cosmetics & Personal Care Dive into the integral role of Cyclomethicone 5 in personal care products.
Explore Cyclomethicone 5's multifaceted benefits and widespread applications.
Cyclomethicone 5 forms a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which is why many companies use it in antifrizz and detangling products.


Linear silicones (e.g. dimethicone) are large high-molecular polymers that are viscous and more oil-like.
Cyclomethicone 5 is rapidly evaporates without cooling the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 leaves the skin dry, smooth and silky.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used ideal carrier for makeup, other color cosmetic skin creams, deodorants and stick products without the oily feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 provides excellent stability and aesthetics.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a generic name for several cyclic substances derived from silica (sand is a silica).


Cyclomethicone 5 is also water-resistant.
This is why companies commonly use Cyclomethicone 5 in sealants and windshield coatings.
Cyclomethicone 5 is low-molecular weight silicones and are not viscous but very fluid and often used as solvents.


10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclomethicone 5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Cyclomethicone 5 has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.


Silicones have special fluid properties that provide an excellent balance for slip and silky touch on the skin and impart emollience, and be a water-binding agent that holds up well, even when skin becomes wet.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in hair care applications such as conditioners since it leaves no oily residue or build-up.


And Cyclomethicone 5 is used in skin care applications such as lotions and creams with a typical use level of 1-25%.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile, cyclic (circular) silicone fluid that has a lightning fast dry-time, making it the ideal carrier for fragrances because it instantly evaporates, leaving nothing behind but your chosen scent.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
Cyclomethicone 5 is commonly used as a base fluid in topical formulations because of its volatility, spreading and sensory benefits – namely their smooth, dry and non-greasy feel on the skin.


Cyclomethicone 5 will reduce the greasy feel of heavy emollients such as Shea Butter, makes an excellent emollient for "oil free" moisturizers, and offers light conditioning as well as improved dry and wet combout in hair care.
Cyclomethicone 5 can also be used to adjust the viscosity of products to make them thinner or thicker.


Application of Cyclomethicone 5: In creams, lotions, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, stick products, bath oils, shaving products, etc.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suitable for use in cosmetics to help bring active substances into the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is currently used in a range of dermatological treatments and pharmaceutical applications, such as creams and gels, and in medicated treatments for skin and scalp applications.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile siloxane, Ease of spreading, Non-occlusive, Non-greasy, Leave non-oily residue, Imparts soft smooth feel on the skin, Detackifier, Solvent, Non-cooling effect on skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 can be used to mix hair care products


Cyclomethicone 5 is to act as a conditioner on the hair It has a special feature that is not sticky.
Cyclomethicone 5 feels silky soft when used on skin or hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 is easy to use and spread, leaves skin and hair feeling soft and slippery, and leaves no residue after evaporation.


Cyclomethicone 5 can also reduce surface tension and help disperse pigments well.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile silicone used as a carrier base and solvent.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used as skin emollient in cosmetic and personal products.


Because molecules of Cyclomethicone 5 are too large to enter human pores, and don’t tend to block the active ingredients from entering the skin, cyclomethicone is a commonly used as a skin emollient ingredient.
Cyclomethicone 5 can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, sun and shaving products, makeup and nail polishes.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in creams, lotions, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, stick products, bath oils, shaving products, etc.
Although it offers minimal benefits to the skin, manufacturers add Cyclomethicone 5 to a vast range of products to improve their feel, delivery, and function.


Cyclomethicone 5 is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Due to their volatility (varying rates of evaporation), low surface tensions (high Spreadability), and non-greasy feel, Cyclomethicone 5 is used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.


Cosmetic applications of Cyclomethicone 5 include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.


Cyclomethicone 5 also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclomethicone 5 is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclomethicone 5 means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.


Cyclomethicone 5 is exempt from Federal VOC regulations (including CARB and OTC) and will not contribute to ozone-depletion and global warming.
Cyclomethicone 5 is being widely accepted as replacements for non-VOC complaint petroleum-bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents.


It also means you don’t have to worry about Cyclomethicone 5 “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.


According to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel’s assessment (as reported in 2011), Cyclomethicone 5 can safely be used in up to 93% in personal care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 does not pose a health risk to skin as used in cosmetic products.Cyclomethicone 5 is used personal care, Hair care and cosmetics.


Cyclomethicone 5 can be used in concentrations of 1-10% and should be added to the oil phase of a mixture below 50 degrees celsius
Cyclomethicone 5 has a higher flash point so that you can ship your room sprays or perfumes on an airplane without worry.
Cyclomethicone 5 is the perfect balance between volatility (quick drying) and spreadability.


We think Cyclomethicone 5 is great for hair treatments, bath oils, creams and lotions, room/linen sprays, and more.
Cyclomethicone 5 adds a soft, talc-like feel and is the base for superb dry perfume oils.
Cyclomethicone 5 is especially effective for applications where low to medium solvency power is desireable.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
In addition, Cyclomethicone 5 is being used as a Federal VOC Exempt cleaning agent in dry cleaning applications.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an alcohol-free, clear, colorless, odorless, silicone liquid used as a carrying and wetting agent for personal care products.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used personal care, Hair care and cosmetics.
When used as a perfume base, Cyclomethicone 5 quickly evaporates leaving a silky film on the skin.
When used as an additive in skincare formulas, Cyclomethicone 5 improves absorption of oils while providing a non-greasy, silky-soft note to the product.


Cyclomethicone 5 serves to act as a carrying agent for the detergent and will not degrade the fabric or colors of the linens and clothing like other stronger solvents.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, building & construction work and health services.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used for the manufacture of: and textile, leather or fur.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, pharmaceuticals, textile treatment products and dyes and perfumes and fragrances.


Other release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Other release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Cyclomethicone 5 can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and coating products.


Other release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, coating products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, laboratory chemicals, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and building & construction work.


Release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.


Release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone and is commonly used in cosmetics such as deodorants, sunscreens, hair sprays, and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is widely used in cosmetics and body care products, it has good compatibility with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents.


Cyclomethicone 5 gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in hair and skincare products to impart conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils.
Cyclomethicone 5 promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.


Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly leaving little residue on the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.


-A person may find Cyclomethicone 5 in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, such as:
*sunscreen
*antiperspirant
*deodorant
*hair spray
*shampoo
*conditioner
*antifrizz products
*anti-hair-breakage products
*hair-detangling products
*pomade
*makeup
*makeup remover
*night cream


-Emollient uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 serves as a non-comedogenic emollient for skin care formulations.
The hydrating properties of Cyclomethicone 5 are excellent for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but evaporates quickly.


-Color Protection uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 can help colored hair last longer, retain its vibrant look, and protect and enhance color and shine.
Rinse-off conditioners containing different types of Cyclomethicone 5 can show an increase in color retention for hair that has been colored.


-Heat Protectant uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is used protecting hair from excessive heat is a need among many consumers.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used hair dryers and other heated appliances first soften the keratin of the hair.

If the devices are too hot, Cyclomethicone 5 can cause water in the hair to boil, forming minute bubbles of steam inside the softened hair shaft, weakening the fiber and potentially leading to total fracture.

Cyclomethicone 5 is thermally stable and spreads easily on the hair, forming a protective film to help prevent water loss from the hair shaft caused by the heat of dryers or heated styling tools.
Thus help guard against damage from heat styling.


-Carrier and Perfume Deliver uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 serves as a prominent carrier for many skin care and hair care formulations.
While being a carrier Cyclomethicone 5 also helps deliver fragrance and gives skin a smooth, non-cooling feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 also acts as a transient carrier for active salts in antiperspirants & deodorants.


-Hair Conditioning uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is recognized as multifunctional ingredients in a variety of hair care products.
With their unique chemical and physical properties, these highly versatile materials not only condition hair but can be used to add shine, making combing easier.

Both are suitable for dry combing results and wet combing.
Cyclomethicone 5 also enhances hair strength, repairs damaged hair, gives a perception of moisturization, aids curl retention, controls frizz, and adds volume—or even reduces volume.

Cyclomethicone 5 is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair-detangling products.
Cyclomethicone 5 forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly.



WHAT IS CYCLOMETHICONE 5 USED FOR?
Cyclomethicone 5 has a great number of uses and benefits for the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 is therefore used in a wide range of products when it comes to the cosmetic and skin/hair care industry.


*Skin care:
Cyclomethicone 5 gives a smooth and silky touch to the skin. Cyclomethicone 5 is used in a variety of cosmetic products as it creates a barrier between the skin and the environment and thus protects it from the harmful external factors.

Cyclomethicone 5 locks the moisture on the skin surface and prevents water loss.
Thus, Cyclomethicone 5 is beneficial for dry and flaky skin.
Moreover, Cyclomethicone 5 has also been known to improve the appearance of scars.


*Hair care:
Cyclomethicone 5 is responsible for improving the texture of the formulations that it is added in.
Cyclomethicone 5 gives luster and shine to the shafts while also making them appear healthier and bouncier.



WHAT IS CYCLOMETHICONE 5 USED FOR?
Cyclomethicone 5 is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Silicones are also known to repel water and glide easily.
This is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.

They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
This can help you detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Cyclomethicone 5 can be found in a wide range of personal care products.
Examples include:
*hair spray
*sunscreen
*antiperspirant
*deodorant
*hair conditioner
*shampoo
*hair detangling products
*waterproof mascara
*foundation
*eyeliner
*concealer
*moisturizer with SPF
*eye shadow
*hairstyling gel and lotion
*lipstick

Cyclomethicone 5 sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclomethicone 5 may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.
Cyclomethicone 5’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).



BENEFITS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is an ideal carrier for cosmetics without the oily feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 rapidly evaporates leaving the skin feeling smooth and silky.



WHAT DO PEOPLE USE CYCLOMETHICONE 5 FOR?
The primary function of Cyclomethicone 5 is to work as an emollient.
Cyclomethicone 5 can also give products a silky feel, which allows them to glide smoothly and deliver any active ingredients to the body evenly.

Manufacturers also use Cyclomethicone 5 as a solvent to help deliver active ingredients in a product to the skin or hair.
However, unlike other silicones, Cyclomethicone 5 is volatile, which means that it quickly evaporates and dries when applied to the skin.



BENEFITS AND USES OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
*Cyclomethicone 5 is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
*Cyclomethicone 5 is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.
*Cyclomethicone 5 is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.
*Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
*Cyclomethicone 5 makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.
*Cyclomethicone 5 provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.
*Cyclomethicone 5 is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
*Cyclomethicone 5 is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.



HOW CYCLOMETHICONE 5 WORKS:
Cyclomethicone 5 works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.
Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclomethicone 5 simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.



HOW TO USE CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Heat oil phase up to 80o
Add Cyclomethicone 5 to the heated phase.
Cover the vessel to prevent loss of ingredients due to evaporation.
Wait until Cyclomethicone 5 dissolves and proceed with emulsification.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5 IN SKINCARE?
When applied, Cyclomethicone 5 has a silky and slippery texture that creates a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 in hair products may help prevent breakage, detangle, and reduce frizz.
Here are a few potential benefits of products containing D5:


*Seals hydration.
When used on hair, Cyclomethicone 5 coats the hair shaft and guards against water loss.
Cyclomethicone 5 works similarly on the skin by creating a barrier that locks in moisture.


*Evaporates quickly.
Cyclomethicone 5 is often used in cosmetics and health and beauty products that require faster drying times (think deodorants, sunscreens, and moisturizers).


*Spreads easily.
Like other types of silicones, Cyclomethicone 5 in cosmetics applies and spreads easily, leaving a silky smooth texture and a non-greasy finish.


*Has a lightweight feel.
Some silicones are heavy, but Cyclomethicone 5 has a lightweight feel.
This characteristic is especially helpful in products like hair sprays and shampoos.



WHY DO WE USE CYCLOMETHICONE 5 IN FORMULATIONS?
Cyclomethicone 5 adds wonderful slip to our products and helps reduce tackiness.
Small concentrations of Cyclomethicone 5 add a really gorgeous, expensive-feeling skin feel.
Higher concentrations of Cyclomethicone 5 help “lighten” products, speeding up dry down/absorption speeds.

Cyclomethicone 5 is commonly used as a diluent in hair oils to create products that don’t leave the hair looking greasy.
A small amount of oil will be diluted in a larger amount of Cyclomethicone 5; when that is applied to the hair the Cyclomethicone 5 will readily evaporate, leaving a tiny amount of well-distributed oil behind on the hair.

In cosmetics, you’ll find Cyclomethicone 5 in all kinds of cream cosmetics, where it provides body to the cosmetic and then evaporates readily after application, leaving behind the pigment without any added oil that would compromise wear time.



COMPATIBILITY OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 can be tricky to formulate with as they are neither completely oil or water loving.
Cyclomethicone 5 is stated as being miscible with Mineral oil, isododecane, polydecane, almond oil, Jojoba oil, Soybean oil, Sunflower oil, Isopropyl Myristate, C12-15 Alcohol Benzoate and Capric/ Caprylic Triglyceride.



ORIGIN OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is made by the hydrolysis of dichloride.
This process produces a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
This on further distillation produces a polymer mixture of Cyclomethicone 5.



WHAT DOES CYCLOMETHICONE 5 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Moisturising
*Skin protecting
*Smoothing
*Stabilising



DO YOU NEED CYCLOMETHICONE 5?
No, but if you love making cosmetics and/or have hair that is not very tolerant of oils, Cyclomethicone 5 is a wonderful ingredient to have on hand.


REFINED OR UNREFINED?
Cyclomethicone 5 only exists as a refined product.


STRENGHTS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is a very versatile ingredient that improves the skin feel of anything I’ve ever tried it in.


WEAKNESSES OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
The biggest weakness of Cyclomethicone 5 (and other silicones) is all the negative myths about it.
These myths include the idea that silicones suffocate the skin, cause acne, and are bad for sensitive skin.



HOW TO WORK WITH CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Include Cyclomethicone 5 in the oil phase of your products; it should be cold-processed as it will readily evaporate (and possibly burst into flame) when heated (the flashpoint is 77°C [169°F]).



STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, Cyclomethicone 5 has an indefinite shelf life.
Keep Cyclomethicone 5 away from sparks and heat sources as the flashpoint is 77°C (169°F)



TIPS, TRICKS, AND QUIRKS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
“Silicones… aren’t biodegradable, but they are degradable – they degrade in the environment, and turn back into silica (sand), carbon dioxide and water.”



PRODUCTION AND POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Commercially Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclomethicone 5 can be removed by distillation.

In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:
[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5

where n is a positive integer.
D4 and Cyclomethicone 5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.



WHAT IS CYCLOMETHICONE?
FACE ILLUSTRATION:
The name “Cyclomethicone” is crazy hard to say as is its other name “decamethylcyclopentasiloxane,” but the good news is that it’s also referred to as “D5.”

Before we delve into the potential benefits and side effects of Cyclomethicone 5, knowing exactly what it is helpful.
Cyclomethicone 5 is actually a type of silicone that’s regularly used in skincare and haircare products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is specifically part of a small silicone group: cyclomethicones.

According to clinical studies and reports, cyclomethicones have been deemed safe for cosmetic ingredient uses as they are not significantly absorbed through the skin.
However, as a silicone, they are not a natural ingredient, so if you only use natural on your face and skin, you may want to double-check the ingredients in your products.

This colorless, odorless compound, Cyclomethicone 5, is mainly used as an emollient to help smooth out beauty product creams and gels.
Cyclomethicone 5 can also create a protective barrier on your skin once applied, which may help keep your skin safe from toxins, bacteria, germs, pollution, and other yuckiness.
Cyclomethicone 5’s also commonly used in things like sealants, sunscreen, windshield coatings, medical implants, and antiperspirants. That’s a lot of things.



CYCLOMETHICONE 5 IS USED IN A VARIETY OF PRODUCTS:
From a commercial view, most importantly, they have been used in antiperspirant formulations because they:
*Impart a soft-silky feel to the skin
*Provide excellent spreading
*Leave no oily residue or buildup
*De-tackify formulations
*Are non-greasy
*Are compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
*Lower surface tension and
*Provide transient emollience on the skin.



WHAT ARE CYCLOMETHICONE 5'S BENEFITS?
Cyclomethicone 5 offers minimal benefits to the skin.
Companies primarily add Cyclomethicone 5 to skincare products to improve their sensory feel and texture.
However, Cyclomethicone 5 has other properties that boost the effectiveness of formulations.


*Lightweight carrier
Cyclomethicone 5 is an effective carrier, or solvent, due to its ability to evaporate quickly.
Cyclomethicone 5 helps to evenly coat the skin with active ingredients without leaving a heavy, sticky, or tacky residue after application.
Cyclomethicone 5 leaves the active ingredients to work from the skin’s surface as they evaporate.


*Forms a protective barrier
Cyclomethicone 5 also acts as an emollient that adds a protective barrier to the skin.
However, Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly and does not stay on the skin surface, so it does not leave a sticky feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 leaves a protective yet breathable layer on the skin.


*Facilitates a smooth application and delivery
Cyclomethicone 5 helps make formulations feel smooth and silky for a smooth and easy application.
Cyclomethicone 5 allows products to spread evenly over the skin so that all areas of the skin receive key ingredients from a product.


*Improves the appearance of scars
Many silicone gel preparations use Cyclomethicone 5 as a carrier to deliver other silicone ingredients to the skin.
An older study found that silicone gel preparations improved the texture, height, and appearance of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
However, Cyclomethicone 5 is important to note that the researchers conducted this study on a small sample size of 30 people.


*Inexpensive
Cyclomethicone 5 is generally less costly than other silicone ingredients.
Therefore, a person may find that products containing Cyclomethicone 5 are more affordable.



SPECIFICATIONS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
*Clear colorless liquid
*characteristic odor
*insoluble in water / alcohol
*store tightly sealed, protected from heat and moisture
*shelf life of 36 months when properly stored / handled



BENEFITS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
*No Oily Residue
*Improves Efficacy of Antiperspirants
*Dry, Non-Greasy Feel
*Improves Wet Combing
*Greater Flexibility in Formulating Cosmetic Products



CYCLOMETHICONE 5 AT A GLANCE:
*Enhances the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product
*Promotes even distribution other ingredients in a formula
*Quickly evaporates from skin’s surface without leaving a heavy feel
*Popular in a wide range of skin and hair care products
*Also functions as a solvent to dissolve and deliver ingredients to skin



RECOMMENDED FRAGRANCE CONTENT IN PRODUCTS WITH CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
*Fragrances - Recommended use levels 0.5 – 3%.
*Antiperspirants - Recommended use levels 3 – 10%.
*Skin Care Products - Recommended use levels 3 – 10%.
*Hair Conditioners - Recommended use levels 1 – 5%.
*Room and Linen Mists - Recommended use levels 3 – 5%.
*For example, when making room mists use per 100g of cyclopentasiloxane and 3g to 5g of fragrance, the total amount of final product will be 103g to 105g.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Molecular Weight: 370.77 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 370.09395673 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 370.09395673 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 20
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 258
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass: 370.770 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water: 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C)
log P: 8.07
Vapor pressure: 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C)
Viscosity: 3.74 cP
Physical state: Clear, liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -38 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 90 °C at 13 hPa (literature value), 210 °C at 1.013 hPa (literature value)
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 73 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 645.15 K
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: Kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity data not available
Water solubility: < 0.00001 g/l at 23 °C
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): log Pow: 8.023 at 25.3 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.3 hPa at 25 °C, 41 hPa at 110.6 °C
Density: 0.958 g/cm3 at 25 °C (literature value)
Relative density: 0.96 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: Not available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

CBNumber: CB9256200
Melting point: -44 ℃
Boiling point: 210.0 ℃ (±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg)
Density: 0.958 g/cm³
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Flash point: 72.2 ℃
Safety description: S23, S24/25, S36, S26
Hazard symbol: XI
Hazard statement: R36/37/38, R53UN
Dangerous goods number: NA 1993 / PGIII
RTECS No: GY5945200
CAS No.:541-02-6
EINECS: 208-764-9
Molecular Formula:C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight:370.770



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


CYCLOMETHICONE 5
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77
EINECS Number: 208-764-9

Synonyms: DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone 5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-9, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, Cyclomethicone 5, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), FT-0665531, NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane.

Cyclomethicone 5 belongs to the class of cyclic siloxanes, specifically a pentamer of the chemical formula (CH3)2SiO.
The "D5" designation refers to its cyclic structure and is often used in product ingredient lists.
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.

Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

The chemical formula for Cyclomethicone 5 is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclomethicone 5 gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Further, Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclomethicone 5 has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.

Cyclomethicone 5 is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
Cyclomethicone 5 can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.

Cyclomethicone 5 has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
Cyclomethicone 5 was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristic
Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.

Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic Cyclomethicone 5 and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and a pollutant through accumulation and persistence in the environment.

Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Cyclomethicone 5 is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone 5’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclomethicone 5 is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.

Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes Cyclomethicone 5 a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows Cyclomethicone 5 to spread more easily.
As if the name "Cyclomethicone 5" wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

Cyclomethicone 5 is described by Robinson as a silicon-based compound, and it's part of a larger category called cyclomethicone.
Cyclomethicone 5 functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.
Cyclomethicone 5 is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.

Cyclomethicone 5 is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclomethicone 5 also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates quickly when applied to the skin or hair.

This property contributes to a smooth and lightweight feel upon application.
Cyclomethicone 5 enhances the spreadability of cosmetic products and provides a silky, non-greasy texture.
Cyclomethicone 5 helps in the even distribution of other ingredients in formulations.

Cyclomethicone 5 acts as an emollient, imparting a soft and smooth texture to the skin or hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 can improve the appearance of cosmetic formulations, giving them a luxurious and aesthetically pleasing feel.
In hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, Cyclomethicone 5 can contribute to improved manageability, shine, and detangling.

Found in various skincare products like creams and lotions, Cyclomethicone 5 helps in providing a smooth application, and its volatility ensures a non-greasy finish.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Cyclomethicone 5 is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.

Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
Cyclomethicone 5 makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.

Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.

Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.

These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Cyclomethicone 5 is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Cyclomethicone 5 is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclomethicone 5 means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t suffocate skin.

Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.

Cyclomethicone 5, is a type of silicone commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.

Cyclomethicone 5 may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography.
Cyclomethicone 5 provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.

Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Flash point: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.959
explosive limit 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃

Cyclomethicone 5’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS# 541‐02‐6).

Cyclomethicone 5 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non‐greasy and non‐stinging.
Due to their varying rates of evaporation, low surface tensions (high spreadability), and non‐greasy feel, Cyclomethicone 5s are used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
They are being uses as replacements for Non‐VOC compliant petroleum‐bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents where low to medium solvency power is desireable.

Both Cyclo‐2244 and Cyclo‐2245 have comparable evaporation rates to naptha solvents, odorless mineral spirits (OMS) as well as some of the isoparaffinic solvents.
They are compatible with most substates, including metals and plastics.
Renowned for its role in ensuring utmost reliability and consistency in pharmaceutical testing applications, Cyclomethicone 5 stands as a top-quality reference material in diverse verticals including raw material analysis.

Offering outstanding precision, this secondary pharmaceutical standard ensures accurate results, making it an indispensable asset for those seeking excellence in their analytical endeavours.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an ingredient in cosmetic products that is used as an occlusive because it significantly reduces the stickiness of formulations.
Cyclomethicone 5 consists of fully methylated cyclic dimethylpolysiloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), although the exact composition varies.

D4 and Cyclomethicone 5 are difficult to degrade and accumulate in living organisms (bioaccumulating).
With D4 and Cyclomethicone 5, there is a risk that they will find their way into the human organism through inhalation as a volatile substance from cosmetics.
A layer of D 4 on the skin evaporates within 30 minutes at 25 °C and in 10 minutes at 37 °C.

Cyclomethicone 5was introduced into cosmetics in 1978.
Cyclomethicone 5 is practically insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohols and other solvents .
Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates easily, even from cosmetics, without cooling or causing any discomfort. D 4 is classified as a hazardous substance due to suspected reproductive toxic effects .

Cosmetic applications include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.
Cyclomethicone 5 Fluids are California VOC Exempt and will not contribute to ozone‐ depletion and global warming.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and environmental pollutant because it accumulates in the environment and is persistent.

Cyclomethicone 5 works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.
Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclomethicone 5 simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.

Cyclomethicone 5 is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.

Cyclomethicone 5s, are inert synthetic polymers consisting of repeated units of silicon (Si) atoms, oxygen atoms (O), and R organic substituent (R2SiO), occurring in linear or cyclic forms.
Based on their polymer length, particle size, and molecular weights, siloxanes can be categorised into different groups: fluids, elastomers and resins.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.

Cyclomethicone 5’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.
Cyclomethicone 5 gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.
Also known as Cyclomethicone 5, thankfully, it’s often referred to as simply, D5.

Uses:
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of polymers and plastics to improve processing and molding properties.
Included in certain paint and coating formulations for its ability to enhance the texture and application of the product.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in some electronic and electrical insulation materials for its dielectric properties.

Applied as a release agent in molding processes to facilitate the easy removal of molded products.
Cyclomethicone 5 sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclomethicone 5 may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.

Cyclomethicone 5’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclomethicone 5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Found in moisturizers, creams, and lotions to provide a smooth and silky texture.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in anti-aging products to improve the spreadability and application of active ingredients.
Included in shampoos and conditioners to enhance manageability, detangling, and shine.

Cyclomethicone 5 is used in styling products such as serums and hair sprays for a lightweight, non-greasy finish.
Found in various cosmetics, including foundations, primers, and concealers, to improve texture and blendability.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in lip products for a smooth application.

Included in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product and provide a pleasant feel on the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in formulations to improve the texture and application of deodorant products.
Found in certain pharmaceutical formulations and medical creams for its emollient properties.

Cyclomethicone 5 is used in various industrial applications where a silicone with specific properties is required.
May be found in certain household products for its lubricating and water-repelling characteristics.
Applied in textile finishing processes to enhance fabric softness and improve the feel of textiles.

Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain personal lubricants for its smooth and non-sticky properties.
Included in certain automotive and metal polishes to improve the application and shine.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclomethicone 5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Cyclomethicone 5 used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclomethicone 5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Cyclomethicone 5 is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 are also known to repel water and glide easily.

Cyclomethicone 5 is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 can help detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Employed as an antifoaming agent in various industrial processes where foam formation needs to be controlled.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain adhesive and sealant formulations to improve spreading and application properties.
Included in leather care products such as polishes and conditioners for its conditioning and shining properties.

Found in certain household and cleaning products to enhance the formulation's spreadability and texture.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain automotive care products like dashboard polishes and interior cleaners for its smoothing and conditioning effects.
Employed in certain industrial lubricants for its lubricating properties.

Safety Profile:
The environmental impacts of Cyclomethicone 5 and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane D5 does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, "the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant."

However, in the European Union, Cyclomethicone 5 was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.
Since 31 January 2020, Cyclomethicone 5 cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in wash-off cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight.


CYCLOMETHICONE D5
Cyclomethicone D5 is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone D5 may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography.
Cyclomethicone D5 provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77
EINECS Number: 208-764-9

DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-9, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, Cyclomethicone D5, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), FT-0665531, NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Featured Industries: Pharmaceutical (small molecule)
Cyclomethicone D5, is a type of silicone commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products.

Cyclomethicone D5 belongs to the class of cyclic siloxanes, specifically a pentamer of the chemical formula (CH3)2SiO.
The "D5" designation refers to its cyclic structure and is often used in product ingredient lists.
Cyclomethicone D5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.

Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone D5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone D5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.

Cyclomethicone D5 is considered an emollient.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.

These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Cyclomethicone D5 is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
Cyclomethicone D5 is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Cyclomethicone D5 is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclomethicone D5 means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning Cyclomethicone D5 doesn’t suffocate skin.

Cyclomethicone D5, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.

The chemical formula for Cyclomethicone D5 is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclomethicone D5 gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Further, Cyclomethicone D5 also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclomethicone D5 has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
Cyclomethicone D5 can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.

Cyclomethicone D5 has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
Cyclomethicone D5 was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristic
Cyclomethicone D5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.

Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic Cyclomethicone D5 and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.
Cyclomethicone D5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and a pollutant through accumulation and persistence in the environment.

Cyclomethicone D5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Cyclomethicone D5 is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone D5’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclomethicone D5 is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.

Cyclomethicone D5 doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclomethicone D5 evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes Cyclomethicone D5 a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Cyclomethicone D5 also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows Cyclomethicone D5 to spread more easily.
As if the name "Cyclomethicone D5" wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

Cyclomethicone D5 is described by Robinson as a silicon-based compound, and it's part of a larger category called cyclomethicone.
Cyclomethicone D5 functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.
Cyclomethicone D5 is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.

Cyclomethicone D5 is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclomethicone D5 also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates quickly when applied to the skin or hair.

This property contributes to a smooth and lightweight feel upon application.
Cyclomethicone D5 enhances the spreadability of cosmetic products and provides a silky, non-greasy texture.
Cyclomethicone D5 helps in the even distribution of other ingredients in formulations.

Cyclomethicone D5 acts as an emollient, imparting a soft and smooth texture to the skin or hair.
Cyclomethicone D5 can improve the appearance of cosmetic formulations, giving them a luxurious and aesthetically pleasing feel.
In hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, Cyclomethicone D5 can contribute to improved manageability, shine, and detangling.

Found in various skincare products like creams and lotions, Cyclomethicone D5 helps in providing a smooth application, and its volatility ensures a non-greasy finish.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Cyclomethicone D5 is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.

Cyclomethicone D5 evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
Cyclomethicone D5 makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.

Cyclomethicone D5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Flash point: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.959
explosive limit 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃

Cyclomethicone D5 is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
Cyclomethicone D5’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.
Cyclomethicone D5 gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.

Also known as Cyclomethicone D5, thankfully, it’s often referred to as simply, D5.
Cyclomethicone D5’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS# 541‐02‐6).

Cyclomethicone D5 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non‐greasy and non‐stinging.
Due to their varying rates of evaporation, low surface tensions (high spreadability), and non‐greasy feel, Cyclomethicone D5s are used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
They are being uses as replacements for Non‐VOC compliant petroleum‐bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents where low to medium solvency power is desireable.

Both Cyclo‐2244 and Cyclo‐2245 have comparable evaporation rates to naptha solvents, odorless mineral spirits (OMS) as well as some of the isoparaffinic solvents.
They are compatible with most substates, including metals and plastics.
Renowned for its role in ensuring utmost reliability and consistency in pharmaceutical testing applications, Cyclomethicone D5 stands as a top-quality reference material in diverse verticals including raw material analysis.

Offering outstanding precision, this secondary pharmaceutical standard ensures accurate results, making it an indispensable asset for those seeking excellence in their analytical endeavours.
Cyclomethicone D5 is an ingredient in cosmetic products that is used as an occlusive because it significantly reduces the stickiness of formulations.
Cyclomethicone D5 consists of fully methylated cyclic dimethylpolysiloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), although the exact composition varies.

D4 and Cyclomethicone D5 are difficult to degrade and accumulate in living organisms (bioaccumulating).
With D4 and Cyclomethicone D5, there is a risk that they will find their way into the human organism through inhalation as a volatile substance from cosmetics.
A layer of D 4 on the skin evaporates within 30 minutes at 25 °C and in 10 minutes at 37 °C.

Cyclomethicone D5was introduced into cosmetics in 1978.
Cyclomethicone D5 is practically insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohols and other solvents .
Cyclomethicone D5 evaporates easily, even from cosmetics, without cooling or causing any discomfort. D 4 is classified as a hazardous substance due to suspected reproductive toxic effects .

Cosmetic applications include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.
Cyclomethicone D5 Fluids are California VOC Exempt and will not contribute to ozone‐ depletion and global warming.
Cyclomethicone D5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and environmental pollutant because it accumulates in the environment and is persistent.

Cyclomethicone D5 works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.
Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclomethicone D5 simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclomethicone D5 makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.

Cyclomethicone D5 is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.
Cyclomethicone D5 is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.

Cyclomethicone D5s, are inert synthetic polymers consisting of repeated units of silicon (Si) atoms, oxygen atoms (O), and R organic substituent (R2SiO), occurring in linear or cyclic forms.
Based on their polymer length, particle size, and molecular weights, siloxanes can be categorised into different groups: fluids, elastomers and resins.

Uses Of Cyclomethicone D5:
Cyclomethicone D5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclomethicone D5 are also known to repel water and glide easily.

Cyclomethicone D5 is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone D5 can help detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Employed as an antifoaming agent in various industrial processes where foam formation needs to be controlled.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in certain adhesive and sealant formulations to improve spreading and application properties.
Included in leather care products such as polishes and conditioners for its conditioning and shining properties.

Found in certain household and cleaning products to enhance the formulation's spreadability and texture.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in certain automotive care products like dashboard polishes and interior cleaners for its smoothing and conditioning effects.
Employed in certain industrial lubricants for its lubricating properties.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the production of polymers and plastics to improve processing and molding properties.
Included in certain paint and coating formulations for its ability to enhance the texture and application of the product.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in some electronic and electrical insulation materials for its dielectric properties.

Applied as a release agent in molding processes to facilitate the easy removal of molded products.
Cyclomethicone D5 sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclomethicone D5 may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.

Cyclomethicone D5’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Cyclomethicone D5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

Cyclomethicone D5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone D5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone D5 is considered an emollient.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclomethicone D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Found in moisturizers, creams, and lotions to provide a smooth and silky texture.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in anti-aging products to improve the spreadability and application of active ingredients.
Included in shampoos and conditioners to enhance manageability, detangling, and shine.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in styling products such as serums and hair sprays for a lightweight, non-greasy finish.
Found in various cosmetics, including foundations, primers, and concealers, to improve texture and blendability.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in lip products for a smooth application.

Included in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product and provide a pleasant feel on the skin.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in formulations to improve the texture and application of deodorant products.
Found in certain pharmaceutical formulations and medical creams for its emollient properties.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in various industrial applications where a silicone with specific properties is required.
May be found in certain household products for its lubricating and water-repelling characteristics.
Applied in textile finishing processes to enhance fabric softness and improve the feel of textiles.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in certain personal lubricants for its smooth and non-sticky properties.
Included in certain automotive and metal polishes to improve the application and shine.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclomethicone D5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Cyclomethicone D5 used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclomethicone D5 used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclomethicone D5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclomethicone D5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Cyclomethicone D5 is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Safety Profile Of Cyclomethicone D5:
The environmental impacts of Cyclomethicone D5 and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane D5 does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, "the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant."

However, in the European Union, Cyclomethicone D5 was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.
Since 31 January 2020, Cyclomethicone D5 cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in wash-off cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight.


CYCLOPENTADECANONE
CYCLOPENTANONE, N° CAS : 120-92-3, Nom INCI : CYCLOPENTANONE, Nom chimique : Cyclopentanone, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-435-9. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques
Cyclopentane
Hexahydrobenzene; Hexamethylene; Naphthene; Benzenehexahydride; Cyclohexane; Hexahydro-Benzene; Ciclohexano; Cyclohexane; Hexamethylene; Hexanaphthene; Cicloesano; Cykloheksan CAS NO:110-82-7
CYCLOPENTANONE
CYCLIC PENTAMER-D5; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXAN; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE; Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)Cyclic Pentamer-D5; VOLASIL(TM) 245; 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane; CD3770; cyclicdimethylsiloxanepentamer; Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-; D3770; Decamethylcylopentasiloxane; Decaαthyl-pentasil-pentoxan; Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan; Dimethylsiloxane pentamer; dimethylsiloxanepentamer CAS NO:541-02-6
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, N° CAS : 541-02-6 - Cyclopentasiloxane, Autres langues : Ciclopentasiloxano, Cyclopentasiloxan, Nom INCI : CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Nom chimique :Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-764-9, Le cyclopentasiloxane est un silicone volatil que l'on appelle aussi Silicone D5. Il ne s'accumule pas sur les cheveux ou la peau et fait bénéficier aux consommateurs de l'avantage de cette famille sans ses inconvénients : toucher doux, non gras et propriétés lubrifiantes. Ses fonctions (INCI): Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Noms français : Décaméthylcyclopentasiloxane. Noms anglais :CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL-; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE; DIMETHYLSILOXANE PENTAMER. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE

Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone compound commonly used in cosmetics, personal care products, and various industrial applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane İs a cyclic silicone with the chemical formula (CH₃)₂SiO, composed of five silicon atoms bonded to each other in a ring structure, with methyl (CH₃) groups attached to each silicon atom.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9

Synonyms: D5, Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone-5, Cyclopolysiloxane, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Pentacyclomethicone, Pentasiloxane, Siloxane D5, Cyclotetrasiloxane, Decamethylcyclohexasiloxane, Cyclohexasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane Mixture, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Mixture, Dimethyl siloxane pentamer, Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me pentamer, Siloxanes and Silicones, pentamethyl, Siloxanes and Silicones, pentamethylcyclopentasiloxanes, Cyclic Dimethylpolysiloxane, Decamethyl Cyclopentasiloxane, Methicone, Pentamer, Pentasilanecyclomethane, Pentasioxane, Pentasil, Siloxane, Pentamer, Pentamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane, Pentamethyl-p-rosan, Pentamethyl-1,3,5,7-tetraoxacyclooctane, Pentamethylpentacyclopentasiloxane, Pentamethylpentacyclopentasiloxane, Pentamethyltetrasiloxane, Pentasilicon, Tetramethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane, Cyclomethicones, Cyclosiloxanes, D4-D20, Dimethicone Cyclomethicone, Polydimethylcyclosiloxanes, D5 silicone, Pentamethylcyclopolysiloxane, Siloxane polymer, Siloxanes, Methicone, Decamethyltetrasiloxane, Pentacyclopolysiloxane, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane, D5 siloxane, Dimethylsiloxanes pentamer, D5 compound, Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, Pentamethylcyclopolysiloxane, Pentamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, Siloxane D5 polymer, Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me pentamer, Siloxanes and Silicones, pentamethyl, Siloxanes and Silicones, pentamethylcyclopentasiloxanes



APPLICATIONS


Cyclopentasiloxane is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions.
Cyclopentasiloxane serves as a key ingredient in makeup primers, helping to create a smooth canvas for foundation application.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in many haircare products, including shampoos, conditioners, and styling products.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in antiperspirants and deodorants to provide a smooth, non-greasy feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in sunscreen formulations to improve spreadability and enhance water resistance.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a common component in anti-aging creams and treatments, helping to soften and smooth the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in pharmaceutical ointments and topical medications for its skin-conditioning properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in wound care products to create a protective barrier over the skin and promote healing.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in baby care products such as diaper creams and lotions for its gentle, non-irritating nature.

Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in massage oils and body creams for its ability to impart a luxurious, silky texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to facial cleansers and makeup removers to aid in the removal of impurities and makeup residue.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in lip balms and lipsticks to provide a smooth, glide-on application and prevent drying.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in bath and shower products such as body washes and scrubs for its emollient properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in men's grooming products such as shaving creams and aftershaves for its lubricating and soothing effects.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in hand creams and moisturizing gloves to soften and hydrate dry, rough skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in foot creams and treatments to smooth calluses and rough patches and prevent moisture loss.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to hair masks and treatments to improve manageability and enhance shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in leave-in conditioners and detanglers to reduce friction and minimize breakage during styling.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in sunless tanning products to improve the evenness of application and prevent streaking.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in nail care products such as cuticle oils and treatments for its softening and conditioning effects.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to massage creams and lotions for its ability to spread easily over the skin and provide slip.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in aromatherapy products such as massage oils and diffuser blends for its neutral odor and compatibility with essential oils.

Cyclopentasiloxane is found in scar treatment products to improve the texture and appearance of scars over time.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in stretch mark creams and treatments to hydrate the skin and improve elasticity.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in post-procedure skincare products to soothe and protect the skin after treatments such as laser therapy or chemical peels.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hair serums and leave-in treatments to provide heat protection during styling with hot tools.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to foundation formulations to improve blendability and create a lightweight, natural finish.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in eye creams and gels to reduce the appearance of puffiness and dark circles.

Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in acne treatment products such as spot treatments and gels for its non-comedogenic properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to fragrance formulations to enhance the longevity and diffusion of the scent.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in bath oils and bath bombs to moisturize the skin and create a luxurious bathing experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in makeup setting sprays to help lock makeup in place for extended wear.

Cyclopentasiloxane is found in dry shampoo formulations to absorb excess oil and refresh the hair between washes.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to lip glosses and lip stains for its lightweight, non-sticky texture.

Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in anti-frizz hair serums and oils to smooth and tame unruly hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in hand sanitizers and antibacterial gels for its quick-drying and non-greasy properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to facial masks and sheet masks to improve adherence and enhance the delivery of active ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in intimate lubricants and moisturizers for its long-lasting slip and smooth texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in body sprays and mists to provide a light, refreshing burst of fragrance.

Cyclopentasiloxane is found in foot sprays and powders to absorb moisture and reduce foot odor.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to scalp treatments and serums to soothe irritation and promote a healthy scalp environment.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in cuticle creams and oils to soften and hydrate dry, brittle cuticles.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in makeup remover wipes and cleansing balms to dissolve makeup and impurities without stripping the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in hair color treatments to improve the evenness of color application and enhance shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to body scrubs and exfoliants to create a smooth, creamy texture and enhance the exfoliating action.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in dry skin treatments such as body butters and creams for its emollient properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in anti-cellulite creams and treatments to improve skin texture and firmness.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in barrier creams and ointments to protect the skin from irritants and moisture loss.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to pre-shave oils and gels to soften the beard and provide a smooth shaving experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in hair volumizing products such as mousses and sprays to add lift and body to the hair.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in sun care products such as sunscreens and sunblocks to improve their spreadability and water resistance.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to body lotions and creams to create a soft, velvety feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in makeup setting powders and sprays to help set makeup and control shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in eye makeup removers to gently dissolve waterproof mascara and eyeliner.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in facial primers to fill in fine lines and pores and create a smooth base for makeup application.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to lip balms and treatments to provide long-lasting hydration and protection against chapping.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in massage candles and oils for its smooth, glide-on texture and skin-conditioning properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hand sanitizing gels and foams to provide a quick-drying, non-sticky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in hair detangling sprays and leave-in conditioners to make combing easier and prevent breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to facial toners and mists to hydrate and refresh the skin throughout the day.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in body shimmer oils and sprays to create a luminous, radiant glow on the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in foot scrubs and exfoliants to soften calluses and rough patches.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in diaper rash creams and ointments to protect delicate baby skin from irritation.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to cuticle remover creams and gels to soften and dissolve excess cuticle growth.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in under-eye concealers to prevent creasing and caking throughout the day.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hair texturizing sprays and mousses to create volume and hold without stiffness.

Cyclopentasiloxane is found in makeup brush cleaners and sanitizers to dissolve makeup residue and bacteria.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to facial serums and treatments to improve the penetration of active ingredients into the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in aftersun lotions and gels to soothe and hydrate sun-exposed skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in cuticle oils and treatments to nourish and strengthen nails and cuticles.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in scalp scrubs and treatments to exfoliate and clarify the scalp.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to bath salts and soaks to soften and hydrate the skin while relaxing the muscles.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in fragrance oils and perfumes to enhance the longevity and diffusion of the scent.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in facial cleansing oils and balms to dissolve makeup and impurities without stripping the skin's natural oils.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in makeup sponge cleansers and sprays to remove makeup buildup and bacteria from beauty tools.

Cyclopentasiloxane contributes to the long-lasting wear of makeup products, preventing them from smudging or fading throughout the day.
In haircare formulations, cyclopentasiloxane smooths and conditions the hair, imparting a glossy sheen and reducing frizz.
Cyclopentasiloxane enhances the spreadability of sunscreens and moisturizers, ensuring even coverage for optimal protection.

Cyclopentasiloxane's low surface tension allows it to penetrate deeply into the hair shaft, providing nourishment from within.
Cyclopentasiloxane facilitates the dispersion of pigments and other additives in cosmetics, ensuring uniform color distribution.

Cyclopentasiloxane's non-comedogenic properties make it suitable for use in skincare products, minimizing the risk of clogged pores.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a non-greasy feel, making it suitable for use in lightweight moisturizers and serums.
The smooth, velvety texture imparted by cyclopentasiloxane creates a luxurious sensory experience during application.
In antiperspirants and deodorants, it helps to create a dry, powdery feel upon application, reducing discomfort.

Cyclopentasiloxane's stability ensures the longevity of cosmetic formulations, preserving their efficacy over time.
Cyclopentasiloxane acts as a lubricant in personal care products, allowing for easy application and comfortable wear.
The rapid evaporation of cyclopentasiloxane leaves behind a cooling sensation on the skin, imparting a refreshing feel.

In foundation formulations, it creates a smooth, even base for makeup application, minimizing the appearance of imperfections.
Cyclopentasiloxane's compatibility with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients makes it a versatile component in formulation development.
Cyclopentasiloxane enhances the spreadability of skincare products, allowing for effortless blending and absorption.

Cyclopentasiloxane imparts a soft-focus effect to cosmetics, diffusing light to minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane's water-repellent properties make it ideal for use in water-resistant sunscreen and makeup formulations.
Its silky texture and skin-smoothing properties make cyclopentasiloxane a popular choice in premium skincare and cosmetics.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone compound commonly used in cosmetics, personal care products, and various industrial applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane İs a cyclic silicone with the chemical formula (CH₃)₂SiO, composed of five silicon atoms bonded to each other in a ring structure, with methyl (CH₃) groups attached to each silicon atom.

In products like skincare and haircare items, cyclopentasiloxane is often used as a carrier agent for other ingredients, giving products a smooth, silky feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps products spread easily and provides a light, non-greasy texture.
Additionally, it can evaporate quickly, leaving a thin layer of the active ingredients on the skin or hair.

Due to its volatility and low surface tension, cyclopentasiloxane is also used in industrial applications such as lubricants, coatings, and sealants.
However, it's worth noting that there has been some concern about its environmental impact and potential bioaccumulation, leading to regulatory scrutiny and efforts to find safer alternatives.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear, odorless liquid with a smooth, slippery texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane exhibits excellent spreadability, effortlessly gliding over the skin upon application.
This versatile compound evaporates quickly, leaving behind a lightweight, silky finish.

Cyclopentasiloxane imparts a luxurious feel to cosmetic and personal care products, enhancing their sensory appeal.
Cyclopentasiloxane serves as an effective carrier for active ingredients, aiding in their absorption into the skin.

Its volatility makes it an ideal ingredient for fast-drying formulas, reducing waiting times between application and product effectiveness.
Despite its lightweight nature, cyclopentasiloxane forms a protective barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: -40°C (-40°F)
Boiling Point: 210°C (410°F)
Density: 0.95 g/cm³
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Vapor Pressure: 0.5 mmHg at 25°C
Flash Point: >93°C (200°F) (closed cup)
pH: Neutral (7)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if trained to do so.
Seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently with lukewarm water, holding the eyelids open, for at least 15 minutes.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or pain persists after rinsing.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water and spit out any remaining substance.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.


Note to Healthcare Professionals:

Treat symptomatically and supportively.
In cases of significant exposure or ingestion, monitor vital signs and provide appropriate medical care.
Consider the possibility of respiratory distress or irritation in cases of inhalation exposure.
Provide eye irrigation if there is evidence of eye contact, and monitor for ocular symptoms.


General Advice:

Keep contaminated clothing and footwear away from other clothing.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling cyclopentasiloxane or any contaminated items.
If symptoms persist or worsen after initial first aid, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide relevant information to medical personnel, including the name and composition of the substance, route of exposure, and extent of exposure.


Note on Safety Precautions:

Always handle cyclopentasiloxane in a well-ventilated area to minimize the risk of inhalation exposure.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety glasses, when handling the substance.
Store cyclopentasiloxane in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials.
Follow all safety precautions and guidelines provided by the manufacturer or supplier of the product containing cyclopentasiloxane.


Emergency Contact Information:

In case of emergency, contact local emergency services or poison control center for further assistance and guidance.
Provide relevant information about the substance, including its name, composition, and any known hazards, to assist medical personnel in providing appropriate treatment.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Ventilation:
Handle cyclopentasiloxane in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety glasses or goggles to protect the eyes, gloves to protect the skin, and a lab coat or protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
In case of contact, follow the first aid measures outlined and wash thoroughly with soap and water.

Preventive Measures:
Implement preventive measures, such as good hygiene practices and regular handwashing, to minimize the risk of accidental ingestion or inhalation.

Avoidance of Sources of Ignition:
Keep away from sources of ignition, such as open flames, sparks, or hot surfaces, as cyclopentasiloxane may be flammable under certain conditions.

No Smoking:
Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in areas where cyclopentasiloxane is handled to prevent accidental ingestion or inhalation.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Have appropriate spill control measures in place, including absorbent materials and spill kits, to contain and clean up spills promptly.
Dispose of waste according to local regulations.

Handling Equipment:
Use equipment and tools made of compatible materials, such as stainless steel or polyethylene, to handle cyclopentasiloxane safely.


Storage:

Container:
Store cyclopentasiloxane in tightly closed containers, preferably made of glass, aluminum, or high-density polyethylene (HDPE), to prevent contamination and evaporation.

Temperature:
Store cyclopentasiloxane in a cool, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
Maintain temperatures below the specified flash point to minimize the risk of ignition.

Avoidance of Oxidizers:
Store cyclopentasiloxane away from strong oxidizing agents and reactive chemicals to prevent potential reactions or hazards.

Separation from Incompatible Materials:
Keep cyclopentasiloxane separated from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, and reactive metals, to avoid adverse reactions or contamination.

Labeling:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the name of the substance, hazard warnings, and safety precautions to facilitate safe handling and storage.

Secure Storage:
Store containers of cyclopentasiloxane securely to prevent tipping or falling, and to minimize the risk of spills or leaks.

Regular Inspection:
Periodically inspect storage areas and containers for signs of damage, leakage, or deterioration, and take appropriate corrective actions as needed.

Training:
Provide training to personnel on safe handling and storage practices for cyclopentasiloxane, including emergency response procedures and proper use of PPE.
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
DESCRIPTION:

Cyclopentasiloxane is easy to use and spread, leaves skin and hair feeling soft and slippery, and leaves no residue after evaporation.
Cyclopentasiloxane can also reduce surface tension and help disperse pigments well.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile silicone used as a carrier base and solvent.



CAS NUMBER: 541-02-6

EC NUMBER: 208-764-9



DESCRIPTION:

Cyclopentasiloxane can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, sun and shaving products, makeup and nail polishes.
Cyclopentasiloxane sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.

Cyclopentasiloxane’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient found in hundreds of personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane improves the texture of formulations, giving them a smooth and silky feel.

Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, is part of the cyclomethicone family of silicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear, odorless, thin liquid that a person may find in many skincare and cosmetic products.
Although Cyclopentasiloxane offers minimal benefits to the skin, manufacturers add cyclopentasiloxane to a vast range of products to improve their feel, delivery, and function.
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which is why many companies use it in antifrizz and detangling products.

Cyclopentasiloxane is also water-resistant. This is why companies commonly use it in sealants and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane offers minimal benefits to the skin. Companies primarily add it to skincare products to improve their sensory feel and texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane has other properties that boost the effectiveness of formulations.
Cyclopentasiloxane is an effective carrier, or solvent, due to its ability to evaporate quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to evenly coat the skin with active ingredients without leaving a heavy, sticky, or tacky residue after application.

Cyclopentasiloxane leaves the active ingredients to work from the skin’s surface as they evaporate.
Cyclopentasiloxane also acts as an emollient that adds a protective barrier to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly and does not stay on the skin surface, so it does not leave a sticky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane leaves a protective yet breathable layer on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps make formulations feel smooth and silky for a smooth and easy application.

Cyclopentasiloxane allows products to spread evenly over the skin so that all areas of the skin receive key ingredients from a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane (cyclomethicone) is a silicon-based cyclic compound; may be associated with environmental toxicity.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.

Cyclopentasiloxane gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane gives softness, shine and heat resistance to the hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane preserves the color of the hair.
In skin care and sun care products, Cyclopentasiloxane provides softness, silkiness, spreadability and reduces stickiness.

Cyclopentasiloxane provides water resistance.
Cyclopentasiloxane gives softness, shine and pigment dispersion to the final product in color cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclopentasiloxane is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, nongreasy and non-stinging.
Cyclopentasiloxane may be used alone or blended with other cosmetic fluids to provide a fluid base for a variety of cosmetic ingredients.

Cyclopentasiloxane features good solubility in most anhydrous alcohols and in many cosmetic solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hundreds of cosmetics.
In the past, there was controversy about its potential health and environmental risks.
But the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel considers it safe to use in cosmetics.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes it a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties. This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.
Cyclopentasiloxane is widely used in cosmetic products due to its unique functions as antistatic, emollient, humectant, solvent, viscosity controlling and hair conditioning agent.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile silicone also known as Silicone D5.

Cyclopentasiloxane does not accumulate on the hair or the skin and allows consumers to benefit from the advantage of this family without its drawbacks: soft feel, non-greasy and lubricating properties.
Nevertheless, Cyclopentasiloxane has been closely monitored for several years and its release into the wild remains a concern.
Cyclopentasiloxane is classified as vPvB (very persistent and very bioaccumulative).
Cyclopentasiloxane is prohibited in organic.

Cyclopentasiloxane is an organic silicone which is frequently used in skin care cosmetics.
In skin care products, Cyclopentasiloxane ensures optimum viscosity and leaves the skin feeling smooth and silky.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a ring-shaped structure that makes it more volatile or less stable.
This instability allows cyclopentasiloxane to evaporate when applied to your skin—making it an excellent ingredient for products that need to go on smoothly but not remain sticky after application.
As all the cyclopentasiloxane eventually evaporates from the surface of the skin, it leaves behind the other key components in the product to work their magic.
This action of evaporation makes it an excellent carrier ingredient.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a multifunctional ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.
The main benefit is that it helps to improve the texture and sensory feel of the product on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has many other added benefits.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to produce a smooth, silky formulation that allows the product to spread evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane prevents the product from catching on dry skin patches and even skin tone by gliding over pores and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in your product.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile substance – like all cyclomethicones.
This allows it to gradually evaporate from the skin, leaving behind the product’s key ingredients without the heaviness of other silicone-based ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.

Instead, it means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane also means you don’t have to worry about cyclopentasiloxane “trapping” or “congesting” skin.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic silicone compound that belongs to the family of organosilicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane is composed of five silicon atoms (in a cyclic structure) linked with oxygen atoms.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear, odorless, and low-viscosity liquid.
Cyclopentasiloxane is widely used in the cosmetic and personal care industry as a silicone-based ingredient.
Cyclopentasiloxane offers a range of properties that make it desirable in various formulations.

Cyclopentasiloxane has a low boiling point and evaporates quickly upon contact with the skin, leaving behind a smooth, silky feel.
This property makes it a popular choice for products that require a lightweight, non-greasy texture, such as lotions, creams, sunscreens, and hair care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane can act as a solvent, helping to dissolve and disperse other ingredients in formulations.
This property allows it to enhance the stability and compatibility of different components in various cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to improve the spreadability and application of products.

Cyclopentasiloxane enables easy and even distribution of formulations on the skin or hair, providing a pleasant sensory experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane has good thermal stability, allowing it to withstand high temperatures.
This makes it suitable for use in heat styling products like hair serums, sprays, and heat protectants.
Cyclopentasiloxane's important to note that cyclopentasiloxane is primarily used in topical cosmetic and personal care products and is not intended for ingestion.

Cyclopentasiloxane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, individuals with specific sensitivities or allergies should review the ingredient list or consult a healthcare professional if necessary.
Due to its unique molecular structure, cyclopentasiloxane imparts a silky, lubricating effect, which can contribute to the smooth application of products.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps reduce friction and provides a luxurious, silky feel on the skin.
The basic structure common to all cyclomethicones is a cyclic backbone of siloxane units

Cyclomethicone is a general term describing an individual and/or a mixture of cyclic siloxane materials that have many uses and are found in a variety of consumer products.
These materials are derived from the natural elements silicon and oxygen.
Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as CSP, is synthetic compound, in cyclic siloxane group.
Cyclopentasiloxane in normal terms is a silicone.
Cyclopentasiloxanes are mainly colorless, odorless liquid with low viscosity.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a low-cost option for vegetable oil or any other animal source.
Cyclopentasiloxane also acts as a volatile solvent.
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a thin film over skin or hair.
This film is non-greasy, but at the same time, water repellent does not let moisture evaporate and provide the emollient effect.

Cyclopentasiloxane also spreads more evenly and faster even when rubbed over the skin or hair surface.
Cyclopentasiloxane also helps improves hair appearance, shine, and manageability.
Because of the film, the environmental effect on skin /hair can be avoided, in other words, it also produces a protective film over skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in skin products, sunscreens, color cosmetics, hair care, lotions, facial make-up, and rinse-off products.



USAGE:

Cyclopentasiloxane is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxanes are also known to repel water and glide easily.
This is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
This can help you detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.
Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in a wide range of personal care products.



APPLICATIONS:

-hair spray
-sunscreen
-antiperspirant
-deodorant
-hair conditioner
-shampoo
-hair detangling products
-waterproof mascara
-foundation
-eyeliner
-concealer
-moisturizer with SPF
-eye shadow
-hairstyling gel and lotion
-lipstick



APPLICATION:

-sunscreen
-antiperspirant
-deodorant
-hair spray
-shampoo
-conditioner
-antifrizz products
-anti-hair-breakage products
-hair-detangling products
-pomade
-makeup
-makeup remover
-night cream




APPLICATIONS:

-Cyclopentasiloxane is a base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rub-out and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.
-In sticks, Cyclopentasiloxane has the right balance between volatility and spreading.


-Antiperspirants
-deodorants
-hair sprays
-cleansing creams
-skin creams
-lotions and stick products
-bath oils
-suntan and shaving products
-make-up
-nail polishes.



COSMETIC USES:

-hair conditioning
-skin conditioning
-skin conditioning - emollient
-solvents




PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid
-Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
-Specific Gravity: 0.95930 at 20.00 °C.
-Refractive Index: 1.39820 at 20.00 °C.
-Melting Point: -38.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
-Boiling Point: 210.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
-Boiling Point: 209.00 to 210.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
-Vapor Pressure: 0.200000 mmHg at 25.00 °C.
-Flash Point: 204.00 °F. TCC ( 95.60 °C. )
-logP (o/w): 5.200




FUNCTIONS:

-Emollient: Softens and softens the skin
-Hair conditioner: Leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
-Skin conditioning agent: Keeps the skin in good condition
-Solvent: Dissolves other substances



BENEFITS:

-Imparts soft silky feel to the skin
-Excellent spreading
-Leaves no oily residue or build up
-Detackification
-Non-greasy



FEATURES:

-Volatile carrier
-Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
-Low surface tension
-Enhances the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product
-Promotes even distribution other ingredients in a formula
-Quickly evaporates from skin’s surface without leaving a heavy feel
-Popular in a wide range of skin and hair care products
-Also functions as a solvent to dissolve and deliver ingredients to skin



STORAGE:

Cyclopentasiloxane should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) in the original unopened containers.



SYNONYM:

Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,4,6,8,10-pentaethenyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-
PENTAVINYLPENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Methylvinylsiloxane cyclic pentamer
2,4,6,8,10-pentakis(ethenyl)-2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
2,4,6,8,10-Pentamethyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentavinylcyclopentasiloxane
2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentavinyl-cyclopentasiloxane
C15H30O5Si5
SCHEMBL1062139
DTXSID9066251
C15-H30-O5-Si5
Pentavinylpentamethylcyclopenta-siloxane
1,3,5,7,9-pentamethyl-1,3,5,7,9-pentavinylcyclopentasiloxane
2,4,6,8,10-Pentavinyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane
2,4,6,8,10-Pentamethyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentavinyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane




IUPAC NAME:

1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxano
decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxan
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Dimethylpolysiloxan



TRADE NAME:

Baysilone D5G
BRB CM 50
Calsil CV 50
Calsil CV50
Calsil IV 50
Calsil IV50
D5
decametilciclopentasiloxano
DOW CORNING(R) 245 FLUID
EXO T216S
KF995
SB32
SF 1202
SHTSF405
SILBIONE PENTAMERE D5
Silsoft 1202-LT
SL25
T-216B
TSF405
XE14-B9042C








CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Cyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

CAS: 541-02-6
MF: C10H30O5Si5
MW: 370.77
EINECS: 208-764-9

Cyclopentasiloxane is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as Cyclopentasiloxane is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane also means you don’t have to worry about cyclopentasiloxane “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).

The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a common ingredient in skincare and body care products, used to improve the texture of formulations, helping products to glide on smoothly and evenly.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has the added benefit of acting as a protective barrier to the skin, protecting the skin from moisture loss, allergens, and bacteria.
Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane is C10H30O5Si5.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear liquid a silicone derivative as an artificial conditioner, delivery agent, lubricant and solvent.

Cyclopentasiloxane is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
Cyclopentasiloxane is cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.

Cyclopentasiloxane Chemical Properties
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Fp: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.959
color: Colorless
explosive limit: 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(541-02-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclopentasiloxane (541-02-6)

Uses
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclopentasiloxane is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.

Cyclopentasiloxane helps to produce a smooth, silky formulation that allows the product to spread evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane prevents the product from catching on dry skin patches and even skin tone by gliding over pores and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in your product.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a multifunctional ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.
The main benefit is that it helps to improve the texture and sensory feel of the product on the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane also has many other added benefits.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile substance – like all cyclomethicones.
This allows Cyclopentasiloxane to gradually evaporate from the skin, leaving behind the product’s key ingredients without the heaviness of other silicone-based ingredients.

The compound is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Production and polymerization
Cyclopentasiloxane is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclopentasiloxane can be removed by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer.
D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.

Synonyms
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
541-02-6
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
NUC silicone VS 7158
Dow corning 345
Silicon SF 1202
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Ciclopentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone D5
KF 995
VS 7158
CCRIS 1328
HSDB 5683
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech]
EINECS 208-764-9
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
0THT5PCI0R
SF 1202
BRN 1800166
C10H30O5Si5
DTXSID1027184
D5
EC 208-764-9
4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
MFCD00046966
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
D5-sil
Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane
D5 Cyclomethicone
dimethylcyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
JEESILC CPS-211
SCHEMBL28497
N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane
XIAMETER PMX-0245
DTXCID907184
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
CHEMBL1885178
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI]
D5 (Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane)
CHEBI:191092
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C10-H30-O5-Si5
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS]
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD]
BCP15826
Tox21_303170
CD3770
KF-995
AKOS008901199
CS-O-01236
CS-W009767
DB11244
DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI]
NCGC00163981-01
NCGC00257224-01
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5)
AS-59731
CAS-541-02-6
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB]
LS-58254
KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5
D1890
D3770
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)
FT-0665531
D78203
S05475
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard
Q414350
Ciclopentasiloxano, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decametil-
decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #
D5 Cyclomethicone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Cyclopentasiloxane is what’s known as a volatile silicone (in chemistry, “volatile” simply means it evaporates easily at room temperature).
Cyclopentasiloxane is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.


CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9
Chemical Formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5


Cyclopentasiloxane is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane is classified as a cyclomethicone.


Cyclopentasiloxane is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly away from it.


This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows Cyclopentasiloxane to spread more easily.


Cyclopentasiloxane sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.


Cyclopentasiloxane may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone
Cyclopentasiloxane’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Cyclopentasiloxane (cyclomethicone) is a silicon-based cyclic compound.


As if the name Cyclopentasiloxane wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
But no need to stress—you can keep Cyclopentasiloxane simple and call it D5, its other commonly used name, for short.
Cyclopentasiloxane functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.


Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient used in cosmetics and many other products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone.
Also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, thankfully, Cyclopentasiloxane’s often referred to as simply, D5.


Cyclopentasiloxane’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a common ingredient in skincare and body care products, used to improve the texture of formulations, helping products to glide on smoothly and evenly.


Cyclopentasiloxane also has the added benefit of acting as a protective barrier to the skin, protecting the skin from moisture loss, allergens, and bacteria.
Cyclopentasiloxane is part of a family of small silicones called cyclomethicones.


Cyclomethicones are clear, odorless liquids utilized in skincare products to give your skincare a smooth texture that allows the product’s key ingredients to be delivered evenly to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is one of the most common ingredients used in personal care products today.


Synthetically manufactured, Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone derivative that carries a variety of skin and hair applications, such as hair spray and sunscreens.
With a broader focus on uses in styling, Cyclopentasiloxane is finding more and more popularity in hair care products, and those where a microscopic protective layer may benefit the skin.


Cyclomethicones are sometimes also called cyclosiloxanes; they are different names for the same class of chemicals.
The two most commonly used cyclomethicones are cyclopentasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane; you may have seen these ingredients somewhere near the bottom of your product’s ingredients list.


Cyclopentasiloxane has a ring-shaped structure that makes it more volatile or less stable.
This instability allows Cyclopentasiloxane to evaporate when applied to your skin—making it an excellent ingredient for products that need to go on smoothly but not remain sticky after application.


As all the Cyclopentasiloxane eventually evaporates from the surface of the skin, it leaves behind the other key components in the product to work their magic.
This action of evaporation makes Cyclopentasiloxane an excellent carrier ingredient.
Cyclopentasiloxane appears in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.


Cyclopentasiloxane is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and watery.
Cyclopentasiloxane is not absorbed through the skin but evaporates quickly.
This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane a useful ingredient in many quick-drying cosmetics such as antiperspirants and hair sprays.


Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties.
This provides a smooth and silky feel when applied to skin and hair, and makes the product easier to spread.
Cyclopentasiloxane works as an emollient, lubricant, and solvent and gives cosmetic and skin care products a very silky texture.


Cyclopentasiloxane also seals in hydration and dissolves heavier ingredients.
Due to these properties, anyone looking to soften their skin with a lightweight product can use this compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in various skin and hair care products and is considered safe to use.


One of the main advantages of Cyclopentasiloxane is that it aids in the drying and spreading of skin and hair products while also providing a smooth feel to your skin and hair without weighing them down.
According to research, Cyclopentasiloxane is not absorbed into the skin at high enough levels to cause harm, so there is no need to worry about it messing with your hormones.


Though the use of Cyclopentasiloxane in skin care has been the subject of some debate, scientists believe that it is safe for topical use.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane is categorized as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.


Instead, it means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with Cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
It also means you don’t have to worry about Cyclopentasiloxane “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).


The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning Cyclopentasiloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
While Cyclopentasiloxane is typically the name that you’ll see on a product’s ingredient list, it also goes by cyclomethicone D5 or just D5 in research literature.


According to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel’s assessment (as reported in 2011), Cyclopentasiloxane can safely be used in up to 93% in personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane does not pose a health risk to skin as used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is essentially a silicon-based compound that is a part of a larger category known as cyclomethicone.


Cyclopentasiloxane is sometimes also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a colorless, odorless liquid with a low viscosity.
Cyclopentasiloxane is actually a type of silicone that’s regularly used in skincare and haircare products.


It is specifically part of a small silicone group: cyclomethicones.
According to clinical studies and reports, cyclomethicones have been deemed safe for cosmetic ingredient uses as they are not significantly absorbed through the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane, a synthetic substance, is made up of silicone and oxygen.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile polydimethyl cyclosiloxanes, mainly by decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane composition.
Cyclopentasiloxane is clear, odorless, basically odorless, non-greasy.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile silicone also known as Silicone D5.


Cyclopentasiloxane does not accumulate on the hair or the skin and allows consumers to benefit from the advantage of this family without its drawbacks: soft feel, non-greasy and lubricating properties.
Nevertheless, Cyclopentasiloxane has been closely monitored for several years and its release into the wild remains a concern.


Cyclopentasiloxane is classified as vPvB (very persistent and very bioaccumulation).
Cyclopentasiloxane is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane is C10H30O5Si5.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile polydimethyl cyclosiloxanes, mainly by decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane composition.
Cyclopentasiloxane is clear, odorless, basically odorless, non-greasy.


Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient found in hundreds of personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane improves the texture of formulations, giving them a smooth and silky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, is part of the cyclomethicone family of silicones.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear, odorless, thin liquid that a person may find in many skincare and cosmetic products.
Although it offers minimal benefits to the skin, manufacturers add cyclopentasiloxane to a vast range of products to improve their feel, delivery, and function.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.


Silicones are also known to repel water and glide easily.
This is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.


This can help you detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.
Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in a wide range of personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used hair spray, sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, hair conditioner, shampoo, hair detangling products, waterproof mascara, foundation, eyeliner, concealer, moisturizer with SPF, eye shadow hairstyling gel and lotion lipstick.


We use Cyclopentasiloxane in C+C Serum as part of the water-free base that spreads evenly over the skin and then evaporates away, leaving behind just the active antioxidants.
Cyclopentasiloxane (say that five times fast) is a commonly used silicone - that gives hair a silky feel, and guards your hair from moisture getting in and causing frizz.


It’s big claim to fame is that Cyclopentasiloxane’s lightweight and is absorbed into the hair quickly, but washes out just as fast.
Often used in conditioners, Cyclopentasiloxane can be applied in your hair before using a wet brush to allow you to detangle without catching any knots.
Unlike heavier silicone products, Cyclopentasiloxane is neutrally charged and does not bind to hair.


Regularly paired with dimethicone, Cyclopentasiloxane is also a high performing ingredient because it has the ability to smooth out heavier silicones that would otherwise be hard to distribute.
We love Cyclopentasiloxane because it prevents damage by locking moisture in and keeping water out.


Cyclopentasiloxane is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
Cyclopentasiloxane can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.


Cyclopentasiloxane is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.


It is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as Cyclopentasiloxane makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also used as part of silicone based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane is considered an emollient.


Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.


Cyclopentasiloxane is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.


Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.


Plus Cyclopentasiloxane gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is one such silicone also used in hair or skin care products.
In fact, Cyclopentasiloxane is used in wash-off cosmetics and is used in personal care products today across many beauty brands.


According to a Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Panel report, the most common uses of Cyclopentasiloxane include: Bath Products, Eye makeup including eye shadows, mascaras, eye makeup removers, Colognes and toilet waters, Hair Conditioners, Hair Colors (check out the Permanent Hair Color Rating List e-book for colors that don’t have it), Lipsticks, Foundations, Deodorants, Skin Cleansing Creams, Body Lotions, Hand Lotions, Moisturizers, and Suntan products.


Cyclopentasiloxane is widely used in cosmetics and body care products
Cyclopentasiloxane has good compatibility with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.


Cyclopentasiloxane gives a very silky and slippery feel when applied to the skin and hair and is mainly used in products such as antiperspirants, hair conditioners, sunblocks, and other skincare products.
The key function of Cyclopentasiloxane is to work as an emollient.


Cyclopentasiloxane is available in liquid form, and it is mainly used as a skin and hair conditioning agent.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s also commonly used in things like sealants, sunscreen, windshield coatings, medical implants, and antiperspirants.
Hair spray, sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, mascara, foundation, and makeup – these are some of the products that use cyclopentasiloxane, aka D5.


Cyclopentasiloxane helps create that soft, silky, and moist feeling on your hair or skin.
Sometimes, elements like hydrogen and carbon are also used.
They are all natural substances, but Cyclopentasiloxane undergoes chemical processing before it is used in cosmetic and skincare products.


Cyclopentasiloxane widely used in cosmetics and body care products, Such as skin care, sunscreen,makeup, hair conditioning products, good compatibility with most of the alcohol and other cosmetic solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane is directly used as the carrier, the main raw material, also can be used as an additive.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in aqueous systems by the method of Emulsification.


Cyclopentasiloxane gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.


-Application of Cyclopentasiloxane:
• Cyclopentasiloxane is a base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rubout and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.
• Cyclopentasiloxane is used Antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, nail polishes.
• In sticks, Cyclopentasiloxane has the right balance between volatility and spreading.


-Cosmetic use of Cyclopentasiloxane:
Cyclopentasiloxane can be frustrating to decipher the long chemical names on the label of your favorite cosmetic products.
Simple ingredients like water and alcohol are easy to recognize.
But lengthy chemical names can leave even the most conscious consumers scratching their heads.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hundreds of cosmetics.
In the past, there was controversy about Cyclopentasiloxane's potential health and environmental risks.
But the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel considers Cyclopentasiloxane safe to use in cosmetics.


-Application of Cyclopentasiloxane:
• A base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rubout, and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.
• Antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, nail polishes.
• In sticks, Cyclopentasiloxane has the right balance between volatility and spreading.


-Face illustration:
This colorless, odorless compound is mainly used as an emollient to help smooth out beauty product creams and gels.
It can also create a protective barrier on your skin once applied, which may help keep your skin safe from toxins, bacteria, germs, pollution, and other yuckiness.



WHAT ARE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE'S BENEFITS?
Cyclopentasiloxane offers minimal benefits to the skin.
Companies primarily add Cyclopentasiloxane to skincare products to improve their sensory feel and texture.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane has other properties that boost the effectiveness of formulations.

Lightweight carrier:
Cyclopentasiloxane is an effective carrier, or solvent, due to its ability to evaporate quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to evenly coat the skin with active ingredients without leaving a heavy, sticky, or tacky residue after application.
Cyclopentasiloxane leaves the active ingredients to work from the skin’s surface as they evaporate.

Forms a protective barrier:
Cyclopentasiloxane also acts as an emollient that adds a protective barrier to the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly and does not stay on the skin surface, so it does not leave a sticky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane leaves a protective yet breathable layer on the skin.

Facilitates a smooth application and delivery:
Cyclopentasiloxane helps make formulations feel smooth and silky for a smooth and easy application.
Cyclopentasiloxane allows products to spread evenly over the skin so that all areas of the skin receive key ingredients from a product.

Improves the appearance of scars:
Many silicone gel preparations use Cyclopentasiloxane as a carrier to deliver other silicone ingredients to the skin.

Inexpensive:
Cyclopentasiloxane is generally less costly than other silicone ingredients.
Therefore, a person may find that products containing Cyclopentasiloxane are more affordable.



FUNCTIONS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
*Emollient:
Softens and softens the skin
*Hair conditioner:
Leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
*Skin conditioning agent:
Keeps the skin in good condition
*Solvent:
Dissolves other substances



ADVANTAGES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
• Volatile carrier
• Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
• Low surface tension
• Imparts soft silky feel to the skin
• Excellent spreading
• Leaves no oily residue or build up
• Detackification
• Non-greasy



HOW TO USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Cyclopentasiloxane is compatible with many cosmetic ingredients, even some waxes, fatty acids, fatty acid esters and non volatile silicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane features good solubility in most anhydrous alcohols and in many cosmetic solvents.
1. Anti-perspirants, deodorant: 3-10%;
2. Hair Care: 1-5%;
3. Skin Care: 3-10%;
4. Perfume: 0.5-3%.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE USED FOR?
Because of its many enriching properties, Cyclopentasiloxane silicone is a common ingredient used in a variety of hair and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps the products spread more evenly and dry quickly, thus providing all the benefits without weighing the skin or hair down.
Cyclopentasiloxane also gives cosmetic products a silky texture.

*Skin care:
The hydrating properties of Cyclopentasiloxane are great for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but rather evaporates quickly.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane skin care has anti-aging properties and is a great ingredient to be used in lotions

*Hair care:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a great conditioner for hair because of its lubricating properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair detangling products.
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly

*Cosmetic products:
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in makeup and makeup removers because it is non-comedogenic and does not block pores



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Although Cyclopentasiloxane has minimal benefits specific to the skin, it does have notable sensory properties and also helps in how the product functions.

*Spreads easily:
Silicones are known for their slippery glide and smooth feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane gives products a silky smooth texture that applies easily and leaves a non-greasy finish.

*Is inexpensive:
Because Cyclopentasiloxane is cheaper than other similar silicones, your products that contain it will also be more affordable as a result.

*Evaporates quickly:
Cyclopentasiloxane is volatile, so it's often included in product formulations because it allows the products to dry faster.

*Is lightweight:
Some silicones are heavy, but this one is particularly lightweight and used when a lighter feel is desired.
This trait is especially helpful in haircare products so as not to weigh down the hair strands.

*Disperses heavier ingredients:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well when combined with heavier oils or silicones because it makes them easier to spread and provides a nice feel to the skin.

*Seals hydration:
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a seal or barrier on the skin.
This barrier protects against transepidermal water loss (TEWL), which can lead to inflammatory conditions.
Cyclopentasiloxane may also work similarly when used on the hair by coating the hair shaft.
The molecular structure of silicones (large molecules with wide spaces between each molecule) means that the barrier they form is permeable, preventing the skin from "suffocating".



WHAT DOES CYCLOPENTASILOXANE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emollient
*Hair conditioning
*Skin conditioning



WHAT DO PEOPLE USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE FOR?
The primary function of Cyclopentasiloxane is to work as an emollient.
Cyclopentasiloxane can also give products a silky feel, which allows them to glide smoothly and deliver any active ingredients to the body evenly.
Manufacturers also use Cyclopentasiloxane as a solvent to help deliver active ingredients in a product to the skin or hair.

However, unlike other silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane is volatile, which means that it quickly evaporates and dries when applied to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which is why many companies use it in antifrizz and detangling products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also water-resistant.

This is why companies commonly use Cyclopentasiloxane in sealants and windshield coatings.
A person may find Cyclopentasiloxane in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, such as: sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, hair spray, shampoo, conditioner, antifrizz products, anti-hair-breakage products, hair-detangling products, pomade, makeup, makeup remover, and night cream



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Emollient, lubricant, and solvent

MAIN BENEFITS:
Cyclopentasiloxane gives products a silky texture, seals hydration, and dissolves heavier ingredients

WHO SHOULD USE IT:
In general, anyone looking to soften their skin with a lightweight product

HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE IT:
Cyclopentasiloxane is safe to use on a daily basis.

WORKS WELL WITH:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well when combined with heavier oils or silicones because it makes them easier to spread on the skin.

DON'T USE WITH:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well with most, if not, all other ingredients.



HERE ARE A FEW POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF PRODUCTS CONTAINING CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Seals hydration.
When used on hair, Cyclopentasiloxane coats the hair shaft and guards against water loss.
Cyclopentasiloxane works similarly on the skin by creating a barrier that locks in moisture.
Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in cosmetics and health and beauty products that require faster drying times (think deodorants, sunscreens, and moisturizers).
Cyclopentasiloxane spreads easily.
Like other types of silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane in cosmetics applies and spreads easily, leaving a silky smooth texture and a non-greasy finish.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a lightweight feel.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN SKINCARE?
When applied, Cyclopentasiloxane has a silky and slippery texture that creates a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane in hair products may help prevent breakage, detangle, and reduce frizz.



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE AT A GLANCE:
*Cyclopentasiloxane enhances the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product
*Cyclopentasiloxane promotes even distribution other ingredients in a formula
*Cyclopentasiloxane quickly evaporates from skin’s surface without leaving a heavy feel
*Popular in a wide range of skin and hair care products
*Also functions as a solvent to dissolve and deliver ingredients to skin



HOW TO USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
If you use a moisturizer containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is recommended to apply it after your toner and serum as it helps seal these products underneath and improve their absorption.



HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE?
Although Cyclopentasiloxane is completely safe for daily use, the amount and frequency that you should use largely depend upon the product in question.



WHAT DOES CYCLOPENTASILOXANE WORK WELL WITH?
Typically, Cyclopentasiloxane works well when combined with heavier oils or silicones because of the simple reason that it makes them easier to spread on the skin.



WHAT NOT TO USE WITH CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well with most skincare ingredients, so there is nothing that you cannot use it with.



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE UNVEILED:
Rediscover the benefits of Cyclopentasiloxane in hair and skin care to unlock the power of this remarkable ingredient.
From enhancing skin hydration to giving your skin a smooth and silky texture, Cyclopentasiloxane has become a go-to ingredient for many skincare enthusiasts.
Take a look at the infographic below for a recap on Cyclopentasiloxane's top benefits.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN SKIN CARE?
Cyclopentasiloxane or D5 is used in a wide variety of cosmetic products as it is known to evaporate and dry faster.
Further, silicones and silicon-based products also repel water and glide easily.
This is the reason why they are commonly used as ingredients in various cosmetics, lubricants, and sealants.
In beauty products, Cyclopentasiloxane is primarily used as a lubricant, solvent, and delivery agent, as it gives a very silky and slippery feeling when applied to the skin and hair.

Apart from the above properties, Cyclopentasiloxane is also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which can help you detangle your hair, reduce frizz, and prevent hair breakage.
Due to these reasons, Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in a wide variety of skin care, cosmetic, and personal care products.
Some of these include sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, hair spray, shampoos, and hair conditioners.



EFFECT OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN COSMETICS:
Cyclopentasiloxane is known for its ability to evaporate and dry quickly.
Silicones also provide hydration and evaporate quickly.
This is the reason brands often use Cyclopentasiloxane as an ingredient in lubricants and sealants.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has the ability to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Using a hair care product containing Cyclopentasiloxane will help you untangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.
Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in a wide range of personal care products such as: hairspray, sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, conditioner, shampoo, waterproof mascara, eyeliner , concealer, moisturizer with SPF, styling gel and lotion,
Cyclopentasiloxane lipstick may appear on product labels as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
*THE GOOD:
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to improve the texture of products, giving them a silky feel.
They also help to deliver key ingredients to the skin and protect the skin from moisture loss.

*THE NOT-SO-GOOD:
Often will need to be combined with heavier silicones to help improve the thickness and spreadability of Cyclopentasiloxane.

*SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well with most ingredients.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE?
Cyclopentasiloxane is a multifunctional ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.
The main benefit is that Cyclopentasiloxane helps to improve the texture and sensory feel of the product on the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane also has many other added benefits.

Texture:
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to produce a smooth, silky formulation that allows the product to spread evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane prevents the product from catching on dry skin patches and even skin tone by gliding over pores and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in your product.

Lightweight:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile substance – like all cyclomethicones.
This allows Cyclopentasiloxane to gradually evaporate from the skin, leaving behind the product’s key ingredients without the heaviness of other silicone-based ingredients.

Inexpensive:
One of the most significant benefits of Cyclopentasiloxane is that it is an inexpensive ingredient for formulators.
For example, Cyclopentasiloxane may be used as a cheap alternative to organic ingredients like vegetable glycerin, and its concentrations in skincare items can be more easily varied because it is synthetically manufactured.

Synthetic ingredients often have a bad reputation in the skincare world as they are considered not natural.
This is a bit of a misunderstanding; artificial ingredients are usually safer than their plant or animal-derived counterparts as they contain fewer impurities.
They are also better for the environment as they don’t need to be sourced from a natural resource.



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN SKIN CARE:
The benefits of Cyclopentasiloxane specifically on the skin are minimal, but it possesses noteworthy sensory properties and also helps in how a specific product functions.
Some of these benefits include:

1. Lightweight In Nature:
While some silicones are heavy, Cyclopentasiloxane is particularly lightweight and used in skin care or hair care products when a lighter feel is desired.
This feature is especially helpful in hair care products to ensure that the hair strands are not weighed down.

2. Spreads Easily:
Silicones are well known for their smooth texture and slippery glide.
Due to this trait, Cyclopentasiloxane gives skin care products a very smooth and silky texture that applies easily and leaves a non-sticky, non-greasy finish.

3. Seals In Hydration:
Another benefit of Cyclopentasiloxane is that it forms a seal or barrier on the skin that helps protect it against transepidermal water loss (TEWLi ), which can lead to inflammatory conditions.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane also works similarly when used on the hair by coating the hair shaft.

4. Inexpensive:
One of the other significant benefits of Cyclopentasiloxane is that it is an inexpensive ingredient for most formulators.
For instance, Cyclopentasiloxane may be used as an inexpensive alternative to organic ingredients, and its concentrations in skin care products can be easily varied because it is synthetically manufactured.

5. Evaporates Faster:
Since Cyclopentasiloxane is volatile and allows the products to dry faster, it is often included in skincare product formulations.
Cyclopentasiloxane also helps produce a smooth, silky formula that allows the cosmetic or product to spread evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane prevents the skin care product from catching on dry skin patches and even out the skin tone by gliding over wrinkles and pores.
Cyclopentasiloxane also ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in the anti-aging product, which may help in fine line and wrinkle reduction.

6. Easily Disperses Heavier Ingredients:
Cyclopentasiloxane works very well when combined with heavier oils or silicones since it makes them much easier to spread and offers a smooth feel to the skin.

7. Scarring:
Cyclopentasiloxane has also been suggested to improve the overall appearance of scars when used in conjunction with other similar silicone ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is known to enhance the appearance of superficial and keloid scars, as per research.
While the research has not been particularly conducted on Cyclopentasiloxane, it is related to the broader subgroup of silicones.
Moreover, many silicone gel preparations contain cyclopentasiloxane or cyclopentasiloxane, which is widely used as a volatile element to deliver the other silicone ingredients to the skin.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN SKIN CARE?
Cyclopentasiloxane has many benefits.
Since Cyclopentasiloxane makes products spread easily, it’s added to moisturisers and foundations to help them glide onto the skin without pulling it.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s also a very lightweight type of silicone, allowing it to feel effortless on the skin.
When added to heavier weight foundations and products with heavier oils, Cyclopentasiloxane helps to disperse them across the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s also used in spray products that need to dry quickly, such as hair spray and spray on deodorants and antiperspirants.
This is because Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile compound, meaning that it quickly evaporates into the air, leaving behind the active ingredients.
What’s more, Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient that's also very cheap to use and add to product formulations...



IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE THE SAME AS SILICONES USED IN HAIRCARE PRODUCTS?
You may be aware of the use of silicones in hair care products.
They help to seal in moisture by forming a protective barrier over the hair shaft.
You might have also heard of certain big brand name shampoos and conditioners containing silicone, that coat the hair.
This has the benefit of making the hair feel soft and shiny.

But Cyclopentasiloxane also has the unwanted side effect of pushing water away from the hair.
This then means that the hair becomes dehydrated and we all know what that means - dry, brittle hair that’s prone to breaking and turning frizzy.
So in order to prevent this dryness and frizziness, we should steer well clear of the products that promise to do the opposite, but in fact, cause the dryness and frizziness! (A classic case of short term gains - glossiness - leading to long term disadvantages - dryness.)



WHAT DOES CYCLOPENTASILOXANE DO FOR SKIN?
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to provide a protective barrier on the skin. Cyclopentasiloxane doesn't get absorbed into the skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane eventually evaporates away when applied to the skin or hair, simply acting to deliver the active ingredients.



WHAT OTHER PRODUCTS IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE USED IN?
Silicones such as Cyclopentasiloxane are often used in cosmetic products and skin care but they're pretty ubiquitous in all personal care products.
They help to protect the skin from moisture loss and add a protective barrier to the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane is also found in waterproof mascara, lipsticks, eyeshadows, products designed to detangle the hair and sunscreens.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane commonly known as D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a member of the family of ingredients which also include cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclohexasiloxane (D6), and cyclomethicone, which is a mixture of the individual chain-length cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds from D4 to D6.



WHY IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in cosmetics and personal care products for its excellent skin conditioning and hair conditioning properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also used as a solvent when rapid evaporation of the solvent is desired, in products like deodorants and antiperspirants that coat the skin but do not remain tacky after application.
Cyclopentasiloxane also facilitates a smooth texture and an even application in products, including sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, lotions, etc.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS:
The cyclomethicone family of ingredients creates many positive qualities associated with personal care products: luxuriant texture, silky smoothness, luster and smooth applications.
These ingredients help make personal care products non-stinging and non-irritating.
For example, cyclomethicones reduce the white residue and tacky feel of antiperspirants in deodorants and help “long-lasting” makeup retain its color and luster. With cyclomethicones, shampoos and conditioners shine better, and sunscreen products obtain stronger SPF.
They also provide smooth and even application of makeup, lotions, sunscreens and cleansers.



FUNCTIONS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*HAIR CONDITIONING
Leaves the hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and / or imparts volume
*SKIN CONDITIONING
Maintains the skin in good condition
*SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT
Softens and smoothens the skin
*SOLVENT
Dissolves other substances



WHAT TYPE OF INGREDIENT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE?
To begin with, its full chemical name is decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, or cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane.
Commonly known as D5, Cyclopentasiloxane is an odorless and colorless liquid, also used in dry cleaning.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane belongs to the group of cyclic silicones which are not to be confused with linear silicones, such as dimethicone, because their safety differs drastically.



IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE A BAD SILICONE?
The answer to this question depends on your definition of “bad.”
On the one hand, cyclopentasiloxane in skin care does not seem to irritate, clog pores, or cause allergic reactions or sensitization.
Therefore, in this sense, it is not bad.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Melting point : -44°C
Boiling point: 210 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Density : 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Appearance: Colorless to transparent liquid
Specific gravity at 25°C (77°F) : 0.95
Chroma, Hazen: <10
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s: 3.8-4.2
Refractive index at 25°C (77°F) : 1.397
Flash point (closed cup), ℃: 80
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) content, %: < 0.1
Cyclopentasiloxane(D5) content, %: ≥ 99.0
Soluble: ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol.
Flash point: 76°C
HS Code: 29310095
Log P: 3.59200
MDL: MFCD00046966
PSA: 46.15
Refractive Index: 1.396
Risk Statements: R36/37/38
RTECS: GY5945200
Safety Statements: S23-S24/25

Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Merck : 14,2848
Molecular Weight: 370.77
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Boiling Point: 101 °C
Melting Point: -44ºC
Flash Point: 162 °F
Purity: >99.0%(GC)
Density: 0.958
Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Appearance: Liquid
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Chemical formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass: 370.770 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water: 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C)

log P: 8.07
Vapor pressure: 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C)
Viscosity: 3.74 cP
CAS Database: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -38 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 90 °C at 13 hPa - lit., 210 °C at 1.013 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 73 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 645,15 K
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: < 0,00001 g/l at 23 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 8,023 at 25,3 °C

Vapor pressure: 0,3 hPa at 25 °C, 41 hPa at 110,6 °C
Density: 0,958 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 0,96 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: Colorless to transparent liquid
Specific gravity at 25°C (77°F) : 0.95
Chroma, Hazen: <10
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s: 3.8-4.2
Refractive index at 25°C (77°F) : 1.397
Flash point (closed cup), ℃: 80
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) content, %: < 0.1
Cyclopentasiloxane(D5) content, %: ≥ 99.0
Soluble: ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol.



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Cyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
D5 Silicone
D5 Siloxane
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
DecaMethylcyclopentasiloxane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
D5 Cyclomethicone
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
CD3770
D3770
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Cyclopentamethicone
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
D5
D5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE)
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile carrier, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, and has low surface tension.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a drier finish than Dimethicone.


CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9
Chemical Formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5



SYNONYMS:
Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, D5 Silicone, D5 Siloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, DecaMethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, CD3770, D3770, Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentamethicone, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, D5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopolydimethylsiloxane, Dimethylcyclopolysiloxane, Polydimethyl siloxy cyclics, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-91, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, D5 Cyclomethicone, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentamethicone, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, D5, D5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-DECAMETHYL-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-PENTOXAPENTASILOXANE, CYCLOMETHICONE, 5, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP - RS], CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL-, D5, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], LCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, DOW CORNING UP-1002 ULTRA PURE FLUID, JEESILC CPS -211, KF-995, KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), XIAMETER PMX-0245, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone5, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxan, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane,



Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an ultra-light volatile silicone ingredient.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a generic/broad term for one or more cyclic siloxanes, primarily cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), and cyclohexasiloxane (D6). Learn more here.


There are other cyclic siloxanes (D3–D7) but D4, D5, and D6 are the primary ones for cosmetic use.
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) (D5), and cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are sold as isolated ingredients, but I’ve only ever found cyclopentasiloxane (D5) available to homecrafters.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a clear, colorless, volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
If you check product datasheets you might find out that the “Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)” you’re looking at is almost entirely cyclopentasiloxane (D5).


For example, this datasheet for the Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is 99–100% cyclopentasiloxane (D5), with a small amount of cyclotetrasiloxane (D4).
Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a clear, alcohol-free and odorless liquid, added to personal skin care products to give them a smoother texture that is more easily applied to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a thin clear liquid


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile carrier, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, and has low surface tension.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) imparts a soft velvety feel to the skin, has excellent spreading, leaves no oily residue or build-up, detackification, and is non-greasy.


Cyclomethicones are cyclic (circular) silicones of low molecular weight that possess a cyclical structure rather than a chain structure (like Dimethicone).
Some cyclic silicones are volatile (they evaporate) while others are not.
Cyclic silicones that are volatile include D4 (Cyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)) and D6 (Cyclohexasiloxane).


This water-like liquid, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), is synthetically manufactured but is derived from naturally occurring oxygen and silicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) encompasses within itself the family of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), also known as D5 or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a low viscosity emollient with high spreadability, making it an ideal choice for skincare and haircare products.


Its water-resistance properties allow Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) to provide lasting protection from moisture, leaving skin and hair feeling smooth and moisturized.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS#541-02-6).


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non-greasy and non-stinging.
In general, the lower the number, the more volatile the cyclic silicone and the faster it evaporates.
Its volatility, excellent spreading and lubrication qualities make Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) an ideal carrier for other ingredients and excellent light conditioners for hair and skin.


Unlike D4 Cyclomethicone (Cyclo-2244), Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a much higher pour point and does not present the freezing concerns that D4 presents.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is also known as cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H30O5Si5, a colorless liquid widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, compatible with most alcohols and Good compatibility with other cosmetic solvents.


Non-greasy, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) leaves no oily residue or build-up and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.
In the cosmetic industry, cyclic silicones are commonly referred to as Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone).
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a minimum of 96% it and will contain no more than 0.0 - 0.099% (a maximum of 990 parts per million) of D4 Cycloteterasiloxane.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane commonly known as D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a member of the family of ingredients which also include cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclohexasiloxane (D6), and cyclomethicone, which is a mixture of the individual chain-length cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds from D4 to D6.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a clear, colourless, volatile silicone oil.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is not one type of silicone, but a whole mixture of them: it's a mix of specific chain length (4 to 7) cyclic structured silicone molecules.
All the silicones in the Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) mixture are volatile, meaning they evaporate from the skin or hair rather than stay on it.


This means that Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a light skin feel with none-to-minimal after-feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also makes the formulas easy to spread and has nice emollient properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH₃)₂SiO]₅.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is classified as cyclomethicone.
Commercially Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.


Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
The cyclic siloxanes, including Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), can be removed from this mixture by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an ingredient found in hundreds of personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) improves the texture of formulations, giving them a smooth and silky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, is part of the cyclomethicone family of silicones.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a clear, odorless, thin liquid that a person may find in many skincare and cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.


This water-like liquid, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), is synthetically manufactured but is derived from naturally occurring oxygen and silicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) encompasses within itself the family of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a silicon-based cyclic compound.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a lightweight silicone.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can evaporate quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) evaporates quickly away from it.


This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also has lubricating properties.


This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.
While Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is typically the name that you’ll see on a product’s ingredient list, it also goes by cyclomethicone D5 or just D5 in research literature.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
In Cosmetics & Personal Care Dive into the integral role of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in personal care products.
Explore Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)'s multifaceted benefits and widespread applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) forms a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which is why many companies use it in antifrizz and detangling products.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is also water-resistant.
This is why companies commonly use Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in sealants and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is low-molecular weight silicones and are not viscous but very fluid and often used as solvents.


10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is commonly used as a base fluid in topical formulations because of its volatility, spreading and sensory benefits – namely their smooth, dry and non-greasy feel on the skin.


Linear silicones (e.g. dimethicone) are large high-molecular polymers that are viscous and more oil-like.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is rapidly evaporates without cooling the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) leaves the skin dry, smooth and silky.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is currently used in a range of dermatological treatments and pharmaceutical applications, such as creams and gels, and in medicated treatments for skin and scalp applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile siloxane, Ease of spreading, Non-occlusive, Non-greasy, Leave non-oily residue, Imparts soft smooth feel on the skin, Detackifier, Solvent, Non-cooling effect on skin.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used as skin emollient in cosmetic and personal products.
Because molecules of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) are too large to enter human pores, and don’t tend to block the active ingredients from entering the skin, cyclomethicone is a commonly used as a skin emollient ingredient.


Due to their volatility (varying rates of evaporation), low surface tensions (high Spreadability), and non-greasy feel, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
Cosmetic applications of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used ideal carrier for makeup, other color cosmetic skin creams, deodorants and stick products without the oily feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) provides excellent stability and aesthetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a generic name for several cyclic substances derived from silica (sand is a silica).


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is exempt from Federal VOC regulations (including CARB and OTC) and will not contribute to ozone-depletion and global warming.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is being widely accepted as replacements for non-VOC complaint petroleum-bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is especially effective for applications where low to medium solvency power is desireable.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
In addition, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is being used as a Federal VOC Exempt cleaning agent in dry cleaning applications.


Silicones have special fluid properties that provide an excellent balance for slip and silky touch on the skin and impart emollience, and be a water-binding agent that holds up well, even when skin becomes wet.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in hair care applications such as conditioners since it leaves no oily residue or build-up.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) serves to act as a carrying agent for the detergent and will not degrade the fabric or colors of the linens and clothing like other stronger solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, building & construction work and health services.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used for the manufacture of: and textile, leather or fur.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


And Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in skin care applications such as lotions and creams with a typical use level of 1-25%.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile, cyclic (circular) silicone fluid that has a lightning fast dry-time, making it the ideal carrier for fragrances because it instantly evaporates, leaving nothing behind but your chosen scent.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, pharmaceuticals, textile treatment products and dyes and perfumes and fragrances.
Other release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) will reduce the greasy feel of heavy emollients such as Shea Butter, makes an excellent emollient for "oil free" moisturizers, and offers light conditioning as well as improved dry and wet combout in hair care.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can also be used to adjust the viscosity of products to make them thinner or thicker.


Other release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Application of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone): In creams, lotions, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, stick products, bath oils, shaving products, etc.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is suitable for use in cosmetics to help bring active substances into the skin.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be used to mix hair care products
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is to act as a conditioner on the hair It has a special feature that is not sticky.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) feels silky soft when used on skin or hair.


Release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and coating products.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is easy to use and spread, leaves skin and hair feeling soft and slippery, and leaves no residue after evaporation.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can also reduce surface tension and help disperse pigments well.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile silicone used as a carrier base and solvent.


Other release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, coating products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, sun and shaving products, makeup and nail polishes.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in creams, lotions, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, stick products, bath oils, shaving products, etc.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, laboratory chemicals, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and building & construction work.


Release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.


Release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is classified as a cyclomethicone and is commonly used in cosmetics such as deodorants, sunscreens, hair sprays, and skin care products.


Although it offers minimal benefits to the skin, manufacturers add Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) to a vast range of products to improve their feel, delivery, and function.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is widely used in cosmetics and body care products, it has good compatibility with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.


Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in hair and skincare products to impart conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) evaporates quickly leaving little residue on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
It also means you don’t have to worry about Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).


The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.


According to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel’s assessment (as reported in 2011), Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can safely be used in up to 93% in personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) does not pose a health risk to skin as used in cosmetic products.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used personal care, Hair care and cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be used in concentrations of 1-10% and should be added to the oil phase of a mixture below 50 degrees celsius
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a higher flash point so that you can ship your room sprays or perfumes on an airplane without worry.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is the perfect balance between volatility (quick drying) and spreadability.
We think Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is great for hair treatments, bath oils, creams and lotions, room/linen sprays, and more.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) adds a soft, talc-like feel and is the base for superb dry perfume oils.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an alcohol-free, clear, colorless, odorless, silicone liquid used as a carrying and wetting agent for personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used personal care, Hair care and cosmetics.


When used as a perfume base, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) quickly evaporates leaving a silky film on the skin.
When used as an additive in skincare formulas, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) improves absorption of oils while providing a non-greasy, silky-soft note to the product.


-A person may find Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, such as:
*sunscreen
*antiperspirant
*deodorant
*hair spray
*shampoo
*conditioner
*antifrizz products
*anti-hair-breakage products
*hair-detangling products
*pomade
*makeup
*makeup remover
*night cream


-Emollient uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) serves as a non-comedogenic emollient for skin care formulations.
The hydrating properties of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) are excellent for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but evaporates quickly.


-Color Protection uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can help colored hair last longer, retain its vibrant look, and protect and enhance color and shine.
Rinse-off conditioners containing different types of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can show an increase in color retention for hair that has been colored.


-Heat Protectant uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used protecting hair from excessive heat is a need among many consumers.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used hair dryers and other heated appliances first soften the keratin of the hair.

If the devices are too hot, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can cause water in the hair to boil, forming minute bubbles of steam inside the softened hair shaft, weakening the fiber and potentially leading to total fracture.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is thermally stable and spreads easily on the hair, forming a protective film to help prevent water loss from the hair shaft caused by the heat of dryers or heated styling tools.
Thus help guard against damage from heat styling.


-Carrier and Perfume Deliver uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) serves as a prominent carrier for many skin care and hair care formulations.
While being a carrier Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also helps deliver fragrance and gives skin a smooth, non-cooling feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also acts as a transient carrier for active salts in antiperspirants & deodorants.


-Hair Conditioning uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is recognized as multifunctional ingredients in a variety of hair care products.
With their unique chemical and physical properties, these highly versatile materials not only condition hair but can be used to add shine, making combing easier.

Both are suitable for dry combing results and wet combing.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also enhances hair strength, repairs damaged hair, gives a perception of moisturization, aids curl retention, controls frizz, and adds volume—or even reduces volume.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair-detangling products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) USED FOR?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Silicones are also known to repel water and glide easily.
This is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.

They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
This can help you detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be found in a wide range of personal care products.
Examples include:
*hair spray
*sunscreen
*antiperspirant
*deodorant
*hair conditioner
*shampoo
*hair detangling products
*waterproof mascara
*foundation
*eyeliner
*concealer
*moisturizer with SPF
*eye shadow
*hairstyling gel and lotion
*lipstick

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an ideal carrier for cosmetics without the oily feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) rapidly evaporates leaving the skin feeling smooth and silky.



WHAT DO PEOPLE USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) FOR?
The primary function of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is to work as an emollient.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can also give products a silky feel, which allows them to glide smoothly and deliver any active ingredients to the body evenly.

Manufacturers also use Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) as a solvent to help deliver active ingredients in a product to the skin or hair.
However, unlike other silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is volatile, which means that it quickly evaporates and dries when applied to the skin.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) USED FOR?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a great number of uses and benefits for the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is therefore used in a wide range of products when it comes to the cosmetic and skin/hair care industry.


*Skin care:
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) gives a smooth and silky touch to the skin. Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in a variety of cosmetic products as it creates a barrier between the skin and the environment and thus protects it from the harmful external factors.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) locks the moisture on the skin surface and prevents water loss.
Thus, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is beneficial for dry and flaky skin.
Moreover, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has also been known to improve the appearance of scars.


*Hair care:
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is responsible for improving the texture of the formulations that it is added in.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) gives luster and shine to the shafts while also making them appear healthier and bouncier.



BENEFITS AND USES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) IN SKINCARE?
When applied, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a silky and slippery texture that creates a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in hair products may help prevent breakage, detangle, and reduce frizz.
Here are a few potential benefits of products containing D5:


*Seals hydration.
When used on hair, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) coats the hair shaft and guards against water loss.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) works similarly on the skin by creating a barrier that locks in moisture.


*Evaporates quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is often used in cosmetics and health and beauty products that require faster drying times (think deodorants, sunscreens, and moisturizers).


*Spreads easily.
Like other types of silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in cosmetics applies and spreads easily, leaving a silky smooth texture and a non-greasy finish.


*Has a lightweight feel.
Some silicones are heavy, but Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a lightweight feel.
This characteristic is especially helpful in products like hair sprays and shampoos.



HOW CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) WORKS:
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.
Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.



HOW TO USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Heat oil phase up to 80o
Add Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) to the heated phase.
Cover the vessel to prevent loss of ingredients due to evaporation.
Wait until Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) dissolves and proceed with emulsification.



WHY DO WE USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) IN FORMULATIONS?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) adds wonderful slip to our products and helps reduce tackiness.
Small concentrations of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) add a really gorgeous, expensive-feeling skin feel.
Higher concentrations of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) help “lighten” products, speeding up dry down/absorption speeds.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is commonly used as a diluent in hair oils to create products that don’t leave the hair looking greasy.
A small amount of oil will be diluted in a larger amount of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone); when that is applied to the hair the Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) will readily evaporate, leaving a tiny amount of well-distributed oil behind on the hair.

In cosmetics, you’ll find Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in all kinds of cream cosmetics, where it provides body to the cosmetic and then evaporates readily after application, leaving behind the pigment without any added oil that would compromise wear time.



DO YOU NEED CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE)?
No, but if you love making cosmetics and/or have hair that is not very tolerant of oils, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a wonderful ingredient to have on hand.


REFINED OR UNREFINED?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) only exists as a refined product.


STRENGHTS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a very versatile ingredient that improves the skin feel of anything I’ve ever tried it in.


WEAKNESSES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
The biggest weakness of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) (and other silicones) is all the negative myths about it.
These myths include the idea that silicones suffocate the skin, cause acne, and are bad for sensitive skin.


HOW TO WORK WITH CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Include Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in the oil phase of your products; it should be cold-processed as it will readily evaporate (and possibly burst into flame) when heated (the flashpoint is 77°C [169°F]).


STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has an indefinite shelf life.
Keep Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) away from sparks and heat sources as the flashpoint is 77°C (169°F)


TIPS, TRICKS, AND QUIRKS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
“Silicones… aren’t biodegradable, but they are degradable – they degrade in the environment, and turn back into silica (sand), carbon dioxide and water.”



COMPATIBILITY OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be tricky to formulate with as they are neither completely oil or water loving.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is stated as being miscible with Mineral oil, isododecane, polydecane, almond oil, Jojoba oil, Soybean oil, Sunflower oil, Isopropyl Myristate, C12-15 Alcohol Benzoate and Capric/ Caprylic Triglyceride.



ORIGIN OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is made by the hydrolysis of dichloride.
This process produces a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
This on further distillation produces a polymer mixture of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone).



WHAT DOES CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Moisturising
*Skin protecting
*Smoothing
*Stabilising



PRODUCTION AND POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Commercially Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be removed by distillation.

In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:
[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5

where n is a positive integer.
D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE)?
FACE ILLUSTRATION:
The name “Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)” is crazy hard to say as is its other name “decamethylcyclopentasiloxane,” but the good news is that it’s also referred to as “D5.”

Before we delve into the potential benefits and side effects of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), knowing exactly what it is is helpful.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is actually a type of silicone that’s regularly used in skincare and haircare products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is specifically part of a small silicone group: cyclomethicones.

According to clinical studies and reports, cyclomethicones have been deemed safe for cosmetic ingredient uses as they are not significantly absorbed through the skin.
However, as a silicone, they are not a natural ingredient, so if you only use natural on your face and skin, you may want to double-check the ingredients in your products.

This colorless, odorless compound, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), is mainly used as an emollient to help smooth out beauty product creams and gels.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can also create a protective barrier on your skin once applied, which may help keep your skin safe from toxins, bacteria, germs, pollution, and other yuckiness.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)’s also commonly used in things like sealants, sunscreen, windshield coatings, medical implants, and antiperspirants. That’s a lot of things.



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) IS USED IN A VARIETY OF PRODUCTS:
From a commercial view, most importantly, they have been used in antiperspirant formulations because they:
*Impart a soft-silky feel to the skin
*Provide excellent spreading
*Leave no oily residue or buildup
*De-tackify formulations
*Are non-greasy
*Are compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
*Lower surface tension and
*Provide transient emollience on the skin.



WHAT ARE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE)'S BENEFITS?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) offers minimal benefits to the skin.
Companies primarily add Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) to skincare products to improve their sensory feel and texture.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has other properties that boost the effectiveness of formulations.


*Lightweight carrier
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an effective carrier, or solvent, due to its ability to evaporate quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) helps to evenly coat the skin with active ingredients without leaving a heavy, sticky, or tacky residue after application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) leaves the active ingredients to work from the skin’s surface as they evaporate.


*Forms a protective barrier
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also acts as an emollient that adds a protective barrier to the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) evaporates quickly and does not stay on the skin surface, so it does not leave a sticky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) leaves a protective yet breathable layer on the skin.


*Facilitates a smooth application and delivery
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) helps make formulations feel smooth and silky for a smooth and easy application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) allows products to spread evenly over the skin so that all areas of the skin receive key ingredients from a product.


*Improves the appearance of scars
Many silicone gel preparations use Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) as a carrier to deliver other silicone ingredients to the skin.
An older study found that silicone gel preparations improved the texture, height, and appearance of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is important to note that the researchers conducted this study on a small sample size of 30 people.


*Inexpensive
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is generally less costly than other silicone ingredients.
Therefore, a person may find that products containing Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) are more affordable.



SPECIFICATIONS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
*Clear colorless liquid
*characteristic odor
*insoluble in water / alcohol
*store tightly sealed, protected from heat and moisture
*shelf life of 36 months when properly stored / handled



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
*No Oily Residue
*Improves Efficacy of Antiperspirants
*Dry, Non-Greasy Feel
*Improves Wet Combing
*Greater Flexibility in Formulating Cosmetic Products



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) AT A GLANCE:
*Enhances the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product
*Promotes even distribution other ingredients in a formula
*Quickly evaporates from skin’s surface without leaving a heavy feel
*Popular in a wide range of skin and hair care products
*Also functions as a solvent to dissolve and deliver ingredients to skin



RECOMMENDED FRAGRANCE CONTENT IN PRODUCTS WITH CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
*Fragrances - Recommended use levels 0.5 – 3%.
*Antiperspirants - Recommended use levels 3 – 10%.
*Skin Care Products - Recommended use levels 3 – 10%.
*Hair Conditioners - Recommended use levels 1 – 5%.
*Room and Linen Mists - Recommended use levels 3 – 5%.
*For example, when making room mists use per 100g of cyclopentasiloxane and 3g to 5g of fragrance, the total amount of final product will be 103g to 105g.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Melting point : -44°C
Boiling point: 210 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Density : 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Appearance: Colorless to transparent liquid
Specific gravity at 25°C (77°F) : 0.95
Chroma, Hazen: <10
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s: 3.8-4.2
Refractive index at 25°C (77°F) : 1.397
Flash point (closed cup), ℃: 80
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) content, %: < 0.1
Cyclopentasiloxane(D5) content, %: ≥ 99.0
Soluble: ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol.
Flash point: 76°C
HS Code: 29310095
Log P: 3.59200
MDL: MFCD00046966
PSA: 46.15
Refractive Index: 1.396
Risk Statements: R36/37/38
RTECS: GY5945200
Safety Statements: S23-S24/25

Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Merck : 14,2848
Molecular Weight: 370.77
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Boiling Point: 101 °C
Melting Point: -44ºC
Flash Point: 162 °F
Purity: >99.0%(GC)
Density: 0.958
Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Appearance: Liquid
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Chemical formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass: 370.770 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water: 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C)

log P: 8.07
Vapor pressure: 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C)
Viscosity: 3.74 cP
CAS Database: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -38 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 90 °C at 13 hPa - lit., 210 °C at 1.013 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 73 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 645,15 K
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: < 0,00001 g/l at 23 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 8,023 at 25,3 °C

Vapor pressure: 0,3 hPa at 25 °C, 41 hPa at 110,6 °C
Density: 0,958 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 0,96 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: Colorless to transparent liquid
Specific gravity at 25°C (77°F) : 0.95
Chroma, Hazen: <10
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s: 3.8-4.2
Refractive index at 25°C (77°F) : 1.397
Flash point (closed cup), ℃: 80
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) content, %: < 0.1
Cyclopentasiloxane(D5) content, %: ≥ 99.0
Soluble: ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol.




FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYLOMETHICONE)

Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as cyclomethicone, is a silicone compound commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Its chemical structure consists of a cyclic arrangement of five silicon atoms each bonded to oxygen atoms and other organic groups, forming a siloxane ring.
This makes it a type of cyclomethicone, which refers to cyclic siloxane compounds in general.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9

Synonyms: Cyclomethicone D5, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentamethicone, Decamethylcyclopentamethicone, Cyclopentamethylsiloxane, 2,4,6,8,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Silicone D5, Siloxane D5, Cyclomethicone Pentamer, Cyclic dimethyl siloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone Decamethyl, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylpentasiloxane, Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Siloxanes and Silicones, dodecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Siloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Siloxanes and Silicones, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylpentamethylsiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylsiloxane, Cyclic pentasiloxane, Siloxane D-5, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone, Cyclopentasiloxane D5, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane



APPLICATIONS


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is widely used in facial moisturizers to improve the spreadability of the product.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a common ingredient in hair serums, providing a lightweight and silky feel.
In hair conditioners, cyclopentasiloxane helps detangle strands and adds shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in makeup primers to create a smooth, even base for foundation.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in liquid foundations to enhance their application and finish.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a key component in deodorants and antiperspirants, aiding in the quick drying of the product.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in body lotions to give a non-greasy, silky texture.
In sunscreens, cyclopentasiloxane helps distribute active ingredients evenly across the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in facial masks to improve the mask's application and removal.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is often found in anti-aging serums to enhance their smoothness and spreadability.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in makeup setting sprays to provide a smooth finish without a sticky residue.
In shaving creams, cyclopentasiloxane helps the product glide smoothly over the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a component of many facial cleansers, contributing to a silky feel and easy application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in lip balms and glosses to add a non-sticky, smooth texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is an ingredient in eye creams to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

In hair sprays, cyclopentasiloxane helps create a lightweight hold that isn’t stiff.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in nail care products to improve the smoothness and application of nail polish.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in body oils to enhance their spreadability and absorption.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in makeup removers to help dissolve and lift away makeup without harsh rubbing.
In facial mists, cyclopentasiloxane provides a lightweight, refreshing feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a key ingredient in styling gels to provide a smooth, non-sticky application.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in facial toners to give a silky feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in after-sun care products to soothe and moisturize the skin.

In body scrubs, cyclopentasiloxane helps the product spread easily over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in various pharmaceutical topical treatments for its smooth application and rapid absorption.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in anti-frizz hair treatments to smooth and tame unruly hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a key ingredient in hair mousses, providing volume without a heavy feel.
In hair masks, cyclopentasiloxane helps distribute conditioning ingredients evenly.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in silicone-based makeup removers for its effective cleansing properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in blushes and bronzers to improve the texture and blendability.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a component in eyeliners, ensuring smooth and precise application.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in mascaras to enhance the smooth application and prevent clumping.
In eyeshadows, cyclopentasiloxane improves the spreadability and adhesion of pigments.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in facial exfoliants to provide a smooth application and rinsing experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a common ingredient in makeup fixing sprays to create a lightweight, even layer.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in skin primers to fill in fine lines and pores for a flawless makeup base.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in tinted moisturizers to help blend pigments seamlessly into the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in liquid eyeliners for smooth and continuous application.

In makeup removers, it helps to dissolve long-wearing and waterproof products easily.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is an ingredient in facial oils to enhance their spreadability and absorption.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in cleansing balms to provide a smooth, luxurious texture that melts away makeup.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in body lotions that offer a lightweight, quick-absorbing formula.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in stretch mark creams to improve the texture and spread of the product.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a key component in cellulite creams to ensure smooth application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in anti-itch creams to enhance the spreadability and absorption of active ingredients.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in scar treatment gels to improve the product’s texture and feel.
In self-tanning products, cyclopentasiloxane helps achieve an even application without streaks.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in aftershave lotions to soothe the skin and provide a silky finish.

Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient in medicated ointments to enhance their application and skin feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in foot creams to provide a smooth, non-greasy feel that absorbs quickly into the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is part of a larger group of chemicals known as siloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates at body temperature.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) provides a temporary barrier on the skin, protecting it while allowing moisture to escape.
Despite its synthetic origin, cyclopentasiloxane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics.
There are environmental concerns regarding its persistence and potential bioaccumulation.

Regulatory agencies like the European Commission and FDA monitor its use in consumer products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) helps to reduce the greasy feel of oils in formulations.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is often used to enhance the sensory experience of products, making them feel more luxurious.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is non-comedogenic, meaning it does not clog pores.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) can be found in both leave-on and rinse-off products.
Its ability to evaporate quickly makes it ideal for spray-on formulations.

In sunscreens, cyclopentasiloxane helps to evenly distribute UV filters on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is also used in certain medical devices and pharmaceutical applications for its lubricating properties.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as cyclomethicone, is a silicone compound commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Its chemical structure consists of a cyclic arrangement of five silicon atoms each bonded to oxygen atoms and other organic groups, forming a siloxane ring.
This makes it a type of cyclomethicone, which refers to cyclic siloxane compounds in general.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a type of silicone used primarily in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is known for its silky, smooth feel when applied to the skin or hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly, leaving no residue behind.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is often found in lotions, creams, and serums to enhance spreadability.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) acts as a carrier for other ingredients, helping them distribute evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is commonly used in hair care products to provide a lightweight feel.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) helps detangle hair and adds a natural shine without weighing it down.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is also a popular ingredient in deodorants and antiperspirants.

In makeup, cyclopentasiloxane improves the application and finish of products like foundations and primers.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) has a low surface tension, which contributes to its ability to spread easily.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often listed on ingredient labels as D5 Cyclomethicone.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties

Molecular Weight: 370.77 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Odorless or very slight odor
Density: Approximately 0.95 g/cm³ at 25°C
Boiling Point: 210-211°C (410-411.8°F)
Melting Point: -42°C (-43.6°F)
Flash Point: 77°C (170.6°F) (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: 0.067 kPa at 25°C
Refractive Index: 1.397 at 25°C
Viscosity: Approximately 4.0 cSt (centistokes) at 25°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and aromatic hydrocarbons
Surface Tension: 19.7 mN/m at 25°C
Partition Coefficient (log P): 5.2


Chemical Properties

CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9
Stability: Chemically stable under normal conditions; may degrade under extreme heat or strong acids/bases
Reactivity: Low reactivity; non-reactive with water and most chemicals under standard conditions
Hydrolysis: Resistant to hydrolysis due to the strength of the Si-O bond
Thermal Decomposition: Decomposes at high temperatures to form silicon dioxide and other silicon compounds
Oxidation: Can be oxidized to form silanols and siloxane polymers
Flammability: Combustible liquid
Environmental Persistence: Considered to be persistent in the environment; low biodegradability
Bioaccumulation: Potential to bioaccumulate due to its high partition coefficient



FIRST AID


General Advice

Avoid further exposure:
If symptoms persist or there is any doubt, seek medical attention immediately.
Show the safety data sheet (SDS) or label to medical personnel.


Inhalation
Move to fresh air:
If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Ensure they are in a position that allows them to breathe comfortably.

Monitor breathing:
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if available and trained to do so.

Seek medical attention:
If symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or respiratory irritation persist, seek medical advice.


Skin Contact

Remove contaminated clothing:
Remove any contaminated clothing and shoes promptly.

Wash skin thoroughly:
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Monitor for irritation:
Observe for signs of irritation or allergic reaction.
If irritation or redness develops and persists, seek medical advice.

Launder clothing:
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.


Eye Contact

Rinse immediately:
Rinse eyes cautiously with lukewarm, gently flowing water or an eye wash solution for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove contact lenses:
If present and easy to do, remove contact lenses and continue rinsing.

Seek medical attention:
If eye irritation persists, seek immediate medical advice.


Ingestion

Do not induce vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse mouth:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Seek medical attention:
Get medical attention immediately.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Wear appropriate PPE:
Use gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.
If ventilation is inadequate, use a respirator approved for organic vapors.

Work Area:
Well-ventilated area:
Handle Cyclopentasiloxane in a well-ventilated area to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.


Hygiene Measures:

Avoid ingestion and inhalation:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this product. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, or spray.

Wash thoroughly:
Wash hands, face, and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling.

Prevent Contamination:
Keep away from incompatible materials: Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases.

Avoid static discharge:
Use grounding and bonding procedures when transferring material to prevent the buildup of static electricity.


Handling Spills:

Contain and clean up spills:
Use non-sparking tools and equipment.
Absorb spilled material with inert material (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place in a chemical waste container.


Safe Handling Instructions

Container Handling:

Seal containers properly:
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.

Label containers:
Ensure all containers are labeled clearly and correctly.


Transfer Procedures:

Use appropriate equipment:
Use pumps, hoses, and containers designed for handling flammable and volatile liquids.

Avoid spills:
Use spill containment methods, such as drip pans, during transfer operations.


Storage

Conditions for Safe Storage

Storage Area:
Store in a cool, dry place: Store Cyclopentasiloxane in a well-ventilated, dry area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ignition sources.

Temperature control:
Maintain storage temperatures between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).


Incompatible Materials:

Segregate storage:
Store away from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases to prevent hazardous reactions.

Container Requirements:

Use appropriate containers:
Store in original or approved containers made of compatible materials, such as stainless steel, polyethylene, or other materials resistant to silicones.

Secondary containment:
Use secondary containment measures, such as spill trays or bunding, to capture any leaks or spills.

Fire Protection:
Flammable materials storage:
Store away from flammable materials and sources of ignition. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment if applicable.

Fire suppression systems:
Ensure that appropriate fire suppression systems, such as sprinklers or fire extinguishers, are available and easily accessible.

Labeling and Signage:

Clearly label storage areas:
Mark storage areas with appropriate hazard signs and labels indicating the presence of Cyclopentasiloxane.

Emergency information:
Display emergency contact numbers and safety data sheets (SDS) in storage areas.


Specific Storage Instructions

Inspect Containers Regularly:

Check for leaks and damage:
Regularly inspect containers for signs of leaks, corrosion, or damage.

Replace damaged containers:
Promptly replace any containers that show signs of deterioration.


Handling Empty Containers:

Residual material:
Handle empty containers with care as they may contain residues of Cyclopentasiloxane, which can pose hazards.

Proper disposal:
Dispose of empty containers in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations. Ensure they are thoroughly cleaned if being reused or recycled.

Emergency Preparedness:

Emergency response plan:
Develop and maintain an emergency response plan for handling spills, leaks, and accidental releases.

Training:
Ensure all personnel involved in the handling and storage of Cyclopentasiloxane are trained in emergency response procedures and the use of PPE.