Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a disinfectant and antiseptic with the molecular formula C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7, which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is an organochlorine compound and a D-gluconate adduct.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a broad spectrum antiseptic.

CAS Number: 18472-51-0
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7
Molecular Weight: 897.76
EINECS Number: 242-354-0

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) has a role as an antibacterial agent.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is functionally related to a chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) solution is a bis(biguanide) family cationic broad spectrum antibiotic that is available in a range of concentrations and has been safely used for over 40 years for a variety of health-related applications; but its specific use for umbilical cord care was uniquely tested in three clinical trials in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, in the form of 7.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).

Given the promising results of the trials, in 2013 the World Health Organization (WHO) added CHX to its Model List of Essential Medicines for Children; and in 2014 the WHO issued a new guideline on umbilical cord care, which included a formal recommendation on the use of chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) (to be referred to as CHDG) is known for its pronounced effect by way of preventing the formation of dental plaque, as well as its curative promotion of gingival complaints.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG)s mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action, the mechanism of action being membrane disruption, not ATPase inactivation as previously thought.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is also useful against fungi and enveloped viruses, though this has not been extensively investigated.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is harmful in high concentrations, but is used safely in low concentrations in many products, such as mouthwash and contact lens solutions.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a broad-spectrum antiseptic.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) has been widely used in a range of applications including wound care, hand washes, preoperative body shower, oral hygiene, and general disinfection.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG), also known simply as chlorhexidine, is an antiseptic and disinfectant chemical compound used in various applications, including medicine, dentistry, and personal care.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used as a liquid or a powder.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is known by the salt forms: chlorhexidine gluconate (chlorhexidine digluconate) and chlorhexidine acetate (chlorhexidine diacetate).
Side effects may include skin irritation, tooth discoloration, and allergic reactions, although the risk appears to be the same as other topical antiseptics.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) rinse is also known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste.
Rinsing with water is not recommended as it is known to increase the bitterness.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may cause eye problems if direct contact occurs.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is use in pregnancy appears to be safe.
Chlorhexidine may come mixed in alcohol, water, or surfactant solution.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is effective against a range of microorganisms, but does not inactivate spores.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) came into medical use in the 1950s.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is available over the counter in the United States.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
In 2020, it was the 273rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used as a liquid or a powder.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is known by the salt forms: chlorhexidine gluconate (chlorhexidine digluconate) and chlorhexidine acetate (chlorhexidine diacetate).
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG)s mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.005Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble50% (w/v)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Viscosity: 2.51mm2/s
Water Solubility: 750g/L at 20℃
λmax: 257nm(H2O)(lit.)
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,2091
InChIKey: YZIYKJHYYHPJIB-UUPCJSQJSA-N
LogP: -1.81 at 20.7℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 18472-51-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 2-4

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (in concentrations ≥ 1 μg/L).
Significantly higher concentrations (10 to more than 73 μg/mL) are required for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is ineffective against polioviruses and adenoviruses.
The effectiveness against herpes viruses has not yet been established unequivocally.
One of the notable features of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is its residual antimicrobial effect.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can continue to protect against microbes even after it has been applied and dried, making it especially valuable in healthcare settings where long-lasting protection is required.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is often used as a pre-operative mouth rinse before oral surgery to reduce the bacterial load in the mouth and decrease the risk of post-operative infections.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is sometimes used as a treatment for periodontal (gum) disease.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can help control inflammation and reduce the number of bacteria causing gum disease.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG)-impregnated dressings or catheters may be used to reduce the risk of catheter-related infections.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is considered safe and effective when used correctly, it's essential to follow usage instructions provided by healthcare professionals or as stated on product labels.

In some cases, long-term or excessive use can lead to side effects, including staining of teeth, dry mouth, or oral irritation.
It's important to inform your healthcare provider of any Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) use, as it may interact with certain medications or medical procedures.
For example, it may impact the effectiveness of some blood pressure medications or interact with iodine-based contrast agents used in imaging studies.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) products are available both by prescription and over-the-counter, depending on the concentration and specific use.
Over-the-counter mouthwashes, for instance, usually contain lower concentrations suitable for daily oral care, while stronger solutions are often prescribed for surgical or medical applications.
In addition to its use as a surgical skin preparation, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is sometimes used for general skin cleansing in medical settings, such as in preparation for injections or intravenous lines.

Concerns have been raised about the environmental impact of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) when it enters wastewater systems, as it is not easily biodegradable.
This has led to the exploration of more eco-friendly alternatives in some applications.
Over time, some microorganisms have developed resistance to Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG), particularly in healthcare settings.

This underscores the importance of using Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) judiciously and according to recommended guidelines to prevent the development of resistance.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used in wound care to help prevent infection and promote healing.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can be applied to clean and disinfect wounds and is sometimes used in conjunction with other wound dressings or antibiotics.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is an essential part of infection control protocols in healthcare facilities.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used for surgical hand scrubbing by healthcare personnel and as a pre-operative skin preparation for patients undergoing surgery.
In healthcare settings, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is often used to reduce the risk of CAUTIs, which can occur when bacteria travel up a urinary catheter.

Specialized catheters coated with Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) or catheter care protocols involving chlorhexidine use are employed to lower this risk.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) has been used in neonatal care to reduce infections in newborns.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be applied topically to the umbilical cord stump to prevent neonatal infections.

In addition to its use in human healthcare, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is employed in veterinary medicine for similar purposes, including the disinfection of surgical sites and the control of skin and wound infections in animals.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is generally considered safe, pregnant and nursing women should consult healthcare professionals before using chlorhexidine products, especially if they contain high concentrations of the compound.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used to disinfect certain medical devices, such as endoscopes and ultrasound probes, to prevent cross-contamination.
Healthcare professionals and individuals using Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) products should adhere to specific guidelines and recommendations regarding its use.
This ensures that it is employed safely and effectively in various healthcare and personal care contexts.

Uses:
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a preservative generally used in concentrations of 0.01 to 0.1 percent to protect against bacteria.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is unstable at high temperatures.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is more widely used in europe than in the united States.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) of benzyl-nitrogen bonds.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is an antimicrobial irrigant that is used as an antiseptic for the skin in the healthcare industry.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used in hospitals to prevent infection of patients during surgeries and can also be found in mouthrinses.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).
A 2019 Cochrane review concluded that based on very low certainty evidence in those who are critically ill "it is not clear whether bathing with chlorhexidine reduces hospital-acquired infections, mortality, or length of stay in the ICU, or whether the use of chlorhexidine results in more skin reactions."

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, perfumes and fragrances, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and polishes and waxes.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and health services.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products, food products.

Release to the environment of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and in the production of articles.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is primarily used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, meaning it can kill or inhibit a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
This makes it effective in reducing the risk of infections.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is often used to disinfect skin before surgical procedures, to clean wounds, and to disinfect medical equipment.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG)'s used in mouthwashes, toothpaste, and dental procedures to control oral infections and plaque formation.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is commonly found in mouthwashes and dental products designed to combat gingivitis, reduce plaque buildup, and prevent oral infections.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can help control bad breath and promote good oral hygiene.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be found in over-the-counter topical antiseptic solutions and ointments for minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.
Some hand sanitizers and disinfectant products contain Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) as one of their active ingredients to provide long-lasting protection against pathogens.

In some cosmetic and personal care products, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be used as a preservative to extend the product's shelf life by preventing microbial contamination.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is also used in veterinary medicine to disinfect surgical sites, treat skin infections, and maintain oral health in animals.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is generally safe when used as directed, it can cause adverse reactions in some individuals, such as skin irritation or allergic reactions.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) should not be ingested, and products containing chlorhexidine should be used according to the instructions on the label.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) has been used for root canal irrigation and as an intracanal dressing but has been replaced by the use of sodium hypochlorite bleach in much of the developed world.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) mouthwashes are used to reduce dental plaque, treat gingivitis, and prevent oral infections.
Some toothpaste formulations include Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) to provide additional protection against plaque and gingivitis.

Healthcare professionals use Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) for hand disinfection before surgical procedures to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.
Prior to surgery or medical procedures, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is applied to the skin to reduce the risk of infections at the incision site.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used to clean and disinfect wounds, cuts, and burns to prevent infection and promote healing.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used to reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) by keeping the catheter insertion site clean and disinfected.
In neonatal care, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be applied to the umbilical cord stump of newborns to prevent infection.
Patients may use chlorhexidine mouthwash before oral surgery to reduce bacteria in the oral cavity.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can be applied during dental procedures to reduce the risk of post-operative infections.
In veterinary medicine, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used for similar purposes, such as disinfection of surgical sites, wound care, and general antiseptic use in animals.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be used in healthcare settings to disinfect medical equipment and surfaces to prevent cross-contamination.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used to disinfect the skin before injections, venipuncture, or the placement of intravenous lines.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) as an active ingredient for long-lasting protection against pathogens.
In some cosmetic and personal care products, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination and extend shelf life.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.
The gluconate salt form of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG), a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) gluconate is positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.

Subsequently, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) gluconate penetrates into the cell and causes leakage of intracellular components leading to cell death.
Since gram positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to this agent.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) digluconate 20% solution is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is very effective against plaque, oral flora including Candida and is active against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeast.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can be used in antiseptic soap, mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfecting wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.
Use of a Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG)-based mouthwash in combination with normal tooth care can help reduce the build-up of plaque and improve mild gingivitis.
There is not enough evidence to determine the effect in moderate to severe gingivitis.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG)s use as a mouthwash has a number of adverse effects including damage to the mouth lining, tooth discoloration, tartar build-up, and impaired taste.
Extrinsic tooth staining occurs when chlorhexidine rinse has been used for 4 weeks or longer.
Mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) which stain teeth less than the classic solution have been developed, many of which contain chelated zinc.

In addition to its use in healthcare facilities, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can be used for catheter care in home settings.
This is particularly important for individuals who require long-term urinary catheters to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be used to disinfect the exit site for peritoneal dialysis catheters to prevent peritonitis, an infection of the peritoneum.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used in veterinary dentistry for oral health care in animals, including dental cleanings, surgical procedures, and treatment of oral infections.
Some antifungal creams and ointments for skin infections, like athlete's foot, may contain chlorhexidine as an active ingredient.
In the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be used to cleanse the ulcer and prevent or treat infection.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used as part of infection control measures in environments where the risk of infectious diseases is high, such as correctional facilities and long-term care facilities.
Some cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy use Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) mouthwash to manage mouth sores and prevent oral infections.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be employed in post-surgical wound care to reduce the risk of surgical site infections and ensure optimal healing.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be part of the medical supplies used in disaster response efforts to reduce the risk of infections in emergency medical situations.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may be used for oral hygiene to ensure patient comfort and reduce the risk of infections.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) plays a role in maintaining infection control standards in long-term care facilities to protect vulnerable residents from healthcare-associated infections.

In situations where individuals receive healthcare services at home, healthcare providers may use Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) for various applications, such as wound care and catheter care.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG)-based hand sanitizers and disinfectants were used extensively to reduce the risk of infection.

Safety Profile:
While relatively rare, some individuals may be allergic to Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG).
Signs of an allergic reaction can include skin rash, itching, redness, swelling, or hives.
Prolonged or frequent use of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) on the skin can lead to irritation, dryness, or peeling.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can cause brown or yellow staining of teeth, tongue, and dental restorations (like fillings and crowns).
This staining is more likely to occur with long-term or frequent use of high-concentration Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) products.
Staining can be addressed by professional dental cleaning.

Some individuals may experience a sensation of dry mouth or an altered taste when using Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) mouthwashes.
This is generally temporary and subsides after discontinuing use.
Overuse of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can potentially lead to antimicrobial resistance, where microorganisms become less responsive to its effects.

Therefore, it's essential to use Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) products as directed by healthcare professionals or according to product labels.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) should not be ingested. Be cautious when using chlorhexidine mouthwash and ensure it is not swallowed.

Synonyms:
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Hibiclens
18472-51-0
Peridex
Dyna-hex
Bioscrub
Hibiscrub
Hibitane
Microderm
Periochip
Periogard
Exidine
Unisept
Chlorhexidine D-digluconate
Brian Care
Steri-Stat
Cida-Stat
Hibistat
Bacticlens
Corsodyl
Disteryl
Hibidil
Kleersight
Orahexal
Plurexid
Prevacare
Septeal
Abacil
Pharmaseal Scrub Care
CHG SCRUB
Fight bac
Plac out
Prevacare R
Arlacide G
Hibitane 5
Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate
Peridex (antiseptic)
Chlorhexidin glukonatu
Bactoshield CHG 2%
Caswell No. 481G
UNII-MOR84MUD8E
MOR84MUD8E
Hibitane gluconate
READYPREP CHG
DRG-0091
EINECS 242-354-0
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045504
NSC-753971
CHEBI:28312
1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), digluconate
EC 242-354-0
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) di-D-gluconate
NSC 753971
1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane digluconate
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) gluconate
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)digluconate
Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, digluconate
AVAGARD COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
SOLUPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
CHLORAPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF AVAGARD
D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF SOLUPREP
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF CHLORAPREP
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE (MART.)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [MART.]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE (USP IMPURITY)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [USP IMPURITY]
Paroex
Chlorhexidin glukonatu [Czech]
1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane
pHiso-Med
1,1'-HBCB
Hibiclens (TN)
Periogard (TN)
N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis(N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide))--D-gluconic acid (1/2)
N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)]--D-gluconic acid (1/2)
Peridex (TN)
Chlohexidine gluconate
C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7
Chlorhexidine gluconate [USAN:USP:JAN]
SCHEMBL34468
CHEMBL4297088
DTXSID5034519
Chlorhexidine gluconate (JP17/USP)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [JAN]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [USAN]
AKOS015896303
AKOS025310696
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [VANDF]
CHLORHEXIDINE D-DIGLUCONATE [MI]
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE [INCI]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [WHO-DD]
C3105
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [ORANGE BOOK]
C08038
D00858
J-011837
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] Digluconate
Chlorhexidine digluconate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid(1:2)
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[N-[6-[[N-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]carbamimidoyl]amino]hexyl]carbamimidoyl]guanidine; (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, digluconate
D-Gluconic acid, compd with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)

Chlorhexidine Digluconate is a salt of Chlorhexidine (q.v.) and gluconic acid.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is an organochlorine compound and a D-gluconate adduct.


CAS Number: 18472-51-0
EC Number: 242-354-0
MDL number: MFCD00083599
Chem/IUPAC Name: D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)
Molecular Formula: C34H54Cl2N10O14


Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky liquid,odourless or almost odourless.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a disinfectant antiseptic, has a strong broad-spectrum antibacterial and bactericidal effect, and is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is an antiseptic effective against a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is an organochlorine compound and a D-gluconate adduct.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) has a role as an antibacterial agent.


Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is functionally related to a chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) was encapsulated inside an ethylcellulose shell material, and then spray dried to produce mixed micropArticles (MPs).
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a preservative.


Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a cationic aqueous solution of chlorhexidine digluconate.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.


Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG), also known as clorexidina or chlorhexidine gluconate solution, is a commonly used ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products like skin cleansers.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) appears in the form of white crystalline powder and has a slightly bitter taste, but it is mostly odorless.


Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is well known for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including those that cause skin infections.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is synthesized from chlorhexidine base and gluconic acid through esterification.


The resulting yellowish-brown, aqueous solution contains Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG).
The synthesis process of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is carefully controlled to ensure purity and quality of the final product.


Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is the gluconate salt form of chlorhexidine, a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity.
Since gram positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG).



USES and APPLICATIONS of CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used disinfect the hands and skin, and rinse the wound.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used such as to make soap, disinfectant and hand sanitizer, etc.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG), also known as clorexidina or chlorhexidine gluconate solution, is a commonly used ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products like skin cleansers.


Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) finds application in personal care products.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is a miracle ingredient that is used in a wide range of personal care products as it is a great preservative.


Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG), available as an aqueous solution or as a gel (delivering 4% chlorhexidine), is used in umbilical cord care, and is listed in the WHO Essential Medicines List1.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is also used on plasters, in ointments or powders and as an effective preservative against bacteria and moulds in cosmetics.


WHO recommends daily Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) application to the umbilical cord stump during the first week of life for newborns who are born at home in settings with high neonatal mortality (neonatal mortality rate >30 per 1000).
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used disinfect the hands and skin, and rinse the wound.


Clean, dry cord care is recommended for newborns born in health facilities, and at home in low neonatal mortality settings.
Use of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) in these situations may be considered only to replace application of a harmful traditional substance such as cow dung to the cord stump.


The use of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is being implemented in many countries (South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa) as part of a package of essential newborn interventions to reduce the incidence of omphalitis.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is an antiseptic mainly used in dental medicines like mouth rinses, sprays or toothpaste to prevent plaque and gingivitis.


-Skin care uses of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG):
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is used in cleansers, toners, and acne treatments to help control bacteria and prevent infection.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is also used in wound care products to prevent infection and promote healing


-Hair care uses of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG):
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is beneficial in preventing dandruff and scalp infections.
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can commonly be found in shampoos and conditioners and is also used in a range of hair styling products to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi on the scalp and hair



WHAT DOES CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antimicrobial
*Oral care
*Preservative



ALTERNATIVES OF CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
*MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA LEAF OIL,
*BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE,
*TRICLOSAN



SAFETY PROFILE OF CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
However, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) may not be suitable for everyone and therefore, it is always recommended to perform a patch test, especially on sensitive skin.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) is also unlikely to be comedogenic as it is not an oil-based ingredient, which is the primary cause of pore blockage.
Being a synthetic compound, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) can be considered vegan but it also depends on the source and production process of the ingredient.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
Boiling Point: 641.4°C
Melting Point: 134-136°C
pH: 5.0-7.0
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Viscosity: Low
Molecular Weight: 897.8 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 18
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 16
Rotatable Bond Count: 23
Exact Mass: 896.3198018 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 896.3198018 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 455Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 60
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 819
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 8
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHDG):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Chlorhexidine (digluconate)
HY-B0608
MFCD00083599
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
18472-51-0
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Hibiclens
Bioscrub
Hibistat
Microderm
Periochip
Periogard
Exidine
Peridex
Unisept
Chlorhexidine D-digluconate
Dyna-hex
Brian Care
Steri-Stat
Cida-Stat
Bacticlens
Corsodyl
Disteryl
Hibidil
Kleersight
Orahexal
Plurexid
Prevacare
Septeal
Abacil
Pharmaseal Scrub Care
CHG SCRUB
Fight bac
Plac out
Prevacare R
Arlacide G
Hibitane 5
Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate
Peridex (antiseptic)
Chlorhexidin glukonatu
Bactoshield CHG 2%
Caswell No. 481G
UNII-MOR84MUD8E
MOR84MUD8E
Hibitane gluconate
chlorhexidine
READYPREP CHG
DRG-0091
EINECS 242-354-0
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045504
NSC-753971
CHEBI:28312
1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), digluconate
EC 242-354-0
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) di-D-gluconate
NSC 753971
1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane digluconate
Chlorhexidine gluconate [USAN:USP:JAN]
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) gluconate
Hibiscrub
Hibitane
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)digluconate
Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, digluconate
AVAGARD COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
SOLUPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
CHLORAPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF AVAGARD
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF SOLUPREP
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF CHLORAPREP
Chlorhexamed
Hibident
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE (MART.)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [MART.]
Chlorhexidine gluconate (USAN:USP:JAN)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE (USP IMPURITY)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [USP IMPURITY]
chlorhexidine bigluconate
Dermachlor
Betasept
Otodine
Vetasan
Dental
Paroex
Davis
PwrioChip
Scrub
TrisOphtho
ChlorHex
HexaDermMax
TrisDent
Bactoshield Chg
Chloradine Lube
Chlorhexidin glukonatu [Czech]
1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane
Scrub-stat
TrizChlor Flush
BioHexWipesWipes
CeraSootheCHX
gly4Chlor
Ultra HexFlush
Chloradine Scrub
Dermachlor Rinse
Fresh Mouth
Scrub Care
Stomodine F
Vital-Chlor
Hexa-Foam
pHiso-Med
Ultra Hex
1,1'-HBCB
Clx Derm
Hex-Wash
Hexi Dip
Max Chlorhexidine
Oris Chx
Sky Oral Rinse
Clx Derm Spot
Major Oral Rinse
TrizChlor 4
Chlorhexidine 4%
Chlorhexidine Lube
Hex-Tra
VetraSeb CeraDerm
Chlordine 55
Chlordine105
ChlorHex 2X
Hibiclens (TN)
Periogard (TN)
Chlorhexidine Flush
Chlorhexidine Scrub
Davis Chlorhexidine
Dyna-Hex2
Equine Anti-Fungal
Chlordine 110
Chlordine 510
Dyna-hex 2
Dyna-hex 4
Scrub, Scrub-Stat
Peridex (TN)
Hex-PLUS
TrizChlor 4 Mousse
Chlorhexidine Shampoo
SUFFUSION
TELFATEAT
Chlohexidine gluconate
Bisbiguanide Teat Dip
Chlordine 110 Dip
Chlorhexidine4% scrub
Chorhexidine Gluconate
Hexi-Dip 1%
Max ChlorhexidineFlush
TrizCHLOR 4 Wipes
Zymadent Dental Wipes
CHLORHEIX-LUBE
VETASAN SCRUB
BLUE RIBBON
Chlorhexidine 4%Scrub
Chlorhexidine Scrub4%
Chlordine Barrier Film
SANI-CLING
Stratford Dental Wipes
FS-106Spray
CHG BARRIER DIP
Chlorhexidine Gluconante
CHLORHEXIDINE2%
Hexi Dip 110
MAX Chlorhexidine 4%
Chem-Star Classic Plus
DYNA-HEX CHG
ChlorHex Maxi Scrub4%
Chlorhexidine Scrub 4%
CHLORHEXIDINESolution
Cutania TrisEDTA Wipes
TrizChlor 4 Conditioner
Antiseptic Foam Handwash
Antiseptic Skin Cleanser
Chlordine 55 Teat Dip
Chlorhexidine Solution2%
Glen Haven TrizChlor 4
Tru-Blu Chlor Hex-Wash
Antiseptic Surgical Scrub
Purell Antimicrobial Foam
Bd E-Z Scrub 107
CLX DERM OTO PLUS
Curaseb Chlorhexidine 4%
Tru-Blu C-Hex 110
Chlordine 105 Teat Dip
Chlordine 510 Teat Dip
Scrub CareExidine-2 CHG
Scrub CareExidine-4 CHG
Antiseptic Cleansing Wipes
BLUE RIBBON SPRA Y
Antimicrobial Foam Handwash
Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser
Chlorhexidinewith Aloe Vera
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 2%
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 4%
Chem-Star Classic Plus Dip
chlorhexidine gluconate cloth
Antibacterial Protective Hand
SCHEMBL34468
4% CHG Skin Cleansing Kit
C.E.T. Oral Hygiene Rinse
CHLORHEXIDINE 2%SCRUB
Hibiclens for Georgia Pacific
FS-106 S PRAY
NUPRO Chlorhexidine Gluconate
PRE-MOISTENED TOWELETTE
CHLORHEXIDINE SCRUB 2%
Foaming Chlorhexidine Gluconate
ProSense Dental Solution Wipes
Pet MD CHLORHEXIDINE 4%
0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate
CHEMBL4297088
DTXSID5034519
Pre-Scrub IISurgical Hand Scrub
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Oral Rinse
Provon Antimicrobial Foam Handwash
Purell CS Foam Handwash 2% CHG
Carolina Custom Cages Chlorhexidine
Periogard (Chlorhexidine Gluconate)
2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 2% Solution
Chlorhexidine gluconate (JP17/USP)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [JAN]
FS-106
Bactoshield CHGChlorhexidine Gluconate
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [USAN]
DentahexOral Rinse for Dogs and Cats
AKOS015896303
AKOS025310696
Antiseptic Skin CleanserExidine-2 CHG
Stratford Chlorhexidine 4% plus TRIS
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [VANDF]
CHLORHEXIDINE D-DIGLUCONATE [MI]
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE [INCI]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [WHO-DD]
Dairyland Brand Sprayable CHG Teat Dip
Milkhouse Brand Sprayable CHG Teat Dip
Cardinal Health Antiseptic Skin Cleanser
D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)
Aplicare Antiseptic Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Liquid Solution 2%
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Liquid Solution 4%
Chlorhexidine Gluconate, 0.12% Oral Rinse
Scrub, Scrub-Stat, Foam Safe, Micro-Guard
Banixx Wound Care Cream with Marine Collagen
C3105
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [ORANGE BOOK]
STRAWFIELD PETS CHLORHEXIDINE MEDICATED
BANIXX with COLLAGENVETERINARIAN STRENGTH
C08038
D00858
TRUCLENS DENTAL WIPES FOR CATS AND DOGS
DASH Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse
Acclean Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 0.75% Antiseptic
Chlorhexidine Gluconate, 0.12% Oral Rinse Solution
J-011837
Maxiclens Chlorhexidine Gluconate Liquid Solution, 4%
Denti-Care Denti-RinseChlorhexidine Gluconate Oral Rinse
Skin Antisepsis, Oral Cleansing and Nasal Antisepsis System
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] Digluconate
Truseb Chlorhexidine 4% Medicated for Dogs, Cats And Horses
Chlorhexidine digluconate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Clx Derm chlorhexidine digluconate antiseptic and moisturizer for dogs and cats
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid(1:2)
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[N-[6-[[N-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]carbamimidoyl]amino]hexyl]carbamimidoyl]guanidine; (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, digluconate
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
D-Gluconic acid, compd with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)
N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)]--D-gluconic acid (1/2)

SYNONYMS Peridex®; Periochip®, Periogard Oral Rinse®; 1,1'-Hexam ethylene bis(5- (p-chlorophenyl) biguanide) digluconate; 1,6-Bis(5-(p- chlorophenyl) biguandino)hexane digluconate; Arlacide G; Bacticlens; Hibitane 5; Orahexal; Peridex; D-Gluconsäure, N,N''-Bis (4-chlorphenyl) -3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraazatetradecan diamidin (German); ácido D-glucónico, N,N''-bis (4-clorofenil)- 3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraazatetradecanodiamidina (Spanish), Acide D-gluconique, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophényl)- 3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tétraazatétradécanediamidine (French); D-Gluconic acid, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12- diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraaza tetradecanediimidamide (2:1); CAS NO 18472-51-0

DESCRIPTION:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a disinfectant and antiseptic with the molecular formula C22H30Cl2N10, which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used as a liquid or a powder.




Chlorhexidine Gluconate is known by the salt forms: chlorhexidine gluconate (chlorhexidine digluconate) and chlorhexidine acetate (chlorhexidine diacetate).
Side effects may include skin irritation, tooth discoloration, and allergic reactions, although the risk appears to be the same as other topical antiseptics.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate rinse is also known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste.

Rinsing with water is not recommended as Chlorhexidine Gluconate is known to increase the bitterness.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate may cause eye problems if direct contact occurs.
Use in pregnancy appears to be safe.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate may come mixed in alcohol, water, or surfactant solution.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is effective against a range of microorganisms, but does not inactivate spores.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate came into medical use in the 1950s.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is available over the counter in the United States.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
In 2020, Chlorhexidine Gluconate was the 273rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions


Chlorhexidine Gluconate is an antiseptic medicine.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is available as mouthwash, toothpaste, gel, solution, and soap.
Mouthwash is used in the treatment of gingivitis (a condition in which the gums become red and swollen), mouth ulcers, oral thrush (fungal infection in your mouth), and denture sores (redness, swelling, and tenderness in the mouth due to denture, removable replacement for missing teeth).
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used for maintaining oral hygiene.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate toothpaste and gel are used to prevent the formation of tooth plaque (a soft, sticky biofilm that forms on the teeth due to bacterial growth).
The gel is also used for the treatment of gingivitis and mouth ulcers.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate soap is used to clean the skin and wound area and prevent skin infections.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate solution is used prior to surgery for skin disinfection.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used by healthcare professionals to disinfectant the hands before surgical or medical procedures.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate may show some minor side effects like taste change, staining of teeth, and burning sensation.
These side effects are temporary and resolve with time.
Consult your doctor if they become severe or remain for a long time.



Mouthwash is an antiseptic liquid preparation for cleaning the mouth and teeth or freshening the breath.
There are 2 types:
Cosmetic mouth wash may temporarily control bad breath and leave behind a pleasant taste but has no chemical or biological application beyond its temporary benefit.
Therapeutic mouth wash helps reduce or control plaque, gingivitis, bad breath, and tooth decay.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate rinse is another antiseptic that is used in dentistry to clean the mouth and teeth.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a cationic antiseptic with a bisbiguanide base activity and a broad-spectrum antibiotic with topical antibacterial activity.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is found in three forms:
• Chlorhexidine Digluconate
• Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride
• Chlorhexidine Acetate.



USES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).
A 2019 Cochrane review concluded that based on very low certainty evidence in those who are critically ill "it is not clear whether bathing with chlorhexidine reduces hospital-acquired infections, mortality, or length of stay in the ICU, or whether the use of chlorhexidine results in more skin reactions."

In endodontics, chlorhexidine has been used for root canal irrigation and as an intracanal dressing but has been replaced by the use of sodium hypochlorite bleach in much of the developed world.

Antiseptic:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (in concentrations ≥ 1 μg/L).
Significantly higher concentrations (10 to more than 73 μg/mL) are required for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is ineffective against polioviruses and adenoviruses.
The effectiveness against herpes viruses has not yet been established unequivocally.

There is strong evidence that chlorhexidine is more effective than povidone-iodine for clean surgery.
Evidence shows that it is an effective antiseptic for upper limb surgery.

Meta-data spanning several decades shows that the efficacy of chlorhexidine (against organisms that cause surgical site infection) has not changed, dispelling concerns over emerging resistance.

Dental use:
Perichlor brand 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate solution
Use of a chlorhexidine-based mouthwash in combination with normal tooth care can help reduce the build-up of plaque and improve mild gingivitis.
There is not enough evidence to determine the effect in moderate to severe gingivitis.

Its use as a mouthwash has a number of adverse effects including damage to the mouth lining, tooth discoloration, tartar build-up, and impaired taste.
Extrinsic tooth staining occurs when chlorhexidine rinse has been used for 4 weeks or longer.
Mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine Gluconate which stain teeth less than the classic solution have been developed, many of which contain chelated zinc.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a cation which interacts with anionic components of toothpaste, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium monofluorophosphate, and forms salts of low solubility and reduced antibacterial activity.
Hence, to enhance the antiplaque effect of chlorhexidine, "it seems best that the interval between toothbrushing and rinsing with CHX [chlorhexidine] be more than 30 minutes, cautiously close to 2 hours after brushing”


Topical:
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used as a skin cleanser for surgical scrubs, as a cleanser for skin wounds, for preoperative skin preparation, and for germicidal hand rinses.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is very effective for poor countries like Nepal and its use is growing in the world for treating the umbilical cord.
A 2015 Cochrane review has yielded high-quality evidence that within the community setting, chlorhexidine skin or cord care can reduce the incidence of omphalitis (inflammation of the umbilical cord) by 50% and neonatal mortality by 12%.

Side effects:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is ototoxic (toxic to the inner ear). If put into an ear canal which has a ruptured eardrum, it can lead to deafness.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate does not meet current European specifications for a hand disinfectant.
Under the test conditions of the European Standard EN 1499, no significant difference in the efficacy was found between a 4% solution of chlorhexidine digluconate and soap.


In the U.S., between 2007 and 2009, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center conducted a cluster-randomized trial and concluded that daily bathing of patients in intensive care units with washcloths saturated with chlorhexidine gluconate reduced the risk of hospital-acquired infections.

Whether prolonged exposure over many years may have carcinogenic potential is still not clear.
The US Food and Drug Administration recommendation is to limit the use of a chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash to a maximum of six months.

When ingested, Chlorhexidine Gluconate is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and can cause stomach irritation or nausea.
If aspirated into the lungs at high enough concentration, as reported in one case, it can be fatal due to the high risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Mechanism of action:
At physiologic pH, chlorhexidine salts dissociate and release the positively charged chlorhexidine cation.
The bactericidal effect is a result of the binding of this cationic molecule to negatively charged bacterial cell walls.
At low concentrations of chlorhexidine, this results in a bacteriostatic effect; at high concentrations, membrane disruption results in cell death.

Chemistry:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a cationic polybiguanide (bisbiguanide).

Deactivation:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is deactivated by forming insoluble salts with anionic compounds, including the anionic surfactants commonly used as detergents in toothpastes and mouthwashes, anionic thickeners such as carbomer, and anionic emulsifiers such as acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, among many others.
For this reason, chlorhexidine mouth rinses should be used at least 30 minutes after other dental products.

Society and culture:
Brands:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate topical is sold as Betasept, Biopatch, Calgon Vesta, ChloraPrep One-Step, Dyna-Hex, Hibiclens, Hibistat Towelette, Scrub Care Exidine, Spectrum-4 among others.

Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash is sold as Dentohexin, Paroex, Peridex, PerioChip, Corsodyl and Periogard, among others.

Veterinary medicine:
In animals, Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used for topical disinfection of wounds, and to manage skin infections.
Chlorhexidine-based disinfectant products are used in the dairy farming industry.

Post-surgical respiratory problems have been associated with the use of chlorhexidine products in cats

Chlorhexidine gluconate is a germicidal mouthwash that reduces bacteria in the mouth.
Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse is used to treat gingivitis (swelling, redness, bleeding gums). Chlorhexidine gluconate is usually prescribed by a dentist.
Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse is not for treating all types of gingivitis.

Use the medication only to treat the condition your dentist prescribed it for.
Do not share this medication with another person, even if they have the same gum symptoms you have.
Chlorhexidine gluconate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FOR CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
Q. How long should you use Chlorhexidine Gluconate?
The duration of use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate will depend on the condition it is being prescribed for.
If you are using it for gum disease (gingivitis) it may be used for a month.
If being used for mouth ulcers and thrush, this mouthwash may be used till 2 days after the symptoms are relieved.


Q. Does Chlorhexidine Gluconate stain teeth?
Yes, though it does not occur in everyone, Chlorhexidine Gluconate may stain your teeth and tongue. Staining is not permanent and may disappear after discontinuation of treatment.
Brushing the teeth with regular toothpaste before using Chlorhexidine Gluconate can prevent staining.
You should also avoid tannin-containing food and drinks such as tea and coffee.


Q. Does Chlorhexidine Gluconate help bad breath?
Yes, Chlorhexidine Gluconate is effective in reducing bad breath, which persists for about 3 hours.
However, the risk of staining teeth and alteration of taste should be borne in mind before you start using it.
Also, use this medicine judiciously.


Q. How should Chlorhexidine Gluconate be used?
Chlorhexidine Gluconate should be used as required.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is generally used twice daily.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly for about 1 minute with 10 ml of Chlorhexidine Gluconate mouthwash. After rinsing, expel it from your mouth.

Q. What precautions should be followed while using Chlorhexidine Gluconate?
Using toothpastes immediately after the mouthwash may interfere with the working of mouthwash properly.
Use Chlorhexidine Gluconate before the mouthwash or at a different time of the day.
Always rinse your mouth before using the mouthwash.


BENEFITS OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Highly effective 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate mouthwash, ideal for immunocompromised patients.

Formulation of choice for dentists and doctors
Two pleasant tasting flavours - Original and Peppermint
Licensed by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK and Health Products Regulatory Authority (HPRA) in Ireland, providing assurance of safety and efficacy
Broad spectrum efficacy via Chlorhexidine Gluconate - effective against a wide range of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, yeast, fungi and viruses.


APPLICATION AREA AND USAGE OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Therapeutic indications:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Antiseptic Mouthwash is an antimicrobial solution which inhibits the formation of dental plaque.
It is indicated as an aid to the treatment and prevention of gingivitis and in the maintenance of oral hygiene, particularly in situations where toothbrushing cannot be adequately employed (eg following oral surgery or in physically handicapped patients).
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used to promote gingival healing following periodontal surgery or to manage recurrent oral ulceration.
Additionally Chlorhexidine Gluconate is useful in the treatment of denture stomatitis and thrush.


Posology and method of administration
Children, adults and the elderly.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Antiseptic Mouthwash should be used as required up to twice daily


Rinse the mouth thoroughly for about 1 minute with 10 ml.
Prior to dental surgery, the patient should be instructed to rinse the mouth with 10 ml for 1 minute. In the treatment of gingivitis a course of about one month is recommended (ie two bottles).
For denture stomatitis cleanse and soak the denture in solution for 15 minutes twice daily.
In the case of aphthous ulceration and oral candidal infections, treatment should be continued for 48 hours after clinical resolution.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% Solution is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% is very effective against plaque, oral flora including Candida and is active against gram-positive and gram- negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeast.
It can be used in antiseptic soap, mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfecting wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is mainly available in OTC products to clean and prepare the skin before surgery and before injections in order to help reduce bacteria that potentially can cause skin infections.
These products are available as solutions, washes, sponges, and swabs and under many different brand names.



BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial biguanide used as a topical antiseptic and in dental practice for the treatment of inflammatory dental conditions caused by microorganisms.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is one of the most common skin and mucous membrane antiseptic agents in use today.
The molecule itself is a cationic bis-guanide consisting of two 4-chlorophenyl rings and two biguanide groups joined by a central hexamethylene chain.
Topical chlorhexidine for disinfection, as well as oral rinses for dental use, carries activity against a broad range of pathogens including bacteria, yeasts, and viruses.

Chlorhexidine was developed in the UK by Imperial Chemical Industries in the early 1950s and was introduced to the US in the 1970s.
The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of chlorhexidine gluconate topical tincture 0.5%, due to a significant number of reports concerning chemical and thermal burns associated with the use of this product.
Other formulations of chlorhexidine continue to be available.



HOW DOES CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE WORK?
The reason Chlorhexidine Gluconate works is that it’s positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.
Subsequently, it penetrates the cell of the microbe, causes leakage of intracellular components, leading to microbial cell death.

Solution:
One form of chlorhexidine which is widely used in dentistry is chlorhexidine gluconate, available in several forms, including oral rinse, mouthwash, and solution.
The oral rinse and mouthwash can be used to reduce plaque and gingivitis and can be used as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of adult periodontitis.

Chlorhexidine gluconate solution is often used to help treat and reduce periodontitis and periodontal gingivitis.
It works by killing bacteria and other microorganisms in the mouth and helps to reduce the inflammation and swelling of your gums and to reduce gum bleeding.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is effective against a wide range of oral pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans, which is a major contributor to tooth decay and plaque formation.

It is often used as a preoperative mouthwash, oral rinse, or as an ingredient in other oral care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash.
It’s also possible to mix it into other base oral rinses like OraVital ® CX620 Base Oral Rinse to achieve enhanced antiseptic properties.

The solution is sometimes used for surgical hand scrubs and preoperative skin preparation.
Antiseptic chlorhexidine is a topical antiseptic that is used to prevent infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.


What different forms can you buy Chlorhexidine Gluconate in?

Chlorhexidine solution can be found in different concentrations, such as 0.12%, 0.2% and 2%.
The 0.12% solution is typically used as a preoperative mouthwash and oral rinse, while the 0.2% solution is used for longer-term treatment of periodontal diseases.

Buying Chlorhexidine Gluconate in a concentrated solution is a wise consumer thing to do, but you’ll have to make sure to dilute it.

The 2% solution is used for cleansing, removal of residues, irrigation and disinfection of the root canal in root canal treatments.
But be forewarned, overuse or misuse of chlorhexidine can lead to tooth staining or other harmful and possibly lethal side effects.



ADVANTAGES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is effective antiseptic mouthwash.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate reduces inflammation, swelling, and bleeding due to gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate reduces the risk of forming dental caries.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate reduces plaque built up.


DISADVANTAGES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:

Chlorhexidine Gluconate may cause staining.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate may alter your taste perception.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate may cause temporary oral irritation and tooth pain.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate may cause build-up of tartar.


HOW TO USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE MOUTHWASH?

After brushing their teeth, patients usually use it twice daily or as directed by their dentist and/or dental hygienist.
The dental professional will measure 1/2 ounce (15 millilitres) of the solution using the supplied measuring cup, ask the patient to swish the solution in their mouth, rinse their mouth with the solution for 30 seconds, and then spit it out.

Patients should not swallow the solution or mix it with any other substance themselves.
After using chlorhexidine, they must wait at least 30 minutes before rinsing their mouth with water or mouthwash, brushing your teeth, eating, or drinking.
Dosage is based on the medical condition and response to treatment.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is a germicidal mouthwash that reduces bacteria in the mouth.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is topical antimicrobial agent.


CAS Number: 18472-51-0
MDL number: MFCD00083599
Molecular Formula: C34H54Cl2N10O14


Chlorhexidine Gluconate is very effective against plaque, oral flora including Candida and is active against gram-positive and gram- negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeast.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is mainly available in OTC products to clean and prepare the skin before surgery and before injections in order to help reduce bacteria that potentially can cause skin infections.


These products are available as solutions, washes, sponges, and swabs and under many different brand names.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate belongs to the class of medication called oral antiseptic and disinfectant agents used to treat mouth infections, mouth ulcers and gum disease/inflammation (gingivitis).


Mouth infections occur due to the overgrowth of bacteria in the mouth.
Symptoms include swollen gums, bad breath, teeth sensitivity, and unpleasant taste changes.
Gingivitis is a bacterial inflammation of the gums.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate acts as a bactericidal disinfectant. It is a high-efficiency, broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate effectively kills both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Store chlorhexidine gluconate at room temperature away from moisture and heat.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is an organochlorine compound and a D-gluconate adduct.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate has a role as an antibacterial agent. Chlorhexidine Gluconate is functionally related to a chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is the gluconate salt form of chlorhexidine, a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate is positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.
Subsequently, Chlorhexidine Gluconate penetrates into the cell and causes leakage of intracellular components leading to cell death.
Since gram positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to this agent.
A 2017 studyTrusted Source suggests chlorhexidine is the most effective antiseptic mouthwash to date.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate can be used in antiseptic soap, mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfecting wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.
Uses of Chlorhexidine Gluconate: Mouth infections, Gingivitis (gum inflammation), Dental plaque (tooth plaque).


Moreover, Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used for cleaning wounds and also disinfecting skin & hands.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate finds application in formulating cosmetic products.
Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse is used to treat gingivitis (swelling, redness, bleeding gums).


Chlorhexidine gluconate is usually prescribed by a dentist.
Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse is not for treating all types of gingivitis.
Use Chlorhexidine Gluconate only to treat the condition your dentist prescribed it for.


Do not share Chlorhexidine Gluconate with another person, even if they have the same gum symptoms you have.
The gluconate salt form of chlorhexidine is a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.


Subsequently, chlorhexidine gluconate penetrates into the cell and causes leakage of intracellular components leading to cell death.
Since gram positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to this agent.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a germicidal mouthwash that reduces bacteria in the mouth.


Chlorhexidine gluconate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used along with regular tooth brushing/flossing to treat gingivitis, a gum disease that causes red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums.
Chlorhexidine belongs to a class of drugs known as antimicrobials.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate works by decreasing the amount of bacteria in the mouth, helping to reduce swelling and redness of the gums and bleeding when you brush.
Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse is used to treat gingivitis (swelling, redness, bleeding gums).
Chlorhexidine gluconate is usually prescribed by a dentist.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used medication only to treat the condition your dentist prescribed it for.
Chlorhexidine gluconate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Use Chlorhexidine Gluconate for the full prescribed length of time.


Your symptoms may improve before your gingivitis is completely cleared.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is a prescription-only mouthrinse used to reduce plaque, treat gingivitis, or treat periodontitis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used along with regular tooth brushing/flossing to treat gingivitis, a gum disease that causes red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums.


Chlorhexidine belongs to a class of drugs known as antimicrobials.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate works by decreasing the amount of bacteria in the mouth, helping to reduce swelling and redness of the gums and bleeding when you brush.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate may also be used by people with weakened immune systems to decrease mouth sores (mucositis).


Chlorhexidine Gluconate may also be used to help hospitalized patients breathing through a ventilator not get pneumonia.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is the most effective treatment for gingivitis and/or gum disease.
When used regularly as part of a professional program for the treatment of gingivitis, as characterized by redness and swelling of the gingivae, this rinse reduces bacterial growth by 54-97% over a six month period.


For use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate in treatment of: Gingivitis, Periodontitis, Oral irrigation, Post-operative healing, Reduced tissue inflammation, Bleeding & Plaque accumulation.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used for bacterial spectrum includes both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, some viruses including HIV, and fungi; sporicidal only at elevated temperatures


Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used as an oral rinse, topical skin cleanser, and is incorporated into several types of medical devices.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used as a mouth rinse to treat gingivitis (gum irritation, redness, and swelling).


Chlorhexidine Gluconate may be used to treat other conditions as determined by your healthcare provider.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is a prescription germicidal mouthwash that decreases bacteria in your mouth.
Dentists primarily prescribe Chlorhexidine Gluconate to treat the inflammation, swelling, and bleeding that comes with gingivitis.


-Medicinal Benefits
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used to treat infections in the mouth, including gingivitis (gum inflammation), dental plaque, denture stomatitis and thrush.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate works by destroying the bacteria that cause gum disease, tartar, and other illnesses in the mouth.
As a result, Chlorhexidine Gluconate aids in the maintenance of proper dental and oral hygiene.


-Mouthwash:
Take the advised amount of the liquid into the mouth, swish for a minute, and spit out.
Do not swallow.


-Mouth gel:
Brush your teeth with the gel once or twice a day.
To treat aphthous and other mouth ulcers, apply the gel to the afflicted regions once or twice daily.


-Surgical hand scrub:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate significantly reduces the number of microorganisms on the hands and forearms prior to surgery or patient care
-Healthcare personnel handwash:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate helps reduce bacteria that potentially can cause infection.


-Patient preoperative skin preparation:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used for preparation of the patient’s skin prior to surgery.
Skin wound and general skin cleansing.


-Uses ofChlorhexidine Gluconate:
*Surgical hand scrub
*Healthcare personnel hand wash
*Patient preoperative skin preparation
*Skin wound and general cleansing



HOW DO YOU USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE?
Having your teeth thoroughly cleaned by your dentist before you start using the medicine may help prevent staining of your teeth by this medicine.
Check the label on the medicine for directions about your specific dose.
Use this medicine exactly as directed.
Do not use more or less or use it longer than prescribed.



HOW SHOULD YOU USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE?
Follow all directions on your prescription label.
Do not use chlorhexidine gluconate in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Rinse your mouth with chlorhexidine gluconate twice daily after brushing your teeth.

Measure your dose using the cup provided with the medication.
Swish the medicine in your mouth for at least 30 seconds, then spit Chlorhexidine Gluconate out.
Do not swallow the mouthwash.
Do not add water to the oral rinse.

Do not rinse your mouth with water or other mouthwashes right after using chlorhexidine gluconate.
Chlorhexidine gluconate may leave an unpleasant taste in your mouth.
Do not rinse your mouth to remove this taste after using the medication.
You may rinse the medicine away and reduce its effectiveness.



WHAT IS CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE AND HOW DOES CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE WORK?
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a prescription as well as an OTC medication used as a mouthwash to treat gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a well-known additive in the medical field to provide or enhance antiseptic properties for an array of different products, including oral rinses, medical dressings, etc.



CLASSES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
*Antiinfectives and Antiseptics for Local Oral Treatment
*Antiseptics and Disinfectants, Excluding Hand Products



HOW SHOULD YOU USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE?
Follow all directions on your prescription label.
Do not use Chlorhexidine Gluconate in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Rinse your mouth with chlorhexidine gluconate twice daily after brushing your teeth.

Measure your dose using the cup provided with the medication.
Swish the medicine in your mouth for at least 30 seconds, then spit it out.
Do not swallow the mouthwash.

Do not add water to the oral rinse.
Do not rinse your mouth with water or other mouthwashes right after using chlorhexidine gluconate.
Chlorhexidine gluconate may leave an unpleasant taste in your mouth.

Do not rinse your mouth to remove this taste after using the medication.
You may rinse the medicine away and reduce its effectiveness.
Use Chlorhexidine Gluconate for the full prescribed length of time.

Your symptoms may improve before your gingivitis is completely cleared.
Chlorhexidine gluconate will not treat a viral or fungal infection such as cold sores, canker sores, or oral thrush (yeast infection).



HOW TO USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE MOUTHWASH
Rinse your mouth with Chlorhexidine Gluconate after brushing your teeth as directed by your doctor, usually twice daily (after breakfast and at bedtime).
Measure 1/2 ounce (15 milliliters) of the solution using the supplied measuring cup.
Swish Chlorhexidine Gluconate in your mouth for 30 seconds, and then spit it out.
Do not swallow Chlorhexidine Gluconate or mix it with any other substance.
After using Chlorhexidine Gluconate, wait at least 30 minutes before rinsing your mouth with water or mouthwash, brushing your teeth, eating, or drinking.



HOW TO USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Hands:
Wet hands.
Apply 5ml to 10ml of solution and wash for 1 minute.
Pay special attention to underneath the fingernails.
Rinse thoroughly.

-Body:
Wet yourself in the shower and turn water off.
Apply generously to your skin and rub it in gently for five minutes with a washcloth.
Turn the water back on and rinse very well with warm water.
Do not use your regular soap after using and rinsing.
Pat yourself dry with a clean towel.



EXPERT ADVICE FOR CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Use Chlorhexidine Gluconate after meals, it may affect the taste of foods and beverages.
For maximum effectiveness avoid rinsing mouth (with water or any other mouthwash), brushing teeth, eating or drinking for 30 minutes after using the Chlorhexidine Gluconate.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate may cause permanent discolouration of some tooth fillings.

To minimize discolouration, brush and floss daily, focussing on the areas which begin to discolour.
Do not mix/dilute Chlorhexidine Gluconate with any other product.
If the solution comes in contact with your eyes, rinse well with water.
Notify your doctor if you are or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding.



WHAT IS CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE MOUTHRINSE?
Chlorhexidine gluconate is just one of the treatments available for oral health conditions like early gum disease (gingivitis) and advanced gum disease (periodontitis).
According to a literature review in the Journal of Dentistry, chlorhexidine is prescribed to reduce plaque (dental biofilm), prevent cavities and infections, or treat periodontitis.
Typically chlorhexidine gluconate is prescribed for temporary use.



HOW DOES CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE WORK?
Chlorhexidine gluconate is an antimicrobial: Chlorhexidine gluconate kills bacteria throughout the mouth.
Chlorhexidine can be applied in different ways.
If your dental or medical professional prescribes a mouthrinse, follow the directions.
According to a study in the Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, chlorhexidine gluconate may also be applied directly under the gumline at home or in an appointment.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Molecular Weight: 897.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 18
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 16
Rotatable Bond Count: 23
Exact Mass: 896.3198018
Monoisotopic Mass: 896.3198018
Topological Polar Surface Area: 455 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 60
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 819
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 8
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
*Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency
procedures, consult an expert.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Storage stability
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12: Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
18472-51-0
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Hibiclens
Peridex
Dyna-hex
Bioscrub
Chlorhexidine D-digluconate
Exidine
Microderm
Periochip
Periogard
Unisept
Brian Care
Steri-Stat
Cida-Stat
Hibistat
Pharmaseal Scrub Care
CHG SCRUB
Prevacare
Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate
MOR84MUD8E
NSC-753971
Hibiscrub
Hibitane
1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), digluconate
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) di-D-gluconate
Bacticlens
Chlorhexamed
Kleersight
Corsodyl
Disteryl
Hibident
Hibidil
Orahexal
Plurexid
Septeal
Abacil
Fight bac
Plac out
Prevacare R
Arlacide G
Hibitane 5
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
Chlorhexidin glukonatu
Peridex (antiseptic)
Bactoshield CHG 2%
Caswell No. 481G
55-56-1
UNII-MOR84MUD8E
PwrioChip
1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane
pHiso-Med
Hibitane gluconate
Hibiclens (TN)
Periogard (TN)
DRG-0091
EINECS 242-354-0
Peridex (TN)
MFCD00083599
Chlohexidine gluconate
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045504
READYPREP CHG
Chlorhexidine gluconate [USAN:USP:JAN]
EC 242-354-0
SCHEMBL34468
1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane digluconate
CHEMBL4297088
DTXSID5034519
CHEBI:28312
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) gluconate
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)digluconate
Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, digluconate
Chlorhexidine gluconate (JP17/USP)
AKOS015896303
AKOS025310696
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [MART.]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [VANDF]
NSC 753971
CHLORHEXIDINE D-DIGLUCONATE [MI]
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE [INCI]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [WHO-DD]
D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [ORANGE BOOK]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [USP IMPURITY]
AVAGARD COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
C08038
D00858
SOLUPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
CHLORAPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF AVAGARD
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF SOLUPREP
J-011837
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF CHLORAPREP
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] Digluconate
Chlorhexidine digluconate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid(1:2)
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[N-[6-[[N-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]carbamimidoyl]amino]hexyl]carbamimidoyl]guanidine; (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, digluconate
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
D-Gluconic acid, compd with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)
N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)]--D-gluconic acid (1/2)
chlorhexidine gluconate, oral rinse
Paroex
Peridex
PerioGard

CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE = CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE


CAS Number: 18472-51-0
EC Number: 242-354-0
MDL number: MFCD00083599
Molecular Formula: C34H54Cl2N10O14


Chlorhexidine gluconate is a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is most commonly known by the salt forms which include chlorhexidine gluconate and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) or chlorhexidine acetate.
Chlorhexidine gluconate belongs to a class of drugs known as antimicrobials.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is the most effective antiseptic used in dentistry.
Chlorhexidine gluconate binds tightly to oral tissues and releases slowly providing a sustained effect.
Chlorhexidine gluconate inhibits plaque formation through its ability to penetrate plaque biofilm and kill bacteria.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 20% finds application in formulating cosmetic products.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is an organochlorine compound and a D-gluconate adduct.
Chlorhexidine gluconate has a role as an antibacterial agent.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is functionally related to a chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is the active ingredient in most commercially available antibacterial oral rinses.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate is an antiseptic.
Chlorhexidine gluconate works by binding to the surface of teeth, inner cheeks and gums.
This kills the infectious microorganisms that cause gum disease, ulcers and other mouth infections.
Sodium Monofluorophosphate works by making the teeth stronger and preventing decay (cavity) caused by bacteria.


Triclosan also kills the harmful bacteria and fungi by attacking their outer covering.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is often combined with an alcohol such as ethanol or isopropyl.
In the 1950s, the medical community began using Chlorhexidine gluconate.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is available over-the-counter and included on the List of Essential Medicines created by the World Health Organization (WHO).


Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 20% acts as a bactericidal disinfectant.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is a high-efficiency, broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic.
Use Chlorhexidine gluconate regularly to get the most benefit from it.
Use Chlorhexidine gluconate at the same times each day.


Chlorhexidine gluconate may take up to 6 weeks to see the full benefits of using this medication.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is the gluconate salt form of chlorhexidine, a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity.


Chlorhexidine gluconate contains chlorhexidine gluconate (an antiseptic).
Chlorhexidine gluconate works by destroying the bacteria that cause gum disease, tartar, and other illnesses in the mouth.
As a result, Chlorhexidine gluconate aids in the maintenance of proper dental and oral hygiene.
The gluconate salt form of chlorhexidine is a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Chlorhexidine gluconate is often used to disinfect the skin prior to surgery in addition to sterilizing surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used to disinfect the patient’s skin and the healthcare provider’s hands.
Chlorhexidine gluconate can also be used to clean a wound, help prevent dental plaque, treat oral yeast infections, and prevent blockage in urinary catheters.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is used in a liquid or powder form.
Chlorhexidine gluconate has been used for many years in almost every dental specialty.
In different formulations Chlorhexidine gluconate is used to treat periodontal disease and gingivitis, as an irrigant for root canals, and to promote healing after surgery.
Chlorhexidine gluconate has been embraced worldwide as an antiseptic in a number of clinical settings and for a variety of uses.


Chlorhexidine gluconate in lower concentrations is easily deactivated by many surfactants and emulsifiers; it is therefore recommended that chlorhexidine remain on the skin or other targeted tissues, unadulterated by cleansers or sanitizers, which lead to deactivation of its antiseptic properties.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is also widely used in veterinary medicine as a topical disinfectant for wounds and to treat infections on the skin, and disinfectant products that contain chlorhexidine are commonly used in dairy farming.


Chlorhexidine gluconatehas been found to possibly lead to respiratory problems following surgical procedures in cats, specifically.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used along with regular tooth brushing/flossing to treat gingivitis, a gum disease that causes red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums.
Chlorhexidine gluconate works by decreasing the amount of bacteria in the mouth, helping to reduce swelling and redness of the gums and bleeding when you brush.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is an antiseptic that is used to disinfect surgical sites and to sterilize the instruments used in surgical procedures.
Chlorhexidine gluconate may also be used to disinfect the hands of the medical professionals performing surgical procedures, to clean wounds, to keep urinary catheters from becoming blocked, and to treat candida infections in the mouth.
For periodontology purposes, Chlorhexidine gluconate is also used to prevent dental plaque.


Chlorhexidine gluconate may be used in liquid or powder form and has been used for medical purposes since the 1950s.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is included on the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines.
In addition to its medical uses, Chlorhexidine gluconate is also a common additive in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
Dental professionals recommend the use of chlorhexidine mouth rinses in addition to traditional recommended oral hygiene practices of regular brushing and flossing.


However, because of the specific ways chlorhexidine interacts with certain compounds in toothpaste, it is recommended that users wait to use chlorhexidine at least 30 minutes, if not longer, after brushing.
Moreover, Chlorhexidine gluconate is used for cleaning wounds and also disinfecting skin & hands.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is a prescription-only mouthrinse used to reduce plaque, treat gingivitis, or treat periodontitis.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is a germicidal mouthwash that reduces bacteria in the mouth.
Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse is used to treat gingivitis (swelling, redness, bleeding gums).
Chlorhexidine gluconate is usually prescribed by a dentist.
Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse is not for treating all types of gingivitis.


Use Chlorhexidine gluconate only to treat the condition your dentist prescribed it for.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used along with regular tooth brushing/flossing to treat gingivitis, a gum disease that causes red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums.
Chlorhexidine belongs to a class of drugs known as antimicrobials.


Chlorhexidine gluconate works by decreasing the amount of bacteria in the mouth, helping to reduce swelling and redness of the gums and bleeding when you brush.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% Solution is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.


Chlorhexidine gluconate can be used in antiseptic soap, mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfecting wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.
Normally prescribed by your dentist, chlorhexidine gluconate is used to treat gingivitis that causes swelling, redness, and bleeding gums.
Chlorhexidine gluconate may also work for periodontal disease.


When you rinse with it, the active ingredient, Chlorhexidine gluconate, immediately works to destroy harmful mouth bacteria, even after you spit, leading to a large reduction in plaque build-up, caused by mouth bacteria.
Chlorhexidine gluconate 20% is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is very effective against plaque, oral flora including Candida and is active against gram-positive and gram- negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeast.
Chlorhexidine gluconate can be used in antiseptic soap, mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfecting wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.


Your symptoms may improve before your gingivitis is completely cleared.
Chlorhexidine gluconate belongs to the class of medication called oral antiseptic and disinfectant agents used to treat mouth infections, mouth ulcers and gum disease/inflammation (gingivitis).
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used Mouth infections, Gingivitis (gum inflammation), Dental plaque (tooth plaque).


Dentists may recommend the use of a chlorhexidine gluconate-based mouthwash, in combination with regular brushing and flossing, to help improve gingivitis in its early stages and with the aim of reducing plaque buildup.
Because chlorhexidine gluconate interacts with ingredients in toothpaste to reduce the solubility and presence of active antibacterial compounds, it is recommended that chlorhexidine gluconate rinses be administered at least 30 minutes, and ideally two hours, after brushing the teeth.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is also available as an oral antiseptic lozenge, called Hexoraletten N, that also contains benzocaine and menthol.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a well-known additive in the medical field to provide or enhance antiseptic properties for an array of different products, including oral rinses, medical dressings, etc.
A Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% oral rinse for use between dental visits as part of a professional program for the treatment of gingivitis.

Refill includes 12 - 16 oz bottles.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is widely used for disinfection before surgery, to sterilize surgical instruments and the hands of surgeons.
Chlorhexidine gluconate may be used to disinfect the patient’s skin before and after surgery.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is also commonly used to clean wounds, prevent the buildup of dental plaque, and to treat yeast infections in the oral cavity.


Chlorhexidine gluconate was first used in medical settings in the 1950s and is included on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is available over the counter in the United States and is often prepared in a water or alcohol solution.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is a powerful antiseptic that kills 99.9% of germs in 30 seconds.


While active against many organisms and yeasts, Chlorhexidine gluconate is ineffective against polioviruses, and its effectiveness against herpes viruses is unknown.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is commonly added to cosmetics, used as a disinfectant, and functions as a preservative in eye drops and the active ingredient in topical treatments and mouthwashes.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is particularly helpful in developing countries.
In Nepal, doctors pioneered the use of Chlorhexidine gluconate to reduce umbilical cord infection in newborns, dramatically reducing the country’s neonatal mortality rates.
Chlorhexidine gluconate obstetric lavage has also been demonstrated to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to infant, which is instrumental in developing countries with higher HIV rates.


Additionally, Chlorhexidine gluconate eye drops have been shown to be effective against corneal infections caused by ameobae, which are more prevalent in areas with lower socioeconomic status.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used to treat or prevent mouth infections.
Chlorhexidine gluconate 4% provides antiseptic action with a persistent antimicrobial effect against a range of microorganisms.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is most commonly used as a disinfectant on the skin and hands, in cosmetics as an additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants, and in pharmaceutical products.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is a common preservative found in eye drops, the active substance included in wound dressings and included in antiseptic mouthwashes.


Chlorhexidine gluconate is also used as an intracanal dressing and for irrigation in a root canal.
Mouthwashes have been created which contain Chlorhexidine gluconate and cause less staining of the teeth compared to the classic solution.
The use of Chlorhexidine gluconate to supplement an oral hygiene regimen has shown to lead to aid in reducing gingivitis.


-Uses of Chlorhexidine gluconate:
*Surgical hand scrub
*Healthcare personnel hand wash
*Patient preoperative skin preparation
*Skin wound and general cleansing


-Surgical hand scrub:
Chlorhexidine gluconate significantly reduces the number of microorganisms on the hands and forearms prior to surgery or patient care


-Healthcare personnel handwash:
Chlorhexidine gluconate helps reduce bacteria that potentially can cause infection


-Patient preoperative skin preparation:
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used for preparation of the patient’s skin prior to surgery
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used Skin wound and general skin cleansing


-Antiseptic uses of Chlorhexidine gluconate:
Strong evidence suggests that Chlorhexidine gluconate is more effective than povidone-iodine and kills 99.9% of germs within 30 seconds or less.



WHAT IS CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE MOUTHRINSE?
Chlorhexidine gluconate is just one of the treatments available for oral health conditions like early gum disease (gingivitis) and advanced gum disease (periodontitis).
According to a literature review in the Journal of Dentistry, Chlorhexidine gluconate is prescribed to reduce plaque (dental biofilm), prevent cavities and infections, or treat periodontitis.
Typically chlorhexidine gluconate is prescribed for temporary use.



FEATURES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE ANTISEPTIC MOUTHWASH:
*Reduces bacteria in mouth
*Treats gingivitis
*Peppermint flavour
*Reduces plaque build-up



HOW DOES CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE WORK?
Chlorhexidine gluconate is an antimicrobial: it kills bacteria throughout the mouth.
Chlorhexidine can be applied in different ways.
If your dental or medical professional prescribes a mouthrinse, follow the directions.
According to a study in the Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, chlorhexidine gluconate may also be applied directly under the gumline at home or in an appointment.



CLASSES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Antiinfectives and Antiseptics for Local Oral Treatment
Antiseptics and Disinfectants, Excluding Hand Products



MEDICINAL BENEFITS OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used to treat infections in the mouth, including gingivitis (gum inflammation), dental plaque, denture stomatitis and thrush.
Chlorhexidine gluconate works by destroying the bacteria that cause gum disease, tartar, and other illnesses in the mouth.
As a result, Chlorhexidine gluconate aids in the maintenance of proper dental and oral hygiene.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
Molecular Weight: 897.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 18
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 16
Rotatable Bond Count: 23
Exact Mass: 896.3198018
Monoisotopic Mass: 896.3198018
Topological Polar Surface Area: 455 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 60
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 819
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 8

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Water Solubility: 0.0261 mg/mL
logP: 2.71
logP: 4.51
logS: -4.3
pKa (Strongest Basic): 10.52
Physiological Charge: 4
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 10

Hydrogen Donor Count: 10
Polar Surface Area: 167.58 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 19
Refractivity: 181.71 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 53.95 Å3
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: 0
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Appearance Form: liquid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting No data available point/freezing point:
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Hibiclens
18472-51-0
Peridex
Dyna-hex
Bioscrub
Chlorhexidine D-digluconate
Exidine
Microderm
Periochip
Periogard
Unisept
Brian Care
Steri-Stat
Cida-Stat
Hibistat
Pharmaseal Scrub Care
CHG SCRUB
Prevacare
Chlorhexidine digluconate solution
Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate
MOR84MUD8E
NSC-753971
Hibiscrub
Hibitane
1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), digluconate
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) di-D-gluconate
Bacticlens
Chlorhexamed
Kleersight
Corsodyl
Disteryl
Hibident
Hibidil
Orahexal
Plurexid
Septeal
Abacil
Plac out
Prevacare R
Arlacide G
Hibitane 5
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
Chlorhexidin glukonatu
Peridex (antiseptic)
Bactoshield CHG 2%
Caswell No. 481G
UNII-MOR84MUD8E
PwrioChip
1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane
pHiso-Med
Hibitane gluconate
Hibiclens (TN)
Periogard (TN)
DRG-0091
EINECS 242-354-0
Peridex (TN)
MFCD00083599
Chlohexidine gluconate
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045504
READYPREP CHG
Chlorhexidine gluconate
EC 242-354-0
SCHEMBL34468
1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane digluconate
CHEMBL4297088
DTXSID5034519
CHEBI:28312
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) gluconate
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)digluconate
Chx plus concentrate premium chlorhexidine teat dip concentrate
Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, digluconate
AKOS015896303
AKOS025310696
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
NSC 753971
Gluconic acid, compd. with 1,1'-hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) (2:1), D-
D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)
D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
AVAGARD COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
C08038
D00858
Chlorhexidine digluconate solution, 20% in H2O
SOLUPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
CHLORAPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF AVAGARD
Chlorhexidine digluconate, 20% w/v aqueous solution
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF SOLUPREP
J-011837
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF CHLORAPREP
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE SOLUTION
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] Digluconate
Chlorhexidine digluconate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard
Certified Reference Material
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid(1:2)
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[N-[6-[[N-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]carbamimidoyl]amino]hexyl]carbamimidoyl]guanidine
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, digluconate
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
D-Gluconic acid, compd with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)
D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecane diimidamide (2:1)
D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N1,N14-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)
N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)]--D-gluconic acid (1/2)
bis((2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid); N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-{N'-[6-(N-{[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamido]methanimidoyl}amino)hexyl]carbamimidamido}methanimidamide
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Chlorhexidine digluconate
1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide)
D-gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a substance used on humans and animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a salt of chlorhexidine and gluconic acid.


CAS Number: 18472-51-0
EC Number: 242-354-0
MDL number: MFCD00083599
IUPAC Name: 2-[6-[[amino-[[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10•2C6H12O7



SYNONYMS:
(1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine, (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Chlorhexidine Digluconate, CHG, Bis(p-chlorophenyl)diguanidohexane digluconate, 1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane, 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide), Chlorhexidine bigluconate, Chlorhexidine gluconate, Hibiclens, Peridex, Unisept, Chlorhexidine D-digluconate, Exidine, Periogard, N,N''''-1,6-Hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidicdiamide)] D-gluconic acid (1:2), 1,6-bis(4-Chlorophenyldiguanino)hexane digluconate, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide), Bis(p-chlorophenyl)diguanidohexane digluconate, D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N1, N14-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1), Gluconic acid, compd. with 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2:1), D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N′′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1), D-Gluconic acid, compd. with 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2:1), Biguanide, 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, di-D-gluconate, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N′′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate, 1,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyldiguanino)hexane digluconate, Chlorhexidine digluconate, 1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane digluconate, Bis(p-chlorophenyl)diguanidohexane digluconate, Chlorhexidine gluconate, 1,6-Bis[N5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanido]hexane digluconate, 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] digluconate, Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate, Hibiscrub, Arlacide G, Disteryl, Abacil, Corsodyl, Hibitane, Septeal, Peridex, Hibitane 5, Peridex (antiseptic), Chlorhexidine bigluconate, Hexidine, Hibisol, Maskin, Maskin R, Manusan, SY 1007, Betasept, Hibistat, Geksikon, Blue Ribbon Sanitizing Teat Dip, Sterilon, Chlorhexamed, Rotersept, Hibital, PHiso-Med, Plac Out, Hibidil, Unisept, Bacticlens, Gingisan, Secalan, PerioChip, Akhdez 3000, CHG Solution BP, Oramed, Hexicon, Hibitane G, Permachem CL 40, Chloraprep, Antiseptol, Purit, Hexana, Acclean, Medihex-4, Dentochlor, 105791-72-8, 124973-71-3, 12068-31-4, 14007-07-9, 21293-24-3, 23289-58-9, 40330-16-3, 51365-13-0, 52196-45-9, 52387-19-6, 60042-57-1, 60404-86-6, 82432-16-4, 452971-25-4, 150621-85-5, 151498-43-0, 227749-99-7, 230296-52-3, 906339-38-6, D-Gluconic acid,compd. with N1,N14-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1), Gluconic acid,compd. with 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2:1),D-, D-Gluconic acid,compd. with N,N′′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1), D-Gluconic acid,compd. with 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2:1), Biguanide,1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)-,di-D-gluconate, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide,N,N′′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-,di-D-gluconate, 1,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyldiguanino)hexane digluconate, Chlorhexidine digluconate, 1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane digluconate, Bis(p-chlorophenyl)diguanidohexane digluconate, Chlorhexidine gluconate, 1,6-Bis[N5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanido]hexane digluconate, 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] digluconate, Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate, Hibiscrub, Arlacide G, Disteryl, Abacil, Corsodyl, Hibitane, Septeal, Peridex, Hibitane 5, Peridex (antiseptic), Chlorhexidine bigluconate, Hexidine, Hibisol, Maskin, Maskin R, Manusan, SY 1007, Betasept, Hibistat, Geksikon, Blue Ribbon Sanitizing Teat Dip, Sterilon, Chlorhexamed, Rotersept, Hibital, PHiso-Med, Plac Out, Hibidil, Unisept, Bacticlens, Gingisan, Secalan, PerioChip, Akhdez 3000, CHG Solution BP, Oramed, Hexicon, Hibitane G, Permachem CL 40, Chloraprep, Antiseptol, Purit, Hexana, Acclean, Medihex-4, Dentochlor, 105791-72-8, 124973-71-3, 12068-31-4, 14007-07-9, 21293-24-3, 23289-58-9, 40330-16-3, 51365-13-0, 52196-45-9, 52387-19-6, 60042-57-1, 60404-86-6, 82432-16-4, 452971-25-4, 150621-85-5, 151498-43-0, 227749-99-7, 230296-52-3, 906339-38-6, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] digluconate, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid(1:2), Peridex, Chlorhexidine digluconate, peridex, periogard, chlorhexidine gluconate, 1,1'-hexamethylene bis 5-p-chlorophenyl biguanide di-d-gluconate



Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is very effective against plaque, oral flora including Candida and is active against gram-positive and gram- negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeast.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), a bis(biguanide) family cationic broad spectrum antibiotic is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a commonly used disinfectant approved by FDA more than 40 years ago.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a substance used on humans and animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad-spectrum biocide effective against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Depending on concentration, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) kills by disrupting the cell membrane.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a substance used on humans and animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a salt of chlorhexidine and gluconic acid.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is effective against a wide range of bacteria, some fungi and some viruses, and an agent for the prevention of gingivitis.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) inhibits oxygen utilization which leads to a reduction in bacterial ATP .
Commercial ophthalmic products have used Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) to replace thimerosal as a preservative.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a well-known additive in the medical field to provide or enhance antiseptic properties for an array of different products, including oral rinses, medical dressings, etc.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) , also known as chlorhexidine gluconate ( CHG ), is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a cationic surface active preservative with broad-spectrum antibacterial effect.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky liquid, odorless or almost odorless.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is miscible with water, dissolved in ethanol or propanol.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an almost colourless or pale-yellow transparent liquid, odorless, miscible with water, sparingly soluble in alcohol and acetone.


Relative density of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is 1. 060 ～1.070.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is miscible with water, ethanol and acetone.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is popularly known as Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 20% acts to kill bacteria.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad-spectrum bactericidal agent.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is (broad-spectrum) with high efficiency.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in hospitals to prevent infection of patients during surgeries and can also be found in mouthrinses.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) inhibits oxygen utilization which leads to a reduction in bacterial ATP.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)'s mechanism of action is to change the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a disinfectant and antiseptic.


Some Staphylococcus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and anaerobic propionic acid bacteria are highly sensitive to it, Haemophilus Streptococcus is moderately sensitive, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Gram-negative cocci such as Veillonella are of low susceptibility.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)'s antibacterial effect on Gram-positive and negative bacteria is stronger than that of benzalkonium bromide and other disinfectants.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a preferred skin antiseptic over tinctures of iodine, iophors and alcohol.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is still effective in the presence of serum, blood, etc.
The mechanism of action of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is to adsorb on the osmotic barrier of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, so that the contents of the cell can leak out to play an antibacterial effect.


Low concentration of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has antibacterial effect, high concentration has bactericidal effect.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a commonly used disinfectant approved by FDA more than 40 years ago.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is offered as a 20% solution.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), a bis(biguanide) family cationic broad spectrum antibiotic is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is effective against a wide range of bacteria, some fungi and some viruses, and an agent for the prevention of gingivitis.
Commercial ophthalmic products have used Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) to replace thimerosal as a preservative; however, it can cause skin irritation.


Dilute solutions of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) (<1,0% w/v) may be sterilised by autoclaving at 115 °C for 30 minutes or at 121 to 123 °C for 15 minutes.
Cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)'s mechanism of action involves destabilisation of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an antimicrobial irrigant that is used as an antiseptic for the skin in the healthcare industry.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a preferred skin antiseptic over tinctures of iodine, iophors and alcohol.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a substituted diguanidine salt with a high degree of antimicrobial activity, low mammalian toxicity and the ability to bind to the stratum corneum layer of skin and to mucous membranes.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.
liquid,odourless or almost odourless.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as a germicidal mouthwash used to treat mouth bacteria and gingivitis.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an antiseptic agent that has been shown to decrease microbial flora on the skin and prevent infection risk in various settings, including as a skin preparatory agent for surgical procedures and for insertion of vascular access devices, as a surgical hand scrub, and for oral hygiene.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has been shown to reduce plaque in the oral cavity, it has been shown to be effective in minimizing the septic episodes in the oral cavity when used with other chemotherapeutic agents.
The effectiveness of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is documented in many controlled clinical trials showing a 50% to 60% decrease in plaque, a 30% to 45% reduction in gingivitis, and a reduction in the number of oral bacteria.


The efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) stems from its ability to bind to oral tissues and slow release into the oral cavity.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a disinfect and antiseptic medicine; bactericide, strong function of broad-spectrum bacteriostasis, sterilization ; take effective for kill gram-positive bacteria gram-negative bacteria; used for disinfecting hands, skin, washing wound.


Dosage of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.
Use Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) after meals, it may affect the taste of foods and beverages.
For maximum effectiveness avoid rinsing mouth (with water or any other mouthwash), brushing teeth, eating or drinking for 30 minutes after using the Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG).


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)'s mechanism of action involves destabilisation of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as a germicidal mouthwash used to treat mouth bacteria and gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also employed in surgical hand scrubs, hand wash, and skin wound and general cleansing.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) preservative is a cosmetics preservative with broad efficacy against bacteria and fungi.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a mild preservative and is gentle to the skin and mucosa.
This preservative, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), is suitable for leave-on and rinse-off products.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a cationic surface active preservative with broad-spectrum antibacterial effect.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)'s mechanism of action is to change the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a disinfectant and antiseptic.


Some Staphylococcus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and anaerobic propionic acid bacteria are highly sensitive to it, Haemophilus Streptococcus is moderately sensitive, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Gram-negative cocci such as Veillonella are of low susceptibility.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)'s antibacterial effect on Gram-positive and negative bacteria is stronger than that of benzalkonium bromide and other disinfectants.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is still effective in the presence of serum, blood, etc.


The mechanism of action of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is to adsorb on the osmotic barrier of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, so that the contents of the cell can leak out to play an antibacterial effect.
Low concentration of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has antibacterial effect, high concentration has bactericidal effect.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as an oral antiseptic agent and anti-microbial agent.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an active ingredient in germicidal mouthwash, pet shampoo, surgical lubricants and wipes and hand soap.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is utilized in the study to know the role of essential oils for improving skin antisepsis.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) plays a vital role as disinfectants and preservative in pharmaceutical products.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used as an additive in cosmetics such as creams, toothpaste and deodorants.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a high-quality antiseptic for a wide range of indications.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky liquid,odourless or almost odourless.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is the salt of Chlorhexidine, which is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent for reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult periodontitis.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used for cleaning wounds and disinfecting the skin and hands.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a skin cleanser that keeps working after you use it.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in disinfectants for disinfection of the skin and hands.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in cosmetics as an additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants and antiperspirants.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) belongs to a class of drugs known as antimicrobials.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) works by decreasing the amount of bacteria in the mouth, helping to reduce swelling and redness of the gums and bleeding when you brush.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare provider.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used for cleaning wounds , preventing dental plaque , treating yeast infections of the mouth , and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in pharmaceutical products as a preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a strong antiseptic (liquid used to kill germs and bacteria).


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is popularly known as Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 20% acts to kill bacteria.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad-spectrum bactericidal agent.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is (broad-spectrum) with high efficiency.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is effectively kills Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as an oral antiseptic agent and anti-microbial agent.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an active ingredient in germicidal mouthwash, pet shampoo, surgical lubricants and wipes and hand soap.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is utilized in the study to know the role of essential oils for improving skin antisepsis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) plays a vital role as disinfectants and preservative in pharmaceutical products.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used as an additive in cosmetics such as creams, toothpaste and deodorants.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used along with regular tooth brushing/flossing to treat gingivitis, a gum disease that causes red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has been used to study how essential oils improve skin antisepsis when combined with chlorhexidine digluconate and is used for skin permeation studies.


Chronic rinsing with chlorhexidine has been shown to decrease the saltiness of NaCl and the bitterness of quinine.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in conjuction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can increase its effectiveness.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be used in antiseptic soap, mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfecting wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used Prescription mouthwash.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used surgical preparation for skin.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used antibacterial soap and skin cleanser.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used surgical scrub and antiseptic hand rinse for healthcare personnel.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used Skin cleanser for preoperative skin preparation, skin wound and general skin cleanser for patients.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used Oral use.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used Antibacterial dental rinse for gingivitis treatment.
Periodontal chip: Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used Adjunctive therapy to reduce pocket depth in patients with periodontitis


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used veterinary use.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as a liquid or powder.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used effective protection against Mastitis by cows.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in the general dairy hygiene of milk producing animals


Typical concentration as antiseptic is 0,5 – 4% of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG).
Chlorhexidine, also known as Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as a liquid or powder.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also employed in surgical hand scrubs, hand wash, and skin wound and general cleansing.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.


Chlorhexidine Digluconate (CHG) is popularly known as Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 20% acts to kill bacteria.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad-spectrum bactericidal agent (broad-spectrum) with high efficiency Effectively kills Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used for cleaning wounds and disinfecting the skin and hands.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may cause permanent discolouration of some tooth fillings.
To minimize discolouration, brush and floss daily, focussing on the areas which begin to discolour.


Do not mix/dilute Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) with any other product.
If Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) comes in contact with your eyes, rinse well with water.
It has been used to study how essential oils improve skin antisepsis when combined with Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) and is used for skin permeation studies.


Chronic rinsing with Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has been shown to decrease the saltiness of NaCl and the bitterness of quinine.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in conjuction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can increase its effectiveness.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in hospitals to prevent infection of patients during surgeries and can also be found in mouthrinses.
Use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) oral rinse in a six month clinical study did not result in any significant changes in bacterial resistance, overgrowth of potentially opportunistic organisms or other adverse changes in the oral microbial ecosystem.


Three months after Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) oral rinse use was discontinued, the number of bacteria in plaque had returned to baseline levels and resistance of plaque bacteria to Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) was equal to that at baseline.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an antimicrobial irrigant that is used as an antiseptic for the skin in the healthcare industry.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as a germicidal mouthwash used to treat mouth bacteria and gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used for its antiseptic action above all in dentistry and dental care, as well as for cleaning and disinfection of wounds.


Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), for example, is a widely-used broad-spectrum antiseptic, which has faster and longer-acting antiseptic action and capability than the iodophors.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky liquid, odorless.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is miscible with water, dissolved in ethanol or propanol.



INDICATIONS AND USAGE FOR CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) oral rinse is indicated for use between dental visits as part of a professional program for the treatment of gingivitis as characterized by redness and swelling of the gingivae, including gingival bleeding upon probing.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) oral rinse has not been tested among patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG).



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) - Clinical Pharmacology
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) oral rinse provides antimicrobial activity during oral rinsing.

The clinical significance of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) oral rinse’s antimicrobial activities is not clear.
Microbiological sampling of plaque has shown a general reduction of counts of certain assayed bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic, ranging from 54–97% through six months use.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
*Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) Appearance:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky liquid, odorless.
*Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) Solubility:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is miscible with water, dissolved in ethanol or propanol.



INDUSTRIES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
*Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients,
*Cosmetics and Personal Care,
*Household,
*Industrial & Institutional



HOW LONG SHOULD YOU USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG)?
How long should you use Chlorhexidine Gluconate?
The duration of use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) will depend on the condition it is being prescribed for.
If you are using Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) for gum disease (gingivitis) it may be used for a month.
If being Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) used for mouth ulcers and thrush, this mouthwash may be used till 2 days after the symptoms are relieved.



DOES CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG) STAIN TEETH?
Yes, though it does not occur in everyone, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may stain your teeth and tongue.
Staining is not permanent and may disappear after discontinuation of treatment.
Brushing the teeth with regular toothpaste before using Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can prevent staining.
You should also avoid tannin-containing food and drinks such as tea and coffee.



SOLUBILITY OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is miscible with water, ethanol and acetone.



NOTES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
Store Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) in a cool place.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has light sensitive.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.



FEATURES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
*Manufactured in a dedicated facility in a humidity-controlled environment
*US DMF approved, routinely inspected by US FDA
*Stock maintained globally
*Manufactured throughout the year offering supply security



DOES CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG) HELP BAD BREATH?
Yes, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is effective in reducing bad breath, which persists for about 3 hours.
However, the risk of staining teeth and alteration of taste should be borne in mind before you start using Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG).
Also, use Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) judiciously.



HOW SHOULD CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG) BE USED?
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) should be used as required.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is generally used twice daily.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly for about 1 minute with 10 ml of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) mouthwash.
After rinsing, expel Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) from your mouth.



WHAT PRECATUIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHILE USING CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG)?
Using toothpastes immediately after the mouthwash may interfere with the working of mouthwash properly.
Use Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) before the mouthwash or at a different time of the day.
Always rinse your mouth before using the mouthwash.



HOW TO USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG) MOUTHWASH:
How to use Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) Mouthwash:
Rinse your mouth with Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) after brushing your teeth as directed by your doctor, usually twice daily (after breakfast and at bedtime).
Measure 1/2 ounce (15 milliliters) of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) using the supplied measuring cup.

Swish Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) in your mouth for 30 seconds, and then spit it out.
Do not swallow Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) or mix it with any other substance.
After using Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), wait at least 30 minutes before rinsing your mouth with water or mouthwash, brushing your teeth, eating, or drinking.



CONTRAINDICATIONS OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) oral rinse should not be used by persons who are known to be hypersensitive to chlorhexidine gluconate or other formula ingredients.



HOW DO I USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG) THE CLOTHS?
The Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) bath must be done at least six hours before surgery, but no more than 24 hours before surgery.
Before you begin, your nurse will provide you with the right number of cloths and tell you where to use them on your child:

Follow these steps:
*Remove any stool from your child's bottom before wiping with Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) cloths.
*Wash your hands with warm soapy water or use hand sanitizer.
*Do not use the cloths on your child's face or head.
*Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) cloths are for external use only.
*DO NOT use cloths on open wounds, open incisions, mucosal areas (lips, nose, mouth, anus, vagina or tip of penis).
*Wipe the cloths using a circular or back and forth motion over the skin.
*Allow to air dry.
*DO NOT towel off skin.
*Check to see that Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) doesn't stay wet between skin folds on the neck or other places on the body.
*Discard dry cloths in the trash.
*Do not flush cloths.



PHARMACOKINETICS OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
Pharmacokinetic studies with Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) oral rinse indicate approximately 30% of the active ingredient, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), is retained in the oral cavity following rinsing.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is slowly released into the oral fluids.
Studies conducted on human subjects and animals demonstrate Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

The mean plasma level of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) reached a peak of 0 .206 µg/g in humans 30 minutes after they ingested a 300-mg dose of the drug.
Detectable levels of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) were not present in the plasma of these subjects 12 hours after the compound was administered.
Excretion of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) occurred primarily through the feces (~90%).
Less than 1% of the Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) ingested by these subjects was excreted in the urine.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
Formula: C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀·2C₆H₁₂O₇
MW: 897.76 g/mol
Storage Temperature: Refrigerator
MDL Number: MFCD00083599
CAS Number: 18472-51-0
UN: 3082
ADR: 9,III
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10•2C6H12O7
Molecular Mass: 897.762 g/mol
CAS Number: 18472-51-0
Formula: C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀·2C₆H₁₂O₇
MW: 897.76 g/mol
Storage Temperature: Refrigerator

MDL Number: MFCD00083599
CAS Number: 18472-51-0
UN: 3082
ADR: 9,III
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: Light yellow and almost clarify slightly sticky liquid,odourless
Assay(GLC%): 19.0%-21.0%
Relative density: 1.050-1.070
Identify reaction: ①②③Should Be Positive
PH value: 5.5-7.0 6.1
Physical state: Colorless to Pale Yellow Clear Liquid
Melting point/ freezing point: 134ºC
Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range: 699.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Lower and upper explosion limit / flammability limit: no data available
Flash point: 376.7ºC

Vapour pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C
Density and/or relative density: 1.06g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Molecular Weight: 897.76
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC(=CC=C1NC(=NC(=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N)N)Cl.C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O.C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7/c23-15-5-9-17(10-6-15)31-21(27)33-19(25)29-13-3-1-2-4-14-30-20(26)34-22(28)32-18-11-7-16(24)8-12-18
2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h5-12H,1-4,13-14H2,(H5,25,27,29,31,33)(H5,26,28,30,32,34);2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t;2*2-,3-,4+,5-/m.11/s1
InChIKey: YZIYKJHYYHPJIB-UUPCJSQJSA-N
Boiling Point: 699.3 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 134 °C
Flash Point: 376.7ºC

Purity: ≥95%
Density: 1.060 g/mL at 25 °C
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, Water
Appearance: Powder
Storage: Store at -20°C
EINECS: 242-354-0
HS Code: 3004909090
Log P: -0.70240
MDL: MFCD00083599
PSA: 444.48
Product Name: Chlorhexidine gluconate
CAS No.: 18472-51-0

Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7
InChIKeys: InChIKey=KUXUALPOSMRJSW-IFWQJVLJSA-N
Molecular Weight: 897.75700
Exact Mass: 896.32000
HScode: 3004909090
PSA: 444.48000
XLogP3: -0.70240
Appearance: Colorless to Pale Yellow Clear Liquid
Density: 1.06 (20% aq.)
Melting Point: 134ºC
Boiling Point: 699.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 376.7ºC
Storage Conditions: 2-8ºC
Vapor Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C

Color: Colorless
Density: 1.06 g/mL
Assay Percent Range: 20% w/v aq. soln.
Sensitivity: Light sensitive
Formula Weight: 897.76
Concentration or Composition: 20% w/v aq. soln.
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Chlorhexidine digluconate, Non-sterile
Form : Liquid
Other Trade Name : 1,6-bis(4-chloro-phenylbiguanido)hexane
Molecular Formula: C22H30CL2N10
Molecular Weight : 505.446

Spec. No : PR/CHG/18/11-00
CAS NO. : 55-56-1
UN No. : 3077
Class : 9
Packing Group : III
Appearance : Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Assay (%) : 19 - 21
Total impurity (%): 3.0 max
Absorbance at 480nm : 0.03 max
Relative density@ 20 ℃: 1.06 - 1.07
pH (5% in water): 5.5 - 7.0

PSA: 444.48000
XLogP3: -0.70240
Appearance: Colorless to Pale Yellow Clear Liquid
Density: 1.06 (20% aq.)
Melting Point: 134ºC
Boiling Point: 699.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 376.7ºC
Storage Conditions: 2-8ºC
Vapor Pressure: 0mmHg at 25°C
Product Name: Chlorhexidine gluconate
CAS No.: 18472-51-0
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7
InChIKeys: InChIKey=KUXUALPOSMRJSW-IFWQJVLJSA-N
Molecular Weight: 897.75700
Exact Mass: 896.32000
HScode: 3004909090
Categories: Hydrocarbons and Derivatives



FIRST AID MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C
Light sensitive.
*Storage class
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 20% (CHG):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may come mixed in alcohol, water, or surfactant solution.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an organochlorine compound and a D-gluconate adduct.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has a role as an antibacterial agent.

CAS Number: 18472-51-0
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7
Molecular Weight: 897.76
EINECS Number: 242-354-0

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is functionally related to a chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a disinfectant and antiseptic with the molecular formula C22H30Cl2N10, which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as a liquid or a powder.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is known by the salt forms: chlorhexidine gluconate (chlorhexidine digluconate) and chlorhexidine acetate (chlorhexidine diacetate).
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent commonly used in healthcare settings and for various medical purposes.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is available in different concentrations, including 20% for specific applications.
Side effects may include skin irritation, tooth discoloration, and allergic reactions, although the risk appears to be the same as other topical antiseptics.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) rinse is also known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste.
Rinsing with water is not recommended as it is known to increase the bitterness.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may cause eye problems if direct contact occurs.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) use in pregnancy appears to be safe.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is effective against a range of microorganisms, but does not inactivate spores.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) came into medical use in the 1950s.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is available over the counter in the United States.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) In 2020, it was the 273rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a bis(biguanide) family cationic broad spectrum antibiotic that is available in a range of concentrations and has been safely used for over 40 years for a variety of health-related applications; but its specific use for umbilical cord care was uniquely tested in three clinical trials in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, in the form of 7.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).

Given the promising results of the trials, in 2013 the World Health Organization (WHO) added CHX to its Model List of Essential Medicines for Children; and in 2014 the WHO issued a new guideline on umbilical cord care, which included a formal recommendation on the use of chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad spectrum antiseptic.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)s mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action, the mechanism of action being membrane disruption, not ATPase inactivation as previously thought.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also useful against fungi and enveloped viruses, though this has not been extensively investigated.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is harmful in high concentrations, but is used safely in low concentrations in many products, such as mouthwash and contact lens solutions.
Chlorhexidine, also known as Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG), is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as a liquid or powder.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is very effective against plaque, oral flora including Candida and is active against gram-positive and gram- negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeast.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be used in antiseptic soap, mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfecting wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is mainly available in OTC products to clean and prepare the skin before surgery and before injections in order to help reduce bacteria that potentially can cause skin infections.
These products are available as solutions, washes, sponges, and swabs and under many different brand names.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), a bis(biguanide) family cationic broad spectrum antibiotic is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is effective against a wide range of bacteria, some fungi and some viruses, and an agent for the prevention of gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) inhibits oxygen utilization which leads to a reduction in bacterial ATP.
Commercial ophthalmic products have used this agent to replace thimerosal as a preservative; however, it can cause skin irritation.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has been used to study how essential oils improve skin antisepsis when combined with chlorhexidine digluconate and is used for skin permeation studies.
Chronic rinsing with chlorhexidine has been shown to decrease the saltiness of NaCl and the bitterness of quinine.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) used in conjuction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can increase its effectiveness.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) provides a persistent antimicrobial effect, meaning it continues to work for an extended period after application.
This residual effect helps maintain a reduced microbial load on the skin or surface.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is often used in combination with alcohol in hand sanitizers and skin antiseptics.
The alcohol enhances the rapid antimicrobial action, while CHG provides a longer-lasting effect.
While CHG is effective against many microorganisms, there have been concerns about the development of microbial resistance to CHG.

Resistance is less common with CHG than with some other antimicrobial agents, but it's still an important consideration in healthcare settings.
Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG).

Allergic reactions can include skin redness, itching, or rash.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)'s essential for healthcare professionals to be aware of patients' allergies and sensitivities to avoid adverse reactions.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is available in various forms, including liquid solutions, gels, foams, and wipes.

The choice of formulation depends on the intended use and preferences of healthcare providers.
The use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is supported by clinical research and guidelines developed by healthcare organizations and regulatory agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO).

In some applications, such as oral rinses or surgical skin preparation, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may require rinsing with sterile water or a saline solution after application, depending on the specific protocol.
Some Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) products, like certain skin cleansers or mouthwashes, are available without a prescription and can be purchased over the counter for personal use.

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.005Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble50% (w/v)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Viscosity: 2.51mm2/s
Water Solubility: 750g/L at 20℃
λmax: 257nm(H2O)(lit.)
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
Merck. 14,2091
InChIKey: YZIYKJHYYHPJIB-UUPCJSQJSA-N
LogP: -1.81 at 20.7℃

MChlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) mouthwashes are sometimes prescribed for patients with certain oral health conditions or before dental procedures.
They can help reduce the number of bacteria in the mouth and may be recommended for patients with periodontal disease or who are at risk of infection after oral surgery.
In some cases, a diluted solution of CHG is used in ophthalmic settings for eye care procedures, such as the preparation of the eye before surgery.

Some individuals may experience skin dryness, irritation, or discoloration with prolonged or frequent use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG).
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)'s essential to monitor the skin's condition when using CHG and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

While Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before using CHG-containing products in these situations to ensure the best approach for individual circumstances.
Healthcare providers often educate patients on the proper use of CHG, especially when it is prescribed for at-home use.
Patients should be informed about the correct application technique, duration, and any potential side effects.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is sometimes combined with other active ingredients or antimicrobial agents in products for specific purposes.
For example, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be found in combination with silver sulfadiazine in wound dressings for burn care.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is known to have some environmental impact when it enters wastewater.
There is ongoing research into the environmental effects of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) and efforts to mitigate its presence in water systems.
The use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)-containing products is subject to regulatory oversight in many countries.

Health agencies and regulatory bodies provide guidance on its safe and effective use.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) and CHG-containing products are typically available in healthcare settings, pharmacies, and online stores.
Availability may vary depending on your location and local regulations.

Cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)s mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) (Hibiclens)is the most effective of a series of antibacterial biguanides originallydeveloped in Great Britain.
The antimicrobial properties of the biguanides were discoveredas a result of earlier testing of these compounds aspossible antimalarial agents.
Although thebiguanides are technically not bisquaternary ammoniumcompounds and, therefore, should probably be classifiedseparately, they share many physical, chemical, and antimicrobialproperties with the cationic surfactants.

Thebiguanides are strongly basic, and they exist as dications atphysiological pH.
In chlorhexidine, the positive charges arecounterbalanced by gluconate anions (not shown).
Likecationic surfactants, these undergo inactivation when mixedwith anionic detergents and complex anions such as phosphate,carbonate, and silicate.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has broad-spectrum antibacterial activitybut is not active against acid-fast bacteria, spores, orviruses.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has been used for such topical uses as preoperativeskin disinfection, wound irrigation, mouthwashes, andgeneral sanitization.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is not absorbedthrough skin or mucous membranes and does not causesystemic toxicity.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), for example, is a widely-used broad-spectrum antiseptic, which has faster and longer-acting antiseptic action and capability than the iodophors.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an antiseptic agent that has been shown to decrease microbial flora on the skin and prevent infection risk in various settings, including as a skin preparatory agent for surgical procedures and for insertion of vascular access devices, as a surgical hand scrub, and for oral hygiene.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has been shown to reduce plaque in the oral cavity, it has been shown to be effective in minimizing the septic episodes in the oral cavity when used with other chemotherapeutic agents.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) The effectiveness of chlorhexidine is documented in many controlled clinical trials showing a 50% to 60% decrease in plaque, a 30% to 45% reduction in gingivitis, and a reduction in the number of oral bacteria.

The efficacy of chlorhexidine stems from its ability to bind to oral tissues and slow release into the oral cavity.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad-spectrum antiseptic.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has been widely used in a range of applications including wound care, hand washes, preoperative body shower, oral hygiene, and general disinfection.

WHO has recognized Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) as a suitable antimicrobial for neonatal care.
According to the WHO guideline for umbilical cord care, daily chlorhexidine (7.1% chlorhexidine digluconate aqueous solution or gel, delivering 4% free chlorhexidine) application to the umbilical cord stump during the first week of life is recommended for newborns born at home in settings with high neonatal mortality (30 or more neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births).
Clean, dry cord care is recommended for newborns born in health facilities and at home in low neonatal mortality settings.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) use of chlorhexidine in the low neonatal mortality settings does not significantly reduce the neonatal mortality rate, but may be considered only to replace application of a harmful traditional substance, such as cow dung, to the cord stump.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial biguanide used as a topical antiseptic and in dental practice for the treatment of inflammatory dental conditions caused by microorganisms.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is one of the most common skin and mucous membrane antiseptic agents in use today.

The molecule itself is a cationic bis-guanide consisting of two 4-chlorophenyl rings and two biguanide groups joined by a central hexamethylene chain.
Topical chlorhexidine for disinfection, as well as oral rinses for dental use, carries activity against a broad range of pathogens including bacteria, yeasts, and viruses.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) was developed in the UK by Imperial Chemical Industries in the early 1950s9 and was introduced to the US in the 1970s.

The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) topical tincture 0.5%, due to a significant number of reports concerning chemical and thermal burns associated with the use of this product.
Other formulations of chlorhexidine continue to be available.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (in concentrations ≥ 1 μg/L). Significantly higher concentrations (10 to more than 73 μg/mL) are required for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is ineffective against polioviruses and adenoviruses.
The effectiveness against herpes viruses has not yet been established unequivocally.

There is strong evidence that Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is more effective than povidone-iodine for clean surgery.
Evidence shows that Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an effective antiseptic for upper limb surgery.
Meta-data spanning several decades shows that the efficacy of chlorhexidine (against organisms that cause surgical site infection) has not changed, dispelling concerns over emerging resistance.

Chlorhexidine does not meet current European specifications for a hand disinfectant.
Under the test conditions of the European Standard EN 1499, no significant difference in the efficacy was found between a 4% solution of chlorhexidine digluconate and soap.
In the U.S., between 2007 and 2009, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center conducted a cluster-randomized trial and concluded that daily bathing of patients in intensive care units with washcloths saturated with chlorhexidine gluconate reduced the risk of hospital-acquired infections.

Whether prolonged exposure over many years may have carcinogenic potential is still not clear.
The US Food and Drug Administration recommendation is to limit the use of a chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash to a maximum of six months.

When ingested, chlorhexidine is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and can cause stomach irritation or nausea.
If aspirated into the lungs at high enough concentration, as reported in one case, it can be fatal due to the high risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Uses
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a preservative generally used in concentrations of 0.01 to 0.1 percent to protect against bacteria.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is unstable at high temperatures.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is more widely used in europe than in the united States.

Hydrogenolysis of benzyl-nitrogen bonds.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an antimicrobial irrigant that is used as an antiseptic for the skin in the healthcare industry.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in hospitals to prevent infection of patients during surgeries and can also be found in mouthrinses.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.
The gluconate salt form of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.

Subsequently, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) penetrates into the cell and causes leakage of intracellular components leading to cell death.
Since gram positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to this agent.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is very effective against plaque, oral flora including Candida and is active against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeast.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be used in antiseptic soap, mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfecting wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, perfumes and fragrances, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and polishes and waxes.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and health services.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products, food products and .

Release to the environment of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and in the production of articles.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as an oral antiseptic agent and anti-microbial agent.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is an active ingredient in germicidal mouthwash, pet shampoo, surgical lubricants and wipes and hand soap.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is utilized in the study to know the role of essential oils for improving skin antisepsis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) plays a vital role as disinfectants and preservative in pharmaceutical products.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used as an additive in cosmetics such as creams, toothpaste and deodorants.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).
A 2019 Cochrane review concluded that based on very low certainty evidence in those who are critically ill "it is not clear whether bathing with chlorhexidine reduces hospital-acquired infections, mortality, or length of stay in the ICU, or whether the use of chlorhexidine results in more skin reactions."

In endodontics, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) has been used for root canal irrigation and as an intracanal dressing but has been replaced by the use of sodium hypochlorite bleach in much of the developed world.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is often used to disinfect the skin before surgical procedures to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.
Surgeons and healthcare professionals may apply CHG to the patient's skin in the area where surgery is to be performed.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be used to clean the skin around central venous catheters or central lines to prevent bloodstream infections (catheter-related bloodstream infections).
In lower concentrations (typically 0.12% to 2%), CHG is used in mouthwashes and oral rinses for the prevention and treatment of dental and oral infections, such as gingivitis and periodontitis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be found in some healthcare hand sanitizers and soaps for hand hygiene among healthcare workers.

In some cases, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used as part of wound care protocols, especially for chronic wounds or those at risk of infection.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)'s important to use CHG under the guidance of a healthcare professional or according to the specific instructions provided on the product label, as the concentration and application method can vary depending on the intended use.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) should not be ingested, and individuals with known allergies or sensitivities to CHG should avoid products containing it.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) use of a chlorhexidine-based mouthwash in combination with normal tooth care can help reduce the build-up of plaque and improve mild gingivitis.
There is not enough evidence to determine the effect in moderate to severe gingivitis.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)s use as a mouthwash has a number of adverse effects including damage to the mouth lining, tooth discoloration, tartar build-up, and impaired taste.
Extrinsic tooth staining occurs when chlorhexidine rinse has been used for 4 weeks or longer.
Mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) which stain teeth less than the classic solution have been developed, many of which contain chelated zinc.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a cation which interacts with anionic components of toothpaste, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium monofluorophosphate, and forms salts of low solubility and reduced antibacterial activity.
Hence, to enhance the antiplaque effect of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), "it seems best that the interval between toothbrushing and rinsing with CHX [chlorhexidine] be more than 30 minutes, cautiously close to 2 hours after brushing".

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used for skin antisepsis in various healthcare settings, such as before the insertion of intravenous catheters, prior to surgery, or before drawing blood for diagnostic tests.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) helps reduce the risk of introducing infection-causing microorganisms into the bloodstream.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used to disinfect the skin before surgical procedures to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.

Healthcare professionals use CHG to clean the skin around central venous catheters to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is applied to the exit site of indwelling urinary catheters to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs).
In lower concentrations, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in mouthwashes and oral rinses to prevent and treat dental and oral infections, such as gingivitis and periodontitis.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be found in some healthcare hand sanitizers and soaps for hand hygiene among healthcare workers.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used as part of wound care protocols, especially for chronic wounds or those at risk of infection.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is employed as part of infection control protocols in hospitals and healthcare facilities.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be used to disinfect surfaces, equipment, and instruments.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used in veterinary medicine for similar purposes, including preoperative skin preparation and wound care in animals.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a critical tool in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which are infections that patients can acquire while receiving medical care in hospitals or other healthcare facilities.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be an ingredient in prescription topical medications for certain skin conditions, such as acne or fungal infections.
In ophthalmic settings, a diluted solution of CHG may be used for eye care procedures, such as preparing the eye before surgery.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be found in combination with other active ingredients in wound dressings used for burn care.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be used to clean the exit site of indwelling urinary catheters or other types of catheters to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other complications.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is employed as part of infection control protocols in hospitals and healthcare facilities.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be used to disinfect surfaces, equipment, and instruments.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is also used in veterinary medicine for similar purposes, including preoperative skin preparation and wound care in animals.
In addition to its medical and healthcare applications, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be found in some over-the-counter personal care products, such as antibacterial soaps and skin cleansers.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be an ingredient in prescription topical medications for certain skin conditions, such as acne or fungal infections.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is a critical tool in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which are infections that patients can acquire while receiving medical care in hospitals or other healthcare facilities.
Proper use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can help reduce the incidence of HAIs.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is used as a skin cleanser for surgical scrubs, as a cleanser for skin wounds, for preoperative skin preparation, and for germicidal hand rinses.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is very effective for poor countries like Nepal and its use is growing in the world for treating the umbilical cord.
A 2015 Cochrane review has yielded high-quality evidence that within the community setting, chlorhexidine skin or cord care can reduce the incidence of omphalitis (inflammation of the umbilical cord) by 50% and neonatal mortality by 12%.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can be used to clean the exit site of arteriovenous (AV) fistulas or grafts used in hemodialysis to reduce the risk of infections.

In ICUs, CHG may be used as part of daily bathing protocols to reduce the colonization of potentially harmful microorganisms on the skin, especially in critically ill patients.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used for skin antisepsis and umbilical cord care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to protect premature or sick infants from infections.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used in the care of burn patients, particularly in cleaning and disinfecting burn wounds to prevent infection.
Before surgery, CHG is applied to the patient's skin in the surgical area to reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs).

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used to clean the skin around peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) or other intravascular catheters to prevent infections.
In some cases, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)-containing products are used to clean and disinfect respiratory equipment and devices, such as nebulizers and ventilator components.

In some situations, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used to decolonize patients who are carriers of multi-drug resistant bacteria, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to reduce the risk of transmission.
In regions with a high prevalence of certain infections, such as MRSA, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be used in community-based settings to prevent infections, especially in high-risk populations.

Dentists and oral surgeons may use Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) as a preoperative rinse before oral surgery procedures and for post-surgical oral care.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) wipes or solutions may be included in EMS kits for disinfection of equipment and supplies used in pre-hospital care.
During outbreaks of infectious diseases in healthcare facilities, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) may be employed as an additional measure for infection control.

Safety Profile:
Some individuals may experience skin reactions to Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), such as redness, itching, rash, or contact dermatitis.
Allergic reactions are more likely with prolonged or frequent use, especially when using Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) solutions at higher concentrations.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) should not come into contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation and discomfort.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG)s should not be ingested or applied to mucous membranes, such as the mouth, eyes, or genital areas, as it can cause irritation.
Extended or repeated use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) products may lead to dryness of the skin, especially when used at higher concentrations.
Moisturizers may be recommended to counteract this effect.

While resistance to Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is less common than with some other antimicrobial agents, there have been reports of bacteria developing resistance to Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG).
This underscores the importance of using Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) judiciously and in accordance with established protocols.

Environmental Impact:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) can have an impact on the environment when it enters wastewater.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG) is not easily removed during wastewater treatment, and there have been concerns about its presence in aquatic ecosystems.
Researchers are studying the environmental effects of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% (CHG), and efforts are being made to reduce its environmental footprint.

Synonyms
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Hibiclens
18472-51-0
Peridex
Dyna-hex
Bioscrub
Hibiscrub
Hibitane
Microderm
Periochip
Exidine
Unisept
Chlorhexidine D-digluconate
Brian Care
Steri-Stat
Cida-Stat
Hibistat
Periogard
Bacticlens
Corsodyl
Disteryl
Hibidil
Kleersight
Orahexal
Plurexid
Prevacare
Septeal
Abacil
Pharmaseal Scrub Care
CHG SCRUB
Fight bac
Plac out
Prevacare R
Arlacide G
Hibitane 5
Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate
Peridex (antiseptic)
Chlorhexidin glukonatu
Bactoshield CHG 2%
Caswell No. 481G
UNII-MOR84MUD8E
MOR84MUD8E
Hibitane gluconate
chlorhexidine
READYPREP CHG
DRG-0091
EINECS 242-354-0
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045504
NSC-753971
CHEBI:28312
1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), digluconate
EC 242-354-0
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) di-D-gluconate
Chlorhexidin glukonatu [Czech]
NSC 753971
1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane digluconate
Chlorhexidine gluconate [USAN:USP:JAN]
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) gluconate
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)digluconate
Hibiclens (TN)
Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, digluconate
Peridex (TN)
AVAGARD COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
SOLUPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
CHLORAPREP COMPONENT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF AVAGARD
D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF SOLUPREP
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE COMPONENT OF CHLORAPREP
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE (MART.)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [MART.]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE (USP IMPURITY)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [USP IMPURITY]
Paroex
C22-H30-Cl2-N10.2C6-H12-O7
1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane
pHiso-Med
1,1'-HBCB
Periogard (TN)
N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis(N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide))--D-gluconic acid (1/2)
N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)]--D-gluconic acid (1/2)
Chlohexidine gluconate
D- gluconic acid, compound with N, N''- bis(4- chlorophenyl)- 3, 12- diimino- 2, 4, 11, 13- tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)
D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)
SCHEMBL34468
CHEMBL4297088
DTXSID5034519
Chlorhexidine gluconate (JP17/USP)
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [JAN]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [USAN]
AKOS015896303
AKOS025310696
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [VANDF]
CHLORHEXIDINE D-DIGLUCONATE [MI]
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE [INCI]
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [WHO-DD]
C3105
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE [ORANGE BOOK]
C08038
D00858
J-011837
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] Digluconate
Chlorhexidine digluconate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid(1:2)
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[N-[6-[[N-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]carbamimidoyl]amino]hexyl]carbamimidoyl]guanidine; (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
14007-07-9
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, digluconate
D-Gluconic acid, compd with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)

Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a salt of chlorhexidine and gluconic acid.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade's chemical structure is C22H30Cl2N10•2C6H12O7, M.W. 897.72


Cas Number: 18472-51-0
EC Number: 242-354-0
MDL number: MFCD00083599
IUPAC Name: 2-[6-[[amino-[[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10•2C6H12O7 / C34H54Cl2N10O14



SYNONYMS:
(1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine, (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Chlorhexidine Digluconate, CHG, Bis(p-chlorophenyl)diguanidohexane digluconate, 1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane, 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide), Chlorhexidine bigluconate, Chlorhexidine gluconate, Hibiclens, Peridex, Unisept, Chlorhexidine D-digluconate, Exidine, Periogard, N,N''''-1,6-Hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidicdiamide)] D-gluconic acid (1:2), 1,6-bis(4-Chlorophenyldiguanino)hexane digluconate, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide), Bis(p-chlorophenyl)diguanidohexane digluconate, D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N1, N14-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1), Gluconic acid, compd. with 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2:1), D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N′′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1), D-Gluconic acid, compd. with 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2:1), Biguanide, 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, di-D-gluconate, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N′′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate, 1,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyldiguanino)hexane digluconate, Chlorhexidine digluconate, 1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane digluconate, Bis(p-chlorophenyl)diguanidohexane digluconate, Chlorhexidine gluconate, 1,6-Bis[N5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanido]hexane digluconate, 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] digluconate, Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate, Hibiscrub, Arlacide G, Disteryl, Abacil, Corsodyl, Hibitane, Septeal, Peridex, Hibitane 5, Peridex (antiseptic), Chlorhexidine bigluconate, Hexidine, Hibisol, Maskin, Maskin R, Manusan, SY 1007, Betasept, Hibistat, Geksikon, Blue Ribbon Sanitizing Teat Dip, Sterilon, Chlorhexamed, Rotersept, Hibital, PHiso-Med, Plac Out, Hibidil, Unisept, Bacticlens, Gingisan, Secalan, PerioChip, Akhdez 3000, CHG Solution BP, Oramed, Hexicon, Hibitane G, Permachem CL 40, Chloraprep, Antiseptol, Purit, Hexana, Acclean, Medihex-4, Dentochlor, 105791-72-8, 124973-71-3, 12068-31-4, 14007-07-9, 21293-24-3, 23289-58-9, 40330-16-3, 51365-13-0, 52196-45-9, 52387-19-6, 60042-57-1, 60404-86-6, 82432-16-4, 452971-25-4, 150621-85-5, 151498-43-0, 227749-99-7, 230296-52-3, 906339-38-6, D-Gluconic acid,compd. with N1,N14-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1), Gluconic acid,compd. with 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2:1),D-, D-Gluconic acid,compd. with N,N′′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1), D-Gluconic acid,compd. with 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2:1), Biguanide,1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)-,di-D-gluconate, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide,N,N′′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-,di-D-gluconate, 1,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyldiguanino)hexane digluconate, Chlorhexidine digluconate, 1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane digluconate, Bis(p-chlorophenyl)diguanidohexane digluconate, Chlorhexidine gluconate, 1,6-Bis[N5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanido]hexane digluconate, 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] digluconate, Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate, Hibiscrub, Arlacide G, Disteryl, Abacil, Corsodyl, Hibitane, Septeal, Peridex, Hibitane 5, Peridex (antiseptic), Chlorhexidine bigluconate, Hexidine, Hibisol, Maskin, Maskin R, Manusan, SY 1007, Betasept, Hibistat, Geksikon, Blue Ribbon Sanitizing Teat Dip, Sterilon, Chlorhexamed, Rotersept, Hibital, PHiso-Med, Plac Out, Hibidil, Unisept, Bacticlens, Gingisan, Secalan, PerioChip, Akhdez 3000, CHG Solution BP, Oramed, Hexicon, Hibitane G, Permachem CL 40, Chloraprep, Antiseptol, Purit, Hexana, Acclean, Medihex-4, Dentochlor, 105791-72-8, 124973-71-3, 12068-31-4, 14007-07-9, 21293-24-3, 23289-58-9, 40330-16-3, 51365-13-0, 52196-45-9, 52387-19-6, 60042-57-1, 60404-86-6, 82432-16-4, 452971-25-4, 150621-85-5, 151498-43-0, 227749-99-7, 230296-52-3, 906339-38-6, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] digluconate, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid(1:2), Peridex, Chlorhexidine digluconate, peridex, periogard, chlorhexidine gluconate, 1,1'-hexamethylene bis 5-p-chlorophenyl biguanide di-d-gluconate



Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is an oral rinse containing 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (1,1 1-hexamethylene bis [5-(p-chlorophenyl) biguanide]di-D-gluconate) in a base containing 11.6% alcohol, glycerin, peppermint flavor, polysorbate 80, purified water, and saccharin sodium.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a near-neutral solution (pH range 5-7).


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a salt of chlorhexidine and gluconic acid.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade's chemical structure is C22H30Cl2N10•2C6H12O7, M.W. 897.72
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is manufactured, packaged and stored under current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) per 21CFR part 211 in FDA registered and inspected facilities.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is very effective against plaque, oral flora including Candida and is active against gram-positive and gram- negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeast.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade, a bis(biguanide) family cationic broad spectrum antibiotic is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a commonly used disinfectant approved by FDA more than 40 years ago.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a substance used on humans and animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad-spectrum biocide effective against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Depending on concentration, Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade kills by disrupting the cell membrane.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a substance used on humans and animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a salt of chlorhexidine and gluconic acid.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a topical antibacterial agent and cationic surfactant, which can kill most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.


Years of clinical data have shown that Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade at appropriate concentrations is safe and effective for skin disinfection, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended it for hand disinfection in 2002.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad-spectrum antiseptic.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad-spectrum antiseptic.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has been widely used in a range of applications including wound care, hand washes, preoperative body shower, oral hygiene, and general disinfection.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a biguanidine chlorobenzene, which has a wide range of antimicrobial activities.
At pH5.0 to 8.0, Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is most effective against Gram-positive (10mcg/ml) and Gram-negative (50mcg/ml) bacteria.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is a biguanidine chlorobenzene, which has a wide range of antimicrobial activities.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is an almost colourless or pale - yellowish liquid, miscible with water.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is effective against a wide range of bacteria, some fungi and some viruses, and an agent for the prevention of gingivitis.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade inhibits oxygen utilization which leads to a reduction in bacterial ATP .
Commercial ophthalmic products have used Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade to replace thimerosal as a preservative.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a well-known additive in the medical field to provide or enhance antiseptic properties for an array of different products, including oral rinses, medical dressings, etc.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade , also known as chlorhexidine gluconate ( CHG ), is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a cationic surface active preservative with broad-spectrum antibacterial effect.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade's mechanism of action is to change the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a disinfectant and antiseptic.


Some Staphylococcus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and anaerobic propionic acid bacteria are highly sensitive to it, Haemophilus Streptococcus is moderately sensitive, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Gram-negative cocci such as Veillonella are of low susceptibility.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade's antibacterial effect on Gram-positive and negative bacteria is stronger than that of benzalkonium bromide and other disinfectants.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is still effective in the presence of serum, blood, etc.


The mechanism of action of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is to adsorb on the osmotic barrier of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, so that the contents of the cell can leak out to play an antibacterial effect.
Low concentration of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has antibacterial effect, high concentration has bactericidal effect.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a commonly used disinfectant approved by FDA more than 40 years ago.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is offered as a 20% solution.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade, a bis(biguanide) family cationic broad spectrum antibiotic is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is effective against a wide range of bacteria, some fungi and some viruses, and an agent for the prevention of gingivitis.
Commercial ophthalmic products have used Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade to replace thimerosal as a preservative; however, it can cause skin irritation.


Dilute solutions of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade (<1,0% w/v) may be sterilised by autoclaving at 115 °C for 30 minutes or at 121 to 123 °C for 15 minutes.
Cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade, belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade's mechanism of action involves destabilisation of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is an antimicrobial irrigant that is used as an antiseptic for the skin in the healthcare industry.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a preferred skin antiseptic over tinctures of iodine, iophors and alcohol.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a substituted diguanidine salt with a high degree of antimicrobial activity, low mammalian toxicity and the ability to bind to the stratum corneum layer of skin and to mucous membranes.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky liquid, odorless or almost odorless.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad spectrum bacteriostatis antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is an almost colourless or pale-yellow transparent liquid, odorless, miscible with water, sparingly soluble in alcohol and acetone.


Relative density of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is 1. 060 ～1.070.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is miscible with water, ethanol and acetone.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is popularly known as Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 20% acts to kill bacteria.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad-spectrum bactericidal agent.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is (broad-spectrum) with high efficiency.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in hospitals to prevent infection of patients during surgeries and can also be found in mouthrinses.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade inhibits oxygen utilization which leads to a reduction in bacterial ATP.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is miscible with water, dissolved in ethanol or propanol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used surgical hand scrub.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used healthcare personnel hand wash.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.
liquid,odourless or almost odourless.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is an antiseptic agent that has been shown to decrease microbial flora on the skin and prevent infection risk in various settings, including as a skin preparatory agent for surgical procedures and for insertion of vascular access devices, as a surgical hand scrub, and for oral hygiene.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has been shown to reduce plaque in the oral cavity, it has been shown to be effective in minimizing the septic episodes in the oral cavity when used with other chemotherapeutic agents.
The effectiveness of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is documented in many controlled clinical trials showing a 50% to 60% decrease in plaque, a 30% to 45% reduction in gingivitis, and a reduction in the number of oral bacteria.


The efficacy of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade stems from its ability to bind to oral tissues and slow release into the oral cavity.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a disinfect and antiseptic medicine; bactericide, strong function of broad-spectrum bacteriostasis, sterilization ; take effective for kill gram-positive bacteria gram-negative bacteria; used for disinfecting hands, skin, washing wound.


Dosage of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.
Use Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade after meals, it may affect the taste of foods and beverages.
For maximum effectiveness avoid rinsing mouth (with water or any other mouthwash), brushing teeth, eating or drinking for 30 minutes after using the Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade's mechanism of action involves destabilisation of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used as a germicidal mouthwash used to treat mouth bacteria and gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is also employed in surgical hand scrubs, hand wash, and skin wound and general cleansing.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade preservative is a cosmetics preservative with broad efficacy against bacteria and fungi.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a mild preservative and is gentle to the skin and mucosa.
This preservative, Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade, is suitable for leave-on and rinse-off products.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a cationic surface active preservative with broad-spectrum antibacterial effect.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade's mechanism of action is to change the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used patient preoperative skin preparation.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used skin wound and general cleansing.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade may be used as an additive to oral rinses or cavity preparation.
Use of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse in a six month clinical study did not result in any significant changes in bacteria resistance, overgrowth of potentially opportunistic organisms or other adverse changes in the oral microbial ecosystem.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Some Staphylococcus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and anaerobic propionic acid bacteria are highly sensitive to it, Haemophilus Streptococcus is moderately sensitive, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Gram-negative cocci such as Veillonella are of low susceptibility.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade's antibacterial effect on Gram-positive and negative bacteria is stronger than that of benzalkonium bromide and other disinfectants.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is still effective in the presence of serum, blood, etc.


The mechanism of action of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is to adsorb on the osmotic barrier of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, so that the contents of the cell can leak out to play an antibacterial effect.
Low concentration of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has antibacterial effect, high concentration has bactericidal effect.


Three months after Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse use was discontinued, the number of bacteria in plaque had returned to baseline levels and resistance of plaque bacteria to Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade was equal to that at baseline.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is mostly used as a topical disinfectant and in a variety of cosmetic and other pharmaceutical products.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used as an oral antiseptic agent and anti-microbial agent.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is an active ingredient in germicidal mouthwash, pet shampoo, surgical lubricants and wipes and hand soap.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is utilized in the study to know the role of essential oils for improving skin antisepsis.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade plays a vital role as disinfectants and preservative in pharmaceutical products.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is also used as an additive in cosmetics such as creams, toothpaste and deodorants.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a high-quality antiseptic for a wide range of indications.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky liquid,odourless or almost odourless.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is the salt of Chlorhexidine, which is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent for reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult periodontitis.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is also used for cleaning wounds and disinfecting the skin and hands.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a skin cleanser that keeps working after you use it.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in disinfectants for disinfection of the skin and hands.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in cosmetics as an additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants and antiperspirants.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade belongs to a class of drugs known as antimicrobials.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade works by decreasing the amount of bacteria in the mouth, helping to reduce swelling and redness of the gums and bleeding when you brush.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade may be used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare provider.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is also used for cleaning wounds , preventing dental plaque , treating yeast infections of the mouth , and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in pharmaceutical products as a preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a strong antiseptic (liquid used to kill germs and bacteria).


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is popularly known as Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 20% acts to kill bacteria.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad-spectrum bactericidal agent.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is (broad-spectrum) with high efficiency.


Chlorhexidine Digluconate (CHG) is popularly known as Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 20% acts to kill bacteria.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad-spectrum bactericidal agent (broad-spectrum) with high efficiency Effectively kills Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is also used for cleaning wounds and disinfecting the skin and hands.
Three months after Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse use was discontinued, the number of bacteria in plaque had returned to baseline levels and resistance of plaque bacteria to Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade was equal to that at baseline.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is an antimicrobial irrigant that is used as an antiseptic for the skin in the healthcare industry.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used as a germicidal mouthwash used to treat mouth bacteria and gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used for its antiseptic action above all in dentistry and dental care, as well as for cleaning and disinfection of wounds.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade, for example, is a widely-used broad-spectrum antiseptic, which has faster and longer-acting antiseptic action and capability than the iodophors.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade may cause permanent discolouration of some tooth fillings.
To minimize discolouration, brush and floss daily, focussing on the areas which begin to discolour.
Do not mix/dilute Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade with any other product.


If Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade comes in contact with your eyes, rinse well with water.
It has been used to study how essential oils improve skin antisepsis when combined with Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade and is used for skin permeation studies.


Chronic rinsing with Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has been shown to decrease the saltiness of NaCl and the bitterness of quinine.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in conjuction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can increase its effectiveness.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in hospitals to prevent infection of patients during surgeries and can also be found in mouthrinses.
Use of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse in a six month clinical study did not result in any significant changes in bacterial resistance, overgrowth of potentially opportunistic organisms or other adverse changes in the oral microbial ecosystem.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has been widely used in
a range of applications including wound care, hand washes, preoperative body shower, oral hygiene, and general disinfection.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is effectively kills Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used as an oral antiseptic agent and anti-microbial agent.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is an active ingredient in germicidal mouthwash, pet shampoo, surgical lubricants and wipes and hand soap.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is utilized in the study to know the role of essential oils for improving skin antisepsis.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade plays a vital role as disinfectants and preservative in pharmaceutical products.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is also used as an additive in cosmetics such as creams, toothpaste and deodorants.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used along with regular tooth brushing/flossing to treat gingivitis, a gum disease that causes red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used as a liquid or powder.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used effective protection against Mastitis by cows.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in the general dairy hygiene of milk producing animals
Typical concentration as antiseptic is 0,5 – 4% of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade.


Chlorhexidine, also known as Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade, is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade may be used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used as a liquid or powder.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is also employed in surgical hand scrubs, hand wash, and skin wound and general cleansing.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in addition to inhibiting bacteria.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a broad-spectrum antiseptic. Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has been widely used in a range of applications including wound care, hand washes, preoperative body shower, oral hygiene, and general disinfection.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has been used to study how essential oils improve skin antisepsis when combined with chlorhexidine digluconate and is used for skin permeation studies.
Chronic rinsing with chlorhexidine has been shown to decrease the saltiness of NaCl and the bitterness of quinine.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used in conjuction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can increase its effectiveness.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade can be used in antiseptic soap, mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfecting wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade may be used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used Prescription mouthwash.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used surgical preparation for skin.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used antibacterial soap and skin cleanser.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used surgical scrub and antiseptic hand rinse for healthcare personnel.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used Skin cleanser for preoperative skin preparation, skin wound and general skin cleanser for patients.


Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used Oral use.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used Antibacterial dental rinse for gingivitis treatment.
Periodontal chip: Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used Adjunctive therapy to reduce pocket depth in patients with periodontitis
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used veterinary use.



INDICATIONS AND USAGE OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is indicated for use between dental visits as part of a professional program for the treatment of gingivitis as characterized by redness and swelling of the gingivae, including gingival bleeding upon probing.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has not been tested among patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG).



FUNCTION OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
1. Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade gargle: Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases (such as gingivitis, oral ulcers, pharyngitis, etc.).
2.Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade ointment: Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is used for mild small area burns, scalds, trauma infections.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade can also be used for eczema, acne, tinea pedis and so on.



KEY POINTS OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
*Known for effectiveness
*Free from adulteration
*Precise pH value
*Accurate composition



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky liquid, odorless.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is miscible with water, dissolved in ethanol or propanol.



INDICATIONS AND USAGE FOR CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse is indicated for use between dental visits as part of a professional program for the treatment of gingivitis as characterized by redness and swelling of the gingivae, including gingival bleeding upon probing.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse has not been tested among patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG).



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade - Clinical Pharmacology
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse provides antimicrobial activity during oral rinsing.
The clinical significance of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse’s antimicrobial activities is not clear.
Microbiological sampling of plaque has shown a general reduction of counts of certain assayed bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic, ranging from 54–97% through six months use.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
*Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade Appearance:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is a colorless to light yellow almost clarify and slightly sticky liquid, odorless.
*Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade Solubility:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is miscible with water, dissolved in ethanol or propanol.



INDUSTRIES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
*Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients,
*Cosmetics and Personal Care,
*Household,
*Industrial & Institutional



HOW LONG SHOULD YOU USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE?
How long should you use Chlorhexidine Gluconate?
The duration of use of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade will depend on the condition it is being prescribed for.
If you are using Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade for gum disease (gingivitis) it may be used for a month.
If being Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade used for mouth ulcers and thrush, this mouthwash may be used till 2 days after the symptoms are relieved.



DOES CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE STAIN TEETH?
Yes, though it does not occur in everyone, Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade may stain your teeth and tongue.
Staining is not permanent and may disappear after discontinuation of treatment.
Brushing the teeth with regular toothpaste before using Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade can prevent staining.
You should also avoid tannin-containing food and drinks such as tea and coffee.



SOLUBILITY OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is miscible with water, ethanol and acetone.



PHARMACOKINETICS, CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Pharmacokinetic studies with Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse indicate approximately 30% of the active ingredient, it is retained in the oral cavity following rinsing.
This retained drug is slowly released into the oral fluids.


The mean plasma level of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade reached a peak of 0.206 µg/g in humans 30 minutes after they ingested a 300 mg dose of the drug.
Detectable levels of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade were not present in the plasma of these subjects 12 hours after the compound was administered.
Excretion of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade occurred primarily through the feces (~90%).
Less than 1% of the Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade ingested by these subjects was excreted in the urine.



CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade provides antimicrobial activity during oral rinsing.
The clinical significance of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade rinse's antimicrobial activities is not clear.
Microbiological sampling of plaque has shown a general reduction of counts of certain assayed bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic, ranging from 54-97% through six months use.



HOW TO USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE MOUTHWASH:
How to use Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade Mouthwash:
Rinse your mouth with Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade after brushing your teeth as directed by your doctor, usually twice daily (after breakfast and at bedtime).

Measure 1/2 ounce (15 milliliters) of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade using the supplied measuring cup.
Swish Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade in your mouth for 30 seconds, and then spit it out.

Do not swallow Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade or mix it with any other substance.
After using Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade, wait at least 30 minutes before rinsing your mouth with water or mouthwash, brushing your teeth, eating, or drinking.



PHARMACOKINETICS OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Pharmacokinetic studies with Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse indicate approximately 30% of the active ingredient, Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade, is retained in the oral cavity following rinsing.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is slowly released into the oral fluids.

The mean plasma level of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade reached a peak of 0 .206 µg/g in humans 30 minutes after they ingested a 300-mg dose of the drug.
Detectable levels of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade were not present in the plasma of these subjects 12 hours after the compound was administered.

Excretion of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade occurred primarily through the feces (~90%).
Less than 1% of the Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade ingested by these subjects was excreted in the urine.



CONTRAINDICATIONS OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade oral rinse should not be used by persons who are known to be hypersensitive to chlorhexidine gluconate or other formula ingredients.



HOW DO I USE CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE THE CLOTHS?
The Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade bath must be done at least six hours before surgery, but no more than 24 hours before surgery.
Before you begin, your nurse will provide you with the right number of cloths and tell you where to use them on your child:

Follow these steps:
*Remove any stool from your child's bottom before wiping with Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade cloths.
*Wash your hands with warm soapy water or use hand sanitizer.
*Do not use the cloths on your child's face or head.
*Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade cloths are for external use only.
*DO NOT use cloths on open wounds, open incisions, mucosal areas (lips, nose, mouth, anus, vagina or tip of penis).
*Wipe the cloths using a circular or back and forth motion over the skin.
*Allow to air dry.
*DO NOT towel off skin.
*Check to see that Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade doesn't stay wet between skin folds on the neck or other places on the body.
*Discard dry cloths in the trash.
*Do not flush cloths.



NOTES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Store Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade in a cool place.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade has light sensitive.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.



FEATURES OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
*Manufactured in a dedicated facility in a humidity-controlled environment
*US DMF approved, routinely inspected by US FDA
*Stock maintained globally
*Manufactured throughout the year offering supply security



DOES CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE HELP BAD BREATH?
Yes, Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is effective in reducing bad breath, which persists for about 3 hours.
However, the risk of staining teeth and alteration of taste should be borne in mind before you start using Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade.
Also, use Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade judiciously.



HOW SHOULD CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE BE USED?
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade should be used as required.
Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade is generally used twice daily.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly for about 1 minute with 10 ml of Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade mouthwash.
After rinsing, expel Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade from your mouth.



WHAT PRECATUIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHILE USING CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE?
Using toothpastes immediately after the mouthwash may interfere with the working of mouthwash properly.
Use Chlorhexidine gluconate pharma grade before the mouthwash or at a different time of the day.
Always rinse your mouth before using the mouthwash.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
Formula: C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀·2C₆H₁₂O₇
MW: 897.76 g/mol
Storage Temperature: Refrigerator
MDL Number: MFCD00083599
CAS Number: 18472-51-0
UN: 3082
ADR: 9,III
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10•2C6H12O7
Molecular Mass: 897.762 g/mol
CAS Number: 18472-51-0
Formula: C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀·2C₆H₁₂O₇
MW: 897.76 g/mol
Storage Temperature: Refrigerator
MDL Number: MFCD00083599

CAS Number: 18472-51-0
UN: 3082
ADR: 9,III
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: Light yellow and almost clarify slightly sticky liquid,odourless
Assay(GLC%): 19.0%-21.0%
Relative density: 1.050-1.070
Identify reaction: ①②③Should Be Positive
PH value: 5.5-7.0 6.1
Physical state: Colorless to Pale Yellow Clear Liquid
Melting point/ freezing point: 134ºC
Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range: 699.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Lower and upper explosion limit / flammability limit: no data available
Flash point: 376.7ºC

Vapour pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C
Density and/or relative density: 1.06g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Molecular Weight: 897.76
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC(=CC=C1NC(=NC(=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N)N)Cl.C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O.C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7/c23-15-5-9-17(10-6-15)31-21(27)33-19(25)29-13-3-1-2-4-14-30-20(26)34-22(28)32-18-11-7-16(24)8-12-18
2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h5-12H,1-4,13-14H2,(H5,25,27,29,31,33)(H5,26,28,30,32,34);2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t;2*2-,3-,4+,5-/m.11/s1
InChIKey: YZIYKJHYYHPJIB-UUPCJSQJSA-N
Boiling Point: 699.3 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 134 °C
Flash Point: 376.7ºC

Purity: ≥95%
Density: 1.060 g/mL at 25 °C
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, Water
Appearance: Powder
Storage: Store at -20°C
EINECS: 242-354-0
HS Code: 3004909090
Log P: -0.70240
MDL: MFCD00083599
PSA: 444.48
Product Name: Chlorhexidine gluconate
CAS No.: 18472-51-0

Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7
InChIKeys: InChIKey=KUXUALPOSMRJSW-IFWQJVLJSA-N
Molecular Weight: 897.75700
Exact Mass: 896.32000
HScode: 3004909090
PSA: 444.48000
XLogP3: -0.70240
Appearance: Colorless to Pale Yellow Clear Liquid
Density: 1.06 (20% aq.)
Melting Point: 134ºC
Boiling Point: 699.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 376.7ºC
Storage Conditions: 2-8ºC
Vapor Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C

Color: Colorless
Density: 1.06 g/mL
Assay Percent Range: 20% w/v aq. soln.
Sensitivity: Light sensitive
Formula Weight: 897.76
Concentration or Composition: 20% w/v aq. soln.
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Chlorhexidine digluconate, Non-sterile
Form : Liquid
Other Trade Name : 1,6-bis(4-chloro-phenylbiguanido)hexane
Molecular Formula: C22H30CL2N10

Molecular Weight : 505.446
Spec. No : PR/CHG/18/11-00
CAS NO. : 55-56-1
UN No. : 3077
Class : 9
Packing Group : III
Appearance : Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Assay (%) : 19 - 21
Total impurity (%): 3.0 max
Absorbance at 480nm : 0.03 max
Relative density@ 20 ℃: 1.06 - 1.07
pH (5% in water): 5.5 - 7.0
PSA: 444.48000
XLogP3: -0.70240

Appearance: Colorless to Pale Yellow Clear Liquid
Density: 1.06 (20% aq.)
Melting Point: 134ºC
Boiling Point: 699.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 376.7ºC
Storage Conditions: 2-8ºC
Vapor Pressure: 0mmHg at 25°C
Product Name: Chlorhexidine gluconate
CAS No.: 18472-51-0
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7
InChIKeys: InChIKey=KUXUALPOSMRJSW-IFWQJVLJSA-N
Molecular Weight: 897.75700
Exact Mass: 896.32000
HScode: 3004909090
Categories: Hydrocarbons and Derivatives



FIRST AID MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C
Light sensitive.
*Storage class
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE PHARMA GRADE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Chlorhexidine pharma grade used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a liquid or a powder.

CAS: 55-56-1
MF: C22H30Cl2N10
MW: 505.45
EINECS: 200-238-7

Synonyms
1,1’-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-biguanid;1,6-bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane;1,6-bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane;1,6-di(4’-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane;2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide,n,n’’-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diim;chlorhexidin;fimeil;hexadol;chlorhexidine;55-56-1;Rotersept;Fimeil;Hexadol;Soretol;Chlorhexidin;Chlorhexidinum;Cloresidina [DCIT];Chlorhexidin [Czech];Chlorhexidinum [INN-Latin];Clorhexidina [INN-Spanish];Nolvasan;Merfen-incolore;Chlorhexadine;Dentisept;1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane;1,6-Di(4'-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane;1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane;Chlorohexidine
;Tubulicid;Chlorhexidine (INN);1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide);1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide);2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-;Sterilon;CHEMBL790;R4KO0DY52L;MLS001332388;CHEBI:3614;Cloresidina;Clorhexidina
;DTXSID2033314;Chlorhexidine-d8 Dihydrochloride;Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-;CAS-55-56-1;NCGC00016246-03;SMR000857146;Sterido;Savlon babycare;CHLORHEXIDINE [INN];N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidicdiamide)]
;N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide;Chlorhexidine [INN:BAN];DTXCID0013314;Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride;MLS001304094;N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-3-(6-{N-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidoyl]amino}hexyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidamide
;CCRIS 9230;1246816-96-5;HSDB 7196;Merfen-incolore (TN);SR-01000799135;Nolvasan (*Diacetate*);1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide);1,1'-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide];SMR000718621;EINECS 200-238-7;UNII-R4KO0DY52L

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is commonly used in salt form, either the gluconate or the acetate.
Side effects may include skin irritation, tooth discoloration, and allergic reactions, although the risk appears to be the same as other topical antiseptics.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is also known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste.
Rinsing with water is not recommended as it is known to increase the bitterness.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may cause eye problems if direct contact occurs.
Use in pregnancy appears to be safe.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may come mixed in alcohol, water, or surfactant solution.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is effective against a range of microorganisms, but does not inactivate spores.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade came into medical use in the 1950s.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is available over the counter in the United States.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
In 2021, Chlorhexidine pharma grade was the 247th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade's mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade's antimicrobial effects are associated with the attractions between chlorhexidine (cation) and negatively charged bacterial cells.

After Chlorhexidine pharma grade is absorpted onto the organism's cell wall, it disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms.
Aqueous solutions of Chlorhexidine pharma grade are most stable within the pH range of 5-8.
Above pH 8.0 chlorhexidine base is precipitated and in more acid conditions there is gradual deterioration of activity because Chlorhexidine pharma grade is less stable.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.
A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a disinfectant that is used as an antiseptic and preservative.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is active against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade binds to human serum proteins and forms stable complexes.
The chlorhexidine–protein complex binds to the mitochondrial membrane potential in human erythrocytes, which may be due to the formation of hydrogen bonds with phosphate groups on the protein surface.
This irreversible binding leads to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in cell death by apoptosis or necrosis.
Triclosan is commonly added as an antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as toothpastes and soaps, although Chlorhexidine pharma grade has shown some resistance among Gram-positive bacteria.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade has also been shown to have allergic symptoms in humans when applied topically or taken orally.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade Chemical Properties
Melting point: 134-136 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 641.45°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1555 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 1.6300 (estimate)
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility water: soluble0.08% at 20°C
pka: pKa 10.78 (Uncertain)
Water Solubility: 0.08 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 13,2108
BRN: 2826432
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.080
CAS DataBase Reference: 55-56-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Chlorhexidine pharma grade (55-56-1)

Chlorhexidine pharma grade, 1,6-bis(4-chlorophenylbiguanido)hexane, C22H30Cl2N10, Mr 505.45, mp 134 ℃, is a widely used antiseptic (→Disinfectants).
Chlorhexidine pharma grade can be prepared, for example, from 1,6-hexamethylenebis(dicyandiamide) and 4-chloroaniline hydrochloride.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used primarily as its salts (e.g., the dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate) in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eyedrops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).
Chlorhexidine pharma grade occurs as an odorless, bitter tasting, white crystalline powder.

History
Chlorhexidine pharma grade was the first antimicrobial agent shown to inhibit dental plaque formation and the development of chronic gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a cationic chlorophenyl bisbiguanide antiseptic.
Bisbiguanides are the primary second generation antiplaque agents exhibiting considerable substantivity and broad spectrum antibacterial properties.
In dental medicine, Chlorhexidine pharma grade was initially used for disinfection of the oral cavity prior to oral surgical procedures and in endodontics.
Plaque inhibition by CHX was first investigated in 1969 (Schroeder) but the first controlled clinical study was performed by Loe and Schiott.

This study showed that rinsing for 60 sec, twice a day with 10 ml of a 0.2% (20 mg dose) CHX gluconate solution, in the absence of normal tooth cleaning, inhibited plaque regrowth and the development of gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is one of the most widely investigated and used antiplaque agents.
The advantage of Chlorhexidine pharma grade over other cationic agents is that it can bind strongly to many sites in the oral cavity and is released slowly over 7 to 12 hours after rinsing, thus providing considerable substantivity and a sustained antimicrobial effect restricting bacterial proliferation.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade binds strongly with anionic glycoproteins and phosphoproteins on the oral mucosa and tooth pellicle in addition to its property of binding to the surfaces of bacterial cell membranes affecting the cells ability to adhere.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is considered the most potent chemotherapeutic agent currently available.

Uses
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is an antibacterial used for numerous applications.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a cationic polybiguanide (bisbiguanide) used primarily as its salts, dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is one of those drugs which are enlisted/included in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important drugs needed in a basic health system.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a germicidal compound in teat dips.
Also used as navel treatment, udder and eye wash, surgical scrub and sterilization material.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as an antibacterial agent in humans to control gingivitis and over all plaque control in preventative dentistry.
Hydrogenolysis of benzyl-nitrogen bonds.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a topical antiseptic in liquid cosmetics.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is strongly alkaline and may cause irritation.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade, the "gold standard" in oral antiseptics, has been used to optimize novel slow release Chlorhexidine pharma grade coatings based on fatty acids in surgical sutures.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade, antibacterial agent, has been used in preparaing chlorhexidine-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles, useful for oral hygiene and dental treatment.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is an important medical, dental and pharmaceutical antiseptic, disinfectant and preservative.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is bactericida and fungicidalsy but does not kill bacterial spores or mycobacteria, although it inhibits growth.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade has a low order of activity against viruses, but high concentrations are effective in killing cysts of Acanthamoeba spp., organisms of potential clinical significance to the wearers of contact lenses.
Properties Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a bisbiguanide which is available as the acetate (diacetate), hydrochloride and gluconate salts.
These are stable in solution and can be autoclaved although small amounts of chloroaniline are released.”

As a cationic agent, chlorhexidine is incompatible with anionic surfactants and its antimicrobial activity is reduced in the presence of non-ionic surface-active agents.
Activity is also reduced or abolished by phospholipids (a factor of significance in neutralizing Chlorhexidine pharma grade activity during the performance of biocidal tests) and by organic matter including serum.
Some of these aspects have been well documented in the recent comprehensive paper of Nicoletti et al.”
They also point out that the efficacy of chlorhexidine is influenced by formulation components and by the composition of the culture medium in which minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are determined.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).
A 2019 Cochrane review concluded that based on very low certainty evidence in those who are critically ill "Chlorhexidine pharma grade is not clear whether bathing with chlorhexidine reduces hospital-acquired infections, mortality, or length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), or whether the use of chlorhexidine results in more skin reactions."
In endodontics, Chlorhexidine pharma grade has been used for root canal irrigation and as an intracanal dressing.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade has however been replaced by the use of sodium hypochlorite bleach in much of the developed world.

Antiseptic
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (in concentrations ≥ 1 μg/L).
Significantly higher concentrations (10 to more than 73 μg/mL) are required for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is ineffective against polioviruses and adenoviruses.
The effectiveness against herpes viruses has not yet been established unequivocally.
There is strong evidence that Chlorhexidine pharma grade is more effective than povidone-iodine for clean surgery.
Evidence shows that Chlorhexidine pharma grade is an effective antiseptic for upper limb surgery.
Meta-data spanning several decades shows that the efficacy of Chlorhexidine pharma grade (against organisms that cause surgical site infection) has not changed, dispelling concerns over emerging resistance.

Dental use
Use of a Chlorhexidine pharma grade-based mouthwash in combination with normal tooth care can help reduce the build-up of plaque and improve mild gingivitis.
There is not enough evidence to determine the effect in moderate to severe gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade's use as a mouthwash has a number of adverse effects including damage to the mouth lining, tooth discoloration, tartar build-up, and impaired taste.
Extrinsic tooth staining occurs when Chlorhexidine pharma grade rinse has been used for four weeks or longer.
Mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine pharma grade which stain teeth less than the classic solution have been developed, many of which contain chelated zinc.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a cation which interacts with anionic components of toothpaste, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium monofluorophosphate, and forms salts of low solubility and reduced antibacterial activity.
Hence, to enhance the antiplaque effect of chlorhexidine, "Chlorhexidine pharma grade seems best that the interval between toothbrushing and rinsing with CHX be more than 30 minutes, cautiously close to two hours after brushing".

Pharmaceutical Applications
Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are widely used in pharmaceutical formulations in Europe and Japan for their antimicrobial properties.
Although mainly used as disinfectants, Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are also used as antimicrobial preservatives.
As excipients, Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are mainly used for the preservation of eye-drops at a concentration of 0.01% w/v; generally the acetate or gluconate salt is used for this purpose.
Solutions containing 0.002–0.006% w/v Chlorhexidine pharma grade have also been used for the disinfection of hydrophilic contact lenses.
For skin disinfection, Chlorhexidine pharma grade has been formulated as a 0.5% w/v solution in 70% v/v ethanol and, in conjunction with detergents, as a 4% w/v surgical scrub.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts may also be used in topical antiseptic creams, mouthwashes, dental gels, and in urology for catheter sterilization and bladder irrigation.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade have additionally been used as constituents of medicated dressings, dusting powders, sprays, and creams.

Clinical Use
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a biguanide topical antiseptic and disinfectant with broad antimicrobial efficacy.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is increasingly being used as an aseptic but it is also gaining use as a biocidal ingredient in shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes, sunscreens, toothpastes, mouthwashes (Corsodyl), wet wipes (also for babies), eye creams, antiwrinkle creams, moisturizers, contact lens solutions, and instillation gels for urinary catheters.
Urticaria following application to intact skin or mucosae, in some cases accompanied by dyspnea, angioedema, syncope, or anaphylaxis has been described via the mucosal route at much lower concentration than elsewhere, generally as low as 0.05%.

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
A topical antiseptic, Chlorhexidine pharma grade has activity against many bacteria, but apparently not predictably active against Pseudomonas or Serratia spp.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is available with veterinary labels in many different forms (solutions, shampoos, scrubs, ointments, sprays, etc).
Because Chlorhexidine pharma grade causes less drying and is usually less irritating than benzoyl peroxide, it is sometimes used in patients that cannot tolerate benzoyl peroxide.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade does not have the keratolytic, degreasing or follicular flushing effects of benzoyl peroxide however.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade possesses some residual effects and can remain active on skin after rinsing.
At usual concentrations, Chlorhexidine pharma grade acts by damaging bacterial cytoplasmic membranes.
Antifungal activity can be obtained with 2% or higher concentrations.
For wound irrigation, 0.05 – 0.1% dilution in water is recommended.
In animals, Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used for topical disinfection of wounds, and to manage skin infections.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade disinfectant products are used in the dairy farming industry.
Post-surgical respiratory problems have been associated with the use of Chlorhexidine pharma grade products in cats.

Production Methods
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may be prepared either by condensation of polymethylene bisdicyandiamide with 4-chloroaniline hydrochloride or by condensation of 4-chlorophenyl dicyandiamine with hexamethylenediamine dihydrochloride.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may also be synthesized from a series of biguanides.

Manufacturing Process
25 parts of hexamethylene bis-dicyandiamide, 35 parts of p-chloroaniline hydrochloride and 250 parts of beta-ethoxyethanol are stirred together at
130°C to 140°C for 2 hours under reflux.
The mixture is then cooled and filtered and the solid is washed with water and crystallized from 50% aqueous acetic acid.
1,6-di(N1,N1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N5,N5')hexane dihydrochloride is obtained as colorless plates of MP 258°C to 260°C.
The following is an alternative route: 19.4 parts of pchlorophenyldicyandiamide, 9.4 parts of hexamethylene diaminedihydrochloride and 100 parts of nitrobenzene are stirred together and heated at 150 C to 160°C for 6 hours.
The mixture is cooled, diluted with 200 parts of benzene and filtered.
The solid residue is washed with benzene and crystallized from 50% acetic acid.
1,6-di(N1,N1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanidoN5,N5')hexane dihydrochloride is obtained.

Chlorinated paraffins; Chlorowax; Adekacizer; Cerechlor; Chlorinated paraffin waxes; Chlorinated hydrocarbon waxes; Chlorinated wax; Chloroflo; Chloroparaffine; Chlorowax; Clorafin; Crechlor; Creclor CAS NO:63449-39-8

Chlorinated paraffin is a complex chemical material prepared by chlorinating paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation.
Chlorinated Paraffin is odorless, yellowish, and viscous with end-user applications and chlorinated paraffin uses for different applications by various industries.


CAS Number: 63449-39-8
EC Number: 264-150-0
Chemical Formula: CnH2n+2-yCly (%Cl=50-52)
Molecular Formula:CxH(2x-y+z)Cly


Chlorinated Paraffin is mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
Chlorination amount may vary fom 30% to 70% depending on weight.
Length of carbons vary from ten to thirty.
Chlorinated Paraffincan be found as colorless, yellow-ish liquid or solid.


Chlorinated paraffins’ chemical and physical properties depend on chlorine amount, molecule structure and length of carbon chain.
Chlorinated Paraffin is produced on different amounts for different industries.
Chlorinated Paraffin is complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.


The chlorination degree of Chlorinated Paraffin can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Chlorinated Paraffins are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).


Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated Paraffin is colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Chlorinated paraffin is synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions ( 2 % isoparaffins, 100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C.


The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.


Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
Chlorinated Paraffin is complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.


Chlorinated Paraffin is produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, and Asia.
In China, where most of the world's production capacity of Chlorinated Paraffin is located, 600,000 tons of chlorinated paraffin were produced in 2007.
Chlorinated Paraffin is a transparent viscous liquid having distinct sweet odour.


Chlorinated Paraffin is essentially insoluble in water but soluble in other chlorinated solvents.
Chlorinated Paraffin is a straight-chain hydrocarbons that have been chlorinated.
Chlorinated Paraffin is classified according to its carbon-chain length and percentage of chlorination, with carbon-chain lengths generally ranging from C 10 to C 30 and chlorination from approximately 35% to greater than 70% by weight.


Chlorinated Paraffin is made by chlorinating paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation.
The three most common commercial feedstocks used are paraffins with carbon number ranges of: Short-chain (C 10-13 ), Intermediate-chain (C 14-17 ) and Long-chain (C 18-30 ).


Chlorinated paraffin is a complex chemical material prepared by chlorinating paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation.
Chlorinated Paraffin is odorless, yellowish, and viscous with end-user applications and chlorinated paraffin uses for different applications by various industries.


Paraffin is a mixture of hydrocarbons extracted from certain distillates of petroleum, shale oil or other bituminous mineral oils.
The main component is solid alkanes, odorless and tasteless, white or light yellow translucent solid.
Coarse paraffin is mainly used for making matches, fiberboard, tarpaulin, etc. due to its high oil content.


After immersing the paper in paraffin, a variety of wax paper with good waterproof performance can be prepared, which can be used in food, pharmaceutical and other packaging, metal rust prevention and printing industry; paraffin added to cotton yarn can make the textile soft, smooth and elastic ; Paraffin can also be made into detergents, emulsifiers, dispersants, plasticizers, greases, etc.


Fully refined paraffin and semi-refined paraffin are widely used, mainly used as components and packaging materials for food, oral medicines and certain commodities (such as wax paper, crayons, candles, carbon paper), coating materials for baking containers, for fruit preservation.
Insulation of electrical components, Chlorinated Paraffin improves rubber aging resistance and increase flexibility.


Chlorinated Paraffin can also be used to oxidize synthetic fatty acids.
The other major outlet for Chlorinated Paraffin is in the formulation of metalworking lubricants where they have long been recognised as one of the most effective extreme pressure additives for lubricants used in a wide range of machining and engineering operations.


In all of these applications, there is a long history of safe use and some major customers have been using chlorinated paraffin for over 50 years.
After adding polyolefin additives to paraffin wax, its melting point increases, adhesion and flexibility increase, and it is widely used in moisture-proof and waterproof packaging paper, paperboard, surface coating of certain textiles and candle production.


Chlorinated Paraffin is manufactured by halogenation reaction of Paraffin Oil (Alkane Chain) with Chlorine gas.
Chlorinated Paraffin is a transparent viscous liquid having distinct sweet odor, and insoluble in water but soluble in other chlorinated solvents.
Chlorinated Paraffin is classified according to percentage of chlorination, with chlorination ranging from 40% to 70% by weight.


Chlorinated paraffin is a complex chemical substance of polychlorinated n-alkanes used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
The chlorination degree of Chlorinated paraffin (CP) can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.


Chlorinated Paraffins are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into :
Short-chain C10-C13
Medium-chain C14-C17
Long-chain C>17


Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated paraffin (CP) are colourless or yellowish liquids or solids
Chlorinated paraffin waxes (CPWs) are produced by chlorination of straight-chained paraffin wax fractions.
The carbon chain length of commercial chlorinated paraffin wax is usually between 10 and 30 carbon atoms, and the chlorine content is usually between 40 and 70% by weight.


Chlorinated paraffin is viscous colorless or yellowish dense oils with low vapor pressures, except for those of long carbon chain length with high chlorine content (70%), which are solid.
Chlorinated paraffin is practically insoluble in water, lower alcohols, glycerol and glycols, but are soluble in chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, ethers, mineral oils and some cutting oils.


Chlorinated Paraffin is moderately soluble in unchlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Chlorinated paraffin consist of extremely complex mixtures, owing to the many possible positions for the chlorine atoms.
Chlorinated Paraffin is a chlorinated paraffin wax (C 22-C30 ) - an organic compound containing chloride polychlorinated n-alkanes.


Chlorinated Paraffin is a white/off-white powder.
Chlorinated Paraffin functions as an additive in metal working fluids, sealants, paints and coatings.
Chlorinated Paraffin is essentially soluble in aliphatics and hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, however is insoluble in water, glycerine and glycols.


The four most common commercial products used are paraffins with carbon chain ranges of:
Short-chain (C 10-13 ), Intermediate-chain (C 14-17 ), Long-chain (C 18-28 ). Wax (C 22-30 )
Chlorinated Paraffin is an industrial chemical, which may also be found in some consumer products.


Chlorinated Paraffin is a family of complex chemical mixtures composed of varying lengths of carbon atom chains.
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins have 10 to 13 carbon atoms, medium-chain chlorinated paraffins have 14 to 17 carbon atoms, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins have 18 or more carbon atoms.


Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).


Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated Paraffins are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Chlorinated paraffins are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions ( 2 % isoparaffins, 100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C. The radical substitution may be promoted by UV light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl


When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.


Chlorinated Paraffin is a complex mixture of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which is not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
Chlorinated Paraffin is produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.


In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of chlorinated paraffin was produced in 2007.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes (paraffin wax).
The chlorination degree of Chlorinated Paraffins can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.


Chlorinated Paraffins are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated Paraffins are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Due to their versatile nature, chlorinated paraffin can be found in many products used on a daily basis.
The different chlorinated paraffin uses with a vast range of applications are Fire-resistant.
Chlorinated paraffin offers a low-cost and flame-retardant solution for a wide range of applications.


When treated at high temperatures, Chlorinated Paraffin liberated a good amount of HCL and in its condensed form, HCL contributes to the formation of char.
In the vapor phase, HCl can act as a flame poison.
When decomposed, Chlorinated Paraffin forms a char-like residue that acts as a flame retardant.


Due to its flame-retardant property, Chlorinated Paraffin uses are in the manufacturing of rubber, plastics, sealants, lubricants, industrial coatings, adhesives, fabrics, or any application where fire resistance is essential.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used as a resistant to water-based detergent extraction.


Chlorinated Paraffin is used many manufacturers use water-based detergents/ adhesives to clean metal parts.
All these water-based detergent extractions eliminate containments like grease and oil, Chlorinated Paraffin can also remove plasticizers that are much needed for an effective formulation.


Chlorinated paraffin releases hydrochloric acid at a high temperature which then bonds with the metal surface and forms a thin and solid film of lubrication.
Chlorinated Paraffin is a major secondary plasticizer used in the manufacturing of flexible PVC and chlorinated paraffin uses enhances the flame-retardant properties in PVC products such as PVC cables, flooring, and garden pipe raw material.


Another Chlorinated Paraffin use over other plasticizers is the overall low-cost manufacturing of products.
Chlorinated paraffin uses are that is used as excessive pressure additives such as metal working lubricants and cutting oil.
This is due to the compatibility with oils, viscous nature, and property of hydrochloric acid at high-temperature changes.


Some other chlorinated paraffin uses are that they improve the resistance to water and chemicals making them most suitable to be used in the manufacturing of marine paints, and as a coating for industrial flooring, vessels, and swimming pools.
The application for which it is required decides the level of chlorination and grade of chlorinated paraffin used.


Chlorinated Paraffin is a complex chemical substance used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
Chlorinated Paraffin is often used as a flame retardant and secondary plasticizer in rubber, paints, adhesives, caulks, sealants and plastics.
Another use of Chlorinated Paraffin is as a coolant or lubricant in metal cutting or forming.


Chlorinated Paraffin is mainly used as a flame retardant in conveyer belt, V belts, natural & synthetic rubber.
Chlorinated Paraffin is mainly used as a plasticizer in formulation of PVC compounds & granules used in wires & cables, PVC windows and door profiles, PVC flooring, films & sheets, PVC foot wears, etc.


Chlorinated Paraffin is used in Polyurethane and Polysulfide based sealants and adhesives.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used as an extreme pressure additive in metal working fluids / cutting compounds.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used as a flame retardant in the paint industry in the formulation of swimming pool paints and other fire proof paints.


Chlorine paraffin is mostly produced for rubber production.
Chlorinated Paraffin is also used in vinyl and acrylic dye production.
Chlorinated Paraffin is also used as fire retarder in PVC formulations.


Chlorinated Paraffin is also used as pressure additive in lubricants and working liquid in metal processings.
Chlorinated Paraffin is a high-insulation chemical product in india & it is a complex chemical substance used in multiple applications across diverse industries.


The main use of Chlorinated Paraffin is to retard fires in various types of conveyor belts, V belts and rubber materials.
Chlorinated Paraffin is commonly used as a plasticizer in the formulation of PVC compounds and granules, which are often used in wires and cables, PVC windows and door profiles, PVC flooring, films and sheets, PVC foot wear products.


Chlorinated Paraffin is used in sealants and adhesives made from polyurethane and polysulfide materials.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used as an additive to metalworking fluids and cutting compounds to increase the pressure.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used as a flame retardant in the paint industry, often in the formulation of swimming pool paints and other fire-proofing products.


Chlorinated Paraffin is used widely as a secondary plasticizer in flexible PVC compounds notably cable, footwear, hosing, conveyor belting, coated fabric and profiles.
In these applications Chlorinated Paraffin can be used to partially replace more expensive primary plasticizers.


In compounds with flame-retardant requirements, Chlorinated Paraffin is used to partially replace more expensive primary flame-retardants.
An important benefit of Chlorinated Paraffin is its ability to reduce the unit cost of flexible PVC compounds.
Correct reformulation with UNICHLOR produces PVC compounds with comparable physical properties: softness or hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break and others, as well as heat aged retention of physical properties.


Increasingly, regulations specify flame resistance/ fire resistant in a growing number of applications of Chlorinated Paraffin.
Chlorinated Paraffin is suitable for incorporation into PVC compounds and a range of other compounds and polymers, including polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester resins and natural and synthetic rubbers in products such as conveyor belts, polystyrene foam and glass fiber reinforced polyester.


Textiles for carpets, carpet backing, tarpaulins and tents, and Paints, Chlorinated Paraffin can be treated with compositions to induce flame retardancy.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used in lubricants as an extreme pressure additive, where it forms a tenacious film on working parts.
In cutting oils Chlorinated Paraffin is used as an additive to minimize ‘weld’ formation.


In paints Chlorinated Paraffin is used as a plasticizer for binders and resins.
Chlorinated Paraffin is also used in caulks and sealants.
Chlorinated Paraffin is sued as an excellent carrier for powders such as pigments, stabilizers and inorganic fire retardants.


Chlorinated Paraffin is also used for anti-sticking of glutinous rice paper production abroad, the dosage is 6g / kg.
In addition, Chlorinated Paraffin is also widely used in moisture-proof, anti-stick and oil-proof of food packaging materials.
Chlorinated Paraffin is suitable for food chewing gum, bubble gum and pharmaceutical gold oil and other components as well as heat carrier, demolding, tableting, polishing and other waxes that directly contact food and drugs Method).


Chlorinated Paraffin is used as secondary compound plasticizers.
The largest application for Chlorinated Paraffin is as a plasticiser, generally in conjunction with primary lasticisers such as certain phthalates in flexible PVC.


The use of Chlorinated Paraffin in PVC imparts a number of technical benefits, of which the most significant is the enhancement of flame-retardant properties.
This is particularly of benefit in PVC flooring and cables.


Chlorinated Paraffin is also used as plasticisers in paint, sealants and adhesives where the main advantages over alternatives are their inertness and the enhancement of flame-retardant properties.
Higher Chlorine content grades are used as flame-retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems, where Chlorinated Paraffin is often used in preference to phosphate and bromine-based additives.


Chlorinated Paraffin is generally used as plasticizer in manufacturing.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used PVC compounds for Wires and Cables, Foot wear and Toys.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used PVC Tubing pipes used for irrigation, gardening and other industrial works.


Chlorinated Paraffin is used PVC flooring, film & sheets, PVC resin, clothe coating and lubricants.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used Rubber products like V belts.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used as flame retardant for impregnating textiles & fabric of all kinds.


Chlorinated Paraffin is used to find applications in paint industries for the manufacturing of fireproof paints.
Chlorinated Paraffin has also found application in adhesives, sealants, and caulks and are used in the automotive and metalworking industries as lubricants for wide range of machining and engineering operations.


Chlorinated Paraffin acts as an Extreme Pressure Additive for Lubricants and Metal Working Fluids.
The main application for Chlorinated Paraffin is as a flame retardant.
When exposed to high temperatures, Chlorinated paraffin releases a substantial amount of HCI.


In Chlorinated Paraffin's condensed phase, HCI contributes to the formation of char.
In its vapor phase, Chlorinated Paraffin can function as a flame poison.
Plasticizer: Chlorinated Paraffin is used in some types of flooring, wire and cable insulation, and garden hose.
Paints – sealants – coatings : In traffic markings paint and marine applications, such as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels, swimming pools, etc.


Chlorinated Paraffin is used adhesives, caulks, plastics, coolant or lubricant in metal working fluid, additives, textiles, leather fat, coating, upholstery furniture, flooring
Chlorinated Paraffin is used widely as a secondary plasticizer in flexible PVC compounds notably cable, footwear, hosing, conveyor belting, coated fabric and profiles.


In these applications Chlorinated Paraffin can be used to partially replace more expensive primary plasticizers.
In compounds with flame-retardant requirements, Chlorinated Paraffin is used to partially replace more expensive primary flame-retardants.
An important benefit of Chlorinated Paraffin is its ability to reduce the unit cost of flexible PVC compounds.


Chlorinated Paraffin is suitable for incorporation into PVC compounds and a range of other compounds and polymers, including polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester resins and natural and synthetic rubbers in products such as conveyor belts, polystyrene foam and glass fiber reinforced polyester.
Textiles for carpets, carpet backing, tarpaulins and tents, and Paints, Chlorinated Paraffin can be treated with compositions to induce flame retardancy.


Chlorinated Paraffin is used in lubricants as an extreme pressure additive, where it forms a tenacious film on working parts.
In cutting oils Chlorinated Paraffin is used as an additive to minimize ‘weld’ formation.
In paints Chlorinated Paraffin is used as a plasticizer for binders and resins.


Chlorinated Paraffin is also used in caulks and sealants.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used as an excellent carrier for powders such as pigments, stabilizers and inorganic fire retardants.
Chlorinated Paraffin formulations are used in a wide range of industrial applications including flame retardants and plasticisers.


Chlorinated Paraffin functions as an additive in metal working fluids, sealants, paints and coatings.
Chlorinated paraffin is used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in applications such as electrical cables when the inherent low inflammability of PVC would be impaired by primary plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl phthalate).


Chlorinated Paraffin is used on a large scale as extreme-pressure additives in metal-machining fluids, e.g., in the automobile industry, precision engineering industry and in machinery construction.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used as additives to paints, coatings and sealants, chlorinated paraffins improve resistance to water and chemicals.


Systems of this kind of Chlorinated Paraffin are especially suitable for marine paints, as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels and swimming pools (e.g., rubber and chlorinated rubber coatings), and as road marking paints.
The flame-retarding properties of highly chlorinated paraffin are important for their use in plastics, fabrics, paints, and coatings.


Chlorinated Paraffin is also used with decabromodiphenyl oxide and antimony trioxide in polyester fabrics for tents.
Approximately 50% of the chlorinated paraffin consumed in the USA is used as extreme-pressure lubricant additives in the metal working industry.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used in plastics, fire-retardant and water-repellent fabric treatments, and in paint, rubber, caulks and sealants.


In contrast, 50% of the chlorinated paraffin consumed in western Europe is as secondary plasticizers in PVC and other plastics.
The chlorinated paraffins most frequently used as plasticizers for plastics are those with a medium chain length (C14–17), with chlorine contents between 45 and 52% (40 and 50%; Zitko, 1974).


C10–13 or C>20 paraffins are also used, depending on the PVC or plastics type.
C10–13 chlorinated paraffins are suitable for water- and chemical-resistant, low-inflammability and abrasion-resistant paints, either as plasticizer or as a constituent of the binder.


Special medium-chain length C14–17 grades are used for sealants.
Chlorinated paraffin grades with good solubility in mineral oils (C10–17) and chlorine contents of 40–60% are preferred for use as extreme-pressure additives to metal machining fluids, pastes, emulsions and lubricants.


For flame-retardant applications, chlorinated paraffins with approximately 70% chlorine are used; the chain length depends on the substrate: C10–13 for rubber and soft plastics and C18–30 for rigid plastics such as polyesters and polystyrene.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.


Chlorinated paraffin wax is used as a secondary plasticizer in polymer compositions (cable, shoe and other flexible PVC compounds, films, plastisols, linoleum, etc.).
Chlorinated paraffin wax is also applied as one component in oiling compositions in leather industry.


Well combined with basic plasticizers based on phthalic acid (dibutyl phthalate and dioctylphthalate) and easily introduced into PVC compositions used for the production of “flexible” (cables, hoses, boots, films, linoleum, etc.) and “rigid” (conduits, fittings) products.
The chlorination degree of Chlorinated Paraffins can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.


As the chlorination degree of the chlorinated paraffins can vary there are different applications.
The main uses of Chlorinated paraffin, however, are as a plasticizer in plastics and coatings, as binders in varnishes, as an additive in joint sealants, in metal processing, in fat liquors for leather and fur goods and as a flame retardant in plastics, rubber, paper and textiles.


Chlorinated paraffin is a chemical manufactured by chlorination of liquid n-paraffin or paraffin wax.
The largest application for chlorinated paraffin is as a plasticizer and flame-retardant in flexible PVC.
Chlorinated paraffin is also used as a plasticizer in paint, sealants, and adhesives.


Higher chlorine content grades of Chlorinated paraffin are used as flame-retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems.
Another major outlet for chlorinated paraffin is in the formulation of metalworking lubricants where it has long been recognised as one of the most effective additives that can be used in a wide range of engineering areas.


Applications of Chlorinated Paraffin: Flame Retardants, Paints, Rubber, Polyester, ABS, Polystyrene, and Plasticisers
Chlorinated Paraffin is used as a secondary plasticizer in polymer compositions (cable, shoe and other flexible PVC compounds, films, plastisols, linoleum, etc.), as a component in oiling compositions in leather industry.


Chlorinated Paraffin is well combined with basic plasticizers based on phthalic acid (dibutyl phthalate and dioctylphthalate) and easily introduced into PVC compositions used for the production of “flexible” (cables, hoses, boots, films, linoleum, etc.) and “rigid” (conduits, fittings) products.
Chlorinated paraffins may also be used in products such as paints, sealants, rubber and elastomers.


Chlorinated paraffins are used in metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and high pressure lubricating oils, as a plasticizer and in some cases as flame retardants in various polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products.
Based on the most recent data available, chlorinated paraffins are not manufactured commercially, but are imported into Canada.


-Chlorinated Paraffin is used as a secondary plasticizer and flame retardant in:
- PVC Compounds
- Cables
- Flexible CPVC Pipes
- Footwear
- Flooring
- Films
- Artificial Leather
- Paints
- Adhesives


-Industrial applications of Chlorinated Paraffin:
Production of Chlorinated Paraffin for industrial use started in the 1930s, with global production in 2000 being about 2 million tonnes.
Currently, over 200 Chlorinated Paraffin formulations are in use for a wide range of industrial applications, such as flame retardants and plasticisers, as additives in metal working fluids, in sealants, paints, adhesives, textiles, leather fat and coatings.


-Acts as Flame retardant:
Since Chlorinated Paraffin is resistant to flame and bears a low cost, they are used in the manufacturing of upholstered furniture, rubbers, plastics, adhesives and any other areas where fire-resistant properties are needed.


-Imparts Low-temperature flexibility:
Chlorinated Paraffin encompasses low temperature flexibility, which is the reason why these chemical compounds are also added to products such as flooring material, wire and cable insulation, garden hose and plastic, where high flexibility is needed.


-Chemical Resistance:
With it being resistant to both water and fire, Chlorinated Paraffin has an application in the manufacturing of all types of paints, coatings, and sealants.
These paints and sealants are often used in traffic markers and marine equipment.


-Stain Resistance:
Wherever there is a need for certain aesthetics like flooring, wall covering, and upholstery, Chlorinated Paraffin is favored for use.
In comparison, use of sulfur additives can stain metals and cause rancidity.


-Stain resistance uses of Chlorinated Paraffin:
Chlorinated paraffin uses are vast with most demand by industries due to its other characteristic which is stain resistant.
This is a very important factor for the chlorinated paraffin uses where aesthetics plays a major role such as flooring, wall coverings, and upholstery.
Along with this, sulfurized additives can stain metals and cause rancidity.


-Low- temperature flexibility:
In comparison to other plasticizers, chlorinated paraffin uses ensures great flexibility at a lower temperature.
So, with these characteristics, chlorinated paraffin uses to enhance the manufacture of products that require high flexibility, especially in cold weather such as flooring, wire, cable insulation, and garden hose.
For the production of plastics, the chlorinated plasticizer is added to increase the elasticity such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride).


-Resistant to water and chemicals uses of Chlorinated Paraffin:
Chlorinated paraffin is highly resistant to water and chemicals.
With this advantage, chlorinated paraffin is added to paints, sealants, and coatings.
Chlorinated Paraffin is especially used in paints for traffic markings and marine applications such as swimming pools, vessel manufacturing, and industrial flooring.


-Plastisol viscosity stability uses of Chlorinated Paraffin:
Chlorinated paraffin provides viscosity stability to plastisol.
This is especially critical and effective in the manufacturing of PVC plastisol, to maintain its viscosity stability for an extended period of time.
This is beneficial usually during the dip and rotational molding.


-Major applications of CP used by chlorinated paraffin manufacturers in India
Chlorinated paraffin is generally used as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of:
*Flame retardant for textiles and all kinds of fabrics
*Fire-proof Paints, flooring, films, sheets, lubricants, coatings
*Sealants and adhesives
*Rubber products such as V-belts
*Cooling
*Lubricant in metal cutting or forming
*PVC tubing tubes for gardening, irrigation, and other industrial work
*Chlorinated paraffin-based PVC is used as garden pipe raw material



BENEFITS OF USING CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Chlorinated paraffin offers:
*Flame-retardant low-cost solution for a wide range of applications.
*Greater flexibility at lower temperatures than conventional plasticizers.
*Improved resistance to both water and chemicals.
*Improved stain resistance.
*Viscosity regulation for PVC plastisols stability during dip and rotational molding.
*Lubricant for metal surface during cleaning of metal parts.
*The cleaning process eliminates contaminants like grease and oil, Chlorinated Paraffin can also remove plasticizers that are required for an effective formulation.



PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Chlorinated paraffins produced by reaction of ramified paraffin varians and chlorine gas.
Chlorinated Paraffin is found as mixed with trading product.
Complete discomposition is not possible through standard chemical analysis methods.



BENEFITS OF CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
*Fire resistant
*Resistant to water-based detergent extraction
*Stain resistance
*Low- temperature flexibility
*Resistant to water and chemicals
*Plastisol viscosity stability



PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Chlorinated paraffins are synthesized for industrial by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions at a temperature of 80–100 °C since the 1930s.



THE EMULSION PROFILING OF A CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Chlorinated Paraffin is straight-chain hydrocarbons that have been chlorinated.
Chlorinated Paraffin is classified according to their carbon-chain length and percentage of chlorination.
Carbon-chain lengths generally, range from C10 to C30 and chlorination from approximately 35% to greater than 70% by weight.



HOW TO FORMULATE CHLORINATED PARAFFIN IN AQUEOUS SYSTEMS:
All chlorinated paraffins are in oil form and to formulate them in an aqueous system emulsifiers are required.



PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Chlorinated paraffins are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl

When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Chlorinated Paraffin is complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.

Chlorinated Paraffin is produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.
In China, where most of the world's production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of chlorinated paraffins were produced in 2007.
Production and use volumes of CPs exceeded 1,000,000 tons in 2013.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA OF CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Chlorinated Paraffin is manufactured by the chlorination of specified normal paraffin fractions (straight-chain hydrocarbons) obtained from petroleum refining.

Ordinary commercial chlorinated paraffin is not a single compound but is a mixture, each containing several homologous n-alkanes corresponding to their manufacture from n-paraffin fractions with several different degrees of chlorination.
Chlorinated Paraffin is characterized to a first approximation by the carbon-chain length range of their n-alkanes and by the chlorine content of the product.

An average chain length for the hydrocarbon feedstock or an average molecular weight is often stated as well.
For example, a chlorinated paraffin referred to as C12, 60% chlorine, would be a product with an average chain length of 12 carbons with approximately 60% chlorine.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Chlorinated paraffins that have been manufactured from pure n-paraffins are generally unreactive and stable during storage at normal temperatures.
Depending on their chain length and degree of chlorination, chlorinated paraffins are colourless or yellowish, mobile to highly viscous liquids or waxy to glassy solidified substances.
Chlorinated paraffins are practically insoluble in water, although they can form emulsions and/or suspensions



PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Chlorinated paraffins have been produced commercially since the 1930s.
These mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes are produced by reacting normal paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation with gaseous chlorine exothermically at 80–120°C in the liquid phase.

Ultraviolet light is often used to promote chlorination, particularly at higher chlorine levels.
The linings of the reactor vessels must be inert to avoid the formation of metal chlorides, which cause darkening of the product by decomposition.
Production of resinous chlorinated paraffins (70% chlorine content) requires the use of a solvent such as carbon tetrachloride during chlorination.
Additional procedures include solvent stripping and grinding of the products as necessary.

Approximately 45 000 tonnes of chlorinated paraffins were produced in the USA in 1987.
In 1985, 95 000 tonnes were produced in western Europe (SRI International, 1986) and more than 300 000 tonnes worldwide.
Chlorinated paraffins are produced in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, China, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, the German Democratic Republic, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Spain, South Africa, Taiwan, the UK, the USA and the USSR.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY PARAFFIN AND CHLORINATED PARAFFIN?
The difference between chlorinated paraffin and paraffin is that chlorinated paraffin is a chlorinated derivative of paraffin hydrocarbons, and their uses are different.
Chlorinated paraffin is a chlorinated derivative of paraffin hydrocarbon, which has the advantages of low volatility, flame retardancy, good electrical insulation, and low price.

Chlorinated paraffin can be used as a flame retardant and an auxiliary plasticizer for PVC.
Chlorinated paraffin is widely used in the production of cable materials, floor materials, hoses, artificial leather, rubber and other products.
And additives used in coatings, plastic runways, lubricants, etc.



FIRST AID MEASURES of CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
63449-39-8 Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chloro
85422-92-0 Paraffin oils and hydrocarbon oils, chloro
61788-76-9 Alkanes, chloro
68920-70-7 Alkanes, C6–18, chloro
71011-12-6 Alkanes, C12–13, chloro
84082-38-2 Alkanes, C10–21, chloro
84776-06-7 Alkanes, C10–32, chloro
84776-07-8 Alkanes, C16–27, chloro
85049-26-9 Alkanes, C16–35, chloro
85535-84-8 Alkanes, C10–13, chloro
85535-85-9 Alkanes, C14–17, chloro
85535-86-0 Alkanes, C18–28, chloro
85536-22-7 Alkanes, C12–14, chloro
85681-73-8 Alkanes, C10–14, chloro
97659-46-6 Alkanes, C10–26, chloro
97553-43-0 Paraffins (petroleum), normal C > 10, chloro
106232-85-3 Alkanes, C18–20, chloro
106232-86-4 Alkanes, C22–40, chloro
108171-26-2 Alkanes, C10–12, chloro
108171-27-3 Alkanes, C22–26, chloro
Alkanes, chlorinated
alkanes (C10–12), chloro (60%)
alkanes (C10–13), chloro (50–70%)
alkanes (C14–17), chloro (40–52%)
alkanes (C18–28), chloro (20–50%)
alkanes (C22–26), chloro (43%)
C12, 60% chlorine
C23, 43% chlorine
chlorinated alkanes
chlorinated hydrocarbon waxes
chlorinated paraffin waxes
chlorinated waxes
chloroalkanes; chlorocarbons
chloroparaffin waxes
paraffin, chlorinated
paraffins, chloro
paraffin waxes, chlorinated
paroils, chlorinated
polychlorinated alkanes
polychloro alkanes
Paraffin wax, chlorinated
Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, chlorinated
Chlorinated paraffin
Chlorinated wax
Chlorinated waxes
Chlorowax 40
Chlorowax 500c
alkanes, C14-17, chloro
alkanes, C14-17, chloro
C14-17, chloro alkanes
chlorinated paraffins, C14-17
chloro alkanes, C14-17
chloro, C14-17 alkanes

CHLORINATED PARAFFIN (Chlorinated Paraffin, CP, Klorlu Parafin) PRODUCT CPW 50/52 PROPERTIES STANDARD METHOD Chemical Name Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) CP 50/52 - Appearance Clear light yellow liquid - Chlorine Content 50-52% IF 14426-A Specific Gravity (25 °C) 1.28 ± 0.2gr / cm3 ASTM D 4052-96 Viscosity (25 °C) Poise * 12-20 ASTM D 445 Thermal Stability (4h, 175 °C), Max 0.15 % HCl IF 14426-D Appearance: white powder Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is non-poisonous, non-inflammable low volatility, and high insulativity. It can be used as flame retardants and plasticizer. Widely used in the production of cable materials, floor, panel , shoes, rubber and other products. It also can be applied in coatings and lubricating oil additive. Antisum, damp-proof and preventing overheating are required during storage. Name and Chemical formula: CnH2n+2-yCly (%Cl=50-52) ISO 9001: 2000 ISO 14001 Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes. The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17). Depending on chain length and chlorine content, CPs are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions ( 2 % isoparaffins, 100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C. The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light. CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen. Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures. Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition. CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods. CPs are produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia. In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s were produced in 2007. Product Name: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) CPW 50/52 Recommend of use: Plasticizers and flame retardant additive and Solvent CAS No: 85535-84-8 Chemical formula: CnH2n+2-yCly (%Cl=50-52) Ingredient: % 50-52 Chlorine, Liquid CPW Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CPW) / TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION S.No. PARAMETER TEST METHOD UNIT SPECIFICATION 1 Appearance - - Pale Yellow Liquid 2 Color ASTM D1045 Hazen 125 Max 3 Chlorine Content IS-14426 % 50-52 4 Density @270C ASTM D1045 gr/cm3 1.29+-0.1 5 Thermal Stability IS-14426 % 0.1 Max 6 Acidity IS-14426 % 0.1 Max 7 Viscosity @270C ASTM D445 cst 500-1000 Chlorine Paraffin (CPW) Chlorine paraffin is used as a secondary plasticizer in PVC processes. It shows plasticizer characteristics. Because it is economical, it provides savings relative to primary plasticizers. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s have no characteristic mild and unpleasant smell. The odor is likely due to small amounts of relative low molecular mass with small but measurable vapor pressure. The carbon chain length and chlorine content of paraffin determine the chemical and physical properties of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin). It increases in carbon chain length and chlorination degrees of certain paraffins increase viscosity and density, but reduces volatility. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s normally contain stabilizers that are added to prevent degradation. Common stabilizers include epoxidized esters and epoxided compounds such as soybean oils, pentaeritritol, thymol, urea, acetonitriles, and organic phosphates. Chlorine Paraffin Which Areas Used The areas where chlorine paraffin can be used are as follows: It is used in vinyl and acrylic paints As a non-flammable plasticizer in PVC formulations, It is used as a high pressure additive in lubricants as a burn retardant additive in cable cases. It is used as working fluid in metal processing Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), General specification: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is manufactured by the chlorination of n-paraffin or paraffin wax, normally in a batch process. The reaction is exothermic and leads to the generation of the by-product hydrochloric acid. After removing residual traces of acid, a stabilizer is added to produce finished batches. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), Applications: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) uses for replacing the main plastics Dioxyl Phthalate-Dioxo-Acetyl Phthalate Expansion and Plasticizers in the processing of vinyl polymers, auxiliary polymers and chlorinated tires of neoprene Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is an additives in lubricating oils and industrial oils such as oils in rollers, CP is use as drawing of refractory materials, production of PVC films, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) also use for making artificial leather production, rubber industry, cable sheathing, flexible PVC pipes production, and production of marine paints. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is a plasticizer largely used in PVC. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is used as an additive in industrial lubricants like gear oil as a fire retardant chemical additive. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is used as plasticizers in paint sealants and adhesives. The main advantage over other alternatives is inertness and it enhances flame retardant properties. Cpw with high chlorine content is used as flame retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is also used in formulation of metal working lubricants as they are one of the most effective extreme pressure additives for lubricants used in a wide range of machining and engineering operations. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), Packing: Our Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is packed in 220 kg plastic drums, shrink and palletize. We can offer Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) in customized packing, as well. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), export destinations: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), mostly offered by customers who are manufacturing the best quality PVC, Leather, Cable making, Marine Paints. So, we are exporting Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) to African, European, South American, East Asian countries. Our Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is producing, packing and exporting to mention above destinations, under Iran Chemical Mine authorization by the best Iranian Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) raw materials in accordance with ASTM standard. For taking updated price for Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) and knowing more about further details, please contact us by our contact lines/email. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), technical Specification CP grade cp 50 Chlorine content 50-52% Appearance pale yellow liquid Colour in hazen unit 120 Specific gr. At 30 c 1. 26-1. 28 Viscosity at 25 c in poise 13-18 Thermal stability at 180 c for 1 hour pale yellow to light yellow Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes. The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17). Depending on chain length and chlorine content, CPs are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids. Contents 1 Production of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) 2 Industrial applications of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) 3 Safety of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) 4 References 5 Sources 6 Further reading 7 External links Production of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (<2 % isoparaffins, <100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C.[2] The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.[3][1] CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen. Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.[4][5] Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition. CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers[6] which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.[7] CPs are produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.[8] In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s were produced in 2007.[9] Production and use volumes of CPs exceeded 1,000,000 tons in 2013.[10] Industrial applications Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) Production of CPs for industrial use started in the 1930s.[11] Currently, over 200 CP formulations are in use for a wide range of industrial applications, such as flame retardants and plasticisers, as additives in metal working fluids, in sealants, paints, adhesives, textiles, leather fat and coatings.[12][1] Safety Short-chain CPs are classified as persistent and their physical properties (octanol-water partition coefficient (logKOW) 4.4–8, depending on the chlorination degree) imply a high potential for bioaccumulation. Furthermore, SCCPs are classified as toxic to aquatic organisms, and carcinogenic to rats and mice. Therefore, it was concluded that SCCPs have PBT and vPvB properties and they were added to the Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation under REACH Regulation.[13] SCCPs (average chain length of C12, chlorination degree 60 wt%) were categorised in group 2B as possibly carcinogenic to humans from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).[14] In 2017, it was agreed to globally ban SCCPs under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, effective December 2018. However, also MCCPs are toxic to the aquatic environment and persistent; MCCPs in soil, biota, and most of the sediment cores show increasing time trends over the last years to decades; MCCP concentrations in sediment close to local sources exceed toxicity thresholds such as the PNEC. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) – is a complex chemical substance of polychlorinated n-alkanes used in multiple applications across diverse industries. The chlorination degree of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into : Short-chain C10-C13 Medium-chain C14-C17 Long-chain C>17 Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) are colourless or yellowish liquids or solids Production Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are synthesized for industrial by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions at a temperature of 80–100 °C since the 1930s. Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition. CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods. USES The main application for Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) is as a flame retardant. When exposed to high temperatures, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) releases a substantial amount of HCI. In its condensed phase, HCI contributes to the formation of char. In its vapor phase, it can function as a flame poison. Currently, over 200 formulations as Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) are in use for a wide range of industrial applications as: plasticizer: CP is used in some types of flooring, wire and cable insulation, and garden hose. paints – sealants – coatings : In traffic markings paint and marine applications, such as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels, swimming pools, etc. adhesives, caulks, plastics, coolant or lubricant in metal working fluids, additives, textiles, leather fat, coating, upholsteryfurniture, flooring. Benefits of using Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) Overall Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) offers: Flame-retardant low-cost solution for a wide range of applications. Greater flexibility at lower temperatures than conventional plasticizers. Improved resistance to both water and chemicals. Improved stain resistance. Viscosity regulation for PVC plastisols stability during dip and rotational molding. Lubricant for metal surface during cleaning of metal parts. The cleaning process eliminates contaminants like grease and oil, it can also remove plasticizers that are required for an effective formulation. handling the storage, transport, export & import formalities of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) globally. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are a class of chemicals used for a variety of applications. They can be classified according to the length of their chlorine chains, and commercial formulations may include a mix of compounds in this class. CAS 106232-86-4 is considered a Long Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (LCCP), with 24 chlorine atoms. The long form is less environmentally sensitive than short-length varieties. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is largely inert, almost insoluble in water, and flame retardant. It can function as a plasticizing additive to for metal lubricants and cutting fluids, plastics, rubber, paint, adhesives, and more. Most of the world’s Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is produced in China. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are slowly absorbed by the dermal route in Sprague-Dawley rats. Two (14)C-labeled Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, C18;50-53% Cl (CP-LH) and C28;47% Cl (CP-LL), were applied to rat skin (5-7 animals of each sex) at a concentration of 66 mg/sq cm, approximately equivalent to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Only 0.7% (males) and 0.6% (females) of the C18 dose was absorbed after 96 hr. Only 0.02% of the C28 dose was absorbed in males whereas in females the level was not detectable. This indicates that increasing chain length leads to decreased permeability. Of the absorbed C18 dose, 40% was exhaled as (14)C-labeled CO2, and 20% was excreted in urine and 20% in feces. /Long chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s/ The absorption of two Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s through human skin has been studied in vitro. There was no absorption of Cereclor S52 (C14-19;52% Cl, CP-MH) following a 54-hr application to the surface of the epidermal membranes using five different receptor media. Similarly, using Cereclor 56L (C10-13; 56% Cl, CP-SH; 18.5% w/w solution in a typical cutting oil) no absorption was detected for 7 hr, but after 23 hr a slow but steady rate of absorption was detected (e.g., 0.05 +/- 0.01 ug/sq cm per hr +/- SEM; n = 6; receptor medium PEG-20 oleyl ether in saline), which was maintained for the duration of the experiment (56 hr). Owing to the anticipated low rate of absorption, the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) samples were spiked with [(14)C] n-pentadecane and [(14)C] n-undecane for Cereclor S52 and 56L, respectively, in order to facilitate detection of the absorbed material. Measurement of the (14)C-alkanes was taken as a surrogate for the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, on the assumption that their rates of absorption were similar. Female C57Bl mice were administered 12.5 MBq/kg body weight (340 uCi) (for autoradiography) or 1.25 MBq/kg body weight (34 uCi) (for determination of radioactivity) of (14)C-labeled chlorododecanes (C12) with different chlorine contents (17.5% [CP-SL], 55.9% [CP-SH] and 68.5% [CP-SH]) either by gavage or intravenous injection. Uptake of radioactivity was found by autoradiography to be highest in tissues with high cell turnover/high metabolic activity, e.g., intestinal mucosa, bone marrow, salivary glands, thymus and liver. The highest radioactivity was achieved with the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) that had the lowest chlorine content. It was found that the long period of retention of heptane-soluble radioactivity, which indicated unmetabolized substance, in liver and fat after oral dosing increased with degree of chlorination. In this study it was also found that 30 to 60 days after injection of C12;17.5% Cl and C12;55.9% Cl a considerable retention of radioactivity was seen in the central nervous system. Exposure of late gestation mice showed a transplacental passage of radioactivity, and (14)C-labeling was primarily noted in the liver, brown fat and intestine of the fetuses. /short chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/ (14)C-Labeled [1-(14)C]polychlorohexadecane (C16;34.1% Cl, CP-ML) was given to C57Bl mice either by gavage (females) or intravenously (both sexes) at a radioactivity level of 370 kBq/animal (10 uCi) (corresponding to 0.44 umol of the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)). No difference in the distribution patterns was found between the oral and intravenous administration routes. After analysis by autoradiography a high level of radioactivity was found in tissues with a high cell turnover rate and/or high metabolic activity, and lower levels could be seen in the white fat depots. High levels of radioactivity were observed in the liver, kidneys, spleen, bone marrow, brown fat, intestinal mucosa, pancreas, salivary gland and the Harderian gland 24 hr after intravenous injection. After 12 days high levels of radioactivity were seen in the adrenal cortex, abdominal fat and in the bile. Later after injection (30 days), prominent radiolabeling of the brain was found which was as high as in the liver. The Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) was also administered intravenously to pregnant mice, and uptake of radioactivity in the fetuses was observed. When the mice were administered on day 10 of pregnancy no tissue-specific localization was found, but after administration in late pregnancy (day 17) the distribution pattern after 6 hr was similar to that of adult mice when examined 24 hr after administration. /Intermediate chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/ /It was/ demonstrated that inducers and inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) affect the rate of degradation of (14)C-labeled polychlorinated dodecanes (C12) containing 68.5% (CP-SH), 55.9% (CP-SH) and 17.4% Cl (CP-SL) to (14)CO2 in exposed C57Bl mice. Pretreatment with the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide decreased the amount of (14)CO2 formed, and the decrease was more pronounced with increasing degree of chlorination. The inhibitor metyrapone decreased the exhalation of (14)CO2 but was only investigated in mice exposed to C12;68.5% Cl. The cytochrome P-450 (CYP2B1; CYP2B2) inducer, phenobarbital, moderately increased the rate of (14)CO2 formation from Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) with 68% Cl, whereas the P-448 (CYP1A1; CYP1A2) inducer, 3-methylcholanthrene, did not affect the degradation rate, indicating a cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of chlorinated dodecanes yielding (14)CO2. /Short chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/ CHEMICAL PROFILE: Chlorinate paraffins: Major uses: Metal working fluids and lubricants, 50 percent; plastics additives, 20 percent; rubber, 12 percent; coatings, 9 percent; caulks, sealants and adhesives, 6 percent; miscellaneous, 3 percent. Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s represent the largest production and use category in North America (46 percent). Long-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are second (33 percent) and, Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s account for the rest (21 percent). "Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s" is the collective name given to industrial products prepared be chlorination of straight-chain paraffins or wax fractions. The carbon length of commercial products is usually between C10 - C30 and the chlorine content between 20-70 weight%. ... They are complex mixtures of many molecular species differing in the lengths of their carbon chains and in the number and relative positions of chlorine atoms present on each carbon chain. Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of a commercial Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) product of average carbon-chain length C12 and average degree of chlorination 60% in experimental animals. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of a commercial Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) product of average carbon-chain length C23 and average degree of chlorination 43% in experimental animals. No data were available from studies in humans on the carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s. Overall evaluation: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s of average carbon-chain length C12 and average degree of chlorination approximately 60% are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The eye irritation potential of three different Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, C10-13;65% Cl(CP-SH), which contained either 2.5 or 2% of two different additives or 0.7% of an epoxy stabilizer, was tested in two studies. Either 0.1 mL or "one drop" of the chloroparaffin was instilled into one conjunctival sac of groups of three rabbits. Similar results were reported for all three formulations: practically no initial pain (2 on a 6-point scale) was noted. Slight irritation (3 on a 8-point scale), shown by redness and chemosis (only noted in the formulation containing the epoxy stabilizer) of the conjunctiva with some discharge, lasted for 24 hr. One drop of 52% or 40% Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, containing unspecified additives or 1% epoxy stabilizer, was also tested. With the 52% Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), slight immediate irritation was followed by slight redness of the conjunctiva which lasted for 24 hr. With the 40% Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), mild congestion was noted at 1 hr but no effects were seen at 24 hr. /Short chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/ Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) ... were conducted by administering the chemical in corn oil by gavage to groups of 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex, 5 days per week for 103 wk. Additional groups of 10 rats per sex and dose were examined at 6 and at 12 months. Male rats received doses of 0, 1,875, or 3,750 mg/kg body weight; female rats were given 0, 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg. Male and female mice received 0, 2,500, or 5,000 mg/kg. Doses selected for the 2 yr studies were based on the results from 13 wk studies in which rats of each sex received 0 to 3,750 mg/kg, and mice of each sex, 0 to 7,500 mg/kg. Under the conditions of these 2 yr gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for male F344/N rats given 1,875 or 3,750 mg/kg per day. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for female F344/N rats as shown by an increased incidence of adrenal gland medullary pheochromocytomas. There was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for male B6C3F1 mice as shown by an increase in the incidence of malignant lymphomas. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for female B6C3F1 mice as shown by a marginal increase in the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s' production and use as extreme pressure lubricants, fire retardant additives and sealants for C10-C13 (50-70% chlorinated), secondary PVC plasticizers for C14-C17 (45-60% chlorinated) and paints, extreme pressure lubricants and fire retardant additives for C20-C30 (40-70% chlorinated) may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure on the order of 2X10-5 mm Hg indicates Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases. Vapor-phase Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. Particulate-phase Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Sunlight appears to catalyze the decomposition of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s with the evolution of hydrogen chloride. If released to soil, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are expected to have no mobility based upon estimated Koc values of 5900 to 2.2X10+8. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the low vapor pressure of 2X10-5 mm Hg and extremely low water solubility. Based on limited biodegradation studies, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may biodegrade in soil and water. If released into water, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the vapor pressure and water solubility. A log BCF of 1.69, and BCF values of 7800 in fresh water fish suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to very high. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are produced or used. Use and monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s via ingestion of food and dermal contact with products containing Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s. (SRC) TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 5900 to 2.2X10+8(SRC), determined from log Kows of 4.4 to 12.8(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicate that Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) based upon the low vapor pressure of 2X10-5 mm Hg and extremely low water solubility(4). Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(4). Based on limited biodegradation studies Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may biodegrade in soil(5-6). NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 573,193 workers (38,354 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s via ingestion of food, and dermal contact with products containing Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s(SRC). Uses of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s : Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and can partially replace primary plasticizers such as phthalates and phosphate esters. The use of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s has the advantage in comparison with conventional plasticizers of both increasing the flexibility of the material as well as increasing its flame retardancy and low-temperature strength. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are also used as extreme pressure additives in metal- machining fluids or as metal working lubricants or cutting oils because of their viscous nature, compatibility with oils, and property of releasing hydrochloric acid at elevated temperatures. The hydrochloric acid reacts with metal surfaces to form a thin but strong solid film of metal chloride lubricant. They are added to paints, coatings and sealants to improve resistance to water and chemicals, which is most suitable when they are used in marine paints, as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels and swimming pools (e.g., rubber and chlorinated rubber coatings), and as road marking paints. The flame-retarding properties of highly Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s make them important as additives in plastics, fabrics, paints and coatings. The most effective fire-retardant action is obtained with a high degree of chlorination. By the late 1970s approximately 50% of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s in the USA was used as extreme pressure lubricant additives in the metal-working industry; 25% was used in plastics and fire-retardant and water- repellant fabric treatments, and the rest was used in paint, rubber, caulks and sealants In the United Kingdom, 65-70% of the consumed Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s is used as a secondary plasticizer in PVC, about

DESCRIPTION:
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes (paraffin wax).
The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, CPs are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.

CAS : 85535-85-9

SYNONYMS OF CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
CP,Chlorinated alkanes; Chlorinated waxes; Chlorafin; Flexchlor; NCI-C53587; Polychlorinated alkanes; Unichlor

As the chlorination degree of the chlorinated paraffins can vary there are different applications.
The main uses, however, are as a plasticizer in plastics and coatings, as binders in varnishes, as an additive in joint sealants, in metal processing, in fat liquors for leather and fur goods and as a flame retardant in plastics, rubber, paper and textiles.



Chlorinated paraffin (CP) is a complex chemical substance used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
Chlorinated paraffin is often used as a flame retardant and secondary plasticizer in rubber, paints, adhesives, caulks, sealants and plastics.
Another use is as a coolant or lubricant in metal cutting or forming.


Chlorinated paraffin (CP) – is a complex chemical substance of polychlorinated n-alkanes used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
The chlorination degree of Chlorinated paraffin (CP) can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into :
Short-chain C10-C13
Medium-chain C14-C17
Long-chain C>17
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated paraffin (CP) are colourless or yellowish liquids or solids




PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED PARAFFIN:
Chlorinated paraffins are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl

When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.


Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.

CPs are produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.
In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of chlorinated paraffins were produced in 2007.
Production and use volumes of CPs exceeded 1,000,000 tons in 2013.


Chlorinated paraffins are synthesized for industrial by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions at a temperature of 80–100 °C since the 1930s.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.



INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Production of CPs for industrial use started in the 1930s, with global production in 2000 being about 2 million tonnes.
Currently, over 200 CP formulations are in use for a wide range of industrial applications, such as flame retardants and plasticisers, as additives in metal working fluids, in sealants, paints, adhesives, textiles, leather fat and coatings.



USES OF CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Chlorinated paraffins are primarily used in metalworking applications and in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing.
Chlorinated paraffins are also used as plasticizers and flame retardants in a variety of applications, including in paints, adhesives and sealants, leather fat liquors, plastics, rubber, textiles and polymeric materials.


Historically, Chlorinated paraffins have been used as lubricants and coolants in metalworking fluids (MWF).
In general, lubricants that are chlorinated paraffins or contain chlorinated paraffin additives are designed to lubricate parts that experience extreme pressures, and are used in deep drawing, tube bending and cold heading.
The transition away from using Chlorinated paraffins, and chlorinated paraffins in general, in metalworking applications has included the development of alternatives as well as alternative processes.



Chlorinated paraffins are chemicals manufactured by chlorination of liquid n-paraffin or paraffin wax.
The largest application for chlorinated paraffins is as a plasticiser and flame-retardant in flexible PVC.
They are also used as plasticisers in paint, sealants and adhesives.

Higher chlorine content grades are used as flame-retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems.
Another major outlet for chlorinated paraffins is in the formulation of metalworking lubricants where they have long been recognised as one of the most effective additives that can be used in a wide range of engineering areas.


The main application for Chlorinated Paraffin (CP) is as a flame retardant.
When exposed to high temperatures, Chlorinated paraffin (CP) releases a substantial amount of HCI.
In its condensed phase, HCI contributes to the formation of char.
In its vapor phase, it can function as a flame poison.
Currently, over 200 formulations as Chlorinated Paraffin (CP) are in use for a wide range of industrial applications as:
• plasticizer: CP is used in some types of flooring, wire and cable insulation, and garden hose.
• paints – sealants – coatings : In traffic markings paint and marine applications, such as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels, swimming pools, etc.
• adhesives
• caulks
• plastics
• coolant or lubricant in metal working fluids
• additives
• textiles
• leather fat
• coating
• upholstery furniture
• flooring


Chlorinated paraffins are industrial chemicals, which may also be found in some consumer products.
Chlorinated paraffins are a family of complex chemical mixtures composed of varying lengths of carbon atom chains.
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins have 10 to 13 carbon atoms, medium-chain chlorinated paraffins have 14 to 17 carbon atoms, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins have 18 or more carbon atoms.


USAGE OF CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Chlorinated paraffins are used in metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and high pressure lubricating oils, as a plasticizer and in some cases as flame retardants in various polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products.
Chlorinated paraffins may also be used in products such as paints, sealants, rubber and elastomers.
Based on the most recent data available, chlorinated paraffins are not manufactured commercially, but are imported into Canada.



APPLICATIONS OF CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Chlorinated paraffins is used widely as a secondary plasticizer in flexible PVC compounds notably cable, footwear, hosing, conveyor belting, coated fabric and profiles.
In these applications Chlorinated paraffins can be used to partially replace more expensive primary plasticizers.
In compounds with flame-retardant requirements, Chlorinated paraffins is used to partially replace more expensive primary flame-retardants.


An important benefit of Chlorinated paraffins is its ability to reduce the unit cost of flexible PVC compounds.
Correct reformulation with UNICHLOR produces PVC compounds with comparable physical properties: softness or hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break and others, as well as heat aged retention of physical properties.

Increasingly, regulations specify flame resistance/ fire resistant in a growing number of applications.
Chlorinated paraffins is suitable for incorporation into PVC compounds and a range of other compounds and polymers, including polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester resins and natural and synthetic rubbers in products such as conveyor belts, polystyrene foam and glass fiber reinforced polyester.

Textiles for carpets, carpet backing, tarpaulins and tents and Paints can be treated with compositions to induce flame retardancy.
Chlorinated paraffins is used in lubricants as an extreme pressure additive, where it forms a tenacious film on working parts.

In cutting oils Chlorinated paraffins is used as an additive to minimize ‘weld’ formation.
In paints Chlorinated paraffins is used as a plasticizer for binders and resins.
Chlorinated paraffins is also used in caulks and sealants.
As an excellent carrier for powders such as pigments, stabilizers and inorganic fire retardants.

Chlorinated paraffins is mainly used as a flame retardant in conveyer belt, V belts, natural & synthetic rubber.
Chlorinated paraffins is mainly used as a plasticizer in formulation of PVC compounds & granules used in wires & cables, PVC windows and door profiles, PVC flooring, films & sheets, PVC foot wears, etc.

Chlorinated paraffins is Used in Polyurethane and Polysulfide based sealants and adhesives.
Chlorinated paraffins used As an extreme pressure additive in metal working fluids / cutting compounds.
Chlorinated paraffins used As a flame retardant in the paint industry in the formulation of swimming pool paints and other fire proof paints.



BENEFITS OF USING CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Overall Chlorinated paraffin offers:
Chlorinated paraffins has Flame-retardant low-cost solution for a wide range of applications.
Chlorinated paraffins has Greater flexibility at lower temperatures than conventional plasticizers.
Chlorinated paraffins has Improved resistance to both water and chemicals.

Chlorinated paraffins has Improved stain resistance.
Chlorinated paraffins has Viscosity regulation for PVC plastisols stability during dip and rotational molding.
Lubricant for metal surface during cleaning of metal parts.

The cleaning process eliminates contaminants like grease and oil, it can also remove plasticizers that are required for an effective formulation.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:

Chlorine content, wt%, 50-54
Content of acids expressed as HCl, wt%, max., 0.005
Density at 25 °С, g/cm, from 1.25 to 1.26
Thermal stability converted to mass fraction of split HCl, %, max., 0.15
Динамическая вязкость при 25 °С, П , 10-20
Dynamic viscosity at 25 °С, P, 0.005
Optical density, %, max., 0.6



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

CHLORINE DIOXIDE %3 Chlorine dioxide %3 the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with the chlorite ion or hydroxychloroquine. Chlorine dioxide %3 Structural formula of Chlorine dioxide %3 with assorted dimensions Spacefill model of Chlorine dioxide %3 Chlorine dioxide %3 gas and solution.jpg Names IUPAC name Chlorine dioxide %3 Other names Chlorine(IV) oxide Identifiers CAS Number 10049-04-4 ☑ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:29415 ☑ ChemSpider 23251 ☑ ECHA InfoCard 100.030.135 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 233-162-8 E number E926 (glazing agents, ...) Gmelin Reference 1265 MeSH Chlorine+dioxide PubChem CID 24870 RTECS number FO3000000 UNII 8061YMS4RM ☑ UN number 9191 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID5023958 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula ClO2 Molar mass 67.45 g·mol−1 Appearance Yellow to reddish gas Odor Acrid Density 2.757 g dm−3[1] Melting point −59 °C (−74 °F; 214 K) Boiling point 11 °C (52 °F; 284 K) Solubility in water 8 g/L (at 20 °C) Solubility soluble in alkaline and sulfuric acid solutions Vapor pressure >1 atm[2] Henry's law constant (kH) 4.01×10−2 atm m3 mol−1 Acidity (pKa) 3.0(5) Thermochemistry Std molar entropy (So298) 257.22 J K−1 mol−1 Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) 104.60 kJ/mol Hazards Main hazards Acute toxicity Safety data sheet Safety Data Sheet Archive. GHS pictograms GHS03: OxidizingGHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: Toxic GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H271, H314, H330 GHS precautionary statements P210, P220, P280, P283, P260, P264, P271, P284, P301, P330, P331, P311, P306, P360, P304, P340, P305, P351, P338, P371+380+375, P405, P403+233, P501 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 034OX Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose) 94 mg/kg (oral, rat)[3] LCLo (lowest published) 260 ppm (rat, 2 hr)[4] NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible) TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)[2] REL (Recommended) TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3) ST 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3)[2] IDLH (Immediate danger) 5 ppm[2] Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☑ verify (what is ☑☒ ?) Infobox references Chlorine dioxide %3 is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C. It is an oxidizing agent, able to transfer oxygen to a variety of substrates, while gaining one or more electrons via oxidation-reduction (redox). It does not hydrolyze when it enters water, and is usually handled as a dissolved gas in solution in water. Potential hazards with Chlorine dioxide %3 include health concerns, explosiveness and fire ignition.[5] It is commonly used as a bleach. Chlorine dioxide %3 was discovered in 1811 and has been widely used for bleaching purposes in the paper industry, and for treatment of drinking water. More recent developments have extended its application into food processing, disinfection of premises and vehicles, mold eradication, air disinfection and odor control, treatment of swimming pools, dental applications, and wound cleansing. The compound has been fraudulently marketed as an ingestible cure for a wide range of diseases, including childhood autism[6] and COVID-19.[7][8][9] Children who have been given enemas of Chlorine dioxide %3 as a supposed cure for childhood autism have suffered life-threatening ailments.[6] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that ingestion or other internal use of Chlorine dioxide %3 (other than perhaps oral rinsing under dentist supervision) has no health benefits and it should not be used internally for any reason.[10][11] Contents 1 Structure and bonding 2 Preparation 2.1 Oxidation of chlorite 2.2 Reduction of chlorate 2.3 Other processes 3 Handling properties 4 Uses 4.1 Bleaching 4.2 Water treatment 4.3 Use in public crises 4.4 Other disinfection uses 4.5 Pseudomedicine 4.6 Other uses 5 Safety issues in water and supplements 6 References 7 External links Structure and bonding Comparison of three-electron bond to the conventional covalent bond The two resonance structures Chlorine dioxide %3 is a neutral chlorine compound. It is very different from elemental chlorine, both in its chemical structure and in its behavior.[12] One of the most important qualities of Chlorine dioxide %3 is its high water solubility, especially in cold water. Chlorine dioxide %3 does not hydrolyze when it enters water; it remains a dissolved gas in solution. Chlorine dioxide %3 is approximately 10 times more soluble in water than chlorine.[12] The molecule ClO2 has an odd number of valence electrons, and therefore, it is a paramagnetic radical. Its electronic structure has long baffled chemists because none of the possible Lewis structures is very satisfactory. In 1933, L. O. Brockway proposed a structure that involved a three-electron bond.[13] Chemist Linus Pauling further developed this idea and arrived at two resonance structures involving a double bond on one side and a single bond plus three-electron bond on the other.[14] In Pauling's view the latter combination should represent a bond that is slightly weaker than the double bond. In molecular orbital theory this idea is commonplace if the third electron is placed in an anti-bonding orbital. Later work has confirmed that the highest occupied molecular orbital is indeed an incompletely-filled antibonding orbital.[15] Preparation Chlorine dioxide %3 is a compound that can decompose extremely violently when separated from diluting substances. As a result, preparation methods that involve producing solutions of it without going through a gas-phase stage are often preferred. Arranging handling in a safe manner is essential. Oxidation of chlorite In the laboratory, ClO2 can be prepared by oxidation of sodium chlorite with chlorine:[16] 2 NaClO2 + Cl2 → 2 ClO2 + 2 NaCl Traditionally, Chlorine dioxide %3 for disinfection applications has been made from sodium chlorite or the sodium chlorite–hypochlorite method: 2 NaClO2 + 2 HCl + NaOCl → 2 ClO2 + 3 NaCl + H2O or the sodium chlorite–hydrochloric acid method: 5 NaClO2 + 4 HCl → 5 NaCl + 4 ClO2 + 2 H2O or the chlorite–sulfuric acid method: 4 ClO− 2 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 ClO2 + HClO3 + 2 SO2− 4 + H2O + HCl All three methods can produce Chlorine dioxide %3 with high chlorite conversion yield. Unlike the other processes, the chlorite–sulfuric acid method produces completely chlorine-free Chlorine dioxide %3, although it suffers from the requirement of 25% more chlorite to produce an equivalent amount of Chlorine dioxide %3. Alternatively, hydrogen peroxide may be efficiently used in small-scale applications.[12] Reduction of chlorate In the laboratory, Chlorine dioxide %3 can also be prepared by reaction of potassium chlorate with oxalic acid: 2 KClO3 + 2 H2C2O4 → K2C2O4 + 2 ClO2 + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O 2 KClO3 + H2C2O4 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 KHSO4 + 2 ClO2 + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O Over 95% of the Chlorine dioxide %3 produced in the world today is made by reduction of sodium chlorate, for use in pulp bleaching. It is produced with high efficiency in a strong acid solution with a suitable reducing agent such as methanol, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid or sulfur dioxide.[12] Modern technologies are based on methanol or hydrogen peroxide, as these chemistries allow the best economy and do not co-produce elemental chlorine. The overall reaction can be written as:[17] chlorate + acid + reducing agent → Chlorine dioxide %3 + by-products As a typical example, the reaction of sodium chlorate with hydrochloric acid in a single reactor is believed to proceed through the following pathway: which gives the overall reaction The commercially more important production route uses methanol as the reducing agent and sulfuric acid for the acidity. Two advantages of not using the chloride-based processes are that there is no formation of elemental chlorine, and that sodium sulfate, a valuable chemical for the pulp mill, is a side-product. These methanol-based processes provide high efficiency and can be made very safe.[12] The variant process using chlorate, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid has been increasingly used since 1999 for water treatment and other small-scale disinfection applications, since it produce a chlorine-free product at high efficiency. Other processes Very pure Chlorine dioxide %3 can also be produced by electrolysis of a chlorite solution:[18] 2 NaClO2 + 2 H2O → 2 ClO2 + 2 NaOH + H2 High-purity Chlorine dioxide %3 gas (7.7% in air or nitrogen) can be produced by the gas–solid method, which reacts dilute chlorine gas with solid sodium chlorite:[18] 2 NaClO2 + Cl2 → 2 ClO2 + 2 NaCl Handling properties At partial pressures above 10 kPa[12] (or gas-phase concentrations greater than 10% volume in air at STP), ClO2 may explosively decompose into chlorine and oxygen. The decomposition can be initiated by light, hot spots, chemical reaction, or pressure shock. Thus, Chlorine dioxide %3 gas is never handled in concentrated form, but is almost always handled as a dissolved gas in water in a concentration range of 0.5 to 10 grams per liter. Its solubility increases at lower temperatures, thus it is common to use chilled water (5 °C) when storing at concentrations above 3 grams per liter. In many countries, such as the United States, Chlorine dioxide %3 gas may not be transported at any concentration and is almost always produced at the application site using a Chlorine dioxide %3 generator.[12] In some countries,[which?] Chlorine dioxide %3 solutions below 3 grams per liter in concentration may be transported by land, however, they are relatively unstable and deteriorate quickly. Uses Chlorine dioxide %3 is used for bleaching of wood pulp and for the disinfection (called chlorination) of municipal drinking water.[19][20]:4–1[21] As a disinfectant, it is effective even at low concentrations because of its unique qualities.[12][20] Bleaching Chlorine dioxide %3 is sometimes used for bleaching of wood pulp in combination with chlorine, but it is used alone in ECF (elemental chlorine-free) bleaching sequences. It is used at moderately acidic pH (3.5 to 6). The use of Chlorine dioxide %3 minimizes the amount of organochlorine compounds produced.[22] Chlorine dioxide %3 (ECF technology) currently is the most important bleaching method worldwide. About 95% of all bleached kraft pulp is made using Chlorine dioxide %3 in ECF bleaching sequences.[23] Chlorine dioxide %3 has been used to bleach flour.[24] Water treatment Further information: Water chlorination and Portable water purification § Chlorine dioxide %3 The Niagara Falls, New York, water treatment plant first used Chlorine dioxide %3 for drinking water treatment in 1944 for destroying "taste and odor producing phenolic compounds".[20]:4–17[21] Chlorine dioxide %3 was introduced as a drinking water disinfectant on a large scale in 1956, when Brussels, Belgium, changed from chlorine to Chlorine dioxide %3.[21] Its most common use in water treatment is as a pre-oxidant prior to chlorination of drinking water to destroy natural water impurities that would otherwise produce trihalomethanes on exposure to free chlorine.[25][26][27] Trihalomethanes are suspect carcinogenic disinfection by-products[28] associated with chlorination of naturally occurring organics in the raw water.[27] Chlorine dioxide %3 is also superior to chlorine when operating above pH 7,[20]:4–33 in the presence of ammonia and amines[citation needed] and for the control of biofilms in water distribution systems.[27] Chlorine dioxide %3 is used in many industrial water treatment applications as a biocide including cooling towers, process water, and food processing.[29] Chlorine dioxide %3 is less corrosive than chlorine and superior for the control of Legionella bacteria.[21][30] Chlorine dioxide %3 is superior to some other secondary water disinfection methods in that Chlorine dioxide %3 is an EPA-registered biocide, is not negatively impacted by pH, does not lose efficacy over time (the bacteria will not grow resistant to it), and is not negatively impacted by silica and phosphates, which are commonly used potable water corrosion inhibitors. It is more effective as a disinfectant than chlorine in most circumstances against waterborne pathogenic agents such as viruses,[31] bacteria and protozoa – including the cysts of Giardia and the oocysts of Cryptosporidium.[20]:4–20–4–21 The use of Chlorine dioxide %3 in water treatment leads to the formation of the by-product chlorite, which is currently limited to a maximum of 1 part per million in drinking water in the USA.[20]:4–33 This EPA standard limits the use of Chlorine dioxide %3 in the US to relatively high-quality water because this minimizes chlorite concentration, or water that is to be treated with iron-based coagulants (iron can reduce chlorite to chloride).[citation needed] Use in public crises Chlorine dioxide %3 has many applications as an oxidizer or disinfectant.[12] Chlorine dioxide %3 can be used for air disinfection[32] and was the principal agent used in the decontamination of buildings in the United States after the 2001 anthrax attacks.[33] After the disaster of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana, and the surrounding Gulf Coast, Chlorine dioxide %3 was used to eradicate dangerous mold from houses inundated by the flood water.[34] In addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has posted a list of many disinfectants that meet its criteria for use in environmental measures against the causative coronavirus.[35][36] Some are based on sodium chlorite that is activated into Chlorine dioxide %3, though differing formulations are used in each product. Many other products on the EPA list contain sodium hypochlorite, which is similar in name but should not be confused with sodium chlorite because they have very different modes of chemical action. Other disinfection uses Chlorine dioxide %3 may be used as a fumigant treatment to "sanitize" fruits such as blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries that develop molds and yeast.[37] Chlorine dioxide %3 may be used to disinfect poultry by spraying or immersing it after slaughtering.[38] Chlorine dioxide %3 may be used for the disinfection of endoscopes, such as under the trade name Tristel.[39] It is also available in a trio consisting of a preceding pre-clean with surfactant and a succeeding rinse with deionized water and a low-level antioxidant.[40] Chlorine dioxide %3 may be used for control of zebra and quagga mussels in water intakes.[20]:4–34 Chlorine dioxide %3 was shown to be effective in bedbug eradication.[41] Pseudomedicine See also: Miracle Mineral Supplement Chlorine dioxide %3 is fraudulently marketed as a magic cure for a range of diseases from brain cancer to AIDS. Enemas of Chlorine dioxide %3 are a supposed cure for childhood autism, resulting in complaints to the FDA reporting life-threatening reactions,[42] and even death.[43] Chlorine dioxide %3 is relabelled to a variety of brand names including, but not limited to MMS, Miracle Mineral Solution and CD protocol.[44] There is no scientific basis for Chlorine dioxide %3's medical properties and FDA has warned against its usage.[45][46] Other uses Chlorine dioxide %3 is used as an oxidant for destroying phenols in wastewater streams and for odor control in the air scrubbers of animal byproduct (rendering) plants.[20]:4–34 It is also available for use as a deodorant for cars and boats, in Chlorine dioxide %3-generating packages that are activated by water and left in the boat or car overnight. Safety issues in water and supplements Chlorine dioxide %3 is toxic, hence limits on exposure to it are needed to ensure its safe use. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has set a maximum level of 0.8 mg/L for Chlorine dioxide %3 in drinking water.[47] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), an agency of the United States Department of Labor, has set an 8-hour permissible exposure limit of 0.1 ppm in air (0.3 mg/m3) for people working with Chlorine dioxide %3.[48] On July 30, 2010, and again on October 1, 2010, the United States Food and Drug Administration warned against the use of the product "Miracle Mineral Supplement", or "MMS", which when made up according to instructions produces Chlorine dioxide %3. MMS has been marketed as a treatment for a variety of conditions, including HIV, cancer, autism, and acne. The FDA warnings informed consumers that MMS can cause serious harm to health and stated that it has received numerous reports of nausea, diarrhea, severe vomiting, and life-threatening low blood pressure caused by dehydration.[49][50] This warning was repeated for a third time on 12 August 2019, and a fourth on April 8, 2020, stating that ingesting MMS is the same as drinking bleach, and urging consumers to not use them or give these products to their children for any reason.[46] Chlorine dioxide %3 Chlorine dioxide %3 (ClO2) is a chemical compound consisting of one chlorine atom and two oxygen atoms. It is a reddish to yellowish-green gas at room temperature that dissolves in water. It is used for a variety of antimicrobial uses, including the disinfection of drinking water. Chlorine dioxide %3 gas is usually produced onsite from sodium chlorate or sodium chlorite. Safety Information Answering Questions Uses & Benefits Powerful Disinfection in Water Treatment Chlorine dioxide %3 is a disinfectant. When added to drinking water, it helps destroy bacteria, viruses and some types of parasites that can make people sick, such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the maximum concentration of Chlorine dioxide %3 in drinking water to be no greater than 0.8 parts per million (ppm). Industrial/Manufacturing Uses Chlorine dioxide %3 chemistry is used in a wide variety of industrial, oil and gas, food and municipal applications: Food and Beverage Production Chlorine dioxide %3 can be used as an antimicrobial agent in water used in poultry processing and to wash fruits and vegetables. Paper Processing Chlorine dioxide %3 is used to chemically process wood pulp for paper manufacturing. Medical Applications In hospitals and other healthcare environments, Chlorine dioxide %3 gas helps to sterilize medical and laboratory equipment, surfaces, rooms and tools. Researchers have found that at appropriate concentrations, Chlorine dioxide %3 is both safe and effective at helping to eliminate Legionella bacteria in hospital environments. Legionella pneumophila bacteria can cause Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially deadly type of pneumonia. Chlorine dioxide %3 is not a cure or treatment for medical ailments, including but not limited to autism, HIV, malaria, hepatitis viruses, influenza, common colds, and cancer. Claims that the ingestion of Chlorine dioxide %3, often advertised as “Miracle Mineral Solution” or MMS, will cure these or other ailments are false. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises MMS should not be consumed. Uses & BenefitsSafety Information Back to Top Safety Information Chlorine dioxide %3 is used to disinfect drinking water around the world. According to U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chlorine dioxide %3 is added to drinking water to protect people from harmful bacteria and other microorganisms. EPA recognizes Chlorine dioxide %3 use as a drinking water disinfectant, and it is included in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. In its pure form, Chlorine dioxide %3 is a hazardous gas but most people are “not likely” to breathe air containing dangerous levels of Chlorine dioxide %3 as it rapidly breaks down in air to chlorine gas and oxygen. For workers who use Chlorine dioxide %3, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Hazard Administration (OSHA) regulates the level of Chlorine dioxide %3 in workplace air for safety. OSHA has set a Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Chlorine dioxide %3 at 0.1 parts per million (ppm), or 0.3 milligrams (mg) per cubic meters (m3) for workers using Chlorine dioxide %3 for general industrial purposes. OSHA also has a PEL for Chlorine dioxide %3 for the construction industry. Chlorine dioxide %3 is always made at the location where it is used. Uses & BenefitsSafety Information Back to Top Answering Questions How is Chlorine dioxide %3 used in water treatment? According to EPA, Chlorine dioxide %3 is used “in public water-treatment facilities, to make water safe for drinking.” When Chlorine dioxide %3 is added to drinking water, it helps destroy bacteria, viruses and some types of parasites that can make people sick, such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. Is Chlorine dioxide %3 a miracle cure for numerous diseases and illnesses? No. Claims that Chlorine dioxide %3 is a treatment or cure for medical ailments such as autism, HIV, malaria, hepatitis viruses, influenza, common colds, cancer, or other diseases/ailments are not backed by science. Consumption of Chlorine dioxide %3 solutions, such as MMS, can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe dehydration. These products should not be consumed or given to someone to consume. The sale of these products as miracle cures is dangerous and has resulted in criminal convictions. Does Chlorine dioxide %3 remove odor? In water, Chlorine dioxide %3 is used to remove unpleasant tastes and odors, as well as to kill algae and bacteria that produce some bad tastes and odors. It is also used in some personal hygiene products. For example, Chlorine dioxide %3 can be used in mouthwashes and dentistry products as an oxidizing biocide compound to treat bad breath. Disinfectants Chlorine dioxide %3 discovery characteristics storage production applications drinking water swimming pools disinfectant disinfection health effects advantages and disadvantages legislation Chlorine dioxide %3 in bags Chlorine dioxide %3 Chlorine dioxide %3 is mainly used as a bleach. As a disinfectant it is effective even at low concentrations, because of its unique qualities. Figure 1: sir Humphrey Day discovered Chlorine dioxide %3 in 1814. When was Chlorine dioxide %3 discovered? Chlorine dioxide %3 was discovered in 1814 by Sir Humphrey Davy. He produced the gas by pouring sulphuric acid (H2SO4) on potassium chlorate (KClO3). Than he replaced sulphuric acid by hypochlorous acid (HOCl). In the last few years this reaction has also been used to produce large quantities of Chlorine dioxide %3. Sodium chlorate (NaClO3) was used instead of potassium chlorate. 2NaClO3 + 4HCl ® 2ClO2 + Cl2 + 2NaCl + 2H2O What are the characteristics of Chlorine dioxide %3 ? Chlorine dioxide %3 (ClO2) is a synthetic, green-yellowish gas with a chlorine-like, irritating odor. Chlorine dioxide %3 is a neutral chlorine compound. Chlorine dioxide %3 is very different from elementary chlorine, both in its chemical structure as in its behavior. Chlorine dioxide %3 is a small, volatile and very strong molecule. In diluted, watery solutions Chlorine dioxide %3 is a free radical. At high concentrations it reacts strongly with reducing agents. Chlorine dioxide %3 is an unstable gas that dissociates into chlorine gas (Cl2), oxygen gas (O2) and heat. When Chlorine dioxide %3 is photo-oxidized by sunlight, it falls apart. The end-products of Chlorine dioxide %3 reactions are chloride (Cl-), chlorite (ClO-) and chlorate (ClO3-). At –59°C, solid Chlorine dioxide %3 becomes a reddish liquid. At 11°C Chlorine dioxide %3 turns into gas. Chlorine dioxide %3 is 2,4 times denser than air. As a liquid Chlorine dioxide %3 has a bigger density than water. Can Chlorine dioxide %3 be dissolved in water? One of the most important qualities of Chlorine dioxide %3 is its high water solubility, especially in cold water. Chlorine dioxide %3 does not hydrolyze when it enters water; it remains a dissolved gas in solution. Chlorine dioxide %3 is approximately 10 times more soluble in water than chlorine. Chlorine dioxide %3 can be removed by aeration or carbon dioxide. Table 1: the solubility of Chlorine dioxide %3 in water How can Chlorine dioxide %3 be stored? The best way to store Chlorine dioxide %3 is as a liquid at 4 ºC. At this state it is fairly stable. Chlorine dioxide %3 cannot be stored for too long, because it slowly dissociates into chlorine and oxygen. It is rarely stored as a gas, because it is explosive under pressure. When concentrations are higher than 10% Chlorine dioxide %3 in air, there is an explosion hazard. In a watery solution, Chlorine dioxide %3 remain stable and soluble. Watery solutions containing approximately 1% ClO2 (10 g/L) can safely be stored, under the condition that they are protected from light and heat interference. Chlorine dioxide %3 is rarely transported, because of its explosiveness and instability. It is usually manufactured on site. How is Chlorine dioxide %3 produced? Chlorine dioxide %3 is explosive under pressure. It is difficult to transport and is usually manufactured on site. Chlorine dioxide %3 is usually produced as a watery solution or gas. It is produced in acidic solutions of sodium chlorite (NaClO2), or sodium chlorate (NaClO3). For large installations sodium chlorite, chlorine gas (Cl2), sodium hydrogen chlorite (NaHClO2) and sulphuric or hydrogen acid are used for the production of Chlorine dioxide %3 on site. To produce Chlorine dioxide %3 gas, hydrochloric acid (HCl) or chlorine is brought together with sodium chlorite. The to main reactions are: 2NaClO2 + Cl2 ® 2ClO2 + 2NaCl (Acidified hypochlorite can also be used as an alternative source for chlorine.) And: 5 NaClO2 + 4HCl ® 4 ClO2 + 5NaCl + 2H2O (One disadvantage of this method is that it is rather hazardous.) An alternative is: 2 NaClO2 + Na2S2O8 ® 2ClO2 + 2Na2SO4 Chlorine dioxide %3 can also be produced by the reaction of sodium hypochlorite with hydrochloric acid: HCl + NaOCl + 2NaClO2 ® 2ClO2 + 2NaCl + NaOH The amount Chlorine dioxide %3 that is produced varies between 0 and 50 g/L. What are the applications of Chlorine dioxide %3? Chlorine dioxide %3 has many applications. It is used in the electronics industry to clean circuit boards, in the oil industry to treat sulfides and to bleach textile and candles. In World War II, chlorine became scarce and Chlorine dioxide %3 was used as a bleach. Nowadays Chlorine dioxide %3 is used most often to bleach paper. It produces a clearer and stronger fiber than chlorine does. Chlorine dioxide %3 has the advantage that it produces less harmful byproducts than chlorine. Chlorine dioxide %3 gas is used to sterilize medical and laboratory equipment, surfaces, rooms and tools. Chlorine dioxide %3 can be used as oxidizer or disinfectant. It is a very strong oxidizer and it effectively kills pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and viruses. It also prevents and removes bio film. As a disinfectant and pesticide it is mainly used in liquid form. Chlorine dioxide %3 can also be used against anthrax, because it is effective against spore-forming bacteria. Chlorine dioxide %3 as an oxidizer As an oxidizer Chlorine dioxide %3 is very selective. It has this ability due to unique one-electron exchange mechanisms. Chlorine dioxide %3 attacks the electron-rich centers of organic molecules. One electron is transferred and Chlorine dioxide %3 is reduced to chlorite (ClO2- ). Figure 2: Chlorine dioxide %3 is more selective as an oxidizer than chlorine. While dosing the same concentrations, the residual concentration of Chlorine dioxide %3 is much higher with heavy pollution than the residual concentration of chlorine. By comparing the oxidation strength and oxidation capacity of different disinfectants, one can conclude that Chlorine dioxide %3 is effective at low concentrations. Chlorine dioxide %3 is not as reactive as ozone or chlorine and it only reacts with sulphuric substances, amines and some other reactive organic substances. In comparison to chlorine and ozone, less Chlorine dioxide %3 is required to obtain an active residual disinfectant. It can also be used when a large amount of organic matter is present. The oxidation strength describes how strongly an oxidizer reacts with an oxidizable substance. Ozone has the highest oxidation strength and reacts with every substance that can be oxidized. Chlorine dioxide %3 is weak, it has a lower potential than hypochlorous acid or hypobromous acid. The oxidation capacity shows how many electrons are transferred at an oxidation or reduction reaction. The chlorine atom in Chlorine dioxide %3 has an oxidation number of +4. For this reason Chlorine dioxide %3 accepts 5 electrons when it is reduced to chloride. When we look at the molecular weight, Chlorine dioxide %3 contains 263 % 'available chlorine'; this is more than 2,5 times the oxidation capacity of chlorine.

CHLOROACETIC ACID, N° CAS : 79-11-8, Nom INCI : CHLOROACETIC ACID, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-178-4, Kératolytique : Décolle et élimine les cellules mortes de la couche cornée de l'apiderme

5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; Methylchloroisothiazolinone; 5-Chloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone; Chloromethylisothiazolinone; 5-chloro-N-methylisothiazolone; Kathon IXE; n-methyl-5-chloroisothiazolone CAS NO:26172-55-4

p-Chlorophenylamine; 4-chlorobenzenamine; 4-Chloro-1-aminobenzene; 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene; p-aminochlorobenzene; 4-Choraniline; 1-AMINO-4-CHLOROBENZENE; 4-CHLOROANILINE; 4-CHLOROBENZENAMINE; 4-CHLORO-PHENYLAMINE; AKOS BBS-00003661; PARA CHLORO ANILINE; P-CHLOROANILINE; 1,4-aminochlorobenzene; 4-amino-1-chlorobenzene; 4-aminochlorobenzene; 4-Chloranilin; 4-chloranilin(czech); 4-Chloro-1-aminobenzene; 4-chloro-anilin; 4-Chloroaniline,p-Chloroaniline; 4-chlorobenzamine; 4-chloro-benzenamin; 4-chloro-Benzeneamine; Aniline, 4-chloro-; Aniline, p-chloro- CAS NO:106-47-8

1-AMINO-4-CHLORO-2,5-DIMETHOXYBENZENE; 2,5-DIMETHOXY-4-CHLORANILINE; 2,5-DIMETHOXY-4-CHLOROANILINE; 4-CHLORO-2,5-DIMETHOXYANILINE; 4-CHLORO-2,5-DIMETHOXYL ANILINE; 4-CHLORO-5-METHOXY-M-ANISIDINE; TIMTEC-BB SBB003681; 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-anilin; 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-benzenamin; Benzenamine, 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-; 4-Chloro-2,5-Dimethoxy Benzenamine; 4-Chloro-2,5-dimethyoxyaniline; 4-Chlor-2,5-dimethoxyanilin CAS NO:6358-64-1

Chlorolithium is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl.
Chlorolithium is hygroscopic and highly soluble in water, and is highly polar.
Chlorolithium is more soluble in polar organic solvents such as methanol and acetone than is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

CAS Number: 7447-41-8
EC Number: 231-212-3
Molecular Formula: ClLi
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 42.39

Chlorolithium is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl.
Chlorolithium is a typical ionic compound (with certain covalent characteristics), although the small size of the Li+ ion gives rise to properties not seen for other alkali metal chlorides, such as extraordinary solubility in polar solvents (83.05 g/100 mL of water at 20 °C) and Chlorolithium hygroscopic properties.

Chlorolithium appears as colorless crystals or powder.
Chlorolithium is a metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.

Chlorolithium has a role as an antimanic drug and a geroprotector.
Chlorolithium is an inorganic chloride and a lithium salt.

A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.

Chlorolithium is a white solid hygroscopic soluble in water, alcohol and ether.
The chemical formula for Chlorolithium is LiCl.

Chlorolithium is made by the action of hydrochloric acid on lithium hydroxide.
The resulting solution is evaporated to get a mixture of saturated solution and Chlorolithium crystals.

The solid and the solution is separated and the supernatant solution is recycled for further evaporation.
Chlorolithium is a solid which absorbs water to form a hydrate, LiCl.HO.

Chlorolithium is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Chlorolithium is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Chlorolithium appears as colorless crystals or powder.
Chlorolithium is a solid which absorbs water to form a hydrate, LiCl.H2O.

Chlorolithium is a very effective antimanic drug for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Chlorolithium is well soluble in water, alcohol, acetone, and amyl alcohol.
Chlorolithium is also used as a flame colorant to produce dark red flames.

Chlorolithium is an excellent water soluble crystalline Lithium source for uses compatible with Chlorides.
Chlorolithium is generally immediately available in most volumes.

Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water.
Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal.

They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation.
Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared.

The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems.
They can form either inorganic or organic compounds.

Chlorolithium is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl.
Chlorolithium behaves as a fairly typical ionic compound, although the Li+ ion is very small.

Chlorolithium is hygroscopic and highly soluble in water, and is highly polar.
Chlorolithium is more soluble in polar organic solvents such as methanol and acetone than is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

Chlorolithium is an ionic compound.
Chlorolithium has the chemical formula LiCl.

Chlorolithium exists as a white crystalline compound that is highly soluble in water.
Chlorolithium is commonly used as a desiccant to absorb moisture, as well as in the production of lithium metal, which is used in batteries and other applications.

Chlorolithium also has some applications in medicine, such as in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Chlorolithium is sometimes used as a mood stabiliser, and may be prescribed as a treatment for manic episodes or depression associated with bipolar disorder.

Chlorolithium is an ionic compound and hygroscopic in nature, meaning that is soluble in water, ether, and alcohol.

The chemical formula of Chlorolithium is LiCl.
Since the size of Li+ ion gives rise to certain properties unique from the rest of the alkali metal chlorides, the molecular weight of Chlorolithium is 42.394 g/mol.

Chlorolithium was during the 1950s that people produced Chlorolithium to replace Chlorolithium with common table salt (NaCl).
The common process to produce Chlorolithium is made by the action of hydrochloric acid on lithium hydroxide.

Chlorolithium (LiCl) is an ionic compound or salt that is highly polar and soluble in water.
Chlorolithium is more soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and methanol than potassium chloride or sodium chloride.
Chlorolithium is widely used in several industrial applications.

Chlorolithium Formula is a typical ionic compound and a salt of lithium.
Due to the small size of the lithium-ion ( Li+ ), Chlorolithium gives rise to properties that we cannot see in other alkali metal chlorides.

We also know Chlorolithium by the name of Lithium chloride,
During the year the 1940s for a short while they produce Chlorolithium as a compound to replace common salt (Sodium Chloride NaCl).

Chlorolithium is an antiviral metal halide utilized in a variety of assays to study cell-fate and neurobiology.
In developing Xenopus embryos, Chlorolithium is observed to exert inhibition of GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β), yet not reported to be a general inhibitor of other protein kinases.

These observations may have implications for Chlorolithium on cell-fate determination in several organisms including Xenopus and Dictyostelium.
Additionally, in transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO) stimulated with angiotension II (Ang II), Chlorolithium was noted that Chlorolithium enhanced the production of inositol triphosphate.

The antiviral properties of Chlorolithium were noted in a study which showed that Chlorolithium inhibited pseudorabis virus infection in vitro.
In Drosophila, Chlorolithium was observed that in the nervous system, Chlorolithium may have an effect on amino acid metabolism.
Futhermore, in glial primary cell cultures, Chlorolithium has been noted to provide protection against glutamate excitotoxicity by potentially reducing NR1 mRNA, the major N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit in the cells.

Chlorolithium is a chemical compound with a chemical formula “LiCl”.
The salt is a normal ionic compound, although the Li+ ion is small in size, Chlorolithium produces unrecognized effects for other alkali metal chlorides, such as exceptional solubility in polar solvents and Chlorolithium hygroscopic properties.

Chlorolithium acts as a highly effective catalyst for cyanosilylation of various aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding silylated cyanohydrins.
The reaction proceeds smoothly with a substrate/catalyst molar ratio of 100−100 000 at 20−25 °C under solvent-free conditions.

α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes are completely converted to the 1,2-adducts.
The cyanation products can be isolated by direct distillation of the reaction mixture.

Uses of Chlorolithium:
Chlorolithium is a metal Chloride salt with the Li(+) counterion.
Chlorolithium works as an antimanic medication.
Chlorolithium an inorganic Chloride and a Lithium salt.

Chlorolithium applications include:
Chlorolithium is primarily utilized in the electrolysis of a LiCl/KCl melt at 450°C (842°F) to produce Lithium metal.
Chlorolithium is also used as a brazing flux for aluminum in vehicle parts, as well as a desiccant for drying air streams.

Chlorolithium is also employed in chemical synthesis, such as an additive in the Stille reaction.
Chlorolithium can also be used to precipitate RNA from cellular samples in biological applications.
Chlorolithium is used as an aversive agent in lab animals to study conditioned location preference and aversion.

Chlorolithium is used in biological research as an immune modulator.
Chlorolithium is used to produce lithium metal and lithium borohydride.

Chlorolithium is also used in fluxes, dipping baths, desiccants, fireworks, fire extinguishers, deicer solutions, dehumidifiers, and photosensitive developers.
Chlorolithium is also used as a catalyst, chlorinating agent, dry cell electrolyte, textile spinning stabilizer, antistatic fabric finish, and wastewater tracer.

Chlorolithium (LiCl) is an ionic compound or salt that is highly polar and soluble in water.
Chlorolithium is more soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and methanol than potassium chloride or sodium chloride.
Chlorolithium is widely used in several industrial applications.

Chlorolithium is used in large dehumidification systems in the air conditioning industry.
Chlorolithium depends on the low equilibrium pressure of water vapour above solutions of Chlorolithium.

Chlorolithium is used in a number of salt mixtures exist low melting points allowing Chlorolithium to be used in brazing fluxes and brazing baths.
Chlorolithium is used as an electrolyte for the production of lithium metal and used as an electrolyte in voltaic cells.

Lithium Metal by Electrolysis:
Chlorolithium is primarily used at 450 ° C (842 ° F) for the preparation of lithium metal by electrolysis of a LiCl / KCl.

As Brazing Flux:
Chlorolithium is also used as a brazing flux for aluminum in automobile parts.
Other Chlorolithium Uses:As desiccant in drying air streams.

Chlorolithium is used in organic synthesis.
For example, as an additive in the Stille reaction. 

Niche uses:
Chlorolithium is used as a relative humidity standard in the calibration of hygrometers.
At 25 °C (77 °F) a saturated solution (45.8%) of the salt will yield an equilibrium relative humidity of 11.30%.

Additionally, Chlorolithium can be used as a hygrometer.
This deliquescent salt forms a self-solution when exposed to air.

The equilibrium Chlorolithium concentration in the resulting solution is directly related to the relative humidity of the air.
The percent relative humidity at 25 °C (77 °F) can be estimated, with minimal error in the range 10–30 °C (50–86 °F), from the following first-order equation: RH=107.93-2.11C, where C is solution Chlorolithium concentration, percent by mass.

Chlorolithium is used for the preparation of carbon nanotubes, graphene and lithium niobate.

Chlorolithium has been shown to have strong acaricidal properties, being effective against Varroa destructor in populations of honey bees.
Chlorolithium is used as an aversive agent in lab animals to study conditioned place preference and aversion.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Chlorolithium is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals, polymers, water treatment chemicals and welding & soldering products.
Chlorolithium is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.

Chlorolithium is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Chlorolithium is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Uses at industrial sites:
Chlorolithium is used in the following products: welding & soldering products, laboratory chemicals, air care products, inks and toners, pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals, polymers and water treatment chemicals.
Chlorolithium is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.

Chlorolithium is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products and pulp, paper and paper products.
Release to the environment of Chlorolithium can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.

Industry Uses:
Adsorbents and absorbents
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediate
Intermediates
Ion exchange agents
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Other (specify)
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Chlorolithium is used in the following products: coating products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, adhesives and sealants, inks and toners, pH regulators and water treatment products, photo-chemicals, polishes and waxes and welding & soldering products.
Other release to the environment of Chlorolithium is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Other Consumer Uses:
Adsorbent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Battery Manufacturing
Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing)
Sewer and Wastewater Treatment
Photographic Processing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Applications of Chlorolithium:
Chlorolithium is used as an electrolyte for low temperature dry battery cells and as an oxidation catalyst.
Chlorolithium is a solubilizer for polyamides and cellulose when used with amide solvents, and is a chlorinating agent for steroid substrates.

Chlorolithium has also been utilized in:
Large scale plasmid DNA isolation without ultracentrifugation.
Protein extraction and protein crystallization.
Crystallization of other biological structures, including vitamin B12-RNA aptamer and the L-A virus particle.

Inhibits the expression and secretion of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in H4-II-E cells.
Chlorolithium is used in the synthesis of beta-substituted alpha-amino acid derivatives.
Chlorolithium may be used to selectively pre­cipitate RNA.

Commercial applications:
Chlorolithium is mainly used for the production of lithium metal by electrolysis of a LiCl/KCl melt at 450 °C (842 °F).
Chlorolithium is also used as a brazing flux for aluminium in automobile parts.

Chlorolithium is used as a desiccant for drying air streams.
In more specialized applications, Chlorolithium finds some use in organic synthesis, e.g., as an additive in the Stille reaction.
Also, in biochemical applications, Chlorolithium can be used to precipitate RNA from cellular extracts.

Chlorolithium is also used as a flame colorant to produce dark red flames.

Electrochemistry:
Lithium metal is produced by electrolysis of Chlorolithium and potassium chloride, which melts at 450°C.
High-purity Chlorolithium is used as the feedstock in the process and makes about 99.5% pure lithium metal.

Lithium is contained in a carbon steel pot, while the chlorine gas is collected in a stainless steel or glass pipe for applications in other processes.
Lithium flows into a collecting tank and is later cast into ingots.
A mesh or stainless-steel screen separates the two compartments to prevent Chlorolithium from mixing.

Biochemical Applications:
Chlorolithium is used to precipitate RNA from cellular extractsAs a flame colorant, Chlorolithium is used to produce dark red flames.

Other Applications:
Chlorolithium is used as a flame colorant to form dark crimson flames.
Chlorolithium is used in the precipitation of RNA in biological applications.

Chlorolithium is an aluminum blazing flux in automobile parts.
Chlorolithium is used for several soldering and welding techniques and salt bath heat treatment at low temperatures.

Chlorolithium is used in massive dehumidification systems in the AC industry.
This depends on the low equilibrium pressure of vapor above Chlorolithium solutions.

Typical Properties of Chlorolithium:

Physical Properties:
Chlorolithium has a sharp, saline taste
Chlorolithium has cubic crystals, crystalline powder, or granule appearance

Chlorolithium has a melting point of 121°F and 2.068 density at 77°F
Chlorolithium aqueous solution is neutral and a bit alkaline
Soluble in ether, nitrobenzene, and water alcohols

Chlorolithium is Deliquescent in nature, appear as cubic crystals, granules or crystalline powder
Chlorolithium has sharp saline taste

Chlorolithium has Boiling point of 2417 to 2480 °F at 760 mm Hg
Chlorolithium Melting point is 1121 °F

Chlorolithium has Density of 2.068 at 77 °F
Aqueous solution of Chlorolithium is neutral or slightly alkaline

Solubility: Very soluble in water alcohols, ether, pyridine, nitrobenzene

Chemical properties:
The salt forms crystalline hydrates, unlike the other alkali metal chlorides.
Mono-, tri-, and pentahydrates are known.

The anhydrous salt can be regenerated by heating the hydrates.
Chlorolithium also absorbs up to four equivalents of ammonia/mol.

As with any other ionic chloride, solutions of Chlorolithium can serve as a source of chloride ion, e.g., forming a precipitate upon treatment with silver nitrate:
LiCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + LiNO3

Chlorolithium reaction with sulfuric acid forms lithium sulfate and hydrogen chloride.

The chemical equation is given below.
2LiCl + H SO → 2 HCl + Li SO

Chlorolithium reacts with a base like sodium hydroxide and forms lithium hydroxide and sodium chloride.
LiCl + NaOH → LiOH + NaCl

Formula and Structure of Chlorolithium:
The chemical formula of Chlorolithium is LiCl.
Chlorolithium has a molar mass of 42.394 g/mol.
On molecular level the positively charged lithium-ion ( Li+ ) reacts with the negatively charged chloride ion ( Cl− ) to form Chlorolithium (LiCl).

Formula:
When the positively charged lithium-ion (Li+) reacts with the negatively charged chloride ion (Cl−) then the obtained formula is known as Chlorolithium (LiCl).
The molecule is formed by one lithium cation Li+ and one chlorine anion Cl–.

The molar mass of Chlorolithium is 42.39 g/mol.
The chemical and molecular formula of Chlorolithium is LiCl.

Structure:
Chlorolithium is an ionic compound in which lithium is a metal compound and chloride is a nonmetal compound.
Where electrons are transferred from metal ion to nonmetal ion.
In this type of structure, one electron is transferred by lithium and Chlorolithium becomes electropositive chlorine gain one electron then Chlorolithium becomes electronegative.

Manufacturing Methods of Chlorolithium:
Chlorolithium can be extracted from other alkali-metal chlorides with amyl alcohol.

By reaction of lithium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, with special steel or nickel equipment because of the extreme corrosivity of Chlorolithium.
Concentration of the solution (eg, in a vacuum evaporator) causes Chlorolithium to crystallize.
Chlorolithium is then separated from the mother liquor, dried, and packed in moisture-proof containers.

General Manufacturing Information of Chlorolithium:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (requires additional information)
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing

Preparation of Chlorolithium:
Chlorolithium is produced by treatment of lithium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
Anhydrous Chlorolithium is prepared from the hydrate by heating in a stream of hydrogen chloride.

Precautions of Chlorolithium:
Lithium salts affect the central nervous system in a variety of ways.
While the citrate, carbonate, and orotate salts are currently used to treat bipolar disorder, other lithium salts including the chloride were used in the past.

For a short time in the 1940s Chlorolithium was manufactured as a salt substitute for people with hypertension, but this was prohibited after the toxic effects of Chlorolithium (tremors, fatigue, nausea) were recognized.
Chlorolithium was, however, noted by J. H. Talbott that many symptoms attributed to Chlorolithium toxicity may have also been attributable to sodium chloride deficiency, to the diuretics often administered to patients who were given Chlorolithium, or to the patients' underlying conditions.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Chlorolithium:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Adjuvants, Immunologic:
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level.
The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens.
Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1).

Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens.
The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Action Mechanism of Chlorolithium:
Intraperitoneal Chlorolithium (LiCl) induces transient expression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and c-fos mRNAs in the rat adrenal cortex and increases plasma level of corticosterone.
The cortical expression of ICER mRNA by Chlorolithium occurs in a dose-dependent manner.

Adrenal induction of ICER expression is delayed compared with c-fos expression.
Dexamethasone pretreatment (4 mg/kg) blocks corticosterone release and adrenocortical ICER induction either by systemic Chlorolithium (76 mg/kg) or by restraint stress.
Intracerebroventricular Chlorolithium (127 ug/5 uL) is sufficient for adrenocortical, but not medullary, ICER induction.

Lithium, through modulating basic cellular signalling pathways, is capable of modulating several neurotransmitter systems in the brain such as cholinergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways.
Lithium may also slightly alter the reuptake and presynaptic storage of catecholamines in directions consistent with incr inactivation of the amines.

In animal brain tissue, Li+ at concn of 1 to 10 mEq/L inhibits the depolarization-provoked and Ca+2-dependent release of norepinephrine and dopamine, but not serotonin, from nerve terminals.
Li+ may even enhance the release of serotonin, especially in the limbic system, at least transiently.

The ion has little effect on catecholamine-sensitive adenylyl cyclase activity or on the binding of ligands to monoamine receptors in brain tissue, although there is some evidence that Li+ can inhibit the effects of receptor-blocking agents that cause supersensitivity in such systems.
Li+ can modify some hormonal responses mediated by adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C in other tissues, including the actions of antidiuretic and thyroid-stimulating hormones on the actions of antidiuretic and thyroid-stimulating hormones on their peripheral target tissues.
In part, the actions of Li+ may reflect Chlorolithium ability to interfere with the activity of both stimulatory and inhibitory GTP-binding proteins (Gs and Gi) by keeping them in their less active alpha-beta-gamma trimer state.

Drug Warnings of Chlorolithium:
Lithium may also be absorbed via the lungs.
A systemic resorption of lithium was shown in a study on 27 intensive care unit patients, who were mechanically ventilated with lithium-chloride-coated heat and moisture exchangers for at least 5 days.

Serum lithium was non-detectable at the first measurement, whereas 0.01-0.05 mM appeared in the blood from the 1st to the 4th day.
In the following days, Chlorolithium remained at this level or increased to 0.1 mM.

After cessation of the mechanical ventilation, serum lithium levels went back to undetectable levels within a few days.
In a 7 year-old girl, the serum Li concentration rose to about 1 mM after a week, came back to 0.1 mM, rose to 3.9 mM on the 16th day and then returned to the usual low range (0.05-0.1 mM).
The authors calculated that for adults, the daily amount of Chlorolithium inhaled from a new heat and moisture exchanger (80% of the lithium content) can be considered equivalent to an oral dose of 100 mg/day of Chlorolithium or 16 mg Li/day.

Since the ion also is secreted in human milk, women receiving Li+ should not breast-feed infants.

A well-established regimen can be complicated by occasional periods of Na+ loss, as may occur with an intercurrent medical illness or with losses or restrictions of fluids and electrolytes; heavy sweating may be an exception due to a preferential secretion of Li+ over Na+ in sweat.
Hence, patients taking Li+ should have plasma concn checked at least occasionally.

Side effects including nausea, diarrhea, daytime drowsiness, polyuria, polydipsia, weight gain, fine hand tremor, and dermatological reactions including acne are common even in therapeutic dose ranges.

Handling and Storage of Chlorolithium:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material.

Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect Chlorolithium from moisture.

Reactivity Profile of Chlorolithium:
These materials have weak oxidizing or reducing powers.
Redox reactions can however still occur.
For example, CO2, which is often regarded as chemically inert, vigorously oxidizes the strong reducing agent Mg if the two are heated together.

The majority of compounds in this class are slightly soluble or insoluble in water.
If soluble in water, then the solutions are usually neither strongly acidic nor strongly basic.

These compounds are not water-reactive.
Some do react with acids: carbonates generate carbon dioxide and heat when treated with acids; fluorides, sulfites and sulfides generate toxic gases (hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, respectively) when treated with acids.

First Aid Measures of Chlorolithium:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
If symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop, immediately transport the victim to a hospital.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.
Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.

If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting
Fires involving Chlorolithium can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.

Accidental Release Measures of Chlorolithium:

Spillage Disposal:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of Chlorolithium.
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Carefully collect remainder.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Disposal Methods:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Chlorolithium approved use or return Chlorolithium to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Chlorolithium's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Identifiers of Chlorolithium:
CAS Number: 7447-41-8
ChEBI: CHEBI:48607
ChEMBL: ChEMBL69710
ChemSpider: 22449
ECHA InfoCard: 100.028.375
EC Number: 231-212-3
MeSH: Lithium+chloride
PubChem CID: 433294
RTECS number: OJ5950000
UNII: G4962QA067
UN number: 2056
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2025509
InChI: InChI=1S/ClH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/ClH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/ClH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-REWHXWOFAB
SMILES: [Li+].[Cl-]

CAS: 7447-41-8
Molecular Formula: ClLi
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 42.39
MDL Number: MFCD00011078
InChI Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
PubChem CID: 433294
ChEBI: CHEBI:48607
IUPAC Name: lithium(1+) chloride
SMILES: [Li+].[Cl-]

Linear Formula: LiCl
MDL Number: MFCD00011078
EC No.: 231-212-3
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 433294
IUPAC Name: Lithium chloride
SMILES: [Li+].[Cl-]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/ClH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
InchI Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Synonyms: Lithium chloride
Linear Formula: LiCl
CAS Number: 7447-41-8
Molecular Weight: 42.39
EC Number: 231-212-3

CAS number: 7447-41-8
EC number: 231-212-3
Grade: ACS,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: ClLi
Chemical formula: LiCl
Molar Mass: 42.39 g/mol
HS Code: 2827 39 85
Quality Level: MQ300

Properties of Chlorolithium:
Chemical formula: LiCl
Molar mass: 42.39 g·mol−1
Appearance: white solid
hygroscopic, sharp
Density: 2.068 g/cm3
Melting point: 605–614 °C (1,121–1,137 °F; 878–887 K)
Boiling point: 1,382 °C (2,520 °F; 1,655 K)
Solubility in water: 68.29 g/100 mL (0 °C)
74.48 g/100 mL (10 °C)
84.25 g/100 mL (25 °C)
88.7 g/100 mL (40 °C)
123.44 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: soluble in hydrazine, methylformamide, butanol, selenium(IV) oxychloride, propanol
Solubility in methanol: 45.2 g/100 g (0 °C)
43.8 g/100 g (20 °C)
42.36 g/100 g (25 °C)
44.6 g/100 g (60 °C)
Solubility in ethanol: 14.42 g/100 g (0 °C)
24.28 g/100 g (20 °C)
25.1 g/100 g (30 °C)
23.46 g/100 g (60 °C)
Solubility in formic acid: 26.6 g/100 g (18 °C)
27.5 g/100 g (25 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 1.2 g/100 g (20 °C)
0.83 g/100 g (25 °C)
0.61 g/100 g (50 °C)
Solubility in liquid ammonia: 0.54 g/100 g (-34 °C)
3.02 g/100 g (25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 1 torr (785 °C)
10 torr (934 °C)
100 torr (1130 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −24.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.662 (24 °C)
Viscosity: 0.87 cP (807 °C)

Compound Formula: ClLi
Molecular Weight: 42.39
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 605° C (1,121° F)
Boiling Point: 1,382° C (2,520° F)
Density: 2.07 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 41.9849
Monoisotopic Mass: 41.9849

Boiling point: 1360 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 2.07 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 608.52 °C
pH value: 6 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 1.33 hPa (547 °C)
Bulk density: 530 kg/m3
Solubility: 569 g/l

Molecular Weight: 42.4 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 41.9848561 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 41.9848561 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 2
Complexity: 2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Chlorolithium:
Assay (argentometric, LiCl): ≥ 99 %
Insoluble matter: ≤ 0.01 %
Nitrate (NO₃): ≤ 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 0.005 %
Heavy metals (ACS): ≤ 0.002 %
Ba (Barium): ≤ 0.002 %
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.005 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.0005 %
K (Potassium): ≤ 0.01 %
Mg (Magnesium): ≤ 0.005 %
Na (Sodium): ≤ 0.02 %
Total of alkali: ≤ 0.008 meq/g
Loss on drying (130 °C): ≤ 1.0 %

Boiling Point: 1382.0°C
Melting Point: 605.0°C
Color: White
Physical Form: Crystalline Granules
Quantity: 100 g
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (Argentometry)
Linear Formula: LiCl
Fieser: 01,609; 02,246; 04,298; 05,677; 12,277; 16,194
Merck Index: 15,5584
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 832g/L (20°C). Other solubilities: soluble in alcohols, ether, pyridine,, nitrobenzene and acetone

Structure of Chlorolithium:
Coordination geometry: Octahedral
Molecular shape: Linear (gas)
Dipole moment: 7.13 D (gas)

Thermochemistry of Chlorolithium:
Heat capacity (C): 48.03 J/mol·K
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 59.31 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -408.27 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): -384 kJ/mol

Related compounds of Chlorolithium:

Other anions:
Lithium fluoride
Lithium bromide
Lithium iodide
Lithium astatide

Other cations:
Sodium chloride
Potassium chloride
Rubidium chloride
Caesium chloride
Francium chloride

Names of Chlorolithium:

Regulatory process names:
Lithium chloride
lithium chloride
Lithium chloride (LiCl)

IUPAC names:
LITHIUM CHLORIDE
Lithium Chloride
Lithium chloride
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride
Lithium Chloride Anhydrous
Lithium chloride anhydrous
Lithium chloride, anhydrous
Lithium monochloride
lithium(1+) chloride
lithium(1+) ion chloride
LITHIUM-CHLORIDE-
lithium;chloride
lithiumchloride
lithuim chloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
Lithium chloride

Systematic IUPAC name:
Lithium(1+) chloride

Trade names:
Chloride Lithium Anhydrous
Lithium chloride

Other identifiers:
1220508-63-3
1309791-76-1
2018280-04-9
404596-80-1
7447-41-8

Synonyms of Chlorolithium:
LITHIUM CHLORIDE
7447-41-8
LiCl
Lithiumchloride
chlorure de lithium
Chlorku litu
chlorolithium
Lithiumchlorid
Lithium chloride (LiCl)
lithium;chloride
ClLi
Chlorku litu [Polish]
CCRIS 5924
CHEBI:48607
lithii chloridum
HSDB 4281
Luthium chloride
Lithium Cholride
cloruro de litio
Lithium chloride (powder)
EINECS 231-212-3
MFCD00011078
Chlorure de lithium [French]
NSC 327172
UNII-G4962QA067
LITHIUM MURIATICUM
G4962QA067
NSC-327172
LithiumChlorideGr(Anhydrous)
CHEMBL69710
DTXSID2025509
EC 231-212-3
NSC327172
Lithium Chloride, Anhydrous
Lithium chloride, ultra dry
Chloride, Lithium
2M Lithium Chloride Electrolyte, Electrode Filling Solution
Lithium Chloride (2.3% in Tetrahydrofuran, ca. 0.5mol/L)
lithim chloride
Lithium chloride, anhydrous, chunks, 99.99% trace metals basis
Cloruro de litio (licl)
Lopac-L-4408
LITHIUM MONOCHLORIDE
D07WXT
MolMap_000071
WLN: LI G
Lithium chloride, ACS grade
Lopac0_000604
LITHIUM CHLORIDE [MI]
Lithium chloride battery grade
Lithium chloride, ACS reagent
DTXCID105509
LITHIUM CHLORIDE [HSDB]
LITHIUM CHLORIDE [INCI]
LITHIUM MURIATICUM [HPUS]
KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LITHIUM CHLORIDE [WHO-DD]
Lithium chloride, 3-5% in THF
HMS3261J10
Tox21_500604
BDBM50494542
AKOS015902822
AKOS015950647
AKOS024438070
CCG-204693
lithium chloride, gamma irradiated, 8m
LP00604
LS-1644
SDCCGSBI-0050586.P002
Lithium chloride, ACS reagent, >=99%
Lithium chloride, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00015607-01
NCGC00015607-02
NCGC00015607-03
NCGC00015607-04
NCGC00015607-07
NCGC00093980-01
NCGC00093980-02
NCGC00261289-01
BP-13612
SY002997
Lithium chloride, Vetec(TM) reagent grade
EU-0100604
FT-0627896
L0204
L0222
Lithium chloride, Trace metals grade 99.9%
L 4408
Lithium chloride, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
Lithium chloride, for molecular biology, >=99%
Lithium chloride, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
A838146
Lithium chloride, BioXtra, >=99.0% (titration)
Q422930
SR-01000076252
SR-01000076252-1
Lithium chloride, powder, >=99.99% trace metals basis
Lithium chloride, puriss. p.a., anhydrous, >=99.0% (AT)
Lithium chloride, anhydrous, beads, -10 mesh, >=99.9% trace metals basis
Lithium chloride, anhydrous, beads, -10 mesh, 99.998% trace metals basis
Lithium chloride, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, anhydrous, >=99.0% (AT)
Lithium chloride, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99%
Lithium chloride, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%
Lithium chloride, BioUltra, for molecular biology, anhydrous, >=99.0% (AT)
59217-69-5
Lithium chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
231-212-3 [EINECS]
7447-41-8 [RN]
Chloride, Lithium
Chlorku litu [Polish]
Chlorure de lithium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
cloruro de litio [Italian]
G4962QA067
hydrochloric acid lithium salt
LiCl [Formula]
Lithiumchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
[7447-41-8] [RN]
16712-20-2 [RN]
20233-17-4 [RN]
404596-80-1 [RN]
7789-01-7 [RN]
85144-11-2 [RN]
CHEMBL69710
Chlorku Litu
Chlorku litu [Polish]
chlorolithium
Chlorure de lithium [French]
cloruro de litio
D018021
EINECS 231-212-3
Electrolytemissing
LiCl231-212-3MFCD00011078
lithii chloridum [Latin]
lithii chloridum
Lithium chloride (powder)
Lithium chloride, anhydrous
Lithium chloridemissing
LITHIUM MONOCHLORIDE
lithium;chloride
LITHIUM-7LI CHLORIDE
lithiumchloride
Lithiummissing
Lopac0_000604
MFCD00011078 [MDL number]
MFCD00149764
MFCD00190539
MolMap_000071
OmniPur(R) Lithium Chloride
UNII:G4962QA067
UNII-G4962QA067
WLN: LI G
氯化锂 [Chinese]

Chloropicrin; Nitrotrichloromethane; Nitrochloroform; Chloorpikrine; Chloropicrine; Chlorpikrin; Cloropicrina; Trichloornitromethaan; Trichlornitromethan; Tricloro-nitro-metano CAS NO:76-06-2

CETRIMONIUM BROMIDE ;Cetrimonium bromide; HTAB; CTAB; CTABr;Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; Cetab; Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide; N-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide; Trimethylcetylammonium bromide; Ammonium, hexadecyltrimethyl-, bromide; Palmityltrimethyl ammonium bromide; N,N,N-trimethyl-1-Hexadecanaminium bromide; cas no : 57-09-0

CHLORPHENESIN, N° CAS : 104-29-0 - Chlorphénésine, Autre langue : Clorfenesina, Nom INCI : CHLORPHENESIN, Nom chimique : 1,2-Propanediol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-192-6, Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur. La Chlorphénésine est un agent anti-microbien qui évite que les bactéries ne se développent dans les produits cosmétiques. Il pourrait causer des irritations, mais celles-ci semblent toutefois assez rares et légères dans les concentrations réglementées de 0,3%. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

As a skin care ingredient, Chlorpenesin is used as a water- and glycerin-soluble preservative to inhibit contamination.
Since Chlorpenesin’s considered weak against some types of bacteria, it’s always combined with other preservatives, such as phenoxyethanol and caprylyl glycol, to boost stability and increase the product’s shelf life.
Chlorpenesin is also considered a “cosmetic biocide” to help prevent unwanted odors on skin.

CAS: 104-29-0
MF: C9H11ClO3
MW: 202.63
EINECS: 203-192-6

Synonyms
3-(4-CHLOROPHENOXY)-1,2-PROPANEDIOL;GLYCEROL A-P-CHLOROPHENYL ETHER;LABOTEST-BB LT01147791;CHLORPHENESIN;CHLORPHENESINE;CHLORPHENSIN;3-(PARA-CHLOROPHENOXY)-1,2-PROPANEDIOL;Chlorophenesin (CHP);chlorphenesin;104-29-0;3-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol;3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol;Chlorophenesin;Gecophen;Demykon;Mycil;Chlorphenesinum;Adermykon;p-Chlorophenyl glyceryl ether;Chlorphenesine;Clorfenesina;2-Chlorphenesin;1,2-Propanediol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-;3-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol;Clorfenesina [INN-Spanish];Chlorphenesine [INN-French];Chlorphenesinum [INN-Latin];Glycerol alpha-p-chlorophenyl ether;p-Chlorophenyl-alpha-glyceryl ether;3-(p-Chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol;NSC 6401;UNII-I670DAL4SZ;EINECS 203-192-6;I670DAL4SZ;1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 3-(p-CHLOROPHENOXY)-;BRN 2210845;CHEBI:3642;DTXSID0049028;AI3-24623;NSC-6401;DTXCID5028954;4-06-00-00831 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);MFCD00021990;Glycerol .alpha.-p-chlorophenyl ether;p-Chlorophenyl-.alpha.-glyceryl ether;NCGC00160584-01;Clorfenesina (INN-Spanish);1,2-Propanediol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)- (9CI);Chlorphenesine (INN-French);Chlorphenesinum (INN-Latin);CHLORPHENESIN (MART.);CHLORPHENESIN [MART.];Gechophen;p-Chlorophenyl;Chlorphenesin [INN:BAN];3-(4-Chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol;3-(4-Chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol;alpha-Glyceryl ether;3-?(4-?Chlorophenoxy)?-?1,?2-?propanediol(Chlorphenesin);(+/-)-Chlorphenesin;Wet Wipes AT8039;Maybridge1_000170;CHLORPHENESIN [MI];WLN: Q1YQ1OR DG;CHLORPHENESIN [INN];MixCom1_000324;1, 3-(p-chlorophenoxy)-;Oprea1_755443;SCHEMBL93836;CHLORPHENESIN [VANDF];1, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-;CHLORPHENESIN [WHO-DD];CHEMBL388751;NSC6401;HMS3604N15;3-p-Chlorophenoxy-1,2-propanediol;ALBB-025796;HY-A0133;Tox21_113554;AC-266;s6442;1-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2,3-propanediol;AKOS005203039;DB00856;HS-0080;3-(p-chlorophenoxy)-propane-1,2 diol;BP-20218;CAS-104-29-0;DA-51861;SY058281;C3659;Chlorphenesin 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;CS-0017448;NS00008320;C07928;D71194;EN300-122624;SR-01000944964;J-001139;Q5103226;SR-01000944964-1;BRD-A92262698-001-01-7;BRD-A92262698-001-02-5;Z995094004

Chlorpenesin is a synthetic ingredient that acts as a preservative for cosmetic and beauty products.
Chlorpenesin prevents bacterial growth and contamination, thus improving the quality and shelf lives of the products.
However, Chlorpenesin is a weak ingredient and is often combined with other preservatives when used in the cosmetic industry.
In its raw form, Chlorpenesin appears as a crystalline powder that is white to off-white in color.
The chemical formula of Chlorpenesin is C9H11ClO3.

Chlorpenesin is glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group.
Chlorpenesin has antifungal and antibacterial properties, and is used for treatment of cutaneous and vaginal infections.
Chlorpenesin's 1-carbamate is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for the treatment of painful muscle spasm.
Chlorpenesin has a role as a muscle relaxant, an antibacterial drug and an antifungal drug.
Chlorpenesin is a glycol, a member of propane-1,2-diols and a member of monochlorobenzenes.
Chlorpenesin is a preservative and cosmetic biocide that helps prevent the growth of microorganisms.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Chlorpenesin is used in the formulation of aftershave lotions, bath products, cleansing products, deodorants, hair conditioners, makeup, skin care products, personal cleanliness products, and shampoos.

Chlorpenesin Chemical Properties
Melting point: 77-79°C
Boiling point: 290.96°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.2411 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.5470 (estimate)
RTECS: TY4260000
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Ethanol (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly, Sonicated)
Form: Solid
pka: 13.44±0.20(Predicted)
Color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water.
LogP: 1.23 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 104-29-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Chlorpenesin (104-29-0)

Uses
Chlorpenesin is a useful ingredient in the world of cosmetics and personal care.
Chlorpenesin can be found in products such as sunscreens and toners.
Skin care: Chlorpenesin is a great preservative that helps skin care products to last longer and thus have better quality.
The addition of Chlorpenesin also eliminates bad odor from the product.

Hair care: Chlorpenesin is also added to hair care products because of its antimicrobial properties.
Chlorpenesin saves the products from negative side effects due to contact with oxygen and prevents the growth of bacteria and molds.

Used, along with rest and physical therapy, to treat injuries and other painful muscular conditions.
Investigated for use in trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), a neuropathic disorder characterized by severe facial pain.
Was investigated as a modulator of histamine release.
The mechanism of action of Chlorpenesin is not well defined, and its effects are measured mainly by subjective responses.
Chlorpenesin is known that Chlorpenesin acts in the central nervous system (CNS) rather than directly on skeletal muscle.

Chlorpenesin is active against harmful bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
Chlorpenesin is also considered a multivalent preservative, which carries a significance in terms of being used in any formulation since it can stabilize other chemical groups in the same formulation.
Chlorpenesin is also known as a cosmetic biocide, meaning it can cleanse the skin as well as deodorize skin by eliminating odor-causing bacteria.
Chlorpenesin stabilizes the preparation with the antimicrobial point of view plus it also has weak emulsifier properties.
Chlorpenesin can be called as a multipurpose ingredient of any formulation since when it is used in a product apart from serving the main purpose of the product, Chlorpenesin also protects skin from other harmful bacteria, fungi or yeasts and at the same time stabilizes the main product as well.
Chlorpenesin is used in creams, lotions, gels, sticks serums, shampoos, conditioners, alcohol absolutes, makeup products, personal cleansing products, and foams.
Chlorpenesin is used in leave-on products in concentration 0.3% and in rinse off product up to 0.32% concentration.

Chlorphenesin is glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group.
Chlorphenesin has antifungal and antibacterial properties, and is used for treatment of cutaneous and vaginal infections.
Chlorphenesin's 1-carbamate is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for the treatment of painful muscle spasm.

CAS: 104-29-0
MF: C9H11ClO3
MW: 202.63
EINECS: 203-192-6

Synonyms
3-(4-CHLOROPHENOXY)-1,2-PROPANEDIOL;GLYCEROL A-P-CHLOROPHENYL ETHER;LABOTEST-BB LT01147791;CHLORPHENESIN;CHLORPHENESINE;CHLORPHENSIN;3-(PARA-CHLOROPHENOXY)-1,2-PROPANEDIOL;Chlorophenesin (CHP);chlorphenesin;104-29-0;3-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol;3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol;Chlorophenesin;Gecophen;Demykon;Mycil;Chlorphenesinum;Adermykon;p-Chlorophenyl glyceryl ether;Chlorphenesine;Clorfenesina;2-Chlorphenesin;1,2-Propanediol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-;3-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol;Clorfenesina [INN-Spanish];Chlorphenesine [INN-French];Chlorphenesinum [INN-Latin];Glycerol alpha-p-chlorophenyl ether;p-Chlorophenyl-alpha-glyceryl ether;3-(p-Chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol;NSC 6401;UNII-I670DAL4SZ;EINECS 203-192-6;I670DAL4SZ;1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 3-(p-CHLOROPHENOXY)-;BRN 2210845;CHEBI:3642;DTXSID0049028;AI3-24623;NSC-6401;DTXCID5028954;4-06-00-00831 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);MFCD00021990;Glycerol .alpha.-p-chlorophenyl ether;p-Chlorophenyl-.alpha.-glyceryl ether;NCGC00160584-01;Clorfenesina (INN-Spanish);1,2-Propanediol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)- (9CI);Chlorphenesine (INN-French);Chlorphenesinum (INN-Latin);CHLORPHENESIN (MART.);CHLORPHENESIN [MART.];Gechophen;p-Chlorophenyl;Chlorphenesin [INN:BAN];3-(4-Chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol;3-(4-Chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol;alpha-Glyceryl ether;3-?(4-?Chlorophenoxy)?-?1,?2-?propanediol(Chlorphenesin);(+/-)-Chlorphenesin;Wet Wipes AT8039;Maybridge1_000170;CHLORPHENESIN [MI];WLN: Q1YQ1OR DG;CHLORPHENESIN [INN];MixCom1_000324;1, 3-(p-chlorophenoxy)-;Oprea1_755443;SCHEMBL93836;CHLORPHENESIN [VANDF];1, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-;CHLORPHENESIN [WHO-DD];CHEMBL388751;NSC6401;HMS3604N15;3-p-Chlorophenoxy-1,2-propanediol;ALBB-025796;HY-A0133;Tox21_113554;AC-266;s6442;1-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2,3-propanediol;AKOS005203039;DB00856;HS-0080;3-(p-chlorophenoxy)-propane-1,2 diol;BP-20218;CAS-104-29-0;DA-51861;SY058281;C3659;Chlorphenesin 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;CS-0017448;NS00008320;C07928;D71194;EN300-122624;SR-01000944964;J-001139;Q5103226;SR-01000944964-1;BRD-A92262698-001-01-7;BRD-A92262698-001-02-5;Z995094004

Chlorphenesin has a role as a muscle relaxant, an antibacterial drug and an antifungal drug.
Chlorphenesin is a glycol, a member of propane-1,2-diols and a member of monochlorobenzenes.
Chlorphenesin is diol with a 4-chlorophenyl group, a fine white to pale-cream-colored crystal with a slightly phenolic odor and bitter taste.
The high-purity chlorphenesin is ideal for blending with existing preservation systems to enhance their performance.

The preservative performance is clearly enhanced by the addition of chlorphenesin as demonstrated in kill-rate studies using organisms.
Chlorphenesin is an effective and universal anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent that boosts preservative effectiveness to a higher level.
Chlorphenesin is used for the preservation and stabilization of cosmetics and medicines.

Chlorphenesin works well in composition with other preservatives.
Blended with potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and/or parabens it boosts their performance, improving the shelf-life and usage period.
Chlorphenesin is another synthetic preservative found in cosmetics and personal care products. As far as synthetic preservatives go, Chlorphenesin’s one of the milder ones.
Chlorphenesin’s not considered as toxic as parabens or iodopropynyl butylcarbamate—though it can cause dermatitis in adults—but like benzyl alcohol, it’s not safe for infants.
Chlorphenesin is a reversible antigen-associated immunosuppressant.
Chlorphenesin is an antibacterial and antifungal agent used in numerous eye care cosmetics.

Chlorphenesin is a preservative that is used as an analytical agent in vivo to determine chemical stability and to maintain the pH of a solution.
Chlorphenesin has been shown to be stable in human serum at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v).
Chlorphenesin is also a carbamate, which reacts with acidic compounds, such as benzalkonium chloride, to form chlorhexidine.
In vitro assays have shown that chlorphenesin inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine.
This effect may be due to its ability to bind with serine hydroxyl groups on the protein.
Chlorphenesin also has been shown to inhibit the activity of isoxsuprine hydrochloride, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), through competitive inhibition.
Chlorphenesin is a phenol ether used to treat painful muscular conditions.
Chlorphenesin works by blocking nerve impulses (or pain sensations) that are sent to your brain.
Chlorphenesin is used, along with rest and physical therapy, to treat injuries and other painful muscular conditions.
Chlorphenesin is not commercially available in the United States.

Chlorphenesin Chemical Properties
Melting point: 77-79°C
Boiling point: 290.96°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.2411 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.5470 (estimate)
RTECS: TY4260000
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Ethanol (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly, Sonicated)
Form: Solid
pka: 13.44±0.20(Predicted)
Color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water.
LogP: 1.23 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 104-29-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,2-Propanediol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-(104-29-0)

Uses
Chlorphenesin is an antigen-associated immunosuppressant that inhibits IgE-mediated histamine release.
Chlorphenesin is also used as an antimycotic agent.
chlorophenesin is a preservative with fungistatic and bactericidal properties.
Chlorphenesin is used for relieving skeletal muscle pain.
Chlorphenesin is a useful ingredient that is commonly used as a preservative in skincare formulations owing to its antifungal and antibacterial properties.
Chlorphenesin prevents microbial growth and contamination, thus extending the shelf life of products and maintain their safety and efficacy.
Chlorphenesin is however thought to be ineffective against some kinds of bacteria and is hence used in combination with with other preservatives, such as phenoxyethanol and caprylyl glycol, to boost stability and increase the product’s shelf life.
Chlorphenesin is also considered a “cosmetic biocide” for its ability to prevent unpleasant skin odors.
Chlorphenesin is used in cosmetic products such as aftershave lotions, bath products, deodorants, hair conditioners, makeup, skin care products, eye care cosmetics, personal cleanliness products, and shampoos.

Side effects
Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions characterized by redness, itching, swelling, or a rash, when using products containing Chlorphenesin.
Chlorphenesin can be irritating to the eyes, especially if it comes into direct contact.
Chlorphenesin’s important to avoid getting products containing Chlorphenesin in the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if accidental contact occurs.
In rare cases, some individuals may experience dryness or a feeling of tightness after using products containing Chlorphenesin.

CUPRIC CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 7447-39-4, Nom INCI : CUPRIC CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Copper (2+) chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-210-2, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Noms français : Chlorure cuivrique; CHLORURE CUIVRIQUE ANHYDRE; CHLORURE DE CUIVRE(II); COPPER BICHLORIDE; COPPER DICHLORIDE COPPER(II) CHLORIDE; CUIVRE, DICHLORURE DE; Dichlorure de cuivre. Noms anglais : Cupric chloride. Utilisation: Catalyseur, fabrication de colorant

Chlorure d'alkyldiméthylbenzyl ammonium, BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE, cas no: 68391-01-5,BAC 50, BAC 80, BKC 50, BKC 80; Noms français : Chlorure d'alkyl(C12-C18)diméthylbenzyl ammonium; Chlorure d'alkyldiméthylbenzyl ammonium (C12-C18). Noms anglais : (C12-C18) Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; (C12-C18)Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride; (C12-C18)Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride; Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-18-alkyldimethyl, chlorides; SDA 16-052-00. (C12-C18) Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride. Le chlorure de benzalkonium, aussi connu sous le nom de chlorure d'alkyldiméthylbenzylammonium et ADBAC, est un mélange de chlorures d'alkylbenzyldiméthylammonium avec des chaînes carbonées de longueur variable. Ce produit est un agent de surface cationique de la famille des ammoniums quaternaires.Le chlorure de benzalkonium est facilement soluble dans l'éthanol et l'acétone. Bien que la dissolution dans l'eau soit lente, les solutions aqueuses sont plus faciles d'emploi et sont plus largement utilisées. Les solutions devraient être neutres à légèrement basiques avec une couleur allant de l'incolore au jaune pâle. Les solutions moussent fortement lorsqu'elles sont secouées, ont un goût amer et ont une odeur d'amande détectable seulement dans les échantillons concentrés.Les applications sont très variées, allant de la formulation de désinfectants à l'inhibition de « corrosion microbienne » dans le pétrole ou les huiles minérales3. Il est utilisé dans les produits pharmaceutiques tels que les solutions cutanées antiseptiques ou les lingettes. Il est utilisé comme conservateur dans les cosmétiques tels que les gouttes pour les yeux et le nez. On a reporté des cas de sensibilisations associées à l'utilisation continue et prolongée du produit. Il faut mettre des gants avant toute utilisation. On pense que le mécanisme bactéricide est dû à la disruption des interactions intermoléculaires. Ceci peut causer la dissociation des lipides dans la membrane cellulaire, ce qui compromet la perméabilité de la cellule et induit une fuite de son contenu. D'autres complexes biomoléculaires à l'intérieur de la cellule bactérienne peuvent aussi se dissocier. Les enzymes, qui contrôlent les activités respiratoires et métaboliques de la cellule, sont particulièrement susceptibles d'être désactivées. Les solutions de chlorure de benzalkonium sont des agents bactéricides à action rapide et de durée modérément longue. Ils sont actifs contre certains protozoaires, virus, bactéries et fungi. Les spores des bactéries sont considérées comme résistantes. Les bactéries à Gram positif sont généralement plus sensibles que les Gram négatif. L'activité n'est pas grandement influencée par le pH, mais augmente aux températures élevées et avec la durée d'exposition. De nouvelles formulations utilisant du benzalkonium mélangé à d'autres ammoniums quaternaires peuvent être utilisées pour étendre le spectre biocide et augmenter l'efficacité du désinfectant. Cette technique a été utilisée pour améliorer l'activité virucide. L'utilisation d'excipients appropriés peut améliorer l'efficacité et les propriétés détergentes, et éviter la désactivation lors de l'utilisation. La formulation requiert beaucoup de soin car les solutions de benzalkonium peuvent être désactivées en présence de contaminants organiques et inorganiques. Les solutions sont incompatibles avec les savons, les nitrates1 et ne doivent pas être mélangées avec des surfactants anioniques. Les sels des eaux dures peuvent aussi réduire l'activité biocide. Comme pour tous les désinfectants, il est recommandé de traiter des surfaces sans saletés visibles. Bien que des niveaux dangereux ne puissent être atteints dans les conditions d'utilisation normale, le benzalkonium et les autres détergents peuvent être néfastes aux organismes marins. Les désinfectants à base d'ammoniums quaternaires sont actifs à faible concentration, si bien que des doses excessives devraient être évitées. Le chlorure de benzalkonium a aussi une activité spermicide.Solubilité Très soluble dans l'eau, l'alcool, l'acétone ; Presque insoluble dans l'éther ; 1g d'anhydre dans 6ml de benzène, 100ml d'éther1 This substance is identified by SDA Substance Name: C12-C18 alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride...Alkil (C12-18) chlorku dimetylobenzyloamonu (ADBAC (C12-18)) (pl) Alkil (C12-18) dimetilbenzil amonijev klorid (ADBAC (C12-18) (hr) Alkil (C12-18) dimetilbenzil amonio chloridas (ADBAC (C12-18)) (lt) Alkil (C12-18) dimetilbenzilamonija hlorīds (ADBAC (C12-18)) (lv) Alkil (C12–16) dimetil-benzil-ammónium-klorid (ADBAC [C12–18]) (hu) Alkil (C12–18) dimetilbenzil amonijev klorid (ADBAC (C12–18)) (sl) Alkyl (C12-18) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC (C12-18)) (mt) alkyl(C12-18)benzyldimetylamónium-chlorid [ADBAC (C12-18)] (sk) alkyl(C12-18)dimethylbenzylammoniumchlorid (ADBAC (C12-18)) (cs) Alkyl(C12-18)dimethylbenzylammoniumchloride (ADBAC (C12-18)) (nl) Alkyl(C12-18)dimetylbensylammoniumklorid (ADBAC (C12-18)) (sv) Alkyyli-(C12-18)-dimetyylibentsyyliammoniumkloridi (ADBAC(C12-18)) (fi) C12–18-alküüldimetüülbensüülammooniumkloriid (ADBAC (C12–18)) (et) Chlorure d'alkyl(C12-C18)diméthylbenzylammonium [ADBAC (C12-18)] (fr) Cloreto de alquil(C12-18)dimetilbenzilamónio (ADBAC C12-18) (pt) Cloruro de C12-18-alquildimetilbencilamonio (ADBAC (C12-18)) (es) Clorură de alchil (C12-18) dimetilbenzil amoniu [ADBAC (C12-18)] (ro) Composti di ammonio quaternario, benzil- C12-18 -alchildimetil, cloruri (ADBAC (C12-18) (it) Χλωριούχο αλκυλο(C12-18)διμεθυλοβενζυλαμμώνιο (ADBAC (C12-18)) (el) Алкил(C12-18)диметилбензиламониев хлорид (ADBAC (C12-18)) (bg) ALKYL DIMETHYL BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride Benzalkonium Chloride benzyl-dimethyl-tetradecylazanium chloride C12-C18 alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride N-benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-C12-18-(evennumbered)-alkyl-1-aminium chloride N-benzyl-N,N-dimethyltetradecan-1-aminium chloride

Formule moléculaire brute : H4ClN; Noms français :Ammonium, chlorure d'; Chlorure d'ammonium. Noms anglais :Ammonium chloride; Ammonium chloride fume; AMMONIUM MURIATE, Utilisation . : AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 12125-02-9, Chlorure d'ammonium, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Ammonium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 235-186-4. Additif alimentaire : E510i Ses fonctions (INCI): Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. 12125-02-9 [RN]; 235-186-4 [EINECS]; Ammoniac, Sal; Ammonii Chloridum [Latin]; Ammonium Chloratum [Latin]; Ammonium chloride [JAN] [USAN] [USP] ; Ammoniumchlorid [German] ; Ammoniumklorid [German]; Chlorid amonny [Czech]; Chloride, Ammonium; Chlorure d'ammonium [French] ; Amchlor; Ammon Chlor; Ammonchlor; Ammoneric; Ammonii Chloridum; Ammonium Chloratum; Ammonium chloride, biochemical grade; Ammonium chloride-β solid Ammonium muriate; Ammonium-14N chloride; ammoniumchloride; Ammoniumklorid; azanium chloride; Chlorammonic; Chloramon; Cloruro de Amonio; Conclyte-A; Conclyte-A (TN); D000643; Darammon; Gen-Diur (Spain); MFCD00011420 [MDL number]; Quaternary Ammonium Chloride; SAL AMMONIA; Sal ammoniac fume; Salammonite; Salmiac; Salmiac235-186-4MFCD00011420; 氯化铵 [Chinese]

BEHENTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 17301-53-0 - Chlorure de behentrimonium,Autres langues : Behentrimoniumchlorid, Cloruro de behentrimonio, Cloruro di Behentrimonium; Nom INCI : BEHENTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Docosyltrimethylammonium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 241-327-0, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Règlementé, Conservateur. Le Behentrimonium Chloride est un ammonium quaternaire principalement utilisé en cosmétique en tant que qu'agent anti-statique ou conditionneur capillaire. Il est employé pour ses raisons principalement dans les soins capillaires. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Le chlorure de béhentrimonium, également connu sous le nom de chlorure de docosyltriméthylammonium ou BTAC-228, est un composé organique jaune semblable à de la cire de formule chimique CH₃ (CH₂) ₂₁N (CH₃) ₃, utilisé comme agent antistatique et, parfois, comme désinfectant17301-53-0 . 1-Docosanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride; 1-Docosanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1); Behentrimonium chloride; C22-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride; Docosyltrimethylammonium chloride;N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-docosanaminium chloride; docosyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride; docosyltrimethylazanium chloride; N,N,N-trimethyldocosan-1-aminium chloride; 1-Docosanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) ; 241-327-0 [EINECS]; Behentrimonium chloride; Chlorure de N,N,N-triméthyl-1-docosanaminium [French] ; N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-docosanaminium chloride ; N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-docosanaminiumchlorid; N,N,N-Trimethyldocosan-1-aminium chloride [17301-53-0] 1-Docosanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride BEHENYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE behenyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride docosyl(trimethyl)azanium and chloride docosyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride docosyltrimethylammonium chloride docosyl-trimethylammonium chloride docosyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride docosyltrimethylammoniumchloride docosyl-trimethylazanium chloride docosyl-trimethyl-azanium chloride DOCOSYLTRIMETHYLAZANIUM CHLORIDE EINECS 241-327-0 MFCD09744670 [MDL number] 山崳基三甲基氯化銨 [Chinese]. Behentrimonium chloride, also known as docosyltrimethylammonium chloride or BTAC-228, is a yellow waxlike organic compound with chemical formula CH3(CH2)21N(Cl)(CH3)3, used as an antistatic agent and, sometimes, a disinfectant. It is commonly found in cosmetics such as conditioners, hair dye, and mousse, and also in detergents.

CALCIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 10043-52-4 - Chlorure de calcium, Nom INCI : CALCIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Calcium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-140-8 Additif alimentaire : E509, Astringent : Permet de resserrer les pores de la peau, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français :CALCIUM, DICHLORURE DE; Chlorure de calcium, CHLORURE DE CALCIUM ANHYDRE; DICHLORURE DE CALCIUM. Noms anglais : Calcium chloride; CALCIUM CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS; CALCIUM DICHLORIDE. Utilisation: Agent de déshydratation

CETRIMONIUM CHLORIDE; N° CAS : 112-02-7 - Chlorure de cétrimonium, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Autres langues : Cetrimoniumchlorid, Cloruri di cetrimonium, Cloruros de cetrimonio, Nom INCI : CETRIMONIUM CHLORIDE; 1-HEXADECANAMINIUM, N,N,N-TRIMETHYL-, CHLORIDE; CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; CHLORURE DE CETRIMONIUM; CHLORURE DE CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM; CHLORURE DE N,N,N-TRIMETHYL HEXADECANAMINIUM-1; N-HEXADECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; PALMITYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; TRIMETHYLHEXADECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; Nom chimique : 1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-928-6, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Règlementé, Conservateur, Tensioactif cationique. Le chlorure de cétrimonium est un ammonium quaternaire utilisé en cosmétique pour ses propriétés antistatiques. Comme c'est un tensioactif cationique, il permet de disperser l'eau et l'huile, et ainsi de favoriser des consistances douces et agréables. Cet ingrédient est souvent utilisé dans les soins capillaires en lieu et place (ou parfois avec) des silicones. Il peut aussi être utilisé en tant que conservateur.Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Utilisation: Fabrication de fongicides et de cosmétiques. C16-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride Cetrimonium chloride Trimethylhexadecylammonium chloride 1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) 1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride Cetrimoniumchlorid hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium Hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride hexadecyl-trimethylammonium chloride Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Chloride hexadecyltrimethylazanium chloride N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium chloride N,N,N-trimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride N-Hexadecyl-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumchlorid

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 7786-30-3 - Chlorure de magnésium, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Minérale. Autres langues : Cloruro de magnesio, Cloruro di magnesio, Magnesiumchlorid, Nom INCI : MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE. Nom chimique : Magnesium chloride. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-094-6. Additif alimentaire : E511. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

DICHLOROMETHANE, N° CAS : 75-09-2 - Chlorure de méthylène, Nom INCI : DICHLOROMETHANE, Nom chimique : Dichloromethane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-838-9, Ses fonctions (INCI):Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Noms français : Chlorure de méthylène; Dichlorométhane; Methylene bichloride; Methylene dichloride. Noms anglais : Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride Le chlorure de méthylène de qualité commerciale contient généralement un stabilisant pour le protéger des effets de l'air et de l'humidité. Les stabilisants les plus courants et leurs concentrations sont : l'éthanol, (0,1 à 0,2 %), le méthanol (0,1 à 0,2 %), le cyclohexane (0,01 à 0,03 %) et l'amylène (0,001 à 0,01 %). D'autres stabilisants peuvent aussi être utilisés, dont des composés phénoliques, des amines, des nitroalcanes, des éthers aliphatiques ou cycliques. Dans les domaines alimentaire et pharmaceutique, le chlorure de méthylène utilisé comme solvant d'extraction, est de qualité technique, pur à plus de 99,99 %. Utilisation: Le chlorure de méthylène est utilisé comme : décapant à peinture et vernis décapant pour résines photorésistantes solvant de dégraissage composant d'aérosols et de colles agent d'expansion de mousses polyuréthanes solvant de procédé pour les films et fibres cellulosiques agent d'extraction dans les industries alimentaires et pharmaceutiques intermédiaire de synthèse dans la fabrication d'hydrofluorocarbones.

STANNOUS CHLORIDE N° CAS : 7772-99-8 - Chlorure d'étain Nom INCI : STANNOUS CHLORIDE Nom chimique : Tin dichloride N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-868-0 Additif alimentaire : E512 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène

Benzalkonium bromide; Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Bromide; BENZALKONIUM BROMIDE, N° CAS : 91080-29-4 - Chlorure, bromure et saccharinate de benzalkonium. Nom INCI :BENZALKONIUM BROMIDE. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 293-522-5. Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Règlementé, Conservateur. Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. 222-556-5 [EINECS]; 3529-04-2 [RN] Benzenemethanaminium, N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-, bromide Bromure de N-benzyl-N,N-diméthyl-1-hexadécanaminium [French] CETALKONIUM BROMIDE Cetylbenzyldimethylammonium bromide N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium bromide N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-hexadecanaminiumbromid [German] n-benzyl-n,n-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium bromide Benzalkonium bromide benzyl(hexadecyl)dimethylammonium bromide BENZYL(HEXADECYL)DIMETHYLAZANIUM BROMIDE benzyl-cetyl-dimethyl-ammonium bromide benzyl-hexadecyl-dimethylammonium bromide benzyl-hexadecyl-dimethyl-ammonium bromide benzyl-hexadecyl-dimethylazanium and bromide benzyl-hexadecyl-dimethylazanium bromide Cethylbenzyldimethylammonium bromide CETYLBENZYLDIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE CETYLBENZYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUMBROMIDE EINECS 222-556-5 hexadecyl-dimethyl-(phenylmethyl)azanium bromide hexadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium bromide hexadecyldimethylbenzylamine, bromide

CHOLESTEROL, N° CAS : 57-88-5, Nom INCI : CHOLESTEROL, Nom chimique : Cholest-5-en-3-ol (beta)-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-353-2, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état, Agent stabilisant : Améliore les ingrédients ou la stabilité de la formulation et la durée de conservation, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

CHOLESTERYL CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 910-31-6, Nom INCI : CHOLESTERYL CHLORIDE,Nom chimique : 3-.beta.-Chlorocholest-5-ene, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 213-004-4, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

CHOLESTERYL DICHLOROBENZOATE, N° CAS : 32832-01-2, Nom INCI : CHOLESTERYL DICHLOROBENZOATE, Nom chimique : Cholest-5-en-3.beta.-yl 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 251-248-3, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

CHOLETH-10, N° CAS : 27321-96-6, Nom INCI : CHOLETH-10, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

CHOLETH-15, N° CAS : 27321-96-6, Nom INCI : CHOLETH-15, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

CHOLETH-24, N° CAS : 27321-96-6, Nom INCI : CHOLETH-24, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride; Hepacholine; Biocolina; lipotril; Choline hydrochloride; Cholinium chloride; (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride; Choline hydrochloride; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Chloride; Chloride De Choline (French); Biocolina; N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium Chloride; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium, Chloride CAS NO: 67-48-1

Choline chloride is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in various physiological processes.
Choline chloride is classified as a water-soluble vitamin-like substance and is crucial for proper cell membrane structure and function.
Choline chloride is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, particularly acetylcholine, which is important for muscle control and memory.

CAS Number: 67-48-1
EC Number: 200-655-4

Synonyms: Choline hydrochloride, Vitamin B4, Hepacholine, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Choline chloride, Choline hydroxide, Choline chloride hydroxide, Hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride



APPLICATIONS


Choline chloride is widely used as a dietary supplement to support liver health and overall well-being in humans.
Choline chloride is a key ingredient in animal feed formulations to promote growth, improve feed efficiency, and prevent fatty liver syndrome in poultry and livestock.

Choline chloride is utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals, especially in formulations targeting liver disorders and neurological conditions.
Choline chloride is added to infant formulas to support brain development and nervous system function in infants.
Choline chloride serves as a precursor in the synthesis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for muscle control, memory, and cognitive function.

In the cosmetic industry, choline chloride is used in skincare formulations for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.
Choline chloride is incorporated into dietary supplements aimed at enhancing cognitive function and memory in adults.

Choline chloride plays a role in the synthesis of phospholipids, which are essential components of cell membranes.
Choline chloride is used in the manufacturing of detergents and cleaning agents due to its surfactant properties.

Choline chloride is applied in the textile industry as a dyeing assistant and softening agent for fabrics.
Choline chloride is utilized in the production of corrosion inhibitors to protect metal surfaces from degradation.
In agricultural practices, choline chloride is sprayed on crops to enhance yield and stress tolerance.

Choline chloride acts as a stabilizer in photographic chemicals and solutions used in developing images.
Choline chloride is used in the production of vitamin B-complex supplements due to its synergistic effects with other B vitamins.

Choline chloride serves as a nutrient source in aquaculture feeds to improve growth and immune response in fish and shrimp.
Choline chloride is employed in the formulation of dietary supplements for pets to support their overall health and vitality.

Choline chloride is added to animal drinking water to prevent dehydration and maintain electrolyte balance.
Choline chloride is used in the manufacturing of adhesives and sealants to improve bonding properties.
In the pharmaceutical industry, choline chloride is incorporated into injectable solutions and parenteral nutrition formulations.
Choline chloride is used in the production of herbicides and pesticides to enhance effectiveness and stability.

Choline chloride is employed in the production of food additives and flavor enhancers for the food industry.
Choline chloride is used in the synthesis of biodegradable polymers and materials for sustainable packaging solutions.

Choline chloride acts as a preservative and stabilizer in food products to extend shelf life and maintain quality.
Choline chloride is utilized in the production of dietary supplements for athletes and fitness enthusiasts to support muscle function and recovery.
Choline chloride is essential in veterinary medicine for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases and metabolic disorders in animals.

Choline chloride is used in the pharmaceutical industry to formulate medications for treating neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Choline chloride plays a role in the synthesis of acetylcholine, which is essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

Choline chloride is added to dietary supplements for pregnant women to support fetal brain development and prevent neural tube defects.
In the food industry, it is used as a food additive to enhance flavor and preserve food products.
Choline chloride is incorporated into skincare products for its moisturizing and skin conditioning properties.

Choline chloride serves as a stabilizer in the formulation of vitamin and mineral supplements to maintain potency and shelf life.
Choline chloride is used in the production of feed additives for companion animals such as dogs and cats to support overall health.

Choline chloride is essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes.
Choline chloride is employed in the formulation of electrolyte solutions for hydration therapy in medical settings.
Choline chloride acts as a precursor in the synthesis of betaine, which helps regulate homocysteine levels and supports cardiovascular health.

Choline chloride is utilized in the synthesis of betaine anhydrous, which has applications in sports nutrition and performance supplements.
Choline chloride is added to industrial coatings and paints to enhance adhesion and durability.

Choline chloride serves as a nutrient source in hydroponic farming systems to promote plant growth and development.
Choline chloride is used in the production of dietary supplements targeting liver detoxification and support.

Choline chloride is employed in the formulation of veterinary vaccines to enhance immune response and efficacy.
Choline chloride acts as a precursor in the synthesis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in cognitive function and memory.

Choline chloride is used in the formulation of nutritional beverages and energy drinks for its health-promoting properties.
Choline chloride is added to poultry feed to improve meat quality and reduce carcass fat deposition.
Choline chloride serves as a stabilizer in the formulation of enzyme preparations used in industrial processes.

Choline chloride is utilized in the synthesis of methyl donors, which play a role in DNA methylation and gene expression.
Choline chloride is employed in the production of dietary supplements for seniors to support cognitive health and memory.

Choline chloride is used in the formulation of hair care products to improve hair texture and manageability.
Choline chloride is utilized in the production of pharmaceutical excipients and binders for tablet formulations.

Choline chloride is added to pet food formulations to support digestive health and nutrient absorption in animals.
Choline chloride serves as a precursor in the synthesis of acetylcholine, which plays a crucial role in neuromuscular function and cognitive processes.

Choline chloride is actively transported across cell membranes and is necessary for the synthesis of phospholipids.
Choline chloride is used in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat fatty liver disease in animals.

Choline chloride supplementation is recommended during pregnancy to support fetal brain and nervous system development.
Choline chloride has been studied for its potential role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects in infants.
Choline chloride is an odorless, white crystalline powder with a mild taste.

In the body, it is converted into betaine, which helps regulate homocysteine levels and supports cardiovascular health.
Choline chloride has antioxidant properties, helping to protect cells from oxidative stress and damage.

Choline chloride participates in the methylation cycle, influencing gene expression and cellular function.
Choline chloride is essential for the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control and cognitive function.
Choline chloride continues to be researched for its potential benefits in liver health, cognitive function, and overall well-being.



DESCRIPTION


Choline chloride is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in various physiological processes.
Choline chloride is classified as a water-soluble vitamin-like substance and is crucial for proper cell membrane structure and function.

Choline chloride is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, particularly acetylcholine, which is important for muscle control and memory.
Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of a choline cation and a chloride anion.
Choline chloride is commonly used in the formulation of dietary supplements and animal feed additives to promote growth and health.

Choline chloride is found naturally in foods such as eggs, meat, fish, and certain vegetables, albeit typically in small amounts.
Choline chloride is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the environment.

In industrial applications, it serves as a precursor in the production of choline derivatives used in pharmaceuticals and personal care products.
Choline chloride is often included in prenatal vitamins due to its importance in fetal brain development.
Choline chloride deficiency can lead to liver dysfunction, muscle damage, and neurological disorders.

Choline chloride is recognized for its role in lipid metabolism, aiding in the transport and metabolism of fats in the body.
Choline chloride is stable under normal storage conditions but should be protected from excessive heat and light.

As a dietary supplement, it is available in various forms including tablets, capsules, and powders.
Choline chloride is crucial for maintaining healthy cell membranes, which are essential for proper cellular function.
Choline chloride is sometimes referred to as vitamin B4, although it is not classified as a vitamin in the strict sense.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: (CH3)3NCH2CH2OHCl
Molecular Weight: Approximately 139.63 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Mild, slightly salty
Solubility in Water: Highly soluble
Density: 1.15 g/cm³ (at 25°C)
Melting Point: 302-305°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air)
pH: Neutral (around 7 in aqueous solution)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt consisting of a choline cation and a chloride anion.
Hydrophilicity: Highly hydrophilic due to the presence of hydroxyl and ammonium groups.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions but decomposes at high temperatures.
Reactivity:
Choline chloride is a hygroscopic compound, reacting with water to form a clear solution.
It is compatible with most acids and bases but should be protected from strong oxidizing agents.
Flammability: Non-flammable
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive to metals under normal conditions
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable (decomposes before ignition)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Symptoms:
Inhalation of Choline chloride dust or vapors may cause respiratory irritation, coughing, and throat discomfort.

Immediate Actions:
Remove the affected person from the exposure area to fresh air immediately, ensuring they can breathe freely.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available.
Assist ventilation if necessary.
Keep the person calm and in a comfortable position.

Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.
Provide the SDS or chemical name to medical personnel for proper treatment guidance.
Monitor the person for signs of respiratory distress.


Skin Contact:

Symptoms:
Choline chloride may cause skin irritation, redness, and dryness upon prolonged contact.

Immediate Actions:
Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry immediately.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring all chemical residue is removed.
If irritation persists or there are signs of burns, seek medical attention promptly.

Medical Attention:
Consult a physician if skin irritation or burns occur.
Provide the SDS or chemical name to medical personnel for appropriate treatment.


Eye Contact:

Symptoms:
Eye exposure to Choline chloride can cause irritation, redness, and discomfort.

Immediate Actions:
Immediately rinse eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during rinsing.
Seek medical attention immediately after rinsing.

Medical Attention:
Contact an eye specialist or ophthalmologist promptly.
Provide the SDS or chemical name to medical personnel for proper evaluation and treatment.


Ingestion:

Symptoms:
Ingestion of Choline chloride may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort.

Immediate Actions:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Rinse out the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek immediate medical attention.

Medical Attention:
Contact a poison control center or healthcare provider immediately.
Provide the SDS or chemical name to medical personnel for appropriate treatment guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

General Handling Precautions:
Handle Choline chloride in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat.
Avoid skin and eye contact by using barrier creams and eye protection.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Choline chloride.

Handling Practices:
Use tools and equipment that are designed for chemical handling and are resistant to the substance.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed when not in use to prevent moisture absorption.
Minimize dust generation and airborne exposure by handling the substance carefully.
Clean up spills promptly and safely using absorbent materials, and dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.

Safe Work Practices:
Follow established procedures for the safe handling, transfer, and disposal of Choline chloride.
Conduct regular training sessions for personnel on safe handling practices and emergency procedures.
Keep emergency eyewash stations and safety showers readily accessible in case of accidental exposure.
Store incompatible materials separately to prevent potential reactions.

Emergency Procedures:
Be familiar with emergency response procedures in case of spills, leaks, or exposure incidents.
Have spill kits and absorbent materials readily available for quick response.
Evacuate the area if necessary and alert appropriate personnel in case of a large spill or release.

Specific Handling Guidance:
Avoid mixing Choline chloride with strong acids, bases, or oxidizing agents, as it may react and release hazardous gases or heat.
Use caution when handling large quantities or during bulk transfer operations to minimize exposure risks.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Choline chloride in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Keep containers tightly closed and upright to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
Ensure storage areas are equipped with secondary containment measures to contain spills.

Temperature and Humidity:
Maintain storage temperature between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F) to prevent degradation and ensure product stability.
Avoid storing Choline chloride in areas prone to temperature fluctuations or extreme heat.

Container Requirements:
Use original containers made of compatible materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.
Ensure containers are labeled with the chemical name, hazards, and handling instructions.
Inspect containers regularly for signs of damage or deterioration, and replace as needed.

Security and Accessibility:
Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Implement inventory management practices, such as first-in, first-out (FIFO), to ensure older stock is used first.
Keep emergency contact numbers and relevant safety data sheets (SDS) readily accessible.

Regulatory Compliance:
Store and handle Choline chloride in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.
Ensure compliance with occupational health and safety guidelines and environmental regulations.
Maintain records of storage conditions, handling practices, and safety inspections for regulatory purposes.

Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt with the chemical formula (CH₃)₃NCH₂CH₂OHCl.
Choline chloride is a salt that consists of choline cation and chloride anion.
Choline chloride is a water-soluble salt, and it is often used as a supplement in animal feed, as a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and in various industrial applications.

CAS Number: 67-48-1
EC Number: 200-655-4

Choline chloride, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Trimethylethanolamine hydrochloride, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (Trimethylammonio)acetate chloride, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethylammonium chloride, Choline chloride hydrochloride, Choline chlorohydrate, Ethanolamine, 2,2',2''-nitrilotris-, chloride, Ethanolamine, 2,2',2''-nitrilotris-, hydrochloride, Choline chloride monohydrochloride, Trimethylethanolammonium chloride, Choline hydrochloride



APPLICATIONS


Choline chloride is extensively used in the agriculture industry as a feed additive to enhance the health and performance of livestock, particularly poultry and swine.
In animal nutrition, Choline chloride helps prevent and treat conditions like fatty liver syndrome in poultry, promoting overall metabolic function.
Choline chloride is a key ingredient in dietary supplements, contributing to the synthesis of phospholipids crucial for cell membrane structure.
Its role as a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, makes choline chloride vital for proper nerve function in both humans and animals.

The pharmaceutical industry utilizes choline chloride in the synthesis of certain drugs and pharmaceutical compounds.
Choline chloride is involved in lipid metabolism, aiding in the utilization and breakdown of fats in the body.
Choline chloride plays a crucial role in fetal development, contributing to neural tube formation in embryos.

Choline chloride is a methyl donor, participating in various biochemical reactions, particularly in the synthesis of DNA and proteins.
As a stable and soluble compound, Choline chloride is used in the creation of chemicals, surfactants, and corrosion inhibitors.

In the cosmetic and personal care industry, choline chloride is employed in formulations for its stabilizing and conditioning properties.
Choline chloride is utilized in the creation of certain medications to support liver function and neurological health.
Choline chloride is an essential component in the production of diagnostic imaging agents for medical purposes.
In the textile industry, it is used as a dyeing auxiliary to improve color fixation and enhance dye absorption.

Choline chloride finds applications in the creation of certain cleaning products, contributing to their effectiveness.
Choline chloride is used in the manufacturing of photographic developers and fixers in the photography industry.

Its water-solubility makes it valuable in the formulation of liquid dietary supplements and health drinks.
Choline chloride is employed in the creation of flame-retardant additives in the textile and polymer industries.
Choline chloride is utilized as a stabilizer and additive in the creation of drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry.
Choline chloride contributes to the creation of certain types of ink, enhancing print quality and viscosity.

In the leather industry, it is used in tanning processes to improve the dispersion of tanning agents.
Choline chloride is involved in the creation of certain adhesives and sealants, contributing to their properties.
Choline chloride is utilized in the production of certain detergents and cleaning agents for its stabilizing effects.

Choline chloride is incorporated into the formulation of biodegradable films and packaging materials.
Choline chloride plays a role in the creation of certain types of artificial snow used for theatrical and decorative purposes.
In the creation of ceramic glazes, choline chloride is employed to control rheological properties in the pottery and ceramics industry.

Choline chloride is utilized in the creation of dietary supplements and nutritional products to support cognitive health and overall well-being.
The compound is included in infant formulas to ensure adequate choline intake for proper brain development in newborns.

In the production of animal feed, choline chloride serves as an essential nutrient to enhance growth rates and reproductive performance.
It is a common additive in pet food formulations to provide essential nutrients for the health of dogs and cats.

Choline chloride is employed in the creation of oral care products, contributing to the formulation of toothpaste and mouthwash.
The cosmetic industry incorporates choline chloride in skincare formulations for its skin-conditioning properties.
In the creation of pharmaceuticals, choline chloride can be used in the synthesis of various medications, including anticholinergic drugs.

Choline chloride is a key component in the development of contrast agents for medical imaging procedures.
Choline chloride finds application in the creation of dietary supplements for athletes and individuals with increased metabolic demands.
Choline chloride is utilized in the production of choline-based fertilizers, promoting plant growth and development.
Choline chloride is included in the formulation of hair care products for its conditioning and anti-static properties.

Choline chloride plays a role in the creation of certain types of inks used in the printing industry, ensuring stable and high-quality prints.
Choline chloride is employed in the synthesis of specialty chemicals used in research and industrial processes.
In the creation of dietary and sports nutrition supplements, choline chloride supports energy metabolism and muscle function.

Choline chloride is used in the production of dietary supplements targeting liver health and detoxification.
Choline chloride is involved in the formulation of dietary products designed to support cardiovascular health.
Choline chloride finds application in the creation of pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of certain neurological disorders.
Choline chloride is employed in the production of choline-based pesticides for agricultural purposes.

In the creation of cosmetic formulations, it contributes to the stability and shelf-life of various skincare products.
Choline chloride is used in the development of choline-rich fortification for food products, addressing nutritional deficiencies.

Choline chloride is employed in the creation of coatings for paper and textiles, enhancing their functional properties.
Choline chloride finds application in the creation of lubricants and corrosion inhibitors for industrial machinery.
Choline chloride is used in the synthesis of specialty polymers and resins for various industrial applications.

Choline chloride is involved in the formulation of electrolyte solutions for medical and sports hydration.
Choline chloride is utilized in the production of dietary supplements targeting mental focus and cognitive performance.

Choline chloride is utilized in the creation of animal vaccines, contributing to the development of effective immunization products.
In the agricultural sector, it is added to fertilizers to enhance nutrient uptake and promote healthier plant growth.
Choline chloride is employed in the formulation of aquaculture feeds to support the growth and vitality of fish and shrimp.

Choline chloride plays a role in the creation of choline-based dietary supplements for pregnant women, supporting fetal brain development.
Choline chloride is utilized in the production of dietary products targeting women's health and hormonal balance.
Choline chloride is involved in the creation of specialized infant formulas for premature infants, addressing nutritional needs.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used in the synthesis of medications for the treatment of liver disorders.

Choline chloride finds application in the creation of choline-enriched food products, contributing to overall nutritional content.
Choline chloride is employed in the development of supplements aiming to improve memory and cognitive function.
The cosmetic industry uses choline chloride in formulations for anti-aging skincare products.
Choline chloride is included in the production of liposomal formulations, contributing to enhanced nutrient delivery.

Choline chloride is used in the synthesis of lipotropic agents, supporting fat metabolism in the body.
In the creation of antiseptic solutions, it contributes to the formulation of effective disinfectants.
Choline chloride finds application in the creation of histological fixatives for tissue preservation.

Choline chloride is employed in the synthesis of neurotransmitter modulators for pharmaceutical applications.
Choline chloride is used in the production of dietary supplements targeting eye health.
Choline chloride plays a role in the creation of choline-rich energy drinks for mental alertness.

Choline chloride is involved in the formulation of wound care products to aid in the healing process.
In the textile industry, choline chloride contributes to the creation of fabric softeners.

Choline chloride is used in the synthesis of choline-containing polymers for various industrial applications.
Choline chloride finds application in the creation of plant protection products for pest control.
Choline chloride is employed in the formulation of liposomal vaccines for enhanced immunization.

Choline chloride is used in the production of choline-based supplements for hair and nail health.
Choline chloride plays a role in the creation of dietary products targeting metabolic syndrome and obesity.
Choline chloride finds application in the synthesis of choline-containing surfactants for diverse industrial uses.

Choline chloride is utilized in the creation of veterinary pharmaceuticals to support animal health and well-being.
In the aquaculture industry, it is added to fish and shrimp feeds to enhance growth rates and improve immune responses.
Choline chloride finds application in the formulation of poultry vaccines, aiding in disease prevention.

Choline chloride is used in the production of choline-fortified baby foods, contributing to the nutritional needs of infants.
Choline chloride is employed in the development of dietary supplements targeting liver detoxification.
In the cosmetic industry, it contributes to the formulation of hair care products for improved texture and manageability.

Choline chloride is utilized in the synthesis of choline-based neurotransmitter modulators for psychiatric medications.
Choline chloride is involved in the creation of dietary products targeting women's health and hormonal balance.
Choline chloride plays a role in the formulation of prenatal vitamins to support the nutritional needs of expectant mothers.

Choline chloride is used in the synthesis of liposomal formulations for drug delivery applications.
In the creation of functional foods, it contributes to the fortification of products with essential nutrients.

Choline chloride is employed in the production of choline-enriched energy drinks for mental alertness and focus.
Choline chloride is utilized in the formulation of antiseptic mouthwashes for oral hygiene.

Choline chloride finds application in the creation of histological fixatives for tissue preservation in laboratory settings.
Choline chloride is used in the synthesis of choline-containing medications for cognitive health.
Choline chloride is involved in the creation of supplements targeting eye health and vision support.

Choline chloride is used in the formulation of dietary products targeting cardiovascular health and cholesterol regulation.
In the agriculture industry, it is added to soil amendments to enhance nutrient availability for plants.
Choline chloride is employed in the synthesis of lipotropic agents for weight management supplements.

Choline chloride plays a role in the formulation of choline-based skin creams for improved skin texture.
The compound is used in the production of veterinary supplements for pets' overall health.
Choline chloride is utilized in the creation of liposomal vaccines for improved immunization responses.

Choline chloride finds application in the development of choline-containing medications for neurodegenerative diseases.
Choline chloride is used in the creation of choline-rich sports nutrition supplements.
Choline chloride is employed in the synthesis of choline-containing polymers for industrial and research applications.



DESCRIPTION


Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt with the chemical formula (CH₃)₃NCH₂CH₂OHCl.
Choline chloride is a salt that consists of choline cation and chloride anion.
Choline chloride is a water-soluble salt, and it is often used as a supplement in animal feed, as a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and in various industrial applications.

Choline chloride itself is an essential nutrient for humans and animals.
Choline chloride plays a crucial role in several biological processes, including the synthesis of phospholipids that are important for cell membrane structure, as well as being a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Choline chloride is commonly used in the agriculture industry as a feed additive for livestock, particularly in poultry and swine diets, to improve growth rates and overall animal health.
Choline chloride can also be used in the production of certain chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Choline chloride is a water-soluble salt that plays a vital role in various biological processes.
Choline chloride consists of a choline cation and a chloride anion, forming a quaternary ammonium salt.
Often recognized for its role as a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, choline chloride is essential for proper nerve function.
As a dietary supplement, it contributes to the synthesis of phospholipids crucial for cell membrane structure.

Choline chloride is commonly used in the agriculture industry as a feed additive to promote livestock health and growth.
Choline chloride is typically found in the form of a white, crystalline powder or liquid.
Widely known for its positive impact on animal nutrition, Choline chloride is especially favored in poultry and swine diets.

Choline chloride is valued for its role in preventing fatty liver syndrome in poultry and enhancing overall metabolism.
In the pharmaceutical industry, choline chloride is utilized in the synthesis of certain drugs and pharmaceutical compounds.
As a neurotransmitter precursor, choline chloride is integral to the proper functioning of the nervous system in both humans and animals.

Its water-solubility allows for easy incorporation into various formulations, making it versatile in different industries.
Choline chloride has a hygroscopic nature, absorbing moisture from the surroundings, and should be stored accordingly.

Choline chloride is involved in lipid metabolism, aiding in the breakdown and utilization of fats in the body.
Recognized as an essential nutrient, choline chloride is often included in dietary supplements and health products.
Choline chloride's importance extends to fetal development, where it contributes to neural tube formation in embryos.

In animal nutrition, it acts as a methyl donor, participating in various biochemical reactions.
The synthesis of acetylcholine, facilitated by choline chloride, is crucial for neurotransmission and muscle function.
Choline chloride's positive impact on liver health makes it a key component in dietary formulations for livestock.
As a stable and soluble compound, choline chloride is easily incorporated into various industrial processes.

Choline chloride is a vital component in the creation of certain chemicals, surfactants, and corrosion inhibitors.
Choline chloride's inclusion in feed formulations enhances nutrient utilization and growth rates in animals.
Choline chloride's ability to support proper brain function highlights its importance in cognitive health.

Choline chloride is recognized for its positive influence on cognitive development in infants and young children.
Its widespread use in the agriculture and pharmaceutical industries underscores its importance in promoting health.
Choline chloride continues to be a subject of research, exploring its potential therapeutic applications and benefits.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C₅H₁₄ClNO
Molecular Weight: 139.63 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-Hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
Solubility: Highly soluble in water.
Appearance: Typically a white, crystalline powder or colorless liquid.


Physical Properties:

State: Solid at room temperature but may be found in liquid form as well.
Melting Point: Varies with the form; typically around 244-247°C for the anhydrous form.
Density: The density of Choline chloride varies with its form, but it is generally around 1.06 g/cm³.
Odor: Odorless.
pH: Solutions of Choline chloride are generally neutral.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if trained to do so.
Seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation persists or there are signs of chemical burns, seek medical attention.
Contaminated clothing should be removed and washed before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes while keeping eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If vomiting occurs spontaneously and the person is conscious, ensure the airway is protected.


General First Aid:

If the person is unconscious, not breathing, or experiencing seizures, call emergency services immediately.
Provide all relevant information to medical personnel, including the product name and safety data sheet if available.
Keep affected individuals warm and at rest.
If there are signs of shock (pale skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing), lay the person down with their legs elevated and cover them with a blanket.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate protective clothing, including chemical-resistant gloves and safety goggles.
Use a dust mask if handling Choline chloride in powdered form to prevent inhalation.

Ventilation:
Work in well-ventilated areas or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
Avoid generating and inhaling dust.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Choline chloride.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where the substance is used.

Avoidance of Contact:
Minimize skin contact; use impermeable gloves if direct contact is possible.
Avoid eye contact; use protective eyewear.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Clean up spills immediately using appropriate absorbent materials.
Wear protective equipment to avoid direct contact.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations.


Storage:

Storage Area:
Store Choline chloride in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Keep away from incompatible materials and heat sources.

Temperature Control:
Store Choline chloride at temperatures specified by the manufacturer.
Protect from excessive heat and moisture, as it may be hygroscopic.

Container Requirements:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent contamination.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store away from strong acids, strong bases, and incompatible substances.
Maintain adequate separation between Choline chloride and other chemicals.

Special Storage Requirements:
If storing in liquid form, ensure the container is labeled and stored upright.
Keep away from open flames and ignition sources.

Handling Precautions:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices during handling and storage.
Implement proper housekeeping measures to prevent dust accumulation.


Emergency Measures:

Emergency Procedures:
Be familiar with emergency procedures and evacuation routes.
Have suitable fire extinguishing equipment nearby.

Emergency Contacts:
Keep emergency contact numbers readily accessible.
Inform relevant personnel and emergency services if an incident occurs.


Training:

Personnel Training:
Ensure personnel are trained on the safe handling, storage, and emergency procedures related to Choline chloride.
Provide information on potential hazards and control measures.

Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Choline chloride may also be used as a model system for studying reaction mechanisms, structural analysis, and calcium pantothenate metabolism.
Choline chloride is an essential nutrient that plays a role in energy metabolism and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.

CAS Number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1

Choline chloride is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−.
Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations ([(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+) and chloride anions (Cl−).

Choline chloride is bifunctional compound, meaning, Choline chloride contains both quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group.
The cation of this salt, Choline chloride, occurs in nature in living beings.
Choline chloride is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly in animal feed.

Choline chloride is a constituent of sphingomyelin and lecithin.
Choline chloride is a precursor of acetylcholine.

Choline chloride plays a vital role in methyl group metabolism, carcinogenesis and lipid transport.
Choline deficiency is associated with fatty liver.

Choline chloride maintains cell structural integrity and cell signalling.
Choline chloride is implicated in the synthesis of phospholipids.
Choline chloride acts as a potent biomarker for ischemic heart disease.

Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Choline chloride is a weak acid.

Choline chloride is the salt of the naturally occurring choline, the pre-stage of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is important for mnemonic and thought-processes.
Choline chloride occurs naturally in fungi, hop and kingcups and as integral part of lecithin.
Choline chloride is a common food additive in animal husbandry

Choline chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Choline chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Choline chloride is a water solution of choline chloride that is 75% by weight.
Choline chloride has been shown to be effective in preventing atherosclerotic lesions and metabolic disorders.

Choline chloride also has thermal expansion properties, which can be used for the manufacture of plastic containers.
Choline chloride can inhibit complex enzyme activity by forming complexes with the enzyme, thus inhibiting Choline chloride activity.

Choline chloride may also be used as a model system for studying reaction mechanisms, structural analysis, and calcium pantothenate metabolism.
Choline chloride is an essential nutrient that plays a role in energy metabolism and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.
Choline chloride is also important for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) because Choline chloride enhances electrical conductivity across cell membranes.

Choline chloride appears as white crystals.
Choline chloride is practically neutral aqueous solution.

Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion.
Choline chloride has a role as an animal growth promotant.

Choline chloride is a chloride salt and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Choline chloride contains a choline.

Choline chloride is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs.
Choline chloride is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Applications of Choline chloride:
Choline chloride is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where Choline chloride accelerates growth.
Choline chloride forms a deep eutectic solvent with urea, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and many other compounds.

Choline chloride is also used as a clay control additive in fluids used for hydraulic fracturing.

Choline chloride has been used:
Choline chloride is used in choline release assay
Choline chloride is used as an endogenous agonist of sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs)
Choline chloride is used as a standard to analyse interrelationships between methionine and choline metabolism

Uses of Choline chloride:
Choline chloride is an animal feed additive, classified as a water-soluble B-vitamin that increases animal growth.
Choline chloride is added exogenously to feed stocks because Choline chloride plays an essential role in fat transport, metabolism, and protects cell membrane structure.

Choline chloride can be supplied to tissue culture media, animal feed additive and used in clinical anti-fatty liver agent.
Choline chloride can be used for treating fatty liver and cirrhosis.

Choline chloride can also be used as the feed additive which is capable of stimulating ovaries for giving birth to more eggs and farrowing.
Choline chloride can also facilitate the weight gaining process of livestock, fish, etc.

Choline chloride is effective in the prevention and treatment of the fat deposition and tissue degeneration in the organs of livestock and poultry.
Choline chloride can also promote the absorption and synthesis of amino acids.

Moreover, Choline chloride can enhance physical fitness and disease resistance of livestock, promote their growth and development, and improve poultry laying rate.
The usage amount is 1-2 g/kg.

As a kind of feed additive, choline chloride has the following physiological effects: Choline chloride can prevent the accumulation of the fat in liver and the kidney and tissue degeneration; Choline chloride can promote recombination of amino acids; Choline chloride can improve the utilization efficiency of amino acids, especially the essential amino acid methionine in vivo.
In Japan, 98% of the applied choline chloride is used as the feed additives of chickens, pigs, cattle and fish and other animal.

Most of them have been processed into powder; the preparation process of 50% powder is that: first add an appropriate excipient of certain particle size into the mixer is prepared by previously adding an appropriate particle size of the excipient, and then add drop wise of aqueous solution of choline chloride, after mixing, drying to derive it.
Some powder products are also blended with vitamins, minerals, and drugs.
Choline chloride is the vitamin B-class drug which can be used for the treatment of hepatitis, liver function degradation, early cirrhosis, and pernicious anemia.

B vitamins:
Choline chloride is an indispensible fundamental component in humans and animal body, often referred to as B vitamins or vitamin B4, and is a necessary low-molecule organic compound for maintaining physiological function off animal body.
Choline chloride can be synthesized inside animal body but still often need to be supplied to dietary and is a kind of vitamin in maximal usage amount.
Inside animal cells, Choline chloride can be used to adjust the in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats, preventing the fat deposition and tissue degeneration of liver and kidney, and then promote the regeneration of amino acids, enhance utilization of amino acids as well as save some part of methionine.

Choline chloride is the most commonly used as well as most economical form of synthetic choline and is a water soluble vitamin, and is the component for constituting of acetylcholine, lecithin, and nerve phospholipids of biological tissue.
Moreover, Choline chloride can save methionine and is an important material required for livestock, poultry, and fish.

Inside animal body, Choline chloride can be used for adjusting in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats and can prevent the deposition in liver and related tissue degeneration.
As a methyl donor, Choline chloride can promote the re-formation of amino acids and improve the utilization of amino acids.

Choline chloride is mainly used as an additive for being mixing into the animal feed.
During the exact usage process, in addition to prevent moisture deliquescence, you should also note that all kind of feeds usually take the addition of choline chloride as the last step.

Because of Choline chloride destruction effects on other vitamins, especially Choline chloride rapid destruction on vitamin A, D, K in the presence of metal elements, multi-dimensional formulation should not include choline.
Daily feed supplied with Choline chloride should be used as soon as possible after the addition.

Tests have showed that choline chloride is especially important for chicken poultry.
Choline chloride synthetic amino acids and lecithin can be delivered to various locations inside chicken bodies, being able to prevent the fat deposition in the liver and kidney and accelerate the growth of chickens and increase egg production and hatchability.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Choline chloride is used in the following products: plant protection products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products and fertilisers.
Choline chloride is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services, scientific research and development and mining.
Other release to the environment of Choline chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.

Uses at industrial sites:
Choline chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, fertilisers, washing & cleaning products and plant protection products.
Choline chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Choline chloride is used in the following areas: mining, scientific research and development, health services and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Choline chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Choline chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)
Stabilizing agent

Consumer Uses:
Choline chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of Choline chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Other Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)

Chemical Properties of Choline chloride:
Choline chloride is white hygroscopic crystal and is odorless with fish stench.
Choline chloride melting point of 240 ℃.

Choline chloride 10% aqueous solution has a pH 5-6.
However, Choline chloride is unstable in alkaline solution.

Choline chloride is easily soluble in water and ethanol but insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene and carbon disulfide.
Choline chloride has a low toxicity with LD50 (rat, oral) being 3400 mg/kg.

General Manufacturing Information of Choline chloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities

Synthesis of Choline chloride:
In the laboratory, choline can be prepared by methylation of dimethylethanolamine with methyl chloride.

Choline chloride is mass-produced with world production estimated at 160 000 tons in 1999.
Industrially, Choline chloride is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide, hydrogen chloride, and trimethylamine, or from the pre-formed salt.

Choline chloride can also be made by treating trimethylamine with 2-chloroethanol.

(CH3)3N + ClCH2CH2OH → [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−

Production method of Choline chloride:
(1) Continuous method for preparation of choline chloride solution:
Continuously send the trimethylamine hydrochloride and a certain amount of ethylene oxide separately through pump into the reactor; the reactants had a residence time at the reactor of 1-1.5h; the reaction was carried out under stirring and has Choline chloride resulting product being continuously withdrawn so that the liquid level within the reactor remained stable.
The withdrawn choline chloride extraction crude product entered into the stripper to obtain 60-80% choline chloride liquid product from the bottom.

(2) Trimethylamine hydrochloride was reacted with ethylene oxide, and then added with an organic acid for neutralization and further concentration to obtain the choline chloride (3) Chloro-ethanol was reacted with trimethylamine to generate choline chloride.

(3)Ethylene oxide method:
Choline chloride can be made from the reaction between ethylene oxide and trimethylamine.
Add the trimethylamine ethanol solution into the reactor, send through ethylene oxide at about 30 ℃ and stirring reaction of 4 hour and further obtain Choline chloride through neutralization with hydrochloric acid (control PH at 6.5-7.0).

The yield of the crude product can be as high as 98%. The crude product can further be subject to activated carbon decolorizing and vacuum concentration to obtain 70% aqueous solution.
The aqueous solution was added with ground corn cobs, rice hull flour, wheat bran or diatomaceous earth and some other kinds of excipients and can give 50% of the powder.

(4) Chlorohydrin method:
Use chlorohydrin to substitute ethylene oxide and hydrochloric acid; have Choline chloride reacted with trimethylamine in the presence of a small amount of ethylene oxide or alkaline substance;
First add 100 parts of chlorohydrin into the reaction vessel, further add 130 parts of trimethylamine from the liquid surface, while supplying of ethylene oxide to trigger the reaction.

After the addition, stir at 32-38 ℃ for 4h with the yield being 84% (calculated from chlorohydrin).
For example, if catalyzed with an alkaline substance (such as quaternary ammonium salts), the one-way conversion rate can reach over 97%.
Trimethylamine methanol solution and chlorohydrin is subject to heating reaction, concentration under reduced pressure, and re-crystallization to generate it.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Choline chloride:
Choline is an essential nutrient, commonly grouped with the B complex vitamins, that plays key roles in many biological processes.
The enzymatic activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), two serum enzymes synthesized by the liver and related with inflammation, were decreased in a sepsis animal model injected with LPS.
Choline chloride administered intravenously at 20 mg/kg body weight prevents the LPS-mediated decreases in the activities of these two enzymes.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Choline chloride:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Lipotropic Agents:
Endogenous factors or drugs that increase the transport and metabolism of LIPIDS including the synthesis of LIPOPROTEINS by the LIVER and their uptake by extrahepatic tissues.

Nootropic Agents:
Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias.
These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms.

Handling and Storage of Choline chloride:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material.

Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect Choline chloride from moisture.

Reactivity Profile of Choline chloride:
Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt. Quaternary ammonium salts often serve as catalysts in reactions.
They are incompatible with many strong oxidizers and reducing agents, such as metal hydrides, alkali/active metals, and organometallics.

Quaternary ammonium salts often serve as catalysts in reactions.
They are incompatible with many strong oxidizers and reducing agents, such as metal hydrides, alkali/active metals, and organometallics.

Unlike the ammonium ion, [NH4]+, and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution.

First Aid Measures of Choline chloride:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Choline chloride:
To fight fires involving this chemical, you should be equipped with an air line or self-contained breathing apparatus.
Extinguish with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or halon extinguisher.

Accidental Release Measures of Choline chloride:

Spillage Disposal of Choline chloride:
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Disposal Methods of Choline chloride:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Identifiers of Choline chloride:
CAS Number: 67-48-1
ChEBI: CHEBI:133341
ChEMBL: ChEMBL282468
ChemSpider: 5974
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.596
E number: E1001(iii) (additional chemicals)
PubChem CID: 522265
UNII: 45I14D8O27
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4020325
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-REWHXWOFAH
SMILES: [Cl-].OCC[N+](C)(C)C

CAS number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Grade: DAB 10
Hill Formula: C₅H₁₄ClNO
Molar Mass: 139.63 g/mol
HS Code: 2923 10 00

Synonym(s): (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Linear Formula: (CH3)3N(Cl)CH2CH2OH
CAS Number: 67-48-1
Molecular Weight: 139.62
Beilstein: 3563126
EC Number: 200-655-4
MDL number: MFCD00011721
PubChem Substance ID: 57654039
NACRES: NA.25

Properties of Choline chloride:
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1
Appearance: White hygroscopic crystals
Melting point: 302 °C (576 °F; 575 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: very soluble (>650 g/L)

Ignition temperature: 355 °C
Melting Point: 200 °C
pH value: 5.0 - 6.5 (140 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 430 kg/m3

biological source: synthetic
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99%
form: powder
color: white
mp: 302-305 °C (dec.) (lit.)
SMILES string: [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO
InChI: 1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
InChI key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Molecular Weight: 139.62 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 46.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Choline chloride:
Assay (argentometric; calculated on dried substance): 98.0 - 100.5 %
Identity (wet chemistry): passes test
Identity (IR): passes test
Appearance of solution (10 %; water): passes test
Acidity or alkalinity: passes test
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.001 %
As (Arsenic): ≤ 0.0003 %
Pb (Lead): ≤ 0.5 ppm
Ammonium, volatile amines: passes test
Ammonium, primary amines: passes test
1,4 Dioxane: passes test
Residual solvents (ICH Q3C): excluded by the manufacturing process
Residue on ignition: ≤ 0.05 %
Loss on drying (120 °C): ≤ 1.5 %
Water: ≤ 0.5 %

Related salts of Choline chloride:
Other commercial choline salts are choline hydroxide and choline bitartrate.
In foodstuffs, Choline chloride is often present as phosphatidylcholine.

Names of Choline chloride:

Regulatory process names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl-trimethylammoniumchlorid
Chlorure de choline
Cholinchlorid
cholinchlorid
Cholinchloride
Choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride

IUPAC names:
(2 - Hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium chloride
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Chloride
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
Cholin Chlorid
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride

Trade names:
CC 75 - Choline chloride, aqueous solution

Other names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Hepacholine
Biocolina
Lipotril

Other identifiers:
1643859-93-1
2028303-08-2
67-48-1

Synonyms of Choline chloride:
CHOLINE CHLORIDE
67-48-1
Hepacholine
Lipotril
Paresan
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
Biocolina
Biocoline
Hormocline
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Luridin chloride
Choline hydrochloride
Neocolina
Bilineurin chloride
Cholinium chloride
Choline, chloride
Chloride de choline
Choline chlorhydrate
Cholini chloridum
Cholinechloride
CHOLINE (CL)
Colina cloruro
2-Hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
Choline chloride [INN]
Cloruro de colina
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride
Chlorure de choline
Choline (chloride)
Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride
CCRIS 3716
HSDB 984
Colina cloruro [DCIT]
(beta-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
EINECS 200-655-4
Chloride de choline [French]
NSC 402838
NSC-402838
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N,-trimethylethanaminium chloride
Cholini chloridum [INN-Latin]
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride
DTXSID4020325
FEMA NO. 4500
UNII-45I14D8O27
AI3-18302
Cloruro de colina [INN-Spanish]
CHEBI:133341
Chlorure de choline [INN-French]
Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride
C5H14NO.Cl
45I14D8O27
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
DTXCID20325
CHEMBL282468
CHOLINE-D13 CHLORIDE
EC 200-655-4
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1)
CHOLINE CHLORIDE (MART.)
CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MART.]
Cloruro de colina (INN-Spanish)
CHOLINE CHLORIDE (USP-RS)
CHOLINE CHLORIDE [USP-RS]
Chlorure de choline (INN-French)
352438-97-2
NSC402838
SR-01000075745
MFCD00011721
cholinii chloridum
Chloride, Choline
cholinium chloratum
Choline Chloride,(S)
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride
SCHEMBL14957
C(CO)N(C)(C)C
CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MI]
SPECTRUM1503428
CHOLINE CHLORIDE [FCC]
CHOLINE CHLORIDE [HSDB]
CHOLINE CHLORIDE [INCI]
CHOLINE CHLORIDE [VANDF]
HMS500F09
CHOLINE CHLORIDE [WHO-DD]
HMS1922E20
HMS2093G05
HMS3652D05
HMS3885F09
Pharmakon1600-01503428
AMY13898
Choline chloride [HOEtN1,1,1]Cl
HY-B1337
hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride
Tox21_200492
CCG-39465
NSC758473
s4171
AKOS015903458
CS-4855
FS-3795
LS-1563
NSC-758473
CAS-67-48-1
WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G
NCGC00095059-01
NCGC00095059-02
NCGC00258046-01
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride
FT-0612603
FT-0665025
SW219165-1
(.beta.-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
A16451
D70213
EN300-102823
AB01568267_01
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride
A835769
Q2964153
SR-01000075745-3
SR-01000075745-5
1CDEFBD7-7905-4D2C-BEA8-44A54D9787D3
F8889-3032
Etanamino, 2-hidroxi-n, n, n-trimetil-, cloruro (1:1)
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1)
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-Ammonium chloride
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
200-655-4 [EINECS]
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminiumchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
67-48-1 [RN]
Chlorure de 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-triméthyléthanaminium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
chlorure de choline [French] [INN]
Choline (chloride)
choline chloride [INN]
CHOLINE, CHLORIDE
Cholini chloridum [Latin] [INN]
cholinium chloride
cloruro de colina [Spanish] [INN]
Colina cloruro [DCIT]
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]
KH2975000
холина хлорид [Russian] [INN]
كلوريد كولين [Arabic] [INN]
氯化胆碱 [Chinese] [INN]
(2-H2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride
(β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
[67-48-1] [RN]
2-(trimethylamino)ethan-1-ol, chloride
285979-70-6 [RN]
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride
2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylazanium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium chloride
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium, monochloride
352438-97-2 [RN]
61037-86-3 [RN]
Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride
Bilineurin chloride
Biocolina
Biocoline
Cholinchloride
choline-chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride
FS-3795
Hepacholine
Hormocline
hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride
Lipotril
Luridin chloride
NCGC00095059-01
NCGC00095059-02
Neocolina
Paresan
Pharmakon1600-01503428
SPECTRUM1503428
trimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride
Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride
WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G
холина хлорид