2-Ethylcaproic acid; alpha-Ethylcaproic acid; Ethylhexanoic acid; Butyl(ethyl)acetic acid; 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid; 2-BUTYLBUTANOIC ACID; 2-ETHYLCAPROIC ACID; 2-ETHYLCAPRONIC ACID; (+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID; 2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID; 2-ETHYLHEXOIC ACID; 3-HEPTANECARBOXYLIC ACID; A-ETHYLCAPROIC ACID; ALPHA-ETHYLCAPROIC ACID; BUTYLETHYLACETIC ACID; CARBOXYLIC ACID C8; ETHYLBUTYLACETIC ACID; OCTANOIC ACID; RARECHEM AL BE 0136; (RS)-2-Ethylhexansαure; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoicacid; 2-ethylhexanoic; 2-ethylhexanoicacid(eha); 2-ethyl-hexansyra CAS NO: 149-57-5

1-Naphthol is used as a precursor in the manufacturing of various azo dyes and pharmaceuticals, including nadolol and the antidepressant sertraline.
1-Naphthol is employed in analytical chemistry as Molisch's reagent for detecting carbohydrates and in the Sakaguchi test for identifying arginine in proteins.
1-Naphthol undergoes various chemical reactions, including hydrogenation to form cis,cis-1-decalol and azo coupling to produce dyes, demonstrating its versatility in organic synthesis.

CAS Number: 90-15-3
EC Number: 201-969-4
Chemical Formula: C10H8O
Molar Mass: 144.17 g/mol

Synonyms: 1-NAPHTHOL, 90-15-3, naphthalen-1-ol, alpha-naphthol, 1-Naphthalenol, 1-Hydroxynaphthalene, NAPHTHOL, Furro ER, Fouramine ERN, Fourrine ERN, Tertral ERN, Basf Ursol ERN, Ursol ERN, Fourrine 99, Nako TRB, Zoba ERN, Durafur developer D, Naphthalenol, alpha-Hydroxynaphthalene, C.I. Oxidation Base 33, .alpha.-Naphthol, 1321-67-1, 1-Naphthyl alcohol, NSC 9586, C.I. 76605, CCRIS 1172, HSDB 2650, .alpha.-Hydroxynaphthalene, 1-napthol, EINECS 201-969-4, CI 76605, CHEBI:10319, AI3-00106, MFCD00003930, WLN: L66J BQ, CHEMBL122617, SGCUT00118, DTXSID6021793, NSC9586, 2A71EAQ389, NSC-9586, to_000072, C11714, AB-131/40232333, DTXCID401793, CI Oxidation Base 33, hydroxynaphthalene, Naphthol-1, Naphthyl-1-ol, CAS-90-15-3, Naphthol, 1-, alpha-Naphthyl alcohol, napthalenol, alpha-napthol, napthyl alcohol, UNII-2A71EAQ389, 1-Naphtyol, naphthalene-1-ol, Naphthol 1, 1-Naphtol, 8 -naphthol, hydroxy naphthalene, (+)-naphthol, 1NP, nchembio791-comp4, 1-Naphthol, Reagent, 1-Naphthol, Purified, Naphth-1-ol, 9, LS-95401, 1-NAPHTOL-, 1-NAPHTHOL [MI], SCHEMBL3416, 1-NAPHTHOL [HSDB], alpha-Naphthol, 1-Naphthol, DULOXETINE IMPURITY D, 33420_RIEDEL, 35825_RIEDEL, N1000_SIAL, N2780_SIAL, 1-Naphthol, Pure PA, 99%, 1-Naphthol, LR, >=99%, 70438_FLUKA, 70442_FLUKA, BDBM23450, 1-Naphthol, BioXtra, >=99%, 4b33, 1-Naphthol, p.a., 99.0%, HY-Y1309, Tox21_202120, Tox21_302768, 1-Naphthol, >=98.0% (GC), BBL011611, STL163337, ZINC00967929, AKOS000118822, CS-W020125, GS-6917, 1-Naphthol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, Duloxetine EP Impurity D (1-Naphthol), NCGC00249169-01, NCGC00256563-01, NCGC00259669-01, 1ST000684, DB-259778, ST5214429, 1-Naphthol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, 1-Naphthol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, DULOXETINE IMPURITY D [USP IMPURITY], N0026, N0864, NS00005331, EN300-19501, 1-Naphthol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, A843458, Q408876, J-610055, 1-Naphthol, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), 1-Naphthol, puriss., for fluorescence, >=99.0% (GC), DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY], F1908-0108, Z104474036, 1-Naphthol, puriss. p.a., Reag. Ph. Eur., >=99% (GC), InChI=1/C10H8O/c11-10-7-3-5-8-4-1-2-6-9(8)10/h1-7,11, 50356-21-3

1-Naphthol is a organic compound with the formula C10H7OH.
1-Naphthol is a fluorescent white solid.

1-Naphthol differs from its isomer 2-naphthol by the location of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring.
The naphthols are naphthalene homologues of phenol.

Both isomers are soluble in simple organic solvents.
They are precursors to a variety of useful compounds.

1-Naphthol is a hydroxyl-aromatic compound.
1-Naphthol's thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity, sublimation pressure, vapor pressure, enthalpies of combustion, formation and fusion have been estimated.
The decomposition of 1-naphthol in aqueous solutions on exposure to gamma radiation has been studied.

The ability of biochar of orange peels in adsorbing 1-naphthol from water has been investigated.
The activation energy and the reaction rate constant of the enzymatic polymerization of 1-naphthol using laccase have been reported.

1-Naphthol undergoes hydrogenation in the presence of a rhodium catalyst to form cis,cis 1-decalol.
1-Naphthol is a certified reference material (CRM) certified to International Standards BS EN ISO / IEC 17025 and ISO 17034 under UKAS accreditation.

1-Hydroxynaphthalene (1-naphthol) is a naphthalene homologue of phenol.
1-Naphthol's most common use is as a precursor to various pesticides and pharmaceuticals.

1-Naphthol is used as a precursor in the manufacturing of various azo dyes and pharmaceuticals such as nadolol.
1-Naphthol is used as biomarkers.

1-Naphthol is used in analytical chemistry as Molisch’s reagent (1-naphthol dissolved in ethanol) for checking the presence of carbohydrates.
1-Naphthol plays an essential role with sodium hypobromite to detect the presence of arginine in proteins, which is called as Sakaguchi test.

1-Naphthol is a hydroxyl-aromatic compound.
1-Naphthol's thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity, sublimation pressure, vapor pressure, enthalpies of combustion, formation and fusion have been estimated.

The decomposition of 1-naphthol in aqueous solutions on exposure to gamma radiation has been studied.
The ability of biochar of orange peels in adsorbing 1-naphthol from water has been investigated.

The activation energy and the reaction rate constant of the enzymatic polymerization of 1-naphthol using laccase have been reported.
1-Naphthol undergoes hydrogenation in the presence of a rhodium catalyst to form cis,cis 1-decalol.

1-Naphthol, also referred to as 1-hydroxy-naphthalene, is an organic compound obtained from the aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene.
1-Naphthol exists as a white crystalline solid with a subtle odor and displays high solubility in organic solvents.

Scientific research extensively employs 1-naphthol across multiple applications.
1-Naphthol serves as a reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds, encompassing polymers, and dyes.

Additionally, 1-Naphthol acts as a catalyst in the polymerization process of vinyl monomers.
Notably, 1-naphthol plays a vital role as a reactant in the synthesis of 1-naphthylacetic acid and its derivatives.

1-Naphthol is a hydroxyl-aromatic compound.
1-naphthol is a naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position.

1-Naphthol's thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity, sublimation pressure, vapor pressure, enthalpies of combustion, formation and fusion have been estimated.
The decomposition of 1-naphthol in aqueous solutions on exposure to gamma radiation has been studied.

1-Naphthol is a organic compound with the formula C10H7OH.
1-Naphthol is a fluorescent white solid.

1-Naphthol differs from its isomer 2-naphthol by the location of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring.
The naphthols are naphthalene homologues of phenol.

Both isomers are soluble in simple organic solvents.
They are precursors to a variety of useful compounds.

Derivative of 1-Naphthol; used in the synthesis of various chemicals and as a precursor in the production of dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals.
1-Naphthol is particularly important in the manufacture of azo dyes, where it serves as a coupling agent in the diazo coupling reaction to produce colored compounds.

Uses of 1-Naphthol:
1-Naphthol is used to make dyes, intermediates, synthetic perfumes, agrochemicals, drugs, and rubber antioxidants.
1-Naphthol is used in organic synthesis.
1-Naphthol is used in photography; in the hide tanning process; in pyrotechnics for black smoke.

1-Naphthol is used as the sulfate monohydrate salt in oxidation hair dyes to a maximum concentration of 2.0%.
The in-use concentration upon application is 1.0%.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate

Therapeutic Uses:
1-Naphthol was selectively toxic to human colorectal tumors compared to corresponding normal colonic tissue removed at surgery and maintained in short-term organ culture.
Nineteen of 24 tumors studied have shown a significant differential response.

Three human colonic adenocarcinoma xenografts, in the short-term organ culture system, displayed the same response to 1-naphthol as primary tumors removed at surgery.
1-Naphthol, 1,2- and 1,4-naphthoquinone were also toxic to two human colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines, LoVo and COLO 206.

The selective toxicity of 1-naphthol is mediated in part through an accumulation of 1-naphthol in the tumor tissue due to impaired conjugation by the tumor.
The higher concentrations of 1-naphthol may then exert their toxicity either directly or by formation of naphthoquinones.

Some indirect evidence was obtained for the possible involvement of 1,2- or 1,4-naphthoquinone in the cytotoxicity of 1-naphthol.
Our studies suggest that further studies are warranted of the possible use of 1-naphthol or related compounds as antitumor agents.

Other uses:
1-Naphthol is used in each of the following chemical tests, which predate the use of spectroscopic and chromatographic methods:
Molisch's test gives a red- or purple-colored compound to indicate the presence of carbohydrate.
Rapid furfural test turns purple quickly (<30s) if fructose is present, distinguishing 1-Naphthol from glucose.

Sakaguchi test turns red to indicate the presence of arginine in proteins.
Voges–Proskauer test changes color from yellow to red to indicate that glucose is being broken down into acetoin which is used by bacteria for external energy storage.

Applications of 1-Naphthol:
1-Naphthol has been used as a prooxidant to analyze its ability to induce hemolysis in a zebrafish G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) deficiency model.

1-Naphthol is used as a precursor in the manufacturing of various azo dyes and pharmaceuticals such as nadolol.
1-Naphthol is used as biomarkers.

1-Naphthol is used in analytical chemistry as Molisch’s reagent (1-naphthol dissolved in ethanol) for checking the presence of carbohydrates.
1-Naphthol plays an essential role with sodium hypobromite to detect the presence of arginine in proteins, which is called as Sakaguchi test.

1-Naphthol has been used as a prooxidant to analyze its ability to induce hemolysis in a zebrafish G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) deficiency model.

Applications and occurrence:
1-Naphthol is a precursor to a variety of insecticides including carbaryl and pharmaceuticals including nadolol as well as for the antidepressant sertraline and the anti-protozoan therapeutic atovaquone.
1-Naphthol undergoes azo coupling to give various azo dyes, but these are generally less useful than those derived from 2-naphthol.

1-Naphthol is a metabolite of the insecticide carbaryl and naphthalene.
Along with TCPy, 1-Naphthol has been shown to decrease testosterone levels in adult men.

Action Mechanism of 1-Naphthol:
The mechanism(s) of toxicity of 1-naphthol and two of 1-Naphthol's possible metabolites, 1,2- and 1,4-naphthoquinone, to freshly isolated rat hepatocytes has been studied.
1-Naphthol and both naphthoquinones exhibited a dose-dependent toxicity to hepatocytes.

1-Naphthol was metabolised by hepatocytes predominantly to its glucuronic acid and sulphate ester conjugates, but small amounts of covalently bound products were also formed. Blebbing on the surface of the hepatocytes was observed following exposure to 1-naphthol and the naphthoquinones, together with a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH), which preceded the onset of cytotoxicity.

The toxicity of 1-naphthol and the naphthoquinones was potentiated by dicoumarol, an inhibitor of DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase).
This enhanced toxicity was accompanied by a greater amount of surface blebbing, an increased depletion of intracellular GSH, particularly in the case of 1-naphthol and 1,4-naphthoquinone, and a decreased metabolism of 1-naphthol to its conjugates with variable effects on the amount of covalently bound products formed.

These results support the suggestion that the toxicity of 1-naphthol may be mediated by the formation of 1,2-naphthoquinone and/or 1,4-naphthoquinone, which may then be metabolised by one electron reduction to naphthosemiquinone radicals.
These, in turn, may covalently bind to important cellular macromolecules or enter a redox cycle with molecular oxygen thereby generating active oxygen species.
Both of these processes appear to play a role in producing the cytotoxic effects of 1-naphthol.

Production of 1-Naphthol:
1-Naphthol is prepared by two main routes.

In one method, naphthalene is nitrated to give 1-nitronaphthalene, which is hydrogenated to the amine followed by hydrolysis:
C10H8 + HNO3 → C10H7NO2 + H2O
C10H7NO2 + 3H2 → C10H7NH2 + 2H2O
C10H7NH2 + H2O → C10H7OH + NH3

Alternatively, naphthalene is hydrogenated to tetralin, which is oxidized to 1-tetralone, which undergoes dehydrogenation.

General Manufacturing Information of 1-Naphthol:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Reactions of 1-Naphthol:
Some reactions of 1-naphthol are explicable with reference to its tautomerism, which produces a small amount of the keto tautomer.
One consequence of this tautomerism is the Bucherer reaction, the ammonolysis of 1-naphthol to give 1-aminonaphthalene.

1-Naphthol biodegrades via formation of 1-naphthol-3,4-oxide, which converts to 1,4-naphthoquinone.

The 4-position of 1-naphthol is susceptible to electrophilic attack.
This regioselective reaction is exploited in the preparation of diazo dyes, which are form using diazonium salts.
Reduction of the diazo derivatives gives 4-amino-1-naphthol.

Partial reduction of 1-naphthol gives the tetrahydro derivative, leaving intact the phenol ring.
Full hydrogenation is catalyzed by rhodium.

Handling and Storage of 1-Naphthol:

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat.
Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes.

Ventilation:
Use in a well-ventilated area or fume hood to avoid inhalation of dust or vapors.

Avoidance of Inhalation and Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling.
Ensure that handling occurs in a designated area away from food and drink.

Storage:

Containers:
Store in tightly closed containers.

Conditions:
Keep in a cool, dry place, away from heat and direct sunlight.

Compatibility:
Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and acids.

Stability and Reactivity of 1-Naphthol:

Stability:

1-Naphthol is generally stable under recommended storage conditions.
Reactivity:

Chemical Incompatibilities:
Reacts with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Decomposition Products:
Decomposition may produce irritating or toxic fumes, such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

First Aid Measures of 1-Naphthol:

Inhalation:
Move the person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash affected area with plenty of water and soap.
Remove contaminated clothing.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
Rinse eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.

If the person is conscious and alert, give small sips of water.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Firefighting Measures of 1-Naphthol:

Firefighting:

Extinguishing Media:
Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide (CO2).
Water spray can be used to cool containers.

Firefighting Procedures:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.
Avoid inhaling fumes.

Fire and Explosion Hazards:
May produce toxic fumes during combustion.
Keep containers cool to prevent pressure build-up and explosions.

Accidental Release Measures of 1-Naphthol:

Personal Precautions:

Wear appropriate PPE including gloves and a respirator if needed.
Avoid generating dust.

Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the chemical from entering sewers or water sources.

Cleanup Methods:
Use suitable absorbent materials to contain and clean up spills.
Dispose of the waste according to local regulations.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of 1-Naphthol:

Exposure Limits:
Check local regulations for specific exposure limits.
Generally, minimize exposure by following standard industrial hygiene practices.

Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation or fume hoods.

Personal Protective Equipment:

Respiratory Protection:
Use a dust mask or respirator if necessary.

Hand Protection:
Wear gloves that are resistant to the chemical.

Eye Protection:
Use safety goggles or face shields.

Skin Protection:
Wear protective clothing as needed.

Identifiers of 1-Naphthol:
CAS Number: 90-15-3
Beilstein Reference: 1817321
ChEBI: CHEBI:10319
ChEMBL: ChEMBL122617
ChemSpider: 6739
ECHA InfoCard: 100.001.791
EC Number: 201-969-4
Gmelin Reference: 69192
KEGG: C11714
PubChem CID: 7005
UNII: 2A71EAQ389
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID6021793
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H8O/c11-10-7-3-5-8-4-1-2-6-9(8)10/h1-7,11H
Key: KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C10H8O/c11-10-7-3-5-8-4-1-2-6-9(8)10/h1-7,11H
Key: KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYAZ
SMILES: Oc2cccc1ccccc12

Linear Formula: C10H7OH
CAS Number: 90-15-3
Molecular Weight: 144.17

CAS number: 90-15-3
EC index number: 604-029-00-5
EC number: 201-969-4
Hill Formula: C₁₀H₈O
Chemical formula: C₁₀H₇OH
Molar Mass: 144.17 g/mol
HS Code: 2907 15 10

Properties of 1-Naphthol:
Chemical formula: C10H8O
Molar mass: 144.17 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless or white solid
Density: 1.10 g/cm3
Melting point: 95 to 96 °C (203 to 205 °F; 368 to 369 K)
Boiling point: 278 to 280 °C (532 to 536 °F; 551 to 553 K)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -98.2·10−6 cm3/mol

Molecular Weight: 144.17 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 144.057514874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.057514874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 133
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Boiling point: 288 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.28 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 125 °C
Ignition temperature: 510 °C
Melting Point: 95 - 96 °C
Vapor pressure: 2.3 hPa (100 °C)
Bulk density: 450 kg/m3
Solubility: 0.1 g/l

vapor density: 4.5 (120 °C, vs air)
Quality Level: 200
vapor pressure: 1 mmHg ( 94 °C)
product line: ReagentPlus®
Assay: ≥99%
autoignition temp.: 1007 °F
expl. lim.: 5 %
color: white to off-white
bp: 278-280 °C (lit.)
mp: 94-96 °C (lit.)
fluorescence: λex 300 nm; λem 472 nm (Borax buffer)
SMILES string: Oc1cccc2ccccc12
InChI: 1S/C10H8O/c11-10-7-3-5-8-4-1-2-6-9(8)10/h1-7,11H
InChI key: KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Specifications of 1-Naphthol:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 94 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 96 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Names of 1-Naphthol:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Naphthalen-1-ol

Other names:
1-Hydroxynaphthalene
1-Naphthalenol
α-Naphthol

1,3-Butylene glycol; 1,3-Butanediol; Butane-1,3-diol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane CAS NO: 107-88-0

1-Nonanol/ˈnoʊnənɒl/ is a straight chain fatty alcohol with nine carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)8OH. It is a colorless oily liquid with a citrus odor similar to citronella oil.Nonanol occurs naturally in orange oil. The primary use of nonanol is in the manufacture of artificial lemon oil. Various esters of nonanol, such as nonyl acetate, are used in perfumery and flavors.1-Nonanol shares similar toxicological properties to those of other primary alcohols. It is poorly absorbed through the skin and is severely irritating to the eyes. Vapors can be damaging to the lungs, causing pulmonary edema in severe cases. Oral exposure results in symptoms similar to those of ethanol intoxication, and like ethanol consumption, can cause liver damage.Nonanol appears as colorless liquid with a rose or fruity odor. Floats on water. Freezing point 23°F. Nonan-1-ol is a fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of nine carbon atoms. It has been isolated as a component of volatile oils from plants like Hordeum vulgare. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. It derives from a hydride of a nonane.Colorless to yellowish liquid.Floral odor.Miscible with alcohol, ether.Soluble in ethanol, ether; very soluble in carbon tetrachloride.In water, 140 mg/L at 25 °C.When heated to decomposition it emits acid smoke and irritating fumes.Skin absorption is low; the dermal flux of 1-nonanol in human skin (epidermis) in vitro is 0.003 mg/sq cm/hr.Nonanol, like other primary alcohols, undergoes two general reactions in vivo. The first is oxidation to the carboxylic acid derivative and next the direct conjugation with glucuronic acid. It was reported that nonanol undergoes direct glucuronic conjugation to the extent of 4.1%. This oxidation proceeds with very little inhibition as opposed to that shown by methyl amyl alcohol and 2-ethyl butyl alcohol which form ester glucuronides.Intermediate-chain alcohols (pentanol to octanol) caused channel currents to fluctuate between the fully open and closed state level so that openings occurred in bursts interrupted by brief gaps ... The number of gaps within a burst was dependent on alcohol concentration whereas gap duration was independent of concentration but increased with increasing chain length of the alcohol up to octanol. Nonanol and decanol reduced the mean duration of bursts of openings but did not cause an increase in the number of short closed intervals within a burst. Beyond decanol there was a decline in the ability of the n-alcohols to affect channel function. A saturated solution of undecanol (0.07 mM) reduced the mean open time by 33 + or - 17%, whereas a saturated solution of dodecanol had no significant effect. The current integral per burst was reduced by all the n-alcohols between pentanol and undecanol. The IC50s were as follows: hexanol, 0.53 + or - 0.14 mM; heptanol, 0.097 + or - 0.02 mM; octanol, 0.04 mM and nonanol, 0.16 + or - 0.035 mM ... Blocking rate constants (k+B) for pentanol through to nonanol were calculated to be between 2.8 and 5.7 X 10(6) /M/sec ... Equilibrium dissociation constants (KD), calculated from the blocking and unblocking rate constants (KD = k-B/k+B), decreased with increasing chain length from 8 mM for pentanol to 0.15 mM for octanol. The standard free energy per methylene group for adsorption to the site of action was calculated to be about -3.3 kJ/mol.By sodium or high-pressure catalytic reduction of esters of pelargonic acid; hydroformylation of C8 linear alpha-olefins or internal olefins (occurs in a mixt); natural constituent of rose, grapefruit & orange oils.Oxo synthesis from dimeric 1-butene and 2-butene (mixture known as raffinate II) or from dimeric isobutene.Commercial products from the family of 6 to 11 carbon alcohols that make up the plasticizer range are available both as ... pure single carbon chain materials and as complex isomeric mixtures. Commercial descriptions of plasticizer range alcohols are ... in general a ... pure material is called "-anol" /eg, 1-nonanol/, and the mixtures are called "-yl alcohol /eg, nonyl alcohol/ or "iso...yl alcohol" /eg, isononyl alcohol/.Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state.Based on the eye irritation scores that were reported, 1-nonanol would be considered an eye irritant using the EU criteria.Flush eyes and skin with water for at least 15 min.Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water may be ineffective Fire Extinguishing Agents: Alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.Nonyl alcohol degraded fast in aerobic biodegradation screening tests(1-3). In one 5-day BOD test using acclimated mixed cultures, 47.9% of theoretical BOD was consumed(1). In the other test which used an activated sludge inoculum, nonyl alcohol's half-life was 1.2 days(SRC), calculated from a biodegradation rate of 2.36X10-2/hr(3). In a third test, 62% of its theoretical BOD in a grab sample of freshwater incubated at 18-19 °C was expended in 4 days(2). The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.NONANOL is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.Nonyl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.Maximum permeation of MT was observed when fatty alcohol carbon chain length was 10. As the level of unsaturation increased from one to two double bonds, there was an increase in the permeation of MT both in porcine and human skin. However, a decrease in the permeation was observed with three double bonds. Regression analysis using the steady state flux data showed a significant positive correlation between porcine and human skin for saturated fatty alcohols (r(2)=0.8868, P=0.0005).Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal.Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/In flow through acute toxicity testing using Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) exposed to concentrations of 0, 0.56, 1.0, 2.3, 4.7, and 8.2 mg/L 1-nonanol for 96 hr,/ affected fish first became sluggish in movement and stopped schooling. Some fish swam at water surface and equilibrium was lost prior to death.1-Nonanol's production and use in perfumery and as a flavoring ingredient may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 1-nonanol is also a plant volatile and has been identified in several foods. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.27X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-nonanol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-nonanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 28 hours. If released to soil, 1-nonanol is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 290. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Nonanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 1-Nonanol has been shown to biodegrade in mixed culture and sludge screening tests. If released into water, 1-nonanol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Biodegradation of 1-nonanol has been shown to occur in freshwater grab samples. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.6 days and 15 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 160 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1-nonanol may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-nonanol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-nonanol via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products in which 1-nonanol is used as a fragrance. 1-Nonanol is a plant volatile(1) occurring, for example in oil of orange(2), kiwi fruit flowers(3), nectarines(4) and earth almonds.Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 290(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 140 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-nonanol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-nonanol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.27X10-2 mm Hg(4) and water solubility(2). 1-Nonanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). 1-Nonanol has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in aerobic screening tests(5-7) and therefore may readily biodegrade in soil.Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 290(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 140 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-nonanol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.27X10-2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.6 days and 15 days, respectively(SRC). 1-Nonanol has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in aerobic screening tests(5-7) and therefore may biodegrade in natural water(SRC). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 160(SRC), from a log Kow of 3.77(9) and a regression-derived equation(10), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).1-Nonanol degraded fast in aerobic biodegradation screening tests(1-3). In one 5-day BOD test using acclimated mixed cultures, 47.9% of theoretical BOD was consumed(1). In the other test which used an activated sludge inoculum, 1-nonanol's half-life was 1.2 days(SRC), calculated from a biodegradation rate of 2.36X10-2/hr(2). In a third test, 62% of its theoretical BOD in a grab sample of freshwater incubated at 18-19 °C was expended in 4 days(3).The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-nonanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 28 hr at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Nonanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).An estimated BCF of 160 was calculated for 1-nonanol(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.77(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).The Henry's Law constant for 1-nonanol estimated as 3.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mol(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.27X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 140 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-nonanol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.6 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 15 days(SRC). 1-Nonanol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1-Nonanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).1-Nonanol has been identified in a variety of foods including nectarines(1), oil of orange(7), cassava(2), duck(3), peanut oil(4), earth almonds (Cyperus esculentus L.)(5), and a French mountain cheese(6). Unspecified nonyl alcohol isomers have been identified in pork and beef(7,8).1-Nonanol has been identified in kiwi fruit flowers(1), nectarines(2) and earth almonds. Cleaning_washing Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; mod Cleaning_washing, flooring Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors Consumer_use Term applied when the only information the source indicates is 'consumer' or 'consumer product' ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f Food_additive Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption Food_additive, flavor General flavoring agents used in foods, including condiments and seasonings Food_contact Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food Fragrance Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products; usage indicated when known; more specific modifiers included when known Fragrance, consumer_use Term applied when the only information the source indicates is 'consumer' or 'consumer product' ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f Industrial, cleaning_washing Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; mod Industrial_manufacturing Inert Pesticide, inert_ingredient Inert ingredients in a pesticide Solvent Paint removers, graffiti removers, or general solvents Toys Toys (e.g. dress-up clothes, dolls, playground equipment, bath toys, etc); pet toys; includes additional modifiers when appropriate Toys, detected Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an 'ingredient list' for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies) Industry Uses: Plasticizers Surface active agents Consumer Uses: Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere Laundry and dishwashing products Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere 1-Nonanol Synonym: Alcohol C9, Nonyl alcohol CAS Number 143-08-8 Linear Formula CH3(CH2)8OH Molecular Weight 144.25 Beilstein/REAXYS Number 969213 EC Number 205-583-7 MDL number MFCD00002990 1-Nonanol inhibited the bacterial luciferase (BL) reaction in a dose-dependent manner.1-Nonanol can be used: • As a reference material in the determination of airborne fungal spore levels using GC-MS method. • To prepare polysulfone capsules as ideal adsorbents used in the removal of phenol from an aqueous solution. • As a solvent in the study of swelling properties of hummers graphene oxide membranes. vapor density 5 (vs air) vapor pressure 13 mmHg ( 104 °C) assay 98% refractive index n20/D 1.433 (lit.) bp 215 °C (lit.) mp −8-−6 °C (lit.) density 0.827 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) storage temp. room temp SMILES string CCCCCCCCCO InChI 1S/C9H20O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10/h10H,2-9H2,1H3 InChI key ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Nonanol Formula: C9H20O Molecular weight: 144.2545 IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C9H20O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10/h10H,2-9H2,1H3 Download the identifier in a file. INChI Trust 2011 Certified Logo IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS Registry Number: 143-08-8 Chemical structure: C9H20O This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. Species with the same structure: Nonanol Other names: Nonyl alcohol; n-Nonyl alcohol; Octyl carbinol; Pelargonic alcohol; Alcohol C-9; Nonan-1-ol; Nonanol-(1); n-Nonan-1-ol; n-Nonanol; 1-Hydroxynonane; Nonanol; NSC 5521 Information on this page: Notes Other data available: Gas phase thermochemistry data Condensed phase thermochemistry data Phase change data Reaction thermochemistry data Henry's Law data Gas phase ion energetics data IR Spectrum Mass spectrum (electron ionization) Gas Chromatography Options: Switch to calorie-based units 1-Nonanol is found in citrus. 1-Nonanol is widespread in nature. 1-Nonanol occurs in oils of orange, citronella and lemon. Also found in cheese, prickly pears and bread. 1-Nonanol is a flavouring agent.1-Nonanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with nine carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)8OH. It is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a citrus odor similar to citronella oil.1-Nonanol, also known as N-nonyl alcohol or 1-hydroxynonane, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols. These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. Thus, 1-nonanol is considered to be a fatty alcohol lipid molecule. 1-Nonanol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Molecular Weight 144.25 g/mol XLogP3 4.3 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1 Rotatable Bond Count 7 Exact Mass 144.151415 g/mol Monoisotopic Mass 144.151415 g/mol Topological Polar Surface Area 20.2 Ų Heavy Atom Count 10 Formal Charge 0 Complexity 52.7 Isotope Atom Count 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 Compound Is Canonicalized Yes

1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties.Octanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a penetrating aromatic odor. Insoluble in water and floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. Vapors may irritate the eyes, nose, and respiratory system.Octan-1-ol is an octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an octanol and a primary alcohol.Octanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a penetrating aromatic odor. Insoluble in water and floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. Vapors may irritate the eyes, nose, and respiratory system.Colorless liquid.Fresh orange rose odor.OILY, SWEET, SLIGHTLY HERBACEOUS TASTE.EXPL THER 1-Octanol (an 8-C alcohol currently used as a food-flavoring agent) is known to inhibit tremor in essential tremor (ET) animal models at a much lower dose than ethyl alcohol. The /study/ conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg of 1-octanol in 12 patients with ET. No significant side effects or signs of intoxication were observed. 1-Octanol significantly decreased tremor amplitude for up to 90 minutes. The results suggest 1-octanol as a well-tolerated and safe potential treatment for ET.The primary aliphatic alcohols undergo two general reactions in vivo, namely oxidation to carboxylic acids and direct conjugation with glucuronic acid. The first reaction proceeds with the intermediate formation of an aldehyde, and the carboxylic acid from the aldehyde may be either oxidized completely to carbon dioxide or excreted as such or combined with glucuronic acid as an ester glucuronide. The extent to which an alcohol undergoes the second reaction, i.e. direct conjugation to an ether glucuronide, appears to depend upon the speed of the first reaction. Alcohols which are rapidly oxidized form very little ether glucuronide unless given in high doses.The effect of various alkanols on the central nervous system was studied by using rat brain synaptosomal membranes as an in vitro model. The activity of (Ca2+/Mg2+)ATPase and the membrane fluidity were determined. The n-alkanols exhibited an increased molar inhibition of the ATPase activity with an increase in the carbon chain length up to 1-octanol. 1-octanol and 1-decanol caused a biphasic effect on the ATPase activity depending on the alkanol concentration, whereas 1-dodecanol caused a stimulation of the ATPase activity. All alkanols studied caused an increased fluidity of the membrane ... /These/ results indicate that the effect of alkanols on the ATPase activity depends on changes in the border layer between the membrane and the surrounding medium and on a binding of the alkanols to the enzyme molecule ... The two-way effect of 1-octanol and 1-decanol and the stimulatory effect of 1-dodecanol indicate that more mechanisms are involved ... Changes in the membrane fluidity do not seem to be a prerequisite of the ATPase inhibition.Studies indicate that T-type calcium channels (T-channels) in the thalamus are cellular targets for general anesthetics. Here, we recorded T-currents and underlying low-threshold calcium spikes from neurons of nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT) in brain slices from young rats and investigated the mechanisms of their modulation by an anesthetic alcohol, 1-octanol. We found that 1-octanol inhibited native T-currents at subanesthetic concentrations with an IC(50) of approximately 4 muM. In contrast, 1-octanol was up to 30-fold less potent in inhibiting recombinant Ca(V)3.3 T-channels heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Inhibition of both native and recombinant T-currents was accompanied by a hyperpolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation, indicating that 1-octanol stabilized inactive states of the channel. To explore the mechanisms underlying higher 1-octanol potency in inhibiting native nRT T-currents, we tested the effect of the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and PKC inhibitors. We found that PMA caused a modest increase of T-current, whereas the inactive PMA analog 4alpha-PMA failed to affect T-current in nRT neurons. In contrast, 12-(2-cyanoethyl)-6,7,12,13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-5H-indolo(2,3-a)pyrrolo(3,4-c)-carbazole (Go 6976), an inhibitor of calcium-dependent PKC, decreased baseline T-current amplitude in nRT cells and abolished the effects of subsequently applied 1-octanol. The effects of 1-octanol were also abolished by chelation of intracellular calcium ions with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibition of calcium-dependent PKC signaling is a possible molecular substrate for modulation of T-channels in nRT neurons by 1-octanol. 1-Octanol is a colorless liquid. It has a fresh, orange-rose odor. 1-Octanol has an oily, sweet, slightly herbaceous taste. It is moderately soluble in water. USE: 1-Octanol is used in cosmetics and perfumery. It is used as a food flavoring. 1-Octanol is used in organic synthesis, solvent manufacturing and as an antifoaming agent. EXPOSURE: Workers that use or produce 1-octanol may breathe in mists or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by eating food or drinking beverages that contain 1-octanol. Skin exposure will result from using some household cleaning products. If 1-octanol is released to air, it will be degraded by reaction with other chemicals in the air. It is not expected to be broken down by light. If released to water or soil, it is not expected to bind to soil particles or suspended particles. It will move into air from water and moist soil surfaces. It is expected to move through soil at a high rate. It will be rapidly broken down by microorganisms. 1-Octanol will not build up in aquatic organisms. RISK: 1-Octanol did not cause irritation in human skin exposure studies. No abortions or offspring with birth defects were found in female laboratory animals exposed during pregnancy to high concentrations of 1-octanol vapor in air or to high doses by mouth. Unsteady gait, drooling, nose discharge, and pneumonia, with slightly decreased body weight gain were observed in the orally exposed pregnant animals. The potentials for 1-octanol to cause decreased fertility or cancer have not been studied in laboratory animals. The potential for 1-octanol to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens.For 1-octanol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 079037) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the USA but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses.Prepared from the esterified products of coconut oil, the methyl caprylate being reduced by sodium and alcohol.By reduction of some caprylic esters such as methyl caprylate with sodium ethoxide.1-Octanol is manufactured by the Alfol process and from natural products.1-Octanol is made commercially by sodium reduction or high-pressure catalytic hydrogenation of the esters of naturally occurring caprylic acid or by oligomerization of ethylene using aluminum alkyl technology.Manufactured by the hydrodimerization of 1,3-butadiene, followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting dienol, and distillation to produce n-octyl alcohol with a minimum purity of 99 percent.Grades: Technical; chemically pure; pure; perfume, Food Chemical Codex.Royaltac-M (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions, Inc.): Active ingredient: lauryl alcohol 0.3%; 1-octanol 36.2%; 1-decanol 48.2%.Off-Shoot-T (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions, Inc.): Active ingredient: lauryl alcohol 0.3%; 1-octanol 36.2%; 1-decanol 48.2%.C8-C10 Fatty Alcohol Technical (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions, Inc.): Active ingredient: lauryl alcohol 0.3%; 1-octanol 42.6%; 1-decanol 56.7%.Irritates skin and eyes.Combustible. Above 81 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.Combustible liquid when exposed to heat or flame.Octanol ... has caused transient injury of corneal epithelium, with recovery in 48 hr.Flush with copious amounts of water.Fresh air, rest.Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.AEROBIC: A number of aerobic biological screening studies, which utilized settled waste water, sewage, or activated sludge for inocula, have demonstrated that 1-octanol is readily biodegradable(1-8). Five day BOD tests show BODTs of 33(1), 37(2) and 62.4%(3). A ring test involving 14 laboratories found a mean degradation of 85% in 28 day test(4). A study which measured theoretical carbon dioxide evolved revealed 71% ultimate degradation of 1-octanol after an inoculation with activated sludge, in the dark, at 20 degrees C for 7 days(5). Other screening test data yielded a half-life of 22 hours(SRC) based on a first order biodegradation rate of 0.0313/hr(6) for 1-octanol.SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Combustible liquids.A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance is mildly irritating to the skin. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.Residues of n-octyl alcohol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solvent or cosolvent.Attacks plastics [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: an explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73. 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893. 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M. 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].1-Octanol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.Whether 1-octanol (OCT) could inhibit Ethanol (ETOH) toxicity in cultured whole mouse embryos /was studied/. Embryos (3 to 5 somites) were cultured for 6 hours in the absence and presence of alcohols and transferred to control medium for an additional 20 hours. Somite pairs were counted after a total of 26 hours in culture ... Treatment with 3 uM OCT did not produce a delay in embryonic development, whereas 10 uM and 50 uM OCT caused increasing toxicity. Embryos cultured for 6 hours with 100 mM ETOH showed markedly delayed in vitro development (13.8 + or - 0.7 somite pairs after 26 hours, n = 15) as compared with control embryos (19.6 + or - 0.6 somite pairs, n = 5). The toxicity of 100 mM ETOH was significantly reduced by co-incubation with 3 uM OCT (16.9 + or - 0.6 somite pairs; n = 23, p less than 0.002). All of the control embryos and 60.9% of the ethanol/octanol-treated embryos had greater than or equal to 17 somite pairs; in contrast, only 13.4% of the embryos treated with ethanol alone had greater than or equal to 17 somite pairs. Conversely, while 33.3% of the embryos treated with ethanol alone had less than or equal to 12 somite pairs, none of the control embryos and only 4.3% of the embryos treated with ethanol plus octanol were this small.Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/1-Octanol's production and use in perfumery, cosmetics, organic synthesis, solvent manufacture of high boiling esters, anti-foam agents and in food flavoring may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 1-Octanol is released to the environment as a constituent of many plants. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.0794 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-octanol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-octanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 hours. Physical removal from air via precipitation has been shown to occur. 1-Octanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1-octanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon a Koc of 38. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Octanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 89% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, 1-octanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Based on aqueous biodegradation screening test results, 1-octanol should biodegrade rapidly in aquatic environments. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 43 hours and 17 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 44 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to 1-octanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-octanol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-octanol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 1-octanol. (SRC) Industry Uses: Fuels and fuel additives Intermediates Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories Plasticizers Processing aids, not otherwise listed Processing aids, specific to petroleum production Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing) Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture) Surface active agents Viscosity adjustors Consumer Uses: Agricultural products (non-pesticidal) Air care products Building/construction materials - wood and engineered wood products Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere Lubricants and greases Metal products not covered elsewhere Non-TSCA use Paints and coatings Paper products Personal care products

cas no 86390-77-4 (9Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid (2S)-2-(acetyloxy)-3-hydroxypropyl ester; 1-(cis-9-Octadecenoyl)-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol; 2-Acetyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol; DG(18:1(9Z)/2:0/0:0); OAG;

1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is a kind of straight-chain saturated fatty alcohol.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is often used as an ingredient in cosmetics such as cold creams because of its emollient properties.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) can also be used as the intermediate during the manufacturing of some organic compounds like surfactants.

CAS: 112-72-1
MF: C14H30O
MW: 214.39
EINECS: 204-000-3

Some studies have shown that 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) can inhibit the endothelial activation and reduce tissue responsiveness to cytokines, having the potential to treat the periodontitis based on studies on rabbits.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is also employed for the fabrication of temperature-regulated drug release system based on phase-change materials.
Colorless thick liquid (heated) with a faint alcohol odor.
Solidifies and floats on water.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol), or commonly myristyl alcohol (from Myristica fragrans – the nutmeg plant), is a straight-chain saturated fatty alcohol, with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12CH2OH.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is a white waxy solid that is practically insoluble in water, soluble in diethyl ether, and slightly soluble in ethanol.

1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is a chemical compound that has been used as a model system for studying the biochemical properties of long-chain alcohols.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) has been shown to be a potent antimicrobial agent, with activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is soluble in trifluoroacetic acid and insoluble in water.
The phase transition temperature for 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) can be determined using an analytical method such as differential scanning calorimetry or by measuring its melting point.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is also used in the study of infectious diseases, including galleria mellonella and Linoleyl alcohol.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is a fatty alcohol produced from myristic acid that appears as a white, waxy solid.

Myristic acid, which gets its name from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), is also present in palm kernel oil and coconut oil, which are the primary sources for production.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) has emollient and emulsion stabilising properties, and it is used in some skincare formulations to help moisturise the skin as well as prevent the soluble ingredients from separating.
Myristyl Alcohol is a very useful ingredient in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is commonly used as an emollient as it helps to hydrate and soothe the skin leaving it healthier and better textured.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) also reduces the surface tension between different components and helps to combine oil and water-based ingredients together.
Overall, 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) improves the feel, texture, and performance of different products such as body lotions, lip balms, shampoos, and sunscreens.
The chemical formula of Myristyl Alcohol is C14H30O.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is a light-weight fatty alcohol that functions as a thickener, emulsion, emollient, texture enhancer, and stabilizer in hair care product formulas.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is used to improve the texture and manageability of your hair.

1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 35-39 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 289 °C(lit.)
density: 0.823 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Density: 7.4 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure: <1 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.4454
Fp: >230 °F
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility Water: soluble0.00013g/L at 23°C
Form: Low Melting Solid, Crystalline Powder, Crystals, Flakes, Pellets and/or Chunks
Pka: 15.20±0.10(Predicted)
Specific Gravity: 0.823
Color: White
Odor: fatty
Odor Type: waxy
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,6335
BRN: 1742652
Dielectric Constant: 4.4（48℃）
LogP: 5.5
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-72-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol)(112-72-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) (112-72-1)

1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) occurs as a white crystalline solid with a waxy odor.
Also reported as opaque leaflets or crystals from ethanol.

Uses
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is an emollient often used in hand creams, cold creams, and lotions to give them a smooth, velvety feel.
Sources indicate 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) as being mildly comedogenic and potentially irritating.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is used as an ingredient in cosmetics such as cold creams.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is an active intermediate in the chemical synthesis of sulfated alcohol.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is also employed in the fabrication of temperature-regulated drug release system based on phase-change materials.

1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) plays a vital role in filling the hollow interiors of gold nanocages in the fabrication of new theranostic system, which has unique feature of photoacoustic imaging.
As emollient for cold creams, etc., also for making the sulfated alcohol whose sodium salt is applicable as a "wetter" in textiles.
As with other fatty alcohols, 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is used as an ingredient in cosmetics such as cold creams for its emollient properties.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is also used as an intermediate in the chemical synthesis of other products such as surfactants.

Pharmaceutical Applications
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is used in oral, parenteral, and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) has been evaluated as a penetration enhancer in melatonin transdermal patches in rats.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) has also been tested as a bilayer stabilizer in niosome formulations containing ketorolac tromethamine,and zidovudine.
Niosomes containing 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) showed a considerably slower release rate of ketorolac tromethamine than those containing cholesterol.
This was also observed with the zidovudine formulation.

Production Methods
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is found in spermaceti wax and sperm oil, and may be synthesized by sodium reduction of fatty acid esters or the reduction of fatty acids by lithium aluminum hydride. 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) can also be formed from acetaldehyde and dimethylamine.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) may be prepared by the hydrogenation of myristic acid (or its esters); myristic acid itself can be found in nutmeg (from where it gains its name) but is also present in palm kernel oil and coconut oil and it is from these that the majority of 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is produced.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) may also be produced from petrochemical feedstocks via either the Ziegler process.

Reactivity Profile
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) is an alcohol.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert 1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol) may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Synonyms
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol)
Tetradecan-1-ol
112-72-1
Myristyl alcohol
Tetradecanol
Tetradecyl alcohol
n-Tetradecanol
Myristic alcohol
n-Tetradecyl alcohol
Lanette K
Loxanol V
n-Tetradecanol-1
1-Hydroxytetradecane
Alfol 14
n-Tetradecan-1-ol
Dytol R-52
Lanette 14
1-Tetradecyl alcohol
tetradecan1-ol
NSC 8549
Polyethylene monoalcohol
Myristyl alcohol [NF]
NSC-8549
68855-56-1
71750-71-5
63393-82-8
67762-41-8
DTXSID9026926
CHEBI:77417
V42034O9PU
N-TETRADECYL-D29 ALCOHOL
kalcohl 40
75782-87-5
Myristyl alcohol (NF)
C14 alcohol
68002-95-9
DTXCID406926
Alcohol(C14)
CAS-112-72-1
Tetradecanol (7CI)
Kalcohl 4098
C14-15 alcohol
HSDB 5168
Lorol C 14
Adol 18
Kalcol 4098
Conol 1495
EINECS 204-000-3
MFCD00004757
Nacol 14-95
BRN 1742652
UNII-S4827SZE3L
UNII-V42034O9PU
tetradecylalcohol
AI3-00943
Tetradecanol-1
EINECS 267-019-6
EINECS 268-107-7
EINECS 272-490-6
EINECS 275-983-4
Philcohol 1400
Lorol C14
Myristyl cetyl alcohol
Epal 14
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol), 97%
SDA 15-060-00
EC 204-000-3
EC 616-261-4
SCHEMBL20286
4-01-00-01864 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CHEMBL24022
MYRISTYL ALCOHOL [II]
MYRISTYL ALCOHOL [MI]
MYRISTYL ALCOHOL [FCC]
S4827SZE3L
WLN: Q14
MYRISTYL ALCOHOL [HSDB]
MYRISTYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
MYRISTYL ALCOHOL [MART.]
NSC8549
MYRISTYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
MYRISTYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD]
14 OH
EINECS 267-009-1
EINECS 269-790-4
Tox21_201842
Tox21_300538
LMFA05000041
Myristyl alcohol; n-Tetradecan-1-ol
AKOS009031495
CS-W004294
HY-W004294
NCGC00164345-01
NCGC00164345-02
NCGC00164345-03
NCGC00254322-01
NCGC00259391-01
BP-30124
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol), purum, >=95.0% (GC)
FT-0608311
T0084
EN300-19955
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol), Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%
D05097
D77653
1-Tetradecanol (Myristic Alcohol), Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 97%
A894532
Q161683
F7FCB87C-0FA4-412A-BC8C-BE5C952BC1E0
J-002824
Myristyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Myristyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

SYNONYMS 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin;1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione; DBDMH; Dibromantine; N,N'-Dibromodimethylhydantoin; Cas no:77-48-5

2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE; BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHORIC ACID; D-2-EHPA; DEPHA; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHORIC ACID; DI(2-ETHYLHEXY)PHOSPHORIC ACID; DIISOOCTYL ACID PHOSPHATE; Diisooctyl phosphate; DIOCTYL PHOSPHATE; 'DIOCTYL' PHOSPHATE; HDEHP; PHOSPHORIC ACID BIS (2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER; PHOSPHORIC ACID DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER; PHOSPHORIC ACID DIOCTYL ESTER; Bis(2-ethylhexyl)orthophosphoric acid; bis(2-ethylhexyl)orthophosphoricacid CAS NO:298-07-7

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is a chemical compound commonly used in industrial applications.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is a stable organic peroxide with a 40% concentration in its solution.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a vital role as a polymerization initiator and crosslinking agent.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is often employed in the production of plastics and rubber materials.

CAS Number: 16111-62-9



APPLICATIONS


2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is commonly used as a polymerization initiator in the production of plastic materials.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a crucial role in the manufacture of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) products, including pipes, fittings, and vinyl siding.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is utilized in the production of synthetic rubber compounds, improving their mechanical properties and resilience.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% finds applications in the creation of automotive seals and gaskets, enhancing their durability and resistance to environmental factors.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the manufacturing of wire and cable insulation materials.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the production of elastomeric materials for various industrial applications.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the crosslinking of rubber used in conveyor belts and hoses.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is a key component in the production of heat-resistant rubber components for machinery and equipment.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% aids in the production of rubber roofing materials with superior weather resistance.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is utilized in the manufacture of shoe soles, improving their wear resistance and longevity.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the creation of rubberized coatings for textiles and fabrics.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the production of foam rubber materials for cushioning and insulation purposes.

In the aerospace industry, it is used in the production of rubber components for aircraft and spacecraft.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the manufacturing of rubber O-rings used in various applications.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of rubber diaphragms used in pumps and valves.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the creation of inflatable structures, such as airbags and life rafts.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the production of medical-grade rubber products like seals and gaskets for pharmaceutical equipment.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used to create rubberized coatings for industrial rollers and belts.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% finds applications in the production of rubber flooring materials for gymnasiums and playgrounds.
In the automotive industry, it enhances the performance of rubber components in engine compartments.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the creation of rubberized conveyor belts used in material handling systems.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the production of rubber gloves for industrial and medical purposes.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the manufacturing of rubber seals and gaskets for fluid and gas containment.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the production of vibration-damping rubber mounts for machinery.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used to create rubber components for the marine industry, such as boat fenders and seals.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is utilized in the production of inflatable structures for recreational purposes, including bounce houses and inflatable slides.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the creation of rubberized seals and gaskets for the automotive industry, improving the reliability of engine components.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the manufacture of vibration isolation mounts for sensitive equipment used in laboratories and manufacturing facilities.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the production of rubberized rollers for printing and paper processing machinery.
In the construction industry, it is employed in the creation of rubberized roofing membranes, providing excellent waterproofing and durability.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a role in the manufacturing of rubberized conveyor belts used in the mining and materials handling sectors.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is utilized in the production of agricultural equipment components, such as rubberized seals for machinery.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the creation of flexible, weather-resistant seals for doors and windows in residential and commercial buildings.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the production of rubberized expansion joints for bridges and infrastructure projects.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for the aerospace industry, ensuring the reliability of critical components.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the production of rubberized coatings for industrial rollers used in various manufacturing processes.
In the electronics industry, it is used to create rubber components for sealing and protecting electronic devices from moisture and dust.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% finds applications in the production of rubberized linings for chemical storage tanks and industrial containers.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the manufacturing of high-performance rubber diaphragms for pumps and valves in the oil and gas industry.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the creation of rubberized seals for food processing equipment, ensuring hygiene and safety.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the production of shock-absorbing rubber components for the automotive suspension system.

In the marine industry, 2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the manufacture of marine fenders that protect vessels and docks from collisions.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of rubberized components for underwater vehicles and equipment.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for the aerospace industry, ensuring the reliability of aircraft components.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a role in the production of rubberized coatings for rollers and belts used in the printing industry.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the creation of rubberized seals and gaskets for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% finds applications in the production of rubberized linings for tanks and containers used in the chemical and petrochemical industries.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the manufacturing of high-temperature-resistant rubber components for industrial furnaces and ovens.
In the automotive sector, it is used to create rubberized components for suspension bushings and engine mounts.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of specialized rubber products for the defense and military industries, including protective gear and vehicle components.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of rubberized automotive hoses and tubing for fluid transport.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for the manufacturing of conveyor belts used in the mining and aggregate industries.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the production of rubberized roller coverings used in material handling and printing industries.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% finds applications in the creation of rubberized seals and gaskets for refrigeration and HVAC systems.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the manufacturing of rubberized shock mounts for electronic equipment and instrumentation.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of high-temperature-resistant rubber components for aerospace engines and propulsion systems.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a role in the formulation of rubberized coatings for industrial drive belts used in manufacturing machinery.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used to create rubberized linings for tanks and vessels used in the chemical processing and pharmaceutical industries.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the production of resilient rubberized flooring materials for commercial and industrial facilities.
In the sports and recreation industry, it is employed in the manufacturing of rubberized surfaces for athletic tracks and playgrounds.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the creation of rubberized parts for agricultural machinery, such as combine harvester components.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the production of rubberized conveyor belting for bulk material handling in ports and warehouses.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for the production of conveyor rollers and pulleys.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is utilized in the creation of rubberized seals and gaskets for water treatment and filtration equipment.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the manufacturing of rubberized components for heavy-duty construction equipment, enhancing their longevity.

In the renewable energy sector, it is used in the production of rubberized components for wind turbine systems.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a role in the formulation of rubberized insulating materials for electrical cables and wires.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used to create rubberized components for medical devices, including tubing and seals.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of specialized rubberized components for the aerospace industry, such as seals for aircraft landing gear.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the manufacturing of rubberized components for the automotive suspension system, improving ride comfort.
In the petroleum industry, it is used in the production of rubberized components for oil drilling equipment and pipelines.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the formulation of rubber compounds for off-road and agricultural vehicle tires.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the creation of rubberized coatings for industrial conveyor systems used in manufacturing plants.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% finds applications in the production of rubberized protective gear for firefighters and first responders.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the manufacturing of rubberized components for marine vessels, including seals and buoys.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the formulation of rubberized components for the mining industry, including conveyor belts and seals for equipment.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of rubberized gaskets and O-rings for the petrochemical industry.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a crucial role in creating rubberized components for the aerospace industry, such as seals for aircraft fuel systems.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the manufacturing of rubberized components for industrial pumps and compressors.
In the oil and gas sector, it is used in the production of rubberized components for offshore drilling rigs and subsea equipment.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the formulation of rubber compounds for railway track dampers, improving rail transportation safety.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the creation of rubberized components for agricultural machinery, such as tractor tires.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the production of rubberized expansion joints for bridges and highways.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the manufacturing of rubberized components for solar panel mounting systems.
In the aerospace industry, it is employed in the production of rubberized gaskets and seals for aircraft engines.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used to create rubberized components for military vehicles and equipment.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a role in the formulation of rubberized conveyor belts for the recycling and waste management industry.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the manufacturing of rubberized components for submersible pumps used in water treatment.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of rubberized components for downhole tools used in oil well drilling.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the creation of rubberized seals and gaskets for industrial boilers and pressure vessels.
In the food and beverage industry, it is used in the formulation of rubberized components for processing and packaging equipment.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the production of rubberized components for elevators and escalators.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the creation of rubberized components for automotive air conditioning systems.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a role in the formulation of rubberized components for wastewater treatment plants.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential in the manufacturing of rubberized coatings for conveyor systems in the logistics and distribution industry.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of rubberized components for medical equipment and devices.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% contributes to the creation of rubberized seals and gaskets for industrial boilers and pressure vessels.

In the automotive industry, it is used in the formulation of rubberized components for vehicle suspension systems.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of rubberized components for sports equipment, including gym mats and sports balls.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the manufacturing of rubberized protective gear for workers in industries such as construction and mining.



DESCRIPTION


2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% (also known as 2-Ethylhexylperoxydicarbonate or EHPDC) is a chemical compound used as a polymerization initiator and crosslinking agent in the production of plastics and rubbers.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is an organic peroxide, and its chemical formula is C14H26O8.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is a relatively stable peroxide, but it can decompose to release oxygen radicals, which can initiate polymerization reactions.
This property makes it useful in various industrial applications, particularly in the production of polymer materials where controlled polymerization and crosslinking are needed.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is a chemical compound commonly used in industrial applications.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is a stable organic peroxide with a 40% concentration in its solution.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% plays a vital role as a polymerization initiator and crosslinking agent.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is often employed in the production of plastics and rubber materials.
The "40%" indicates the concentration of the compound in the solution or product.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is known for its ability to initiate controlled polymerization reactions.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% formula of 2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is C14H26O8.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is a clear, colorless liquid or a white solid, depending on its form.

Handling and storage of this percarbonate require strict adherence to safety guidelines.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% decomposes gradually to release oxygen radicals that trigger polymerization.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% finds applications in the manufacture of various polymer products, including tubing and seals.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% helps improve the durability and performance of rubber compounds.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is used in the creation of crosslinked polymer networks.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is essential to follow safety data sheets (SDS) when working with this chemical.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is sensitive to heat and should be stored at controlled temperatures.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is a valuable tool in the plastics and rubber industry.

Its controlled decomposition allows for precise control over polymerization processes.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% can enhance the mechanical properties of polymers.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is employed in the production of various synthetic rubber types.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is crucial for ensuring the integrity of rubber products used in harsh environments.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% aids in the production of elastomers with improved resistance to heat and aging.

Manufacturers often provide guidelines for the safe use and disposal of this chemical.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is an important ingredient in the creation of automotive and industrial rubber components.

2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40%'s 40% concentration makes it suitable for many industrial applications.
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% is a versatile compound that contributes to the quality and longevity of polymer materials.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C14H26O8
Common Name: 2 Ethylhexyl percarbonate 40%
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid or white solid, depending on form.
Concentration: 40% solution in the provided form.
Chemical Class: Organic peroxide.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 330.36 g/mol.
Odor: Typically odorless.
Stability: Relatively stable when stored properly, but sensitive to heat and contaminants.
Decomposition: Gradual decomposition releases oxygen radicals, which can initiate polymerization reactions.
Polymerization Initiator: Used to initiate controlled polymerization in the production of plastics and rubber.
Crosslinking Agent: Aids in the formation of crosslinked polymer networks.
Solubility: Soluble in various organic solvents.
Density: Varies depending on the specific formulation and concentration.
Melting Point: Varies depending on the specific formulation (if a solid).
Boiling Point: Varies depending on the specific formulation (if a liquid).
Flash Point: Varies depending on the specific formulation.
Chemical Compatibility: Compatible with various rubber and plastic materials.
Hazard Classification: Organic peroxides are typically considered hazardous materials and must be handled with care.



FIRST AID


Inhalation (Breathing in vapors or aerosols):

Remove the affected person from the contaminated area to a well-ventilated space.
If the person is experiencing difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person has stopped breathing or has no pulse, administer CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) if trained to do so.


Skin Contact:

Immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected skin thoroughly with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use a mild soap if available.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or chemical burns develop.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently but thoroughly with lukewarm, low-pressure water for at least 15 minutes while keeping the eyelids open.
If contact lenses are worn, remove them if it can be done safely during rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, and continue rinsing the eyes until professional medical help is obtained.


Ingestion (Swallowing):

Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a medical professional.
Rinse the mouth and drink plenty of water or milk if the person is conscious and not experiencing severe symptoms.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, and suitable protective clothing, when handling the chemical.
Ensure that all PPE is in good condition and properly fitted.

Ventilation:

Use the chemical in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation to control and reduce exposure to vapors or aerosols.
Avoid breathing vapors or aerosols by using a suitable respiratory protection device if necessary.

Avoid Contact:

Avoid skin, eye, and clothing contact with the chemical.
Do not ingest or taste the chemical, and avoid smoking, eating, or drinking in areas where it is handled.

Handling Precautions:

Handle the chemical with care to prevent spills or leaks.
Do not use damaged containers or equipment that may lead to leakage.

Storage Compatibility:

Store the chemical away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, bases, and reducing agents, to prevent hazardous reactions.
Ensure that storage areas are clearly labeled and segregated for hazardous materials.

Static Electricity:

Ground and bond containers and equipment to prevent the buildup of static electricity, as organic peroxides can be sensitive to electrostatic discharges.

Avoid High Temperatures:

Store the chemical away from heat sources, open flames, and direct sunlight, as it can be sensitive to heat and temperature extremes.


Storage:

Location:

Store 2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40% in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area designated for hazardous materials.
Ensure that the storage area complies with local regulations and is adequately equipped to handle spills or emergencies.

Temperature:

Store at temperatures within the recommended range specified by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as elevated temperatures can accelerate decomposition.

Container Integrity:

Ensure that containers used for storage are in good condition, free from damage or defects that may lead to leakage.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Segregation:

Store the chemical away from incompatible substances, following guidelines provided in the SDS.

Labeling:

Clearly label containers with the product name, hazard information, and handling precautions.
Maintain legible and updated labels.

Emergency Equipment:

Keep suitable emergency equipment, such as spill kits, eyewash stations, and safety showers, accessible in the storage area.

Monitoring:

Regularly monitor storage conditions and containers for signs of damage or deterioration.
Implement a regular inspection and maintenance schedule.

Security:

Restrict access to the storage area to authorized personnel only.
Comply with security regulations and guidelines if applicable.

Fire Safety:

Implement fire safety measures in the storage area, including fire extinguishers and sprinkler systems.
Store away from ignition sources.

Documentation:

Maintain accurate records of receipt, usage, and disposal of the chemical as required by regulations.



SYNONYMS


2-Ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate 40%
Di(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate 40%
Di(2-ethylhexyl) percarbonate 40%
Di(2-ethylhexyl) dicarbonate 40%
Peroxydicarbonate of 2-ethylhexyl 40%
2-EHPC 40%
Organic peroxide solution (with specified concentration)
Peroxidic initiator (with specified concentration)
Peroxydicarbonate of 2-ethylhexanol 40%
Di(2-ethylhexyl) dicarbonate solution
Peroxydicarbonate solution, 2-ethylhexyl
2 ethyl hexyl percarbonate 40%, 40% active ingredient
Organic peroxydicarbonate solution
Peroxydicarbonate of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol
Di(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, 40%
Peroxycarbonate of 2-ethylhexyl 40%
2-Ethylhexyl carbonate peroxide solution
Peroxide initiator, 2-ethylhexyl carbonate
2-Ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate solution
Peroxide crosslinking agent, 2-ethylhexyl
2-Ethylhexanol peroxydicarbonate solution
Peroxydicarbonate of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, 40%
Di(2-ethylhexyl) carbonate peroxide
Peroxide compound, 2-ethylhexyl dicarbonate
Peroxycarbonate initiator, 2-ethylhexyl
2-Ethylhexyl organic peroxide, 40%
Peroxydicarbonate of octyl alcohol
Peroxydicarbonate of 2-ethylhexane
Peroxidic initiator of 2-ethylhexyl carbonate
2-Ethylhexyl carbonate peroxidic compound
Peroxydicarbonate crosslinker, 2-ethylhexyl
Organic percarbonate solution, 2-ethylhexyl
Peroxide of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol

2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is a clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is water soluble.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is characterised by low viscosity.


CAS Number: 126-92-1
EC Number: 204-812-8
Molecular Formula: C8H17O4S


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is excellently soluble in water.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate also displays good solubility in low aliphatic alcohols.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is a specialised anionic surfactant, combining several unique features, the synergy of which is extremely important to obtain the desired features of the final formulations.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is a organosulfate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group; major species at pH 7.3.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is a conjugate base of a 2-ethylhexyl sulfate.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is a clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate content in the solution ranges from 38% to 42%.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is characterised by low viscosity.
At 20°C, 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate's density is approximately 1.1 g / mL.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is offered in the form of a clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate primarily has low foaming properties, very good wetting properties and is highly resistant to alkaline environments.
A very important advantage of this choice is the low gelation tendency in electrolyte solutions.
This eliminates problems associated with a local increase in viscosity, e.g. in dispensing systems.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
Uses of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate: Detergent.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate can be used for stable aqueous suspension formulations.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is an anionic surfactant that can be used.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used in suspension polymerization.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used in the analysis of phenolic compounds through microchip-CE with pulsed amperometric detection.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used as charge balancing anions in the synthesis of organo-layered double hydroxides (organo-LDHs).


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is mainly used as wetting agent and penetrating agent in textile printing and dyeing industry, and can be used in various processes of fabric bleaching, scouring, dyeing and finishing, such as sizing, Desizing (especially biological enzyme Desizing), scouring, bleaching, carbonization, chlorination, dyeing, Resin finishing and other processes.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used as wetting agent for the mercerization of cotton and a surfactant in dishwashing detergents.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used as low foam wetting agent in nickel baths at a concentration of 50-250ml/L.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is also widely used in textile industry as alkaline-resistant scouring agent and mercerizing penetrant.


The Sodium 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used as wetting agent in electroplating.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, plant protection products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polishes and waxes and air care products.
Other release to the environment of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Other release to the environment of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is intended to be released from scented: clothes.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes and plant protection products.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, printing and recorded media reproduction, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products, textile, leather or fur, pulp, paper and paper products, machinery and vehicles and furniture.
Other release to the environment of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used in the following products: polymers, textile treatment products and dyes, lubricants and greases, pH regulators and water treatment products, leather treatment products, cosmetics and personal care products and adsorbents.
Release to the environment of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products and leather treatment products.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, printing and recorded media reproduction, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, , plastic products, pulp, paper and paper products, textile, leather or fur, machinery and vehicles and furniture.
Release to the environment of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and in the production of articles.


Other release to the environment of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Release to the environment of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is a low-foaming anionic surfactant with excellent wetting properties and outstanding stability in highly electrolyte, alkaline and acidic systems.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is a profound hydrotropic and wetting agent suitable for use in the production of liquid detergents for household and industrial use such as hard-surface cleaners and alkaline and acid metal degreasers.


Owing to its wetting and penetrating properties 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used as a mercerizing agent in textile industry, in metal galvanization, pickling and brightening, in lye washing and peeling solutions for fruits and vegetables, in fountain solutions for offset printing, wallpaper removal solutions etc.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate can be used for stable aqueous suspension formulations.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate has excellent stability in alkaline and acidic environments, which makes it perfect for use in many industrial formulations.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is successfully applied in the production of industrial and domestic highly alkaline cleaning agents and acidic preparations used for cleaning metal.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is also used in the textile industry as a wetting agent in cotton bleaching processes and during the mercerisation process.
Due to its high resistance to alkalis and low foaming properties, 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is a widely used component of professional preparations in the industrial and institutional cleaning segments.


2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate significantly improves the flow of working solutions of cleaning formulations on hard surfaces during the cleaning process.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate also acts as a wetting and cleaning agent in the photographic industry, offset printing and in formulations for electroplating.
2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate can also be used as an effective wetting agent in alkaline solutions intended for chemical peeling of vegetables and fruits.


-Application of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate:
*Galvanizing additive
*Raw material for acrylic copolymer
*Intermediate for organic synthesis


-Uses and applications of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate include:
Wetting agent for electroplating baths, alkaline textile processing aids, industrial cleaners; coemulsifier for polymerization; viscous control in adhesives; food packaging adhesives; in paperpaperboard in contact with aqueousfatty foods; surfactant, detergent, wetting agent, emulsifier, penetrant, stabilizer for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, household and industrial cleaners, metal cleaning, paints, plastics, rubber, food packaging and processing, adhesives; washinglye peeling of fruits and vegetables.


-Applications of 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate:
*Chemical industries as wetting agent
*Textile industry as mercerizing agent
*2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate is used as wetting agent in electroplating


-Applications of2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate:
*industrial cleaners,
*household detergents,
*textile industry,
*food industry,
*foaming agent in the production of drywall,
*firefighting industry,
*oil extraction industry.


-Cosmetic Uses:
*surfactants
*surfactant - emulsifying
*surfactant - hydrotrope



ADVANTAGES OF 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
*low foaming properties,
*very good wetting properties,
*good solubility in water,
*easy handling of the product,
*versatile product for multiple applications,
*high stability and interphase activity in concentrated salt and alkali solutions,
*exhibits hydrophilic properties.



WHAT DOES 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying
*Hydrotrope
*Surfactant



GROUPS / USES OF 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
*Agricultural Chemicals
*Coupling agent
*Organic Intermediates
*Surfactants & Emulsifiers
*Wetting Agents
*Accelerators



MARKETS OF 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
*Agriculture & Animal Care
*Chemical & Materials Manufacturing



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
Molecular Weight: 209.29
XLogP3: 2.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 209.08475519
Monoisotopic Mass: 209.08475519
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: -1
Complexity: 191
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: colorless clear liquid
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.085
Soluble in: water, 5.843e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C

Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow, green
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 100 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: completely miscible
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: 23,3 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,100 - 1,120 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Body Protection:
Impervious clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12: Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2 ETHYL HEXYL SULPHATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability
Stable under recommende:d storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Tergemist
2-ethylhexyl sulfate(1-)
Tergimist
Pentrone ON
Ethasulfate sodium
Sodium ethosulfate
Sulfirol 8
Tergitol 08
08-Union carbide
Tergitol anionic 08
Propaste 6708
component of Tergemist
Sole Tege TS-25
Emcol D 5-10
2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate
NSC4744
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sodium sulfate
NCI-C50204
Sodium(2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate sodium salt
NCGC00164327-02
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, sulfate, sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol hydrogen sulfate sodium salt
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
2-ethylhexyl sulphate
2-ethylhexyl sulfate oxoanion
CHEBI:87808
2-EHS(1-)
Q27159946
2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate Sodium Salt
Avirol SA 4106
Carsonol SHS
Disponil EHS 47
Emcol D 5-10
Ethasulfate Sodium
Kraftex OA
Lugalvan TC-EHS
Lutensit TC-EHS
NAS 08
NSC 4744
Newcol 1000SN
Niaproof 08
Nissan Sintrex EHR
Pentrone ON
Pionin A 20
Rewopol NEHS 40
Rhodapon BOS
Rhodapon OLS
Sandet OHE
Sinolin SO 35
Sintrex EHR
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate
Sodium Etasulfate
Sodium Ethasulfate
Sodium Octyl Sulfate
Sodium Octyl Sulphate
Sole Tege TS 25
Stepanol EHS
Steponol EHS
Sulfirol 8
Sulfopon O
Sulfotex CA
Sulfotex OA
Supralate SP
TC-EHS
Tergemist
Tergimist
Tergitol 08
Tergitol Anionic 08
Texapon 890
Texapon EHS
Witcolate D 5-10
TC-EHS
sipexbos
tergimist
tergemist
sulfirol8
TERGITOL-8
pentroneon
nci-c50204
niaproof08
emersal6465
propaste6708
niaproof type 8
08-unioncarbide
sodium etasulfate
tergitolanionic08
2-ethylhexyl sulfate
2-ethylhexylsiransodny
2-ethylhexylsulfatesodium
2-ethylhexylsodiumsulfate
SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE
sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulphate
2-ethyl-1-hexanolsodiumsulfate
2-ethylhexylsulfuricacid,sodium
2-Ethylhexylsulfate Sodium salt
2-ethylhexylsulphate,sodium salt
2-Ethylhexylsulphate, sodium salt
2-ethyl-1-hexanolsulfatesodiumsalt
mono(2-ethylhexyl sulfatesodiumsalt
2-ethyl-1-hexanolhydrogensulfatesodiumsalt
1-hexanol,2-ethyl-,hydrogensulfate,sodiumsalt
2-ethylhexylsulfuricacid,sodiumsalt emcold5-10
Sulfuricacid,mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester,sodiumsalt
Sodium ethasulfate
Tergemist
08-Union Carbide
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, sulfate, sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol hydrogen sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sodium sulfate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate
2-Ethylhexylsulfate sodium
Emcol D 5-10
Emersal 6465
Ethasulfate sodium
Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate sodium salt
Mono(2-ethylhexyl)sulfate sodium salt
NIA proof 08
Pentrone ON
Propaste 6708
Sipex bos
Sodium (2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate
Sodium etasulfate
Sodium mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate
Sodium octyl sulfate, iso
Sodium(2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate
Sole Tege TS-25
Sulfirol 8
Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
Tergitol 08
Tergitol Anionic 08
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate
Mono (2-ethylhexyl) sulfate sodium salt
Sodium etasulfate Sodium (2-ethylhexyl) alcohol sulfate
Sulfuric acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt

Texanol ester; 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediolmono(2-methylpropanoate); 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate; Isobutyric acid, monoester with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol; ácido isobutírico, monoéster con 2,2,4-trimetilpentano-1,3-diol; Acide isobutyrique, monoester avec 2,2,4-triméthylpentane-1,3-diol CAS NO: 25265-77-4

2-Ethylhexyl salicylate also known as octisalate or octyl salicylate, is an organic compound used as an ingredient in sunscreens and cosmetics to absorb UVB (ultraviolet) rays from the sun.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is an ester formed by the condensation of salicylic acid with 2-ethylhexanol.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is a colorless oily liquid with a slight floral odor.

CAS: 118-60-5
MF: C15H22O3
MW: 250.33
EINECS: 204-263-4

Synonyms
SALICYLIC ACID OCTYL ESTER;SALICYLIC ACID-2-ETHYL-1-HEXYL ESTER;SALICYLIC ACID 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER;OCTISALATE;TIMTEC-BB SBB008473;2-ETHYLHEXYL SALICYLATE 99+%;SALICYLIC ACID 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER 98+%;OCTISALATE,USP;2-ETHYLHEXYL SALICYLATE;Octisalate;118-60-5;2-Ethylhexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate;Ethylhexyl salicylate;Ethyl hexyl salicylate;Sunarome O;Sunarome WMO;Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 2-ethylhexyl ester;Uvinul;Escalol;USAF DO-11;Neo Heliopan;Salicylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester;NSC 46151;Salicylic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester;NSC-46151;WMO;DTXSID7040734;CHEBI:88639;MFCD00053300;4X49Y0596W;NCGC00159324-02;Octyl salicylate;2-Ethylhexyl salicylate;Octisalate [USAN];DTXCID5020734;CAS-118-60-5;EINECS 204-263-4;BRN 2730664;Octisalate [USAN:USP:INN];Dermoblock OS;UNII-4X49Y0596W;Neo Heliopan OS;Uvinul (TN);Escalol 587;Salicylic acid-2-ethyl-1-hexyl ester;Uvinul O-18;2-Hydroxybenzoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester;OCTISALATE [II];Octisalate (USP/INN);Ethylhexyl salicylic acid;OCTISALATE [INN];OCTISALATE [VANDF];Salicylic Acid Octyl Ester;EC 204-263-4;OCTISALATE [MART.];OCTISALATE [USP-RS];OCTISALATE [WHO-DD];SCHEMBL39594;2-Ethylhexyl2-hydroxybenzoate;OCTYL SALICYLATE [MI];2-Ethylhexyl salicylate, 99%;CHEMBL1329203;OCTYL SALICYLATE [VANDF];WLN: QR BVO1Y4 & 2;2-Ethylhexyl salicylate, >=99%;OCTISALATE [USP MONOGRAPH];HY-B0929;NSC46151;Tox21_111573;ETHYLHEXYL SALICYLATE [VANDF];s6405;STL570066;AKOS015890505;Tox21_111573_1;CS-4398;DB11062;NCGC00159324-03;NCGC00159324-04;AC-12458;LS-14437;SY052290;2-hydroxy benzoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester;DB-041415;2-Ethylhexyl salicylate, analytical standard;NS00011474;S0387;D05226;F85195;EN300-7381990;A804061;J-509330;Q27160526;Octisalate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;Octisalate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

2-Ethylhexyl salicylate of the molecule absorbs ultraviolet light, protecting skin from the harmful effects of exposure to sunlight.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is a fatty alcohol, adding emollient and oil-like (water resistant) properties.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is functionally related to a salicylic acid.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate(EHS) is an organic ultraviolet(UV) absorber that can be used as a photostable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate shows an absorption spectra in the range of 280-320 nm in the UV region.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is an important chemical product with colorless to light yellow transparent liquid in appearance, slightly aromatic odor, absorption of UVB (Chinese: outdoor ultraviolet), and widely used in perfume, soap, sunscreen cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate can also be used as an organic solvent and an intermediate in organic synthesis.
At present, my country mainly relies on imports.

2-Ethylhexyl salicylate Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 189-190 °C/21 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.014 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.018Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.502(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Refrigerator
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
pka: 8.13±0.30(Predicted)
Color: A colourless liquid.
Odor: at 100.00 %. mild orchid sweet balsam
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 74.4μg/L at 20℃
Merck: 14,6770
BRN: 2730664
LogP: 5.94 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 118-60-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate(118-60-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate (118-60-5)

Uses
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is also known as ethylhexyl salicylate and octyl salicylate.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is a uVB absorber.
octisalate is a uVB protector.
This is the drug name for 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate and octyl salicylate.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is an FDA-approved uVB sunscreen chemical, it absorbs within the entire uVB range.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate has an approved usage level of 3 to 5 percent in both the united States and the european union, and is a good solubilizer for benzophenone-3.
In suntan lotions, 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is used as a preservative and anti-microbial.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is a salt of salicylic acid occurring in wintergreen leaves and in other plants.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is also synthetically manufactured.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is considered a non-comedogenic raw material.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is the InCI name for octyl salicylate.

Preparation
The first step is to add isooctanol solution with purity of 70%-99.9% to methyl salicylate solution with purity of 70%-99.9%, and the molar ratio of methyl salicylate in methyl salicylate solution to isooctanol in isooctanol solution is 1:1-1: 3, stirring for 1-3 hours, form a uniformly mixed raw material solution.
Preferably, in the first step, the molar ratio of methyl salicylate in methyl salicylate solution and isooctanol in isooctanol solution is 1: 2.
In the second step, a solid inorganic base catalyst is added to the raw material solution prepared in the first step.
The mass of the inorganic base catalyst is 0. 2% -1. 0% of the mass of the raw material solution to form a reaction solution.
In the second step, the inorganic base catalyst is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH).
Preferably, the mass of the inorganic base catalyst is 0.5% of the total mass of the raw material solution.

In the third step, the reaction solution prepared in the second step is heated to 100-200°C, and after stirring for 4-10 hours, the reaction solution is cooled to 2(T80 °C, the reaction solution is washed with hot water at a temperature of 50-100°C, and the organic phase is separated and extracted.
In the second step, methanol is recovered after 4-10 hours of mixing reaction.
Heat the reaction solution to 100-200°C to produce methanol gas.
The recovery device is used to recover the methanol produced in the transesterification process between the inorganic base catalyst and the raw material solution.
Preferably, the reaction solution is heated to 150°C.
The time of stirring reaction is 5 hours.

The number of times the hot water washes the reaction solution is two or three.
Step 4: First, anhydrous Na2SO4 is added to the organic phase extracted in the third step, the organic phase is dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, and after standing for 8 -12 hours, Na2SO4 in the organic phase is removed; then, the organic phase removed from Na2SO4 is added to a flask, and the oil pump is subjected to vacuum distillation to collect a fraction of 174- 178°C /1.0kPa, which is isooctyl salicylate.
In the fourth step, the oil pump is distilled under reduced pressure to the prior art.
174- 178°C /1.0kPa means that the pressure gauge of the oil pump shows 1.0kPa, and the thermometer in the container containing the organic phase shows 174- 178°C.

2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) is a chemical that belongs to the group of amines.
2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) is used as a surfactant in the form of ethylene diamine or metal hydroxides and has been shown to have transport properties.
2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE)'s protonated form has been shown to adsorb on metal oxides, such as iron oxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide.

CAS: 1704-62-7
MF: C6H15NO2
MW: 133.19
EINECS: 216-940-1

Synonyms
2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-ethano;2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-ethano;Ethanol, 2-2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy-;N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol;Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol;N,N-Dimethyldiglycolamine;Texacat ZR-70;LUPRAGEN(R) N 107;1704-62-7;2-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol;2-[2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHOXY]ETHANOL;2-(2-Dimethylaminoethoxy)ethanol;Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol;N,N-Dimethyldiglycolamine;Ethanol, 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-;2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol;Ethanol, 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)-;C3YTX3O172;(n,n-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethanol;DTXSID1027427
;NSC-3146;Ethylene Glycol Mono[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] Ether;NSC 3146;EINECS 216-940-1;BRN 1209271;UNII-C3YTX3O172;AI3-18588;DMAE-EO;EC 216-940-1;SCHEMBL25781;3-04-00-00648 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);2,3-Dibromopropylisothiocyanate;DTXCID907427;CHEMBL3188351;WLN: Q2O2N1&1;YSAANLSYLSUVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-;NSC3146;2-(n,n-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethanol;BAA70462;Tox21_200243;MFCD00059602;2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol;AKOS009156495;2-[2-(Dimethyl-amino)-ethoxy]ethanol
;CS-W011078;NCGC00248574-01;NCGC00257797-01;CS-17339;CAS-1704-62-7;2-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol, 98%;5-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-3-OXAPENTAN-1-OL;D1756;NS00001756;2-(2-N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOETHOXY)ETHANOL;D77714;EN300-738720;A811204
;N,N-DIMETHYL(2-(2-HYDROXYETHOXY)ETHYL)AMINE;Q27275154;InChI=1/C6H15NO2/c1-7(2)3-5-9-6-4-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3;40021-80-5

This adsorption mechanism may be due to its cationic nature.
2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) also reacts with nitrous acid in water to form an intermediate which can be oxidized by atmospheric oxygen.
The reaction mechanism for this oxidation is not yet well understood.
2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H15NO2 and is a liquid at room temperature.
2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) is polyfunctional, having a tertiary amine, ether and hydroxyl functionality.
Like other organic amines, 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) acts as a weak base.
The toxicity of 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) has been extensively studied.

2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 95 °C15 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.954 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 11Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.442(lit.)
Fp: 199 °F
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: clear liquid
pka: 14.37±0.10(Predicted)
color: Colorless to Light yellow to Light orange
Water Solubility: 1000g/L at 20℃
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids, isocyanates.
LogP: -0.778 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 1704-62-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) (1704-62-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) (1704-62-7)

Physical and Chemical Properties Analysis
The critical micelle concentrations of surfactants based on 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) have been estimated using surface tension and conductometric measurements, revealing hydrophobic and temperature-dependent surface parameters.
Thermodynamic parameters indicate a preference for adsorption at interfaces rather than aggregation in micelles.
Experimental density data for binary liquid mixtures containing 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and various alcohols have been measured, with results fitting the Tait–Tammann equation and used to calculate properties such as isothermal compressibility, thermal expansion coefficient, and internal pressure.
The phase equilibrium properties of binary aqueous solutions of 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) have been studied, with vapour pressures measured and excess Gibbs functions calculated, indicating negative deviations in Gibbs energy for the mixtures.

Uses
As dimethylaminoethoxyethanol is weakly basic, 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) has been studied as a method of absorbing Greenhouse gases and in particular carbon dioxide.
2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) is used extensively in surfactants which have also been evaluated as corrosion inhibitors.
Surfactants prepared are usually cationic and may also be used as a biocide.
2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) is particularly important for oilfield applications against Sulfate-reducing microorganisms.

The material has other uses which include:
General such as clays, intermediates, plasticizers and adhesives.
As a catalyst and especially for polyurethanes.
Process regulators
Propellants and blowing agents

Synthesis and Characterization
The synthesis of compounds based on 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol (DMAEE) involves direct quaternization with different alkyl bromides, as demonstrated in the preparation of cationic surfactants.
The chemical structures of these surfactants were confirmed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ensuring the accuracy of the synthesis process.

Aminoethoxyethanol; 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol; Diethylene Glycol Monoamine; 2-Hydroxyethyloxyethylamine; cas no: 929-06-6

SYNONYMS Aminoethoxyethanol; 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol;Diethylene Glycol Monoamine; 2-Hydroxyethyloxyethylamine; CAS NO:929-06-6

DESCRIPTION:
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol (DEEA) is a tertiary alkanolamine multi-component aqueous solvent.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol has a high chemical stability and resistance against degradation.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is used to prepare quaternary ammonium salts.
These salts are widely used as phase transfer catalysts to promote reactions between immiscible phases.

CAS Number: 100-37-8
EC Number: 202-845-2
Linear Formula:(C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH




SYNONYM(S) OF 2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL:
N,N-Diethylethanolamine, DEAE, DEEA 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol,Diethylaminoethanol,2-Diethylaminoethanol,N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol,N,N-Diethylethanolamine,Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol,2-Hydroxytriethylamine,2-Diethylaminoethanol,2-HYDROXYTRIETHYLAMINE,BETA-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL,DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE,DIETHYLAMINO-2 ETHANOL,Diethylaminoethanol,DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE,DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE (DEEA),2-Diethylaminoethanol,Diethylaminoethanol,N,N-DIETHYL-2-AMINOETHANOL,N,N-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,N,N-DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE,2-(diethylamino)ethanol,2-(dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride,2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride,2-diethylaminoethanol,2-diethylaminoethanol hydrochloride,2-diethylaminoethanol hydrochloride, 14C-labeled,2-diethylaminoethanol sulfate (2:1),2-diethylaminoethanol tartrate,2-diethylaminoethanol, sodium salt,DEAE,deanol hydrochloride,diethylaminoethanol,diethylethanolamine,ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, hydrochloride (1:1),ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-, hydrochloride,N,N-diethylethanolamine,2-(Diethylamino)ethanol,2-Diethylaminoethanol,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,100-37-8,N,N-Diethylethanolamine,Diethylethanolamine,DEAE,(Diethylamino)ethanol,Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-,N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol,(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,2-(Diethylamino)Ethan-1-Ol,Diethylmonoethanolamine,2-Hydroxytriethylamine,Pennad 150,Diaethylaminoaethanol,2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine,N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine,beta-Diethylaminoethanol,beta-Hydroxytriethylamine,2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol,Diethylamino ethanol,N-Diethylaminoethanol,2-N-Diethylaminoethanol,diethyl ethanolamine,DEEA,beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol,2-diethylamino-ethanol,N-(Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine,NSC 8759,N,N-Diethylaminoethanol,2-(diethylamino)-ethanol,2-N-(Diethylamino)ethanol,.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethanol,ETHANOL,2-DIETHYLAMINO,S6DL4M053U,beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol,DTXSID5021837,CHEBI:52153,.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
NSC-8759,N,N-Diethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine,DTXCID401837,ethane, 1-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-,CAS-100-37-8,Diaethylaminoaethanol [German],CCRIS 4793,HSDB 329,EINECS 202-845-2,UN2686,UNII-S6DL4M053U,-diethylamino,AI3-16309,2-Diethylamino,Diathylaminoathanol,Diethylamlnoethanol,MFCD00002850,N, N-Diethylethanolamine,beta-(Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-diethyl ethanol amine,2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686] [Corrosive],.beta.-Hydroxytriethylamine,EC 202-845-2,SCHEMBL3114,2-Diethylaminoethanol, 9CI,CHEMBL1183,Diaethylaminoaethanol(german),2-(diethylamino)-1-ethanol,MLS002174251,2-(N,N-diethylamino)-ethanol,2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, 99%,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [HSDB],N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,NSC8759,HMS3039I08,2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, >=99%,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [MART.],WLN: Q2N2 & 2,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [WHO-DD],N-(hydroxyethyl)-N,N-diethyl amine,Tox21_201463,Tox21_300037,BBL012211,STL163552,2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [MI],2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, >=99.5%,AKOS000119883,UN 2686,NCGC00090925-01,NCGC00090925-02,NCGC00090925-03,NCGC00253920-01,NCGC00259014-01,A 22,BP-20552,SMR001261425,VS-03234,DB-012722,D0465,NS00006343,2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686] [Corrosive],D88192,2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, purum, >=99.0% (GC),Q209373,2-Diethylaminoethanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile,J-520312,Diethyl ethanolamine Diethylaminoethanol 2-Hydroxytriethylamine,InChI=1/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H


2-diethylaminoethanol appears as a colorless liquid.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol has Flash point 103-140 °F.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is Less dense than water.

Vapors of 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is heavier than air.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

2-diethylaminoethanol is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is a member of ethanolamines, a tertiary amino compound and a primary alcohol.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is functionally related to an ethanolamine.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol derives from a hydride of a triethylamine.


Diethylethanolamine (DEAE) is the organic compound with the molecular formula (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH.
A colorless liquid, is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of chemical commodities such as the local anesthetic procaine.


APPLICATIONS OF 2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL:
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol (DEEA) can be used as a co-solvent with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and sulfolane to investigate the CO2 absorption and desorption behavior in aqueous solutions.
Additionally, DEAE is used to prepare N-substituted glycine derivatives and these compounds are used in the synthesis of peptides and proteins.

2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol reacts with 4-aminobenzoic acid to make procaine.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is a precursor for DEAE-cellulose resin, which is commonly used in ion exchange chromatography.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol can decrease the surface tension of water when the temperature is increased.[3]
Solutions of 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol absorb carbon dioxide (CO2).

2-(Diethylamino)ethanol can be used as a precursor chemical to procaine.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is used for the synthesis of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and as a catalyst for the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry.
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is also used as a pH stabilizer.



USE AND EMISSION SOURCES 1 2 3 4:
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of emulsifying agents, specialty soaps and other chemicals for applications in:
Pharmaceutical industry
pesticides
the paper
leather products
plastics
anti-rust products
the paintings
the textile
cosmetics
surface coatings...


PREPARATION OF 2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL:
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is prepared commercially by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene oxide.[4]
(C2H5)2NH + cyclo(CH2CH2)O → (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol is also possible to prepare it by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene chlorohydrin.[5


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL:
vapor density
4.04 (vs air)
Quality Level
100
vapor pressure
1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay
≥99.5%
expl. lim.
11.7 %
refractive index
n20/D 1.441 (lit.)
bp
161 °C (lit.)
density
0.884 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
CCN(CC)CCO
InChI
1S/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChI key
BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
117.19
Beilstein:
741863
Chemical formula C6H15NO
Molar mass 117.192 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Ammoniacal
Density 884 mg mL−1
Melting point −70 °C; −94 °F; 203 K[1]
Boiling point 161.1 °C; 321.9 °F; 434.2 K
Solubility in water miscible[1]
log P 0.769
Vapor pressure 100 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD) 1.441–1.442
CAS number 100-37-8
CE index number 603-048-00-6
CE number 202-845-2
Hill formula C₆H₁₅NO
Chemical formula (C₂H₅)₂NCH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass 117.19 g/mol
Code SH 2922 19 52
Boiling point 163 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.88 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 0.7%(V)
Flash point 50 °C
Ignition temperature 270 °C
Fusion point -68 °C
pH value 11.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 1 hPa (20 °C)
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 0.883 - 0.885
Water (K. F.) ≤ 0.30 %
Identity (IR) passes test
Molecular Weight
117.19 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
0.3
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
117.115364102 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
117.115364102 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
23.5Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
8
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
43.8
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
vapor pressure
1.9 hPa ( 20 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
≥99.0% (GC)
form
liquid
autoignition temp.
270 °C
potency
1300 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
1109 mg/kg LD50, skin (Rabbit)

expl. lim.
0.7 % (v/v)
pH
11.5 (20 °C, 100 g/L in H2O)
bp
163 °C/1013 hPa
mp
-68 °C
transition temp
flash point 51 °C
density
0.88 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.
2-30°C
InChI
1S/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChI key
BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Storage Temperature
RT
European Com.#
202-845-2
Hazmat Ship
Check subsku for hazmat
Purity
>99%
Appearance color
Clear, colorless
Appearance form
Liquid
Molecular Formula
C6H15NO
Molecular Weight
117.19
Density
0.884 g/mL at 25°C
Melting point
-70°C
Boiling point
161°C
Solubility (@ RT)
Solubility in water: Soluble
Solubility in other solvents: Soluble in alcohol, ether and benzene
Melting Point -70°C
Density 0.883
pH 11.5
Boiling Point 161°C to 163°C
Flash Point 52°C (125°F)
Odor Amine-like
Linear Formula (CH3CH2)2NCH2CH2OH
Refractive Index 1.4415
Quantity 1000 mL
UN Number UN2686
Beilstein 741863
Sensitivity Air and light sensitive; Hygroscopic
Merck Index 14,3112
Solubility Information It is miscible in water.
Molecular Weight (g/mol) 117.192
Formula Weight 117.19
Percent Purity 99%
Chemical Name or Material 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is colorless or slightly yellow liquid with ammonia odor.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has a role as a curing agent and a radical scavenger.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a tertiary amine and a member of ethanolamines.

CAS Number: 3635-74-3
Molecular Formula: C9H9NO3.C4H11NO
Molecular Weight: 268.3089
EINECS Number: 2228587

2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol, Deanol, N,N-Dimethylethanolamine, 108-01-0, Dimethylethanolamine, Dimethylaminoethanol, 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL, Norcholine, DMAE, Bimanol, Liparon, Varesal, N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol, Propamine A, DMEA, Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, (2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine, Kalpur P, Dimethylmonoethanolamine, Dimethylaminoaethanol, N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, Amietol M 21, N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol, N-Dimethylaminoethanol, Texacat DME, N,N-Dimethyl ethanolamine, 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol, Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine, Dimethylaethanolamin, Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol, N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine, Demanol, Demanyl, N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, (Dimethylamino)ethanol, beta-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine, beta-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol, 2-(Dimethylamino) ethanol, 2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu, 2-Dimethylamino-ethanol, N,N-Dimethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine, NSC 2652, CCRIS 4802, N-(Dimethylamino)ethanol, Oristar dmae, HSDB 1329, N,N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, Tegoamin DMEA, EINECS 203-542-8, Dabco DMEA, UNII-2N6K9DRA24, 2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol, Deanol [BAN], BRN 1209235, 2N6K9DRA24, DIMETHYL MEA, AI3-09209, CHEBI:271436, NSC-2652, N,N'-Dimethylethanolamine, 2-(dimethylamino)-ethanol, (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH, CHEMBL1135, .beta.-(Dimethylamino)ethanol, .beta.-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine, .beta.-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol, DTXSID2020505, NSC2652, EC 203-542-8, Phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine, Deanol (BAN), MFCD00002846, n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-n,n-dimethylamine, N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL (DMAE), NCGC00159413-02, Tonibral, N,N-Dimethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine, DEANOL (MART.), DEANOL [MART.], DTXCID00505, rexolin, CAS-108-01-0, Dimethylaethanolamin [German], Dimethylamino ethanol, Dimethylaminoaethanol [German], 2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu [Polish], 2-Dimethylamino ethanol, UN2051, Ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-, N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine, 2-dimethylamino, N,N Dimethyl 2 hydroxyethylamine, Jeffcat DMEA, Dimethylethanoiamine, Toyocat -DMA, dimethyl ethanolamine, dimethyl-ethanolamine, DIMETHOL, Paresan (Salt/Mix), dimethyl ethanol amine, THANCAT DME, 2-dimethyamino-ethanol, n,n-dimethylethanolamin, Biocoline (Salt/Mix), beta-dimethylaminoethanol, N,N dimethylaminoethanol, DEANOL [WHO-DD], DEANOL [MI], N,N-dimethyl-ethanolamine, N,N-dimethylamino ethanol, N,N-dimethylethanol amine, N,N-dimethylethanol-amine, (n,n-dimethylamino)ethanol, 2-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine, 2-Dimethylaminoethanol [UN2051] [Corrosive], beta-(Dimethylamino)ethanol, beta -(dimethylamino)ethanol, DIMETHYL MEA [INCI], Dimethylaminoaethanol(german), N,N-Dimethylethanolamine (2-Dimethylaminoethanol), Choline chloride (Salt/Mix), Luridin chloride (Salt/Mix), beta -hydroxyethyldimethylamine, N,N-Dimethylethanolamine/DMEA, beta -dimethylaminoethyl alcohol, DMAE1549, 2-(N,N-dimethyl amino)ethanol, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethanol, N-hydroxyethyl-N,N-dimethylamine, 2-(N,N-dimethyl amino) ethanol, beta -(dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol, 2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylethanaminium, B-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL, WLN: Q2N1 & 1, 2-Dimethylaminoethanol, >=99.5%, BCP22017, CS-M3462, N,N-Dimethyl-beta-hydroxyethylamine, .beta.-(Dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol, N, N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, Tox21_113163, Tox21_201821, Tox21_302844, BDBM50060526, N,N-Dimethyl-beta -hydroxyethylamine, N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol, redistilled, 2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHYL ALCOHOL, AKOS000118738, N,N-Dimethyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylamine, DB13352, N,N-DIMETHYLETHANOLAMINE [HSDB], RP10040, UN 2051, N, N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, NCGC00159413-03, NCGC00256454-01, NCGC00259370-01, BP-13447, N,N-Dimethyl-N-(beta -hydroxyethyl)amine, N, N-Dimethyl-N-(beta -hydroxyethyl)amine, D0649, NS00001173, D07777, DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL, (CORROSIVE LIQUID), 2-Dimethylaminoethanol [UN2051] [Corrosive

The synthesis of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) by the ethylene oxide method is obtained by the ammonification of dimethylamine with ethylene oxide, which is distilled, refined and dehydrated.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is bifunctional, containing both a tertiary amine and primary alcohol functional groups.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a colorless viscous liquid.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is miscible with water, ethanol, benzene, ether and acetone.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in skin care products for improving skin tone and also taken orally as a nootropic.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is prepared by the ethoxylation of dimethylamine.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE), commonly known as Deanol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H11NO.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is an organic compound that belongs to the class of alkanolamines.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a tertiary amine and has two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, along with an ethyl group attached to the carbon adjacent to the nitrogen.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a precursor to other chemicals, such as the nitrogen mustard 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride.
The acrylate ester, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) acrylate is used as a flocculating agent.
Related compounds are used in gas purification, e.g. removal of hydrogen sulfide from sour gas streams.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is an organic chemical compound from the group of alkylated amino alcohols .
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is closely related to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine via choline (the trimethylethanolammonium cation).
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is an intermediate product of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries .

The bitartrate salt of DMAE, i.e. 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE), is sold as a dietary supplement.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a white powder providing 37% DMAE.
Animal tests show possible benefit for improving spatial memory and working memory.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is produced industrially by reacting dimethylamine with ethylene oxide at temperatures of 125-160 ° C and pressures of 15-30 bar in the presence of catalytic amounts of water in liquid-cooled double-jacket tube reactors.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is bifunctional, containing both a tertiary amine and primary alcohol functional groups.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a colorless viscous liquid.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in skin care products for improving skin tone and also taken orally as a nootropic.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is prepared by the ethoxylation of dimethylamine.

Deanol is commonly referred to as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) or dimethylethanolamine (DMEA).
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) holds tertiary amine and primary alcohol groups as functional groups.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been used in the treatment of attention deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, autism, and tardive dyskinesia.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been also used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a fishlike odor.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has a role as a curing agent and a radical scavenger.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a tertiary amine and a member of ethanolamines.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a compound that many people believe can positively affect mood, enhance memory, and improve brain function.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)’s also thought to have benefits for aging skin.
While there aren’t many studies on 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE), advocates believe it may have benefits for several conditions, including: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is naturally produced in the body.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)’s also found in fatty fish, such as salmon, sardines, and anchovies.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is thought to work by increasing production of acetylcholine (Ach), a neurotransmitter that’s crucial for helping nerve cells send signals.
Ach helps regulate many functions controlled by the brain, including REM sleep, muscle contractions, and pain responses.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may also help prevent the buildup of a substance called beta-amyloid in the brain.
Too much beta-amyloid has been linked to age-related decline and memory loss.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)’s impact on Ach production and beta-amyloid buildup may make it beneficial for brain health, especially as age.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can be synthesized through the reaction of dimethylamine with ethylene oxide.
This reaction results in the formation of a tertiary amine, where two methyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom and an ethyl group is attached to the adjacent carbon.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) finds various industrial applications due to its properties as a versatile amine.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is commonly used as a catalyst or a reactant in chemical reactions, particularly in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and corrosion inhibitors.
In cosmetics and personal care products, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is utilized as an ingredient in formulations such as skin care products, hair care products, and toiletries.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can act as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, or conditioning agent in these formulations.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has gained attention in the field of nootropics and cognitive enhancement.
Some individuals use Deanol-containing supplements for its potential to improve cognitive function, memory, and focus.
However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and more research is needed to determine its effectiveness and safety for cognitive enhancement purposes.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is regulated by various regulatory bodies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is important to adhere to regulations and guidelines regarding its use in different applications to ensure safety and compliance.
While Deanol is generally regarded as safe when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines, it is essential to handle it with care due to its potential hazards.

Proper safety precautions, such as wearing appropriate personal protective equipment and following handling instructions, should be observed when working with this compound.
Research on 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) continues to explore its potential applications and properties. Studies may focus on its chemical reactivity, biological effects, and potential uses in various industries, contributing to ongoing advancements in science and technology.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has previously been investigated as a stimulant and treatment for several neurological diseases, including tardive dyskinesia (TD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and senile dementia.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is an amino alcohol.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is the main product formed during the amination of ethylene glycol by dimethylamine on alumina supported copper in a continuous fixed-bed reactor.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been reported to be the putative precursor of acetylcholine.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is effect as a skin-firming and anti-wrinkle agent has been studied.
Microwave spectrum of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been investigated.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is effect as an organic additive on deposition and anti-reflective properties of porous CaF2 has been studied.

Removal of the benzyl ester groups by transesterification with 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) from benzyl protected tripeptides has been reported.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a transparent, pale yellow liquid and primary alcohol that is used as a building block for the synthesis of cationic flocculants and ion exchange resins.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is also used used as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, and emulsifiers and as an additive to boiler water, paint removers, and amino resins.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is bifunctional, containing both a tertiary amine and primary alcohol functional groups.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a colorless viscous liquid.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in skin care products.
First, application of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) to human healthy volunteers dates back to the 1960s when 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) was reported to exert stimulating effects comparable to amphetamine.
Murphree et al. (1960) described improved concentration, increased muscle tone and changed sleeping habits in healthy males (21–26 years) with an intake of 10–20 mg 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) (or Deanol) daily for 2–3 weeks compared to a placebo group.

In later studies, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) was hypothesized as an acetylcholine (ACh) precursor and therefore tested in diseases that are considered to be linked to the cholinergic system.
However, results of several studies were inconclusive and a systematic review could not confirm the positive effects of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) or other cholinergic compounds in patients with TD.
In addition, in vivo experiments showed that 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is not methylated to choline and does not alter brain ACh levels.

Interestingly, in both acute and chronic seizure models in rats, a conjugate of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) and valproate (DEVA) was shown to be more potent than valproate alone, potentially by facilitation of valproate transport via the blood brain barrier.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is commonly referred to as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) or dimethylethanolamine (DMEA).
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) holds tertiary amine and primary alcohol groups as functional groups.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been used in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, autism, and tardive dyskinesia.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been also used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is commonly referred to as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) or dimethylethanolamine (DMEA).

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) holds tertiary amine and primary alcohol groups as functional groups.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been used in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, autism, and tardive dyskinesia.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been also used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) and comes with molecular formula of C4H11NO and molecular weight of 89.13624.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) works as anti-depressive agent and is also used for treating movement disorders.
Available in colorless liquid form, it has amine odor with boiling point of 135 DEG C 758 MM HG, melting point of -59 DEG C, density/specific gravity of 0.8866 @ 20 DEG C/4 DEG C.

The chemical has miscible solubility with water, ether, acetone & benzene.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has a role as a curing agent and a radical scavenger.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a tertiary amine and a member of ethanolamines.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is commonly referred to as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) or dimethylethanolamine (DMEA).
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) holds tertiary amine and primary alcohol groups as functional groups.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been used in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, autism, and tardive dyskinesia.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been also used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is prepared by the ethoxylation of dimethylamine.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a precursor to other chemicals, such as the nitrogen mustard 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride.
The acrylate ester is used as a flocculating agent.Related compounds are used in gas purification, e.g. removal of hydrogen sulfide from sour gas streams.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a white powder providing 37% DMAE.

Melting point: −70 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 134-136 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.886 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.03 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 100 mm Hg ( 55 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.4294(lit.)
Flash point: 105 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: alcohol: miscible(lit.)
form: Liquid
pka: pK1:9.26(+1) (25°C)
color: Clear colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Amine like
PH Range: 10.5 - 11.0 at 100 g/l at 20 °C
PH: 10.5-11 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit 1.4-12.2%(V)
Water Solubility: miscible
FreezingPoint: -59.0℃
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,2843
BRN: 1209235
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, copper, copper alloys, zinc, acids, galvanised iron. Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.55 at 23℃

Some research suggests that it may modulate levels of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and cognition.
However, the exact mechanisms of action and their significance in cognitive function are still not fully understood.
Upon ingestion, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is metabolized in the body.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) undergoes processes such as oxidation and conjugation, leading to the formation of various metabolites.
Understanding its metabolic pathways is important for assessing its safety and potential health effects.
While 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is generally considered safe when used appropriately, excessive intake or exposure may lead to adverse effects.

Some reported side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea and stomach upset.
Additionally, there have been concerns about potential liver toxicity associated with high doses, although more research is needed to confirm these effects.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may interact with other substances, medications, or supplements.

Individuals taking medications or supplements should consult healthcare professionals before using 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)-containing products to avoid potential interactions or adverse effects.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is available in various formulations, including oral supplements, topical creams, and liquid solutions.
The concentration and form of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) in these products may vary, influencing its absorption, bioavailability, and effectiveness.

Despite its potential benefits, research on Deanol faces challenges, including variability in study designs, inconsistent findings, and a lack of standardized protocols.
Addressing these challenges is essential for advancing scientific understanding and establishing evidence-based recommendations regarding its use.
Regulatory agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)-containing products based on scientific evidence.

Compliance with regulatory requirements ensures that 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) meet quality standards and are safe for consumer use.
Consumers should be aware of the limitations of available evidence and exercise caution when using Deanol-containing products, particularly those marketed for cognitive enhancement.
Consulting healthcare professionals and reputable sources can help individuals make informed decisions about its use.

In cosmetics, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is often incorporated into formulations targeting skin care and hair care products.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can act as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, or humectant, contributing to the stability, texture, and moisturizing properties of these products.
Some formulations may claim to have firming or toning effects on the skin due to 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)'s potential to enhance skin elasticity.

These acid-base reactions are exothermic.
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.

Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may react vigorously with oxidizing materials.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used as a corrosion inhibitor; pharmaceutical intermediate; in making dyestuffs, textiles, pharmaceuticals; emulsifiers in paints and coatings.

Also, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been used as a medication in the treatment ofbehavioral problems of children.
When administered orally, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) acetamidobenzoate (the therapeutic salt formulation) has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier (HSDB 1988).
Two other studies have examined the pharmacokinetics of dimethylaminoethanol in rats and healthy adults.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a chemical that can be converted into choline.
While the exact mechanisms underlying 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)'s purported cognitive-enhancing effects are not fully understood, some hypotheses suggest that it may influence cholinergic neurotransmission.
Cholinergic pathways play a crucial role in memory, attention, and learning processes.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)'s interaction with these pathways may modulate neurotransmitter levels and neuronal activity, affecting cognitive function.
Ongoing research continues to explore 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)'s potential therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action.
Studies may investigate its effects on neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and neurotransmitter systems to elucidate its role in cognitive function and neurological disorders.

Additionally, clinical trials assessing 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)'s efficacy and safety in specific populations, such as older adults or individuals with cognitive impairments, are warranted.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is sometimes included as an ingredient in combination products, alongside other compounds purported to have cognitive-enhancing effects.
These products may contain vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, or herbal extracts, aiming to synergistically improve cognitive function.

However, the efficacy of such combinations should be evaluated through rigorous scientific research.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)-containing products marketed for cognitive enhancement often attract public interest, particularly among individuals seeking ways to support brain health and cognitive performance.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is important for consumers to critically evaluate marketing claims and seek evidence-based information from reliable sources when considering the use of these products.

Regulatory agencies oversee the safety and labeling of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE)-containing products to ensure compliance with regulations.
Manufacturers are responsible for conducting safety assessments, adhering to labeling requirements, and providing accurate information to consumers.
Regulatory oversight helps safeguard public health and prevent misleading claims or unsafe practices in the marketplace.

Educational resources, such as scientific literature, reputable websites, and healthcare professionals, can provide valuable information about 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) and its potential effects.
Consumers and healthcare providers can use these resources to make informed decisions about its use, weighing potential benefits against risks and considering individual health needs and preferences.

Choline is involved in a series of reactions that form acetylcholine, a chemical that is found in the brain and other areas of the body.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a "neurotransmitter" that helps nerve cells communicate.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer disease, autism, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
The exact mass of the compound 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is 89.0841 and the complexity rating of the compound is unknown.
The solubility of this chemical has been described as greater than or equal to 100 mg/ml at 73° f (ntp, 1992)11.22 mmiscible with watermiscible with alcohol, ethermiscible with acetone, benzene1000 mg/mlsolubility in water: miscible.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been submitted to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for testing and evaluation and the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center (NSC) number is 2652.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) belongs to the ontological category of tertiary amine in the ChEBI Ontology tree.
The United Nations designated GHS hazard class pictogram is Flammable;Corrosive;Irritant, and the GHS signal word is DangerThe storage condition is described as Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) use and application categories indicated by third-party sources: Fire Hazards -> Corrosives, Flammable - 2nd degree.
However, this does not mean 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can be used or applied in the same or a similar way.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been studied for its potential biological effects, including its interaction with neurotransmitter systems in the brain.

Uses:
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used as corrosion inhibitor, anti-scaling agent, paint additive, coating additive and solids separation agent.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is also used as an intermediate for active pharmaceutical ingredients and dyes.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) serves as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins.

Further, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used as an additive to boiler water.
In addition to this, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used therapeutically as a CNS stimulant.
MEA is also known as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE).

Studies indicate skin-firming properties, and an ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles as well as dark circles under the eyes.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is considered anti-aging, and antiinflammatory, and has exhibited free-radical scavenging activity.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may be employed as a ligand in the copper-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and iodides.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used as a chemical intermediate for antihistamines and local anesthetics; as a catalyst for curing epoxy resins and polyurethanes; and as a pH control agent for boiler water treatment.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may be used as a ligand in the copper-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and iodides.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, coating products, polymers, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, lubricants and greases and adhesives and sealants.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in the following areas: building & construction work, offshore mining and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and metals.
Other release to the environment of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in the following products: polymers, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, formulation in materials, in the production of articles and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in the following products: polymers, coating products and paper chemicals and dyes.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and building & construction work.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products, fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles and plastic products.

Release to the environment of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, formulation in materials, for thermoplastic manufacture and as processing aid.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a precursor to other chemicals, such as the nitrogen mustard 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in gas purification.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is bitartrate salt is sold as a dietary supplement.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) has been also used as an ingredient in skin care.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in Mood-enhancing products.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is utilized in organic synthesis reactions due to its amine functionality, contributing to the formation of complex molecules.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is employed as a component in corrosion inhibitor formulations, particularly in industries where metal corrosion poses a significant challenge.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) helps mitigate corrosion by forming a protective layer on metal surfaces, thereby extending the lifespan of equipment and infrastructure.

In certain chemical reactions, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can function as a catalyst, accelerating the rate of reaction without being consumed in the process.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) facilitates the conversion of reactants into desired products and may enhance reaction efficiency in various industrial processes.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is incorporated into cosmetic formulations, including skin care products, hair care products, and toiletries.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can serve multiple functions in these formulations, such as adjusting pH, emulsifying ingredients, and providing moisturizing or conditioning effects.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is a common ingredient in some dietary supplements marketed for cognitive enhancement or brain health.
These supplements often claim to support memory, focus, and mental clarity, although scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited and controversial.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is studied for its potential therapeutic effects in various health conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairments.
Research explores its mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and potential benefits as a treatment adjunct or therapeutic agent.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can be used as an additive in polymer formulations to impart desired properties, such as enhanced flexibility, adhesion, or resistance to degradation.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may improve the performance of polymeric materials in applications ranging from adhesives and coatings to plastics and composites.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) serves as a solvent or co-solvent, facilitating the dissolution of substances and aiding in the production of formulations or chemical mixtures.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is solvent properties make it valuable in applications such as cleaning, degreasing, and extraction processes.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can act as a surfactant, lowering the surface tension between two substances and promoting their mixing or dispersion.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) finds application in formulations such as detergents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants in various industrial and household products.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may be used as a dyeing assistant, leveling agent, or softening agent to improve the processing and quality of textile materials.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can enhance dye uptake, uniformity of coloration, and fabric handle, contributing to the production of high-quality textiles.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is utilized in gas treatment processes, particularly in the removal of acidic gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas and biogas streams.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can react with acidic components to form stable salts or complexes, thereby purifying the gas for various industrial applications.

In the printing industry, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may be incorporated into ink formulations as a solvent or additive to enhance print quality, adhesion, and drying characteristics.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can help optimize ink performance and improve the printing process in applications such as offset printing, flexography, and gravure printing.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is sometimes added to metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and coolants, to improve lubricity, thermal stability, and corrosion protection during machining, grinding, and metal forming operations.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) enhances tool life, surface finish, and overall machining efficiency in metalworking processes.
In photographic applications, Deanol may be used in the formulation of developers, fixing agents, and other processing chemicals.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) plays a role in the development and stabilization of photographic images, contributing to the production of high-quality prints in traditional and digital photography.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can serve as a catalyst or blowing agent in the production of polyurethane foams.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) promotes the polymerization reaction and facilitates the formation of cellular structures, leading to the production of flexible or rigid foams with desired properties such as density, resilience, and thermal insulation.
In water treatment and detergent formulations, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may act as a sequestering agent or chelating agent, binding to metal ions and preventing their precipitation or interference with chemical processes.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) helps improve water quality, prevent scale formation, and enhance the performance of cleaning products.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used in the synthesis of synthetic resins, including epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, and acrylic resins.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) contributes to the polymerization process, crosslinking reactions, or resin modification, leading to the production of resins with specific properties suitable for coatings, adhesives, and composite materials.

In coatings and paint formulations, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may be employed as a coalescing agent or viscosity modifier in waterborne systems.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) aids in film formation, film integrity, and flow properties, allowing for the production of environmentally friendly coatings with excellent performance and durability.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can be utilized in wood preservation treatments to enhance the resistance of timber and wood products against decay, fungi, and insects.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) penetrates wood fibers, inhibits microbial growth, and prolongs the service life of wood structures in outdoor or humid environments.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) may have additional applications in diverse industries, including adhesives, sealants, lubricants, agricultural chemicals, and electronic materials.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is multifunctional properties and compatibility with various substrates make it valuable in addressing specific performance requirements across different industrial sectors.

2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) serves as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.
However, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) in the salt form, (i.e. dimethylaminoethanol acetamidobenzoate) is primarily utilized therapeutically as an antidepressant.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is used as an aid for dispersing color pigments in water-based paints .

Furthermore, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is required as an intermediate product or starting material for the production of dyes , emulsifiers , corrosion inhibitors , textile auxiliaries, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals .
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is said to have a variety of positive effects, including nootropic effects , but there is a lack of clear evidence for this.
One author reports increased lucid dreams after using 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE).

Health Hazard Of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE):
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) is classified as a mild skin irritant and a severe eye irritant.
Doses as high as 1200 mg daily produce no serious side effects and a single dose of 2500 mg taken in a suicide attempt had no adverse effects.
Inhalation of the vapor or mist can cause irritation to the upper respiratory tract.

Asthmatic symptoms have been reported.
Extremely irritating; may cause permanent eye injury. Corrosive; will cause severe skin damage with burns and blistering.
Ingestion may cause damage to the mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract.

Safety Profile Of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE):
Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes.
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials.
Ignites spontaneously in contact with cellulose nitrate of high surface area.

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, foam, CO2, dry chemical.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) causes increased blood pressure.
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE) can cause stomach upset, headaches & muscle tension.

Can lead to drowsiness, confusion and irritability.
A skin and severe eye irritant.
Used medically as a central nervous system stimulant.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a mild surfactant commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos and shower gels, known for its skin and hair conditioning properties.
Derived from vegetables and first discovered as an extract of sugar beets, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate creates a rich lather that improves the quality and stability of foam, making it easier to cut through oil and dirt.
Unlike sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is considered safer and gentler, nourishing the skin and hair while also acting as an effective cleansing and conditioning agent.

CAS Number: 683-10-3
EC Number: 211-669-5
Molecular Formula: C16H33NO2
Molecular Weight: 271.44

Synonyms: 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate, 683-10-3, Lauryl betaine, Dodecylbetaine, Laurylbetain, Lauryl-N-betaine, Lauryldimethylbetaine, N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylbetaine, (Carboxylatomethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium, UNII-Y4P927Q133, Lauryl dimethyl glycine, 1-Dodecanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, inner salt, N-DODECYL-N,N-DIMETHYLGLYCINATE, C16H33NO2, Y4P927Q133, Culveram cdg, Anfoterico LB, Obazoline LB, Desimex I, Genagen LAB, Product DDN, Bister ML, Nissan Anon BL, Amipol 6S, Empigen BB/L, Amphitol 20BS, Amphitol 24B, Anon BL, Rewoteric AM-DML, Ambiteric D 40, Anhitol 24B, Dimethyllaurylbetaine, Dodecyldimethylbetaine, Anon BL-SF, Betadet DM 20, Nissan Anon BL-SF, Rikabion A 100, Swanol AM 301, Lauryl-N-methylsarcosine, Rewoteric AM-DML 35, Lauryldimethylammonioacetate, N,N-Dimethyldodecylbetaine, C12BET, BS 12 (betaine surfactant), (Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate, N,N-Dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine, Lauryldimethylaminoacetic betaine, (Dodecyldimethylammonio)ethanoate, Betaine lauryldimethylaminoacetate, Dimethyllaurylaminoacetate betaine, BS 12, EINECS 211-669-5, N-Lauryl-N,N-dimethyl-alpha-betaine, 2-[dodecyl(dimethyl)azaniumyl]acetate, Glycine, dodecyldimethylbetaine (6CI), BRN 3670807, N,n-Dimethyl-N-laurylglycine inner salt, alpha-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)-omega-acetate, DSSTox_CID_21266, DSSTox_RID_82033, DSSTox_GSID_46978, (Lauryldimethylammonio)Acetate, SCHEMBL594518, CHEMBL1232088, DTXSID6041266, N-Carboxymethyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanaminium inner salt, [dodecyl(dimethyl)ammonio]acetate, (Carboxymethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt, 2-(dodecyldimethylazaniumyl)acetate, N-(Carboxymethyl)-N-lauryldimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt, Tox21_301433, 0534AC, MFCD00084742, 1-Dodecanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, AKOS016010279, CS-W010094, DB07631, NCGC00256099-01, CAS-66455-29-6, FT-0670748, V1522, EN300-41676, (Lauryldimethylammonio)acetate, >=95% (HPLC), N-(Alkyl C10-C16)-N,N-dimethylglycine betaine, EMPIGEN(R) BB detergent, ~30% active substance, W-109593, Q27096852, EMPIGEN(R) BB detergent, ~35% active substance in H2O, UNII-03DH2IZ3FY component DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N, N,N-Dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine betaine, 30% active substance in H2O, Ammonium, (carboxymethyl)dodecyldimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt (7CI,8CI)

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a mild ingredient and has skin and hair conditioning properties, this makes it an excellent ingredient to use in products. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a hair and skin conditioner, a mild surface-active agent (surfactant) and works well in shampoo, shower gel or any cleansing product.

Surfactants are part water-soluble and part oil-soluble, allowing the oil and water to become dispersed.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate also assists in creating a rich lather, improving the quality and stability of foam making it easier for it to cut through oil and dirt.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a clear or light-yellow liquid which is derived from vegetables. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate was first discovered when it was extracted from sugar beet.

In chemical terms, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a zwitterion, or an inner salt. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has the molecular formula C16H33ClNNaO2 and is known by several other names including laurylbetain, lauryldimethyl betaine, lauryldimethylbetaine and sodium dodecyldimethylbetaine. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetates CAS number is 683-10-3.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is usually used as a surface agent, or surfactant. 
Surfactants are compounds which are used in many personal body care products as they lower the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid, allowing you to wash away dirt, makeup, pollution, skin oils and fats from your skin.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate helps separate grease from water, making it useful in shampoos and soaps.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate’s often used as a surfactant in organic and natural cosmetics such as shampoo, shower gel and skin cleansers as it’s considered more natural and gentle than some other surfactants.

Many natural cosmetics companies add 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate to their products as an alternative to one particular surfactant called sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS).

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate dissolves easily in water or oil and helps create a rich lather that makes it easier for products to cut through oil and dirt, while leaving skin soft.
Derived from vegetables, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a clear or pale yellow liquid used that was first discovered as an extract of sugar beets. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate's a mild surfactant that is commonly considered a hair and skin conditioner.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a clear or light-yellow liquid which is derived from vegetables. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate’s often used as a surfactant in organic, natural, vegan, zero-waste or plastic-free cosmetics such as shampoo, shower gel and skin cleansers.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has Antistatic, Surfactant, Hair conditioning, Skin conditioning, Cleansing properties.

Unlike SLS, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is considered to be much safer, gentler, and can actually help nourish the skin and hair instead of stripping away the goodness.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is an excellent viscosity builder and gelling agent. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has hard water tolerance permits equally good foaming in hard and soft water. 

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is stable in high-electrolyte solutions and will help solubilize other surfactants into these systems. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is also stable in acidic and alkaline conditions, functioning as cationic in acid media and as anionic in alkaline.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a mild amphoteric surfactant and is compatible with anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has skin and hair conditioning properties, and creates excellent, stable foam. 
Derived from vegetables, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a clear or pale yellow liquid that dissolves easily in water or oil, and helps create a rich lather that makes it easier for products to cut through oil and dirt.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a surfactant used in cleaning and personal care products for its ability to clean soils, as well as thicken cleaning formulas and stabilize foam.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate as an amphoteric surfactant carries both positive and negative charges and should be able to generate stable foam through electrostatic interaction with nanoparticles and co-surfactants.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is anti-static, hair conditioning, skin conditioning, surfactant, cleansing agent, and foam booster.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a mild ingredient and has skin and hair conditioning properties, this makes it an excellent ingredient to use in personal care products.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a hair and skin conditioner, a mild surface-active agent (surfactant) and works well in shampoo, shower gel or any cleansing product.

Derived from vegetables, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a clear or pale yellow liquid that was first discovered as an extract of sugar beets. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a mild surface-active agent (or surfactant) that is commonly considered a hair and skin conditioner.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate, derived from vegetables, is a clear or pale yellow liquid that was first discovered as a sugar beet extract. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a mild surfactant (or surfactant) commonly considered a hair and skin conditioner.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a mild ingredient and has skin and hair conditioning properties, making it an excellent ingredient to use in products. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a hair and skin conditioner, a mild surfactant (surfactant) that works well with shampoo, shower gel, or any cleanser.

Surfactants are partly soluble in water and partly in oil, which allows the oil and water to disperse. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate also helps create a thick foam by improving the quality and stability of the foam, making it easier to pass through oil and dirt.

Surfactants help cleanse your skin and hair by mixing water with oil and dirt so 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate can be washed off. 
In this respect, they act as detergents (soaps) and are therefore found in bath products, skin cleansers, and hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners and sprays.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate contains lauryl alcohol (1-dodecanol) as an alcoholic component.
Betaines are organic compounds (amphoteric surfactants) that have both a positive and a negative charge in their molecular structure; are therefore uncharged on the outside.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a mild amphoteric surfactant and is compatible with anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has skin and hair conditioning properties, and creates excellent, stable foam.
Derived from vegetables, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a clear or pale yellow liquid that dissolves easily in water or oil, and helps create a rich lather that makes 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate easier for products to cut through oil and dirt.

Amphoteric surfactants have dual functional groups (both acidic and basic groups) in the same molecule. 
They are polar solvents that have a high solubility in water but a poor solubility in most organic solvents.

They are electrically neutral but carries positive and negative charges on different atoms in an aqueous solution. 
Depending on the composition and conditions of pH value, the substances can have anionic or cationic properties. 

In the presence of acids, they will accept the hydrogen ions but they will donate hydrogen ions to the solution in the presence of bases, which balances the pH.
Such actions make buffer solutions which resist change to the pH. 

In the detergency ability amphoteric surfactants which change their charge according to the pH of the solution affects properties of foaming, wetting and detergentcy through a surface action that exerts both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. 
In biochemistry amphoteric surfactant is used as a detergent for purifying, cleansing and antimicrobial effects. 
Alkylbetains and aminoxides are amphoteric surfactants.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has several functions, most often it is:
An antistatic agent, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetates role is to avoid and / or reduce static electricity.
A skin care agent, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetates role is to keep the skin in good condition.

A cleansing agent, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetates role is to clean the skin or hair.
A hair conditioner, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetates role is to improve the appearance and feel of the hair, leaving the hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and / or giving volume, light, shine, texture, etc.
A surfactant, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetates role is to help other ingredients, which normally do not mix, to dissolve or disperse into each other in order to evenly distribute the product during its use.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is component enabling the formation of an emulsion. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a physicochemical form that is created by combining (mixing) the water phase with the oil phase. 

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is examples of cosmetic emulsions are creams, lotions, lotions. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is foaming substance, stabilizing and improving the quality of foam in a mixture with anionic surfactants. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate acts as a rheology modifier (i.e. improves the consistency causing an increase in viscosity) in washing preparations containing anionic surfactants, thanks to the formation of the so-called mixed micelles. 

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate soothes the possible irritating effects of anionic surfactants on the skin. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has an antistatic effect on the hair, prevents static.

Thanks to this, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate conditions, i.e. softens and smoothes the hair. 
The moisturizing substance facilitates the contact of the cleaned surface with the washing solution, which facilitates the removal of impurities from the surface of the skin and hair.
A washing substance, removes impurities from the surface of the hair and skin.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate works well in shampoos and conditioners, shower gels and other cleansing products.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has anti-static properties.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a superb viscosity builder and rheological modifier.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is able to withstand high water hardness and allows equally good foaming in both hard and soft water formulations.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is stable in high-electrolyte solutions and functions as solubilizer for other surfactants into these formulations.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate made from vegetable sources.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is environmentally safe.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has good washing and foaming effect. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is able to be widely used as surfactants with good compatibility.

Laury dimethylaminoacetic acid betaine (Carboxylatomethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium is an important raw material for shampoo, shower gel, soap, detergent and some other chemical products.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has a good soft, antistatic, dispersion, disinfection abilities. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate could be utilized as fiber, fabric softener, blending wool rinsing agent commodities.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate can be used to manufacture personal washing products, such as shampoo, bubble bath, facial cleanser, etc.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is especially suitable for application in baby shampoo, baby bubble bath and baby skin care products. 
In hair and skin care formulations 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is an excellent soft conditioner.

Uses of 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is widely used in middle and high grade shampoos and body washes.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is the main ingredient for preparing mild baby shampoos, baby foam baths, and baby skin care products.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is an excellent soft conditioner in hair care and skin care formulations.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate can also be used as a detergent, Wetting agent, thickener, antistatic agent and bactericide, etc.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is an amphoteric surfactant derived from N-dodecyl-N,N-dialkanol amine with protein denaturing potency. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is mainly used in shampoo, personal hygiene products and oil field chemicals.

Antistatic:
Reduces static electricity by neutralizing electrical charge on a surface.

Cleaning Agent:
Helps keep a clean surface.

Hair conditioner:
Leaves hair manageable, supple, soft and shiny and / or confers volume, lightness and shine.

Skin care agent:
Keeps the skin in good condition.

Surfactant:
Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the uniform distribution of the product during its use.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is an amphoteric surfactant derived from N-dodecyl-N,N-dialkanol amine with protein denaturing potency. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is mainly used in shampoo, personal hygiene products and oil field chemicals

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a skin-conditioning agent. 
In hair care, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is used as an anti-static conditioning agent and a foam booster.

Cosmetic use:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is low irritation to skin and eye with high foam ability and good foam stability. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is good stability in hard water. 

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is no dry tact after shampooing. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is good compatibility with other surfactants.

Applications of 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is emulsifying agent, dispersing agent.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is foaming agent, foam stabilizing agent.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is thickening agent.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is antistatic agent.

Personal care products:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is conditioning agent, antistatic agent, cleansing agent, foam boosting agent, viscosity controlling agent in personal care products.

Textile:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is antistatic agent, softening agent in textile, leather, fiber.

Household detergents:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is thickening agent, foaming agent, foam stabilizing agent in household cleaning.

Industrial cleaning:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is thickening agent, foaming agent, foam stabilizing agent in industrial cleaning, vehicle cleaning.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is used for Hair dye, Hair cleansing, Skin cleansing and other conditions.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is widely used in middle and high grade shampoos and body washes.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is the main ingredient for preparing mild baby shampoos, baby foam baths, and baby skin care products.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is an excellent soft conditioner in hair care and skin care formulations.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate can also be used as a detergent, Wetting agent, thickener, antistatic agent and bactericide, etc.

Characteristics of 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is good compatibility with anionic, cationic, nonionic and other amphoteric surfactants.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has good softness, rich and stable foam.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has perfect decontamination, conditioning, antistatic performance, good adjustment of viscosity.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate retains stable within a wide range of pH values, and low irritation to skin and eye.
Added in shampoo, 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is matched with other active matter, and brings forth obvious conditioning and thickening effects.

Other Characteristics: 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has excellent emulsifying, dispersing, foaming, foam stabilizing, antistatic, solubilizing, wetting, permeating abilities. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has mild surfactant. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate can reduce the irritation of the other surfactants. 

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has resistance to hard water. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has excellent compatibility.

Benefits of 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate:

Mildness:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is less irritating compared to other surfactants, making it suitable for use in products for sensitive skin and baby products.

Compatibility:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate works well with anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants, allowing for flexible formulation options.

Biodegradability:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly choice.

Features of 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has resistant, high temperature, in the 240-320g lye rapid wetting and penetration.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate can enhance the luster of the long-lasting fabric.

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate can be used as a penetrant for other strong alkali media.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a gentle surfactant, nourishes the skin and hair, so 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is an effective component of shampoos, shower gels and any skin cleansing products. 

2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate improves the quality and stability of the foam. 
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is mainly used in shampoos, personal care products and shower gels.

Safety profile of 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate:
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is a safe ingredient for both skin and hair.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate has a low risk of skin irritation and is non-comedogenic, meaning it does not clog pores or cause acne.

While any side effects and allergic reactions are rare, a patch test is recommended for sensitive skin.
2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate is also free from parabens and is suitable for vegans and those following a halal lifestyle.

Identifiers of 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate:
CAS Number: 683-10-3
Chem/IUPAC Name: (Carboxylatomethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium
EINECS/ELINCS No: 211-669-5
COSING REF No: 34954

IUPAC Name: N-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethylglycine
CAS Number: 683-10-3
Molecular Formula: C16H33NO2
Molecular Weight: 271.44 g/mol
SMILES Notation: CCCCCCCCCCCCN+(C)CC(=O)[O-]

Properties of 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate:
Appearance: Clear to slightly yellow liquid
Odor: Mild characteristic odor
Molecular Weight: 271.44 g/mol
Solubility: Soluble in water
pH (10% aqueous solution): Typically ranges from 5.0 to 7.0
Boiling Point: >100°C (212°F) (decomposes)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid at room temperature)
Density: Approx. 1.05 g/cm³ at 25°C

Specifications of 2-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)acetate:
Appearance: Clear to slightly yellow liquid
Odor: Mild characteristic odor
Active Content: 28-32%
pH (10% solution): 5.0 - 7.0
Color (Gardner Scale): Max 5
Density: 1.05 - 1.10 g/cm³ at 25°C
Free Amine Content: Max 0.5%
Sodium Chloride: Max 6.0%
Molecular Weight: 271.44 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C16H33NO2

Microbiological Specifications:
Total Plate Count: Max 100 CFU/g
Yeast and Mold: Max 10 CFU/g
Pathogens: Negative for E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is a highly effective rubber accelerator used in the vulcanization process to enhance the properties of rubber products.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is known for its ability to improve the elasticity, tensile strength, and heat resistance of rubber, making it suitable for various industrial applications.
The chemical formula for 2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is C11H12N2OS2, and it is widely utilized across multiple industries for its efficient performance in rubber manufacturing.

CAS Number: 102-77-2
EC Number: 203-049-8

Synonyms: Morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole, MBS, Accelerator NOBS, 2-(Morpholinodithio)benzothiazole, 2-(4-Morpholinylthio)-benzothiazole, MBT, N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, Vulcanization Accelerator NOBS, 2-Morpholinothio-benzothiazole, 2-Morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole



APPLICATIONS


2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is extensively used as an accelerator in the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is particularly favored in the production of tires, providing excellent scorch safety and improved curing speed.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is utilized in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products such as hoses, belts, and seals, enhancing their durability and performance.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is widely used in the production of automotive rubber components, including gaskets, weatherstrips, and vibration dampening products, ensuring optimal performance.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for footwear, providing superior flexibility, wear resistance, and comfort.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is essential in the rubber industry for the production of conveyor belts, improving their tensile strength and longevity.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is utilized in the creation of rubberized fabrics, offering improved elasticity and durability for industrial and consumer applications.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is a key component in the manufacture of rubber-based adhesives and sealants, contributing to their strong bonding capabilities and long-term performance.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is employed in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds used in high-performance applications, ensuring consistent quality and durability.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is applied in the production of rubber products for the construction industry, such as rubber mats and protective coatings, enhancing their resistance to environmental factors.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is used in the production of rubber sheets and films, improving their flexibility, tear resistance, and tensile strength.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is utilized in the manufacturing of rubber insulation materials, providing enhanced thermal stability and resistance to aging.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is found in the production of rubber seals and O-rings, ensuring their durability and resistance to harsh environmental conditions.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is used in the automotive industry for the production of high-performance rubber hoses, contributing to their heat resistance and long service life.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for anti-vibration products, offering excellent shock absorption and resilience.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is utilized in the production of specialty rubber compounds for the aerospace industry, ensuring high performance under extreme conditions.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is used in the manufacturing of rubber components for marine applications, providing resistance to saltwater corrosion and UV exposure.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is found in the production of rubber grommets and bushings, enhancing their flexibility, wear resistance, and long-term performance.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is employed in the creation of rubber linings for industrial equipment, offering enhanced resistance to abrasion and chemical exposure.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is used in the production of rubber components for mining applications, providing superior durability, impact resistance, and longevity.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-pressure hydraulic seals, ensuring their long-term stability and performance under demanding conditions.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is used in the production of rubber profiles for construction joints, providing enhanced sealing properties and durability.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is employed in the manufacturing of rubber components for railway applications, contributing to their wear resistance and durability under heavy loads.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is utilized in the production of rubber components for oil and gas exploration, ensuring their performance and resistance to high-pressure environments.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is found in the formulation of rubber compounds for industrial rollers, offering improved wear resistance, load-bearing capacity, and longevity.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is used in the creation of specialty rubber compounds for high-temperature applications, ensuring their stability and performance in extreme conditions.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is a key component in the production of rubber components for heavy machinery, enhancing their durability and resistance to harsh environments.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is employed in the production of rubber components for industrial valves, offering improved sealing properties, chemical resistance, and long-term reliability.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for electrical insulation, ensuring their stability, safety, and long-term performance.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is used in the production of rubber belts and drive systems, enhancing their flexibility, load-bearing capacity, and service life.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is found in the manufacturing of rubber components for the food and beverage industry, ensuring compliance with safety standards and long-term durability.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for medical applications, offering biocompatibility, sterilizability, and performance under stringent conditions.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is employed in the creation of rubber linings for storage tanks, providing resistance to chemical corrosion and long-term durability.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is utilized in the production of rubber components for agricultural machinery, offering durability, resistance to wear, and performance in demanding conditions.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-performance automotive parts, providing enhanced heat resistance, wear resistance, and overall performance.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is a key ingredient in the production of rubber components for the electronics industry, ensuring their stability, durability, and long-term performance.



DESCRIPTION


2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is a highly effective rubber accelerator used in the vulcanization process to enhance the properties of rubber products.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is known for its ability to improve the elasticity, tensile strength, and heat resistance of rubber, making it suitable for various industrial applications.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is a versatile chemical compound used in various rubber applications.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole provides excellent scorch safety, allowing for extended processing times without compromising the quality of the final product.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is essential in the production of high-performance rubber products, contributing to their strength, resilience, and resistance to wear.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is widely used in the automotive industry, where it enhances the performance and durability of rubber components.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is also employed in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products, including hoses, seals, and gaskets, ensuring their long-term reliability and performance.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is a critical accelerator in the vulcanization process, providing optimal curing and improving the overall quality of rubber compounds.

2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is recognized for its stability, effectiveness, and versatility in a wide range of rubber applications, from automotive components to industrial products.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is essential in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds, providing consistent performance and long-term reliability.
2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is a key ingredient in the production of rubber materials used in demanding environments, ensuring their resistance to extreme conditions and prolonged use.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C11H12N2OS2
Common Name: 2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow powder
Density: 1.38 g/cm³
Melting Point: 83-86°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in benzene, chloroform, and acetone
Flash Point: 230°C
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; decomposes at high temperatures
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store below 25°C in a dry, well-ventilated area
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If 2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of dust or vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling 2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Avoid generating dust. Sweep up and collect the material for disposal in a sealed container.

Storage:
Store 2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating dust or aerosols.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where dust or vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store 2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store 2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling 2-(Morpholinothio)-Benzothiazole to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

DESCRIPTION:
2-(Morpholinothio)-benzothiazole is used as a chemical in the rubber industry, especially in the production of synthetic rubber articles.
2-(Morpholinothio)-benzothiazole Is contained in the "mercapto mix".
As a corrosion inhibitor, 2-(Morpholinothio)-benzothiazole can be found in cutting fluids or in releasing fluids in the pottery industry.



CAS No. 102-77-2
European Community (EC) Number 203-052-4
Chemical Name: 2-(Morpholinothio)benzothiazole
Molecular Formula C11H12N2OS2






SYNONYMS OF 2-(MORPHOLINOTHIO)-BENZOTHIAZOLE:
MBS;OBS;NOBS;MORPHOLINOTHIOBENZOTHIAZOLE;OBTS;OMTS;Santocure MOR;N-Oxydiethyl-2-benzthiazolsulfenamid;Rubber Accelerator NOBS/N-Oxydiethylent-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide;AMAX,MMBT,morpholinyl mercaptobenzothiazole,morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole,N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide,OBTS,102-77-2,2-(Morpholinothio)benzothiazole,4-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)morpholine,Sulfenamide M,Morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole,MOR,Sulfenax MOR,Vulcafor BSM,Vulkacit MOZ,NOBS Special,Usaf cy-7,AMAX,Accel NS,4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)morpholine,Meramide M,2-(4-Morpholinothio)benzothiazole,Delac MOR,Morpholine, 4-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-,2-(4-Morpholinylthio)benzothiazole,N-Oxydiethylenebenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,2-(4-Morpholinylmercapto)benzothiazole,N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,4-(2-Benzothiazolylthio)morpholine,2-Benzothiazolesulfenemorpholide,N-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,Benzothiazolyl-2-sulfenmorpholide,Benzothiazole, 2-(4-morpholinylthio)-,2-(4-Morpholino)thiobenzothiazole,2-Benzothiazolylsulfenyl morpholine,2-Morpholinothiobenzothiazole,BENZOTHIAZOLE, 2-(MORPHOLINOTHIO)-,2-Benzothiazolyl N-morpholino sulfide,-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazylsulfenamide,2-Benzothiazolylsulfenylmorpholine,2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-morpholinyl-,N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide,N-(Oxodiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,N,N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,NSC 70078,N,N-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,2-(morpholin-4-ylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole,NSC-70078,VCD7623F3K,(2-Morpholinothio)benzothiazole,DTXSID0021096,Morpholinylmercapto-benzo-thiazole,NSC70078,NCGC00042523-02,NCGC00042523-03,2-(morpholin-4-ylthio)-1,3-benzothiazole,N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,Vulcafor SSM,N,N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,Cure-rite OBTS,DTXCID201096,Meramid M,CAS-102-77-2,CCRIS 4911,HSDB 2867,EINECS 203-052-4,BRN 0191684,UNII-VCD7623F3K,AI3-27134,Accelerator NC,2-(Morpholinthio)-benzothiazole,4-(2-Benzothiazolylthio)-morpholine,NOBS,OBTS,2-(4-Morpholino)thiobenzothiazole [HSDB],EC 203-052-4,NCIOpen2_003384,SCHEMBL79658,4-27-00-01868 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),MLS000055410,CHEMBL1530581,MHKLKWCYGIBEQF-UHFFFAOYSA-,2-morpholinosulphenyl-benzothiazole,HMS1760H22,HMS2163A20,HMS3323A19,2-(4-morpholinothio)-benzothiazole,4-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-morpholin,Tox21_110976,2-morpholin-4-ylsulfanylbenzothiazole,MFCD00022870,2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-morphol,AKOS001025507,Tox21_110976_1,DB14202,2-(MORPHOLINOTHIO)-BENZOTHIAZOLE,WLN: T56 BN DSJ CS-AT6N DOTJ,BS-42257,N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,SMR000066103,2-(4-Morpholinylthio)-1,3-benzothiazole,HY-139432,CS-0201154,M0532,NS00004147,E78169,2-(4-Morpholinylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole #,EN300-1726082,A896704,Q-200146,BRD-K97360717-001-07-6,Q27291760,Z56821717,InChI=1/C11H12N2OS2/c1-2-4-10-9(3-1)12-11(15-10)16-13-5-7-14-8-6,13/h1-4H,5-8H2,4-(2-Benzothiazolylthio)morpholine,(2-Morpholinothio)benzothiazole,102-77-2 [RN],2-(4-Morpholinothio)benzothiazole,2-(4-Morpholinylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name],2-(4-Morpholinylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole [ACD/IUPAC Name],2-(4-Morpholinylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name],2-(4-Morpholinylthio)-1,3-benzothiazole,2-(Morpholin-4-ylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole,2-(MORPHOLINOTHIO)-BENZOTHIAZOLE,203-052-4 [EINECS],2-Morpholinothiobenzothiazole,Benzothiazole, 2- (morpholinothio)-,Benzothiazole, 2-(4-morpholinylthio)- [ACD/Index Name],Morpholine, 4- (2-benzothiazolylthio)-,MORPHOLINYLMERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE,[102-77-2] [RN],108251-60-1 [RN],2-(4-Morpholino)thiobenzothiazole,2-(4-Morpholinothio)-benzothiazole,2-(4,Morpholinylmercapto)benzothiazole,2-(4-Morpholinylthio)benzothiazole,2-(morpholin-4-ylthio)-1,3-benzothiazole,2-(morpholinothio)-1,3-benzothiazole,2-(Morpholinothio)benzothiazole,2-(Morpholinthio)-benzothiazole,2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-morphol,2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-morpholinyl-,2-Benzothiazolesulfenemorpholide,2-Benzothiazolyl N-morpholino sulfide,2-benzothiazolyl-n-morpholinosulfide,2-Benzothiazolylsulfenyl morpholine,2-Benzothiazolylsulfenylmorpholine,2-morpholin-4-ylsulfanyl-1,3-benzothiazole,2-morpholin-4-ylthiobenzothiazole,2-morpholinosulfanyl-1,3-benzothiazole,2-thiophenecarboxylic,acid hydrazide,31440-29-6 [RN],35309-99-0 [RN],4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)morpholine,4-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)morpholine,40860-79-5 [RN],4-27-00-01868 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein],97%,Accel NS,Accelerator NC,AMAX,Benzothiazole, 2-(morpholinothio)-,benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, N-(oxydiethylene)-,Benzothiazolyl-2-sulfenmorpholide,Cure-rite OBTS,Delac MOR,DL5950000,EINECS 203-052-4,MBS,Meramide M,Morpholine, 4-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-,N-(Oxodiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,N-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,N-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazylsulfenamide,N, N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,N, N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,N, N-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,N,N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,N,N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,N,N-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,Nobs special,N-Oxydienthylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide,N-Oxydiethyl-2-benzthiazolsulfenamid,N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide,N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,N-Oxydiethylenebenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,OBTS,Santocure MOR,Sulfenamide M,Sulfenax mob,Sulfenax MOR,T0507-2701,Vulcafor BSM,Vulcafor SSM,Vulkacit MOZ,WLN: T56 BN DSJ CS-AT6N DOTJ



2-(Morpholinothio)-benzothiazole induces mainly delayed-type hypersensitivity, but a case of immediate-type hypersensitivity was reported in a dental assistant.

Morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.
The physiologic effect of morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity.




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-(MORPHOLINOTHIO)-BENZOTHIAZOLE:
Melting point 78-80°C
Boiling point 413.1±55.0 °C(Predicted)
Density 1.34-1.40
vapor pressure 0.001Pa at 25℃
refractive index 1.5650 (estimate)
storage temp. Sealed in dry,2-8°C
solubility Acetone (Slightly, Heated, Sonicated), Chloroform (Slightly)
form Solid
pka 1.05±0.10(Predicted)
color White to Pale Yellow
Odor buff to brn. flakes, sweet odor
LogP 3.4 at 25℃ and pH7
Dissociation constant -6.82-2.65 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference 102-77-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances N-(OXYDIETHYLENE)BENZOTHIAZOLE-2-SULFENAMIDE
FDA 21 CFR 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores 1-2
FDA UNII VCD7623F3K
NIST Chemistry Reference Morpholine, 4-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-(102-77-2)
EPA Substance Registry System Benzothiazole, 2-(4-morpholinylthio)- (102-77-2)
Molecular Weight
252.4 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
2.7
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
5
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
252.03910536 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
252.03910536 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
78.9Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
16
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
236
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Product Number M0532
Purity / Analysis Method >97.0%(GC)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight C11H12N2OS2 = 252.35
Physical State (20 deg.C) Solid
Storage Temperature Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
CAS RN 102-77-2
Reaxys Registry Number 191684
PubChem Substance ID 87572568
MDL Number
MFCD00022870
CAS
102-77-2
Color
White-Yellow
MDL Number
MFCD00022870
UN Number
3077
InChI Key
MHKLKWCYGIBEQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)morpholine
PubChem CID
7619
Percent Purity
≥97.0% (GC)
Chemical Name or Material
2-(Morpholinothio)benzothiazole
Melting Point
86°C
Molecular Formula
C11H12N2OS2
Quantity
25 g
Synonym
N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide
SMILES
C1COCCN1SC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3S2
Molecular Weight (g/mol)
252.35
Formula Weight
252.35
Physical Form
Crystalline Powder



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2-(MORPHOLINOTHIO)-BENZOTHIAZOLE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) is an organic molecule that is widely used in scientific research.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has been studied for its potential applications in a variety of areas, including organic synthesis, drug discovery, and biochemistry.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has been found to possess a wide range of biological and chemical properties, making it an attractive compound for further research.

CAS: 102-77-2
MF: C11H12N2OS2
MW: 252.36
EINECS: 203-052-4

In this paper, the synthesis method, scientific research applications, mechanism of action, biochemical and physiological effects, advantages and limitations for lab experiments, and future directions for MTBT will be discussed.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) is used as a chemical in the rubber industry, especially in the production of synthetic rubber articles.
Is contained in the "mercapto mix".
As a corrosion inhibitor, 2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) can be found in cutting fluids or in releasing fluids in the pottery industry.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) induces mainly delayed-type hypersensitivity, but a case of immediate-type hypersensitivity was reported in a dental assistant.

2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 78-80°C
Boiling point: 413.1±55.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.34-1.40
Vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.5650 (estimate)
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,2-8°C
Solubility: Acetone (Slightly, Heated, Sonicated), Chloroform (Slightly)
Form: Solid
pka: 1.05±0.10(Predicted)
Color: White to Pale Yellow
Odor: buff to brn. flakes, sweet odor
LogP: 3.4 at 25℃ and pH7
Dissociation constant: -6.82-2.65 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 102-77-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole)(102-77-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) (102-77-2)

Scientific Research Applications
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has been studied for its potential applications in a variety of scientific research areas.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has been used as a substrate for the synthesis of a variety of compounds, including drugs, polymers, and dyes.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has also been used as a reagent for the synthesis of organosulfur compounds and as a catalyst for the synthesis of polymers.
In addition, 2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has been used as a reagent for the synthesis of organic compounds, such as amines and alcohols.

Mechanism of Action
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has been found to possess a wide range of biological and chemical properties.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole)'s mechanism of action is not yet fully understood, although it is believed to interact with proteins and enzymes in the body.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) is believed to bind to specific proteins and enzymes, resulting in changes in their activity.
This may lead to changes in the body’s biochemical and physiological processes, resulting in a variety of effects.

Biochemical and Physiological Effects
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has been found to possess a wide range of biochemical and physiological effects.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has been found to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial properties.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has also been found to possess anti-cancer, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties.
In addition, 2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) has been found to possess neurotoxic effects, as well as effects on the cardiovascular and immune systems.

Advantages and Limitations for Lab Experiments
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) is an attractive compound for use in laboratory experiments due to its wide range of biological and chemical properties.
2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) is relatively easy to synthesize and can be used in a variety of experiments.
However, 2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) is important to note that 2-(Morpholinothio)benzothiazole is toxic and can be dangerous if not handled properly.
Additionally, 2-(morpholinothio)-benzothiazole) is important to note that 2-(Morpholinothio)benzothiazole is not approved for human or animal use and should only be used in laboratory experiments.

Synonyms
102-77-2
2-(Morpholinothio)benzothiazole
4-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)morpholine
Sulfenamide M
Morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole
Santocure MOR
Sulfenax MOR
Vulcafor BSM
Vulkacit MOZ
NOBS Special
Usaf cy-7
AMAX
Accel NS
4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)morpholine
Meramide M
2-(4-Morpholinothio)benzothiazole
Delac MOR
Morpholine, 4-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-
2-(4-Morpholinylthio)benzothiazole
2-(4-Morpholinylmercapto)benzothiazole
N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide
4-(2-Benzothiazolylthio)morpholine
N-Oxydiethylenebenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide
2-Benzothiazolesulfenemorpholide
N-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide
Benzothiazolyl-2-sulfenmorpholide
Benzothiazole, 2-(4-morpholinylthio)-
2-(4-Morpholino)thiobenzothiazole
2-Benzothiazolylsulfenyl morpholine
2-Morpholinothiobenzothiazole
BENZOTHIAZOLE, 2-(MORPHOLINOTHIO)-
2-Benzothiazolyl N-morpholino sulfide
N-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazylsulfenamide
2-Benzothiazolylsulfenylmorpholine
2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-morpholinyl-
N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide
N-(Oxodiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide
N,N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide
NSC 70078
N,N-(Oxydiethylene)benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide
NSC-70078
VCD7623F3K
(2-Morpholinothio)benzothiazole
DTXSID0021096
Morpholinylmercapto-benzo-thiazole
NSC70078
NCGC00042523-02
NCGC00042523-03
2-(morpholin-4-ylthio)-1,3-benzothiazole
N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide
Vulcafor SSM
2-(morpholin-4-ylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole
N,N-(Oxydiethylene)-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide
Cure-rite OBTS
DTXCID201096
Meramid M
CAS-102-77-2
CCRIS 4911
HSDB 2867
EINECS 203-052-4
BRN 0191684
UNII-VCD7623F3K
AI3-27134
Accelerator NC
2-(Morpholinthio)-benzothiazole
4-(2-Benzothiazolylthio)-morpholine
NOBS
OBTS
2-(4-Morpholino)thiobenzothiazole [HSDB]
EC 203-052-4
NCIOpen2_003384
SCHEMBL79658
4-27-00-01868 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS000055410
CHEMBL1530581
MHKLKWCYGIBEQF-UHFFFAOYSA-
2-morpholinosulphenyl-benzothiazole
HMS1760H22
HMS2163A20
HMS3323A19
2-(4-morpholinothio)-benzothiazole
4-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-morpholin
Tox21_110976
2-morpholin-4-ylsulfanylbenzothiazole
MFCD00022870
2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-morphol
AKOS001025507
Tox21_110976_1
DB14202
2-(MORPHOLINOTHIO)-BENZOTHIAZOLE
WLN: T56 BN DSJ CS-AT6N DOTJ
BS-42257
N-Oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide
SMR000066103
2-(4-Morpholinylthio)-1,3-benzothiazole
CS-0201154
FT-0608683
M0532
E78169
2-(4-Morpholinylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole #
EN300-1726082
A896704
Q-200146
BRD-K97360717-001-07-6
Q27291760
Z56821717
InChI=1/C11H12N2OS2/c1-2-4-10-9(3-1)12-11(15-10)16-13-5-7-14-8-6-13/h1-4H,5-8H2

2,2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is a cutting-edge chemical compound designed as an accelerator in the rubber industry.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) boasts a CAS number of 239446-62-9, emphasizing its unique chemical identity.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) serves as an ultra-fast accelerator, offering improved efficiency in the vulcanization process.

CAS Number: 239446-62-9
EC Number: 427-180-7



APPLICATIONS


2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) serves as a highly efficient accelerator in the rubber industry.
Its primary application lies in expediting the vulcanization process of rubber compounds.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is designed as an ultra-fast accelerator, SAA-30 significantly reduces curing times in rubber manufacturing.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is specifically formulated to address concerns related to N-nitrosamine and type IV allergic responses.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is adept at overcoming challenges associated with conventional accelerators, making it a versatile alternative.

Its role extends to both production and application environments, ensuring a safer overall process.
As a primary or secondary accelerator, SAA-30 seamlessly replaces traditional thiurams or dithiocarbamates in rubber formulations.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) excels in enhancing the cross-linking of rubber without acting as a vulcanizing agent.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is supplied in a convenient 50% polymer masterbatch form, simplifying its incorporation into rubber formulations.
Manufacturers appreciate its efficiency in improving the physical and mechanical properties of rubber products.
The accelerator's ability to function without sulfur cross-linking makes it particularly advantageous in specific applications.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s environmental considerations contribute to its appeal as a "safer" accelerator option in the rubber industry.
Its use aligns with regulatory standards, being registered under the REACH Regulation within the European Economic Area.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s confidentiality of tonnage data underscores its significance and competitiveness in the market.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s molecular design plays a crucial role in minimizing the risk of allergic responses during and after rubber processing.
Rubber manufacturers value SAA-30 for its ability to improve the efficiency of the overall curing system.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s innovative features make it a promising solution for evolving challenges in rubber technology.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) contributes to the development of more sustainable rubber processing methods.
Its application in various rubber formulations highlights its versatility in addressing specific industry needs.
Researchers explore 2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s potential applications in specialized rubber products with distinct performance requirements.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s role in mitigating environmental and health concerns positions it as a responsible choice in rubber processing.
Manufacturers can utilize 2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) to optimize production processes and enhance the quality of rubber goods.

The 25kg box packaging of 2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) makes it convenient for handling and incorporation into industrial-scale rubber production.
Rubber engineers appreciate 2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s ability to balance acceleration without compromising on the final product's integrity.
As a key component in the evolution of rubber processing technology, SAA-30 showcases the ongoing commitment to innovation and sustainability in the industry.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) plays a crucial role in optimizing the curing kinetics of rubber, leading to enhanced material properties.
Its application as a primary or secondary accelerator provides flexibility in formulating rubber compounds for various purposes.
Rubber products incorporating SAA-30 exhibit improved tensile strength and wear resistance.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s compatibility with different rubber matrices makes it suitable for a wide range of rubber formulations.
In the absence of sulfur for cross-linking, SAA-30 offers a sulfur-free option for applications where such cross-linking is undesirable.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s contribution to reducing production time aligns with efficiency goals in rubber manufacturing.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s presence in rubber formulations aids in achieving consistent and controlled vulcanization.
Its use has been recognized as an effective strategy to minimize the formation of N-nitrosamines, addressing health and environmental concerns.
Manufacturers can rely on 2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) to improve the processing safety of rubber compounds by minimizing allergenic risks.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) has found applications in the production of diverse rubber goods, including tires, belts, and industrial components.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s compatibility with existing rubber processing equipment simplifies its integration into established manufacturing processes.
Rubber compounds containing SAA-30 exhibit a reduced likelihood of causing type IV allergic responses in both production and end-use scenarios.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s role as an accelerator aligns with the goal of producing high-performance rubber materials with consistent quality.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s effectiveness allows rubber manufacturers to achieve desired material properties while minimizing environmental impact.
Its use as a replacement for conventional accelerators contributes to a more sustainable and eco-friendly rubber industry.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is a valuable tool for rubber technologists seeking to balance performance requirements with environmental and safety considerations.
In applications where sulfur-free cross-linking is crucial, SAA-30 stands out as a preferred accelerator.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s presence in rubber formulations supports the development of durable and long-lasting rubber products.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) facilitates the acceleration of vulcanization without compromising the integrity of the final rubber material.

Its effectiveness in overcoming challenges associated with traditional accelerators positions SAA-30 as a progressive solution in rubber technology.
Rubber engineers appreciate SAA-30 for its role in improving the overall efficiency of the rubber curing process.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s versatility extends to various rubber types, including natural rubber and synthetic rubber blends.

Manufacturers can benefit from SAA-30's contribution to reducing energy consumption and optimizing production costs.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is a key player in advancing the sustainability of the rubber industry, aligning with global environmental goals.
Ongoing research explores additional applications for SAA-30, highlighting its potential to address evolving challenges in rubber processing and manufacturing.



DESCRIPTION


2,2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is a cutting-edge chemical compound designed as an accelerator in the rubber industry.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) boasts a CAS number of 239446-62-9, emphasizing its unique chemical identity.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) serves as an ultra-fast accelerator, offering improved efficiency in the vulcanization process.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) has been developed with environmental considerations in mind, aiming for a safer production and application environment.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) addresses concerns related to N-nitrosamine and type IV allergic response problems, making it a promising alternative to traditional accelerators.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) functions both as a primary and secondary accelerator, showcasing its versatility in rubber processing.
Importantly, 2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) has the capability to replace conventional thiurams or dithiocarbamates on a weight-to-weight basis.
Unlike some accelerators, 2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) does not act as a vulcanizing agent, ensuring its role is focused on acceleration rather than cross-linking.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is supplied in a convenient 50% polymer masterbatch form, packaged in 25kg boxes for practical handling.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is registered under the REACH Regulation, highlighting its compliance with European chemical regulations.
Despite its regulatory registration, specific tonnage data is kept confidential to protect commercial interests.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) is characterized by its intricate molecular structure, featuring dithiodiethylammonium and dibenzyldithiocarbamate moieties.
As a polymer masterbatch, it facilitates easy incorporation into rubber formulations, streamlining the manufacturing process.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the curing and cross-linking of rubber, contributing to improved material properties.

Due to its innovative design, 2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) has the potential to revolutionize rubber processing methods and mitigate associated health and environmental concerns.
The EC number, 427-180-7, is essential for regulatory tracking and compliance within the European Economic Area.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s chemical composition is optimized to minimize the risk of allergic responses, addressing a common issue in the rubber industry.
With its sulfur-free nature, 2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) provides a unique solution for applications where sulfur-based cross-linking is undesirable.

2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30)'s performance is backed by extensive research and development efforts, ensuring reliability in various rubber formulations.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) exemplifies a balance between technological advancement and environmental responsibility in the realm of rubber processing.

The confidentiality of tonnage data underlines the compound's significance in industrial applications and competitive markets.
Its emergence signifies a commitment to advancing rubber technology with a focus on safety, efficiency, and environmental impact.
2, 2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) aligns with the principles of sustainable chemistry, offering an alternative that addresses specific challenges associated with traditional accelerators.

Manufacturers and researchers alike appreciate the compound's role in improving the overall sustainability of rubber production.
As an integral part of the rubber industry's evolution, 2,2’-dithiodiethylammonium-bis-dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SAA-30) stands as a testament to ongoing innovations in materials science.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Weight: 610.2 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 608.042675 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 608.042675 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 72.7Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 37
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 230
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air.
Provide artificial respiration if breathing is difficult.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected skin with plenty of water.
Wash thoroughly with soap and water.
Seek medical attention if irritation or symptoms occur.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious.
Seek medical attention immediately.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing to minimize skin contact and eye exposure.

Ventilation:
Use in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct contact with the substance.
Follow good industrial hygiene practices and wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Respiratory Protection:
Use respiratory protection equipment if there is a risk of inhalation exposure.
The choice of respirator type should be based on exposure levels.

Storage Compatibility:
Store away from incompatible materials, as indicated in the SDS.
This includes avoiding contact with strong acids, bases, and other reactive substances.

Handling Precautions:
Take precautions to avoid spills or releases. Use appropriate equipment for transfer and handling.

Static Electricity:
Ground containers during transfer to prevent the buildup of static electricity.

Labeling:
Ensure that containers are properly labeled with product information, hazard symbols, and safety instructions.

Training:
Ensure that personnel handling the substance are trained in the proper procedures and aware of potential hazards.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store in a cool, dry place. Follow any specified temperature ranges provided by the manufacturer.

Ventilation:
Provide adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent the accumulation of vapors.

Containers:
Store in approved containers made of compatible materials as specified in the SDS.

Segregation:
Store away from incompatible materials and keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Controlled Environment:
If necessary, store in a controlled environment with specific temperature and humidity conditions.

Light Exposure:
Protect from direct sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) light if the substance is sensitive to light.

Special Requirements:
Adhere to any special storage requirements outlined in the SDS, such as avoiding exposure to moisture or extreme temperatures.

Emergency Response:
Have appropriate emergency response equipment and materials available, such as spill control measures and first aid supplies.



SYNONYMS


14726-36-4
Zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate
Dibenzyldithiocarbamic acid zinc salt
Zinc(II) dibenzyldithiocarbamate
Dibenzyldithiocarbamic acid, zinc salt
zinc;N,N-dibenzylcarbamodithioate
Dibenzyldithiocarbamicacidzincsalt
33RO266515
Zinc bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)
UNII-33RO266515
EINECS 238-778-0
starbld0016580
EC 238-778-0
SCHEMBL78980
DTXSID20893254
(N,N-Dibenzyldithiocarbamato)zinc
AKOS015839259
Dibenzyldithiocarbamic Acid Zinc(II) Salt
CS-0205479
D0157
FT-0689257
5-chloro-2-methoxypyridin-3-yl-3-boronic?acid
zinc(2+) bis((dibenzylcarbamothioyl)sulfanide)
A854240
Q27256296
(T-4)-Bis(bis(phenylmethyl)carbamodithioato-S,S')zinc
Zinc, bis(bis(phenylmethyl)carbamodithioato-S,S')-, (beta-4)-
Zinc, bis(bis(phenylmethyl)carbamodithioato-kappaS,kappaS')-, (T-4)-

1,4-Butylene glycol; 1,4-Tetramethylene glycol; Tetramethylene glycol; 1,4-Dihydroxybutane; Butane-1,4-diol; Butanediol; 1,4-BD; Tetramethylene-1,4-diol; 1,4-BUTYLENE GLYCOL; 1,4-DIHYDROXYBUTANE; AKOS BBS-00004303; BDO; BUTANEDIOL, 1,4-; TETRAMETHYLENE GLYCOL; VERSALINK CURATIVE 1,4 BDO; 1,4-BD; 1,4-Tetramethylene; 1,4-Tetramethylene glycol; 1,4-tetramethyleneglycol; agrisynthb1d; butane,1,4-dihydroxy-; Butanediol; Butylene glycol; Dabco BDO; Diol 14B; diol14b; Sucol B CAS NO:110-63-4

2,4,6-Tris-(2,4,6-Tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-Triazine; 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine; 2,4,6-tris-(2,4,6-Tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine; Tris(tribromophenoxy)-s-triazine; 1,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy); tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine; Tris(2,4,6-tribromophenyl) Cyanurate; Cyanuric Acid Tris(2,4,6-tribromophenyl) Ester; CAS NO: 25713-60-4

dimorpholine; Einecs 229-194-7; LUPRAGEN(R) N 106; 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet; Lupragen N106 (DMDEE);Dimorpholinodiethylether; Bis (morpholinylethyl) ether; BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER cas no: 6425-39-4

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), also known as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide or 2,2'-benzothiazyl disulphide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a rubber chemical used as a vulcanization accelerant.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.

CAS Number: 120-78-5
Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4
Molecular Weight: 332.49
EINECS Number: 204-424-9

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) can be used as accelerator for general rubber.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also used as plasticizer in chloroprene rubbes1.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.

The physiologic effect of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity2.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is industry uses also include fillers, fuels and fuel additives, intermediates, process regulator, propels and blowing agents.
The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and building industries.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is usage includes tires, hoses, rubber mats, tarpaulins, unveiled silk goods, wires, cables, and other ‘non-food’ use of rubber products.

Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen as labeled by US Food and Drug Administration and can cause an allergic contact dermatitis.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is physiologic effect is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a useful compound in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) was marketed to the rubber industry under the tradename Altax(TM) by the R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. and was originally developed for safe processing of rubber compounds cured at above 142° C.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is widely used in compounds of all types for many major commercial applications.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may be carcinogenic for human.
The mortality and cancer morbidity experience of a cohort of 363 male production workers exposed to MBT while employed at a chemical factory in north Wales showed a significant excess mortality for cancers of the large intestine.

These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom).
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).

Technically 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is part of the human exposome.
The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.
An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is approved for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to achieve synergistic effects.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is commonly paired with primary accelerators like sulfenamides or thiurams to enhance the efficiency of the vulcanization process.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is primarily known for its role in the rubber industry, it has also found applications in other areas.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is sometimes used as a fungicide and biocide in agriculture and as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Regulations regarding the use, handling, and disposal of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may vary by region.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS)'s important for industries and individuals working with MBTS to be aware of and comply with relevant safety and environmental regulations.
In some cases, alternative accelerators may be used instead of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), depending on specific requirements and considerations.

The choice of accelerator can impact the processing characteristics and properties of the final rubber product.
As with any chemical, it is important to consider the environmental impact of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
Efforts are often made to minimize the release of chemicals into the environment and to explore environmentally friendly alternatives in the manufacturing processes.

Ongoing research and development efforts in the field of rubber chemistry aim to improve the efficiency of vulcanization processes and reduce the environmental impact of rubber production.
This includes exploring new accelerators and formulations that provide enhanced performance with fewer environmental concerns.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) undergoes reactions during the vulcanization process.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) linkage in MBTS can break, leading to the formation of reactive sulfur species.
These reactive sulfur species participate in cross-linking reactions with polymer chains, contributing to the formation of a network structure in vulcanized rubber.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is compatible with a variety of rubber polymers, including natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butyl rubber (IIR), and others.

The choice of accelerator can influence the properties of the final rubber product.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is known for its relatively moderate vulcanization rate.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to control the vulcanization process and achieve the desired balance of processing time and properties in the finished rubber product.

Like many chemical compounds, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and incompatible substances.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is essential to follow proper storage guidelines to maintain its stability and effectiveness.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is produced on a commercial scale, and there is global trade in this chemical.

Different manufacturers may produce MBTS, and it may be available under various brand names.
Ongoing research in the field of rubber additives and accelerators includes the development of novel compounds with improved performance, reduced toxicity, and enhanced environmental sustainability.
Researchers explore ways to optimize vulcanization processes and improve the overall efficiency of rubber manufacturing.

Individuals working with 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) should be aware of safety guidelines, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to occupational exposure limits.
Safety data sheets (SDS) provided by manufacturers contain important information regarding the safe handling, storage, and disposal of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is classified as a thiazole accelerator and is widely used in the rubber industry to accelerate the vulcanization of rubber compounds.

Vulcanization is a crucial process that imparts desirable properties such as strength, elasticity, and heat resistance to rubber products.
The optimal dosage of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) in rubber formulations depends on various factors, including the type of rubber, the presence of other accelerators or additives, and the desired properties of the final product.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) formulations are carefully designed to meet specific performance requirements.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) influences the cure characteristics of rubber compounds.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) affects parameters such as scorch time, cure time, and cure rate, which are critical in determining the processing window during manufacturing.

The vulcanization mechanism involves the cleavage of the sulfur-sulfur (S-S) bonds in 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), generating reactive sulfur species.
These reactive species form cross-links between polymer chains, transforming the rubber from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting material.

Melting point: 177-180 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 532.5±33.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.5
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5700 (estimate)
Flash point: 271°C
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 0.01g/l
form: powder to crystal
pka: -0.58±0.10(Predicted)
color: Cream to pale-yellow powder
Odor: gray-wh. to cream powd. or pellets, sl. odor
Water Solubility: Merck: 14,3370
InChIKey: AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4.5 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference 120-78-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2,2'-DITHIOBIS(BENZOTHIAZOLE)
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105; 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores: 2-3

An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) of the mercaptobenzothiazole group is used as a vulcanization accelerant.

The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and the building industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a non-staining, primary thiazole accelerator for use in natural and synthetic rubbers.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is very active at temperatures above 280°F.

Activation requires the addition of zinc oxide, a fatty acid and sulfur for cure development.
Secondary accelerators used in conjunction with 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) such as aldehyde amines, dithiocarbamates, guanidines, and thiurams will increase cure rates.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also used as a retarder in polychloroprene cure systems, as well as a retarder for peroxide cures.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and BBTS are often employed in tire vulcanization cure systems.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is commonly used as an accelerator in the rubber industry, particularly in the production of tires.

Accelerators are substances that, when added to rubber, increase the speed of vulcanization and improve the properties of the final product.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) facilitates the formation of sulfur cross-links between polymer chains in the rubber.
This cross-linking creates a three-dimensional network within the rubber matrix, imparting desirable properties such as increased strength, elasticity, and resistance to heat and aging.

The rubber industry relies on various accelerators, and 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to achieve specific performance characteristics in the final rubber product.
The choice of accelerator depends on factors such as the type of rubber being used, the desired properties of the finished product, and the processing conditions.
As with any chemical substance, safety precautions should be taken when handling 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).

This includes the use of personal protective equipment, proper ventilation, and adherence to recommended exposure limits.
The handling and disposal of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) should be in accordance with relevant regulations and guidelines to minimize potential health and environmental risks.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) during rubber vulcanization enhances various physical properties of the final product, including tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and resistance to abrasion and aging.

While 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) offers many benefits in rubber processing, there can be challenges associated with its use, such as the possibility of over-vulcanization, which may lead to reduced flexibility.
Balancing the concentration of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and other additives is crucial to achieving the desired performance characteristics.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) need to be aware of and comply with regulations related to its production, handling, and disposal.
Regulatory standards may vary by country, and 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS)'s essential to follow industry best practices to ensure safety and environmental responsibility.

Uses:
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has the potential to combat HPV, acting as a zinc-ejecting inhibitor.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) also can act as radical polymerization photo-initiators or co-initiators.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, nitrile-butadiene, butyl and styrene-butadiene rubber; a retarder for chloroprene rubber.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used as rubber accelerator, polychloroprene plasticizer/retarder, and neoprene retarder; Also used for general mechanicals and white stocks.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used as cure modifier for neoprene type W and as oxidation cure activator in butyl; Used for extruded and molded products, tires, tubes, wire, cable, and sponge; [Hawley] Workers may be exposed in metals, home, health, laboratory, and building industries.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers.

Other release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Other release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)). This substance can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators. This substance can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is primarily used as a rubber vulcanization accelerator in the production of tires and other rubber products.
The vulcanization process is essential for transforming raw rubber into a more durable and elastic material, suitable for various applications.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a crucial component in rubber vulcanization.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the cross-linking of polymer chains in the rubber matrix, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network.
This network structure enhances the mechanical properties of rubber, including strength, elasticity, and resistance to wear and aging.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is commonly employed in the production of tires.

The vulcanization process, facilitated by 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), is essential for transforming raw rubber into a durable and resilient material suitable for use in vehicle tires.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the manufacturing of various rubber products, including hoses, belts, seals, gaskets, and other molded rubber items.
The improved properties obtained through vulcanization contribute to the longevity and performance of these products.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has been used as a biocide and fungicide in agriculture.
However, its primary and more significant application remains in the rubber industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may find applications in organic synthesis for the preparation of certain organic compounds.

However, this is a less common use compared to its role in the rubber industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator used in the processing process for natural and synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also a known allergen and dermatological sensitizer.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products.
Other release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

In the context of rubber recycling, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and other accelerators used in the original rubber formulation can affect the reprocessing of rubber materials.
The presence of these additives may influence the properties of recycled rubber products.
Ongoing research focuses on developing sustainable alternatives to traditional rubber accelerators, including 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).

This involves exploring eco-friendly options that maintain or enhance performance while reducing environmental impact.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) plays a role in quality control in rubber manufacturing.
Monitoring and adjusting the concentration of accelerators, including 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), is critical to ensuring consistent product quality and performance.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may be incorporated into rubber composite materials, where rubber is combined with other materials to create composites with specific properties.
This can be relevant in industries such as automotive, construction, and aerospace.
In research and development within the rubber and polymer industries, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may be utilized as a reference or benchmark accelerator in studies investigating new formulations, curing systems, or alternative accelerators.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), along with other accelerators, may be used in the production of rubber soles for shoes.
Vulcanization improves the durability and wear resistance of the rubber, making it suitable for use in footwear.
In some adhesive formulations, particularly those involving rubber bonding, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) might be employed to modify curing characteristics and enhance the performance of the adhesive.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may find applications in the textile industry, particularly in the production of rubberized fabrics and materials where vulcanization is required for improved strength and resilience.
In certain oil and gas applications, rubber components such as seals and gaskets may be vulcanized using accelerators like 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) usage is subject to regulatory compliance and standards in the industries where it is employed.
Compliance with regulations ensures the safety of workers, consumers, and the environment.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is widely used, industries are constantly exploring alternative accelerators and formulations to meet specific requirements, improve processing efficiency, and address environmental concerns.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.

Release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid, formulation in materials and as processing aid.
The vulcanization process involving 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is known for providing rubber products with good temperature stability.
This is essential for applications where the material will be exposed to varying temperatures or extreme conditions.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS)s that require enhanced vibration damping properties, such as mounts and isolators in automotive applications, can benefit from the use of MBTS in the vulcanization process.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often included in tire tread compounds to improve wear resistance and traction.
The vulcanization process strengthens the rubber, making it suitable for the demanding conditions experienced by vehicle tires.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) adhere to industry standards and specifications to ensure the compatibility and performance of rubber products.
Standards may vary, and compliance with these standards is crucial for product reliability and safety.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is part of the global supply chain for rubber additives, and its availability can be influenced by factors such as raw material sourcing, manufacturing processes, and market demand.

Safety Profile:
Poison by intravenous andintraperitoneal routes.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) slightly toxic by ingestion.Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenicdata.

When heated todecomposition 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) emits ver.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon contact.
Direct skin contact or exposure to airborne particles can lead to irritation, redness, or discomfort.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling MBTS.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) dust or vapors may cause respiratory irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be provided in areas where MBTS is used, and respiratory protection should be employed if necessary.

Prolonged or repeated exposure to MBTS may result in sensitization, where an individual becomes allergic to the substance.
Sensitization can lead to skin allergies, respiratory issues, or other allergic reactions upon subsequent exposures.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is generally considered to have low acute toxicity, exposure to high concentrations or large amounts may have adverse effects.

Synonyms:
120-78-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole
Thiofide
Dibenzothiazyl disulfide
Benzothiazyl disulfide
Altax
Benzothiazole disulfide
MBTS
Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM
Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide
Pneumax DM
Vulcafor MBTS
Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide
Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE
Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide
Ekagom GS
Accel TM
2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM/C
1,2-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
Royal MBTS
Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-
Dibenzthiazyl disulfide
MBTS rubber accelerator
dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
Vulkacit dm/mgc
2,2'-Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
2-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2,2'-Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
BTS-SBT
Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide
2,2-dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole
Naugex MBT
Benzothiazole, dithiobis-
USAF CY-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(1,3-benzothiazole)
USAF EK-5432
CHEBI:53239
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu
Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
di(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
2,2'-Dithiobis-benzothiazole
2,2'-Dithiobis[benzothiazole]
NSC-2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazoyl disulfide
DTXSID1020146
BI-87F4
6OK753033Z
NCGC00091238-02
DTXCID70146
Caswell No. 408A
NSC 2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyldisulfide
CAS-120-78-5
Benzthiazole disulfide
CCRIS 4637
HSDB 1137
Di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu [Polish]
EINECS 204-424-9
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009202
BRN 0285796
Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
AI3-07662
2,2'-Dithio(bis)benzothiazole
Sanceler DM
UNII-6OK753033Z
Perkacit MBTS
DBTD
dibenzothiazyl disulphide
Dibenzothiazole disulfide
dibenzo thiazyl disulfide
NSC2
Epitope ID:138947
Mercaptobenzothiazolyl ether
2,2'-dithiobisbenzthiazole
EC 204-424-9
Benzothiazole,2'-dithiobis-
Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
SCHEMBL23527
4-27-00-01862 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
2,2'-Dithio-bis-benzothiazole
2,2?-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
CHEMBL508112
di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
bis(benzothiazole-2-yl)disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
Di-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-disulfide
Bis(benzothiazole-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Tox21_111106
BDBM50444458
MFCD00022874
MBTS (2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole)
AKOS001022311
BIS(2-BENZOTHIAZYL) DISULPHIDE
Tox21_111106_1
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULFIDE
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), 99%
AM91095
CS-W009852
DB14201
NSC-677459
1,2-di(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [VANDF]
NCGC00091238-01
NCGC00091238-03
2,2'-DITHIOBISBENZOTHIAZOLE [MI]
AC-11588
LS-14263
WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSS-CT56 BN DSJ
D0538
FT-0609300
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [HSDB]
D77699
EN300-7399114
SR-01000944767
2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yldithio)-1,3-benzothiazole
Q2795423
SR-01000944767-1
W-200947
Z56754489
F0900-0449
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole #

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is available commercially as a 20% active solution in a water/polyethylene glycol blend.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) as a preservative enhancer; efficacy of DBNPA; and methods of addition of DBNPA to water-based systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
A discussion on the use of a non-oxidizing, fast-acting antimicrobial agent with a short chemical half-life, in various aspects of metalworking-fluid production and utilization, presented at the 59th STLE Annual

Meeting (Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5/17-20/2004), covers lubricant degradation/stability-microbial; indirect food-contact approvals for DBNPA; decomposition pathways; microbiology.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), is a chemical compound used as a biocide or antimicrobial agent.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications, including cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, oil and gas extraction, and various other water-based systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) works by releasing bromine when it comes into contact with water, and bromine is known for its biocidal properties.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) works just like the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has been documented as a useful antimicrobial agent in a number of industrial applications, due to its rapid rate of kill at relatively low use-concentrations, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, chemical nonpersistence, and low environmental impact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is white crystals.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA).

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.
The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.

Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.
The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.

This mode of action makes 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.
This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.
This quick action is particularly advantageous in systems where prompt biocidal activity is crucial.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) typically leaves low or no residual in treated water systems, which means that its effects are relatively short-lived.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc.
The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
The solid 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is an efficient germicide for the recycling water system.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery
operations.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.

Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) in specific industries and regions.
Compliance with regulations regarding water quality, discharge, and environmental impact is essential.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates and solid forms.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used for microbial control, its environmental impact should be considered.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/or pellet form.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.

This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.
The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.

The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent biogrowth/biofouling.

One option is the chemical, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy may be influenced by the specific chemistry of the water being treated.
Factors such as water hardness, alkalinity, and the presence of other chemicals can impact the biocidal performance.

Conducting water quality analyses can help optimize 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) usage.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) itself is known for its low persistence in the environment, the breakdown products resulting from its degradation should be considered.
Understanding the biodegradability of these by-products contributes to assessing the overall environmental impact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) should be aware of potential health hazards associated with exposure.
To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) concentration in the feed water.
Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.

Only very limited information on the suitability of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.
Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with Dbnpa 20% (2,2-

Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) a higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.

The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.

Efforts should be made to minimize discharges of biocidal residues into natural water systems, and users should adhere to environmental regulations.
Regulatory requirements for 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can vary by region and industry.
Users should be aware of and comply with relevant regulations, including those related to water quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental protection.

In some cases, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other biocides or antimicrobial agents to enhance efficacy or broaden the spectrum of activity.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.

The choice of biocide or combination of biocides depends on the specific application and microbial challenges.
Regular monitoring and testing of water systems treated with 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) are essential to ensure that the desired level of microbial control is maintained.
This may involve microbial counts, water quality analysis, and other relevant tests.

Preparing chloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, dialkyl amino acrolein, amino-acetal, and methyl cyanoacetate as starting material.
Cyanoacetamide is first made and then you get the 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) biocide by Cyanoacetamide bromination.
The synthesis method of chloroacetic acid as starting material: chloroacetic acid neutralizes sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloroacetate.

Then sodium chloroacetate reacts with sodium cyanide in a butanol solution to produce sodium of cyanoacetic acid.
The concentration of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) in a formulation can vary, and it is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for proper dosing to achieve effective microbial control without overdosing.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, some microorganisms may develop resistance over time.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.
Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) in a specific application is important for optimal performance.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.
Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important.

Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.
Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.

Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.
Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other athogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) was compared to the other three biocides.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment.
At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

Compatibility testing can help prevent any undesirable interactions that might lead to corrosion or degradation of materials.
In some systems, there may be the potential for the regeneration of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), especially if it degrades or reacts with other components.
Monitoring and adjusting dosages based on water quality conditions can help maintain effective microbial control.

Effluent from industrial processes treated with 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may contain residues of the biocide.
Understanding the downstream effects on receiving waters and ecosystems is important to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.

This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.
Users should consider the compatibility of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).
Volatilization of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.
Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.

Understanding the persistence of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.

However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.
Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).

Prior to introducing 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) into a water system, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted.
This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.

Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.
The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.
Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

Uses:
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in formulating biocides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.

In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.
In the leather industry, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), in specific concentrations and formulations, may find use as a laboratory reagent for certain applications.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed to prevent microbial contamination in metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations to cool and lubricate metal surfaces.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be applied in membrane bioreactors to control microbial growth and fouling on membranes used in wastewater treatment.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.
As the biocides in broad-spectrum, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to
eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.
This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.
Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.
In the production of fuel ethanol, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications to control microbial growth in cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, and oil and gas extraction processes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used to control bacteria and other microorganisms in oil and gas production systems, including pipelines and storage tanks.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.
As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal
REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.

At the same time, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is branches can selectively brominate or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, resulting in microbial death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be arbitrarily soluble, low toxicity.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a biocide, particularly in water treatment applications.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in water treatment process.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial
circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can also be used as a slime control agent.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.
As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product integrity.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be applied to irrigation water in agricultural settings to control microbial growth, ensuring that the water used for irrigation is free from harmful microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.

In healthcare settings, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is applied in the pulp and paper industry to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the water used during the papermaking process.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in metalworking fluids to prevent bacterial and fungal growth, thereby extending the life of these fluids.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed in some formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in adhesives and sealants to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used in hydraulic fluids to prevent microbial contamination and degradation of the fluid.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to prevent microbial growth in water-based systems used in textile processing.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.

Safety Profile:
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Contact with the skin or eyes may cause redness, irritation, and discomfort.
As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling and use.

The appropriate safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer should be consulted for specific information on handling, storage, and emergency measures.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be corrosive to metals and may cause damage to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) a severe skin and eye irritant.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, when handling this chemical.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to DBNPA may lead to sensitization, where individuals may develop an allergic reaction upon subsequent exposure.

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is a colorless to yellow liquid with a moldy pungent odor.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.

CAS: 10222-01-2
MF: C3H2Br2N2O
MW: 241.87
EINECS: 233-539-7

Synonyms
2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is a fast acting, non-oxidising biocide formulation with a broad spectrum of activity.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide has been developed to control planktonic and sessile micro-organisms which form as biofilms in systems and their pre-treatment systems.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is compatible with system components and can be used with other water treatment products as part of a routine treatment and maintenance programme.

2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide Chemical Properties
Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
Solubility: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: powder to crystal
Pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
Color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820
CAS DataBase Reference: 10222-01-2(CAS DataBase Reference)

Benefits
Used as a preservative of aqueous and water miscible products
Highly efficient
Quick-kill biocides
Rapidly degrading in the environment
Good compatible with other biocides and raw materials
Very cost effective
Effective against Legionella

Uses
Water Treatment:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is employed in water treatment processes to control the growth of bacteria, algae, and fungi in industrial water systems, cooling towers, and water treatment plants.
Cooling Water Systems:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is used as a biocide in cooling water systems to prevent microbial fouling, including the growth of algae and bacteria that can lead to corrosion and reduced heat transfer efficiency.
Leather Processing:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is utilized in the leather industry as a preservative to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on raw hides and skins during processing and storage.
Paints and Coatings:
In the paint and coating industry, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is added to formulations to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage, ensuring the stability and quality of the final products.
Oilfield Applications:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide finds application in oilfield operations to control microbial growth in drilling fluids, injection water, and other systems associated with oil and gas production.
Paper and Pulp Industry:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is used in the paper and pulp industry to prevent microbiological growth in the papermaking process and on paper products.
Adhesives and Sealants:
In adhesive and sealant formulations, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide serves as a preservative to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of the products by preventing microbial contamination.
Metalworking Fluids:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is employed in metalworking fluids to control microbial growth and prevent the deterioration of these fluids during use.
Textile Industry:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide may be used in the textile industry to protect textiles and fabrics from microbial degradation during processing and storage.
Plastics Industry:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide can be incorporated into plastics formulations to prevent microbial growth on plastic surfaces and maintain the integrity of plastic products.

Chemical Synthesis:
2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide is typically synthesized through chemical processes involving the bromination of cyanoacetamide.

Synthesis Steps:

Starting Material - Cyanoacetamide:
Cyanoacetamide (H₂NC(O)CH₂CN) serves as the starting material. This compound contains a cyano (CN) and an amide (C(O)NH₂) functional group.
Bromination Reaction:
The bromination process involves introducing bromine (Br₂) into the reaction mixture. The bromine reacts with cyanoacetamide to substitute hydrogen atoms, leading to the formation of bromine-substituted cyanoacetamide.
The bromination may occur selectively at specific positions, depending on the reaction conditions and the specific reagents used.
The chemical equation for the bromination reaction is represented as follows:
H₂NC(O)CH₂CN+Br₂→2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide+By-products
H₂NC(O)CH₂CN+Br₂→2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide+By-products

Isolation and Purification:
The reaction mixture is then processed to isolate the desired product, 2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide, from impurities and by-products.
Techniques such as filtration, crystallization, or chromatography may be employed to purify the compound.
Product Characterization:
The synthesized compound is characterized using analytical techniques such as spectroscopy (e.g., NMR - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, IR - Infrared Spectroscopy) and mass spectrometry to confirm its structure and purity.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), is a chemical compound used as a biocide or antimicrobial agent.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

Synonyms: 2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications, including cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, oil and gas extraction, and various other water-based systems.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) works just like the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is white crystals.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc.
The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.

The solid 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is an efficient germicide for the recycling water system.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA).

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
Melting point 125℃, soluble in ordinary organic solvents (such as Acetone, Benzene, Dimethylformamide, Ethanol,Polyethylene glycol, etc.).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.

The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.
Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.

The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.
This mode of action makes 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.

This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.
This quick action is particularly advantageous in systems where prompt biocidal activity is crucial.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) typically leaves low or no residual in treated water systems, which means that its effects are relatively short-lived.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery operations.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.
Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in specific industries and regions.
Compliance with regulations regarding water quality, discharge, and environmental impact is essential.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates and solid forms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used for microbial control, its environmental impact should be considered.
Efforts should be made to minimize discharges of biocidal residues into natural water systems, and users should adhere to environmental regulations.

Regulatory requirements for 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can vary by region and industry.
Users should be aware of and comply with relevant regulations, including those related to water quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental protection.
In some cases, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other biocides or antimicrobial agents to enhance efficacy or broaden the spectrum of activity.

The choice of biocide or combination of biocides depends on the specific application and microbial challenges.
Regular monitoring and testing of water systems treated with 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) are essential to ensure that the desired level of microbial control is maintained.
This may involve microbial counts, water quality analysis, and other relevant tests.

Preparing chloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, dialkyl amino acrolein, amino-acetal, and methyl cyanoacetate as starting material.
Cyanoacetamide is first made and then you get the 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide by Cyanoacetamide bromination.
The synthesis method of chloroacetic acid as starting material: chloroacetic acid neutralizes sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloroacetate.

Then sodium chloroacetate reacts with sodium cyanide in a butanol solution to produce sodium of cyanoacetic acid.
The concentration of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a formulation can vary, and it is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for proper dosing to achieve effective microbial control without overdosing.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, some microorganisms may develop resistance over time.

Rotating or combining biocides with different modes of action is a common strategy to minimize the risk of resistance development.
The effectiveness of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be influenced by the pH of the water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is generally effective in a wide pH range, but the optimal pH conditions for its biocidal activity may depend on the specific formulation.

Like many chemicals, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Users should take appropriate precautions during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles.
This can be advantageous in applications where maintaining a low level of residual biocide is desirable.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/or pellet form.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation
into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.
This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.
The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent biogrowth/biofouling.
One option is the chemical, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy may be influenced by the specific chemistry of the water being treated.
Factors such as water hardness, alkalinity, and the presence of other chemicals can impact the biocidal performance.
Conducting water quality analyses can help optimize 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) usage.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) itself is known for its low persistence in the environment, the breakdown products resulting from its degradation should be considered.
Understanding the biodegradability of these by-products contributes to assessing the overall environmental impact.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be aware of potential health hazards associated with exposure.

To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) concentration in the feed water.
Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.

Only very limited information on the suitability of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.
Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) a higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.
The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) works by releasing bromine when it comes into contact with water, and bromine is known for its biocidal properties.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is available commercially as a 20% active solution in a water/polyethylene glycol blend.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
A discussion on the use of a non-oxidizing, fast-acting antimicrobial agent with a short chemical half-life, in various aspects of metalworking-fluid production and utilization, presented at the 59th STLE Annual Meeting (Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5/17-20/2004), covers lubricant degradation/stability-microbial; indirect food-contact approvals for DBNPA; decomposition pathways; microbiology.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) as a preservative enhancer; efficacy of DBNPA; and methods of addition of DBNPA to water-based systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has been documented as a useful antimicrobial agent in a number of industrial applications, due to its rapid rate of kill at relatively low use-concentrations, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, chemical nonpersistence, and low environmental impact.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
The sterilization rate can reach over 99% in 5~10 minutes.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) was compared to the other three biocides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.
Quick kill broad-spectrum microbiocide, fungicide and algaecide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment.
At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

Compatibility testing can help prevent any undesirable interactions that might lead to corrosion or degradation of materials.
In some systems, there may be the potential for the regeneration of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), especially if it degrades or reacts with other components.
Monitoring and adjusting dosages based on water quality conditions can help maintain effective microbial control.

Effluent from industrial processes treated with 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may contain residues of the biocide.
Understanding the downstream effects on receiving waters and ecosystems is important to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Prior to introducing 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) into a water system, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted.

This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.
Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.

Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a specific application is important for optimal performance.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.

Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important.
Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.

Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.
Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.
Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.
Users should consider the compatibility of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

Volatilization of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.

Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.
Understanding the persistence of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.
However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.

Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties. It has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.

The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.
Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

Uses:
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.
In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), in specific concentrations and formulations, may find use as a laboratory reagent for certain applications.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed to prevent microbial contamination in metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations to cool and lubricate metal surfaces.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be applied in membrane bioreactors to control microbial growth and fouling on membranes used in wastewater treatment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a biocide, particularly in water treatment applications.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in water treatment process.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.
In healthcare settings, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
In geothermal heating and cooling systems, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be utilized to prevent microbial fouling and contamination in the water circulating through the system.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can also be used as a slime control agent.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.
As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product integrity.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be applied to irrigation water in agricultural settings to control microbial growth, ensuring that the water used for irrigation is free from harmful microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.
As the biocides in broad-spectrum, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.

This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.

Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.
At the same time, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is branches can selectively brominate or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, resulting in microbial death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be arbitrarily soluble, low toxicity.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.
In the leather industry, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.

In the production of fuel ethanol, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications to control microbial growth in cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, and oil and gas extraction processes.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used to control bacteria and other microorganisms in oil and gas production systems, including pipelines and storage tanks.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is applied in the pulp and paper industry to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the water used during the papermaking process.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in metalworking fluids to prevent bacterial and fungal growth, thereby extending the life of these fluids.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed in some formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in adhesives and sealants to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used in hydraulic fluids to prevent microbial contamination and degradation of the fluid.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to prevent microbial growth in water-based systems used in textile processing.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.
Mainly 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as a non-food biocide within the paper industry and as preservatives for coatings and slurries.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in formulating biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.

Safety Profile:
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Contact with the skin or eyes may cause redness, irritation, and discomfort.
As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling and use.

The appropriate safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer should be consulted for specific information on handling, storage, and emergency measures.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be corrosive to metals and may cause damage to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, when handling this chemical.

Prolonged or repeated exposure to DBNPA may lead to sensitization, where individuals may develop an allergic reaction upon subsequent exposure.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) a severe skin and eye irritant.

DESCRIPTION:

DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
EC Number: 233-539-7
Preferred IUPAC name: 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide
Molecular Formula : C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight: 199.989 g per mol


2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water

2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) offers immediate action to kill bacteria, fungi, and algae for use in industrial hygiene disinfection, rapid decontamination, and clean-up raw materials and fouled solutions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a kind of wide spectrum, high efficiency, industrial germicide that can be used in paint and as an adhesive.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.
The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a white to yellow powder with mild medicinal antiseptic odor.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in paper and pulp industry.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is free from impurities and therefore used in many consumer products like inks, waxes, polishes, detergents etc.

Being broad spectrum biocide, 2,2-Dibromo-3 nitrilopropionamide is also used in industry to control fungi etc.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be stored in original container with the lid tightly closed.

DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coatingand slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.


USES OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a biocide used in a variety of industrial processes to control algae, bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Formulations include tablets and both solid and liquid soluble concentrates.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is applied through shock/slug, initial, intermittent, maintenance, during manufacture and continuous feed treatments, using metering pumps, drip feed devices and other types of industrial equipment.
A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit is required for discharges to waterways.


APPLICATIONS OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is used as The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is used as Preservatives for paints, waxes, inks, detergents, surfactants, slurries, resins.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is used as Process water, air purifier system in the machinery manufacturing industry, fungicides, and algicides in municipal water landscapes.









SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
Packed in 25 kg woven bags.
The transportation process prevents exposure and rain.
Store in a ventilated, dry place below 40°C.

Avoid freezing, heating or direct sunlight.
The product shelf life is six months.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
Chemical formula C3H2Br2N2O
Molar mass 241.870 g•mol−1
Appearance White, translucent crystals
Melting point 122 to 125 °C (252 to 257 °F; 395 to 398 K)
Physical state Liquid
Vapor pressure: 25.2 hPa (25℃)
Odor: Mild.
pH: 1.5 to 5
Color: Colorless to Brown
Flash Point: Closed cup: >100°C (>212°F)
Open cup: >=182°C (>=359.6°F) [Cleveland.]
Partition coefficient: noctanol/water
Boiling point : >70 °C (1013 hPa)
Specific gravity (Relative density): 1.25 to 1.3
Appearance White to Creamish crystalline powder.
Assay Not less than 99.0%
PH (1% in water) 4.0 to 7.0
Melting Point Between 125°C to 127°C
Water Content NMT 1.0%



Other names:
Dibromocyano acetic acid amide
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide

2,2-Dimethoxypropane or acetone dimethyl acetal or DMP is an organic compound and an alkylating reagent.
The chemical formula is C5H12O2 and the molecular formula is (CH3)2C(OCH3)2.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an organic compound that is produced by the acetylation of propylene glycol.

CAS Number: 77-76-9
EC Number: 201-056-0
Hill Formula: C5H12O2
Molar Mass: 104.15 g/mol

2,2-Dimethoxypropane or acetone dimethyl acetal or DMP is an organic compound and an alkylating reagent.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is a reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols as acetonides.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is the acetalisation product of acetone and methanol.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is commonly used as a water scavenger in water-sensitive reactions — any available water will react with 2,2-Dimethoxypropane to form acetone and methanol.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane-1,3-diol is a chemical compound with the formula CH3OCH2CO2H.

The phosphate group on this molecule can be cleaved to produce phosphoric acid and methanol.
The ring-opening polymerization reaction of this monomer produces polyesters.

This product has been shown to have lipase activity.
The acetylation of this compound gives rise to a carbonyl group, which can be hydrogenolyzed to produce dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is a colorless transparent liquid with the smell of acetone.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is moderately soluble in water, soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, n-butane, methanol.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is stable and reactive with oxidizing agents, acids.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an organic building block commonly employed as a precursor to generate 2-methoxypropene (MPP).
The degradation study of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane in ionic liquids showed the formation of MPP and 2-ethoxypropene (EPP) in an identical ratio due to the tunneling effect.

Conformational analysis of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane based on ab initio calculations and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy has been reported.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane reacts with water to produce methanol and acetone. This reaction has been employed in a method for the quantification of water in natural products by gas-liquid chromatography.
Acidified 2,2-Dimethoxypropane has been employed for the dehydration of biological samples.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane acts as a dehydrating agent.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane also serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin E, vitamin A and various carotenoids such as astaxanthin.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols, acetonides, isopropylidene derivatives of sugars, nucleosides, methyl esters of amino acids and enol ethers.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C(OCH3)2.
A colorless liquid, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane is the product of the condensation of acetone and methanol.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a water scavenger in water-sensitive reactions.
Upon acid-catalyzed reaction, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane reacts quantitatively with water to form acetone and methanol.
This property can be used to accurately determine the amount of water in a sample, alternatively to the Karl Fischer method.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is specifically used to prepare acetonides:
RCHOHCHOHCH2 + (MeO)2CMe2 → RCHCHCH2O2CMe2 + 2 MeOH

Dimethoxypropane is an intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.
In histology, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used for the dehydration of animal tissue.

Applications of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane acts as a dehydrating agent.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane also serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin E, vitamin A and various carotenoids such as astaxanthin.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols, acetonides, isopropylidene derivatives of sugars, nucleosides, methyl esters of amino acids and enol ethers.

Dehydrating Agent:
In histology, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane is considered to be more efficient than ethanol for the dehydration of animal tissue.
Acidified 2,2-Dimethoxypropane can be used as a dehydrating agent which causes rapid chemical dehydratation of biologic samples for scanning electron microscopy.

Pharma:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate, including intermediates for synthesis of vitamin E, vitamin A and various carotenoids such as astaxanthin.

Batteries:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane can be considered as a desirable additive in electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries operating at high temperature, ca. 60 °C.
The results of studies reveal that the cyclic life test and storage performance at high temperature in electrolyte with 2,2-Dimethoxypropane additive was better than that in an electrolyte without additive.

Agrochemicals:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is a value intermediate for the production of insecticides and fungicides.

Analytical Chemistry:
The well known reaction between 2,2-dimethoxypropane and water allows for the conversion of an aqueous into an organic solution ready to be injected directly into a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) system. This method is proposed for the GC-MS analysis of aqueous solutions containing hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers.

Other uses:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is intermediates of fragrances, perfumes.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols as acetonides.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is use of 2,2-dimethoxypropane and 1H-NMR to distinguish and quantify the external and internal sorbed water in coals.

Production Method of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
2,2-dimethoxypropane was synthesized by an indirect method.
The synthesis of 2,2-dimethoxypropane from 2,2 dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane (DMD) from ethylene glycol and acetone was studied.

Using dichloromethane as water-carrying agent and anhydrous ferric sulfate as catalyst, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane was synthesized after DMD was synthesized and exchanged with methanol.
The overall yield of the two-step reaction was 60%.

Safety of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection
S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition.
S33,37/39 -

Stability of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
Stable.
Highly flammable - note low flash point.
Vapour may form an explosive mixture with air.

May form explosive peroxides when exposed to air.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Identifiers of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
CAS Number: 77-76-9
ChEMBL: ChEMBL3184215
ChemSpider: 21106033
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.961
EC Number: 201-056-0
PubChem CID: 6495
UNII: 66P41R0030
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7026441
InChIInChI=1S/C5H12O2/c1-5(2,6-3)7-4/h1-4H3
Key: HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC(C)(OC)OC

CAS Number: 77-76-9
Molecular Weight: 104.15
Beilstein: 635678
EC Number: 201-056-0
MDL number: MFCD00008479
PubChem Substance ID: 24893272

CAS number: 77-76-9
EC number: 201-056-0
Hill Formula: C₅H₁₂O₂
Molar Mass: 104.15 g/mol
HS Code: 2911 00 00

CAS: 77-76-9
Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 104.149
MDL Number: MFCD00008479
InChI Key: HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-NShow Less
PubChem CID: 6495
IUPAC Name: 2,2-dimethoxypropane
SMILES: CC(C)(OC)OC

Properties of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
Chemical formula: C5H12O2
Molar mass: 104.15 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 0.85 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C (−53 °F; 226 K)
Boiling point: 83 °C (181 °F; 356 K)
Solubility in water: 15 g/L (20 °C)

Grade: reagent grade
Quality Level: 200
Vapor density: 3.59 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 60 mmHg ( 15.8 °C)
Assay: 98%
Form: liquid

Expl. lim.:
31 %, 58 °F
6 %, 27 °F

Refractive index: n20/D 1.378 (lit.)
bp: 83 °C (lit.)
density: 0.847 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: COC(C)(C)OC
InChI: 1S/C5H12O2/c1-5(2,6-3)7-4/h1-4H3
InChI key: HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling point: 80 °C
Density: 0.85 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 6 - 31 %(V)
Flash point: -10 °C
Melting Point: -47 °C
Vapor pressure: 60 hPa (16 °C)
Solubility: 180 g/l

Purity Limit: ≥ 99% (Gc)
Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molecular Weight: 104.15
Cas No: 77-76-9
Mdl No: mfcd00008479
Appearance: colorless Liquid
Boiling Point: 83 °c
Flash Point: -10 °c
Density: 0.847 G/ml At 25 °c
Refractive Index: n20/d 1.378
Warnings: flammable! Irritant!
Storage Temp: store At 0-8 °c

Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molar Mass: 104.15
Density: 0.847 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -47 °C
Boling Point: 83 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 12°F
Water Solubility: 18 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Solubility: 180g/l
Vapor Presure: 60 mm Hg ( 15.8 °C)
Vapor Density: 3.59 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.852 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear colorless
BRN: 635678
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Explosive Limit: 31%, 58°F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.378(lit.)

Molecular Weight: 104.15
XLogP3-AA: 0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0:
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 104.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 18.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 44
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 97.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.850 - 0.851
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -47°C
Density: 0.848
Boiling Point: 79°C to 81°C
Flash Point: −11°C (12°F)
Assay Percent Range: 98%
Odor: Sweet
UN Number: UN3271
Beilstein: 635678
Refractive Index: 1.378
Quantity: 100 mL
Solubility Information: Soluble in benzene,carbon tetrachloride,ethyl ether and n-butane,methanol. Moderately soluble in water.
Formula Weight: 104.15
Percent Purity: 98%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: 2,2-Dimethoxypropane

Related Products of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
3-(2-N,N-Diethylaminoethylaminocarbonyl)phenylboronic acid, hydrochloride
4-[2-(N,N-Diethylaminoethyl)aminocarbonyl]phenylboronic acid hydrochloride
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
4-(N,N-Diethylaminomethyl)benzeneboronic acid
3,3-Dimethyl 1-Indanone

Names of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane

Other name:
acetone dimethyl acetal

Synonyms of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
C.I. 77769
2,2-Dimethoxypropane
2,2-DIMETHOXYPROPANE
Dimolybdenum trioxide
2,2-dimethoxy propane
Dimethoxypropane, 2,2-
Propane,2,2-dimethoxy-
Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy-
ACETONE DIMETHYL ACETAL
Acetone dimethyl acetal
Molybdenum oxide (Mo2O3)
2-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-methylpyrimidine
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, (Acetone dimethyl acetal)
2,2-Dimethoxypropan [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2-Dimethoxypropane [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
2,2-Diméthoxypropane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2-Dimethyoxypropane
201-056-0 [EINECS]
77-76-9 [RN]
Acetone dimethyl acetal
ACETONE DIMETHYL KETAL
acetone dimethylacetal
Acetone-dimethyl acetal
DMP
MFCD00008479 [MDL number]
Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy- [ACD/Index Name]
2,2-DIMETHOXY PROPANE
Acetone dimethyl acetal; DMP
ACETONE, DIMETHYL ACETAL
Acetone, dimethyl acetal (8CI)
STR01454
acetone dimethyl acetal
propane
2,2-dimethoxy
acetone dimethyl ketal
acetone
dimethyl acetal
acetone-dimethyl acetal
2,2-dimethoxy propane
acetone dimethylacetal
2,2-dimethyoxypropane
2,2-dimethoxy-propane
dimethoxypropanShow Less
2,2-DIMETHOXYPROPANE
77-76-9
Acetone dimethyl acetal
Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy-
Acetone dimethyl ketal
Acetone, dimethyl acetal
2,2-dimethoxy-propane
acetone dimethylacetal
2,2-dimethoxy propane
NSC-62085
Acetone-dimethyl acetal
66P41R0030
2,2-Dimethyoxypropane
EINECS 201-056-0
NSC 62085
dimethoxypropan
AI3-26275
dimethoxy propane
UNII-66P41R0030
2,2dimethoxypropane
acetone dimethylketal
2,2-dimethoxypropan
2,2-dimetoxypropane
2 2-dimethoxypropane
2,2 dimethoxypropane
2.2-dimethoxypropane
Propane,2-dimethoxy-
2, 2-dimethoxypropan
2,2 dimethoxy propane
2,2,-dimethoxypropane
2,2-di-methoxypropane
2,2-dimethyloxypropane
2, 2-Dimethoxypropane
2,2-dimethoxyl propane
2,2-bis(methyloxy)propane
EC 201-056-0
SCHEMBL49039
CHEMBL3184215
DTXSID7026441
dimethylformaldehyde dimethylacetal
ZINC402867
NSC62085
STR01454
Tox21_200627
MFCD00008479
AKOS000121900
CAS-77-76-9
NCGC00248770-01
NCGC00258181-01
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, analytical standard
BP-20658
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, reagent grade, 98%
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, for GC derivatization
A0057
FT-0609249
EN300-29553
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, purum, >=96.0% (GC)
J-506803
Q4596749
F0001-1976

DESCRIPTION:

2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is suitable for water curing systems and is a strong foaming catalyst.
Due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, the storage period of NCO components can be prolonged.

CAS No.:6425-39-4
EC Number, 229-194-7
Chemical Name:2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether
Molecular weight：244.33

SYNONYMS OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
DMDEE;Niax« Catalyst DMDEE;4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine
Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine,2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether,2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether,4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine),4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether
4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin;Dimorpholinodiethylether;BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER;BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER;LUPRAGEN(R) N 106;4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE;4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE;2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER



2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI; Sinocat® DMDEE is mainly used In one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
The addition amount accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.


2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.

2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.

APPLICATIONS OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) catalyst is a good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
When used in moisture-cured systems, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) provides a stable prepolymer with a rapid cure.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) can also be used in flexible polyester-based urethane foams, as well as semiflexible foams and HR molded foams.



USES OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
Its use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.

Its use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
Item, Standard
Appearance, Colorless transparent liquid
Chromaticity, ＜2
Water content, ≤0.1%
Content, ≥99%
Color Amber
Flash point, PMCC, °C (°F) 166 (330)
Freezing point, °C -28
Initial Boiling point, °C 309
pH 10.3
Specific gravity, 20/20°C 1.06
Vapor pressure, mm Hg, 20°C < 1
Viscosity, cSt, 15.5°C (60°F) 29
VOC Content, %, by ASTM D 2369 76
Water solubility, % > 10
CAS:, 6425-39-4
MF:, C12H24N2O3
MW:, 244.33
EINECS:, 229-194-7
Boiling point, 309 °C(lit.)
density, 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
refractive index, n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Fp, 295 °F
CAS DataBase Reference, 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl) bis-(6425-39-4)

Product Name:
Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Other Name:
Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-;Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-;4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine];Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether;2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether;β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether;4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine];4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine;Dimorpholinodiethyl ether;Texacat DMDEE;Jeffcat DMDEE;Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether;PC CAT DMDEE;Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether;Dabco DMDEE;NSC 28749;U-CAT 660M;Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether;DMDEE;4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine;Lupragen N 106;N 106;JD-DMDEE;442548-14-3
CAS No.:
6425-39-4
Molecular Formula:
C12H24N2O3
InChIKeys:
InChIKey=ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
244.33
Exact Mass:
244.33
EC Number:
229-194-7
UNII:
5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number:
28749
DSSTox ID:
DTXSID9042170
HScode:
2934999090
PSA:
34.2
XLogP3:
-0.6
Appearance:
Liquid
Density:
1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point:
176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point:
295 °F
Refractive Index:
1.482


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine-based catalyst.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.


CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
MDL number: MFCD00072740
Chemical name: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3



SYNONYMS:
2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, [ChemIDplus] Lupragen N 106, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether, DMDEE, [BASF MSDS] DABCO DMDEE catalyst, [Air Products MSDS] JCDMDEE, JEFFCAT DMDEE, [Huntsman Petrochemical, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, 2,2′-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, .BETA., .BETA.'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)BIS(MORPHOLINE), 4,4'- (OXYDIETHYLENE)DIMORPHOLINE, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS(MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2, 1-ETHANEDIYL)BIS-, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)DI-, NSC-28749, 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Niax« Catalyst DMDEE, 4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, Morpholone 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- 4,4’-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholone], Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether



2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine-based catalyst .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid and is soluble in water.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for water curing systems.


Due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups, NCO-containing components can have a long storage period.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is one of the important polyurethane catalysts.


There are two methods for the synthesis of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether: diethylene glycol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and metal catalysts, reacting at high temperature and high pressure to obtain bismorpholinyl diethyl ether; or diethylene glycol and morpholine in hydrogen and metal catalyst copper or cobalt.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong blowing catalyst with low gelling activity.
Therefore, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a preferred catalyst for one-component polyurethane systems (OCF and prepolymers) with long shelf life.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether provides system tability in moisture cured polyurethane
Stored 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing system.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst, which can make NCO containing components have a long storage life due to the steric effect of amino group.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, with the chemical formula C10H20N2O2 and CAS registry number 6425-39-4, is a compound known for its use as a solvent and a reagent in various chemical reactions.


This colorless liquid, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, also referred to as DME, is characterized by its two morpholine rings attached to the diethyl ether backbone.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a straw yellow viscous liquid.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an odor of amines.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has fishy odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether acts as a very selective blowing catalyst.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether provides a stable prepolymer system.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a liquid, tertiary amine catalyst used in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams and
adhesives.


In polyol formulations, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has shown good blowing efficiency and mild gel activity, and is excellent for consideration where storage stability is critical due to the acidity coming from HFO, formic acid or polyesters.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for water curing systems, A strong blowing catalyst, due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, can extend the storage period of NCO components, suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong blowing catalyst.


Due to the steric hindrance of the amino group, the NCO-containing components have a long storage period.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, with the chemical formula C10H24N2O2, has the CAS number 6425-39-4.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a chemical compound that appears as a colorless liquid with a faint odor.


The basic structure of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether consists of two morpholine rings attached to an ethyl group.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is soluble in water.
In terms of safety information, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is important to avoid direct contact with this chemical.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also miscible with water.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether molecule contains a total of 41 atom(s).
There are 24 Hydrogen atom(s), 12 Carbon atom(s), 2 Nitrogen atom(s), and 3 Oxygen atom(s).
A chemical formula of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can therefore be written as: C12H24N2O3


The chemical formula of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether shown above is based on the molecular formula indicating the numbers of each type of atom in a molecule without structural information, which is different from the empirical formula which provides the numerical proportions of atoms of each type.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine based catalyst that is also known as dimorpholino-diethyl ether.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a reactive chemical agent that has been used as a sealant for the insulation and maintenance of joints.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether reacts with water vapor or moisture in the air, which causes it to harden.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also known as DMDE and has been used in analytical chemistry as an optimal reagent for reactions with high resistance.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a divalent hydrocarbon molecule with two hydroxy groups on its backbone.
The reaction products of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether are viscosity and reaction solution.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can be used in coatings due to its reactivity.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.


Other release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used for the manufacture of: .


Other release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and building & construction work.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used for the manufacture of: furniture.


Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a polyurethane catalyst.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used for one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft and semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can be used in one- and two-component sealant foams as well as flexible slabstock foams.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for use in water curing systems.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.


Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst particularly suitable for one component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.


Important While the descriptions, designs, data and information contained herein are presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is provided for your guidance only.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a blowing agent in the production of flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also used in hot melt adhesives.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has been studied for its potential applications in organic synthesis and as a solvent for various reactions.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an important compound in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering, contributing to the development of new materials and processes.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used for single-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-hard foam, CASE materials, etc.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for use in water curing systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst .


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.
Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.


The CASE material or the like is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a one-component polyurethane system (such as one-component polyurethane sealant, one-component polyurethane foam, one-component polyurethane


The catalyst (or curing agent) in grouting materials, etc.).
Since one-component polyurethane prepolymer requires long-term storage stability, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether plays a key role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymer.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether quality puts forward extremely high requirements.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in one-component coating systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used intermediate used in Polyurethane catalysts and Initial product for chemical syntheses.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a catalyst (or curing agent) in one-component polyurethane systems (eg, one-component polyurethane caulk, one-component polyurethane foam adhesive, one-component polyurethane grouting material, etc.) .
Since single-component polyurethane prepolymers require long-term storage stability, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether plays an important role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymers, which also puts forward very high requirements for the quality of bismorpholine diethyl ether products.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and also used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV).
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can also be used as catalyst for formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica.


-Scientific Research Applications of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether:
*Catalyst in Polyurethane Foam Production:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether: acts as an effective catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams .

2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, which are the key components in creating these foams.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether’s ability to accelerate the gelling process without promoting cross-linking makes it valuable in manufacturing flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams.


-Property Modifier for Analytical Techniques:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) , which is utilized in Matrix Assisted Ionization Vacuum (MAIV) analysis .

This application is significant in the field of mass spectrometry, where 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether aids in the ionization process of analytes, thus enhancing the detection and analysis of various substances.


-Adhesive Formulation uses of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also used in formulating adhesives .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's chemical properties contribute to the adhesive’s performance, particularly in terms of flexibility, curing time, and bonding strength.


-Modifier in Polypropylene Glycol (PPG) Silica:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether serves as a modifier in the incorporation of fumed silica into polypropylene glycol .
This modification is crucial in enhancing the properties of PPG, such as viscosity and thermal stability, which are important in various industrial applications.


-Catalyst for Blowing Reactions:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether: is a good blowing catalyst that is used in reactions to create foams .
This application of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is particularly relevant in the production of insulation materials, where controlled foam expansion is necessary.


-Research on Amine-Based Catalysts use of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether:
Lastly, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is subject to research as an amine-based catalyst .
Scientists are investigating 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's catalytic properties in various chemical reactions, which could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly processes in the chemical industry.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is already used in a variety of applications, including as a catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings .

2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can also be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV) .
Future research and development may explore new uses and applications for 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether.



MODE OF ACTION OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether interacts with its targets by accelerating the reaction rate of the polymeric curing process .
This interaction results in a more efficient and faster curing process, which is crucial in the production of various polymeric materials .



BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
The biochemical pathways affected by 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether involve the reactions of polymeric curing .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether facilitates these reactions, leading to the formation of stable polymeric structures.
The downstream effects include the production of materials with desired properties such as flexibility, durability, and resistance to environmental factors.



RESULT OF ACTION OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
The molecular and cellular effects of the action of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether are observed in the formation of polymeric materials .
By acting as a catalyst in the curing process, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether enables the creation of materials with specific physical and chemical properties.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
Target of Action
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, primarily targets the process of polymeric curing .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether acts as a catalyst for this process, facilitating the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol incorporated fumed silica .



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether belongs to the group of morpholine derivatives which have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for various applications.



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
The molecular formula of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is C12H24N2O3 .
The IUPAC name of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine .
The molecular weight of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 244.33 g/mol .



CHEMICAL REACTIONS ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has a refractive index of 1.484 (lit.) and a boiling point of 309 °C (lit.) .
The density of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, soluble in water;
Viscosity (25 ° C, mPa.s): 18
Density (25 ° C, g / cm 3): 1.06
Water soluble: soluble in water
Flash point (TCC, °C): 146
Amine value (mmol/g): 7.9-8.1 mmol/g



KEY FEATURES AND TYPICAL BENEFITS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
• Virtually no impact on shelf life when mixed in isocyanate and isocyanate prepolymers, for ease of use in one-component foam formulations
• Low odor
• High purity



SYNTHESIS ROUTES AND METHODS I OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
Procedure details:
The pressure was set to a constant 16 bar absolute, the fresh gas flow was set to a constant 300 standard l/h of hydrogen and the circulating gas was set to a constant approx. 300 pressure liters/(lcat·h).

Ammonia and diethylene glycol were vaporized separately and preheated diethylene glycol was then introduced into the hot circulating gas stream, after which hot ammonia was fed into the reactor via a pressurized gas pump.
The laden circulating gas stream was reacted isothermally at 210° C. (+/−2° C.) and 16 bar over the catalyst in the tube reactor.

The synthesis was carried out at a space velocity over the catalyst of 0.30 lalcohol/lcat·h, a molar ratio of ammonia/alcohol of 3:1 and an amount of fresh gas/H2 of 300 standard liters/lcat·h.
90% of the alcohol was reacted in the reaction end a selectivity of 50% based on the diol used was achieved.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether was condensed in a pressure gas separator and collected for purification by distillation.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Presure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66 Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Viscosity: 216.6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 309 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Molecular Weight：244.33
Exact Mass：244.33
EC Number：229-194-7
UNII：5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number：28749
DSSTox ID：DTXSID9042170
HScode：2934999090
PSA：34.2
XLogP3：-0.6
Appearance：Liquid
Density：1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point：176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point：295 °F
Refractive Index：1.482

Density: 1.061g/cm3
Boiling point: 333.9°C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash point: 96.7°C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area :34.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers;
Polymer Additives; Organics; Polymer Science
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 333.9±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -28 °C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.331
Flash Point: 96.7±23.7 °C
Exact Mass: 244.178696
PSA: 34.17000
LogP: -1.09
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.482
Product name: 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether

Synonyms: DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.06 g/ml
Melting point: -28 degrees
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.061g/cm3

Boiling Point: 333.9 °C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash Point: 96.7 °C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
CAS NO:6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Organics;Polymer Additives;Polymer Science;
Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 295 °F
Appearance: STRAW YELLOW

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
PKA: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid

Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F

Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry, 2-8°C
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃

Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4

NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
Molecular Weight: 244.33
XLogP3: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6

Exact Mass: 244.17869263
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 172
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: 4,4-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₂₄N₂O₃
Molecular weight: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25°C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28°C
Boiling Point: 309°C (lit.)

Flash Point: 295 °F
Preservation conditions: 2-8°C, Dry
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS: 6425-39-4
Category: Plastic Additives
Description: Liquid
IUPAC Name: 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Canonical SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChI Key: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Complexity: 172

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
EC Number: 229-194-7
Exact Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
Formal Charge: 0
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
NSC Number: 28749
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
XLogP3: -0.6
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier: 5BH27U8GG4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3

International Chemical Identifier (InChI): ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Additional Physical Properties:
Viscosity (25℃): 18 mPa·s
Relative Density (25℃): 1.06
Boiling Point: Greater than 225℃
Melting Point: Less than -28℃
Flash Point (TCC): 146℃
Amine Value: 7.9–8.1 mmol/g



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C30H32N2S8.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is commonly known as Ethylammonium Dibenzyl Dithiocarbamate (EED).
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is primarily used as a chelating agent or complexing agent in various industrial processes, particularly in the field of analytical chemistry and metal ion extraction.

CAS Number: 239446-62-9
Molecular Formula: C34H40N4S6
Molecular Weight: 697.0982
EINECS Number: 427-180-7

Synonyms: Carbamodithioic acid, N,N-bis(phenylmethyl)-, compd. with 2,2a(2)-dithiobis[ethanamine] (2:1), 239446-62-9, DTXSID001088861

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) forms stable complexes with certain metal ions, such as copper, nickel, and cobalt.
These complexes can be utilized in analytical techniques like atomic absorption spectroscopy and chromatography for the determination and quantification of metal ions in different samples.
Additionally, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) has been investigated for its potential applications in the extraction and recovery of metal ions from industrial wastewater and mining processes due to its ability to selectively bind to specific metal ions.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) consists of two ethylammonium groups (-NHCH2CH3) linked by a sulfur bridge (dithio) at the 2,2' positions.
Each ethylammonium group is coordinated to a dibenzyl dithiocarbamate moiety.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is typically synthesized through the reaction of ethylamine with carbon disulfide followed by the reaction of the resulting ethylammonium dithiocarbamate with dibenzyl sulfide.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is generally soluble in polar solvents such as water, ethanol, and methanol.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) forms stable complexes with certain metal ions, particularly those of transition metals such as copper, nickel, and cobalt.
These complexes often have distinctive colors and spectroscopic properties, which can be utilized for their detection and analysis.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is commonly used in analytical chemistry for the extraction, separation, and determination of metal ions in various samples, including environmental samples, biological fluids, and industrial effluents.
It exhibits selectivity towards specific metal ions, which makes it useful for the selective extraction and preconcentration of target metal ions from complex matrices.
As a chelating agent, it forms stable chelates with metal ions by coordinating multiple donor atoms (sulfur atoms from dithiocarbamate groups), which enhances the solubility and stability of the metal complexes.

The complexes formed by 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) with metal ions tend to be stable under a wide range of conditions, including variations in pH and temperature.
This stability is advantageous in analytical applications where the samples may undergo various treatments or analyses.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)'s ability to form stable complexes with metal ions often results in low detection limits, making it suitable for trace analysis of metals in complex matrices.

This sensitivity is particularly useful in environmental monitoring and quality control processes.
In analytical chemistry, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is often employed in sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction to isolate and concentrate metal ions from sample solutions prior to analysis.
While the compound exhibits selectivity towards certain metal ions, it may also interact with other components present in the sample matrix.

Careful optimization of extraction conditions and the use of masking agents can help mitigate interference from matrix components.
Due to its potential environmental and health impacts, the use and disposal of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may be subject to regulatory controls in some jurisdictions.
Compliance with relevant regulations and guidelines is essential when handling and disposing of this compound.

Ongoing research aims to further optimize the properties and applications of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate), including exploring its potential in new analytical techniques, environmental remediation strategies, and industrial processes.
Designed to overcome concerns regarding both the 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) and type IV allergic response problems both in terms of production and application environments.
Functions as a primary or secondary accelerator, capable of replacing conventional thiurams or 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) on a weight to weight basis.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) reduces or eliminate iridescence in production parts.
Exhibits low heat build-up (low hysterisis) and very good compression set in natural rubber – particularly in thicker crosssections that may get over cured.
Reacts so rapidly with sulfur that it is necessary to use the rubber-bound form to prevent premature reactions with sulfur or sulfur-bearing chemicals.

The present invention relates to elastomers, i.e. natural or synthetic rubbers, and also particularly to improved rubber compounds and an improved method of producing moulded cured elastomers.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is well known and established that, to achieve the useful cured state, basic rubber polymers which exist in a viscous form, lying in between solids and liquids, are generally first mixed mechanically with other ingredients in the form of powders, resins or liquids to produce so-called rubber compounds.
Some of the added ingredients are chemicals which can react to bring about the cured elastic state.

These 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)s are then subjected to the curing (vulcanisation) process.
During the curing period, in one common process, compression moulding, the rubber compound is placed to an overfilled capacity within the constituent parts of a suitable mould shaped as a reflection of the eventual component being produced.
During the early stages of curing, the mould parts which encapsulate the rubber compound are subjected to heat and externally-applied hydrostatic pressure.

The applied pressure causes the mould parts to move together until closed, thus producing rubber compound flow and consolidation of the rubber compound within, and expelling excess material.
The 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) thus takes up the shape of the mould.
The heat applied initially causes the rubber compound to soften to facilitate this process, and later causes the chemical crosslinking reactions which vulcanize the rubber compound to a useful elastic state to take place.

In other moulding processes, the 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is extruded to a suitable continuous strip (extrusion moulding), or transferred or injected from one mould region to another shaped to form the product (transfer moulding and injection moulding, respectively).
Again the process involves a mechanical shaping followed by curing.
This invention applies to all forming and curing processes such as these or any others used for moulding rubbers.

End use mouldings include the range from small components such as seals and gaiters through shoe rubbers, extruded profiles and tyre treads to hoses and flex elements, and to bridge bearings and other large scale civil engineering structures.
The added ingredients (additives) are incorporated into the 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) according to recipes, or formulations, which have been developed through many years of improvement and optimisation to obtain the desired material properties for each of the many different usages of rubbers.
The magnitudes of these properties are commonly used to specify the materials most suited for different applications.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is by far the more common practice to cure the rubber compounds at a temperature in the approximate range of 120°C to 220°C, with the most common temperatures being 130°C to 185°C or thereabouts.
The time required at these temperatures to reach completion of cure varies from approximately a very few minutes at the highest temperatures to several hours at the lowest temperatures, which are usually only used for curing very large articles.
Occasionally a temperature as low as 100°C might be used, but the cure would then normally last for several days.

Such low temperature long cures are normally only used in situations where the cure time does not matter, for example, curing a rubber lining around the inner surface of a storage tank used for containing liquids, etc.
At the most common temperatures of 140°C to 150°C, a time reasonably required for cure would normally lie in the 20 minutes to 60 minutes range.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) exhibits selectivity towards certain metal ions, the selectivity can be further enhanced or modified by adjusting experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, and solvent composition.

This flexibility allows researchers to tailor the extraction process for specific applications or target analytes.
In addition to liquid-liquid extraction methods, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can also be utilized in chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for the separation and quantification of metal ions in complex mixtures.
In some cases, derivatization techniques may be employed to enhance the detectability or stability of metal complexes formed by 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate).

Derivatization can involve modifying the chemical structure of the compound or introducing functional groups that facilitate detection or improve complexation efficiency.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) in quality control processes is essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of analytical results.
Quality control measures may include the use of certified reference materials, method validation studies, and regular calibration of analytical instruments.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is valuable in environmental monitoring programs aimed at assessing the presence and concentration of metal contaminants in air, water, soil, and biota.
Monitoring data can inform regulatory decisions, pollution mitigation strategies, and environmental risk assessments.
As with any chemical reagent, proper safety precautions should be observed when handling 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate).

This includes wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, working in a well-ventilated area, and following established protocols for storage, handling, and disposal.
Ongoing advancements in analytical chemistry and environmental science are likely to drive continued research and innovation in the field of metal ion analysis and extraction.
Future trends may include the development of novel extraction techniques, the exploration of green chemistry principles, and the application of emerging technologies such as microfluidics and nanomaterials.what are the uses.

Uses:
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is commonly employed in analytical procedures for the extraction and preconcentration of metal ions from various sample matrices, including environmental samples (e.g., water, soil), biological samples (e.g., blood, urine), and industrial effluents.
It forms stable complexes with metal ions, facilitating their isolation and subsequent analysis.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes are utilized for the determination and quantification of metal ions in analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

The formation of distinct complexes aids in the sensitive detection and accurate measurement of metal concentrations.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is used in quality control processes in industries such as environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and metallurgy.
It enables the precise measurement of metal impurities or additives in raw materials, intermediate products, and final products, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and product specifications.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is employed in research laboratories for investigating the distribution, speciation, and behavior of metal ions in various systems.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) serves as a valuable tool for studying metal complexation kinetics, thermodynamics, and environmental fate processes.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based methods are utilized in environmental monitoring programs to assess metal contamination levels in air, water bodies, sediments, and biota.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based techniques contribute to understanding environmental pollution sources, trends, and impacts, facilitating informed decision-making and regulatory action.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may find applications in wastewater treatment processes for the removal of heavy metal contaminants prior to discharge into the environment.
Its ability to selectively complex with metal ions can aid in the precipitation or adsorption of metals, contributing to the remediation of contaminated effluents.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is used in academic settings for teaching purposes in analytical chemistry courses and laboratory experiments.
Students learn about complexation chemistry, metal ion analysis techniques, and the principles of sample preparation and instrument operation using EED-based methodologies.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can be employed in the mining industry for the extraction and recovery of valuable metal ions from ores and mineral concentrates.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) aids in the selective extraction of target metals during hydrometallurgical processes such as leaching and solvent extraction, contributing to increased metal recovery and process efficiency.
In electroplating and metal finishing operations, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may be utilized as a complexing agent to facilitate the deposition of metal coatings onto substrates.
It helps improve the uniformity and adherence of metal layers, enhancing the quality and performance of finished products in industries such as electronics, automotive, and aerospace.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes can serve as corrosion inhibitors for metal surfaces exposed to aggressive environments such as seawater, acidic solutions, or industrial process streams.
The formation of protective film layers on metal surfaces helps mitigate corrosion damage and extend the service life of metal components and structures.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based metal complexes have shown potential applications in biomedical research and healthcare, including as contrast agents for medical imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

These complexes can be functionalized to target specific tissues or biomolecules, enabling non-invasive imaging and diagnosis of diseases.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes with certain transition metal ions exhibit catalytic activity in organic synthesis reactions.
They can act as catalysts or co-catalysts in various chemical transformations, including cross-coupling reactions, oxidation reactions, and polymerization reactions, leading to the synthesis of valuable organic compounds and materials.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based metal complexes have been investigated for their potential applications in solar cell technologies.
They may function as sensitizers or electron transport materials in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) or organic photovoltaic devices, contributing to the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can be utilized in water treatment processes for the removal of heavy metal contaminants from drinking water supplies or industrial wastewater streams.

It offers an efficient and selective means of metal ion removal, helping to meet regulatory standards for water quality and protect human health and the environment.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes have been explored for their use in the synthesis and functionalization of nanomaterials with tailored properties and applications.
They can serve as templates, stabilizers, or precursors for the fabrication of nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanostructured materials with diverse functionalities.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can be utilized in analytical chemistry for the determination of metal ions in complex matrices such as biological samples, food products, and environmental samples.
Its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions enables accurate quantification using analytical techniques like spectrophotometry, voltammetry, and chromatography.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based extraction methods may find application in the recovery of valuable metals from electronic waste (e-waste).

Given the increasing demand for rare and precious metals in electronic devices, efficient extraction techniques using 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) could contribute to sustainable recycling practices and resource conservation.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes have been explored for their potential use in metal ion sensing and detection applications.
These complexes can be incorporated into sensor platforms or detection assays for rapid and selective detection of specific metal ions in solution, offering potential applications in environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and medical diagnostics.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based metal complexes have shown promise in the development of drug delivery systems and therapeutics.
These complexes can serve as carriers or vehicles for targeted drug delivery, enabling controlled release of therapeutic agents at specific sites within the body for enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based chelation therapy has been investigated as a potential treatment for heavy metal poisoning, particularly cadmium and lead toxicity.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes with cadmium and lead ions can facilitate their elimination from the body by promoting their excretion through urine, offering a potential therapeutic approach for individuals exposed to high levels of these toxic metals.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes have been explored for their antimicrobial properties and potential applications in food preservation.
These complexes may inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and spoilage bacteria in food products, extending their shelf life and enhancing food safety.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based extraction methods could be applied to soil remediation efforts aimed at removing metal contaminants from contaminated soils.
By selectively extracting metal ions from soil matrices, EED facilitates the remediation process, restoring soil quality and reducing environmental risks associated with metal contamination.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes used as catalysts in organic synthesis reactions may enable catalyst recycling and reusability, contributing to sustainability and cost-effectiveness in chemical manufacturing processes.

Safety Profile:
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) and its metal complexes may exhibit toxicity to humans and other organisms.
Exposure to high concentrations of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) or its complexes can cause adverse health effects, including skin irritation, eye irritation, respiratory tract irritation, and allergic reactions.
Ingestion or inhalation of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-containing substances may lead to systemic toxicity, affecting the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, and other organs.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) and its complexes can be hazardous to the environment, particularly aquatic ecosystems.
Discharge of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-containing effluents into water bodies can result in contamination of surface water and sediment, potentially harming aquatic organisms such as fish, invertebrates, and algae.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in food chains, leading to long-term ecological impacts.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) solutions may exhibit corrosive properties, particularly at high concentrations or under certain conditions.
Contact with concentrated EED solutions or exposure to 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) vapors can cause corrosion and damage to skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tissues.
Proper handling and storage practices are necessary to prevent accidental exposure and minimize the risk of corrosion-related injuries.

1,4-Cyclohexane Dimethanol; trans-1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol; CHDM; 1,4-dibenzoate; 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol dibenzoate CAS NO :105-08-8

DESCRIPTION:

2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) appears as a colorless liquid.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is Denser than water.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.


CAS Number: 112-27-6
EC Code: 203-953-2
Formula: C10H18O6
Molecular weight: 150.20 g/mol


SYNONYMS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL):
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane; Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-; Triethylene Glycol; 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol; Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis- 2-Methoxyethyl ether, Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, Dimethyldiglycol, ‘Diglyme’,2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,Diethylene glycol,Ethylene diglycol,Diglycol,2,2′-Oxybisethanol,2,2′-Oxydiethanol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,Dihydroxy diethyl ether,Digenos,Digol,Ethylene glycol bis-mercaptoacetate,diethylene glycol, 2,2'-oxydiethanol, diglycol, diethylenglykol, 2-hydroxyethyl ether, bis 2-hydroxyethyl ether, ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis, 2,2'-oxybisethanol, 2-2-hydroxyethoxy ethanol, digol,(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethan-2-ol,2,2'-oxydiethanol,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-Oxybis[ethano],2,2'-Oxydiethanol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,2- hydroxyethoxy)ethan- 2-ol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,Bis(β-hydroxyethyl) ether,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL,111-46-6,2,2'-Oxydiethanol,Diglycol,2,2'-Oxybisethanol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,Diethylenglykol,Digol,2-Hydroxyethyl ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-,Digenol,Dicol,Brecolane ndg,Glycol ether,Deactivator E,Dissolvant APV,Ethylene diglycol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,1,5-Dihydroxy-3-oxapentane,Diethyleneglycol,TL4N,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-0xydiethanol,Bis(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxydi-,2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,2,2'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,beta,beta'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Deactivator H,Caswell No. 338A,2,2'-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,DEG,HSDB 69,NSC 36391,CCRIS 2193,DTXSID8020462,bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,EINECS 203-872-2,MFCD00002882,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 338200,BRN 0969209,CHEBI:46807,AI3-08416,UNII-61BR964293,2,2'-Oxybis[Ethanol],Diethylene Glycol (DEG),NSC-36391,bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,2,2-Di(hydroxyethyl) ether,DTXCID20462,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHER,Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl) ether,61BR964293,EC 203-872-2,2,2-OXYDI(ETHAN-1-OL),4-01-00-02390 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-oxybis(ethanol),PEG 400,105400-04-2,149626-00-6,Diethylenglykol [Czech],DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS),DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS],diethylene-glycol,1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane, 7,16-bis(1-oxodecyl)-,CAS-111-46-6,Chromate(2-), 2-5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo-2-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)phenylmethyleneamino-.kappa.Nbenzoato(,GLYCEROL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY),GLYCEROL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY],PEG 200,PEG 600,OH-PEG2-OH,diehyleneglycol,Diglykol,Diethyleneglykol,diethyene glycol,2,2'-Oxydiethanol; Etofenamate Imp. F (EP); Etofenamate Impurity F; Glycerol Impurity A,di-ethylene glycol,PEG2000,Diethyl ene glycol,Glicole dietilenico,2-hydroxyethylether,1KA,Diethylenglykol rein,Ethanol,2'-oxydi-,2,2'-Ossidietanolo,2,2'-Oxibesethanol,Ethanol,2'-oxybis-,Glycol hydroxyethyl ether,Diethylene glycol, 99%,3-Oxypentane-1,5-diol,2,2-OXYBISETHANOL,SCHEMBL1462,HO(CH2CH2O)2H,2,2-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),WLN: Q2O2Q,2-HYDROXYETHOXYETHANOL,MLS001055330,BIDD:ER0301,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI],2-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-ethanol,PEG600,CHEMBL1235226,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB],HO(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH,2-(2-hydroxyethoxyl)ethan-1-ol,PEG4000,PEG6000,Diethylene glycol, LR, >=99%,3-OXA-1, 5-PENTANEDIOL,HMS2270G18,NSC32855,NSC32856,NSC35744,NSC35745,NSC35746,NSC36391,PEG35000,Tox21_201616,Tox21_300064,.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,NSC-32855,NSC-32856,NSC-35744,NSC-35745,NSC-35746,STL280303,Diethylene glycol, analytical standard,AKOS000120101,1ST9049,FS-3891,PEG 10,000,PEG 20,000,NCGC00090703-01,NCGC00090703-02,NCGC00090703-03,NCGC00253996-01,NCGC00259165-01,2,2'-Oxydiethanol, 2-Hydroxyethyl ether,BP-20527,BP-22990,BP-23304,BP-25804,BP-25805,BP-31029,BP-31030,BP-31245,Diethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%,SMR000112132,DB-092325,CS-0014055,D0495,ETOFENAMATE IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY],NS00004483,EN300-19318,Diethylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC),Diethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%,E83357,A802367,Diethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%,Q421902,J-002580,F1908-0125,9BAE4479-A6DD-4206-83C1-AB625AB87665,Diethylene glycol, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC),colorless,InChI=1/C4H10O3/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h5-6H,1-4H,Diethylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,162662-01-3,31290-76-3,9002-90-8






APPLICATIONS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) may be used as a solvent to form a solution of sodium pentaphosphacyclopentadienide.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol.[3]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is a widely used solvent.[4]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant.

2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products.
Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.[3]



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
Density 1.1274 -
Vapor pressure 0.133 Pa
at 25°C
UNEP p.66
Fusion point -5°C
Henry's constant 3.2e-06 Pa.m 3 .mol -1
calculated with EPIWIN
UNEP p.66
Octanol/water partition coefficient (Log Kow) -1.7 -
Chemical name or material Triethylene glycol diacetate
Fusion point -50°C
Density 1.12
Boiling point 286°C
Flash point 163°C (325°F)
Refractive index 1.44
Quantity 250 g
Beilstein 1789453
Formula weight 234.25
Purity percentage 98%





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

DESCRIPTION:
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol appears as a colorless liquid.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is Denser than water.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.


CAS: 112-27-6
EINECS: 203-953-2
Formula: C6H14O4
Molecular Weight: 150.18


SYNONYMS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL:

2,2'-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol,2,2'-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol),2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol,Ethylene glycol dihydroxy-diethyl ether
Triglycol,2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane; Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-; Triethylene Glycol; 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol; Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis- 2-Methoxyethyl ether, Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, Dimethyldiglycol, ‘Diglyme’,2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,Diethylene glycol,Ethylene diglycol,Diglycol,2,2′-Oxybisethanol,2,2′-Oxydiethanol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,Dihydroxy diethyl ether,Digenos,Digol,Ethylene glycol bis-mercaptoacetate,diethylene glycol, 2,2'-oxydiethanol, diglycol, diethylenglykol, 2-hydroxyethyl ether, bis 2-hydroxyethyl ether, ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis, 2,2'-oxybisethanol, 2-2-hydroxyethoxy ethanol, digol,(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethan-2-ol,2,2'-oxydiethanol,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-Oxybis[ethano],2,2'-Oxydiethanol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,2- hydroxyethoxy)ethan- 2-ol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,Bis(β-hydroxyethyl) ether,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL,111-46-6,2,2'-Oxydiethanol,Diglycol,2,2'-Oxybisethanol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,Diethylenglykol,Digol,2-Hydroxyethyl ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-,Digenol,Dicol,Brecolane ndg,Glycol ether,Deactivator E,Dissolvant APV,Ethylene diglycol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,1,5-Dihydroxy-3-oxapentane,Diethyleneglycol,TL4N,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-0xydiethanol,Bis(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxydi-,2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,2,2'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,beta,beta'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Deactivator H,Caswell No. 338A,2,2'-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,DEG,HSDB 69,NSC 36391,CCRIS 2193,DTXSID8020462,bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,EINECS 203-872-2,MFCD00002882,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 338200,BRN 0969209,CHEBI:46807,AI3-08416,UNII-61BR964293,2,2'-Oxybis[Ethanol],Diethylene Glycol (DEG),NSC-36391,bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,2,2-Di(hydroxyethyl) ether,DTXCID20462,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHER,Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl) ether,61BR964293,EC 203-872-2,2,2-OXYDI(ETHAN-1-OL),4-01-00-02390 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-oxybis(ethanol),PEG 400,105400-04-2,149626-00-6,Diethylenglykol [Czech],DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS),DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS],diethylene-glycol,1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane, 7,16-bis(1-oxodecyl)-,CAS-111-46-6,Chromate(2-), 2-5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo-2-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)phenylmethyleneamino-.kappa.Nbenzoato(,GLYCEROL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY),GLYCEROL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY],PEG 200,PEG 600,OH-PEG2-OH,diehyleneglycol,Diglykol,Diethyleneglykol,diethyene glycol,2,2'-Oxydiethanol; Etofenamate Imp. F (EP); Etofenamate Impurity F; Glycerol Impurity A,di-ethylene glycol,PEG2000,Diethyl ene glycol,Glicole dietilenico,2-hydroxyethylether,1KA,Diethylenglykol rein,Ethanol,2'-oxydi-,2,2'-Ossidietanolo,2,2'-Oxibesethanol,Ethanol,2'-oxybis-,Glycol hydroxyethyl ether,Diethylene glycol, 99%,3-Oxypentane-1,5-diol,2,2-OXYBISETHANOL,SCHEMBL1462,HO(CH2CH2O)2H,2,2-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),WLN: Q2O2Q,2-HYDROXYETHOXYETHANOL,MLS001055330,BIDD:ER0301,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI],2-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-ethanol,PEG600,CHEMBL1235226,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB],HO(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH,2-(2-hydroxyethoxyl)ethan-1-ol,PEG4000,PEG6000,Diethylene glycol, LR, >=99%,3-OXA-1, 5-PENTANEDIOL,HMS2270G18,NSC32855,NSC32856,NSC35744,NSC35745,NSC35746,NSC36391,PEG35000,Tox21_201616,Tox21_300064,.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,NSC-32855,NSC-32856,NSC-35744,NSC-35745,NSC-35746,STL280303,Diethylene glycol, analytical standard,AKOS000120101,1ST9049,FS-3891,PEG 10,000,PEG 20,000,NCGC00090703-01,NCGC00090703-02,NCGC00090703-03,NCGC00253996-01,NCGC00259165-01,2,2'-Oxydiethanol, 2-Hydroxyethyl ether,BP-20527,BP-22990,BP-23304,BP-25804,BP-25805,BP-31029,BP-31030,BP-31245,Diethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%,SMR000112132,DB-092325,CS-0014055,D0495,ETOFENAMATE IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY],NS00004483,EN300-19318,Diethylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC),Diethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%,E83357,A802367,Diethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%,Q421902,J-002580,F1908-0125,9BAE4479-A6DD-4206-83C1-AB625AB87665,Diethylene glycol, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC),colorless,InChI=1/C4H10O3/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h5-6H,1-4H,Diethylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,162662-01-3,31290-76-3,9002-90-8



APPLICATIONS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol may be used as a solvent to form a solution of sodium pentaphosphacyclopentadienide.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol.[3]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is a widely used solvent.[4]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant.

2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products.
Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.[3]



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL:
【Appearance】

Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid, practically odorless, hygroscopic.
【Solubility in water】

Miscible
【Melting Point】

-7
【Boiling Point】

285
【Vapor Pressure】

0.001 (25 C)
【Density】

1.125 g/cm3 (20 C)
【Heat Of Vaporization】

61.04 kJ/mol
【Heat Of Combustion】

-3566 kJ/mol
【Usage】

In various plastics to increase pliability, in air disinfection.
【Vapor Density】

5.17
【Saturation Concentration】

1.3 ppm (20 C)
【Refractive Index】

1.4529 (25 C)

Density 1.1274 -
Vapor pressure 0.133 Pa
at 25°C
UNEP p.66
Fusion point -5°C
Henry's constant 3.2e-06 Pa.m 3 .mol -1
calculated with EPIWIN
UNEP p.66
Octanol/water partition coefficient (Log Kow) -1.7 -
Chemical name or material Triethylene glycol diacetate
Fusion point -50°C
Density 1.12
Boiling point 286°C
Flash point 163°C (325°F)
Refractive index 1.44
Quantity 250 g
Beilstein 1789453
Formula weight 234.25
Purity percentage 98%


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.

CAS Number: 87-69-4
EC Number: 205-695-6
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09

Synonyms: (+)-L-Tartaric acid, (+)-Tartaric acid, 87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, L-Tartaric acid, L(+)-Tartaric acid, tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, (R,R)-Tartaric acid, Threaric acid, L-threaric acid, Dextrotartaric acid, Natural tartaric acid, Acidum tartaricum, DL-Tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, (+)-(R,R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-, Rechtsweinsaeure, Kyselina vinna, (2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, (R,R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, tartrate, Succinic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy, Weinsteinsaeure, L-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, 133-37-9, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, 1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, EINECS 201-766-0, (+)-Weinsaeure, NSC 62778, FEMA No. 3044, INS NO.334, DTXSID8023632, UNII-W4888I119H, CHEBI:15671, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova, AI3-06298, Lamb protein (fungal), INS-334, (+/-)-Tartaric Acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, (R,R)-tartrate, NSC-62778, W4888I119H, Tartaric acid (VAN), Kyselina vinna [Czech], DTXCID203632, E 334, E-334, RR-tartaric acid, (+)-(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-(+)-, EC 201-766-0, TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-), Tartaric acid [USAN:JAN], Weinsaeure, BAROS COMPONENT TARTARIC ACID, L-2,3-DIHYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID, MFCD00064207, C4H6O6, L-tartarate, 4J4Z8788N8, 138508-61-9, (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxybernsteinsaeure, TARTARIC ACID COMPONENT OF BAROS, Resolvable tartaric acid, d-alpha,beta-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID (II), TARTARIC ACID [II], 144814-09-5, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova [Czech], REL-(2R,3R)-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID (MART.), TARTARIC ACID [MART.], (1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, TARTARIC ACID (USP-RS), TARTARIC ACID [USP-RS], BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-, (R-(R*,R*))-, Tartaric acid D,L, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-, TARTARIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), TARTARIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], Tartarate, DL-TARTARICACID, 132517-61-4, L(+) tartaric acid, (2RS,3RS)-Tartaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Traubensaeure, Vogesensaeure, Weinsaure, acide tartrique, acido tartarico, tartaric-acid, para-Weinsaeure, L-Threaric aci, 4ebt, NSC 148314, NSC-148314, (r,r)-tartarate, (+)-tartarate, l(+)tartaric acid, Tartaric acid; L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid (TN), (+-)-Tartaric acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-, L-(+) tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-Tartarate, 1d5r, DL TARTARIC ACID, TARTARICUM ACIDUM, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinate, TARTARIC ACID,DL-, SCHEMBL5762, TARTARIC ACID, DL-, Tartaric acid (JP17/NF), TARTARIC ACID [FCC], TARTARIC ACID [JAN], d-a,b-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID [INCI], MLS001336057, L-TARTARIC ACID [MI], TARTARIC ACID [VANDF], DL-TARTARIC ACID [MI], CCRIS 8978, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS, TARTARIC ACID [WHO-DD], CHEMBL1236315, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioXtra, TARTARICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], UNII-4J4Z8788N8, (2R,3R)-2,3-tartaric acid, CHEBI:26849, HMS2270G22, Pharmakon1600-01300044, TARTARIC ACID, DL- [II], TARTARIC ACID, (+/-)-, TARTARIC ACID,DL- [VANDF], HY-Y0293, STR02377, TARTARIC ACID [ORANGE BOOK], EINECS 205-105-7, Tox21_300155, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinicacid, NSC759609, s6233, AKOS016843282, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.5%, CS-W020107, DB09459, NSC-759609, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R-(R*,R*))-, CAS-87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, AR, >=99%, (R*,R*)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NCGC00247911-01, NCGC00254043-01, BP-31012, SMR000112492, SBI-0207063.P001, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NS00074184, T0025, EN300-72271, (R*,R*)-(+-)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, C00898, D00103, D70248, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioUltra, >=99.5% (T), J-500964, J-520420, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, tested according to Ph.Eur., Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-(+-)-, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, JIS special grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, natural, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%, Q18226455, F8880-9012, Z1147451717, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (theta,theta)-(+-)-, 000189E3-11D0-4B0A-8C7B-31E02A48A51F, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Tartaric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5%, Tartaric Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also known as 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid or Racemic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid which is crystalline white.
Baking powder is a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with sodium bicarbonate.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely used in the field of pharmaceuticals.
High doses of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can lead to paralysis or death.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a tetraric acid, which is butanedioic acid substituted with hydroxy groups at the 2 and 3 positions.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a conjugate acid of 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid that naturally occurs in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in bananas and citrus fruits.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white, crystalline solid which can easily be dissolved in water.

Approx. 50 % of the produced 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is subsequently used by the food and pharmaceutical industry, the other half is used in technical applications.
When added to food or beverage products, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is denoted by E-number E 334.

Besides that, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and its derivatives are often used in the field of pharmaceuticals or as a chelating agent in the farming and metal industry.

Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white crystalline diprotic organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid occurs naturally in many plants, particularly in grapes, bananas, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be added to food when a sour taste is desired.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also used as an antioxidant.

Salts of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are known as tartarates.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a dihydroxy derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found in cream of tartar and baking powder.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in Rochelle Salt.
In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid containing two stereocenters.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid exists as a pair of enantiomers and an achiral meso compound.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is present in many fruits (fruit acid), and 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid monopotassium salt is found as a deposit during the fermentation of grape juice.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a historical compound, dating back to when Louis Pasteur separated 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid into two enantiomers with a magnifying lens and a pair of tweezers more than 160 years ago.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has a stronger, sharper taste than citric acid.
Although 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is renowned for its natural occurrence in grapes, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also occurs in apples, cherries, papaya, peach, pear, pineapple, strawberries, mangos, and citrus fruits.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used preferentially in foods containing cranberries or grapes, notably wines, jellies, and confectioneries.
Commercially, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is prepared from the waste products of the wine industry and is more expensive than most acidulants, including citric and malic acids.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.
Furthermore, when dissolved in hard water, undesirable insoluble precipitates of calcium tartrate can form.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an abundant constituent of many fruits such as grapes and bananas and exhibits a slightly astringent and refreshing sour taste.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is added to other foods to give a sour taste and is normally used with other acids such as citric acid and malic acid as an additive in soft drinks, candies, and so on.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is produced by acid hydrolysis of calcium tartrate, which is prepared from potassium tartrate obtained as a by-product during wine production.
Optically active 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used for the chiral resolution of amines and also as an asymmetric catalyst.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is the most water-soluble of the solid acidulants.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid contributes a strong tart taste that enhances fruit flavors, particularly grape and lime.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is often used as an acidulant in grape- and lime-flavored beverages, gelatin desserts, jams, jellies, and hard sour confectionery.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, one of the most widely distributed of plant acids, with a number of food and industrial uses.
Along with several of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid salts, cream of tartar (potassium hydrogen tartrate) and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is obtained from by-products of wine fermentation.

Study of the crystallographic, chemical, and optical properties of the 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acids by French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur laid the basis for modern ideas of stereoisomerism.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely used as an acidulant in carbonated drinks, effervescent tablets, gelatin desserts, and fruit jellies.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has many industrial applications—e.g., in cleaning and polishing metals, in calico printing, in wool dyeing, and in certain photographic printing and development processes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in silvering mirrors, in processing cheese, and in compounding mild cathartics.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is incorporated into baking powders, hard candies, and taffies; and 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is employed in the cleaning of brass, the electrolytic tinning of iron and steel, and the coating of other metals with gold and silver.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also known as 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid or Racemic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is in use to generate carbon dioxide.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely in use in the field of pharmaceuticals.
A High dose of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can affect our body to a great extent.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white and crystalline that occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables and most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also present in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as a baking powder that is in use as a leavening agent in food preparation.
The 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is added to foods being an antioxidant i.e., E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, sometimes called racemic acid, is an organic compound that naturally occurs in plants, wine, and many fruits, such as grapes, tamarinds, citrus, and bananas.
The acid is available as a white solid that’s soluble in water.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid salt, commonly referred to as cream of tartar, is created naturally through fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is made from potassium acid tartrate obtained from different by-products of the wine industry, such as lees, argol, and press cakes from fermented grape juice.
This dibasic acid is usually mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is available as baking powder commonly used as a food additive.

Uses of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is Levo form of dextrorotatory 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found throughout nature and classified as a fruit acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in soft drinks and foods, as an acidulant, complexing agent, pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent), in photography, tanning, ceramics, and to make tartrates.
Diethyl and dibutyl ester derivatives are commercially significant for use in lacquers and in textile printing.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an intermediate, in construction and ceramics applications, in cleaning products, cosmetics/personal care products, and metal surface treatments (including galvanic and electroplating products).
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a flavoring agent, anticaking agent, drying agent, firming agent, humectant, leavening agent, and pH control agent for foods.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to improve the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to chelate metal ions such as magnesium and calcium.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in recipes as a leavening agent along with baking soda.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an antioxidant.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is as one of the important acids in wine.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in foods to give a sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is sometimes used to induce vomiting.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to make silver mirrors.

In its ester form, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in the dyeing of textiles.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in the tanning of leather.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in candies.
In its cream form, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a stabilizer in food.

Food industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as acidifier and natural preservative for marmalades, ice cream, jellies, juices, preserves, and beverages.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as effervescent for carbonated water.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as emulsifier and preservative in the bread-making industry and in the preparation of candies and sweets.

Oenology:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an acidifier.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in musts and wines to prepare wines that are more balanced from the point of view of taste, the result being an increase in their degree of acidity and a decrease in their pH content.

Pharmaceuticals industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an excipient for the preparation of effervescent tablets.

Construction industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in cement, plaster, and plaster of Paris to retard drying and facilitate the handling of these materials.

Cosmetics industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a basic component of many natural body crèmes.

Chemical sector:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in galvanic baths.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in electronics industry.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as mordant in the textile industry.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an anti-oxidant in industrial greases.

Industry Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Consumer Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Electroplating
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Leather Tanning and Processing
Photographic Processing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Usage Areas of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, this crystalline acid, is commonly seen in plants and fruits.
The chemical formula of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, an organic acid, is C4H6O6 and its density is 1.788g/cm.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in different branches of industry, especially industry.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is generally preferred for the fermentation of wine and is formed as a byproduct of potassium during fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is frequently used in wool dyeing, polishing, gelatin, desserts and sodas.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is mostly found in grape fruits, also occurs in some fruits other than grapes.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is formed from the mixture of raceme, is called levo.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acids are among the water-soluble dicarboxylic acids.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to give a sour taste to foods.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, E334, is a good antioxidant.

The most common use of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is in soda production.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is used to flavor soda, is an indispensable component of soda.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is preferred for dyeing wool.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be used for polishing, polishing and cleaning metals.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to release carbon dioxide in bakery products.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, an indispensable ingredient in gelatin desserts, is generally preferred as a thickener in products such as meringue, Turkish delight and whipped cream.

The form of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid obtained from grapes is generally preferred in pastry.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be preferred over baking powder for rising cakes.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is frequently found in fruits and has a tart and strong taste, is preferred for winemaking and fermentation of wine.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in making marmalade and jams.

Applications of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and its derivatives have a plethora of uses in the field of pharmaceuticals.
For example, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has been used in the production of effervescent salts, in combination with citric acid, to improve the taste of oral medications.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also has several applications for industrial use.

The acid has been observed to chelate metal ions such as calcium and magnesium.
Therefore, the acid has served in the farming and metal industries as a chelating agent for complexing micronutrients in soil fertilizer and for cleaning metal surfaces consisting of aluminium, copper, iron, and alloys of these metals, respectively.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in fuels and fuel additives, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and lubricant additives, coating agents and surface treatment agents.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in processing aids and petroleum production specific processing aids.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in ink, toner and coloring products, laboratory use, lubricants and greases.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found in cream of tartar, which is used in making candies and frostings for cakes.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also used in baking powder where 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid serves as the source of acid that reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas and lets products “rise,” but 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid does so without the “yeast” taste that can result from using active yeast cultures as a source of the carbon dioxide gas.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in the making of Rochelle Salt, which is sometimes used as a laxative.
Blue prints are made with ferric tartarte as the source of the blue ink.

In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.
Common esters of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are diethyl tartarate and dibutyl tartrate.
Both are made by reacting 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with the appropriate alcohol, ethanol or n-butanol.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid in wine:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid may be most immediately recognizable to wine drinkers as the source of "wine diamonds", the small potassium bitartrate crystals that sometimes form spontaneously on the cork or bottom of the bottle.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid plays an important role chemically, lowering the pH of fermenting "must" to a level where many undesirable spoilage bacteria cannot live, and acting as a preservative after fermentation.
In the mouth, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid provides some of the tartness in the wine, although citric and malic acids also play a role.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid in fruits:
Grapes and tamarinds have the highest levels of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid concentration.
Other fruits with 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are bananas, avocados, prickly pear fruit, apples, cherries, papayas, peaches, pears, pineapples, strawberries, mangoes and citrus fruits.

Results from a study showed that in citrus (oranges, lemons and mandarins), fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.

Trace amounts of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid have been found in cranberries and other berries.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also present in the leaves and pods of Pelargonium plants and beans.

Retarding Agent:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely used as a retarding agent in oilfield applications as well as in cementitious-based systems.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid works by slowing the setting of cement by impeding certain reactions during the hydration of the cement process.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid retards various steps, including ettringite formation and C3A hydration.

Food Additive:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also has many uses in the food industry.
As an acidulant, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid offers a pleasant sour taste and gives food a sharp flavor.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also serves as a preservative food agent and can help set gels.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is usually added to most products, including carbonated beverages, gelatin, fruit jellies, and effervescent tablets.
This acid is also used as an ingredient in candy and various brands of baking powders and leavening systems to make goods rise.

Industrial Applications:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has many industrial applications.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid’s used in gold and silver plating, making blue ink for blueprints, tanning leather, and cleaning and polishing metals.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid’s also one of the ingredients in Rochelle Salt, which is luxuriant and reacts with silver nitrate to form the silvering in mirrors.

Commercial Application:
The by-products obtained from the fermentation of wine during the production of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are heated with calcium hydroxide.
This causes calcium tartrate to develop a residue, which is further treated with sulfuric acid to form a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and calcium sulfate.
Once the mixture is separated, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is purified and used for commercial production.

Other 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid uses include pharmaceutical applications to produce effervescent salt that helps enhance the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid’s also used in the metals and farming industry as a chelating agent for cleaning metal surfaces and adding nutrients to the soil.

Derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Important derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid include:
Sodium ammonium tartrate, the first material separated into 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid enantiomers
Cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate), used in cooking
Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), which has unusual optical properties
Tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate), a resolving agent.
Diisopropyl tartrate is used as a co-catalyst in asymmetric synthesis.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.
As a food additive, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an antioxidant with E number E334; 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acids are other additives serving as antioxidants or emulsifiers.

Production of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is industrially produced in the largest amounts.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is obtained from lees, a solid byproduct of fermentations.
The former byproducts mostly consist of potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6).

This potassium salt is converted to calcium tartrate (CaC4H4O6) upon treatment with calcium hydroxide "milk of lime" (Ca(OH)2):
KH(C4H4O6) + Ca(OH)2 -> Ca(C4H4O6) + KOH + H2O

In practice, higher yields of calcium tartrate are obtained with the addition of calcium chloride.

Calcium tartrate is then converted to 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid by treating the salt with aqueous sulfuric acid:
Ca(C4H4O6) + H2SO4 -> H2(C4H4O6) + CaSO4

Racemic 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be prepared in a multistep reaction from maleic acid.

In the first step, the maleic acid is epoxidized by hydrogen peroxide using potassium tungstate as a catalyst.
HO2CC2H2CO2H + H2O2 → OC2H2(CO2H) 2

In the next step, the epoxide is hydrolyzed.
OC2H2(CO2H)2 + H2O → (HOCH)2(CO2H)2

meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
A mixture of racemic acid and meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is formed when dextro-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is heated in water at 165 °C for about 2 days.

meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can also be prepared from dibromosuccinic acid using silver hydroxide:
HO2CCHBrCHBrCO2H + 2 AgOH → HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + 2 AgBr

meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be separated from residual racemic acid by crystallization, the racemate being less soluble.

General Manufacturing Information of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Construction
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Stereochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Naturally occurring form of the acid is dextro 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
Because 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is available naturally, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is cheaper than its enantiomer and the meso isomer.

Dextro and levo form monoclinic sphenoidal crystals and orthorhombic crystals.
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid forms monoclinic and triclinic crystals (space group P1).

Anhydrous meso 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid form two anhydrous polymorphs: triclinic and orthorhombic.
Monohydrated meso 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid crystallizes as monoclinic and triclinic polymorphys depending on the temperature at which crystallization from aqueous solution occurs.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid in Fehling's solution binds to copper(II) ions, preventing the formation of insoluble hydroxide salts.

History of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has been known to winemakers for centuries.
However, the chemical process for extraction was developed in 1769 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid played an important role in the discovery of chemical chirality.
This property of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid was first observed in 1832 by Jean Baptiste Biot, who observed 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid ability to rotate polarized light.

Louis Pasteur continued this research in 1847 by investigating the shapes of sodium ammonium tartrate crystals, which he found to be chiral.
By manually sorting the differently shaped crystals, Pasteur was the first to produce a pure sample of levo2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Pharmacodynamics:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration.
Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography.
In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death.

Route of Elimination:
Only about 15-20% of consumed 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is secreted in the urine unchanged.

Metabolism / Metabolites:
Most tartarate that is consumed by humans is metabolized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the large instestine.

Human Metabolite Information of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Tissue Locations:
Adipose Tissue
Platelet
Prostate

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm

Reactivity of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, can participate in several reactions.

As shown the reaction scheme below, dihydroxymaleic acid is produced upon treatment of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a ferrous salt.
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + H2O2 → HO2CC(OH)C(OH)CO2H + 2 H2O

Dihydroxymaleic acid can then be oxidized to 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with nitric acid.

Accidental Release Measures of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Spillage Disposal:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
CAS Number:
R,R-isomer: 87-69-4
S,S-isomer: 147-71-7
racemic: 133-37-9
meso-isomer: 147-73-9
ChEBI: CHEBI:15674

ChEMBL:
ChEMBL333714
ChEMBL1200861

ChemSpider: 852
DrugBank: DB01694
ECHA InfoCard: 100.121.903
E number: E334 (antioxidants, ...)
KEGG: C00898
MeSH: tartaric+acid
PubChem CID: 875 unspecified isomer
UNII: W4888I119H
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5046986
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYAZ
SMILES: O=C(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)O

CAS number: 147-71-7
EC number: 205-695-6
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₆
Chemical formula: HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH
Molar Mass: 150.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 12 00

CAS: 87-69-4
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09
MDL Number: MFCD00064207
InChI Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 444305
ChEBI: CHEBI:15671
SMILES: OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Chemical formula:
C4H6O6 (basic formula)
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H (structural formula)

Molar mass: 150.087 g/mol
Appearance: White powder

Density:
1.737 g/cm3 (R,R- and S,S-)
1.79 g/cm3 (racemate)
1.886 g/cm3 (meso)

Melting point:
169, 172 °C (R,R- and S,S-)
206 °C (racemate)
165-6 °C (meso)

Solubility in water:
1.33 kg/L (L or D-tartaric)
0.21 kg/L (DL, racemic)
1.25 kg/L ("meso")

Acidity (pKa): L(+) 25 °C: pKa1= 2.89, pKa2= 4.40
meso 25 °C: pKa1= 3.22, pKa2= 4.85
Conjugate base: Bitartrate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −67.5·10−6 cm3/mol

Density: 1.8 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 210 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: 172 - 174 °C
Solubility: 1394 g/l

grade: ACS reagent
Quality Level: 200
vapor density: 5.18 (vs air)
Assay: ≥99.5%

form:
crystalline powder
crystals

optical activity: [α]20/D +12.4°, c = 20 in H2O
optical purity: ee: 99% (GLC)
autoignition temp.: 797 °F

impurities:
≤0.002% S compounds
≤0.005% insolubles

ign. residue: ≤0.02%
mp: 170-172 °C (lit.)

anion traces:
chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%
oxalate (C2O42-): passes test
phosphate (PO43-): ≤0.001%

cation traces:
Fe: ≤5 ppm
heavy metals (as Pb): ≤5 ppm

SMILES string: O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t1-,2-/m1/s1
InChI key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N

Molecular Weight: 150.09 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 115Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 134
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 166 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 169 °C
Spec. rotation [α²0/D (c=10 in water): -14.0 - -12.0 °
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 168.0°C to 172.0°C
Color: White or Colorless
Assay Percent Range: 99+%
Linear Formula: HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 1390g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: soluble in methanol, ethanol, propanol and, glycerol, 4g/L ether, insoluble in chloroform
IUPAC Name: 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
Formula Weight: 150.09
Percent Purity: ≥99%
Quantity: 500 g
Flash Point: 210°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Loss on Drying: 0.5% (1g, 105°C) max.
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Physical Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L(+)-Tartaric acid

Related compounds of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-Butanediol
Cichoric acid

Other cations:
Monosodium tartrate
Disodium tartrate
Monopotassium tartrate
Dipotassium tartrate

Related carboxylic acids:
Butyric acid
Succinic acid
Dimercaptosuccinic acid
Malic acid
Maleic acid
Fumaric acid

Names of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid

Other names:
Tartaric acid
2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
Threaric acid
Racemic acid
Uvic acid
Paratartaric acid
Winestone