Textile, Leather, Paper and Industrial Chemicals

C13-15 PARETH-21, Nom INCI : C13-15 PARETH-21, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 931-662-7, Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

Nom INCI : C13-15 PARETH-7

C14-15 ALCOHOLS; N° CAS : 75782-87-5, Nom INCI : C14-15 ALCOHOLS, Classification : Alcool, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Agent stabilisant : Améliore les ingrédients ou la stabilité de la formulation et la durée de conservation Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

C14-15 PARETH-7,N° CAS : 68951-67-7, Nom INCI : C14-15 PARETH-7, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Alcools, C14-C15, éthoxylés; Noms anglais : Alcohols, C14-15, ethoxylated; POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-HYDRO-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-, MONO-C14-15-ALKYL ETHERS; 1-ethoxypentadecane

Nom INCI : C14-22 ALCOHOLS, Classification : Alcool gras, Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion

Alcohols, C16-18, ethoxylated; (C16-C18) Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; (C16-C18) Fatty alcohol, ethylene oxide reaction product; Alfonic 1618-46; Aliphatic (C16-C18)alcohol, ethoxylated; Ceteareth 11; Ceteareth 12; Ceteareth 15; Ceteareth 16; Ceteareth 18; Ceteareth 25; Ceteareth 50; Ceteareth 80 CAS no.: 68439-49-6

C18-22 HYDROXYALKYL HYDROXYPROPYL GUAR, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : C18-22 HYDROXYALKYL HYDROXYPROPYL GUAR, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

C20-22 ALCOHOLS, N° CAS : 90604-34-5, Nom INCI : C20-22 ALCOHOLS, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 292-327-2, Classification : Alcool gras, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques, Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

C20-40 ALCOHOLS, N° CAS : 222400-16-0, Nom INCI : C20-40 ALCOHOLS, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état, Agent stabilisant : Améliore les ingrédients ou la stabilité de la formulation et la durée de conservation

Octanoic acid; Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2); CAS number: 124-07-2; L'acide octanoïque ou acide caprylique est un acide gras saturé à chaîne linéaire comportant 8 atomes de carbone. Acide gras saturé de chaine moyenne d’origine naturelle, l’acide Caprylique, d’aspect liquide huileux, est connu pour ses propriétés antifongiques.Il est présent naturellement dans la noix de coco et le lait maternel, l'huile de palme. C'est un liquide huileux, très peu soluble dans l'eau, ayant un goût rance légèrement désagréable.L'acide caprylique est utilisé commercialement dans la fabrication d'esters utilisés en parfumerie et dans la fabrication de colorants.L'acide caprylique a été découvert par le chimiste français Jules BouisIl est surtout employé pour la fabrication d’esters.Utilisations: L'acide caprylique trouve un usage commercial dans la production d'esters utilisés en parfumerie et dans l'industrie des teintures. L'acide caprylique est connu pour ses propriétés antifongiques et souvent recommandé par les nutritionnistes dans le traitement de la candidose (ou candida). Lorsqu'il y a une prolifération des candidas qui sont des levures saprophytes du système intestinal, l'acide caprylique a une action significative ; d'où son usage dans la candidose. L'acide caprylique est aussi utilisé dans le traitement de quelques maladies infectieuses. Du fait de sa relativement courte chaîne moléculaire, il ne présente pas de difficultés de pénétration des membranes cellulaires épaisses, d'où son efficacité pour combattre certaines bactéries recouvertes de lipides telles que le staphylocoque doré et diverses variétés de streptocoques.Caprylic Acid; Acid octanoic (ro); Acide octanoïque (fr); Acido ottanoico (it); Aċidu ottanojku (mt); Kwas kaprylowy (pl); Kyselina oktánová (sk); Octaanzuur (nl); Octanoic acid (no); Octansyre (da); Octansäure (de); Oktaanhape (et); Oktaanihappo (fi); Oktano rūgštis (lt); Oktanojska kislina (sl); Oktanová kyselina (cs); Oktanska kiselina (hr); Oktansyra (sv); Oktánsav (hu); Oktānskābe (lv); Ácido octanoico (es); Οκτανικό οξύ (el); Октанова киселина (bg); 1-heptanecarboxylic acid;1-Octansäure; Acid C8, Caprylic acid, Octanoic acid; Acido Octanoico; C-8; Caprylic acid, Octanoic acid; Caprylsäure; CLP octanoic acid (PGC Only); n-Caprylic acid; n-Octanoic Acid; N-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine; Octanoic acid (caprylic acid); Octanoic acid(caprylic acid). s: CAPRYLIC ACID (POFAC 0899); Ecoric 8/99; KORTACID 0899/0898/0895/0890; MMFA 0898 (Caprylic Acid 98%); Oktansäure; PALMAC 99-08; PALMATA 0899; RADIACID 0608; RADIACID 0698; SINAR – FA 0899; UNIOLEO FA 0899. Solubilité 0,68 g·l-1 eau à 20 °C. Sol dans l'éthanol, le chloroforme, l'éther, l'éther de pétrole, le disulfure de carbone, l'acide acétique glacial

Nom INCI : C8-12 ACID TRIGLYCERIDE Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

C9-11 ALCOHOLS, N° CAS : 66455-17-2, Nom INCI : C9-11 ALCOHOLS, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 266-367-6, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Alcohols, C9-11; Alcohols C7-C9; decan-1-ol; Dodecanol

C11 (6 Mol EO +4 Mol Po); c11 6eo, 4po; C 11 Alcohol 6 ethoxylate 4 propoxylate; alcohol ethoxylate CAS-No: 68439-50-9

DESCRIPTION:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin exhibits outstanding solubility in various types of general solvents, and superb compatibility with synthetic resins including alkyd resin and phenol resin, and natural resins.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin finds an extensive range of applications as a modifier for paints and printing inks, and as a tackifier for adhesives and pressure sensitive adhesive, when used in combination with various types of resin.
Especially, C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is used in rust preventive paints, thereby making a significant contribution to improvement of various coating film characteristics including resistant against chemicals and water.

CAS Number, 64742-16-1
EINECS No.: 265-116-8

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is thermoplastic, brown yellow flake aromatic resin obtained from petroleum derived monomors.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is compatible with many resins,mineral oils,vegetable oils and plasticizer.
Soluble in major solvents in industrial paints and adhesives.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is mainly used in industrial paints and adhesive.
The higher melting point of Hydrocarbon Resins is particularly around 130 degrees Celsius plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of inks and paints.

Its impact on thermal stability, viscosity control, film formation and resistance properties cannot be overstated.
By ensuring these properties, a higher melting point empowers manufacturers to produce high quality inks & paints suitable for wide range of applications and environment conditions.

The Hydrocarbon Resin C9 HPE series is a low molecular weight thermoplasticaromaticresin produced from petroleum derived C9 fraction through catalytic-polymerizationtechnique.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is a transparent granular solid with the color of light yellow.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has the properties of good solubility, mutual solubility, water resistance, insulation, excellent chemical stability over acid and alkali, good adhesive strength, and low heat conduction.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin could be Soluble in coal tars, esters, turpentine oil; insoluble in alcoholic solvents; partially soluble in petroleum solvents, soluble well in plant oils, with the advantages of stable color, resistant to yellowing, good heat resistant and adhesion.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin families are manufactured with mixed aromatic and aliphatic petroleum feed streams to attain precise compatibility characteristics.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin series represent our C9 aromatic line of hydrocarbon resins being a modified version.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin are used in a wide variety of adhesive, ink and coatings formulations.

C9 Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resins have 4-8 color value and good adhesion.
Different color and quality varieties are used in hot-melt adhesives, industrial paint and ink industry.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin pure resins are produced with a well-controlled molecular design and a highly efficient hydrogenation and purifying process.
They are based on C9 or DCPD/C9 Monomers.
Due to the precursor structure, the NOVARES pure series of water-white resins provide a range of polymer compatibilities and can fulfil the requirements of a broad spectrum of applications.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is a low molecular weight thermoplastic aromatic resin produced from petroleum derived C9 fraction through catalytic-polymerization technique.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is a transparent granular solid with the color of light yellow.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has the properties of good solubility, mutual solubility, water resistance, insulation, excellent chemical stability over acid and alkali, good adhesive strength, and low heat conduction.

They are soluble in most industrial solvents, and particularly in aromatic and aliphatic ones.
Wide compatibility with different polymers and resins makes the series excellent multi-purpose products.
The major application areas are hot melt adhesive, solvent adhesive, paint, printing ink, and rubber, etc.

C9 aromatic hydrocarbon resin.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin acts as a tackifier.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin appears as transparent granular or flakes with color ranging from light yellow to dark brown.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has low acid value, easy mutual solubilities, water resistance, good adhesive strength, and low heat conduction.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has applications in hot melt adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, and contact adhesives.

C9 hydrocarbon resin is produced by C9 fraction by products of petroleum cracking through pretreatment, polymerization and distillation.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is a low polymer with the molecular weight between 300-3000.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Featured by acid value, easy mutual solubilities, resistant to water, resistant to ethanol and chemicals.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has a chemical stabilizing property to acid and alkaline, viscosity adjusting and thermal stabilizing.
Generally the resins are not used independently but have to be used together with other kinds of resins as promoters, adjusting agents and modifiers.

C9 petroleum resin is produced through the process of fractionation, thermal polymerization, flash evaporation and molding with the carbon nine as the raw material from ethylene fragmentation.
C9 has good transparency, gloss, compatibility, insulation, excellent solubility, and stability to acid-based chemicals as well as good bond and good thermal conductivity.

Compared to C5 resins, they have a much higher melt viscosity, are of darker color (dark yellow to brown) and have higher softening point ranging from about 100 to 150°C.
Moreover, C9 resins are very versatile resins that are compatible with many polymers.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is a low molecular weight, non-polar thermoplastic aromatic C9 resin having excellent resistance to acids, alkalies and moisture.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin shows good color stability and, when formulated with elastomers, a good balance of flex, tear, tack and adhesion properties.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is made by C9 cracking, through catalytic , polymerization .
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is a kind of granular solid with color from light yellow to oyster white.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has the properties of good heat stability,intersolubility, viscidity,light stability,water resistance and very good chemical stability over acid and alkali.

Hydrocarbon resins are Aromatic and made from C9 hydrocarbons.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Soft solid with yellowish-white patches
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Proper thermal and optical stability,

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Good flexibility
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Good adhesion

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Strength against water
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Good resistance to chemicals such as acid and light
C9 Hydrocarbon Resins are a wide variety of resins that are compatible with many polymers.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin Could be soluble in coal tars, esters, turpentine oil; insoluble in alcoholic solvents; partially soluble in petroleum solvents, soluble well in paint oil, with the advantages of satble color, resistant to yellowing, good heat resistant and adhesion.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is amber color thermoplastic hydrocarbon resin .

APPLICATIONS OF C9 HYDROCARBON RESIN:
Hydrogenated resins are used for a variety of applications as a main component in formulations or minor additive, when low odor and color, thermal stability and excellent polymer compatibility are required.
Their low molecular weight, straight linear structure and aliphatic nature lead to special desired properties in formulations and compounds like adhesion on special surfaces, transparency in polymers and desired viscosities.

Paints mainly use C9 hydrocarbon resin with high softening points.
C9 hydrocarbon resin added to paints can increase
Final finishes of paints

Adhesiveness of paint films and the hardness
Resistance to acid and alkaline elements
Rubbers Mainly use C9 hydrocarbon resin with low softening points.

The resin has very good mutual solubilities with natural rubber particles.
There is no effect of sulphurization of rubber.

The resins have very good adhesiveness, they can increase the adhesiveness of adhesives, resistance to acid, alkaline and water.
Subsequently they will reduce the production cost.

Usually C9 hydrocarbon resin which have high softening point are used for printing inks to increase the printing property they have as the resin provides the following advantages
• colour spreading,
• fast dry
• brightening effects.

C9 hydrocarbon resin has certain unsaturation properties and can be used as paper glutting agents, plastic modifiers etc.

Rubber processing:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Used for the roles of softening, strengthening and increasing viscosity to enhance molding processing performance and prevent delaminating, bubbles in the product.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is mainly used in the production of tires, rubber V-belts, and tubes.

Adhesive production:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Used in the production of hot melt adhesives and pressure sensing adhesive to significantly increase its viscosity, elasticity, and low temperature performance.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has excellent performance of water resistance and is often used in plywood, wallpaper and leather bonding.

Paint production:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Used in the manufacture of the reinforced latex and oil-soluble paints, with the function of effectively improving paint glossiness, hardness, water resistance, and chemical resistance.

Ink production:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Suitable for use in the production of printing inks due to its high softening point, stable performance, and solubility in hydrocarbon resins.
The addition of petroleum resins to inks allow for increased drying speeds, enhanced coloring and brightening properties that significantly impact overall print performance.

Paper industry:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Used as a paper sizing agent.
Compared to traditional rosins, C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is very effective in reducing water absorption that allows for increased paper smoothness and improved hydrophobic properties.

Other applications:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin can be used as a water treatment agent with drilling mud additives for oilfield chemicals, or as an asphalt modification agent.

In the adhesives industry:
Color- and odor-free resins without any negative health impact are increasingly in demand to meet evolving customer and regulatory requirements.
Growing demand for specialized hotmelt adhesives has led to additional new requirements related to defined compatibility, softening points and thermostability.
Premium pure resins have been specifically formulated for these and many other demanding 21st-century product requirements and applications.

Food Packaging :
The very low VOC content of premium-grade pure products complies with FDA and different EU regulations and enables the formulation of safe and clean adhesives for direct and indirect food contact.

Diapers:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin s are suitable for every type of adhesive used in diaper production.
The odor- and color-free properties of these advanced resins, as well as their low viscosity, make NOVARES pure – especially NOVARES pure 2100 – a superior choice for spray applications.

Woodworking:
NOVARES pure grades offer high thermostability and good compatibility, enabling these advanced resins to provide the reliable quality and desired processability required for woodworking adhesives.

PSAs:
Fully hydrogenated resins are becoming increasingly popular for pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin offer superior hydrogenation levels and show well-defined compatibility to the aliphatic blocks.
They are the ideal resins for formulating pressure-sensitive adhesives across a broad range of temperatures.

Other industries:

Coating:
In coating formulations, the fully hydrogenated low-polar NOVARES pure resins can be used to modify alkyd resins with long and middle oil length.
They improve the UV stability, chemical resistance and solid content of coating formulations.

Plastics:
Hydrocarbon resins are commonly used for the manufacture of plastics and the improvement of film properties in flexible packaging.
In polar plastics like PVC, non-hydrogenated resins are compatible and function as lubricant and mechanical modification possibility.
In polyolefine-based plastics, hydrogenated resins are the first choice due to better miscibility.

In BOPP (biaxially orientated PP film) compounds the highly miscible resin C9 Hydrocarbon Resin shows a strong impact on the crystallization process induced by stretching and promotes the transparency and gloss of the final film.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin also extends the shelf life of packaging and preserves a product´s aroma and freshness by improving the water-vapor barrier.
As a result of the hydrophobic property and the filler effect of the low-molecular hydrocarbon resin in a macro molecular BOPP network, C9 Hydrocarbon Resin reduces oxygen and moisture permeability and improves the stiffness and twist stability of a BOPP film.

Rubber:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resins are highly compatible with aliphatic and high-saturated rubbers like NR, EPDM and HNBR.
The incorporation of C9 Hydrocarbon Resins improves the handling and processing properties of rubber.

Due to a high saturation, the hydrogenated resins have low impact on vulcanization properties but improve oil resistance and aging stability of a compound.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resins can be considered as a special processing aid with a very low migration tendency for those rubber products with high safety requirements due to skin and food contact.

Hydrogenated resins are UV stable, clean, safe and broadly compatible with oil, bitumen, SBR and many other low-polar polymers and substances.
These characters open a wide range of applications for C9 Hydrocarbon Resin s, including road marking paints, wax and oil modifications and cosmetics.

Rain Carbon recognizes its important role in achieving and promoting ever higher degrees of sustainability.
For a reduction of carbon footprint and energy utilization, we offer our hydrogenated resins in molten form, shipping the product in inert, gas-pressurized iso road tankers that maintain the stability, quality and ready-to-use status of the resins for several days while being transported over long distances.

Paints:
The mixture of petroleum resin HC 9150 and dry oil can be used for varnish making, increase the alkali resistance and the shock resistance of the varnish.
Improve the temperature resistance and waterproof in primer.

Rubbers:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin in rubber will increase the adhesiveness.
Printing inks:
Petroleum C9 Hydrocarbon Resin used for printing inks will increase the drying speed, the radiance and the printing quality, it and also reduce the product cost.

Adhesives:
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin can increase the adhesiveness of adhesives, and the resistance to high temperature.
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin for solvent-based pressure sensitive adhesive are low molecular weight aliphatic petroleum resins that are widely applicable to solvent-based pressure sensitive adhesive labels and tapes.

BENEFITS OF C9 HYDROCARBON RESIN
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Excellent compatability
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Water-white color and odor-free
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Eco-friendly and very low VOC content

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Superior high-thermal and UV stability
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Consistent high quality

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Suitable for food and skin contact, as well as medical applications
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is Available in molten delivery

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin is specially designed for adhesives application.
Characterised by lighter colour, less odour as well as wider compatibility and solubility, they are more suitable for hot melt adhesives, bookbinding, shoes adhesive and solvent adhesives etc.

The major applications areas are paints and varnishes, printing inks, adhesives, rubber and elastomers etc.

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Excellent compatibility with other resins
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Low Molecular weight
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Good thermal resistance

C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Good resistance to acids, alkalis and moisture
C9 Hydrocarbon Resin has Water resistance

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF C9 HYDROCARBON RESIN:
Appearance , Pale Yellow Pellet
Color Gardener (2g/25ml Toluene), 2-3
Softening Point R&B C + 5 C, 120
Acid Value (mgKOH/g), 0.1 Max
Bromine No. (g/100), 25
Molecular Weight (GPC), 1500
CAS Number, 64742-16-1
Test Item, Specification, Test Method
Appearance, Light yellow, Eyeballing
Softening Point(oC), 140-150, ASTM E 28
Color Gardner, 3 - 7, ASTM D 974
Acid Value (KOH mg/g), ≤1.0, ASTM D 1544
Ash Content%(wt.), ≤0.1,
Appearance:, , Pale Yellow Granule,
Colour Gardner, Max, 10,
Softening Point, Ring&Ball,℃, 115-125,
Acid Value, (KOH mg/g) max, 0.2,
Bromine Content, (Br g/100g) max, 30,
Ash Content, (%) max, 0.1,
Colour (50% resin solid in Toluene) (ASTM D1544): Max7# Ga #
Softening point (Ring & Ball) (ASTM E28): 115-125 °C
Acid value (ASTM D974): Max 0.10 mgKOH/g
Iodine Value (ASTM D1959): Max.30 gI /100g
Ash content (ASTM D 1063): Max.0.05 %
Specific gravity (ASTM D71): 1.07-1.1320/20â

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT C9 HYDROCARBON RESIN

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Nom INCI : C9-11 FATTY ALCOHOL 6 EO, Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Noms français :Alcool d'alkyl (C9-C11) éthoxylé; Noms anglais : (C9-C11) ALKYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATE; ALCOHOLS, C9-11, ETHOXYLATED. Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated. : (C9-C11)Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-decoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol; a-((nonyl - undecyl)oxy)-w-(2-hydroxyethyl)poly(ethane-1,2-diyloxy); ALCOHOL C9-11, ETHOXYLATED; ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE, C9-15; ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATES; Alcohol ethoxylates (8 EO); Alcohols C9-11 Ethoxylated; Alcohols C9-11, ethoxylated; Alcohols C9-11,ethoxylated; Alcohols, C7-11, ethoxylated; Alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated; alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated,; Alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated, < 2.5 EO; Alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated, > 6 EO; Alcohols, C9-11, branched and linear, ethoxylated; Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (1 - 2.5 mol EO); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (2,5-4EO); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (3 mol EO average molar ratio); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (8EO); ALCOHOLS, C9-11, ETHOXYLATED (EO>2.5); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated 2,5 - 4 EO Alcohols, C9-C11, ethoxylated; alcohols,C9-11,ethoxylated; Alkohole, C9-11, ethoxyliert; Alkoholethoxylat; Alkyl alcohol, C9-C11, ethoxylated; ALKYL(C9-11) ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; C9-11 ALCOHOL (6) ETHOXYLATE; C9-C11 Pareth-3; ETHOXYLATED ALCOHOL; Ethoxylated C9 -11 alcohols; ETHOXYLATED C9-11 ALCOHOLS; Ethoxylated C9-11 alcohols (CAS # 68439-46-3) (C9-C11) Alkyl alcohol, ethoxylate; 1-Ethoxynonan [German] ; 1-Ethoxynonane ; 1-Éthoxynonane [French] ; Ethyl nonyl ether; Nonane, 1-ethoxy- [ACD/Index Name]; Nonyl ethyl ether; C9-11 Pareth-3

C9-11 PARETH-3, N° CAS : 68439-46-3, Nom INCI : C9-11 PARETH-3, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Noms français :Alcool d'alkyl (C9-C11) éthoxylé; Noms anglais : (C9-C11) ALKYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATE; ALCOHOLS, C9-11, ETHOXYLATED. Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated. : (C9-C11)Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-decoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol; a-((nonyl - undecyl)oxy)-w-(2-hydroxyethyl)poly(ethane-1,2-diyloxy); ALCOHOL C9-11, ETHOXYLATED; ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE, C9-15; ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATES; Alcohol ethoxylates (8 EO); Alcohols C9-11 Ethoxylated; Alcohols C9-11, ethoxylated; Alcohols C9-11,ethoxylated; Alcohols, C7-11, ethoxylated; Alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated; alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated,; Alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated, < 2.5 EO; Alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated, > 6 EO; Alcohols, C9-11, branched and linear, ethoxylated; Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (1 - 2.5 mol EO); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (2,5-4EO); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (3 mol EO average molar ratio); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (8EO); ALCOHOLS, C9-11, ETHOXYLATED (EO>2.5); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated 2,5 - 4 EO Alcohols, C9-C11, ethoxylated; alcohols,C9-11,ethoxylated; Alkohole, C9-11, ethoxyliert; Alkoholethoxylat; Alkyl alcohol, C9-C11, ethoxylated; ALKYL(C9-11) ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; C9-11 ALCOHOL (6) ETHOXYLATE; C9-C11 Pareth-3; ETHOXYLATED ALCOHOL; Ethoxylated C9 -11 alcohols; ETHOXYLATED C9-11 ALCOHOLS; Ethoxylated C9-11 alcohols (CAS # 68439-46-3) (C9-C11) Alkyl alcohol, ethoxylate; 1-Ethoxynonan [German] ; 1-Ethoxynonane ; 1-Éthoxynonane [French] ; Ethyl nonyl ether; Nonane, 1-ethoxy- [ACD/Index Name]; Nonyl ethyl ether; C9-11 Pareth-3

C9-11 PARETH-8, N° CAS : 68439-46-3, Nom INCI : C9-11 PARETH-8, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Noms français :Alcool d'alkyl (C9-C11) éthoxylé; Noms anglais : (C9-C11) ALKYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATE; ALCOHOLS, C9-11, ETHOXYLATED. Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated. : (C9-C11)Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-decoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol; a-((nonyl - undecyl)oxy)-w-(2-hydroxyethyl)poly(ethane-1,2-diyloxy); ALCOHOL C9-11, ETHOXYLATED; ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE, C9-15; ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATES; Alcohol ethoxylates (8 EO); Alcohols C9-11 Ethoxylated; Alcohols C9-11, ethoxylated; Alcohols C9-11,ethoxylated; Alcohols, C7-11, ethoxylated; Alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated; alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated,; Alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated, < 2.5 EO; Alcohols, C9-11 ethoxylated, > 6 EO; Alcohols, C9-11, branched and linear, ethoxylated; Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (1 - 2.5 mol EO); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (2,5-4EO); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (3 mol EO average molar ratio); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated (8EO); ALCOHOLS, C9-11, ETHOXYLATED (EO>2.5); Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated 2,5 - 4 EO Alcohols, C9-C11, ethoxylated; alcohols,C9-11,ethoxylated; Alkohole, C9-11, ethoxyliert; Alkoholethoxylat; Alkyl alcohol, C9-C11, ethoxylated; ALKYL(C9-11) ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; C9-11 ALCOHOL (6) ETHOXYLATE; C9-C11 Pareth-3; ETHOXYLATED ALCOHOL; Ethoxylated C9 -11 alcohols; ETHOXYLATED C9-11 ALCOHOLS; Ethoxylated C9-11 alcohols (CAS # 68439-46-3) (C9-C11) Alkyl alcohol, ethoxylate; 1-Ethoxynonan [German] ; 1-Ethoxynonane ; 1-Éthoxynonane [French] ; Ethyl nonyl ether; Nonane, 1-ethoxy- [ACD/Index Name]; Nonyl ethyl ether; C9-11 Pareth-3

CAFFEINE, N° CAS : 58-08-2 - Caféine, Autres langues : Cafeína, Caffeina, Koffein, Nom INCI : CAFFEINE, Nom chimique : 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-362-1, La caféine est réputée pour être un actif anti-cellulite et minceur. En cosmétique, elle est donc utilisée dans les soins minceurs en application locale. On la retrouve assez souvent dans les soins anti-âges et contours des yeux, il semble qu'elle est un effet anti-poche et raffermissant. Elle est autorisée en bio. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit ,Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état, Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Principaux synonymes Noms français : 1,3,7-TRIMETHYL-2,6-DIOXOPURINE 1,3,7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINE 1-METHYLTHEOBROMINE 1H-PURINE-2,6-DIONE, 3,7-DIHYDRO-1,3,7-TRIMETHYL- 3,7-DIHYDRO-1,3,7-TRIMETHYL-1H-PURINE-2,6-DIONE 7-METHYLTHEOPHYLLINE Caféine Caféine anhydre METHYLTHEOBROMINE THEOBROMINE, 1-METHYL THEOPHYLLINE, 7-METHYL TRIMETHYL-1,3,7 DIOXO-2,6 PURINE TRIMETHYL-1,3,7 XANTHINE Noms anglais : ANHYDROUS CAFFEINE CAFFEIN Caffeine Utilisation et sources d'émission Additif alimentaire; 1-metilteobromina (nl) cafeina (ro) cafeína (es) caffeina (it) caffeine (nl) caféine (fr) coffein (da) kofeiin (et) Kofeiini (fi) kofein (cs) kofeina (pl) kofeinas (lt) kofeín (sk) kofeīns (lv) koffein (hu) Trimethylxanthen (de) καφεΐν (el) кофеин (bg) CAS names: 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl- 1,3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-trimethyl xanthine 1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione 1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-purindion 1,3,7-Trimethyl-3, 7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-2H-purin-2,6-dion 1,3,7-trimethylpurine -2,6-dione 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-trimethylpyrine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINE 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine, Coffeinum, 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione, 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine, 1,3,7-Trimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione, 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine; 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-trimetilxantina 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione Coffein, wasserfrei s 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl- (9CI) 7-Methyltheophylline Alert-Pep Anhydrous caffeine Caffein Caffeine (8CI) CAFFEINE MELTING POINT STANDARD Cafipel Coffeinum Guaranine Mateina Methyltheobromine Methyltheothylline No-Doz Refresh'n Stim Thein Theine Tri-Aqua

CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is an excipient of extremely high purity that is suitable for use as a multi-functional additive in the pharmaceutical industry.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is compatible with many pharmaceutical ingredients and can act as a flow aid to reduce common issues in tablet and capsule production including poor flow through the hopper, active/inactive ingredient segregation, and tablet breakage during compaction.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is a silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.

CAS: 112945-52-5
MF: O2Si
MW: 60.08
EINECS: 231-545-4

Synonyms
acticel;SILICA GEL 7G;SILICA GEL 8-20 MESH;SILICA GEL 12-28 MESH;SILICA GEL 100;SILICA GEL 60;SILICA GEL 30;SILICA GEL 60 G;Pyrogenic silica; Silica fume; Fumed colloidal silica; Silica, fumed; silicic anhydride; fumed silicon dioxide; Aerosil; Cab-O-Sil; Cabosil; silicon dioxide amorphous, synthetic amorphous silica; colloidal silicon dioxide, ts-100 acematt, White Carbon Black

Synthetic CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica has interesting thickening and thixotropic properties, and an enormous external surface area.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is produced by a vapor phase hydrolysis process using chlorosilanes or substituted silanes such as, silicon tetrachloride in a flame of hydrogen and oxygen.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is formed and collected in a dry state.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica contains no detectable crystalline silica.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is a powder composed of submicron-sized amorphous silica spheres arranged in branching chains of varying lengths.
To produce CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica, silicon tetrachloride or quartz is burnded in a flame of hydrogen and oxygen to yield molten uniform-sized spheres that subsequently fuse into three-dimensional aggregates.
Though the lengths and shapes of these chains differ (lending it an enormous external surface area), the size of the spheres themselves can be controlled during the preparation process.

CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica exhibits thixotropic properties and is typically used as a dessicant, thickening and anti-caking agent, and stabilizer in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints and coatings, sealants, and gel-cell batteries (as an additive to acid-based electrolytes).
American Elements can produce both hydrophilic and hydrophobic (treated) CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica in a range of different sizes and surface areas.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is a medium surface fumed silica which enables a significant increase in viscosity in liquid systems, free flow of powders and reinforcement of silicone and organic rubbers.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is most efficient in non-polar to medium polarity systems and offers an excellent balance of thickening efficiency and dispersibility.
Key characteristics of CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica include high purity, aggregated structure, submicron particle size, low bulk density and hydrophilic surface.

CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica Chemical Properties
Melting point: >1600°C
Density: 2.3 lb/cu.ft at 25 °C (bulk density)(lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.46(lit.)
Solubility: Practically insoluble in organic solvents, water, and acids, except hydrofluoric acid; soluble in hot solutions of alkali hydroxide.
Forms a colloidal dispersion with water. For Aerosil, solubility in water is 150 mg/L at 258℃ (pH 7).
Form: powder
Specific Gravity: 2.2
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 5: forms reversible hydrate
CAS DataBase Reference: 112945-52-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica (112945-52-5)

CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica, the noncrystalline form of SiO2, is a transparent to gray, odorless, amorphous powder.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is a submicroscopic fumed silica with a particle size of about 15 nm.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is a light, loose, bluish-white-colored, odorless, tasteless, amorphous powder.

Uses
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica has interesting thickening and thixotropic properties, and an enormous external surface area.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is produced by a vapor phase hydrolysis process using chlorosilanes or substituted silanes such as, silicon tetrachloride in a flame of hydrogen and oxygen.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica is formed and collected in a dry state.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica contains no detectable crystalline silica.

CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F, also known as pyrogenic silica because it is produced in a flame, consists of microscopic droplets of amorphous silica fused into branched, chainlike, three-dimensional secondary particles which then agglomerate into tertiary particles.
The resulting powder has an extremely low bulk density and high surface area.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F's three-dimensional structure results in viscosity-increasing, thixotropic behavior when used as a thickener or reinforcing filler.

CAS: 112945-52-5
MF: O2Si
MW: 60.08
EINECS: 231-545-4

Synonyms
acticel;SILICA GEL 7G;SILICA GEL 8-20 MESH;SILICA GEL 12-28 MESH;SILICA GEL 100;SILICA GEL 60;SILICA GEL 30;SILICA GEL 60 G;Pyrogenic silica; Silica fume; Fumed colloidal silica; Silica, fumed; silicic anhydride; fumed silicon dioxide; Aerosil; Cab-O-Sil; Cabosil; silicon dioxide amorphous, synthetic amorphous silica; colloidal silicon dioxide, ts-100 acematt, White Carbon Black

CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is a silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.

CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F Chemical Properties
Melting point: >1600°C
density: 2.3 lb/cu.ft at 25 °C (bulk density)(lit.)
refractive index: n20/D 1.46(lit.)
solubility: Practically insoluble in organic solvents, water, and acids, except hydrofluoric acid; soluble in hot solutions of alkali hydroxide.
Forms a colloidal dispersion with water. For Aerosil, solubility in water is 150 mg/L at 258℃ (pH 7).
form: powder
Specific Gravity: 2.2
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 5: forms reversible hydrate
CAS DataBase Reference: 112945-52-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F (112945-52-5)

CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F, the noncrystalline form of SiO2, is a transparent to gray, odorless, amorphous powder.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is a submicroscopic fumed silica with a particle size of about 15 nm.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is a light, loose, bluish-white-colored, odorless, tasteless, amorphous powder.

Properties
Fumed silicaCAB-O-SIL® EH-5FPrimary particle size is 5–50 nm.
The particles are non-porous and have a surface area of 50–600 m2/g.
The density is 160–190 kg/m3.

Applications
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F serves as a universal thickening agent and an anticaking agent (free-flow agent) in powders.
Like silica gel, CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F serves as a desiccant.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is used in cosmetics for its light-diffusing properties.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is used as a light abrasive, in products like toothpaste. Other uses include filler in silicone elastomer and viscosity adjustment in paints, coatings, printing inks, adhesives and unsaturated polyester resins.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F readily forms a network structure within bitumen and enhances its elasticity.

Pharmaceutical Applications
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F's small particle size and large specific surface area give it desirable flow characteristics that are exploited to improve the flow properties of dry powders in a number of processes such as tableting and capsule filling.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is also used to stabilize emulsions and as a thixotropic thickening and suspending agent in gels and semisolid preparations.
With other ingredients of similar refractive index, transparent gels may be formed.
The degree of viscosity increase depends on the polarity of the liquid (polar liquids generally require a greater concentration of colloidal silicon dioxide than nonpolar liquids). Viscosity is largely independent of temperature.

However, changes to the pH of a system may affect the viscosity1.
In aerosols, other than those for inhalation, CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is used to promote particulate suspension, eliminate hard settling, and minimize the clogging of spray nozzles.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is also used as a tablet disintegrant and as an adsorbent dispersing agent for liquids in powders.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is frequently added to suppository formulations containing lipophilic excipients to increase viscosity, prevent sedimentation during molding, and decrease the release rate.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is also used as an adsorbent during the preparation of wax microspheres; as a thickening agent for topical preparations; and has been used to aid the freeze-drying of nanocapsules and nanosphere suspensions.

Health issues
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is not listed as a carcinogen by OSHA, IARC, or NTP.
Due to its fineness and thinness, fumed silica can easily become airborne, making it an inhalation hazard capable of causing irritation.

Production
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F is made from flame pyrolysis of silicon tetrachloride or from quartz sand vaporized in a 3000 °C electric arc.
Major global producers are Evonik (who sells CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F under the name Aerosil), Cabot Corporation (Cab-O-Sil), Wacker Chemie (HDK), Dow Corning, Heraeus (Zandosil), Tokuyama Corporation (Reolosil), OCI (Konasil), Orisil (Orisil) and Xunyuchem(XYSIL).

Purification Methods
Purification of CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F for high technology applications uses isopiestic vapour distillation from concentrated volatile acids and is absorbed in high purity water.
The impurities remain behind.
Preliminary cleaning to remove surface contaminants uses dip etching in HF or a mixture of HCl, H2O2 and deionised water.

Cactus Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the Opuntia ficus-indica species, known for its moisturizing, soothing, and skin-repairing properties.
Cactus Extract is recognized for its ability to provide long-lasting hydration, calm irritated skin, and support the skin's natural healing process, making it a valuable addition to skincare formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain healthy, hydrated, and rejuvenated skin.

CAS Number: 90082-21-6
EC Number: 290-109-1

Synonyms: Cactus Extract, Opuntia Ficus-Indica Extract, Prickly Pear Extract, Nopal Extract, Indian Fig Extract, Barbary Fig Extract, Cactus Fruit Extract, Cactus Moisturizing Extract, Cactus Soothing Extract, Cactus Skin Care Active, Opuntia Extract, Prickly Pear Cactus Extract, Cactus Phytocomplex, Cactus Phytoextract, Cactus Bioactive Extract, Opuntia Ficus-Indica Fruit Extract, Nopal Cactus Extract, Barbary Fig Extract

APPLICATIONS

Cactus Extract is extensively used in the formulation of moisturizing creams, providing deep hydration and long-lasting moisture retention for dry and dehydrated skin.
Cactus Extract is favored in the creation of calming serums, where it helps to reduce redness, soothe irritated skin, and provide intense hydration.
Cactus Extract is utilized in the development of face masks, offering intensive hydration and soothing effects that leave the skin refreshed and rejuvenated.

Cactus Extract is widely used in the production of after-sun products, providing soothing and moisturizing benefits to sun-exposed skin.
Cactus Extract is employed in the formulation of eye creams, offering hydration and gentle care for the delicate skin around the eyes.
Cactus Extract is essential in the creation of lotions for sensitive skin, offering lightweight hydration and relief from irritation.

Cactus Extract is utilized in the production of anti-inflammatory creams, providing soothing relief for irritated, dry, or sensitive skin.
Cactus Extract is a key ingredient in the formulation of hydrating serums, offering long-lasting moisture and improving skin elasticity.
Cactus Extract is used in the creation of protective serums, where it helps to repair the skin's moisture barrier and prevent dehydration.

Cactus Extract is applied in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin hydration and reduces sensitivity.
Cactus Extract is employed in the production of body lotions, providing all-over hydration and soothing care for dry and irritated skin.
Cactus Extract is used in the development of calming creams, providing deep relief and hydration for sensitive and reactive skin.

Cactus Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of scalp treatments, providing hydration and soothing care for sensitive or dry scalps.
Cactus Extract is a key component in the creation of prebiotic skincare products, supporting the skin’s microbiome while providing hydration and soothing benefits.
Cactus Extract is used in the production of lip care products, offering hydration and protection for soft, smooth lips.

Cactus Extract is employed in the formulation of hand creams, providing hydration and soothing care that helps to maintain skin softness and comfort.
Cactus Extract is applied in the creation of daily wear creams, offering balanced hydration and protection for everyday use.
Cactus Extract is utilized in the development of skin repair treatments, providing intensive care that helps to restore and protect damaged or irritated skin.

Cactus Extract is found in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin hydration and reduces oxidative stress.
Cactus Extract is used in the production of soothing gels, providing instant relief from irritation and dehydration.
Cactus Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of multipurpose balms, providing versatile care for sensitive areas such as lips, hands, and face.

Cactus Extract is widely used in the formulation of anti-inflammatory skincare products, offering soothing and protective benefits for sensitive skin.
Cactus Extract is employed in the development of nourishing body butters, offering rich hydration and protection for dry, rough skin.
Cactus Extract is applied in the production of anti-aging serums, offering deep hydration and soothing care that helps to maintain youthful-looking skin.

Cactus Extract is utilized in the creation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and reduces oxidative stress.
Cactus Extract is found in the formulation of sensitive skin repair treatments, providing targeted care for areas prone to irritation and discomfort.
Cactus Extract is used in the production of sun care products, providing hydration and soothing care that preserves skin health.

DESCRIPTION

Cactus Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the Opuntia ficus-indica species, known for its moisturizing, soothing, and skin-repairing properties.
Cactus Extract is recognized for its ability to provide long-lasting hydration, calm irritated skin, and support the skin's natural healing process, making it a valuable addition to skincare formulations.

Cactus Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin texture, promoting skin elasticity, and providing a protective barrier against environmental stress.
Cactus Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to provide comprehensive care for sensitive, dry, and dehydrated skin, offering both immediate and long-term benefits.
Cactus Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin, leaving it smooth, hydrated, and rejuvenated.

Cactus Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining healthy, hydrated skin.
Cactus Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural moisture balance and its soothing properties, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to protect and hydrate the skin.
Cactus Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and oils.

Cactus Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting sensitive, dry, and environmentally stressed skin, as it provides gentle yet effective hydration and soothing care.
Cactus Extract is known for its compatibility with other skincare actives, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Cactus Extract is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between hydration, protection, and soothing care, ensuring comprehensive skin benefits.

Cactus Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing deep hydration, soothing relief, and skin protection in one ingredient.
Cactus Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with noticeable improvements in skin moisture levels, comfort, and texture.
Cactus Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to hydrate and soothe the skin.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Cactus Extract (Opuntia Ficus-Indica Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow to green liquid or powder
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for liquid extract)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid or powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for liquid extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)

FIRST AID

Inhalation:
If Cactus Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Cactus Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Cactus Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Cactus Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Cactus Extract in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of vapors and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where vapors may be present.

CAFFEIC ACID, N° CAS : 331-39-5, Nom INCI : CAFFEIC ACID, Nom chimique : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-Propenoic acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 206-361-2, Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine; 1-methyltheobromine; 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione; 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine; Methyltheobromide; 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione; Caffenium; 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine; 7-methyltheophylline; 1,3,7-trimethyl-Xanthine CAS NO:58-08-2

DESCRIPTION:

Caffeine is a natural chemical with stimulant effects.
Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, cola, cocoa, guarana, yerba mate, and over 60 other products.
Caffeine works by stimulating the central nervous system, heart, muscles, and the centers that control blood pressure.

Chemical Formula: C8H10N4O2
Weight Average: 194.1906
Monoisotopic: 194.080375584

SYNONYMS OF CAFFEINE:
Guaranine,Methyltheobromine,1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine,7-methyltheophylline[1] Theine,1-methyltheobromine,1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine,1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione,1,3,7-trimethylxanthine,3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purin-2,6-dion,7-methyltheophylline,Anhydrous caffeine

Caffeine can raise blood pressure, but might not have this effect in people who use it all the time. Caffeine can also act like a "water pill" that increases urine flow.

People most commonly use caffeine for mental alertness, headache, migraine, athletic performance, memory, and obesity.
It is also used for asthma, gallbladder disease, ADHD, low blood pressure, depression, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these other uses.

Caffeine products sold in very concentrated or pure forms are a health concern.

People can easily take doses that are much too high by mistake.
It's illegal in the US for these products to be sold to consumers in bulk.
Taking caffeine, within limits, is allowed by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Urine concentrations over 15 mcg/mL are prohibited.

Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.
It is mainly used as a eugeroic (wakefulness promoter) or as a mild cognitive enhancer to increase alertness and attentional performance.
Caffeine acts by blocking binding of adenosine to the adenosine A1 receptor, which enhances release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine, which allows it to bind and block its receptors.
Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase.
Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

It is found in the seeds, fruits, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia and South America,[17] and helps to protect them against herbivores and from competition by preventing the germination of nearby seeds,[18] as well as encouraging consumption by select animals such as honey bees.[19]

The best-known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, the seed of the Coffea plant.
People may drink beverages containing caffeine to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve cognitive performance.
To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion.

Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are consumed globally in high volumes.
In 2020, almost 10 million tonnes of coffee beans were consumed globally.
Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug.

Unlike most other psychoactive substances, caffeine remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world.
Caffeine is also an outlier as its use is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures and even encouraged in others.
Caffeine has both positive and negative health effects.

It can treat and prevent the premature infant breathing disorders bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity and apnea of prematurity.
Caffeine citrate is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.

It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinson's disease.
Some people experience sleep disruption or anxiety if they consume caffeine,[26] but others show little disturbance.
Evidence of a risk during pregnancy is equivocal; some authorities recommend that pregnant women limit caffeine to the equivalent of two cups of coffee per day or less.

Caffeine can produce a mild form of drug dependence – associated with withdrawal symptoms such as sleepiness, headache, and irritability – when an individual stops using caffeine after repeated daily intake.
Tolerance to the autonomic effects of increased blood pressure and heart rate, and increased urine output, develops with chronic use (i.e., these symptoms become less pronounced or do not occur following consistent use).

Caffeine is classified by the US Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe.
Toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than the typical dose of under 500 milligrams per day.
The European Food Safety Authority reported that up to 400 mg of caffeine per day (around 5.7 mg/kg of body mass per day) does not raise safety concerns for non-pregnant adults, while intakes up to 200 mg per day for pregnant and lactating women do not raise safety concerns for the fetus or the breast-fed infants.

A cup of coffee contains 80–175 mg of caffeine, depending on what "bean" (seed) is used, how it is roasted, and how it is prepared (e.g., drip, percolation, or espresso).
Thus it requires roughly 50–100 ordinary cups of coffee to reach the toxic dose.
However, pure powdered caffeine, which is available as a dietary supplement, can be lethal in tablespoon-sized amounts.

USES OF CAFFEINE:
Medical:
Caffeine is used for both prevention[35] and treatment[36] of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. It may improve weight gain during therapy[37] and reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy as well as reduce language and cognitive delay.
On the other hand, subtle long-term side effects are possible.

Caffeine is used as a primary treatment for apnea of prematurity,[41] but not prevention.
It is also used for orthostatic hypotension treatment.
Some people use caffeine-containing beverages such as coffee or tea to try to treat their asthma.

Evidence to support this practice is poor.
It appears that caffeine in low doses improves airway function in people with asthma, increasing forced expiratory volume (FEV1) by 5% to 18% for up to four hours.
The addition of caffeine (100–130 mg) to commonly prescribed pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen modestly improves the proportion of people who achieve pain relief.

Consumption of caffeine after abdominal surgery shortens the time to recovery of normal bowel function and shortens length of hospital stay.
Caffeine was formerly used as a second-line treatment for ADHD.
It is considered less effective than methylphenidate or amphetamine but more so than placebo for children with ADHD.

Children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD are more likely to consume caffeine, perhaps as a form of self-medication.

Enhancing performance:
Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that may reduce fatigue and drowsiness.
At normal doses, caffeine has variable effects on learning and memory, but it generally improves reaction time, wakefulness, concentration, and motor coordination.
The amount of caffeine needed to produce these effects varies from person to person, depending on body size and degree of tolerance.

The desired effects arise approximately one hour after consumption, and the desired effects of a moderate dose usually subside after about three or four hours.
Caffeine can delay or prevent sleep and improves task performance during sleep deprivation.
Shift workers who use caffeine make fewer mistakes that could result from drowsiness.

Caffeine in a dose dependent manner increases alertness in both fatigued and normal individuals.
A systematic review and meta-analysis from 2014 found that concurrent caffeine and l-theanine use has synergistic psychoactive effects that promote alertness, attention, and task switching;[58] these effects are most pronounced during the first hour post-dose.

Physical performance:
Caffeine is a proven ergogenic aid in humans.
Caffeine improves athletic performance in aerobic (especially endurance sports) and anaerobic conditions.
Moderate doses of caffeine (around 5 mg/kg[59]) can improve sprint performance,[60] cycling and running time trial performance,[59] endurance (i.e., it delays the onset of muscle fatigue and central fatigue),and cycling power output.

Caffeine increases basal metabolic rate in adults.
Caffeine ingestion prior to aerobic exercise increases fat oxidation, particularly in persons with low physical fitness.
Caffeine improves muscular strength and power,[67] and may enhance muscular endurance.

Caffeine also enhances performance on anaerobic tests.
Caffeine consumption before constant load exercise is associated with reduced perceived exertion.
While this effect is not present during exercise-to-exhaustion exercise, performance is significantly enhanced.

This is congruent with caffeine reducing perceived exertion, because exercise-to-exhaustion should end at the same point of fatigue.
Caffeine also improves power output and reduces time to completion in aerobic time trials,[71] an effect positively (but not exclusively) associated with longer duration exercise.

Specific populations:
Adults:
For the general population of healthy adults, Health Canada advises a daily intake of no more than 400 mg.
This limit was found to be safe by a 2017 systematic review on caffeine toxicology.

Children:
In healthy children, moderate caffeine intake under 400 mg produces effects that are "modest and typically innocuous".
As early as six months old, infants can metabolize caffeine at the same rate as that of adults.
Higher doses of caffeine (>400 mg) can cause physiological, psychological and behavioral harm, particularly for children with psychiatric or cardiac conditions.

There is no evidence that coffee stunts a child's growth.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that caffeine consumption is not appropriate for children and adolescents and should be avoided.
This recommendation is based on a clinical report released by American Academy of Pediatrics in 2011 with a review of 45 publications from 1994 to 2011 and includes inputs from various stakeholders (Pediatricians, Committee on nutrition, Canadian Pediatric Society, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, Sports Medicine & Fitness committee, National Federations of High School Associations).

For children age 12 and under, Health Canada recommends a maximum daily caffeine intake of no more than 2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

Based on average body weights of children, this translates to the following age-based intake limits:
• Age range, Maximum recommended daily caffeine intake
• 4–6, 45 mg (slightly more than in 355 ml (12 fl. oz) of a typical caffeinated soft drink)
• 7–9, 62.5 mg
• 10–12, 85 mg (about 1⁄2 cup of coffee)

Adolescents:
Health Canada has not developed advice for adolescents because of insufficient data.
However, they suggest that daily caffeine intake for this age group be no more than 2.5 mg/kg body weight.
This is because the maximum adult caffeine dose may not be appropriate for light-weight adolescents or for younger adolescents who are still growing.

The daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight would not cause adverse health effects in the majority of adolescent caffeine consumers.
This is a conservative suggestion since older and heavier-weight adolescents may be able to consume adult doses of caffeine without experiencing adverse effects.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding:
The metabolism of caffeine is reduced in pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, and the half-life of caffeine during pregnancy can be increased up to 15 hours (as compared to 2.5 to 4.5 hours in non-pregnant adults).
Evidence regarding the effects of caffeine on pregnancy and for breastfeeding are inconclusive.
There is limited primary and secondary advice for, or against, caffeine use during pregnancy and its effects on the fetus or newborn.

The UK Food Standards Agency has recommended that pregnant women should limit their caffeine intake, out of prudence, to less than 200 mg of caffeine a day – the equivalent of two cups of instant coffee, or one and a half to two cups of fresh coffee.
The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) concluded in 2010 that caffeine consumption is safe up to 200 mg per day in pregnant women.
For women who breastfeed, are pregnant, or may become pregnant, Health Canada recommends a maximum daily caffeine intake of no more than 300 mg, or a little over two 8 oz (237 mL) cups of coffee.

A 2017 systematic review on caffeine toxicology found evidence supporting that caffeine consumption up to 300 mg/day for pregnant women is generally not associated with adverse reproductive or developmental effect.
There are conflicting reports in the scientific literature about caffeine use during pregnancy.
A 2011 review found that caffeine during pregnancy does not appear to increase the risk of congenital malformations, miscarriage or growth retardation even when consumed in moderate to high amounts.

Other reviews, however, concluded that there is some evidence that higher caffeine intake by pregnant women may be associated with a higher risk of giving birth to a low birth weight baby,[84] and may be associated with a higher risk of pregnancy loss.
A systematic review, analyzing the results of observational studies, suggests that women who consume large amounts of caffeine (greater than 300 mg/day) prior to becoming pregnant may have a higher risk of experiencing pregnancy loss

HISTORY OF CAFFEINE:
Discovery and spread of use:
According to Chinese legend, the Chinese emperor Shennong, reputed to have reigned in about 3000 BCE, inadvertently discovered tea when he noted that when certain leaves fell into boiling water, a fragrant and restorative drink resulted.
Shennong is also mentioned in Lu Yu's Cha Jing, a famous early work on the subject of tea.

The earliest credible evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee plant appears in the middle of the fifteenth century, in the Sufi monasteries of the Yemen in southern Arabia.
From Mocha, coffee spread to Egypt and North Africa, and by the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, Persia and Turkey.
From the Middle East, coffee drinking spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, and coffee plants were transported by the Dutch to the East Indies and to the Americas.

Kola nut use appears to have ancient origins.
It is chewed in many West African cultures, in both private and social settings, to restore vitality and ease hunger pangs.
The earliest evidence of cocoa bean use comes from residue found in an ancient Mayan pot dated to 600 BCE.

Also, chocolate was consumed in a bitter and spicy drink called xocolatl, often seasoned with vanilla, chile pepper, and achiote.
Xocolatl was believed to fight fatigue, a belief probably attributable to the theobromine and caffeine content.
Chocolate was an important luxury good throughout pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, and cocoa beans were often used as currency.

Xocolatl was introduced to Europe by the Spaniards, and became a popular beverage by 1700.
The Spaniards also introduced the cacao tree into the West Indies[254] and the Philippines.
The leaves and stems of the yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria) were used by Native Americans to brew a tea called asi or the "black drink".
Archaeologists have found evidence of this use far into antiquity,[257] possibly dating to Late Archaic times.

Caffeine is a drug of the methylxanthine class used for a variety of purposes, including certain respiratory conditions of the premature newborn, pain relief, and to combat drowsiness.
Caffeine is similar in chemical structure to Theophylline and Theobromine.
It can be sourced from coffee beans, but also occurs naturally in various teas and cacao beans, which are different than coffee beans.

Caffeine is also used in a variety of cosmetic products and can be administered topically, orally, by inhalation, or by injection.
The caffeine citrate injection, used for apnea of the premature newborn, was initially approved by the FDA in 1999.

According to an article from 2017, more than 15 million babies are born prematurely worldwide. This correlates to about 1 in 10 births.
Premature birth can lead to apnea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a condition that interferes with lung development and may eventually cause asthma or early onset emphysema in those born prematurely.
Caffeine is beneficial in preventing and treating apnea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborns, improving the quality of life of premature infants

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION, ISOLATION, AND SYNTHESIS OF CAFFEINE:
In 1819, the German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge isolated relatively pure caffeine for the first time; he called it "Kaffebase" (i.e., a base that exists in coffee).
According to Runge, he did this at the behest of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
In 1821, caffeine was isolated both by the French chemist Pierre Jean Robiquet and by another pair of French chemists, Pierre-Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou, according to Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius in his yearly journal.

Furthermore, Berzelius stated that the French chemists had made their discoveries independently of any knowledge of Runge's or each other's work.
However, Berzelius later acknowledged Runge's priority in the extraction of caffeine, stating:"However, at this point, it should not remain unmentioned that Runge (in his Phytochemical Discoveries, 1820, pages 146–147) specified the same method and described caffeine under the name Caffeebase a year earlier than Robiquet, to whom the discovery of this substance is usually attributed, having made the first oral announcement about it at a meeting of the Pharmacy Society in Paris."

Pelletier's article on caffeine was the first to use the term in print (in the French form Caféine from the French word for coffee: café).[263] It corroborates Berzelius's account:
Caffeine, noun (feminine). Crystallizable substance discovered in coffee in 1821 by Mr. Robiquet. During the same period – while they were searching for quinine in coffee because coffee is considered by several doctors to be a medicine that reduces fevers and because coffee belongs to the same family as the cinchona [quinine] tree – on their part, Messrs.

Pelletier and Caventou obtained caffeine; but because their research had a different goal and because their research had not been finished, they left priority on this subject to Mr. Robiquet.
We do not know why Mr. Robiquet has not published the analysis of coffee which he read to the Pharmacy Society. Its publication would have allowed us to make caffeine better known and give us accurate ideas of coffee's composition ...

Robiquet was one of the first to isolate and describe the properties of pure caffeine,whereas Pelletier was the first to perform an elemental analysis.

In 1827, M. Oudry isolated "théine" from tea,[266] but in 1838 it was proved by Mulder and by Carl Jobst[268] that theine was actually the same as caffeine.
In 1895, German chemist Hermann Emil Fischer (1852–1919) first synthesized caffeine from its chemical components (i.e. a "total synthesis"), and two years later, he also derived the structural formula of the compound.
This was part of the work for which Fischer was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1902.

Historic regulations:
Because it was recognized that coffee contained some compound that acted as a stimulant, first coffee and later also caffeine has sometimes been subject to regulation.
For example, in the 16th century Islamists in Mecca and in the Ottoman Empire made coffee illegal for some classes.

Charles II of England tried to ban it in 1676, Frederick II of Prussia banned it in 1777, and coffee was banned in Sweden at various times between 1756 and 1823.
In 1911, caffeine became the focus of one of the earliest documented health scares, when the US government seized 40 barrels and 20 kegs of Coca-Cola syrup in Chattanooga, Tennessee, alleging the caffeine in its drink was "injurious to health".

Although the Supreme Court later ruled in favor of Coca-Cola in United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola, two bills were introduced to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1912 to amend the Pure Food and Drug Act, adding caffeine to the list of "habit-forming" and "deleterious" substances, which must be listed on a product's label.

NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF CAFFEINE:
Roasted coffee beans:
Around thirty plant species are known to contain caffeine.
Common sources are the "beans" (seeds) of the two cultivated coffee plants, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (the quantity varies, but 1.3% is a typical value); and of the cocoa plant, Theobroma cacao; the leaves of the tea plant; and kola nuts.

Other sources include the leaves of yaupon holly, South American holly yerba mate, and Amazonian holly guayusa; and seeds from Amazonian maple guarana berries.
Temperate climates around the world have produced unrelated caffeine-containing plants.
Caffeine in plants acts as a natural pesticide: it can paralyze and kill predator insects feeding on the plant.

High caffeine levels are found in coffee seedlings when they are developing foliage and lack mechanical protection.
In addition, high caffeine levels are found in the surrounding soil of coffee seedlings, which inhibits seed germination of nearby coffee seedlings, thus giving seedlings with the highest caffeine levels fewer competitors for existing resources for survival.

Caffeine is stored in tea leaves in two places.
Firstly, in the cell vacuoles where it is complexed with polyphenols.
This caffeine probably is released into the mouth parts of insects, to discourage herbivory.

Secondly, around the vascular bundles, where it probably inhibits pathogenic fungi from entering and colonizing the vascular bundles.

Caffeine in nectar may improve the reproductive success of the pollen producing plants by enhancing the reward memory of pollinators such as honey bees.
The differing perceptions in the effects of ingesting beverages made from various plants containing caffeine could be explained by the fact that these beverages also contain varying mixtures of other methylxanthine alkaloids, including the cardiac stimulants theophylline and theobromine, and polyphenols that can form insoluble complexes with caffeine

PRODUCTS OF CAFFEINE:
Products containing caffeine include coffee, tea, soft drinks ("colas"), energy drinks, other beverages, chocolate, caffeine tablets, other oral products, and inhalation products.
According to a 2020 study in the United States, coffee is the major source of caffeine intake in middle-aged adults, while soft drinks and tea are the major sources in adolescents.
Energy drinks are more commonly consumed as a source of caffeine in adolescents as compared to adults.

Beverages:
Coffee:
The world's primary source of caffeine is the coffee "bean" (the seed of the coffee plant), from which coffee is brewed.
Caffeine content in coffee varies widely depending on the type of coffee bean and the method of preparation used;[229] even beans within a given bush can show variations in concentration. In general, one serving of coffee ranges from 80 to 100 milligrams, for a single shot (30 milliliters) of arabica-variety espresso, to approximately 100–125 milligrams for a cup (120 milliliters) of drip coffee.

Arabica coffee typically contains half the caffeine of the robusta variety.
In general, dark-roast coffee has very slightly less caffeine than lighter roasts because the roasting process reduces caffeine content of the bean by a small amount.

Tea:
Tea contains more caffeine than coffee by dry weight.
A typical serving, however, contains much less, since less of the product is used as compared to an equivalent serving of coffee. Also contributing to caffeine content are growing conditions, processing techniques, and other variables.
Thus, teas contain varying amounts of caffeine.[232]

Tea contains small amounts of theobromine and slightly higher levels of theophylline than coffee. Preparation and many other factors have a significant impact on tea, and color is a very poor indicator of caffeine content.
Teas like the pale Japanese green tea, gyokuro, for example, contain far more caffeine than much darker teas like lapsang souchong, which has very little.

Soft drinks and energy drinks:
Caffeine is also a common ingredient of soft drinks, such as cola, originally prepared from kola nuts. Soft drinks typically contain 0 to 55 milligrams of caffeine per 12 ounce (350 mL) serving.
By contrast, energy drinks, such as Red Bull, can start at 80 milligrams of caffeine per serving.

The caffeine in these drinks either originates from the ingredients used or is an additive derived from the product of decaffeination or from chemical synthesis.
Guarana, a prime ingredient of energy drinks, contains large amounts of caffeine with small amounts of theobromine and theophylline in a naturally occurring slow-release excipient.

Other beverages:
Mate is a drink popular in many parts of South America.
Its preparation consists of filling a gourd with the leaves of the South American holly yerba mate, pouring hot but not boiling water over the leaves, and drinking with a straw, the bombilla, which acts as a filter so as to draw only the liquid and not the yerba leaves.

Guaraná is a soft drink originating in Brazil made from the seeds of the Guaraná fruit.
The leaves of Ilex guayusa, the Ecuadorian holly tree, are placed in boiling water to make a guayusa tea.

The leaves of Ilex vomitoria, the yaupon holly tree, are placed in boiling water to make a yaupon tea.
Commercially prepared coffee-flavoured milk beverages are popular in Australia.

Examples include Oak's Ice Coffee and Farmers Union Iced Coffee.
The amount of caffeine in these beverages can vary widely. Caffeine concentrations can differ significantly from the manufacturer's claims.

Chocolate:
Chocolate derived from cocoa beans contains a small amount of caffeine.
The weak stimulant effect of chocolate may be due to a combination of theobromine and theophylline, as well as caffeine.

A typical 28-gram serving of a milk chocolate bar has about as much caffeine as a cup of decaffeinated coffee.
By weight, dark chocolate has one to two times the amount of caffeine as coffee: 80–160 mg per 100 g.
Higher percentages of cocoa such as 90% amount to 200 mg per 100 g approximately and thus, a 100-gram 85% cocoa chocolate bar contains about 195 mg caffeine.

Tablets:
No-Doz 100 mg caffeine tablets
Tablets offer several advantages over coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages, including convenience, known dosage, and avoidance of concomitant intake of sugar, acids, and fluids.
A use of caffeine in this form is said to improve mental alertness.
These tablets are commonly used by students studying for their exams and by people who work or drive for long hours.

Sources of Caffeine:
Caffeine is naturally found in the fruit, leaves, and beans of coffee, cacao, and guarana plants.
It is also added to beverages and supplements.
There is a risk of drinking excess amounts of caffeinated beverages like soda and energy drinks because they are taken chilled and are easy to digest quickly in large quantities.

Coffee:
1 cup or 8 ounces of brewed coffee contains about 95 mg caffeine.
The same amount of instant coffee contains about 60 mg caffeine. Decaffeinated coffee contains about 4 mg of caffeine. Learn more about coffee.

Espresso:
1 shot or 1.5 ounces contains about 65 mg caffeine.

Tea:
1 cup of black tea contains about 47 mg caffeine.
Green tea contains about 28 mg.
Decaffeinated tea contains 2 mg, and herbal tea contains none.

Soda:
A 12-ounce can of regular or diet dark cola contains about 40 mg caffeine.
The same amount of Mountain Dew contains 55 mg caffeine.

Chocolate (cacao): 1 ounce of dark chocolate contains about 24 mg caffeine, whereas milk chocolate contains one-quarter of that amount.

Guarana: This is a seed from a South American plant that is processed as an extract in foods, energy drinks, and energy supplements.
Guarana seeds contain about four times the amount of caffeine as that found in coffee beans.
[4] Some drinks containing extracts of these seeds can contain up to 125 mg caffeine per serving.
Energy drinks:
1 cup or 8 ounces of an energy drink contains about 85 mg caffeine.
However the standard energy drink serving is 16 ounces, which doubles the caffeine to 170 mg. Energy shots are much more concentrated than the drinks; a small 2 ounce shot contains about 200 mg caffeine.

Supplements:
Caffeine supplements contain about 200 mg per tablet, or the amount in 2 cups of brewed coffee.

Other oral products:
One U.S. company is marketing oral dissolvable caffeine strips.
Another intake route is SpazzStick, a caffeinated lip balm.
Alert Energy Caffeine Gum was introduced in the United States in 2013, but was voluntarily withdrawn after an announcement of an investigation by the FDA of the health effects of added caffeine in foods.

Inhalants:
Similar to an e-cigarette, a caffeine inhaler may be used to deliver caffeine or a stimulant like guarana by vaping.
In 2012, the FDA sent a warning letter to one of the companies marketing an inhaler, expressing concerns for the lack of safety information available about inhaled caffeine.

Combinations with other drugs:
Some beverages combine alcohol with caffeine to create a caffeinated alcoholic drink.
The stimulant effects of caffeine may mask the depressant effects of alcohol, potentially reducing the user's awareness of their level of intoxication.
Such beverages have been the subject of bans due to safety concerns.

In particular, the United States Food and Drug Administration has classified caffeine added to malt liquor beverages as an "unsafe food additive".
Ya ba contains a combination of methamphetamine and caffeine.
Painkillers such as propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine combine caffeine with an analgesic.

USES & EFFECTIVENESS OF CAFFEINE:
Effective for:
Migraine.
Taking caffeine by mouth together with pain relievers such aspirin and acetaminophen is effective for treating migraines.
Caffeine is an FDA-approved product for use with pain relievers for treating migraine headaches.
Pauses in breathing that may be followed by low heart rate and low oxygen levels in newborns.

Giving caffeine by mouth or by IV can improve breathing in very premature infants.
Caffeine citrate is approved as a prescription drug for this condition. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.

Headache after surgery.
Taking caffeine by mouth or by IV is effective for preventing headaches following surgery.
Caffeine is an FDA-approved product for this use in people who regularly consume caffeine. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.

Tension headache.
Taking caffeine by mouth in combination with pain relievers is effective for treating tension headaches.
It is FDA-approved for this use.

Likely Effective for:
Mental alertness.
Taking caffeine by mouth improves mental alertness.
But it might not be as effective as getting enough sleep.

Possibly Effective for:
Athletic performance.
Taking caffeine by mouth seems to increase physical strength and endurance and might delay fatigue during exercise.
But taking more than 800 mg of caffeine daily (6-8 cups) can lead to caffeine levels greater than those allowed by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

A lung disease that affects newborns (bronchopulmonary dysplasia).
Giving caffeine by mouth or by IV to premature infants seems to reduce the risk for this lung problem.
IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.

Diabetes.
Drinking beverages that contain caffeine is linked with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
But it's not clear if consuming caffeine helps to treat diabetes.

Memory.
Taking caffeine by mouth seems to improve short-term memory in college students or people with outgoing personalities.

Obesity.
Taking caffeine by mouth together with ephedrine seems to increase weight loss, short-term.
But there can be unwanted side effects.
Even in carefully monitored and otherwise healthy adults, caffeine/ephedra combinations can cause changes in blood pressure and heart rate.

Acute pain.
Taking caffeine by mouth together with painkillers such as ibuprofen can reduce pain more than painkillers alone.
Headache after epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, or lumbar puncture.
Taking caffeine by mouth or by IV seems to help prevent headache that can occur after these procedures.
IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.

BENEFITS OF CAFFEINE:
Caffeine may have some health benefits, but not all of these have been confirmed by research.
Weight loss:
Caffeine may boost weight loss or prevent weight gain, possibly by:
• suppressing the appetite and temporarily reducing the desire to eat
• stimulating thermogenesis, so the body generates more heat and energy from digesting food
Weight loss products that are marketed as thermogenics may contain caffeine and ephedra, or ephedrine.
Research has not confirmed long-term results.

Alertness
A 75-mg serving of caffeine can increase attention and alertness, and a 160 to 600-mg dose may improve mental alertness, speed reasoning, and memory.
However, caffeine is not a substitute for sleep.

Sports performance
Caffeine can improve physical performance during endurance exercise.
The European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) recognize that caffeine can increase endurance performance, endurance capacity, and reduction in perceived exertion.
However, the effects on short-term, high-intensity exercise remain inconclusive.

Brain function:
Caffeine affects adenosine receptors in the brain.
Coffee also contains polyphenol antioxidants, and these, too, act on various pathways.
Studies have suggested that drinking coffee may help enhance some thinking skills and slow the mental decline that comes with age.

However, more research is needed to confirm this.

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease:
Research has found that lifelong caffeine consumption may reduceTrusted Source the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
Studies have also reported that people with a higher coffee consumption have a lower risk of Parkinson’s disease.

Memory:
Research from Johns Hopkins University suggests that a dose of caffeine after a learning session may help boost long-term memory.
Liver and colon:
It has been suggested that caffeine enemas may help prepareTrusted Source the colon for an endoscopy or colonoscopy by supporting the excretion of bile through the colon wall.
Proponents claim that a caffeine enema increases the levels of glutathione, an antioxidant, and so it supports the natural processes of detoxification in the liver.
However, there is little evidence to support this theory.

Coffee consumption may help decrease the risk of cirrhosis and slow the rate of disease progression in hepatitis C infection.
Observational studies have found that coffee may have protective benefits for people with hepatocellular cancer.

Eyelid spasm:
There is some evidence that caffeine may help protect people from an eye disorder known as blepharospasm.
This condition, caused by abnormal brain function, makes people blink incessantly and can leave them functionally blind.

Cataracts:
Researchers have found that caffeine may help protectTrusted Source the lens of the eye against damage that could lead to the formation of cataracts.

Skin cancer:
Some scientists have suggested that caffeine may guard against certain skin cancers.
One team found that caffeine applied directly to the skin of mice helped prevent damaging ultraviolet (UV) light from causing skin cancer.
Others have linked the consumption of three cups of caffeinated coffee a day with a 21 percent lower risk of developing basal cell carcinoma in women, and a 10 percent lower risk in men, compared with drinking less than one cup per month.

Kidney stones:
A study of 217,883 participants analyzed the association between caffeine intake and the risk of developing kidney stones.
Those who consumed more caffeine had a lower riskTrusted Source of developing kidney stones.

Mouth, throat, and other cancers:
In a study of 968,432 men and women, participants who drank than 4 cups of coffee a day had a 49-percent lower risk of death from oral cancer, compared with those who drank no coffee at all or only an occasional cup.

Other possible cancer-related benefits include:
• a lower risk of endometrial cancer
• a reduced risk of prostate cancer
• protection against head and neck cancer
• protection against the recurrence of breast cancer

Stroke:
Data for 34,670 women in Sweden without a history of cardiovascular disease indicated that women who drank more than one cup of coffee per day had a 22 to 25-percent lower riskTrusted Source of stroke compared with women who drank less.
Low or no coffee drinking appeared to be linked to an increased risk of stroke.

Type 2 diabetes:
One longitudinal study found that participants who increased their coffee intake by more than one cup a day over a 4-year period had a 1 percent lower riskTrusted Source of developing type 2 diabetes compared with people who did not change their intake.
People who lowered their daily consumption by more than one cup of coffee showed a 17 percent higher risk for type 2 diabetes.

A study published in Diabetes Care in 2004 linked a high coffee consumption over a period of 4 weeks with increased fasting insulin concentrations.
However, the reasons for the link were unclear.
It may be due to lowered insulin sensitivity, meaning the body does not use the insulin produced efficiently.
The team called for more investigation before asserting that high coffee consumption lowers risk for type 2 diabetes.

ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF CAFFEINE:
The chemical name for the bitter white powder known as caffeine is 1,3,7 trimethylxanthine.
Caffeine is absorbed within about 45 minutes after consuming, and peaks in the blood anywhere from 15 minutes to 2 hours.

Caffeine in beverages such as coffee, tea, and soda is quickly absorbed in the gut and dissolves in both the body’s water and fat molecules.
It is able to cross into the brain.
Food or food components, such as fibers, in the gut can delay how quickly caffeine in the blood peaks.

Therefore, drinking your morning coffee on an empty stomach might give you a quicker energy boost than if you drank it while eating breakfast.
Caffeine is broken down mainly in the liver.
It can remain in the blood anywhere from 1.5 to 9.5 hours, depending on various factors.

Smoking speeds up the breakdown of caffeine, whereas pregnancy and oral contraceptives can slow the breakdown.
During the third trimester of pregnancy, caffeine can remain in the body for up to 15 hours.
People often develop a “caffeine tolerance” when taken regularly, which can reduce its stimulant effects unless a higher amount is consumed.

When suddenly stopping all caffeine, withdrawal symptoms often follow such as irritability, headache, agitation, depressed mood, and fatigue.
The symptoms are strongest within a few days after stopping caffeine, but tend to subside after about one week.

Tapering the amount gradually may help to reduce side effects.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT CAFFEINE:

WHAT IS CAFFEINE?
Caffeine is a bitter substance that occurs naturally in more than 60 plants including:
Coffee beans
Tea leaves
Kola nuts, which are used to flavor soft drink colas
Cacao pods, which are used to make chocolate products

There is also synthetic (man-made) caffeine, which is added to some medicines, foods, and drinks. For example, some pain relievers, cold medicines, and over-the-counter medicines for alertness contain synthetic caffeine. So do energy drinks and "energy-boosting" gums and snacks.

Most people consume caffeine from drinks.
The amount of caffeine in different drinks can vary a lot, but it is generally:
• An 8-ounce cup of coffee: 95-200 mg
• A 12-ounce can of cola: 35-45 mg
• An 8-ounce energy drink: 70-100 mg
• An 8-ounce cup of tea: 14-60 mg

WHAT ARE CAFFEINE'S EFFECTS ON THE BODY?
Caffeine has many effects on your body's metabolism.
Caffeine Stimulates your central nervous system, which can make you feel more awake and give you a boost of energy
Caffeine Is a diuretic, meaning that it helps your body get rid of extra salt and water by urinating more

Caffeine Increases the release of acid in your stomach, sometimes leading to an upset stomach or heartburn
Caffeine May interfere with the absorption of calcium in the body
Caffeine Increases your blood pressure

Within one hour of eating or drinking caffeine, it reaches its peak level in your blood. You may continue to feel the effects of caffeine for four to six hours.

WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS FROM TOO MUCH CAFFEINE?
For most people, it is not harmful to consume up to 400mg of caffeine a day.
If you do eat or drink too much caffeine, it can cause health problems, such as:
• Restlessness and shakiness
• Insomnia
• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Fast heart rate
• Dehydration
• Anxiety

Dependency, so you need to take more of it to get the same results
Some people are more sensitive to the effects of caffeine than others.

WHAT ARE ENERGY DRINKS, AND WHY CAN THEY BE A PROBLEM?
Energy drinks are beverages that have added caffeine.
The amount of caffeine in energy drinks can vary widely, and sometimes the labels on the drinks do not give you the actual amount of caffeine in them. Energy drinks may also contain sugars, vitamins, herbs, and supplements.

Companies that make energy drinks claim that the drinks can increase alertness and improve physical and mental performance.
This has helped make the drinks popular with American teens and young adults.
There's limited data showing that energy drinks might temporarily improve alertness and physical endurance.

There is not enough evidence to show that they enhance strength or power.
But what we do know is that energy drinks can be dangerous because they have large amounts of caffeine.

And since they have lots of sugar, they can contribute to weight gain and worsen diabetes.
Sometimes young people mix their energy drinks with alcohol.

It is dangerous to combine alcohol and caffeine.
Caffeine can interfere with your ability to recognize how drunk you are, which can lead you to drink more.
This also makes you more likely to make bad decisions.

WHO SHOULD AVOID OR LIMIT CAFFEINE?
You should check with your health care provider about whether you should limit or avoid caffeine if YOU:
• Are pregnant, since caffeine passes through the placenta to your baby.
• Are breastfeeding, since a small amount of caffeine that you consume is passed along to your baby.
• Have sleep disorders, including insomnia.
• Have migraines or other chronic headaches.
• Have anxiety.
• Have GERD or ulcers.
• Have arrhythmia (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat).
• Have high blood pressure.

Take certain medicines or supplements, including stimulants, certain antibiotics, asthma medicines, and heart medicines.
Check with your health care provider about whether there might be interactions between caffeine and any medicines and supplements that you take.

WHAT IS CAFFEINE WITHDRAWAL?
If you have been consuming caffeine on a regular basis and then suddenly stop, you may have caffeine withdrawal.
Symptoms can include:
• Headaches
• Drowsiness
• Irritability
• Nausea
• Trouble concentrating

HOW DOES CAFFEINE AFFECT PEOPLE?
Caffeine is classified as a drug because it stimulates the central nervous system.

It can make people feel more alert and energetic, and has similar effects in kids and adults.
Foods and drinks with caffeine are everywhere, but it's wise to keep caffeine consumption to a minimum, especially in younger kids.

In both kids and adults, too much caffeine can cause:
• jitters and nervousness
• upset stomach
• headaches
• problems with concentration
• trouble sleeping
• faster heart rate
• higher blood pressure

Especially in young kids, it doesn't take a lot of caffeine to produce these effects.

WHAT OTHER PROBLEMS CAN HAPPEN?
Here are some other reasons to limit kids' caffeine consumption:
Caffeinated drinks, like cola, coffee beverages, and energy drinks, often contain empty calories.
Kids and teens who fill up on them get lots of calories without the vitamins and minerals they need.

For example, they don’t contain the calcium kids need from milk to build strong bones and teeth. And too many sweetened drinks can lead to extra weight gain.

Abruptly stopping caffeine may cause withdrawal symptoms (like headaches, low energy, and irritability), especially for those who consume a lot of it.
Caffeine can make heart problems or anxiety worse, and some kids might not know that they're at risk.

Heavy caffeine use is associated with other unhealthy behaviors, like tobacco and alcohol abuse.

WHAT IS CAFFEINE SENSITIVITY?
Caffeine sensitivity refers to the amount of caffeine that will cause an effect in someone.
Caffeine sensitivity is mostly related to daily caffeine intake, but the smaller the person, the less caffeine is needed to produce side effects.
Kids are more sensitive to caffeine than adults.

People who regularly drink beverages containing caffeine soon become less sensitive to it.
This means they need more caffeine to achieve the same effects as someone who drinks less caffeine.

So, the more caffeine you get, the more caffeine you’ll need to feel the same effects.
The effects of caffeine last up to 6 hours.

WHAT FOODS AND DRINKS HAVE CAFFEINE?
Caffeine is naturally produced in the leaves and seeds of many plants.
It's also made artificially and added to some foods.
Kids get most of their caffeine from sodas, but it's also found in energy drinks, coffee, tea, chocolate, coffee ice cream, and some pain relievers and other over-the-counter medicines.

Here's how some sources of caffeine compare:
• Jolt soft drink, 12 oz., 71.2 mg
• Mountain Dew, 12 oz., 55 mg
• Coca-Cola, 12 oz., 34 mg
• Diet Coke, 12 oz., 45 mg
• Pepsi, 12 oz., 38 mg
• brewed coffee (drip method), 5 oz., 115 mg*
• iced tea, 12 oz., 70 mg*
• dark chocolate, 1 oz., 20 mg*
• milk chocolate, 1 oz., 6 mg*
• cocoa beverage, 5 oz., 4 mg*
• chocolate milk beverage, 8 oz., 5 mg*
• cold relief medicine, 1 tablet, 30 mg*
• *average amount of caffeine, ,

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CAFFEINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

CAFFEINE Property Name Property Value Reference CAFFEINE Molecular Weight 194.19 g/mol CAFFEINE XLogP3 -0.1 CAFFEINE Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 CAFFEINE Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3 CAFFEINE Rotatable Bond Count 0 CAFFEINE Exact Mass 194.080376 g/mol CAFFEINE Monoisotopic Mass 194.080376 g/mol CAFFEINE Topological Polar Surface Area 58.4 Å² CAFFEINE Heavy Atom Count 14 CAFFEINE Formal Charge 0 CAFFEINE Complexity 293 CAFFEINE Isotope Atom Count 0 CAFFEINE Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 CAFFEINE Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 CAFFEINE Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 CAFFEINE Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 CAFFEINE Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 CAFFEINE Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug.Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptors and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system. Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia and South America,and helps to protect them against predator insects and to prevent germination of nearby seeds.The most well-known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, the seed of the Coffea plant. People may drink beverages containing caffeine to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve cognitive performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are very popular; as of 2014, 85% of American adults consumed some form of caffeine daily, consuming 164 mg on average. Caffeine can have both positive and negative health effects. It can treat and prevent the premature infant breathing disorders bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity and apnea of prematurity. Caffeine citrate is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases,including Parkinson's disease.Some people experience sleep disruption or anxiety if they consume caffeine, but others show little disturbance. Evidence of a risk during pregnancy is equivocal; some authorities recommend that pregnant women limit caffeine to the equivalent of two cups of coffee per day or less.Caffeine can produce a mild form of drug dependence - associated with withdrawal symptoms such as sleepiness, headache, and irritability - when an individual stops using caffeine after repeated daily intake.Tolerance to the autonomic effects of increased blood pressure and heart rate, and increased urine output, develops with chronic use (i.e., these symptoms become less pronounced or do not occur following consistent use). Caffeine is classified by the US Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than the typical dose of under 500 milligrams per day.A cup of coffee contains 80-175 mg of caffeine, depending on what "bean" (seed) is used, how it is roasted (darker roasts have less caffeine), and how it is prepared (e.g., drip, percolation, or espresso). Thus it requires roughly 50-100 ordinary cups of coffee to reach the toxic dose. However, pure powdered caffeine, which is available as a dietary supplement, can be lethal in tablespoon-sized amounts. Contents 1 Use -CAFFEINE 1.1 Medical -CAFFEINE 1.2 Enhancing performance ->CAFFEINE 1.3 Specific populations ->CAFFEINE 2 Adverse effects ->CAFFEINE 2.1 Physical ->CAFFEINE 2.2 Psychological ->CAFFEINE 2.3 Reinforcement disorders ->CAFFEINE 2.4 Risk of other diseases ->CAFFEINE 3 Overdose ->CAFFEINE 4 Interactions ->CAFFEINE 4.1 Alcohol ->CAFFEINE 4.2 Tobacco ->CAFFEINE 4.3 Birth control ->CAFFEINE 4.4 Medications ->CAFFEINE 5 Pharmacology ->CAFFEINE 5.1 Pharmacodynamics ->CAFFEINE 5.2 Pharmacokinetics ->CAFFEINE 6 Chemistry ->CAFFEINE 6.1 Synthesis ->CAFFEINE 6.2 Decaffeination ->CAFFEINE 6.3 Detection in body fluids ->CAFFEINE 6.4 Analogs ->CAFFEINE 6.5 Precipitation of tannins ->CAFFEINE 7 Natural occurrence ->CAFFEINE 8 Products ->CAFFEINE 8.1 Beverages ->CAFFEINE 8.2 Chocolate ->CAFFEINE 8.3 Tablets ->CAFFEINE 8.4 Other oral products ->CAFFEINE 8.5 Inhalants ->CAFFEINE 8.6 Combinations with other drugs ->CAFFEINE 9 History ->CAFFEINE 9.1 Discovery and spread of use ->CAFFEINE 9.2 Chemical identification, isolation, and synthesis ->CAFFEINE 9.3 Historic regulations ->CAFFEINE 10 Society and culture ->CAFFEINE 10.1 Regulations ->CAFFEINE 10.2 Consumption ->CAFFEINE 10.3 Religions ->CAFFEINE 11 Other organisms ->CAFFEINE 12 Research ->CAFFEINE Medical ->CAFFEINE Main article: Caffeine citrate Caffeine is used in: Some people use caffeine-containing beverages such as coffee or tea to try to treat their asthma.Evidence to support this practice, however, is poor.It appears that caffeine improves airway function in people with asthma, increasing forced expiratory volume (FEV1) by 5% to 18%, with this effect lasting for up to four hours.The addition of caffeine (100-130 mg) to commonly prescribed pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen modestly improves the proportion of people who achieve pain relief.Enhancing performance Cognitive Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that reduces fatigue and drowsiness.At normal doses, caffeine has variable effects on learning and memory, but it generally improves reaction time, wakefulness, concentration, and motor coordination.The amount of caffeine needed to produce these effects varies from person to person, depending on body size and degree of tolerance.The desired effects arise approximately one hour after consumption, and the desired effects of a moderate dose usually subside after about three or four hours.Caffeine can delay or prevent sleep and improves task performance during sleep deprivation.Shift workers who use caffeine make fewer mistakes due to drowsiness.A systematic review and meta-analysis from 2014 found that concurrent caffeine and l-theanine use has synergistic psychoactive effects that promote alertness, attention, and task switching;these effects are most pronounced during the first hour post-dose. Physical ->CAFFEINE Caffeine is a proven ergogenic aid in humans.Caffeine improves athletic performance in aerobic (especially endurance sports) and anaerobic conditions.Moderate doses of caffeine (around 5 mg/kg) can improve sprint performance,cycling and running time trial performance,endurance (i.e., it delays the onset of muscle fatigue and central fatigue), and cycling power output. Caffeine increases basal metabolic rate in adults.Caffeine improves muscular strength and power,and may enhance muscular endurance.Caffeine also enhances performance on anaerobic tests. Caffeine consumption before constant load exercise is associated with reduced perceived exertion. While this effect is not present during exercise-to-exhaustion exercise, performance is significantly enhanced. This is congruent with caffeine reducing perceived exertion, because exercise-to-exhaustion should end at the same point of fatigue.Caffeine also improves power output and reduces time to completion in aerobic time trials, an effect positively (but not exclusively) associated with longer duration exercise. Specific populations ->CAFFEINE Adults For the general population of healthy adults, Health Canada advises a daily intake of no more than 400 mg.This limit was found to be safe by a 2017 systematic review on caffeine toxicology.Children ->CAFFEINEIn healthy children, moderate caffeine intake under 400 mg produces effects that are "modest and typically innocuous".Higher doses of caffeine (>400 mg) can cause physiological, psychological and behavioral harm, particularly for children with psychiatric or cardiac conditions.There is no evidence that coffee stunts a child's growth.The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that caffeine consumption is not appropriate for children and adolescents and should be avoided.This recommendation is based on a clinical report released by American Academy of Pediatrics in 2011 with a review of 45 publications from 1994 to 2011 and includes inputs from various stakeholders (Pediatricians, Committee on nutrition, Canadian Pediatric Society, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, Sports Medicine & Fitness committee, National Federations of High School Associations).For children age 12 and under, Health Canada recommends a maximum daily caffeine intake of no more than 2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. Based on average body weights of children, this translates to the following age-based intake limits:Age range Maximum recommended daily caffeine intake 4-6 45 mg (slightly more than in 12 oz of a typical caffeinated soft drink) 7-9 62.5 mg 10-12 85 mg (about ½ cup of coffee) AdolescentsHealth Canada has not developed advice for adolescents because of insufficient data. However, they suggest that daily caffeine intake for this age group be no more than 2.5 mg/kg body weight. This is because the maximum adult caffeine dose may not be appropriate for light-weight adolescents or for younger adolescents who are still growing. The daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight would not cause adverse health effects in the majority of adolescent caffeine consumers. This is a conservative suggestion since older and heavier weight adolescents may be able to consume adult doses of caffeine without suffering adverse effects.Pregnancy and breastfeeding The metabolism of caffeine is reduced in pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, and the half life of caffeine during pregnancy can be increased up to 15 hours (as compared to 2.5 to 4.5 hours in non-pregnant adults).Current evidence regarding the effects of caffeine on pregnancy and for breastfeeding are inconclusive.There is limited primary and secondary advice for, or against, caffeine use during pregnancy and its effects on the fetus or newborn.The UK Food Standards Agency has recommended that pregnant women should limit their caffeine intake, out of prudence, to less than 200 mg of caffeine a day - the equivalent of two cups of instant coffee, or one and a half to two cups of fresh coffee.The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) concluded in 2010 that caffeine consumption is safe up to 200 mg per day in pregnant women.For women who breastfeed, are pregnant, or may become pregnant, Health Canada recommends a maximum daily caffeine intake of no more than 300 mg, or a little over two 8 oz (237 mL) cups of coffee.A 2017 systematic review on caffeine toxicology found evidence supporting that caffeine consumption up to 300 mg/day for pregnant women is generally not associated with adverse reproductive or developmental effect. There are conflicting reports in the scientific literature about caffeine use during pregnancy.A 2011 review found that caffeine during pregnancy does not appear to increase the risk of congenital malformations, miscarriage or growth retardation even when consumed in moderate to high amounts.Other reviews, however, concluded that there is some evidence that higher caffeine intake by pregnant women may be associated with a higher risk of giving birth to a low birth weight baby,and may be associated with a higher risk of pregnancy loss.A systematic review, analyzing the results of observational studies, suggests that women who consume large amounts of caffeine (greater than 300 mg/day) prior to becoming pregnant may have a higher risk of experiencing pregnancy loss. Adverse effects ->CAFFEINE Physical Coffee and caffeine can affect gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion.Caffeine in low doses may cause weak bronchodilation for up to four hours in asthmatics.In postmenopausal women, high caffeine consumption can accelerate bone loss. Acute ingestion of caffeine in large doses (at least 250-300 mg, equivalent to the amount found in 2-3 cups of coffee or 5-8 cups of tea) results in a short-term stimulation of urine output in individuals who have been deprived of caffeine for a period of days or weeks. This increase is due to both a diuresis (increase in water excretion) and a natriuresis (increase in saline excretion); it is mediated via proximal tubular adenosine receptor blockade.The acute increase in urinary output may increase the risk of dehydration. However, chronic users of caffeine develop a tolerance to this effect and experience no increase in urinary output. Psychological ->CAFFEINE Minor undesired symptoms from caffeine ingestion not sufficiently severe to warrant a psychiatric diagnosis are common and include mild anxiety, jitteriness, insomnia, increased sleep latency, and reduced coordination.Caffeine can have negative effects on anxiety disorders.According to a 2011 literature review, caffeine use is positively associated with anxiety and panic disorders.At high doses, typically greater than 300 mg, caffeine can both cause and worsen anxiety.For some people, discontinuing caffeine use can significantly reduce anxiety.In moderate doses, caffeine has been associated with reduced symptoms of depression and lower suicide risk. Reinforcement disorders ->CAFFEINE Addiction Whether caffeine can result in an addictive disorder depends on how addiction is defined. Compulsive caffeine consumption under any circumstances has not been observed, and caffeine is therefore not generally considered addictive.However, some diagnostic models, such as the ICDM-9 and ICD-10, include a classification of caffeine addiction under a broader diagnostic model.Some state that certain users can become addicted and therefore unable to decrease use even though they know there are negative health effects. Caffeine does not appear to be a reinforcing stimulus, and some degree of aversion may actually occur, with people preferring placebo over caffeine in a study on drug abuse liability published in an NIDA research monograph.Some state that research does not provide support for an underlying biochemical mechanism for caffeine addiction.Other research states it can affect the reward system. "Caffeine addiction" was added to the ICDM-9 and ICD-10. However, its addition was contested with claims that this diagnostic model of caffeine addiction is not supported by evidence.The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 does not include the diagnosis of a caffeine addiction but proposes criteria for the disorder for more study. Dependence and withdrawal Main article: Caffeine dependence See also: Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder, caffeine-induced sleep disorder, and caffeinism Withdrawal can cause mild to clinically significant distress or impairment in daily functioning. The frequency at which this occurs is self-reported at 11%, but in lab tests only half of the people who report withdrawal actually experience it, casting doubt on many claims of dependence.Mild physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms may occur upon abstinence, with greater than 100 mg caffeine per day, although these symptoms last no longer than a day.Some symptoms associated with psychological dependence may also occur during withdrawal.The diagnostic criteria for caffeine withdrawal require a previous prolonged daily use of caffeine.Following 24 hours of a marked reduction in consumption, a minimum of 3 of these signs or symptoms is required to meet withdrawal criteria: difficulty concentrating, depressed mood/irritability, flu-like symptoms, headache, and fatigue.Additionally, the signs and symptoms must disrupt important areas of functioning and are not associated with effects of another condition

ACETIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT; CALCIUM ACETATE; Calcium acetate-dried; CALCIUM DIACETATE; FEMA 2228; MAGGRAN(R) CA; MAGNESIA 87219; acetatedecalcium; Aceticacid,calciunsalt; brownacetate; brownacetateoflime[qr]; grayacetate; grayacetateoflime[qr]; limeacetate; limepyrolignite; sorbo-calcion; teltozan; vinegarsalts; CALCIUM ACETATE EXTRA PURE, FCC, E 263; CALCIUM ACETATE HYDRATE PURE CAS NO:62-54-4

Calcined Kaolin is produced when raw kaolin or more popularly known as Clay or China Clay is fired enough to reduce its crystalline water content via a process known as Calcination.

CAS Number: 92704-41-1
EC Number: 296-473-8
Molecular Formula: Al2O3.2SiO2; Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O

Cal Kaolin, Meta Kaolin, Kaoline, Polestar 200R, Calcined Kaolin, Calcination kaolin, Calcined kaolin, Kaolin,calcined, Satintone 1, M 100 (clay), Tuboryl N, PoleStar 200R, Nuopaque, Ansilex 90, Alphatex, Satintone Special, M 100, Satintone Whitetex, Satintone 5, Ansilex 93, Deltatex, Kaocal, Satintone SP 33, SP 33, Satintone, Ansilex, Satintone W/W, Satintone W, Glomax LL, Molochite, Altowhite TE, SP33 (clay), Whitetex, PoleStar 200P, Hycal, Satintone 5HB, PoleStar 400, Satintone 100, PD 30, PD 30 (clay), Metasial C, Hubertex, M 02-023, MXK 101, MXK 201, MXK 301, MXK 402, AT 01, MXK 401, AT 01 (clay), Polyfil WC, Huber 2000C, 2000C, 2000C (clay), G 1002, Kaocal 50, Metabrite CM 70, MXK 201A, Britex 98, Huber 80C, BM-V 60, HS 801A, Baixue 90, AGX 19, AGX 19BM, MKo (clay), MKo, HY-T 80, DB 80, HA 90, MXK 101A, K 88, K 88 (clay), CK 400, Liteball 14/40, Omyacarb 10LU, BR 95, BR 95 (clay), HPF 400, DG 80, TZJ 1, Kaopolite 1168, JYB 60, YD-A 2, Burgess CB, GY 915, KO 0298, Satintone Clay 5A, KaMinTex, JYQK 95, MIKAO 98-02, Jingyang BR 80, BR 80, Huber 100C, NCCP 1000, Britex 95, Britex 96, KaMin 100C, P 200R, C 98, JYA 15, SX 80A, MKX 201, DG 95, G 311, KB 250, 39388-40-4, 1505447-37-9, 1505447-47-1, 1505447-71-1

Calcined Kaolin is an anhydrous aluminium silicate produced by heating natural china clay to high temperatures in a kiln.
This calcination process gives an increase in hardness and alters the particle shape of the kaolin.
When calcination occurs at around 700°C, the dehydroxylation of the kaolin is complete, forming a partially crystalline metakaolin.

Fully calcined products with an amorphous defect spinel structure are formed above 980°C.
Fully calcined kaolin can be treated with silane to give a particle surface capable of chemically coupling with the polymer.
Kaolin is one of the most indispensable fillers in the paint industry; a natural clay raw material, containing Ca and Na.

It is a raw material characterized by kaolinite mineral.
In industrial use, it is included as calcined in the production part under kaolin.
The raw materials in which kaolinite is enriched and used in kaolinitic and others are included in clay raw materials.

The brightness, corrosivity, viscosity and grain size distribution- max grain size-shape and the rheology (water + clay behavior) of these kaolins are very important.
All these properties are determined by the conditions of formation of kaolin and improved by post-production processes.

Calcined Kaolin or Calcined Clay is also called as Metakaolin or Chamotte.
Calcined Kaolin is an anhydrous aluminium silicate, a white powdered non-plastic material.
Calcined kaolin which is a hydrous, thermally structured aluminum silicate, produced by heating ultra-fine natural kaolin at a very high temperature.

The calcination process changes the shape of kaolin particle and increases its hardness.
During the calcination process of kaolin, dehydroxylation takes place and leads to the formation of METAKAOLIN, which is a highly reactive substance.
When kaolin is completely calcined, it leads to the formation of an amorphous defect spinal structure, which helps to contribute opacity to end product application.

Calcined Kaolin can also be used to replace and substitute TiO2 from 15 to 25%, in a number of applications.
Calcined kaolin has a low surface hydroxyl content which leads to low moisture pick up.
Therefore, Calcined Kaolin performs excellently in moisture sensitive applications.

Calcined kaolin is refractory and softens at about cone 35.
Calcined Kaolin is thus useful in refractory castables and furniture, thermal insulation bodies, low expansion bodies, permeable ceramic compositions, and investment casting.

If you are a potter you can make your own calcined kaolin by simply bisque firing any raw powdered kaolin (in a small enough bisque vessel and slow enough ramp that the heat penetrates well).
Actually, roasting the powder at red heat is sufficient to destroy the plasticity.

The material is a good example of how we can alter the mineralogy of a material to affect Calcined Kaolin's working properties while maintaining the chemistry to retain fired properties.
Calcined Kaolin is produced by calcining (firing, sintering) kaolin clay or kaolinite rock (flint clay).

Calcination is mainly carried out in rotary kilns, but also in shaft kilns, ring kilns and tunnel kilns.
There are chamottes with different alumina contents and correspondingly different refractoriness.
Depending on the chemical composition, different levels of corrosion and acid resistance are achieved.

Fireclay can be supplied as a raw material in a fineness of 0 to 25 mm or 0 to 50 mm, but also in finished refractory grain sizes and finenesses.
Calcined Kaolin is often under-utilized in traditional ceramics.
Kaolin is pure clay mineral, having a fired chemistry of 1 part Al2O3 and 2 parts SiO2.

But the raw Kaolin clay crystals are hydrated, with 12% crystal-bound water.
This is the secret to their plasticity.
Al2O3 is essential to the chemistry of the vast majority of glazes and kaolin is ideal source material (because all glazes also need the SiO2 that it supplies and it readily decomposes in the melt).

The other principle affordable and readily meltable supplier of Al2O3 are feldspars, however they also supply lots of KNaO (and in many cases oversupply it to get the needed Al2O3).
Raw Kaolin also supplies suspension to the glaze slurry and it hardens the dry glaze layer.

However once raw kaolin percentages pass 20% in a recipe shrinkages can be to high (causing crawling).
In these cases substituting part of the raw kaolin for calcined material solves the problem, maintaining the chemistry of the glaze but reducing the shrinkage and cracking.

In other words, by substituting some of the raw kaolin for calcined the physical properties of the glaze slurry can be controlled without impacting the chemistry of the fired melt.
Of course, mixing the raw and calcined materials must take into account the LOI of the raw material (12% less calcined is needed).

Calcined Kaolin is a powdered white non-plastic material.
Calcined Kaolin is raw kaolin which has been fired (in a rotary calcining kiln) high enough to remove the 12% (approx) crystal water.
Calcined Kaolin is a good example of how we can alter the mineralogy of a material to affect its working properties while maintaining the chemistry to maintain fired properties.

The process by which Kaolin clay material is processed (approximately 1400 degrees C) creates what is known as calcined Kaolin (chamotte).
Have you ever thought about the white, powdery substance that’s used in everything from ceramics and paper to paint and coatings?
You may be surprised to learn that it’s actually known as calcined kaolin powder, a versatile material with a wide range of unique properties.

From Calcined Kaolin's thermal stability to its particle size distribution, this substance is a game-changer in multiple industries.
So, buckle up and get ready to dive into the world of calcined kaolin powder and discover its significance in various applications that may surprise you!
Calcined Kaolin is a white clay-like mineral widely used for paper and ceramics.

Despite its similarities, calcined Kaolin undergoes a unique process to achieve its unique properties.
The process involves heating the kaolin to a high temperature, which alters its chemistry, making Calcined Kaolin more suitable for various applications.
Calcined kaolin is a powdered white non-plastic material.

Calcined Kaolin is raw kaolin that has been fired (in a rotary calcining kiln) high enough to remove the crystal water.
Calcined kaolin is useful in tuning the shrinkage and plasticity of slips (engobes) which are applied to wet, leather hard or dry ware.
Calcined Kaolin is an anhydrous aluminium silicate produced by heating ultrafine natural kaolin to high temperatures in a kiln.

The calcination process increases whiteness and hardness, improves electrical properties, and alters the size and shape of the kaolin particles.
Calcined kaolin are produced from highly refined kaolin through grind, calcination and Classification.
Calcined Kaolin has high purity and the quality is stabled.

Calcined Kaolin offers superfine particle and with excellent anti-settling property.
Calcined Kaolin can easily disperse in water based systems.
Calcined Kaolin is inert to most acids and alkaline at Ambient temperature and offers good anticorrosive capabilities.

Calcined kaolins are fired to a temperature high enough to effect loss of crystal water (and accompanying mineral change).
Calcined kaolin normally converts to mullite during this process.
Calcined kaolin is valuable in glaze formulations that contain high amounts of kaolin to source alumina, and which are thus subject to shrinkage and cracking-during-drying problems.

By substituting some of the raw kaolin for calcined (such as Glomax), the physical properties of the glaze slurry can be controlled without impacting the chemistry of the fired melt.
Mixing the two materials must of course take into account that raw kaolin has a 14-15% loss on ignition (or LOI) that the calcined material does not.

Calcined Kaolin, also known as Metakaolin, is a processed form of kaolin clay that has been heated at high temperatures (typically between 600 and 800 degrees Celsius) to remove water and other volatile compounds.
This calcination process alters the physical and chemical properties of kaolin, making Calcined Kaolin suitable for various applications in the construction industry.

Calcined kaolin is also useful in tuning the shrinkage and plasticity of slips which are applied to wet, leather hard or dry ware.
Because their shrinkage is very low, they can be substituted for part of the regular kaolin and there will likewise be minimal impact on the fired properties.

Calcined Kaolin has a variety of other uses in products including paint, rubber, cable insulation, specialty films and fertilizers.
Calcined kaolin is made from kaolin material.
Kaolin divided into from industry: Hard kaolin, Soft kaolin, Sandy clay.

Calcined kaolin is calcined to a certain temperature deep-processing products in the calciner.
Calcined kaolin is calcined during dehydration and the volatiles were removed.
Fired at different temperatures with different physical properties.

Calcined Kaolin is mainly used for manufacturing high-quality refractory products, refractory castable, sagger, firebrick, kiln furniture, crucibles, ceramic fiber, precision casting sand, ceramics products, etc.
Calcined Kaolin can easily disperse in water based systems.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CALCINED KAOLIN:
Calcined kaolin-based pigments for paper coatings,extenders and fillers, are ideally suited for replacing Titanium Dioxide or other less cost-effective extender pigments while maintaining brightness,opacity and print-through resistance.
Calcined kaolin is useful in tuning the shrinkage and plasticity of slips applied to wet, leather hard or dry ware.

Because of its low shrinkage from firing out the water crystal, calcined kaolin is used in castable refractories/molds, and low expansion clay bodies.
Calcined Kaolin is one of the oldest and most widely used refractory products.
Calcined Kaolin is used as moulding sand in foundries and for acid-resistant bricks.

Calcined Kaolin can also be used in the manufacture of paints or paper.
Calcined kaolin is used as a functional extender in paint.
Calcined kaolin has proven to be an excellent extender for titanium dioxide (white) pigment in paint.

Because Kaolin is chemically inert, has high covering power, gives desirable flow properties and reduces the amount of expensive pigments required.
Calcined kaolins are also useful in tuning the shrinkage and plasticity of slips (engobes) which are applied to wet or leather-hard ware.
Engobes contain higher clay percentages than glazes and Calcined Kaolin is more important to control their drying shrinkage.

Thus, like for glazes, they can be substituted for part of the raw kaolin to tune drying while maintaining fired properties.
Calcined Kaolin can be used in ceramics.
Calcined Kaolin’s major property is that it is refractory.

Calcined Kaolin softens at about cone 35 and it thus useful in refractory castables and furniture, thermal insulation bodies, low expansion bodies, permeable ceramic compositions, and investment casting.
Calcined Kaolin is also very useful in tuning the shrinkage and plasticity of slips (engobes) which are applied to wet, leather hard or dry ware.

Engobes contain higher clay percentages than glazes and Calcined Kaolin is more important to control their drying shrinkage.
As with glazes, they can be substituted for part of the regular kaolin to tune drying while maintaining fired properties.
Calcined Kaolin is essentially a white mineral used quite often in the creation of porcelain and certain types of ceramics.

In paper industry: Calcined kaolin are widely used paper coatings and fillers.
In rubber industry: Calcined Kaolin is mainly use as a Reinforcing agent and filler used, rubber product can be improved Solvent resistance and abrasion resistance.

Calcined kaolin is used in Paint, Plastic, Rubber, Polymer, Paper, Adhesive, and Ceramic industries.
Calcined Kaolin is mainly used in the fields such as paint, paper, rubber, engineering plastic, cable, ink to replace TiO2 and cut cost.
While kaolin clay is widely used in its “raw” form, heat treating kaolin to produce metakaolin and other forms of calcined kaolin further increases its usability and creates an engineered product.

Calcination can enhance or alter a variety of the mineral’s properties to produce a material with characteristics suited to a given application.
This might include improving the hydrophobicity and abrasiveness of the material, or even enhancing optical or electrical characteristics.
The heat treatment process makes calcined kaolins X-ray amorphous, but they substantially retain their kaolin shape and are used extensively in the pharmaceutical, power cable insulation, extruded profile and film industries.

Interfacial fusion during calcination decreases the aspect ratio and gives them an inert surface.
They also give excellent electrical insulation performance and low dielectric loss due to the lack of crystallinity .
Calcine Kaolin is used pharmaceutical rubber, profile extrusion, thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPV's), rubber cable, high quality rubber flooring, hose, polyurethane sealants, thermal barrier film, antiblock film, seals & gaskets, plasticised PVC cable.

Calcined kaolin used as a functional extender in paint formulations, for cost performance, improves opacity and find application in partial replacement of titanium dioxide.
Calcined Kaolin is a type of clay that is made by heating natural kaolin at high temperatures.

Calcined Kaolina versatile mineral that has a wide range of applications in various industries.
One of the main advantages of calcined kaolin is its unique properties, such as its excellent whiteness, chemical stability, low abrasiveness, which make it suitable for use in a variety of applications.

Some common uses of calcined kaolin include in the paper industry, where it’s used as a coating material to enhance the quality of paper.
Calcined Kaolin is also used in the ceramics industry, where it’s added to clay to improve its strength and shrinkage.
The paint and coating industry also uses Calcined Kaolin as a functional filler to improve the properties of paint and coatings.

In the plastics industry, calcined kaolin is added to plastics to improve their mechanical and thermal properties.
The rubber industry uses Calcined Kaolin as a reinforcing filler to improve the strength of rubber products.
Calcined Kaolin is also used as an additive to enhance the properties of concrete, mortar, and other construction materials in the construction industry.

Consequently, Calcined Kaolin has a wide range of applications in various industries, which make it an extremely versatile and valuable material.
The unique properties of this mineral make Calcined Kaolin an ideal filler, coating material, and additive in a diverse range of products.
Calcined kaolin is used or glaze recipes that contain excessive, high-shrinkage ingredients like clay, bentonite, Gerstley borate, or magnesium carbonate, a portion of the recipe's kaolin can be replaced by calcined (pre-fired) kaolin to prevent applied glaze cracking and consequent crawling in the fired glaze.

Calcined Kaolin pigment can be applied in latex paint, powder coating and electrophoresis coating, filing, paper making industry, ceramic, rubber, and plastic.
Calcined Kaolin is one of the most important functional pigment extender based on natural industrial mineral .

Calcined Kaolin is washed and scrubbed form of anhydrous kaolin, which is processed under high temperature and pressurized calcination reactors.
Particle shape and size, whiteness, hardness and electrical properties can be adjusted during calcination process.
Paint,paper,plastics and rubber segments are main industries in which calcined kaolin is used as a pigment extender to save titanium dioxide.

Very low humidity parameters, ultra fine particle distribution, high volume resistivity functions, easy dispersion properties, flame retardant properties, let polymer processors to save so many cost utensils, like carbon black
Some common uses of calcined kaolin include in the paper industry, where it’s used as a coating material to enhance the quality of paper.

-In plastics and cable industry uses of Calcined Kaolin:
Plastics can effectively improve the strength and modulus of resistance.
Without reducing the ductility and impact strength.
Calcined Kaolin can also improve the performance of products.

-In polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable insulation outer:
PVC plastic product can exponentially increase the volume resistivityAnd inexpensive,
In the PVC flooring, Calcined Kaolin can improve performance and surface gloss

-In nylon:
Calcined Kaolin is used to improve its deflection and tensile strength,
Calcined Kaolin is in film and tape used as an Anti-clogging agent, In plastic sheeting to use as adsorbent, etc.

-Synthetic zeolite:
New uses of china clay are in the manufacture of synthetic zeolites.
Calcined clay is used as a source of alumina and silica to produce synthetic zeolites.
Synthetic zeolites are used in the refineries and petrochemical industries as molecular sieves.
This use is becoming widely used.

-Paint Extender:
Calcined Kaolin is used as a functional extender in paint.
Calcined kaolin has proven to be an excellent extender for titanium dioxide (white) pigment in paint.

This is because Calcined Kaolin is chemically inert, has high covering power, gives desirable flow properties and reduces the amount of expensive pigments required.
Calcined Kaolin's hardness also improves physical durability of the paint film and its burnish resistance.

-Paints production:
Better opacity and whiteness make Calcined Kaolin a great extender for titanium dioxide.
The hard Calcined Kaolin particles help to improve the structural strength of a coating, and also the scrub-resistance of both water and oil-based paints.

They also add corrosion-resistance and fire-resistant properties to the paint.
The disadvantage is the cost.
Calcination and the subsequent milling of the hard calcined particles both require a lot of energy.

This makes calcined kaolin around three times more expensive than hydrous kaolin.
However Calcined Kaolin is still less than half the price of titanium dioxide.
So Calcined Kaolin is still a good option as an extender, particularly in paints above CPVC (critical pigment volume concentration).

-Ceramics industry:
Good whiteness of Calcined Kaolin is useful in ceramics too.
However the most useful property to the ceramist is the fact that calcined kaolin is already calcined.

Hence Calcined Kaolin will have no plasticity and there will be no expansion or contraction of this material.
Calcined Kaolin imparts mechanical strength plus and a fine white surface texture.
It is easy to tell Calcined Kaolin from hydrous kaolin by looking at their data sheets.

Just look at the LOI (Loss on Ignition) value.
For water-washed kaolin it is around 13%, but for calcined kaolin it will be zero. The LOI test basically calcines the kaolin.
Hence the LOI is the percentage mass lost due to the loss of the waters of crystallisation.

-Rubber and plastics industry:
Calcined Kaolin is widely used as a filler in rubber and plastics.
Calcined Kaolin will helps impart tensile strength.
Therefore, Calcined Kaolin is a reinforcing filler instead of being non-reinforcing like hydrous kaolin.

The fire-resistant property of Calcined Kaolin plus the fact that it is an electrical insulator is especially useful in the plastic covering of electric cables.
Calcined Kaolin also imparts uv-resistance which is why it is often added to greenhouse film and garden furniture.

-Pesticides:
Calcined Kaolin has an unexpected usage, as a pesticide.
When sprayed onto fruit, the fine sharp calcined kaolin particles deter pests by getting into their joints and irritating them.

At the same time it reflects the sun and acts as a sunscreen.
Calcined Kaolin has may other important applications like its usage in paper coating and in petrochemical catalysts.
Calcined Kaolin is an interesting product.

Calcined Kaolin have been universally used in water base paints because of their excellent balance of properties and cost performance.
Calcined Kaolin is also finds in various industries like paints, paper, rubber, printing ink, detergent and ceramic industries.
Calcined Kaolin is in a high demand in the global market.

-Paper Industry uses of Calcined Kaolin:
The primary use of Calcined Kaolin is in the paper industry.
Calcined Kaolin serves as a paper coating which improves appearance by contributing to brightness, smoothness and gloss.
Calcined Kaolin also improves printability.
Additionally, Calcined Kaolin is used by the paper industry as a filler reducing cost and the use of tree-based resources.

-China, Porcelain and Tableware uses of Calcined Kaolin:
Many people are under the mistaken impression that the only use for kaolin is in the manufacture of china.
This is not true, and Calcined Kaolin's use by the paper industry far exceeds its other uses.
However, Calcined Kaolin still serves as a valuable component in china and other tablewares.
Calcined Kaolin's color, gloss and hardness are ideal characteristics for such products.

THE COMMON APPLICATIONS AND USES OF CALCINED KAOLIN IN CONSTRUCTION:
*Cement and Concrete:
Calcined kaolin can be used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in the production of cement and concrete.
When added to cement or concrete mixtures, Calcined Kaolin enhances the strength, durability, and workability of the material.

Calcined Kaolin acts as a pozzolan, reacting with calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration process of cement to form additional cementitious compounds, resulting in improved performance and reduced environmental impact.

*Mortars and Grouts:
Calcined kaolin is often used in the formulation of mortars and grouts to improve their workability, reduce shrinkage, and enhance adhesion.
Calcined Kaolin acts as a filler, providing a smoother consistency to the mixture and reducing the amount of water required for proper hydration.

*Geopolymer Concrete:
Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional cement-based concrete that uses a binder composed of aluminosilicate materials.
Calcined kaolin, with its high aluminum content, can serve as a valuable precursor for geopolymer binders, helping to create strong and environmentally friendly construction materials.

*Surface Coatings:
Calcined kaolin is widely used in the production of paint, coatings, and sealants for construction applications.
Calcined Kaolin acts as an extender pigment, enhancing the opacity, brightness, and durability of the coatings.
Calcined Kaolin also contributes to improved rheology and reduced cracking.

*Fiber Cement Products:
Fiber cement boards, tiles, and panels are widely used in the construction industry due to their durability and fire resistance.
Calcined kaolin is added to the formulation of fiber cement products as a filler, providing improved strength, dimensional stability, and resistance to weathering.

*Ceramic and Porcelain Tiles:
Calcined kaolin is utilized in the manufacturing of ceramic and porcelain tiles to enhance their strength, whiteness, and firing characteristics.
Calcined Kaolin improves the workability of the clay mixture, reduces shrinkage during firing, and helps achieve a smooth and glossy finish.

*Insulating Materials:
Calcined kaolin can be incorporated into insulating materials, such as thermal insulation boards, refractories, and firebricks, due to its high melting point, low thermal conductivity, and good resistance to high temperatures.

*Road Construction:
Calcined kaolin can be used in road construction as an additive to bituminous materials, such as asphalt, to enhance their stability, durability, and resistance to rutting and cracking.

USES OF CALCINED KAOLIN OTHER THAN CONSTRUCTION:
Calcined kaolin , apart from its applications in the construction industry, finds utility in several other fields.
Here are some additional uses of calcined kaolin:

*Ceramics and Refractories:
Calcined kaolin is extensively used in the ceramics industry as a component in the production of ceramic bodies and glazes.
Calcined Kaolin improves the strength, whiteness, and thermal stability of ceramic materials.
Additionally, Calcined Kaolin is employed in the manufacturing of refractory bricks and castables due to its high melting point and resistance to heat.

*Paper and Packaging:
Calcined kaolin is utilized as a filler and coating pigment in the paper and packaging industry.
Calcined Kaolin enhances the smoothness, brightness, opacity, and printability of paper products.
Calcined Kaolin also improves the ink absorption properties and reduces ink bleed, resulting in sharper printed images.

*Paints and Coatings:
Calcined kaolin acts as an extender pigment in the formulation of paints and coatings.
Calcined Kaolin enhances opacity, provides excellent hiding power, and contributes to improved durability and weather resistance.
Calcined Kaolin is widely used in architectural coatings, industrial paints, and automotive coatings.

*Plastics and Rubber:
Calcined kaolin is used as a reinforcing filler in plastic and rubber applications.
Calcined Kaolin improves mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, modulus, and impact resistance.
Calcined Kaolin also enhances dimensional stability, reduces shrinkage, and improves the surface finish of plastic and rubber products.

*Personal Care Products:
Calcined kaolin is employed in various personal care products, including cosmetics, skincare formulations, and hair care products.
Calcined Kaolin serves as an absorbent, bulking agent, and opacifying agent.
Calcined Kaolin helps control oiliness, provides a silky texture, and imparts a matte finish in cosmetic products.

*Pharmaceuticals:
Calcined kaolin is used in pharmaceutical formulations as an excipient and filler.
Calcined Kaolin aids in tablet formation by improving flow properties and compressibility.
Calcined Kaolin can also be used in topical ointments and creams for its absorption properties and rheological benefits.

*Polishes and Polishing Compounds:
Calcined kaolin is utilized in the production of polishes and polishing compounds.
Calcined Kaolin provides a fine abrasive action, which helps in achieving a smooth and glossy finish on various surfaces, including metals, plastics, and glass.

*Catalyst Support:
Calcined kaolin can be used as a support material for catalysts in chemical processes.
Calcined Kaolin offers a high surface area, pore volume, and thermal stability, making it suitable for catalytic applications.

These are just some of the applications and uses of calcined kaolin in the construction industry.
Its versatile properties make Calcined Kaolin a valuable ingredient in various construction materials, offering improved performance, sustainability, and aesthetic appeal.

These are some of the prominent uses of calcined kaolin outside of the construction industry.
Its unique properties make Calcined Kaolina versatile material with applications in diverse sectors, including ceramics, paper, paints, plastics, personal care, pharmaceuticals, and more.

PROFILE OF CALCINED KAOLIN:
High-temperature calcining improves the physical performance (whiteness, density, porosity, and bulkiness), chemical performance (adsorptivity, reactivity), and optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of coal-measure hard kaolin.
Calcined kaolin is widely used in paper, paints, and coatings.

1. In Coating
Calcined Kaolin improves structural strength in both water- and oil-based paints.
Calcined Kaolin offers good dispersion, chemical stability, corrosion resistance, fire resistance, scrubbing resistance, and mechanical characteristics.
Calcined Kaolin can further improve the storage stability, brushability, moisture assistance, and impact resistance of paints and coatings.

Calcined Kaolin resists floating and blooming in pigments, improves covering power, durability, and heat and weather resistance, and offers good opacity and adsorption.
Calcined Kaolin can partially replace titanium white.
The use of calcined kaolin in inner and outer wall coatings, high-end paints, inks, and marker line paint can directly cut costs.

2. In rubber products
Calcined kaolin is used as a filler in the rubber industry, and can improve products' physical and chemical properties.
Calcined Kaolin has a significant reinforcing action, is an electrical insulator, and can improve tear resistance, tensile strength, aging resistance, and corrosion resistance.

Calcined Kaolin can enhance solubility in latex, increase vulcanization hardness and abrasion resistance, and boost flex life and smoothness.
Calcined Kaolin can cut costs when used as a replacement for such costly materials as abrasion-resistant carbon black, ordinary carbon black, white carbon black, aluminum silicate carbon black, and magnesium oxide.

3. In ceramics
Use of calcined kaolin ensures that products will have a white, fine-textured, glossy surface.
Calcined Kaolin can boost mechanical strength and reduce defect rate.
Calcined kaolin is suitable for use as a blank material and glaze in everyday ceramics, construction ceramics, corrosion-resistant chemical engineering ceramics, crafts and art ceramics, sanitary ceramics, and high and low piezoelectric ceramics.

4. In glass products
Calcined kaolin replace costly alumina.
When used as a filler in white glass products, Calcined Kaolin can improve product quality and reduce production costs.

5. In plastics
Calcined kaolin can enhance the strength of greenhouse film, ground film, cable insulation, and PVC pipe (sheet).
Apart from whiteness and electrical insulating properties, Calcined Kaolin also allows diffuse light transmission and blocks infrared when used in plastic film.
Calcined Kaolin can reduce cost when used as a bulk filler.

6. In papermaking
The laminar structure of calcined kaolin makes it a useful coating pigment in papermaking.
Apart from good covering ability and relatively high luster, calcined kaolin's porous structure can increase the porosity, soft bulk, and smoothness of coating layers.
Calcined Kaolin lends opacity and flexibility to paper, improves ink adsorption, enhances luster, and reduces printing spots.

7. In fire-resistant materials
Calcined kaolin is used for linings in metallurgy and chemical engineering.
Calcined Kaolin is used include kiln linings, high-temperature fusion crucibles, and various types of bricks, tiles, rods, plates, and non-standard-shape fire-resistant and heat-resistant materials.

8. In pesticides and petrochemicals
Calcined kaolin particles are covered with tiny pores that give this material tremendous adsorptivity.
Calcined kaolin can be used in pharmaceuticals and pesticides.
Because Calcined Kaolin is neutral and has a high silicon content, it can be used in silicon fertilizer, and can also be used as an animal feed additive.

Calcined Kaolin is used as a catalyst in petroleum refining.
Calcined Kaolin possesses relatively high basal activity, strongly resists contamination by heavy metals, and offers good catalytic activity and selectivity.

9. In materials and modern technology
The modern materials industry uses calcined kaolin in the production of composite materials.
Calcined Kaolin is compatible with both metallic and nonmetallic materials, while offering performance superior to that of metallic and nonmetallic materials in some respects.

Calcined kaolin provides good mechanical strength, impact resistance, radiation resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance.
Because of these properties, Calcined Kaolin can be used for high-temperature combustion chambers, nozzles, and cylinders in autos, aircraft, and rockets, etc., and is used in other special and high-strength ceramics.

10. In cosmetics
Calcined kaolin is used as a white body pigment employed in facial masks, facial powder, toothpaste, and other everyday products.
Calcined Kaolin can cut costs when used instead of titanium white.

CALCINED KAOLIN – WHY USE CALCINED KAOLIN?
Let’s discuss calcined kaolin.
What is Calcined Kaolin and why should we use it in our paints, paper, plastics, rubber and ceramics?

Naturally-occurring kaolin is known as “hydrous kaolin” because Calcined Kaolin contains water within its crystal lattice.
This water cannot be removed by simply drying the kaolin.

Calcining a mineral is to heat Calcined Kaolin to a temperature where a phase transition occurs, usually the loss of a volatile component.
In the case of kaolin it loses its waters of crystallisation.

As you heat kaolin to 800ºC, it loses water in the form of hydroxyl (-OH) groups to form Metakaolin:
2 Al2Si2O5(OH)4 -› 2 Al2Si2O7 + 4H2O

Metakaolin is an interesting material.
When you add it to concrete, it acts as a pozzolan.
This means it enhances the strength of the concrete, a useful property in civil engineering and oil-well cementing.

To form calcined kaolin, you need to continue to heat it all the way to 1050ºC.
Two different reactions occur on the way there.
Firstly the formation of spinel at 950C:

2 Al2Si2O7 -› Si3Al4O12 + SiO2
Then the spinel phase transforms to the mineral mullite plus the highly crystalline cristobalite, SiO2:
3 Si3Al4O12 -› 2 Si2Al6O13 + 5 SiO2

But enough of the chemical reactions!
What we need to know is that calcining causes the kaolin structure to collapse and become denser, which improves its opacity and its whiteness.
The particles become sharp and hard, but also more porous because of the voids formed where the –OH groups were.

Flash calcining is a method where the kaolin is heated very quickly.
This increases the number of voids compared to conventional methods of calcining.
These changes give calcined kaolin some useful properties in various applications:

*PAINTS:
Better opacity and whiteness make calcined kaolin a great extender for titanium dioxide.
The hard calcined kaolin particles help to improve the structural strength of a coating, and also the scrub-resistance of both water and oil-based paints.

They also add corrosion-resistance and fire-resistant properties to the paint.
The disadvantage is the cost.
Calcination and the subsequent milling of the hard calcined particles both require a lot of energy.

This makes calcined kaolin around three times more expensive than hydrous kaolin.
However Calcined Kaolin is still less than half the price of titanium dioxide.
So Calcined Kaolin is still a good option as an extender, particularly in paints above CPVC (critical pigment volume concentration).

*CERAMICS:
Good whiteness is useful in ceramics too. However the most useful property to the ceramist is the fact that calcined kaolin it is already calcined.
Hence Calcined Kaolin will have no plasticity and there will be no expansion or contraction of this material.
Calcined Kaolin imparts mechanical strength and a fine white surface texture.

It is easy to tell calcined kaolin from hydrous kaolin by looking at their data sheets.
Just look at the LOI (Loss on Ignition) value.
For water-washed kaolin it is around 13%, but for calcined kaolin it will be zero.

The LOI test basically calcines the kaolin.
Hence the LOI is the percentage mass lost due to the loss of the waters of crystallisation.

*RUBBER AND PLASTICS:
Using calcined kaolin as a filler in rubber and plastics helps impart tensile strength.
Hence Calcined Kaolin is a reinforcing filler instead of being non-reinforcing like hydrous kaolin.

The fire-resistant property of calcined kaolin plus the fact that it is an electrical insulator is especially useful in the plastic covering of electric cables.
Calcined Kaolin also imparts uv-resistance which is why it is often added to greenhouse film and garden furniture.

*PESTICIDES:
An unexpected use of calcined kaolin is as a pesticide.
When sprayed onto fruit, the fine sharp calcined kaolin particles deter pests by getting into their joints and irritating them.

At the same time it reflects the sun and acts as a sunscreen.
Calcined kaolin has many other important applications such as its use in paper coating and in petrochemical catalysts.
You cannot deny that Calcined Kaolin is an interesting material!

HOW IS CALCINED KAOLIN MADE?
Have you ever wondered how Calcined Kaolin is made?
Calcined Kaolin is a type of clay that is heated to high temperatures, causing it to become more concentrated and purer.
The production process involves several steps, from mining the raw material to grinding and packaging the final product.

First, Calcined Kaolin is extracted from the earth and transported to a processing plant.
Once there, Calcined Kaolin is crushed and ground into a fine powder using specialized equipment.
This powder is then heated in a furnace to temperatures of up to 1000°C, causing it to transform into Calcined Kaolin.

The heat removes any impurities and increases the clay’s whiteness and brightness.
Calcined Kaolin Powder has some amazing properties that make it highly sought after in many industries.
Calcined Kaolin's high brightness and whiteness make it an excellent substitute for titanium dioxide in paint and coatings.

Calcined Kaolin also has excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties, which make it ideal for use in ceramics and refractories.
Calcined Kaolin is a complex product that involves many steps throughout the production process.

However, the end result is a unique substance that has a wide range of applications and benefits.
Whether you are in the paint, ceramics, or refractories industry, Calcined Kaolin can help you create high-quality products that stand out from the competition.

BENEFITS OF CALCINED KAOLIN:
Calcined Kaolin Powder is a mineral substance that is derived from kaolin, a type of clay that is found in many parts of the world.
This amazing powder has many benefits that make Calcined Kaolin a great addition to various industries such as construction, paper, ceramics.
One of the most significant advantages of Calcined Kaolin is its ability to improve the physical properties of materials by enhancing their strength, stiffness, and durability.

Calcined Kaolin is known for its ability to increase brightness in products.
Calcined Kaolin is versatile and can be used in many different applications, and often used as a substitute for other minerals or pigments because of its unique properties.

Calcined Kaolin is also easy to mix with other materials, making it a great additive for creating new products.
Calcined Kaolin’s eco-friendly, and its production process has a low impact on the environment.
Calcined Kaolin is a cost-effective solution for businesses looking to improve the quality of their products while reducing production costs.

Calcined Kaolin can be used in a variety of industries such as paint, rubber, plastic, and many others to improve product performance and quality.
With its unique properties and benefits, Calcined Kaolin is an excellent choice for businesses that are looking for a reliable, cost-effective additive to enhance their products.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCINED KAOLIN:
1. Calcined Kaolin has high refractoriness, high volume density, fully calcined.
2. Aluminum content high, the iron content low; dust content low.
3. Thermal expansion coefficients of small.
4. Physicochemical stability.The specification standards.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCINED KAOLIN:
*Good fineness,
*high whiteness,
*high hiding power,
*high Glossiness

PROPERTIES OF CALCINED KAOLIN:
Calcined Kaolin is an anhydrous aluminium silicate produced by heating ultrafine natural kaolin to high temperatures in a kiln.
The calcined-kaolin calcination process increases whiteness and hardness, improves electrical properties, and alters the size and shape of the kaolin particles.
Calcined kaolin based pigments for paper coatings,extenders and fillers, are ideally suited for replacing Titanium Dioxide or other less cost-effective extender pigments while maintaining brightness,opacity and print-through resistance.

MARKETS FOR CALCINED KAOLIN:
When formulated into film compounds calcined kaolin improves the thermal properties of agricultural films, giving the potential to reduce heating costs, reduce the planting to cropping time and increase the length of the growing season.
In film that requires antiblock additive, calcined kaolin offers an ideal and cost effective balance of antiblock, haze and clarity performance.
In plastics the use of calcined kaolin is in PVC cable to improve electrical performance and in it’s coated as a functional filler in engineering thermoplastics.

FORMATION OF CALCINED KAOLIN:
During the removal of kaolin from nature, there are undesirable impurities in it.
These impurities and some of the water contained in the kaolin are removed from the kaolin by Calcination process.
Calcined Kaolin is a form in which kaolin is subjected to calcination process at approximately 1100°C to provide superior optical and physical properties.
Calcined Kaolin is used in paint, plastic, rubber, polymer, paper, adhesive and ceramic industries.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CALCINED KAOLIN:
item : calcined kaolin
whiteness %: ≥95
particle size (-2um%): ≥80
325mesh residue(45um)%: ≤0.003
moisture (%): ≤0.5
oil absorbency (g/100g): 55-65
disperse sediment (um): ≤45
PH: 6.0-8.0
refractive index: 1.62
Density: 2.399g/cm3 at 20℃
form: Powder

EWG's Food Scores: 1
EPA Substance Registry System Kaolin, calcined (92704-41-1)
Appearance: Highly micronized powders
GE Brightness (%): ≥90.0
ISO Brightness (%): ≥88.0
325 Mesh residues (%): ≤0.05
Moisture content (105°C)(%): ≤1.0
pH value (28% suspension): 5.0-7.0
Specify Gravity (g/cm3): 2.5 – 2.7
Medium Particle Size (µm): 0.7
Particle size ≤2 µm (%): 80
Dispersion (Hegman): ≥3.5

FIRST AID MEASURES of CALCINED KAOLIN:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CALCINED KAOLIN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CALCINED KAOLIN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CALCINED KAOLIN:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CALCINED KAOLIN:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CALCINED KAOLIN:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

DESCRIPTION:
Calcium acetate is a chemical compound which is a calcium salt of acetic acid.
Calcium acetate has the formula Ca(C2H3O2)2.
Its standard name is calcium acetate, while calcium ethanoate is the systematic name.

CAS Number: 62-54-4
EC Number: 269-613-0

An older name of Calcium acetate is acetate of lime.
The anhydrous form is very hygroscopic; therefore the monohydrate (Ca(CH3COO)2•H2O) is the common form.

Calcium acetate is used to treat hyperphosphatemia (too much phosphate in the blood) in patients with end stage kidney disease who are on dialysis.
Calcium acetate works by binding with the phosphate in the food you eat, so that it is eliminated from the body without being absorbed.

Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder used in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to prevent elevated phosphate levels and resulting ectopic calcification and secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Calcium acetate is the calcium salt of acetic acid.
Calcium acetate is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.
Calcium acetate has a role as a chelator.
Calcium acetate contains an acetate.

The chemical compound calcium acetate is the calcium salt of acetic acid.
Calcium acetate has been commonly referred to as the acetate of lime.
The anhydrous form is very hygroscopic, therefore the monohydrate is the common form.

Calcium Acetate is a calcium salt of acetic acid.
Calcium is a mineral essential for many cellular functions including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, cardiac function, bone formation, and capillary and cell membrane permeability.
Calcium acetate is administered orally to prevent or treat calcium deficiency and to treat hyperphosphatemia due to its phosphate-binding properties.

Calcium is a mineral that is needed for many functions of the body, especially bone formation and maintenance.
Calcium can also bind to other minerals such as phosphate, and aid in their removal from the body.
Calcium acetate is used to control phosphate levels to keep them from getting too high in people with kidney failure who are on dialysis.

Calcium acetate is also called Acetate of lime or Calcium ethanoate or Calcium diacetate.
Calcium acetate is widely used as a hydrate in treating hyperphosphataemia and functions as a chelator.
Calcium acetate is hygroscopic in its anhydrous form and monohydrate in the common form.

A mineral such as calcium is required for many cellular functions such as nerve impulse transmission, cardiac function, cell membrane permeability, muscle contraction, and bone formation.
Calcium acetate is taken orally to treat or prevent calcium deficiency as well as to treat hyperphosphatemia as it has excellent phosphate-binding properties.

Calcium acetate is a chemical that is primarily a calcium salt of acetic acid.
Calcium acetate is also known as acetate of lime.
The formula of calcium acetate is C4H6CaO4.

Even though Calcium acetate is commonly known as calcium acetate, it IUPAC registered name is calcium ethanoate.
Moreover, calcium acetate is colourless, and it is a white crystalline solid, which smells slightly like acetic acid.
Calcium acetate is soluble in water and alcohol but insoluble in acetone and benzene.
Calcium acetate is strongly hygroscopic when it is in its anhydrous form and arrives as monohydrate in its regular form.

Furthermore, Calcium acetate can be gathered by soaking calcium carbonate in a vinegar solution.
Calcium acetate has not been found yet as a free compound in nature.
Moreover, Calcium acetate is mainly used in producing various medicines, food additive, sequestrate, buffer, etc.

FORMULA AND STRUCTURE OF CALCIUM ACETATE:
Calcium acetate and acetate of calcium ethanoate or lime is a substance which has a variety of use in medicine.
Additionally, Calcium acetate aids individuals suffering from kidney diseases by regulating phosphate levels in their body.
The calcium acetate formula is C4H6CaO4.

Moreover, its extended formula is, Ca (CH3COO)2.
Furthermore, the calcium acetate structure suggests that one calcium cation (CA2+) and two acetate anions (CH3COO-) forms this salt.
Moreover, it is very hygroscopic, and it is commonly found as hydrated salts.

PREPARATION OF CALCIUM ACETATE:

Calcium acetate uses calcium carbonate found in eggshells, or rocks like limestone or marble for its preparation.
After that, this calcium carbonate is soaked in acetic acid like vinegar to reach the result.
The equation of this process is –
CaCO3(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) → Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Ca(OH)2(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) → Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Furthermore, when lime is used for this reaction, it passes an acetic acid vapour over the heated mineral.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM ACETATE:
Calcium acetate is a white, hygroscopic compound.
Calcium acetate has an odour of acetic acid.
Its density is 1.509 g mL-1.

Additionally, its melting point is 160 ⁰C.
Furthermore, Calcium acetate is completely soluble in water and alcohol, and partially in methanol. However, it is insoluble in acetone and ethanol.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM ACETATE:
Calcium acetate is a chelator, which means this molecule is capable of forming a different coordinated bond called ‘chelation’.
Since Calcium acetate has one metallic atom, i.e. calcium, which can bond with other chemical ions, thus, calcium acetate can do the same.

Moreover, the calcium atoms present in this molecule are extremely helpful in regulating the phosphate level in the blood.
The reason being, this calcium acetate reacts and produces phosphate, which is insoluble.
Hence, Calcium acetate is excreted without any hassle.

PRODUCTION OF CALCIUM ACETATE:
Calcium acetate can be prepared by soaking calcium carbonate (found in eggshells, or in common carbonate rocks such as limestone or marble) or hydrated lime in vinegar:

CaCO3(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) → Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Ca(OH)2(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) → Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Since both reagents would have been available pre-historically, the chemical would have been observable as crystals then.

USES OF CALCIUM ACETATE:
In kidney disease, blood levels of phosphate may rise (called hyperphosphatemia) leading to bone problems.
Calcium acetate binds phosphate in the diet to lower blood phosphate levels.
Calcium acetate is used as a food additive, as a stabilizer, buffer and sequestrant, mainly in candy products under the number E263.

Tofu is traditionally obtained by coagulating soy milk with calcium sulfate.
Calcium acetate has been found to be a better alternative; being soluble, it requires less skill and a smaller amount.
Because it is inexpensive, calcium acetate was once a common starting material for the synthesis of acetone before the development of the cumene process: Ca(CH3COO)2 → CaCO3(s) + (CH3)2CO

A saturated solution of calcium acetate in alcohol forms a semisolid, flammable gel that is much like "canned heat" products such as Sterno.
Chemistry teachers often prepare "California Snowballs", a mixture of calcium acetate solution and ethanol.
The resulting gel is whitish in color, and can be formed to resemble a snowball.

Calcium acetate is used to prevent high blood phosphate levels in patients who are on dialysis due to severe kidney disease.
Dialysis removes some phosphate from your blood, but it is difficult to remove enough to keep your phosphate levels balanced.

Decreasing blood phosphate levels can help keep your bones strong, prevent unsafe buildup of minerals in your body, and possibly decrease the risk of heart disease and strokes that can result from high phosphate levels.
Calcium acetate is a natural mineral that works by holding onto phosphate from the diet so that it can pass out of your body.

Calcium acetate is primarily used to regulate the blood pressure of dialysis patients.
Even though dialysis removes phosphate from an individual’s body, it may not prove enough.
Hence, the use of calcium acetate tablets is other medications that can remove enough phosphate.

Besides, removing this excess phosphate prevents unsafe materials from gathering in the human body, and keep the bones strong.
Calcium acetate also reduces the possibility of any heart diseases and strokes, which can occur due to high phosphate level.
Calcium acetate holds this phosphate from the regular diet on patients and helps in passing it out of the human body.

Additionally, due to its inexpensive nature, calcium acetate was used as a starting material for acetone synthesis.
However, after the introduction of the cumene process, this practice has stopped.
The chemical formula of this process is, Ca (CH3COO)2 → CaCO3(s) + (CH3)2CO.

Tofu is traditionally prepared by soy milk and calcium sulphate.
However, calcium acetate has proved to be a better alternative for this purpose.
Calcium acetate is soluble and requires a smaller amount.

Natural occurrence:
Pure calcium acetate is yet unknown among minerals.
Calclacite — calcium acetate chloride pentahydrate — is listed as a known mineral, but its genesis is likely anthropogenic (human-generated, as opposed to naturally occurring) and it may soon be discredited

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CALCIUM ACETATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM ACETATE:
Chemical formula C4H6CaO4
Molar mass 158.166 g•mol−1
Appearance White solid
hygroscopic
Odor slight acetic acid odor
Density 1.509 g/cm3
Melting point 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)[2] decomposition to CaCO3 + acetone
Solubility in water 37.4 g/100 mL (0 °C)
34.7 g/100 mL (20 °C)
29.7 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility slightly soluble in methanol, hydrazine
insoluble in acetone, ethanol and benzene
Acidity (pKa) ca. 0.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -70.7•10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.55
Molecular Weight 158.17 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 157.9891995 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 157.9891995 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 80.3Å²
Heavy Atom Count 9
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 25.5
Isotope Atom Count 0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 3
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
CAS number 114460-21-8
EC number 200-540-9
Hill Formula C₄H₆CaO₄ * x H₂O
Chemical formula (CH₃COO)₂Ca * x H₂O
Molar Mass 158.17 g/mol (anhydrous)
HS Code 2915 29 00
Density 1.5 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Ignition temperature 680 - 730 °C
pH value 7.2 - 7.8 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density 400 kg/m3
Solubility 400 g/l
Assay (complexometrically, Ca(CH₃COO)₂) 93.0 - 95.0 %
Identity (Ca) conforms
Identity (acetate) conforms
Appearance white to almost white fine powder
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, water) clear and colorless
pH (50 g/l; water) 7.2 - 7.8
Total nitrogen (N) ≤ 0.002 %
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 100 ppm
Sulphate (SO₄) ≤ 1000 ppm
Heavy metals (as Pb) ≤ 10 ppm
Fe (Iron) ≤ 10 ppm
K (Potassium) ≤ 0.02 %
Na (Sodium) ≤ 0.02 %

SYNONYMS OF CALCIUM ACETATE:
acetic acid, calcium salt
acetic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
calcium acetate
Phoslo
Calcium acetate
62-54-4
Calcium diacetate
Acetic acid, calcium salt
Lime acetate
PhosLo
Lime pyrolignite
Acetate of lime
Brown acetate
Gray Acetate of Lime
Brown Acetate of Lime
Phoslyra
Teltozan
Sorbo-calcion
acetic acid calcium salt
Gray acetate
Phoslo Gelcaps
calcium ethanoate
calcium;diacetate
FEMA No. 2228
Calcium di(acetate)
Eliphos
Sanopan
Calcarea acetica
calcium(II) acetate
CCRIS 4921
HSDB 928
Calcium acetate anhydrous
Calcium acetate, anhydrous
EINECS 200-540-9
UNII-Y882YXF34X
CHEBI:3310
INS NO.263
Y882YXF34X
AI3-02903
INS-263
Acetic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
Ca(OAc)2
Calcium acetate [USP:JAN]
Calcium acetate [USAN:JAN]
DTXSID0020234
E-263
EC 200-540-9
CALCIUM ACETATE (II)
CALCIUM ACETATE [II]
CALCIUM ACETATE (MART.)
CALCIUM ACETATE [MART.]
CALCIUM ACETATE (USP-RS)
CALCIUM ACETATE [USP-RS]
CALCIUM ACETATE (EP MONOGRAPH)
CALCIUM ACETATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
CALCIUM ACETATE (USP MONOGRAPH)
CALCIUM ACETATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
CALCIUM ACETATE, ANHYDROUS (EP IMPURITY)
CALCIUM ACETATE, ANHYDROUS [EP IMPURITY]
Calphron
Calcio acetato
calciumdi(acetat)
calcium acetate salt
Phoslo (TN)
Calcium acetate (USP)
62-54-4, anhydride
D0F1GS
SCHEMBL23872
CALCIUM ACETATE [MI]
CALCIUM ACETATE [FCC]
DTXCID00234
CALCIUM ACETATE [FHFI]
CALCIUM ACETATE [HSDB]
CALCIUM ACETATE [INCI]
C2H4O2.1/2Ca
CALCAREA ACETICA [HPUS]
CALCIUM ACETATE [VANDF]
CHEMBL1200800
CALCIUM ACETATE [WHO-DD]
Acetic acid calcium salt (2:1)
VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L
C2-H4-O2.1/2Ca
AMY23411
CALCIUM ACETATE [ORANGE BOOK]
AKOS015904560
DB00258
LS-2337
E263
FT-0623376
FT-0623377
D00931
CIS,CIS-1,3,5-CYCLOHEXANETRICARBOXYLICACID
Q409251
J-519530

Calcium acetate is a chemical compound with the formula Ca(C2H3O2)2.
Calcium acetate is composed of one calcium ion (Ca2+) and two acetate ions (C2H3O2-) linked together.
Calcium acetate is also known by its systematic name, Calcium ethanoate.

CAS Number: 62-54-4
EC Number: 200-540-9

APPLICATIONS

In the food industry, Calcium acetate is used as a food additive, functioning as a preservative, acidity regulator, and firming agent.
Calcium acetate is commonly added to certain canned vegetables and fruits to maintain their firmness and quality during storage.
Calcium acetate is an essential component in the production of cheese, where it regulates acidity and improves texture.

Calcium acetate finds application as a stabilizer in various dairy products, such as cream cheese and sour cream.
In the baking industry, Calcium acetate is used as a leavening agent to enhance dough rising in certain baked goods.
Calcium acetate acts as a pH regulator in certain food products, ensuring the desired acidity level for improved taste and stability.

Calcium acetate is used in some fruit-based products, like jams and jellies, to improve gel formation and texture.
As a dietary supplement, Calcium acetate provides a bioavailable source of calcium, crucial for bone health and other bodily functions.
Calcium acetate is used in certain antacid formulations to neutralize excess stomach acid and alleviate heartburn and indigestion.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Calcium acetate is used in medications to manage elevated blood phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Calcium acetate acts as a phosphorus binder, preventing the absorption of dietary phosphorus in the intestines.
Calcium acetate is also used in water treatment as a corrosion inhibitor and water hardness stabilizer.
Calcium acetate helps prevent scale formation in water pipes and boilers, improving water quality and equipment longevity.
In laboratory settings, Calcium acetate is used as a reagent in various chemical reactions and synthesis processes.

Calcium acetate finds application as a buffering agent to maintain a stable pH in certain chemical and biological systems.
Calcium acetate is an important component in some anti-scaling formulations used in cleaning and descaling agents.

Calcium acetate is used in the production of certain dental materials, like dental cements and restorative materials.
In the textile industry, Calcium acetate is used in certain dyeing processes to improve color uptake and fixation on fabrics.
Calcium acetate is used as a flocculant in wastewater treatment to aid in the removal of suspended particles and pollutants.

Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain cementitious materials and sealants for construction applications.
In the cosmetic and personal care industry, it is used in certain formulations to adjust pH levels and improve stability.
Calcium acetate is a component in some paint and coatings formulations, enhancing pigment dispersion and adhesion.
Calcium acetate finds application in the manufacture of certain metal soaps, which serve as stabilizers in various industrial processes.

Calcium acetate is used in the production of certain ink formulations to improve color consistency and flow properties.
Calcium acetate is employed in the manufacture of certain specialty chemicals, like plasticizers and surfactants, for various industrial applications.

In the production of certain paper products, Calcium acetate is used as a retention aid, improving the retention of fibers and fillers during papermaking.
Calcium acetate is employed in the formulation of certain adhesives and sealants to enhance bonding properties.
Calcium acetate is used in the manufacturing of certain fireproofing agents and flame retardants for various materials.
In the rubber industry, the compound is used as a curing agent in certain rubber products, improving their mechanical properties.

Calcium acetate is an essential component in some leather tanning processes, enhancing the tanning efficiency and leather quality.
Calcium acetate is used in the production of certain dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, promoting overall health and well-being.
Calcium acetate finds application as a stabilizer in certain pesticide formulations, improving shelf life and efficacy.
In the agricultural sector, Calcium acetate is used in soil remediation to adjust pH levels and improve nutrient availability to plants.

Calcium acetate is employed in certain pet products, like pet food and dietary supplements, to enhance calcium intake for pets' bone health.
Calcium acetate is used in the manufacture of certain ceramics, where it acts as a flux to lower the melting point and improve the glazing process.
In the photography industry, the compound is used in certain developing solutions to control pH levels and improve image quality.
Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain detergents and cleaning agents, enhancing their cleaning and stain-removal capabilities.
Calcium acetate finds application in the production of certain catalysts and chemical intermediates for organic synthesis.

In the manufacture of certain artificial bone substitutes and dental materials, it serves as a critical component for bone regeneration.
Calcium acetate is used in the production of certain dietary fortifiers and functional foods, enriching products with essential nutrients.
Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain effervescent tablets and antacid formulations for easy ingestion.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Calcium acetate is used as a tablet excipient, providing compressibility and disintegration properties to tablets.
The compound finds application as a flocculant in certain wastewater treatment processes for improved solid-liquid separation.
Calcium acetate is used in certain petrochemical processes as an acid scavenger and corrosion inhibitor.
Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain ceramics and pottery glazes to achieve desired colors and surface textures.
In the metallurgical industry, the compound is used as a flux in certain metal refining and smelting processes.
Calcium acetate is utilized in the formulation of certain plant growth regulators and agrochemicals for crop management.

Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain dietary supplements for bone health, particularly for individuals with specific dietary requirements.
Calcium acetate is used in the manufacture of certain antiperspirants and deodorants, controlling sweat and body odor.
Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain cosmetics and personal care products, enhancing stability and texture.

Calcium acetate is used in the production of certain detergents and cleaning agents, enhancing their performance in removing grease and stains.
Calcium acetate finds application in the formulation of certain industrial lubricants and metalworking fluids to improve lubricity.

In the ceramic industry, Calcium acetate is employed as a glaze modifier, imparting specific visual effects to ceramic surfaces.
Calcium acetate is used in the formulation of certain dietary supplements for individuals with lactose intolerance, as it helps improve calcium absorption.

Calcium acetate is employed in the manufacture of certain nutritional fortifiers for infant formula and baby food.
In the textile industry, the compound is used as a mordant to fix dyes onto fabrics, improving colorfastness.
Calcium acetate finds application in the production of certain wood preservatives, protecting wood from decay and insect damage.
Calcium acetate is used in the synthesis of certain fine chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, and specialty compounds.

Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain concrete admixtures to improve workability and set time.
In the treatment of wastewater from metal-plating industries, Calcium acetate is used to remove heavy metal ions.
Calcium acetate is used in the formulation of certain hair care products, like hair gels and mousses, to enhance hold and texture.
Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain dietary supplements for individuals on restricted diets or with malabsorption issues.

Calcium acetate finds application in the production of certain pet food formulations to ensure proper mineral balance for pets' health.
In the leather industry, Calcium acetate is used as a retanning agent to improve leather's strength and appearance.
Calcium acetate is used in the formulation of certain paint removers and strippers to improve their effectiveness in removing coatings.
Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain ceramics, where it acts as a binder in ceramic molding and shaping.

In the production of certain biodiesel fuels, the compound is used as a catalyst in transesterification reactions.
Calcium acetate finds application in the treatment of municipal water supplies to adjust water hardness and prevent scale formation in distribution systems.
Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain dietary supplements for athletes and physically active individuals to support bone health.

Calcium acetate is used in the formulation of certain hair dyes and colorants for improved color longevity and vibrancy.
In the oil and gas industry, Calcium acetate is used in well-stimulation treatments to control formation damage and improve well productivity.
Calcium acetate finds application in the production of certain dietary supplements for elderly individuals to support bone health and prevent osteoporosis.
Calcium acetate is employed in the production of certain plant fertilizers to provide essential calcium to plants for healthy growth.

In the electronics industry, Calcium acetate is used in the production of certain electronic components and semiconductors.
Calcium acetate is used in the production of certain pharmaceutical ointments and creams for topical application.

DESCRIPTION

Calcium acetate is a chemical compound with the formula Ca(C2H3O2)2.
Calcium acetate is composed of one calcium ion (Ca2+) and two acetate ions (C2H3O2-) linked together.
Calcium acetate is also known by its systematic name, Calcium ethanoate.

Calcium acetate is a white crystalline powder or granular substance that is highly soluble in water.
Calcium acetate has a slightly sweetish taste and is commonly used as a food additive and medication.

Calcium acetate is a white crystalline powder or granular substance with the chemical formula Ca(C2H3O2)2.
Calcium acetate is composed of calcium ions (Ca2+) and acetate ions (C2H3O2-) that are bonded together.
Calcium acetate is odorless and has a slightly sweetish taste.

Calcium acetate is highly soluble in water, making it easy to incorporate into various applications.
Calcium acetate is non-toxic and generally considered safe for use in food and medications.
In the food industry, calcium acetate is used as a food additive, functioning as a preservative, acidity regulator, and firming agent.

Calcium acetate helps extend the shelf life of certain foods by preventing spoilage and microbial growth.
Calcium acetate is commonly used in cheese production to regulate acidity and improve texture.
Calcium acetate is also added to certain canned vegetables and fruits to maintain their firmness and quality.
As a medication, calcium acetate is used in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The medication works by binding to dietary phosphorus in the intestines, reducing its absorption and lowering blood phosphorus levels.
Calcium acetate serves as a dietary phosphorus binder, helping to manage elevated phosphorus levels in the body.
Calcium acetate is an essential component in some antacid formulations, providing relief from heartburn and indigestion.
Calcium acetate can be found in certain over-the-counter calcium supplements, as it provides a source of bioavailable calcium.

Calcium acetate is sometimes used in laboratory settings as a reagent in chemical reactions.
Calcium acetate is compatible with a wide range of other substances, making it useful in various formulations.
Calcium acetate has a role in water treatment as a corrosion inhibitor and water hardness stabilizer.

Calcium acetate has a melting point of around 160-172°C, depending on its crystalline form.
Calcium acetate is known for its stability under normal storage conditions.
In the human body, calcium plays a vital role in bone health, muscle function, and nerve transmission.
Calcium acetate is an important mineral supplement for those who have difficulty obtaining enough calcium from their diet.

As a food additive, Calcium acetate has been approved by regulatory agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Calcium acetate has been studied extensively for its safety and effectiveness in various applications.
Calcium acetate is commonly available as a white powder or granular material in different grades of purity.
Calcium acetate is an indispensable compound in multiple industries, with applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and chemical research.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Formula: Ca(C2H3O2)2
Molecular Weight: 158.17 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Slightly sweetish taste
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Density: ~1.50 g/cm³ (bulk density)
Melting Point: Decomposes around 160-172°C (320-342°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes at high temperatures
pH: Slightly acidic (pH ~ 7.0 - 7.6 in a 10% solution)
Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Decomposition: Decomposes upon heating to release acetic acid and calcium carbonate
Acidity: Calcium acetate releases acetic acid in the presence of water, contributing to mild acidity in solutions.
Water Activity: It can affect water activity in certain food formulations.
Solvent Compatibility: Highly soluble in water; sparingly soluble in ethanol.
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of chemical substances.
Bioavailability: Calcium from calcium acetate is readily absorbed by the body.
Safety: Considered safe for use in food and medications when used within approved levels.
Health Hazards: Low toxicity; non-irritating to skin and eyes.
Biodegradability: The compound is expected to be readily biodegradable in the environment.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances.
Container Integrity: Use airtight and non-reactive containers to prevent contamination and degradation.
pH Regulation: Acts as an acidity regulator in various food and pharmaceutical formulations.
Phosphorus Binding: It binds to dietary phosphorus, reducing its absorption in the intestines.
Antacid Properties: Calcium acetate can neutralize excess stomach acid, providing relief from heartburn.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If Calcium acetate is inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air to avoid further exposure.
If the person is experiencing difficulty breathing, administer oxygen if available and seek immediate medical attention.
If breathing has stopped, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if you are trained to do so while waiting for emergency medical help.

Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing to prevent further exposure.
Wash the affected skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes to thoroughly remove the chemical.
If skin irritation, redness, or any signs of chemical burns appear, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:

Immediately flush the eyes with gentle running water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that the eyelids are held open to facilitate rinsing.
Remove any contact lenses, if present and easily removable, after the initial flushing to prevent further irritation.
Seek immediate medical attention or consult an ophthalmologist for further evaluation and treatment.

Ingestion:

If Calcium acetate is accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and spit out to remove any residual chemical.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Calcium acetate, wear appropriate PPE, including safety goggles or face shield to protect the eyes and gloves made of chemical-resistant material to prevent skin contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use local exhaust ventilation or ensure adequate general ventilation to maintain air quality.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with Calcium acetate.
In case of accidental exposure, follow the first aid measures provided earlier.

Containment:
Use appropriate containers or storage vessels to prevent spills or leaks.
Have spill containment measures, such as absorbent materials, readily available to handle any accidental spills.

No Eating or Drinking:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while handling Calcium acetate to prevent accidental ingestion.

Wash Hands:
After handling Calcium acetate, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.

Prevent Cross-Contamination:
Store Calcium acetate away from other incompatible substances to prevent cross-contamination.

Labeling:
Ensure all containers are properly labeled with the product name, hazard warnings, and handling precautions.

Stability:
Regularly check the chemical's stability and expiry date, if applicable, to ensure its effectiveness for intended applications.

Storage:

Temperature:
Store Calcium acetate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and high temperatures, as it may cause decomposition.

Moisture Control:
Protect the compound from excessive moisture, as it can lead to caking or lump formation.

Separation:
Store Calcium acetate away from strong oxidizing agents and incompatible materials to prevent reactions.

Container Integrity:
Use airtight and non-reactive containers to store Calcium acetate.
Ensure that the containers are in good condition to prevent leaks.

Elevated Areas:
Store the chemical on elevated racks or pallets to minimize the risk of contact with water or moisture on the floor.

Secondary Containment:
If bulk quantities are stored, consider providing secondary containment to prevent environmental contamination in case of spills.

Accessibility:
Keep Calcium acetate containers easily accessible for inspection, inventory management, and emergency response.

Away from Food and Feed:
Store Calcium acetate away from food, animal feed, and food contact surfaces to prevent accidental contamination.

Keep Away from Children:
Store the compound in a secure location, away from the reach of children and unauthorized personnel.

Compatibility:
Avoid storing Calcium acetate with incompatible substances, such as strong acids, strong bases, and reducing agents, to prevent chemical reactions and potential hazards.

Chemical Segregation:
Store Calcium acetate in a designated area away from other hazardous chemicals to prevent unintended mixtures and reactions.

Emergency Equipment:
Keep appropriate spill response and personal protective equipment readily available near the storage area.

Fire Precautions:
Store Calcium acetate away from potential sources of ignition, such as open flames and electrical equipment.

Temperature Control:
Consider using temperature-controlled storage if the product is sensitive to extreme temperatures.

Handling Precautions:
Review and follow the manufacturer's handling recommendations and guidelines specific to the product.

SYNONYMS

Calcium ethanoate
Acetic acid calcium salt
E263 (E number, used as a food additive)
Calcium diacetate
Calcium diethanoate
Calcet
2-Acetoxy calcium
Calcium ethanoic acid
Calfax
Calcium diacetic acid
Calcium diacetate monohydrate
Calcium acetic acid salt
Acetate of lime
Calcium salt of acetic acid
Calcium acetyl oxide
Calciace
Calsyn
Calcium diacetyl oxide
Calcium acetic acid
Calcium diacetate hydrate
Calcium acetic acid anhydride
Cal-Pac

CALCIUM ACETATE, N° CAS : 62-54-4 - Acétate de calcium, Nom INCI : CALCIUM ACETATE, Nom chimique : Calcium di(acetate), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-540-9, Additif alimentaire : E263 Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

Calcium aluminate is a white powder and exhibits a monoclinic crystalline form.
Calcium aluminate refers to a class of compounds derived from the combination of calcium oxide (lime) and aluminum oxide (alumina).
Calcium aluminate is made by fusing or sintering alumina and calcia contributing minerals to produce monocalcium aluminate (CaAl2O4) clinkers that are subsequently powderized.

CAS Number: 12042-68-1
Molecular Formula: AlCaH7O
Molecular Weight: 90.11
EINECS Number: 234-931-0

12042-68-1, Calcium aluminate, Calcium aluminum oxide, calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane, CALCIUMALUMINATE, MFCD00049722, Dialuminium calcium tetraoxide, calcium,oxido(oxo)alumane, EINECS 234-931-0, calcium dialuminate, Aluminum calcium oxide (Al2CaO4), Monocalcium aluminate, XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N, J-004335, Q6901369

Calcium aluminate is density is 2.98 g/cc and its melting point is 1605 °C.
The most common calcium aluminate compound is calcium aluminate cement (CAC), which is a hydraulic cementitious material.
The primary components of calcium aluminate cement are calcium aluminate phases, typically monocalcium aluminate (CA) and dicalcium aluminate (CA2).
These compounds contribute to the cement's properties and performance.

Calcium aluminates are a range of materials obtained by heating calcium oxide and aluminium oxide together at high temperatures.
They are encountered in the manufacture of refractories and cements.
Calcium aluminate-based refractories are commonly used for lining tundishes in the steelmaking process.

Calcium aluminates are vessels used to control the flow of molten metal during continuous casting.
Calcium aluminate is sometimes used as a catalyst in the production of hydrogen peroxide.
Calcium aluminate helps in the conversion of anthraquinone derivatives to hydrogen peroxide.

Certain forms of calcium aluminate may serve as a support material for catalysts in various chemical processes.
In the production of sulfuric acid, calcium aluminate may be used in the construction of acid-resistant linings for equipment due to its resistance to acidic conditions.
Calcium aluminatees, which are used in high-temperature applications, may contain calcium aluminate as a key component.

Calcium aluminate has been studied for its potential use in stabilizing hazardous waste materials, helping to immobilize certain contaminants.
Calcium aluminate cement can be used in the formulation of high-strength concrete mixes, contributing to enhanced compressive strength and durability.
In construction, non-shrink grouts containing calcium aluminate cement may be used for applications where minimal volume change is desired, such as in the bedding of machinery.

Certain formulations of calcium aluminate cement are used in oil well cementing.
These cements can provide high-temperature resistance and rapid setting in oil well construction.
Calcium aluminate cements may be used in the production of electrical insulating materials due to their ability to withstand high temperatures.

In geotechnical engineering, calcium aluminate is sometimes used to stabilize soil and improve its load-bearing capacity.
Calcium aluminate-based compounds may be used in the formulation of chemical sealants for various construction and industrial applications.
In some formulations, calcium aluminate cement is used in coatings designed to provide protection against corrosion in metal structures.

Calcium aluminate cements are cements consisting predominantly of hydraulic calcium aluminates.
Alternative names are "aluminous cement", "high-alumina cement", and "Ciment fondu" in French.
They are used in a number of small-scale, specialized applications.

Calcium aluminate cement invented in 1908 by Bied[2] is sulfate-free and hardens to give mainly hydrated calcium aluminates or carboaluminates (AFm phases: Aluminium Ferrite mono-substituted phases), sometimes accompanied with C–S–H as a minor component, while Ca(OH)2 (portlandite) is absent.
Calcium aluminate cement must not be confused with calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA) cement containing calcium sulfate and invented later in 1936.
The main constituent, and also the most reactive phase, of calcium aluminate cements is the monocalcium aluminate (CaAl2O4 = CaO · Al2O3, also written as CA in the cement chemist notation).

Calcium aluminate usually contains other calcium aluminates as well as a number of less reactive phases deriving from impurities in the raw materials.
Rather a wide range of compositions is encountered, depending on the application and the purity of aluminium source used.
Calcium aluminate is a super refractory material.

Calcium aluminate is far superior to Portland cement in its setting properties and its ability to withstand high temperatures and chemical attack.
Calcium aluminate cement is a type of cement made from a mixture of alumina and limestone at high temperatures. It has a long history of successful use in specialized cement applications, especially where resistance to very high temperatures, sulfates, and mild acids and alkalis are necessary.

Calcium aluminate cement can also work well where solid strengthening is required.
Calcium aluminate cement mainly consists of monocalcium aluminate, other calcium aluminates, and a couple of less reactive phases obtained from the raw materials’ impurities.
When applied as a specialty binder, calcium aluminate displays excellent resistance to corrosion, heat, and abrasion

Calcium aluminate cement, alumina cements or high alumina cements are obtained by the reaction at high temperature of lime (from limestone) and alumina (contained in natural minerals like bauxite).
The aluminate cement obtained after cooling is a hard mineral: calcium aluminate clinker.
Ground into a fine powder, the clinker becomes calcium aluminate cement (CAC) which forms a paste when mixed with water.

The aluminate cement has the ability to harden very quickly: it forms a rigid solid within 24 hours.
Aluminum and calcium oxide are heated at high temperatures to create a group of minerals known as calcium aluminates.
Depending on the purity level needed, lime and alumina or limestone and bauxite are combined to create calcium aluminates, which, when cooled, leave behind hard calcium aluminate clinkers.

Calcium aluminate can be utilized as an aggregate when crushed or screened, with the composition and color depending on the amount and purity of each source ingredient.
The clinker can harden very quickly yet in a controlled fashion in formulations when ground into a fine powder and used as a binder, which creates a paste when combined with water.
Additionally, Calcium aluminate contains trace levels of phosphorus, magnesium, iron, silicon, and manganese.

Calcium aluminate is added to the mix to provide concrete products with additional high-strength durability.
Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) is a unique class of cement that is different than ordinary Portland cement (OPC), particularly due to the chemical make-up.
Calcium aluminate contains a far greater amount of alumina and a far less amount of silica.

Calcium aluminate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Aluminates are compounds with a negatively-charged alumina ion and a metallic oxide with various industrial applications such as water treatment and ceramics manufacturing.
In December 2012, a team of researchers created a unique type of highly-reflective pigment composed of rare earth-doped cobalt aluminate that may have potential use as an energy-efficient exterior coating.

High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.
Typical and custom packaging is available.

Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Calcium Aluminate Clinker is produced by burning the raw materials of high grade crude aluminous bauxite and limestone in arc-furnace kiln.
Calcium Aluminate Cement is cement formed from the combination of limestone and alumina at high temperatures.

Calcium aluminate is used in specialized cement applications where resistance to extreme temperatures, mild acids and alkalies, sulfates and water are necessary.
Calcium aluminate is also used in situations where rapid strengthening is required.
Calcium aluminate cements are hydraulic cements obtained by pulverizing a solidified melt or clinker that consists predominantly of hydraulic calcium aluminates formed from proportioned mixtures of aluminous and calcareous materials.

They are generally divided into three groups based on the alumina and iron oxide contents (Low Purity, Intermediate Purity and High Purity).
The cements of higher alumina content are suitable for higher-temperature applications.
Calcium aluminate may be known by many other names such as aluminous cement or high alumina cement (HAC).

Calcium aluminate was developed following the demand to produce sulfate-resistant cements.
Calcium aluminate cements were identified as excellent materials for dentistry, particularly for dental procedures contacting the dental pulp or root system.
Both calcium silicate and calcium aluminate cements cause the biomineralization (precipitation of hydroxyapatite [HA] phenomena and shield dental tissues from the underlying cement (a foreign body material).

Calcium aluminate cement is known for its hydraulic properties, meaning it can set and harden underwater.
This makes it suitable for various applications where conventional Portland cement may not be ideal.
Calcium aluminate cement has a rapid setting time compared to ordinary Portland cement.

This quick-setting characteristic can be advantageous in certain construction and repair applications.
Calcium aluminate cement exhibits good resistance to high temperatures.
Calcium aluminate is often used in applications where exposure to elevated temperatures is a concern, such as in refractory materials for industrial furnaces.

One of the primary uses of calcium aluminate is in the production of refractory materials.
Refractories made from calcium aluminate cement are used in industries like steelmaking, where resistance to high temperatures and harsh conditions is critical.
Calcium aluminate cement can be used in the formulation of specialized concrete mixes, such as those required for quick repairs, sewer applications, or other situations where rapid setting and high chemical resistance are necessary.

Calcium aluminate cement serves as a binder in the formulation of high-alumina castables used for lining kilns, furnaces, and other high-temperature equipment.
Calcium aluminate cement is known for its resistance to certain types of chemical corrosion, making it suitable for use in environments where conventional cements may be vulnerable to attack by acids or sulfates.

Melting point 1600°C
Density: 2.981
solubility: reacts with H2O
form: Powder
Specific Gravity: 2.981
color: White
Water Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic

Calcium aluminate cements are a special type of cements which have their composition mainly dominated by the presence of Monocalcium Aluminates.
Calcium aluminate cements are a special class of strong, high-performance heat-resistant cements.
Calcium aluminate cements (CAC) have different chemical, physical and mineralogical properties than those of Portland cements (OPC).

The primary raw ingredients of Portland cement are limestone and clay.
The primary oxides derived from the raw materials are CaO and SiO2.
In the production of calcium aluminate cement, on the other hand, bauxite is the raw material and source of alumina.

The aggregate of concrete produced by combining calcium aluminate can be at lower temperatures in refractory cement.
The concrete can also display increased resistance to abrasion as well as sulfate attack.
Calcium aluminate (CA) cements are similar to the more familiar Portland cements in that they both require water for hydration, they both form concretes that set in about the same time, and they both require similar mix designs and placing techniques.

There are, however, important differences between the two cements.
First, Portland cements are made by reacting limestone and clay to produce calcium silicates, while calcium aluminate cements (also called high-alumina cements) are made by reacting a lime-containing material with an aluminous material to produce calcium aluminates.
Calcium aluminate cement is commonly used in the construction and repair of sewer systems.

Calcium aluminate is rapid-setting properties make it suitable for applications where a quick return to service is necessary.
In certain concrete applications, calcium aluminate cement can be used in the formulation of mixes for expansion joints.
These joints accommodate the expansion and contraction of concrete due to temperature variations.

Calcium aluminate cement is used in bridge deck overlays, especially in situations where fast-setting concrete is required for rapid construction or repair.
When combined with other materials, calcium aluminate cement can contribute to the production of high-performance concrete with specific engineering properties, such as increased strength and durability.
Calcium aluminate cement is a key component in the production of monolithic refractories, which are heat-resistant materials used in the linings of high-temperature industrial equipment like furnaces and kilns.

In environments where concrete is exposed to acids or aggressive chemicals, formulations containing calcium aluminate cement may be used to enhance the material's resistance to chemical attack.
Calcium aluminate is also involved in the production of alumina (aluminum oxide).
In the Bayer process, which is a common method for extracting alumina from bauxite ore, calcium aluminate is formed as a byproduct.

Calcium aluminate cement is used in various applications within the chemical and petrochemical industries where resistance to high temperatures and harsh chemical environments is crucial.
In the ceramic and glass industries, calcium aluminate cement may be used as a binder or refractory material in the production of specialized products.
Calcium aluminate cements gain strength more rapidly than ordinary Portland cement (OPC).

Sometimes, a retarder is needed to ensure a longer workability.
In contrast to Portland cements, calcium aluminate cements do not release calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2, portlandite, or lime) during their hydration.
The hydration reactions of calcium aluminate cements are very complex.

The strength-developing phases are monocalcium aluminate (CA), dodeca-calcium hepta-aluminate (C12A7), and belite (C2S), a dicalcium silicate.
Calcium aluminoferrite (C4AF), monocalcium dialuminate (CA2), gehlenite, and pleochroite contribute little to the concrete strength.
The cement is made by fusing together a mixture of a calcium-bearing material (normally calcium oxide from limestone) and an aluminium-bearing material (normally bauxite for general purposes, or refined alumina for white and refractory cements).

The melting of the mixture is achieved at 1600 °C and is energy demanding.
The more elevated temperature explains a part of its higher production costs than for the clinker of ordinary Portland cement sintered at 1450 °C.
The liquified mixture cools to a vesicular, basalt-like clinker which is ground alone to produce the finished product.

Because complete melting usually takes place, raw materials in lump-form can be used.
A typical kiln arrangement comprises a reverberatory furnace provided with a shaft preheater in which the hot exhaust gases pass upward as the lump raw material mix passes downward.
The preheater recuperates most of the heat in the combustion gases, dehydrates and de-hydroxylates the bauxite and de-carbonates the limestone.

The calcined material drops into the "cool end" of the melt bath.
The melt overflows the hot end of the furnace into molds in which it cools and solidifies.
The system is fired with pulverized coal or oil.

The cooled clinker ingots are crushed and ground in a ball-mill.
In the case of high-alumina refractory cements, where the mix only sinters, a rotary kiln can be used.
The special properties of calcium aluminate cements make them of value in the construction, mining and refractory industries.

This book brings together new international research information on their performance. As well as a state-of-the-art review, it includes reports on studies of: mineralogy, hydration and microstructure; rheology of pastes, mortars and grouts; admixtures and blended; systems durability of high alumina cement concrete.
In addition to being used as a binder, calcium aluminate cement is a key component in the formulation of high-alumina castable refractories.
These refractories are used in various industries for lining furnaces, kilns, and other high-temperature equipment.

Calcium aluminate cement is often used in the production of repair mortars, especially in situations where quick-setting and high-strength properties are required for structural repairs.
Gunning mixes, which are refractory materials applied using a pneumatic gun, may contain calcium aluminate cement.
These mixes are used for repairing or coating refractory linings in various industrial applications.

In foundry applications, calcium aluminate cement can be part of specialty refractory materials used for lining ladles and other equipment in the metal casting process.
Calcium aluminate may be used in soil stabilization applications.
Calcium aluminate can improve its engineering properties, such as strength and durability.

In certain concrete applications, calcium aluminate cement is used to control the rate of hydration.
This can be particularly useful in situations where a delayed or extended setting time is desired.
Calcium aluminate cement is employed in chemical grouting applications, where it is used to create a durable and impermeable barrier in the soil or rock.

Calcium aluminate cement is sometimes used in the formulation of fireproofing compounds for various applications, including building materials and coatings.
Some studies explore the use of calcium aluminate-based materials in biomedical applications, such as bone cements for orthopedic surgeries.
Calcium aluminate cement can be a component of adhesives used for fixing ceramic tiles.

The rapid-setting properties are advantageous in applications where a quick bond is needed.
Calcium aluminate cements are used in certain dental restorative materials, including dental cements used for bonding.

History:
The method of making cement from limestone (CaCO3) and low-silica bauxite (Al2O3) was patented in France in 1908 by Bied of the Pavin de Lafarge Company.
The initial development was as a result of the search for a cement offering sulfate resistance.
The cement was known as "Ciment fondu" and "Ciment électro-fondu" in French.

As indicated by Bied (1922), who was the inventor of this type of cement, the terms "Ciment fondu" ("fused cement") and "Ciment électro-fondu" ("electro-fused cement") refer only to the manufacturing process involving the melting of the base materials (CaO obtained after the decarbonation of CaCO3, and Al2O3).
This is because there is no temperature range in which it is possible to observe the gradual softening and clinkerization of these materials, as is the case with Portland cement at around 1450 °C.
In the absence of a softening temperature, calcium aluminates are obtained directly by fusion of the precursor materials, and Bied (1922) clearly indicated his preference for the appellation "ciment alumineux" ("aluminous cement") referring to its composition rather than to a manufacturing process.

Subsequently, its other special properties were discovered, and these led to its future in niche applications.
By the 2010s, the product was found in the US market under the name FONDAG cement (FOND Aluminous Aggregate), sometimes referred to as ALAG (ALuminous AGgregate).
FONDAG cement is a mix of up to 40 percent alumina, and is stable at high temperatures and thermal cycling from −184–1,093 °C (−300–2,000 °F; 89–1,400 K; 160–2,500 °R)

Uses:
The major use of Calcium aluminate found for CaAl2O4 has been as a hydrous cement.
Alternative names are “aluminous cement”, “high-alumina cement” (HAC) and “Ciment fondu”.
They are used in a number of small-scale, specialized applications.

Calcium aluminum oxide is used as a precursor in the production of naphtha steam reforming catalysts, refinery gas steam reforming catalysts, aluminum chlorohydrate, secondary hydrocarbon steam reforming catalysts.
Calcium aluminate is also used in the production of refractory and cements.
Calcium aluminate cement is often used as coatings and linings for sewer pipes and water waste applications.

They also provide enhanced resistance to abrasion, acid, and biogenic corrosion, which can help extend the work life of sewer pipes.
The calcium aluminate resistance is applied in ductile iron pipes for wastewater, concrete pipes for sewerage, and rehabilitation of sewer infrastructures.
Calcium aluminate cement can be used as binders in high-temperature refractory applications requiring high strength.

These binders are also used to regulate acid-resistant applications and quick setting mixtures.
Calcium aluminate is used as a catalyst in the production of hydrogen peroxide, facilitating the conversion of anthraquinone derivatives to hydrogen peroxide.
Certain formulations of calcium aluminate are used in the production of phosphate-bonded refractories, which find applications in high-temperature processes.

In the oil and gas industry, calcium aluminate cement may be used in oil well drilling muds to control fluid properties.
Calcium aluminate may serve as a catalyst in organic synthesis, contributing to various chemical transformations.
Calcium aluminate is used in certain paper production processes, particularly in applications where high-temperature resistance is required.

Calcium aluminate can be incorporated into abrasive products, providing hardness and resistance to wear.
Calcium aluminate is used in the formulation of insulating castables, which are materials designed to provide thermal insulation in high-temperature environments.
Calcium aluminate compounds may find applications in the pharmaceutical industry for specific formulations.

Included in adhesives used for fixing ceramic tiles, taking advantage of its rapid-setting properties.
Calcium aluminate compounds may serve as anti-caking agents in certain powdered or granular products to prevent clumping.
Utilized in the production of repair mortars for structural repairs where quick-setting and high-strength properties are crucial.

Calcium aluminate may be involved in catalytic cracking catalysts used in the petroleum refining industry.
Investigated for potential applications in electrochemical devices, including batteries and capacitors.
Research has explored the use of calcium aluminate-based materials in biomedical applications, such as bone cements for orthopedic surgeries.

Calcium aluminate is used in the formulation of construction grouts for various applications, including filling gaps and voids.
Included in the production of high-temperature insulation materials for use in diverse industries.
Calcium aluminate cement is used in a wide range of building chemistry products, including tile adhesive, tile grouts, rapid floor screeds, bedding mortars, sealers, and floor leveling compounds.

Calcium aluminate is mixed with Portland cement to create the mineral base of these chemical products.
The mineral base may include a blend of admixtures, polymers, slag, lime, and light calcareous material.
Calcium aluminate is also widely used for creating chemical-resistant concrete often used in materials like industrial floorings.

In addition, calcium aluminate can be added to construction concrete that needs robust strength development, even at low temperatures.
The calcium aluminate cements used in the wastewater industry are typically manufactured with the fusion process.
Calcium aluminate is often used as mineral reagents or high-performance specialty binders across various sectors.

Because of their resilience to abrasion, heat, and corrosion, rapid hardening, and ease of grading variation control, calcium aluminates serve as specialized binders in concrete and mortars for specialized applications.
By mixing them with additional high-quality components, unique hydraulic binders can be created.
They can also be found in non-hydraulic systems because they are used as mineral reagents.

Because of their low-temperature melting properties and capacity to absorb impurities in molten metal, some grades of calcium aluminate, for instance, are utilized in metallurgical treatments (foundry, iron and steel industries).
Calcium aluminate is mainly used in refining ladle to remove the sulfide impurities from steel liquid and keeping good fluidity of slag.
Calcium aluminate is a cost effective additive in steel mills for slag-forming and desulphurizing.

Calcium aluminate is widely used by quality- conscious steelmakers in the world.
Calcium aluminate cement is used as a hydraulic cement, capable of setting and hardening underwater.
Calcium aluminate offers rapid setting compared to ordinary Portland cement.

A major application is in the production of refractory materials used in high-temperature environments like furnaces, kilns, and metal smelting operations.
Calcium aluminate is utilized in the construction and repair of sewer systems due to its quick-setting properties.
Calcium aluminate is used in overlays for bridge decks, providing quick-setting properties for rapid construction or repair.

Calcium aluminate is used to improve the engineering properties of soil, enhancing its strength and durability.
Essential for the production of high-alumina castable refractories, which line high-temperature industrial equipment.
Calcium aluminate is used in foundries for making specialty refractory materials that line ladles and other equipment in metal casting.

Formulations containing calcium aluminate are employed in environments where concrete is exposed to acids or aggressive chemicals.
Calcium aluminate is used in the formulation of fireproofing compounds for various applications, including building materials and coatings.
Included in gunning mixes used for repairing or coating refractory linings in industrial applications.

Calcium aluminate is used in chemical grouting applications to create durable and impermeable barriers in soil or rock.
Calcium aluminate is used in certain dental restorative materials, including dental cements used for bonding.
Commonly Calcium aluminate is used for lining tundishes in the steelmaking process.

Certain forms of calcium aluminate may serve as a support material for catalysts in various chemical processes.
Studied for its potential use in stabilizing hazardous waste materials.
Calcium aluminate is used in the formulation of high-strength concrete mixes.

Calcium aluminate is used for applications where minimal volume change is desired, such as in the bedding of machinery.
Calcium aluminate is used in certain formulations for oil well cementing, providing high-temperature resistance and rapid setting.
Calcium aluminate is used in the production of electrical insulating materials due to its ability to withstand high temperatures.

Calcium aluminate is used to stabilize soil and improve its load-bearing capacity in geotechnical engineering.
Included in the formulation of chemical sealants for various construction and industrial applications.
Calcium aluminate is used in coatings designed to provide protection against corrosion in metal structures.

Calcium aluminate compounds may be used in certain paint and coating formulations, providing specific properties such as resistance to corrosion and high temperatures.
Investigations into the use of calcium aluminate for photocatalytic applications have been reported, showcasing its potential in environmental and energy-related processes.
In the formulation of adhesives for high-temperature applications, calcium aluminate may be included to enhance the adhesive's performance under elevated temperatures.

Certain calcium aluminate compounds can be used as metallic pigments in coatings, contributing to the visual appearance and corrosion resistance of the coated surface.
Calcium aluminate is utilized in the magnesium smelting process, where it helps to control the impurities in the production of magnesium metal.
Calcium aluminate can be part of ceramic glazes, contributing to the aesthetic and functional properties of the glaze.

In water treatment processes, calcium aluminate compounds may be employed for specific applications, such as adjusting pH or removing impurities.
Calcium aluminate-based materials have been explored for their potential use in thermal energy storage systems, where they can absorb and release heat.
Calcium aluminate is used in the formulation of linings for chemical-resistant equipment, providing protection against corrosive substances.

In certain construction and industrial applications, calcium aluminate may be used in the production of soundproofing materials.
Calcium aluminate compounds are employed in specific processes within the glass industry, contributing to the quality and characteristics of the final glass product.
In the Bayer process for alumina production, calcium aluminate is formed as a byproduct.

Calcium aluminate compounds may be involved in certain processes related to fertilizer production.
Calcium aluminate can be used as an expansion agent in concrete formulations, helping to control volume changes during setting and curing.

Calcium aluminate may be used as an additive in electrolytes for certain electrochemical applications.
In concrete production, calcium aluminate may be included as an air-entraining agent to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete.

Safety Profile:
Calcium aluminate compounds can be irritating to the eyes and skin.
Direct contact may cause irritation, redness, or rash.
Calcium aluminate's important to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling these materials.

Dust or fine particles of calcium aluminate may be generated during handling or processing.
Inhalation of these particles can irritate the respiratory tract.
Adequate ventilation and respiratory protection may be necessary in situations where airborne particles are present.

Under certain conditions, calcium aluminate can decompose to release hazardous gases.
For example, exposure to strong acids can lead to the release of hydrogen gas.
Care should be taken to avoid incompatible substances and conditions that may result in hazardous reactions.

ARAGONITE CALCII CARBONAS CALCITE CALCIUM CARBONATE CALCIUM CARBONATE, LIGHT CALCIUM (II) CARBONATE CARBONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT CHALK CHALK, PRECIPITATED ENGLISH WHITE FORMAXX(R) CALCIUM CARBONATE GROUND LIMESTONE ICELAND SPAR KALKSPAR LIME LIMESTONE MAGGRAN(R) CC MAGGRAN(R) CCPLUS MAGNESIA 84460 MAGNESIA 84470 CAS:471-34-1

CALCIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE, N° CAS : 9050-04-8, Nom INCI : CALCIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE, Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion, Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français :SEL CALCIQUE DU CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE; Noms anglais :CELLULOSE, CARBOXYMETHYL ETHER, CALCIUM SALT

Calcosan; Calcium Dichloride; complexometric; Calplus; Caltac; Dowflake; Liquidow; Peladow; Snomelt; Superflake Anhydrous; Cloruro de calcio (Spanish); Chlorure de calcium; CALCII CHLORIDUM; CALCIUM ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD; CALCIUM CHLORIDE; CALCIUM CHLORIDE 0-2H2O; CALCIUM CHLORIDE 2H2O; CALCIUM CHLORIDE 2-HYDRATE; CALCIUM CHLORIDE DEHYDRATED; CALCIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE; Calcium chloride fused; CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION; CALCIUM CHLORIDE STANDARD; CALCIUM CHLORIDE TS; CALCIUM (II) CHLORIDE; CALCIUM ION STANDARD; CHLORO CALCIUM; PELADOW(R) SNOW AND ICE MELT; Anhydrous calcium chloride; anhydrouscalciumchloride CAS NO:10043-52-4, 139468-93-2 (Anhydrous); 10035-04-8 (Dihydrate); 7774-34-7 (Hexahydrate)

Calcosan; Calcium Dichloride; complexometric; Calplus; Caltac; Dowflake; Liquidow; Peladow; Snomelt; Superflake Anhydrous; CAS NO. 10043-52-4, 139468-93-2 (Anhydrous) 10035-04-8 (Dihydrate) 7774-34-7 (Hexahydrate)

CAS NO:10043-52-4
EC NO:233-140-8

Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.
Calcium chloride is a white coloured crystalline solid at room temperature, and Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water.
Calcium chloride can be created by neutralising hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide.
Calcium chloride can help replenish calcium and can be an antidote for magnesium poisoning.
Calcium chloride is also a pH adjuster/water softener, which is why Calcium chloride is commonly used as a brine in refrigeration plants, as well as a tool for ice and dust control on roads.
Calcium chloride absorbs moisture from the air, and when Calcium chloride’s added to liquids Calcium chloride absorbs water.

Calcium chloride is commonly encountered as a hydrated solid with generic formula CaCl2(H2O)x, where x = 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6.
These compounds are mainly used for de-icing and dust control.
Because the anhydrous salt is hygroscopic, Calcium chloride is used as a desiccant.

Uses of Calcium chloride:
By depressing the freezing point of water, calcium chloride is used to prevent ice formation and is used to de-ice.
This application consumes the greatest amount of calcium chloride.
Calcium chloride is relatively harmless to plants and soil.
As a deicing agent, Calcium chloride is much more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride.
When distributed for this use, Calcium chloride usually takes the form of small, white spheres a few millimeters in diameter, called prills.
Solutions of calcium chloride can prevent freezing at temperatures as low as −52 °C (−62 °F), making Calcium chloride ideal for filling agricultural implement tires as a liquid ballast, aiding traction in cold climates.
Calcium chloride is also used in domestic and industrial chemical air dehumidifiers.

Road surfacing
Calcium chloride was sprayed on this road to prevent weathering, giving Calcium chloride a wet appearance even in dry weather.
The second largest application of calcium chloride exploits Calcium chlorides hygroscopic nature and the tackiness of Calcium chlorides hydrates;
Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and Calcium chlorides hydration is an exothermic reaction.
A concentrated solution keeps a liquid layer on the surface of dirt roads, which suppresses the formation of dust.
Calcium chloride keeps the finer dust particles on the road, providing a cushioning layer.
If these are allowed to blow away, the large aggregate begins to shift around and the road breaks down.
Using calcium chloride reduces the need for grading by as much as 50% and the need for fill-in materials as much as 80%.

Food
The average intake of calcium chloride as food additives has been estimated to be 160–345 mg/day.
Calcium chloride is permitted as a food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509.
Calcium chloride is considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Calcium chloride is use in organic crop production is generally prohibited under the US National Organic Program.

In marine aquariums, calcium chloride is one way to introduce bioavailable calcium for calcium carbonate-shelled animals such as mollusks and some cnidarians.
Calcium hydroxide (kalkwasser mix) or a calcium reactor can also be used.

As a firming agent, calcium chloride is used in canned vegetables, in firming soybean curds into tofu and in producing a caviar substitute from vegetable or fruit juices.
Calcium chloride is commonly used as an electrolyte in sports drinks and other beverages, including bottled water.
The extremely salty taste of calcium chloride is used to flavor pickles without increasing the food's sodium content.
Calcium chloride's freezing-point depression properties are used to slow the freezing of the caramel in caramel-filled chocolate bars.
Also, Calcium chloride is frequently added to sliced apples to maintain texture.

In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water.
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and can also affect yeast function during fermentation.

In cheesemaking, calcium chloride is sometimes added to processed (pasteurized/homogenized) milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein in casein.
Calcium chloride is added before the coagulant.
Calcium chloride is used to prevent cork spot and bitter pit on apples by spraying on the tree during the late growing season.

Laboratory and related drying operations
Drying tubes are frequently packed with calcium chloride.
Kelp is dried with calcium chloride for use in producing sodium carbonate.
Anhydrous calcium chloride has been approved by the FDA as a packaging aid to ensure dryness (CPG 7117.02).
The hydrated salt can be dried for re-use but will dissolve in its own water of hydration if heated quickly and form a hard amalgamated solid when cooled.

Miscellaneous applications
Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to accelerate the initial setting, but chloride ions lead to corrosion of steel rebar, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.
The anhydrous form of calcium chloride may also be used for this purpose and can provide a measure of the moisture in concrete.
Calcium chloride is included as an additive in plastics and in fire extinguishers, in blast furnaces as an additive to control scaffolding (clumping and adhesion of materials that prevent the furnace charge from descending), and in fabric softener as a thinner.
The exothermic dissolution of calcium chloride is used in self-heating cans and heating pads.

In the oil industry, calcium chloride is used to increase the density of solids-free brines.
Calcium chloride is also used to provide inhibition of swelling clays in the water phase of invert emulsion drilling fluids.

CaCl2 acts as flux material, decreasing the melting point, in the Davy process for the industrial production of sodium metal through the electrolysis of molten NaCl.
Similarly, CaCl2 is used as a flux and electrolyte in the FFC Cambridge process for titanium production, where it ensures the proper exchange of calcium and oxygen ions between the electrodes.
Calcium chloride is also used in the production of activated charcoal.
Calcium chloride can be used to precipitate fluoride ions from water as insoluble CaF2.
Calcium chloride is also an ingredient used in ceramic slipware.

Calcium chloride suspends clay particles so that they float within the solution, making Calcium chloride easier to use in a variety of slipcasting techniques.
Calcium chloride dihydrate (20 percent by weight) dissolved in ethanol (95 percent ABV) has been used as a sterilant for male animals.
The solution is injected into the testes of the animal. Within one month, necrosis of testicular tissue results in sterilization.
Cocaine producers in Colombia import tons of Calcium Chloride to recover solvents that are on the INCB Red List and are more tightly controlled.

Properties
Calcium chloride dissolves in water, producing chloride and the aquo complex [Ca(H2O)6]2+.
In this way, these solutions are sources of "free" calcium and free chloride ions.
This description is illustrated by the fact that these solutions react with phosphate sources to give a solid precipitate of calcium phosphate:
3 CaCl2 + 2 PO3−4 → Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 Cl−
Calcium chloride has a very high enthalpy change of solution, indicated by considerable temperature rise accompanying dissolution of the anhydrous salt in water.
This property is the basis for its largest-scale application.
Molten calcium chloride can be electrolysed to give calcium metal and chlorine gas:
CaCl2 → Ca + Cl2

Preparation
In much of the world, calcium chloride is derived from limestone as a by-product of the Solvay process, which follows the net reaction below:

2 NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaCl2
North American consumption in 2002 was 1,529,000 tonnes (3.37 billion pounds).
In the US, most of calcium chloride is obtained by purification from brine.

As with most bulk commodity salt products, trace amounts of other cations from the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and other anions from the halogens (group 17) typically occur, but the concentrations are trifling.

Calcium chloride is a white to off-white solid. Sinks and mixes with water.
Calcium chloride is a calcium salt and an inorganic chloride.
Calcium chloride has a role as a fertilizer.

Use
Deicing
Dust control, road stabilization
Insustrial (refrigerant, coal thawing, etc.)
Oil and gas drilling fluids
Concrete
Tire ballast
Miscellaneous

Calcium chloride is an odorless, white, crystalline solid compound that is highly soluble in water.
A type of salt, this chemical is hygroscopic, which means it can attract and absorb water molecules from its surroundings.
Calcium chloride has a variety of applications and can lead to potential health risks if handled improperly.
These are some important tips for handling and storing calcium chloride safely.

Common Uses of Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride is used in a wide range of industries.
Namely, this material is used to make road de-icing agents and brine. Other common applications include:

Dust control
Desiccation
Salt-based dehumidifiers
Calcifying aquarium water
Increasing water hardness in swimming pools
Food additive

Calcium Chloride is a mineral indicated in the immediate treatment of hypocalcemic tetany (abnormally low levels of calcium in the body that cause muscle spasm).
Calcium chloride injection is also used in cardiac resuscitation, arrhythmias, hypermagnesemia, calcium channel blocker overdose, and beta-blocker overdose.
Calcium Chloride is available under the following different brand or other names: CaCl and CaCl2.

General description
Calcium chloride hexahydrate is a non-toxic salt hydrate that can be used in phase change heat storage of low temperature heat.
Calcium chloride has a latent heat of fusion as high as 170-190 kJ/Kg and a melting temperature of 29-30°C.

Application
Calcium chloride hexahydrate is a phase changing material (PCM) that is widely used in solar energy storage and building applications.

Calcium chloride is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine.
Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent.
Calcium chloride is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide.
Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement.
Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process.
Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.

Formula: CaCl2
Molecular mass: 111.0
Boiling point: 1670°C
Melting point: 772°C
Density (at 25°C): 2.2 g/cm³
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 74.5 (good)

The greatest amount is consumed in preventing ice formation and in de-icing.
Calcium chloride is also widely used in the food industry and finds use as a firming agent in canned vegetables, in cheese making and as an electrolyte in energy drinks.

INDUSTRIES
-Pharma
-Lubricants
-Water Treatment
-Oil & Gas
-Cleaning
-Animal Nutrition
-Coatings & Construction
-Food and Nutrition
-Agriculture
-Cosmetics
-Polymers
-Rubber

Calcium Chloride will help with store bought milk, cold stored raw milk and goats milk produce a firmer setting curd.
A firmer curd is easier to cut and produces a larger yield.

Calcium chloride is manufactured as a soda ash co-product and Tokuyama is the sole producer in Japan.
Calcium chloride is one type of inorganic salt.
Calcium chloride generates a large amount of heat in reaction to water and significantly lowers the freezing point of water, making it effective as a strong and immediate-acting antifreeze as well as a snow and ice melting agent.
Calcium Chloride is also used as a food and beverage additive, mainly for controlling the hardness of beer and soft drinks, and in bittern for tofu production.

General applications
Antifreeze/snow-melting agent for roads
Dustproof for grounds and unpaved roads
Dehumidifying agent
Brine
Wastewater treatment(fluorine removal, neutralization)
Food additives

Definition and Usage Areas:
Calcium sector production and production, an increased aquo in water (lH 2 O) 6 ] 2+ .
In these tracts, these solutions are sources of "free" calcium and salikan irrigations.
This explanation helps with these solvents reacting with phosphate sources to give calcium phosphate a precipitate:
3 CaC 2 + 2 PO 3-
4 Ca → 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 6 Cl -
The calcite level shows a very high enthalpy display with a high temperature rise from anhydrous in water.
Molten soluble, calcium metal and chlorine gas can be removed.
CaC 2 , Ca + Cl → 2

Usage areas
As a powder coating in constructions, as it is hygroscopic.
As plastic material material
As material in fire dusts
Melting ice on roads (does not equip like regular salt)
Concrete/Cement:
Calcium Chloride dries the concrete quickly, especially in cold weather, and provides durability and strength to the concrete.

In treatment: In reducing high fluorine in drinking water.
Also, in the treatment of wastewater from industrial facilities such as oil refineries, aluminum factories.

Oil Exploration/Drilling:
Calcium Chloride is used extensively.
in sports
In canned food (in meals)
In some chocolates
In milk, cheese (as a calcium supplement)
In brewing (as enzyme)
In ice cream: As a freezer
In Animal Feed: Fever in dairy cattle, reducing milk and preventing disease
Giving plants math
On a low budget
Harvest calendar to give importance to the shelf of fruits and vegetables

What Is Calcium chloride?
Calcium chloride is a naturally occurring salt derived from limestone.
Calcium chloride is a white solid and can also be produced synthetically.
Calcium chloride is solid at room temperature and dissolves in water.

What Does Calcium chloride Do in Our products?
Calcium chloride is often used as a nutrient supplement, stabilizer, thickener, and texturizer in food; Calcium chloride is frequently found in baked goods, dairy products, beverages, juices, coffee, tea, condiments, jellies, meat products, and other products.
For this reason, Calcium chloride is a drying agent.
Calcium chloride is present in dozens of personal care products, including bath oils, deodorant, sunscreen, conditioner, and makeup.

Calcium chloride occurs naturally in limestone; its production is primarily a reaction of limestone with hydrochloric acid.
Calcium chloride is often commercially produced as a byproduct in the ammonia-soda process (called the Solvay process).
Calcium chloride can also be made by substitution reactions with other calcium and chloride salts, and in the United States Calcium chloride can be made by concentrating and purifying brines from salt lakes and salt deposits.

Uses
Calcium chloride has a variety of applications:
Because Calcium chloride is strongly hygroscopic, air or other gases may be channeled through a column of calcium chloride to remove moisture.
In particular, calcium chloride is usually used to pack drying tubes to exclude atmospheric moisture from a reaction set-up while allowing gases to escape.
Calcium chloride can also be added to liquids to remove suspended or dissolved water.

In this capacity, Calcium chloride is known as a drying agent or desiccant.
Calcium chloride is converted to a brine as Calcium chloride absorbs the water or water vapor from the substance to be dried:
CaCl2 + 2 H2O → CaCl2·2H2O
The dissolving process is highly exothermic and rapidly produces temperatures of around 60° C (140° F).
This can result in burns if humans or other animals eat dry calcium chloride pellets.
Small children are more susceptible to burns than adults, and calcium chloride pellets should be kept out of their reach.
Aided by the intense heat evolved during Calcium chlorides dissolution, calcium chloride is also used as an ice-melting compound.
Unlike the more-common sodium chloride (rock salt or halite), Calcium chloride is relatively harmless to plants and soil.

Calcium chloride is also more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride.
When distributed for this use, Calcium chloride usually takes the form of small white balls a few millimetres in diameter, called prills (see picture at top of page).
Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to help speed up the initial setting.
However chloride ion leads to corrosion of steel rebars, so Calcium chloride should not be used in reinforced concrete.
Calcium chloride is used for dust control on some highways, as its hygroscopic nature keeps a liquid layer on the surface of the roadway, which holds dust down.
Calcium chloride tastes extremely salty and is used an ingredient in some foods, especially pickles, to give a salty taste while not increasing the food's sodium content.
Calcium chloride's also used as an ingredient in canned vegetables to maintain firmness.

Used as an additive in plastics.
Used as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment.
Aqueous Calcium Chloride is used in genetic transformation of cells by increasing the cell membrane permeability.
This allows DNA fragments to enter the cell more readily.

Tire ballast
Additive in fire extinguishers
Additive to control scaffolding in blast furnaces
Calcium chloride can be used to make ersatz caviar from vegetable or fruit juices.
Calcium chloride is used in Smartwater and some sports drinks as an Electrolyte

About this substance
Helpful information
Calcium chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Calcium chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, anti-freeze products, fertilisers, plant protection products, adsorbents, water treatment chemicals and heat transfer fluids. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Article service life
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Calcium chloride can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, adsorbents, anti-freeze products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Calcium chloride is used in the following areas: health services, agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Calcium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Formulation or re-packing
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, polymers, fertilisers, inks and toners and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Uses at industrial sites
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, adsorbents, anti-freeze products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Calcium chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Calcium chloride is used in the following areas: mining and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Calcium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, food products, pulp, paper and paper products, metals, plastic products, rubber products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is an inorganic compound, marketed as 36% solution, 75-78% flakes or 94-97% granules, used for roads de-icing, dust control, brine refrigeration, dehumidification, setting time reduction in concrete, petroleum oil extraction and food processing.
Calcium chloride production process basically consists of limestone reaction with hydrochloric acid.
Calcium chloride can be also produced as by-product from Solvay process for soda ash and, only in the U.S., by the concentration and purification of naturally occurring brines from salt lakes and salt deposits.
Consito developed know-how and technologies for Calcium Chloride production units as 36% solution, 75-78% flakes or 94-97% granules, basing on reaction between limestone and hydrochloric acid.

Calcium chloride dihydrate is a moisture resistant, cheap and commonly available calcium salt.
Calcium chloride is efficacy as a chiral catalyst for various asymmetric organic reactions has been evaluated.
Calcium chloride dihydrate has been used as a calcium supplement for the DMEM (Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium) for use in cell culture studies and to prepare the synthetic brine solution.
Calcium chloride may be used in the preparation of calcium-alginate beads and can be used in combination with sodium borohydride for the asymmetric reduction of 1-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino]ethanone to form (1R)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino]ethanol.
Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is one of the most versatile chemicals with endless applications.
Nedmag produces high quality calcium chloride suitable for technical, feed and food applications.

Applications of calcium chloride
Calcium chloride is used in many applications.
Calcium chloride food grade is used as food ingredient in the food industry (a.o. cheese production).
While other grades are used in the oil and gas industry, in fertilisers or animal feed and in road maintenance.

Calcium chloride is used heavily in baking for many reasons, including salt replacement.
Calcium chloride is solid at room temperature but highly soluble in water.
Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Calcium chloride is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.
Calcium chloride is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.

Uses
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has many uses.
Calcium chloride is used as a drying agent and to melt ice and snow on highways, to control dust, to thaw building materials (sand, gravel, concrete, and so on).
Calcium chloride is also used in various food and pharmaceutical industries and as a fungicide.

Chemical Properties
Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Calcium chloride is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.
Calcium chloride is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.

Chemical Properties
Calcium chloride occurs as a white or colorless crystalline powder, granules, or crystalline mass, and is hygroscopic (deliquescent).

Physical properties
White crystal, powder or flake; highly hygroscopic; the compound and its solutions absorb moisture from the air at various rates depending on calcium chloride concentrations, relative humidity and vapor pressure of water in the air, temperature, surface area of exposed material, and the rate of air circulation; at 40% and 95% relative humidity and 25°C, one gram anhydrous calcium chloride may absorb about 1.4 g and 17 g water, respectively. (Shearer, W. L. 1978 . In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., vol. 4, pp. 432-6. New York: Wiley Interscience); density 2.15, 2.24, 1.85, 1.83 and 1.71 g/cm3 for the anhydrous salt and its mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates, respectively; anhydrous salts melts at 772°C, while the mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates decompose at 260°, 175°, 45.5° and 30°C, respectively; the anhydrous salt vaporizes at 1,935°C; highly soluble in water, moderate to high solubility in alcohol.

Occurrence
Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral tachhydrite, CaCl2?2MgCl2?12H2O.
Calcium chloride also is found in other minerals.
Calcium chloride is concentration in sea water is about 0.15%.
Calcium chloride has several industrial applications.
The major applications of this compound are in deicing of roads, dust control, imparting stability to roads and buildings, and to improve traction in tractor tires.
Calcium chloride is mixed with ice to make freezing mixtures. Hexahydrate mixed with crushed ice can lower the temperature of the cooling bath to below -50°C.
Calcium chloride also is used as a desiccant for dehydrating gases and liquids.
Calcium chloride is added to cement in various proportions to manufacture different types of concrete.
Other uses are in adhesives, to lower gel temperatures, and as a calcium source in liquid feed supplements for dairy cattle.
Also, the compound is used to control particle size development and reduce coalescence in plastics.

Uses
Calcium chloride is one of the most versatile of the basic chemicals.
Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in concrete.
The anhydrous salt is also widely used as a desiccant, where it will absorb so much water that it will eventually dissolve in its own crystal lattice water (water of hydration).
Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the “Solvay Process” (which is a process to produce soda ash from brine).

Calcium chloride is also commonly used as an additive in swimming pool water as it increases the “calcium hardness” value for the water.Other industrial applications include use as an additive in plastics, as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment, as an additive in fire extinguishers, as an additive in control scaffolding in blast furnaces, and as a thinner in “fabric softeners”.
Calcium chloride is commonly used as an “electrolyte” and has an extremely salty taste, as found in sports drinks and other beverages such as Nestle bottled water.
Calcium chloride can also be used as a preservative to maintain firmness in canned vegetables or in higher concentrations in pickles to give a salty taste while not increasing the food’s sodium content.
Calcium chloride is even found in snack foods, including Cadbury chocolate bars.
In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water.
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and it can also affect yeast function during fermentation.
Calcium chloride can be injected as intravenous therapy for the treatment of “hypocalcemia” (low serum calcium).
Calcium chloride can be used for insect bites or stings (such as Black Widow spider bites), sensitivity reactions, particularly when characterized by “urticaria” (hives).

Uses
Calcium Chloride is a general purpose food additive, the anhydrous form being readily soluble in water with a solubility of 59 g in 100 ml of water at 0°c.
Calcium chloride dissolves with the liberation of heat.
Calcium chloride also exists as calcium chloride dihydrate, being very soluble in water with a solubility of 97 g in 100 ml at 0°c.
Calcium chloride is used as a firming agent for canned tomatoes, potatoes, and apple slices. in evaporated milk, it is used at levels not more than 0.1% to adjust the salt balance so as to prevent coagulation of milk during sterilization.
Calcium chloride is used with disodium edta to protect the flavor in pickles and as a source of calcium ions for reaction with alginates to form gels.
Obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of potassium chlorate.

The white crystals, soluble in water and alcohol, are deliquescent and must be kept in a well-stoppered bottle.
Calcium chloride was used in iodized collodion formulas and in collodion emulsions.
Calcium chloride was also an important desiccating substance used in tin calcium tubes designed to store presensitized platinum papers.
For the treatment of hypocalcemia in those conditions requiring a prompt increase in blood plasma calcium levels, for the treatment of magnesium intoxication due to overdosage of magnesium sulfate, and used to combat the deleterious effects of hyperkalemi
Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and is often used as a desiccant.

Uses
calcium chloride is an astringent.
Calcium chloride also helps improve the reaction among certain ingredients used in cosmetic formulations.
This inorganic salt is no longer commonly used in skin care products and is being replaced with potassium chloride.

Production Methods
Calcium chloride is a principal byproduct from the Solvay process.

IUPAC names
calcio cloruro
calcium chlorid
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride
calcium chloride
Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride
calcium chloride
Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
calcium chloride anhydrous
Calcium chloride dihydraterate
Calcium Choride
CALCIUM DICHLORIDE
Calcium dichloride
calcium dichloride
Calcium dichloride
calcium dichloride solution
Calcium(2+) chloride , calciumchlorid
calcium;dichloride
Calciumchlorid
Calciumchlorid-6H2_O
CALCIUMCHLORIDE
calciumchloride (dihydraat)
chlorid vápenatý
chlorure de calcium
Cloruro de calcio
Cloruro di Calcio E509
Kalcium-klorid
Calcium chloride [USP] [Wiki]
10043-52-4 [RN]
14639-81-7 [RN]
233-140-8 [EINECS]
Calcium dichloride [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Calcium(2+) chloride
Calcium(II) chloride
Calciumdichlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Dichlorure de calcium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
E509
Huppert's reagent
Hydrophilite (CaCl2)
MFCD00010903 [MDL number]
Caloride
Ice melt
Jarcal
Liquical
Marley cement accelerator
Sure-step
Unichem calchlor
10035-04-8 [RN]
139468-93-2 [RN]
17787-72-3 [RN]
22691-02-7 [RN]
7774-34-7 [RN]
9005-49-6 [RN]
Bovikalc
CAL plus
Calcium atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 10.00 g Ca
Calcium Chloride anhydrous prills
Calcium chloride, 1M aqueous solution
Calcium chloride, anhydrous, dessicant, ACS grade, granular
Calcium chloride, Prilled
Calcium chloride, ultra dry
calcium chloride,anhydrous
Calciumchloride
Calcosan

Regulatory process names
Calcium chloride
calcium chloride
Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

Translated names
calcio cloruro (it)
calciumchlorid (da)
Calciumchlorid (de)
calciumchloride (nl)
chlorek wapnia (pl)
chlorid vápenatý (cs)
chlorid vápenatý (sk)
chlorure de calcium (fr)
cloreto de cálcio (pt)
clorura de calciu (ro)
cloruro de calcio (es)
kalcija hlorīds (lv)
kalcijev klorid (hr)
kalcijev klorid (sl)
kalciumklorid (sv)
kalsiumklorid (no)
Kalsiumkloridi (fi)
kaltsiumkloriid (et)
kálcium-klorid (hu)
χλωριούχο ασβέστιο (el)
калциев хлорид (bg)

CAS names
Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

IUPAC names
calcio cloruro
calcium chlorid
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride
calcium chloride
Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride
calcium chloride
Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
calcium chloride anhydrous
Calcium chloride dihydrate
calcium chloride dihydrate
Calcium Choride
CALCIUM DICHLORIDE
Calcium dichloride
calcium dichloride
Calcium dichloride
calcium dichloride solution
Calcium(2+) chloride , calciumchlorid
calcium;dichloride
Calciumchlorid
Calciumchlorid-6H2_O
CALCIUMCHLORIDE
calciumchloride (dihydraat)
chlorure de calcium
Cloruro de calcio
Cloruro di Calcio E509
Kalcium-klorid

Trade names
34 % Food grade calcium chloride liquid
Aquex 50 (R)
Aquex Plus (R)
Aquex Super (R)
BRINERS CHOICE ™ ANHYDROUS CALCIUM CHLORIDE PELLETS
Cal-Chlor Calcium Chloride Powder
Calcisol
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
Calcium Chloride
calcium chloride dihydrate
calcium chloride pellets
CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
Calcium chloride solution 20-40 %
CASO
chlorid vápenatý dihydrát
DOWFLAKE ™ XTRA CALCIUM CHLORIDE FLAKES
FOOD GRADE ANHYDROUS 94 - 97% CALCIUM CHLORIDE PELLETS
Fudix
Icemelt
LIQUIDOW ™
PELADOW ™ DG CALCIUM CHLORIDE
PelletOil
Premelt
Prowder
UniPell
10035-04-8
10043-52-4
139468-93-2
139468-93-2
7774-34-7

calcium;dichloride;dihydrate
CALCIUM CHLORIDE, DIHYDRATE
MFCD00149613
Cal Plus
Calcium chloride 2-hydrate
Conclyte-Ca (TN)
Calcium chloride (USP)
Calcium chloride [USP:JAN]
Calcium chloride dihydrate, p.a.
Calcium chloride hydrate (JP17)
1653AH
8217AF
AKOS024457459
CALCIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE, ACS
Calcium chloride dihydrate, AR, >=98%
Calcium chloride dihydrate, LR, >=97%
Calcium chloride 10% in plastic container
B7290
Calcium chloride dihydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0%
D02256
Calcium chloride dihydrate, ACS reagent, >=99%
Calcium chloride dihydrate, USP, 99.0-107.0%
Calcium chloride, meets USP testing specifications
J-000112
Calcium chloride dihydrate, BioUltra, >=99.5% (KT)
Calcium chloride dihydrate, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%
Calcium chloride dihydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
Calcium chloride dihydrate, for molecular biology, >=99%
Calcium chloride dihydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%
Calcium chloride dihydrate, JIS special grade, 99.0-103.0%
Calcium chloride dihydrate, SAJ first grade, 98.0-103.0%
Calcium chloride dihydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (KT)
Calcium chloride, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Calcium chloride dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99%
Calcium chloride dihydrate, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, >=99.0%
Calcium chloride dihydrate, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., USP, FCC, E509, 99-103%, <=0.0001% Al
Calcium chloride dihydrate, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, >=98%

CALCIUM DISODIUM EDTA, N° CAS : 62-33-9, Nom INCI : CALCIUM DISODIUM EDTA, Nom chimique : Calciate(2-), [[N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)glycinato]](4-)-N,N',O,O',O(N)-,O(N')-]-, disodium, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-529-9, Classification : EDTA, Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques

DESCRIPTION:
Neutral Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate (Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate) (Chorus-CA729) is an excellent oil-soluble anti-rust additive and anti-emulsifier, widely used in various industrial lubricant applications where rust protection and water resistance are required.
Its chemical structure and properties are similar to neutral barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (Chorus-BSN), and Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate (Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate) can replace Chorus-BSN in some places where the use of barium compounds is restricted.

CAS: 57855-77-3
European Community (EC) Number: 260-991-2
IUPAC Name: calcium;2,3-di(nonyl)naphthalene-1-sulfonate
Molecular Formula: C28H43CaO3S+

SYNONYMS OF CALCIUM DINONYLNAPHTHALENE SULFONATE (CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULFONATE):
Calcium bis(dinonylnaphthalenesulphonate);Dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, calcium salt;EINECS 260-991-2;Naphthalenesulfonic acid, dinonyl-, calcium salt (2:1)

APPLICATIONS OF CALCIUM DINONYLNAPHTHALENE SULFONATE (CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULFONATE):

Work as anti-rust and anti-emulsifier additives in internal combustion engine (ICE) oil, hydraulic oil, paper machine oil, instrument oil, circulating oil, etc.
Chorus-CA-50 is widely used in industrial lubricant oil as a rust and corrosion inhibitor.

Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate (Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate) works as an anti-rust additive in extreme-pressure lubricants.
Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate (Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate) has a certain effect in improving the extreme pressure performance of oil products.

Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate (Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate) is manufactured in the state of the art facility in India which utilizes sophisticated manufacturing processes that can manufacture consistent quality of Normal Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate and High TBN Calcium Petroleum Sulphonates.
Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate (Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate) find uses in various applications from lubricating oil blending to high quality engine oils manufacturing.

GBL manufacture normal as well as high TBN (high total base number -Calcium Petroleum sulphonate.
Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate (Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate) are are used in following applications:

Grease:
Calcium sulfonate greases are generally beneficial for rust performance, with oxidation stability considered good or excellent.calcite particles, inherent in calcium sulfonate greases, make them a good choice for high-temperature applications.
Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate (Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate) is good choice for grease manufacturers as our Sulfonates are available customized specifications and at attractive price.

Calcium Sulfonate Greases are used in automotive, agricultural, construction, food, industry, mining, paper manufacturing and steel mills.

Detergent:
GBL Chemical’s Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate find its use in manufacturing best quality detergent which can be used to prevent sludge deposits.

Rust Preventives & Corrosion Inhibitor:
High Base number as well as normal Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate of Ganesh Benzoplast Limited are well accepted performance chemicals to manufacture rust preventives , inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors oils and lubricants.

Emulsifier:
Emulsifier formulation with corrosion inhibition are best blended with our range of petroleum sulfonates.

Oil Additives:
Calcium Petroleum Sulfonates are used in Engine Oil, MetalWorking, Automatic Transmission Fluid, Industrial and Automotive Gear Oil additives and Lubricants.
GBL’s petroleum sulfonates are used for high temperature applications industrial oils and lubricants blending.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE:

GBL has decades of manufacturing experience to develop products that provide novel, cutting edge innovations.
Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate (Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate) manufacturing process utilizes GBL's in-depth knowledge of chemistry and chemical processes and therefore we are able to supply you the best quality Calcium Petroleum Sulphonates at very competitive price.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM DINONYLNAPHTHALENE SULFONATE (CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULFONATE):
Molecular Weight
499.8 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Rotatable Bond Count
16
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Exact Mass
499.2558823 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Monoisotopic Mass
499.2558823 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Topological Polar Surface Area
65.6Å²
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Heavy Atom Count
33
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
1
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
554
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
2
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Appearance, Clear Brown Viscous Liquid, Visual
Effective content, %, 48~52,
Viscosity(100°C), mm²/s, 50-120,
Water Content, %, ≤0.4,
Calcium Content, %, 2.0-2.2,
Color (diluted),, 1.0-4.5,
Flash Point(COC),°C, ≥160,
Density(15°C), g/cm3, 0.95-1.05,
TBN mgKOH/g, ≤1.0,
Chlorine Content, PPM, ≤20,

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CALCIUM DINONYLNAPHTHALENE SULFONATE (CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULFONATE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Formic acid calcium salt; Calcium diformate; Calcoform; Calciumdiformiat; Diformiato de calcio; Diformiate de calcium; Mravencan vapenaty; calciumformate(ca(hco2)2); calcoform; formatedecalcium; mravencanvapenaty; mravencanvapenaty(czech); Calciumformiat; Calciumformate,98%; Calcium formate, pure, 98%; Ca-formate; Bayer Latibon; Calciun formate; CALCIUM FORMATE, 98%, PURE; Bis(methanoic acid)calcium salt; Bisformic acid calcium salt; Diformic acid calcium salt CAS NO:544-17-2

Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a white to light yellow granular solid.
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used as a detergent.
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, commonly used as a surfactant in industrial and cleaning products, is a type of sulfonate salt.

CAS: 26264-06-2
MF: C36H58CaO6S2
MW: 691.05
EINECS: 247-557-8

Synonyms
26264-06-2,Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt,calcium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate,calcium O-dodecylbenzenesulfonate,CALCIUM DODECYLBENZENESULFONATE,SCHEMBL19083,TGS2U3R573,calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,
Calcium 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate,CALCIUMDODECYLBENZENESULFONATE,AKOS015918169,CALCIUM 2-DODECYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID,NS00084334,
Q27289958

Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, known as the calcium salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, exhibits highly effective detergent properties.
The presence of calcium enhances the foaming properties in formulations and ensures good performance even in hard water.
These characteristics make Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate a preferred foaming and oil-dissolving agent in laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, cleaning agents, and industrial cleaning products.
Additionally, the solubility and surface activity of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate enable its widespread use in many industrial applications.

CALCIUM DODECYLBENZENE SULFONATE Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 843.05℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 1.04[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Pka: 0.7[at 20 ℃]
Water Solubility: 852.7μg/L at 25℃
LogP: 4.77 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 26264-06-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (26264-06-2)

Uses
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in a variety of applications across different industries.
In the detergent industry, Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate serves as a key ingredient in laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, and household cleaning products.
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate ability to enhance foaming and cleaning efficiency, especially in hard water, makes it a valuable component in these products.
Additionally, in the textile industry, Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is utilized as an emulsifier and wetting agent during textile processing.
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate properties help in the even distribution of dyes and chemicals, improving the overall quality of textile finishing.

Moreover, in the petroleum industry, calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate acts as a foaming agent in oil drilling operations.
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate helps in the stabilization of drilling muds and improves the efficiency of drilling processes.
In agriculture, it is used in the formulation of pesticides and herbicides as a dispersing agent.
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate ability to improve the dispersion of active ingredients ensures better coverage and effectiveness of these agricultural chemicals.

A white to light yellow granular solid.
The primary hazard is to the environment.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment.

CAS: 26264-06-2
MF: C36H58CaO6S2
MW: 691.05
EINECS: 247-557-8

Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate appears as a white to light yellow granular solid.
The primary hazard is to the environment.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate used as a detergent.

Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 843.05℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 1.04[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
pka: 0.7[at 20 ℃]
Water Solubility: 852.7μg/L at 25℃
LogP: 4.77 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 26264-06-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (26264-06-2)

Uses
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, plant protection products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, polymers and washing & cleaning products.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is a surfactant salt that lowers the surface tension and aids the cleaning capabilities of our laundry detergent.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is a yellow oily substance that can form strong lamellar crystals in hexagonal or rhombic shapes.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is slightly toxic and has been recognized by international safety organizations as a safe chemical material.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate can be used for cleaning fruits and dishes.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is used in detergents with branched chain structure (ABS) and straight chain structure (LAS).

The branched structure is less biodegradable and Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate can cause environmental pollution.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate has a significant effect on particulate soiling, protein soiling and oil soiling.
Best for cleaning particulate soiling on natural fibers.
the detergency of SDBS increases with temperature.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is better than nonionic surfactants for protein fouling.
However, Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate has two disadvantages, one is poor hard water resistance, and the detergency decreases with the hardness of the water.
Therefore, the detergent must be used together with a suitable chelating mixture.
Second, the decreasing ability is too strong.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is irritating to the skin when hand washing.

Reactivity Profile
Reacts as a base to neutralize acids.
These reactions generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines.
Usually does not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is possible.

Health Hazard
Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach.
Contact with eyes causes irritation.
Has a drying effect on skin; prolonged contact may cause irritation.

Synonyms
26264-06-2
Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt
calcium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
calcium O-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
SCHEMBL19083
TGS2U3R573
calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate
Calcium 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
CALCIUMDODECYLBENZENESULFONATE
AKOS015918169
CALCIUM 2-DODECYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID
Bis(2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid)calcium salt
Q27289958

Calcium formate is a white to almost white fine crystalline powder.
Calcium formate is stable at room temperature, is inflammable and forms orthorhombic crystals.
Calcium formate, Ca(HCOO)2, is the calcium salt of formic acid, HCOOH.

CAS Number: 544-17-2
Molecular Formula: C2H2CaO4
Molecular Weight: 130.11
EINECS: 208-863-7

Calcium formate can be used an accelerator for the pozzolanic cement pastes.
On the one hand, Calcium formate shortens the initial and final setting times and increases the compressive strength and combined water content as well as gel/space ratio at all ages of hydration.

Calcium formate has been shown that it has a growth-promoting effect in weanling pigs challenged with E. coli, independently of their susceptibility to the intestinal adhesion of this strain.
More importantly, calcium formate can be used as a nutrient supplement to the feed of young growing pigs or fattening poultry, further boosting the growth of animals and the feed utilization.

Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.
It is also known as E238.
Under this E number it is used as an animal feed preservative within EU, but not in foods intended for people.

The mineral form is very rare and called formicaite, and is known from a few boron deposits.
Calcium formate is also known as food additive E238 in food industry.
The mineral form is very rare and called formicaite.

Calcium formate is known from a few boron deposits.
Calcium formate may be produced synthetically by reacting calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with formic acid.
One of the primary applications of calcium formate is as a cement accelerator in concrete and mortar mixes.

When added to cement-based formulations, Calcium formate reduces the setting time, allowing the concrete or mortar to gain strength more rapidly.
This property is particularly beneficial in cold weather conditions, where traditional cement hydration may be delayed due to low temperatures.
By accelerating the hardening process, calcium formate helps improve the early strength development and overall performance of cementitious materials.

In animal nutrition, calcium formate is used as a feed additive to supply calcium to animals.
Calcium is an essential mineral for proper bone and teeth development, muscle function, and nerve transmission.
Adding calcium formate to animal feed helps ensure animals receive an adequate supply of calcium in their diet.

Calcium formate is employed as a de-icing agent to prevent the formation of ice on roads, walkways, runways, and other surfaces.
When spread on icy surfaces, it lowers the freezing point of water, causing the ice to melt and preventing further ice formation.
As a fire retardant, calcium formate can be added to certain materials to reduce their flammability and slow down the spread of flames.

In chemical processes, calcium formate acts as a buffering agent to maintain stable pH levels.
Calcium formate helps control acidity or alkalinity in various applications.
In the leather industry, calcium formate is used during the tanning process to improve the quality and characteristics of leather.

Calcium formate can function as a preservative in some products, helping to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of certain items.
Calcium formate is generally compatible with various materials used in the construction industry, including cement, concrete, mortar, and additives.
It can be easily mixed with these materials without causing significant adverse effects on their properties.

Calcium formate is considered to be a more environmentally friendly alternative to some traditional concrete accelerators, such as calcium chloride.
It has a lower environmental impact and is less corrosive to steel reinforcement in concrete.
Calcium formate can be used to regulate the pH level of certain solutions and processes.

Calcium formates buffering properties help maintain the desired pH range, which is essential in many chemical and industrial applications.
When used as a feed additive for animals, calcium formate is considered non-toxic and safe for consumption within recommended dosages.
It provides a valuable source of calcium, which is essential for bone health and other physiological functions in animals.

Calcium formate is regulated differently depending on its intended use and regional regulations.
As with any chemical product, it is crucial to follow local regulations and guidelines when handling and using calcium formate in various applications.

Calcium formate exhibits some hygroscopic properties, meaning it can absorb moisture from the surrounding environment.
Proper storage conditions are essential to prevent caking or clumping of the powder.
When storing calcium formate, it is advisable to keep it in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.

Calcium formate is commercially available in various grades and forms, including powder and granular forms.
The product is commonly packaged in bags or containers suitable for safe transportation and storage.
In addition to the mentioned applications, calcium formate may find use in other industries, such as in the production of adhesives, sealants, and specialty chemicals.

Melting point: 300 °C
Density: 2,02 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 3.41Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka: 3.8[at 20 ℃]
form: orthorhombic crystals
Specific Gravity: 2.02
PH: 7.51(1 mM solution);7.92(10 mM solution);8.24(100 mM solution);8.47(1000 mM solution)
Odor: wh. orthorhombic cryst. or cryst. powd., sl. acetic acid-like odor
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.04
λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.03
Merck: 13,1670
BRN: 3624099
LogP: -2.3 at 20℃

Calcium formate has been shown to be the more easily absorbed form of calcium than calcium carbonate and calcium citrate.
This process is called wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGS).
Calcium formate appears to be more or almost equally effective than some other industrially used WFGS substances.

Calcium formate is formed as a byproduct during the production of trimethylolpropane.
Calcium formate reacts with formaldehyde to give trimethylolpropane and calcium formate.
Calcium formate is separated from the solution, heat treated to remove formaldehyde, and then dried.

Calcium formate can also be made from calcium chloride and formic acid.
Calcium formate is an organic molecular entity.
Calcium Formate is one of many organo-metallic compounds sold under the trade name for non-aqueous uses.

Calcium Formate is usually immediately available in most volumes, including bulk quantities.
Calcium Formate is an additive designed to significantly improve the qualities and properties of tile adhesives.

Calcium formate as an additive prolongs open time, improves adhesions and is a highly effective strength accelerator.
Important for tile grouts where you need acceleration and low crust formation.
Calcium formate even improves water stability, flexibility and homogeneity.

Calcium Formate is also used in concrete - improving acceleration and water stability and tanning of the leather.
Calcium formate is a compound of calcium salt and formic acid.
Calcium formate is used as an additive, as an aggregate for cementitious building materials, among other things.

Calcium formate is also used as an additive designed to significantly improve the quality and properties of tile adhesives.
Calcium formate is used as an animal feed preservative within the EU.
Calcium formate acidifies the feed, preventing microbe growth and extending its shelf life.

Calcium formate is used as a masking agent in chrome tanning of leather.
Calcium Formate in the tanning formulation allows chromium to penetrate the leather faster and more efficiently.
Calcium Formate can be used instead of formic acid in the pickling process.

Calcium Formate is an odorless, free-flowing white crystalline solid.
Calcium formate is a suitable source of calcium and formate ions for aqueous solutions.
The addition of calcium formate is desirable for operation at low temperatures and to prevent corrosion of the metal.

Calcium formate is also effective in preventing flowering.
When used in plasterboard, calcium formate acts as a flame retardant.

Calcium formate is a white to almost white fine crystalline powder.
Calcium formate is an organic substance with the molecular formula C2H2O4Ca, which is used as a feed additive in all kinds of livestock.
Animals with acidification, anti-mildew, anti-bacterial and other effects, also used in industry for concrete, mortar additives.

As a new feed additive, calcium formate is used as a feed additive for piglets, which can increase appetite and reduce diarrhea.
When used in the construction industry, calcium formate prolongs exposure time, accelerates setting and improves adhesion.
Calcium formate increases water stability, which means that especially tile adhesive products can be more durable.

Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium formate is stable at room temperature, flammable and forms orthorhombic crystals.

The mineral form is very rare and is called formicaite and is known from several boron deposits.
Calcium formate appears to be safe as a calcium supplement for individuals taking a once-daily dose of 3.9 g (1200 calcium).

Uses

Calcium formate is an organic salt suitable for use in pig and poultry diets.
Calcium formate acts as a feedstock preservative and has an acidifying effect on the gastro-intestinal tract, which promotes good gut-health.
The efficiency of pig and poultry feedstock digestion is dependent on the indigenous micro-organism concentration in the gastro-intestinal tract.

Acidifiers such as calcium formate preserve the feedstock before consumption and lower the pH in the gastro-intestinal tract, creating unfavourable conditions for these bacteria to grow.
Calcium formate is used extensively in the leather industry as a masking agent in the chrome-tanning process.
The addition of calcium formate to the tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient penetration of the chrome in the leather.

Calcium formate can also be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.
Calcium formate is often used as an additive in concrete and mortar formulations.
It acts as an accelerator, enhancing the setting and hardening process of cementitious materials, particularly in cold weather conditions.

In animal nutrition, calcium formate is used as a feed additive.
Calcium formate serves as a source of calcium, which is essential for bone development and other physiological functions in animals.

Calcium formate is used as a de-icing agent and anti-freeze additive, especially in cold regions.
It helps to lower the freezing point of water, preventing the formation of ice on roads, runways, and other surfaces.
Calcium formate can act as a fire retardant in certain applications, providing resistance to flames and reducing the flammability of materials.

Calcium formate is used as a buffering agent in various chemical processes, helping to stabilize pH levels and maintain the desired acidity or alkalinity.
In the leather industry, calcium formate is employed in the tanning process to improve the quality and properties of leather.
It can be used as an additive in cement-based adhesives, improving their adhesive properties and workability.

Calcium formate is used as a preservative in some applications, helping to prevent microbial growth and extend the shelf life of certain products.
Calcium Formate is used as a food additive and preservative.
It is used as a calcium supplement and a source of organic acid.

Calcium formate can also be used as a flavor enhancer, helping to improve the taste of certain foods.
Additionally, Calcium Formate is used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of certain foods, particularly bread and baked goods.

Calcium Formate is a chemical compound with the formula Ca(HCOO)2.
Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid and has a variety of applications.
In the food industry, Calcium Formate is used as a food additive and a preservative.

Calcium formate is also used in the construction industry as a setting accelerator in cement and concrete formulations.
Additionally, it is used as a feed additive for animals to improve their growth and health.

Calcium Formate is also used as a feed additive for animals, particularly swine and poultry.
It is added to their feed to improve their growth and overall health.
Calcium Formate helps to reduce the incidence of diarrhea and other digestive issues in animals, improving their overall well-being.

Calcium formate is also used as a source of dietary calcium, which is essential for healthy bone growth and development.
Calcium Formate is used in the leather industry as a pickling agent to remove hair and other impurities from animal hides.
It also helps to preserve and soften the leather.

Calcium Formate is as a setting accelerator in the construction industry.
Calcium formate is used as an additive in cement and concrete formulations to accelerate the setting process, resulting in faster curing times.
This helps to improve the strength and durability of concrete structures.

Calcium Formate is also used as an anti-freezing agent for concrete, helping to prevent the formation of ice and improving the workability of the mixture in colder temperatures.
Calcium Formate is used in oil and gas drilling fluids to control the pH and prevent the growth of microorganisms.
Calcium formate also helps to stabilize the viscosity of the drilling mud and reduce the friction and wear of the drilling equipment.

Calcium formate is used within EU as an animal feed preservative.
Calcium formate is used as a masking agent in the chrome tanning of leather.
Calcium formate in tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient leather penetration of the chrome.

Calcium formate can also be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.
As a grout and cement additive, calcium formate imparts a number of desirable properties in the final product, e.g. increased hardness and decreased setting time.
Calcium formates addition is desirable for work at low temperature and for inhibition of corrosion of metal substrates within cement/grout.

Calcium formate is also effective in the prevention of efflorescence.
Calcium formate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and fertilisers.

Other release to the environment of Calcium formate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

One of the primary uses of calcium formate is as a cement accelerator in concrete and mortar.
It speeds up the setting and hardening process, especially in cold weather conditions, leading to faster strength development and improved early-age performance.
Calcium formate is used as a feed additive in animal nutrition to provide a source of calcium, which is essential for bone and teeth development, muscle function, and nerve transmission in animals.

Calcium formate is utilized as a de-icing and anti-freeze agent for roads, runways, and other surfaces during winter.
It helps to melt ice and prevent further ice formation, improving safety and accessibility.
In some applications, calcium formate can act as a fire retardant, reducing the flammability of certain materials and slowing down the spread of flames.

Calcium formate's buffering properties make it useful for pH regulation in various chemical processes, helping to maintain stable acidity or alkalinity levels.
The leather industry uses calcium formate during the tanning process to improve the quality and characteristics of leather products.
Calcium formate is added to cement-based adhesives to improve their adhesive properties and workability.

Safety
Pure calcium formate powder irritates eyes severely, but causes no skin irritation.
The compound has a stinging taste.
Ingesting liquids with high calcium formate concentrations cause severe gastrointestinal lesions.

Toxicity evaluation
Calcium formate has a low order of toxicity.
Calcium formate would be expected to be irritating to the eyes and skin.
In case of eye contact, immediately flush the eyes with water for 15 minutes.

Synonyms
CALCIUM FORMATE
544-17-2
Calcoform
Formic acid, calcium salt
Calcium diformate
calcium;diformate
Calciumformate
Formic acid calcium salt
Mravencan vapenaty
Calcium formate (Ca(HCO2)2)
Mravencan vapenaty [Czech]
HSDB 5019
UNII-NP3JD65NPY
NP3JD65NPY
EINECS 208-863-7
Formic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
EC 208-863-7
calcium bis(formira)
AC1L1WEK
AC1MC2CZ
C2H2CaO4
SCHEMBL39519
CALCIUM FORMATE [MI]
64-18-6 (Parent)
CALCIUM FORMATE [NDI]
Calcium formate, 98%, pure
CALCIUM FORMATE [HSDB]
CH2O2.1/2Ca
NDI 658 [FDMS]
DTXSID0027193
CHEBI:81851
C-H2-O2.1/2Ca
CALCIUM FORMATE [WHO-DD]
CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Formic acid calcium salt (2:1)
AKOS015901918
E238
LS-69666
E-238
FT-0689236
C18586
Q221123

Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium formate is also known as E238.
Calcium Formate is a white to yellow crystalline powder.

CAS Number: 544-17-2
EC Number: 208-863-7
MDL number: MFCD00036108
Chemical formula: Ca(HCO2)2
Molecular Formula: C2H2CaO4 / Ca(HCO2)2 / Ca(CHO2)2

Under this E number Calcium formate is used as an animal feed preservative within EU, but not in foods intended for people.
Calcium Formate increases cement hardness, workability at low temperatures and decreases setting time and prevents efflorescence.
Calcium Formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.

Calcium Formate is an highly water-soluble product, and thanks to Calcium Formate's strong compatibility with plant tissues, Calcium Formate quickly reaches the areas of the plant where the deficiency occurs.
Calcium formate is stable at room temperature and forms orthorhombic crystals.

The mineral form is very rare and called formicaite, and is known from a few boron deposits.
Calcium Formate is also known as food additive E238 in food industry.
The mineral form of Calcium Formate is very rare and called formicaite.

Calcium formate can also be made from calcium hydroxide and carbon monoxide at high pressure and temperature – e.g., at 180 °C and 35 atm.
Calcium Formate is known from a few boron deposits.
Calcium Formate may be produced synthetically by reacting calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with formic acid.

Calcium Formate is stable at room temperature, is inflammable and forms orthorhombic crystals.
The mineral form of Calcium Formate is very rare and called formicaite, and is known from a few boron deposits.
Calcium formate may also be made from calcium chloride and formic acid.

Calcium formate is an organic molecular entity.
Calcium Formate is also known as E238.
Calcium Formate is white solid.

Calcium Formate is soluble in water.
Calcium Formate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold by American Elements for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications.

Calcium Formate contains 69% of formic acid and 31% of calcium with low PH and neutral moisture.
The molecular weight of Calcium Formate is 130.12, and it has bulk density of 72.6 lbs/ft3.
Calcium Formate shortens the initial and final setting times and increases the compressive strength and combined water content as well as gel/space ratio at all ages of hydration.

Calcium Formate is a white to almost white fine crystalline powder.
Calcium Formate is generally immediately available in most volumes, including bulk quantities.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.

As an additive Calcium Formate prolongs open time, improves adhesions and is a highly efficient strength accelerator.
Calcium Formate is an additive designed to significantly improve the qualities and properties of tile adhesives.
Calcium Formate is a white crystal powder used as a construction additive with a range of benefits.

Calcium Formate's capable of slowing the working process by extending the opening time.
Under this E number Calcium Formate is used as an animal feed preservative within EU, but not in foods intended for people.
Calcium Formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.

Calcium Formate improves adhesion, water stability, flexibility, and homogeneity in cement or concrete.
However, Calcium Formate isn't suitable for human consumption.
Calcium formate is an essential preservative in animal feed within the EU region.

Calcium Formate is a white to yellow solid in crystal or powder form at ambient temperatures with a slight acidic odor.
Calcium Formate decreases the total porosity.
Calcium Formate, Ca(HCOO)2, is the calcium salt of formic acid, HCOOH.

Calcium Formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium Formate is an odourless, free-flowing white crystalline solid.
Calcium Formate is a convenient source of calcium and formate ions for aqueous solutions.

Calcium Formate is one of the numerous organometallic compounds and an additive produced to significantly enhance the qualities and properties of tile adhesives.
The availability of Calcium Formate is in abundance and can be conveniently bought in major volumes and bulk quantities.
Calcium Formate is formed as a co-product during trimethylolpropane production, Calcium Formate can also be made from calcium hydroxide and carbon monoxide at high pressure and temperature or from calcium chloride and formic acid.

Calcium formate is a compound of calcium salt and formic acid.
Calcium Formate is formed by the reaction of carbon monoxide and calcium hydroxide or formaldehyde with calcium compound contained in an aqueous solution.
Calcium Formate is formed by the reaction of carbon monoxide and calcium hydroxide or formaldehyde with calcium compound contained in an aqueous solution.

Calcium Formate is soluble in water.
Calcium Formate may be produced synthetically by reacting calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with formic acid.
Calcium Formate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.

Calcium Formate [Ca(HCOO)2] is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium Formate, when heated with a calcium salt of a carboxylic acid higher in the series, yields an aldehyde.
Calcium Formate is a white or light yellow powder that is soluble in water and stable under ordinary conditions.

Calcium Formate is white solid, solubility at 0 °C 13.90 g, at 40 °C 14.56 g, at 80 °C 15.22 g of anhydrous salt per 100 g saturated solution, formed by reaction of calcium carbonate or hydroxide and formic acid.
Calcium Formate has Calcium Formate's wide uses in non-aqueous solubilities such as solar energy and water treatment applications.

Calcium Formate is a compound of calcium salt and formic acid.
Calcium Formate is an organic molecular entity comprises of calcium and FORMATE ions.
Calcium Formate is a white crystalline, inflammable solid with no odor which is also known as E238 and stable at room temperature.

Calcium Formate is produced during the production of trimethylolpropane as a co-product where Calcium Hydroxide is utilized as a calcium source.
Calcium Formate is synthesized from several reactions such as by reacting Calcium Hydroxide and Carbon Monoxide at high temperature and pressure and by reacting Calcium Chloride and Formic Acid.

Calcium Formate is a naturally occurring chemical found in the human body and in many food sources.
Calcium Formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CALCIUM FORMATE:
An industrial chemical compound and faster setting, Calcium Formate, early strength gains accelerating admixture for concrete or mortars.
Calcium Formate is an organic salt suitable for use in pig and poultry diets.
As an additive Calcium Formate prolongs open time, improves adhesions and is a highly efficient strength accelerator which is of importance for tile mortars where you need acceleration and low skin formation.

Calcium Formate is used in the building industry, in the production of feedstuff mixtures, for silage and in the tannery.
Calcium Formate is used in chrome tanning and flue gas scrubbing
Calcium Formate for concrete and dry mortar applications to accelerate setting and hardening of concrete with especially good effect at low temperatures.

Calcium Formate is also used in leather tanning, producing formic acid, concrete cure accelerator.
Calcium Formate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Calcium Formate is used Raw material in the chemical industry, Textile and leather industry, Production of glues and adhesives, Industrial raw material, Construction industry, Concrete admixture, Building material, Wastewater treatment, Fabric, textile and leather products, and Corrosion inhibitor and anti-scaling agent.

Calcium Formate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and fertilisers.
The addition of Calcium Formate to the tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient penetration of the chrome in the leather.
Calcium Formate can also be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.

Other release to the environment of Calcium Formate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Other release to the environment of Calcium Formate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use.

Calcium Formate is also used in animal feed.
Calcium Formate is used adhesives and sealants, Fillers, Putties, Plasters, Modelling clay, and Fertilisers.
Calcium Formate can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material).

Calcium Formate can shorten the initial setting time.
Calcium Formate can normallzies the cement/mortar retardation under low temperature conditions.
Calcium Formate is commonly used as a component of an ensiling agent for silage treatment.

The use of Calcium Formate in the silage suppresses the formation of side reaction products such as propionic acid, while promoting the formation of desirable lactic acid in anaerobic fermentation.
Calcium Formate is white crystal with excellent fluidity, which is often used as an setting-Accelerator in mortar.

In dry-mixed mortar products, such as thermal insulation mortar, tile adhesive, cement-based plaster, repair mortar, etc, in order to improve the early strength, high-alumina cement and gypsum are usually used as coagulant, (at low temperature, Calcium Formate is also necessary to add antifreeze ).
Calcium Formate can also be used as a new feed additive.
The use of Calcium Formate as a feed additive for piglets can promote appetite, reduce the rate of diarrhea in piglets, and achieve weight gain.

Calcium Formate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, fertilisers and laboratory chemicals.
Calcium Formate is used in the following areas: health services and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Calcium Formate is mainly used in construction mortar and various concretes to speed up the hardening speed of cement and shorten the setting time, especially in winter construction, to avoid slow setting speed at low temperature.
Other release to the environment of Calcium Formate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).

Calcium Formate is added to feed, as Calcium Formate promotes the propagation of coli bacillus and other pathogenic bacteria.
Usage of Calcium Formate in silage suppresses the formation of side reaction products such as propionic acid, while promoting the formation of desirable lactic acid in anaerobic fermentation.
Calcium Formate is a kind of setting-Accelerator that can accelerates concrete/mortar coagulation and hardening.

Calcium Formate is used in concrete - acceleration and improves water stability and leather tanning.
Calcium Formate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and polymers.
Release to the environment of Calcium Formate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

The demoulding is fast, so that the cement can be put into use as soon as possible.
Calcium Formate acidifies the feed thus preventing microbe growth and increasing shelf life.
Calcium Formate prevents the growth of fungi like Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.

Calcium Formate is used in the following products: leather treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Calcium Formate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and printing and recorded media reproduction.
As a grout and cement additive, Calcium Formate imparts a number of desirable properties in the final product, increased hardness and decreased setting time.

Calcium Formate can be used an accelerator for the pozzolanic cement pastes.
Calcium Formate is used in the concrete industry and in certain animal food products.
Calcium Formate is also used to improve the strength of blocks and bricks, and concrete and adhesives.

Calcium Formate increases the hardness of products and decreases the setting time, as compared to that required by ordinary cement.
Calcium Formate can increase the rate of early strength growth.
Calcium Formate can shorten the mold closing time in the module during the production of concrete prefabricated parts.

Calcium Formate can be used in concrete, dry mortar and tile adhesives, acting on both setting and hardening time by accelerating the formation of tricalcium alluminate silicate.
Depending on the dosage of Calcium Formate, Calcium Formate also can strongly modify the initial workability of the wet mortar.

Calcium Formate is used for the manufacture of: mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Calcium Formate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of the substance.

Calcium Formate is also extensively used for indoor use such as in machine wash liquids, detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances, and air fresheners.
Calcium Formate is used De-icer, Preservative, Animal feed, Building & Construction products, Floor coverings, Coatings & Construction, Animal Nutrition, Chemical Processing, Adhesives & Sealants, Beamhouse, and Chemical synthesis.

Release to the environment of Calcium Formate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Calcium Formate is employed as a cement additive in the construction industry to increase the strength of cement products.

Calcium Formate is used Concrete & Remicon (Ready-mix Concrete) Additives, Animal Feed, Textile Dyeing & Finishing, and Others (including Anti-corrosion Additive, De-icing Agent, and Oil Well Drilling).
In a role of additives, Calcium Formate prolongs open time, improves adhesions, and is a highly efficient strength accelerator.
In drywall (gypsum board), Calcium Formate can function as a fire retardant.

Calcium Formate and urea mixtures are effective deicers, and tend to cause less corrosion of steel and cement surfaces relative to some other deicers.
Calcium Formate is used as a masking agent in the chrome tanning process in the leather industry.
Addition of Calcium Formate helps in penetration of chrome in the leather with more efficiency during the chrome tanning process.

Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium Formate has a dual role as a new type of setting-Accelerator , which can accelerate the hardening speed of cement, improve the early strength, and avoid the slow setting speed of mortar in winter construction or low temperature and humidity so that the mortar can be put into use as early as possible, especially contributing to the early strength.

Calcium Formate is used in tile adhesives to improve water stability and workability.
Calcium Formate is used, among other things, as an aggregate for cementitious building materials, as an additive for processing oil emulsions or as an additive for animal feed.

Calcium Formate is added to the feed, as Calcium Formate inhibits the propagation of coli bacillus and other pathogenic bacteria and promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus.
Thus, diarrhea caused by bacterial infection among animals is prevented.

Calcium Formate is also effective in the prevention of efflorescence.
Calcium Formate is widely used as concrete & remicon additives in the construction industry.
Calcium Formate helps prevent the corrosion of metals in construction activities.

Calcium Formate has various uses in several industries.
Calcium Formate is used in many products, including adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modeling clay, and fertilizers.
Calcium Formate is used as a preservative in feed for all animal species.

The application of Calcium Formate improves the organoleptic properties of fruits and vegetables and the increase in shelf-life.
Calcium formate is formed as a co-product during trimethylolpropane production, it can also be made from calcium hydroxide and carbon monoxide at high pressure and temperature or from calcium chloride and formic acid.

Calcium formate is used within EU as an animal feed preservative.
Calcium Formate can be used as a dietary ingredient and as a nutrient.
Calcium is vital for strong bone and teeth formation.

Calcium Formate is added to wet calcium carbonate to promote the formation of gypsum when exhaust is run through it.
This process is called wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGS).
Gypsum binds sulfur oxides thus reducing their release to the environment via exhaust.

Calcium Formate is also effective in the prevention of efflorescence.
Calcium Formate is utilized in gypsum boards, as it has fire retardant properties.
Calcium Formate is used especially in feed for rearing piglets as a highly available calcium carrier.

Calcium Formate is used as an acidulant and preservative in livestock feed to regulate Calcium Formate.
Calcium Formate is an organic salt that is extensively employed as an additive in animal feed.
Calcium Formate acts as a preservative in animal feed and promotes good health due to the acidifying effect on the gastro-intestinal tract of animals.

In winter construction, Calcium Formate can be used to avoid too low condensation at low temperatures and to quickly release cement to increase cement strength as quickly as possible.
Calcium Formate is primarily used in the manufacture of tiling grouts and concrete products.

Calcium Formate helps to maintain a regular heartbeat and transmission of nerve impulses.
Calcium Formate is Hydrophobic additives for construction materials.
Calcium Formate is used preservative for food, silage; as binder for fine-ore briquets; in drilling fluids and lubricants.

Calcium Formate can be used as a nutrient supplement to the feed of young growing pigs or fattening poultry, further boosting the growth of animals and the feed utilization.
Calcium Formate causes a reduction of the occurrence of piglet diarrhea.

Calcium Formate is used as a preservative, as a buffer (pH 4) and in mineral tanning solutions.
Calcium Formate is used as a preservative for silage and food, a binder for fine ore briquettes, a component of drilling fluids and lubricants, and a concrete setting accelerator.

Calcium Formate is used as a food additive in the food industry.
Calcium Formate is used Coal, Concrete Admixtures, Construction material, Feedstuff additives, Gas desulphurization, Manufacturing of dyestuffs, Manufacturing of glues and adhesives, Silage preservation agents, Soaking, and Textile auxiliaries.

Calcium Formate is an additive designed to significantly improve the qualities and properties of tile adhesives.
Calcium formate acidifies the feed thus preventing microbe growth and increasing shelf life.
About 15 g of calcium formate addition per kg of feed lowers its pH by one.
15 g/kg is the maximum recommended feed concentration within EU – this level is thought to be safe for pigs, chickens, fish and ruminants.

Calcium formate is not environmentally harmful in feed use at these levels.
Calcium Formate can also be utilized as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.
Calcium Formate can shorten the time of concrete reaching load capacity.

Calcium Formate is used agriculture Intermediates, Animal Nutrition & Feed, Food & Beverage, Food Additives, Coatings, Paints, Agriculture & Animal Care, and Food & Beverage.
Calcium formate prevents the growth bacteria such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus hirae in growth mediums.

Calcium formate also prevents the growth of fungi like Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.
However, the relevance of these experimental observations to feed preservation is not known.
Calcium Formate acts as a feedstock preservative and has an acidifying effect on the gastro-intestinal tract, which promotes good gut-health.

Calcium Formate is used extensively in the leather industry as a masking agent in the chrome-tanning process.
Calcium Formate is used Leather Tanning and Processing, Metal Extraction and Refining, Cement Producing, and Petroleum Production and Refining.
Calcium Formate in tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient leather penetration of the chrome.

Calcium Formate's addition is desirable for work at low temperature and for inhibition of corrosion of metal substrates within cement/grout.
Calcium formate is used as a masking agent in the chrome tanning of leather.
Calcium Formate seems to be more effective than or almost equally as effective as some other industrially used WFGS agents.

Calcium Formate is used Feed Additives, Tile & Stone Additives, Concrete Setting, Leather Tanning, Drilling Fluids, Textile Additives, Flue gas desulfurization, Animal Husbandry, Chemical, Textile, and Construction.
Calcium formate in tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient leather penetration of the chrome.

Calcium formate can also be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.
As a grout and cement additive, calcium formate imparts a number of desirable properties in the final product, e.g. increased hardness and decreased setting time.
Calcium Formate is used within EU as an animal feed preservative.

Calcium Formate's addition is desirable for work at low temperature and for inhibition of corrosion of metal substrates within cement/grout.
Calcium Formate also be used as a component in the manufacture of industrial drilling fluids and lubricants, in the tanning of leather, and in flue gas scrubbing operations.

Calcium Formate is used extensively in the leather industry as a masking agent in the chrome-tanning process.
Calcium Formate is a technological feed additive belonging to the functional group “preservatives”, protects feed against deterioration caused by micro-organisms (e.g. bacteria, molds, yeasts) or their metabolites.

Calcium Formate is also effective in the prevention of efflorescence. In drywall (gypsum board), calcium formate can function as a fire retardant.
Calcium Formate could be used to remove environmentally harmful (see acid rain) sulfur oxides (SOX) from fossil fuel exhausts of e.g. power plants.
Calcium Formate is used as an admixture in grout and cement.

Calcium formate and urea mixtures are effective deicers, and tend to cause less corrosion of steel and cement surfaces relative to some other deicers.
Calcium Formate is an additive without a corrosive effect on reinforcement.
Calcium Formate is widely used in construction, tanning, and textile manufacture and as an E238 biological additive in cosmetology and the food industry.

The primary role of Calcium Formate is to accelerate the hydration of tricalcium silicate in cement.
And improve the cement strength at an early stage.
Calcium Formate prevents the growth bacteria such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus hirae in growth mediums.

Calcium Formate can be used as a fast setting agent to enhance the early strength of cement.
Calcium Formate has a great effect on building mortar and various concrete, speeding up the hardening speed of cement and shortening the setting time.
The majority influence of calcium formate accelerator depends on tricalcium silicate content in cement.
The lesser the tricalcium silicate added, the better the strength effect.

Furthermore, Calcium Formate will maintain the strength of the mortar at a later stage.
Calcium Formate has an excellent anti-freezing impact.
The fantastic concrete accelerator comes with a 2-in-1 function.

Calcium Formate speeds up the cement setting process and avoids delaying the setting speed due to low temperatures in winter construction.
At the same time, increase the cement intensity, especially at the early stage.
Calcium Formate is used as a masking agent in the chrome tanning of leather.
Calcium Formate does the same in high temperatures as well.

Calcium Formate can be used as a fire retardant in gypsum, a masking agent in leather tanning and animal feed preservative in agriculture.
Calcium Formate is used leather tanning, in producing formic acid, to accelerate the hardening of concrete and in animal feed.
Calcium Formate is primarily used in concrete, dry mortar, and tile adhesive.

Calcium Formate influences the setting and hardening time by accelerating the formation of tricalcium silicate.
Calcium Formate can modify the initial workability of wet mortar according to the usage amount.
Calcium Formate is used, among other things, as an aggregate for cementitious building materials, as an additive for processing oil emulsions or as an additive for animal feed.

Calcium Formate is used as a potential energy source in the preparation of fuel cells.
Calcium Formate is used in chemical synthesis of various anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents.
Calcium Formate can be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.

-Cement Additive:
As an additive to grouts and cement, Calcium Formate imparts a number of properties desirable in the final product, e.g. increased hardness and decreased setting time in comparison to ordinary cements.
The addition of Calcium Formate is desirable for work at low temperature and for inhibition of corrosion of metal substrates.
Calcium Formate is also effective in the prevention of efflorescence.
When used in gypsum board, Calcium Formate functions as a fire retardant.

-Key applications of Calcium Formate:
*Fabric, textile and leather products
*Corrosion inhibitor and anti-scaling agent
*De-icer
*Preservative
*Animal feed
*Building & Construction products
*Floor coverings

-De- icing agent:
Mixtures of Calcium Formate with urea are excellent agents for the melting of ice.
Less corrosion of steel and cement surfaces is observed than with other de-icers.

-Calcium Formate is used in concrete for acceleration and improves water stability and leather tanning.
Calcium Formate find utility in many applications including Leather Tanning as a masking agent in a tanning process, as a cement additive, silage treatment, for flue-gas desulfurization, as an animal feed, as a deicing agent, as a corrosion inhibitor, in the production of safety explosives and others.
The major end use industries of Calcium Formate are Textile and Leather industry, Feed additive, Building and Construction, Chemicals, and Others.

-Leather Tanning:
Calcium formate is used extensively in the leather industry as a masking agent in the chrome-tanning process.
The addition of calcium formate to the tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient penetration of the
chrome in the leather.
Calcium formate can also be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.

-Silage Treatment:
Calcium Formate is commonly used as a component of an ensiling agent for silage treatment.
The use of Calcium Formate in the silage suppresses the formation of side reaction products such as propionic acid, while promoting the formation of desirable lactic acid in anaerobic fermentation.

-Leather Tanning:
Calcium Formate is used extensively in the leather industry as a masking agent in the chrome-tanning process.
The addition of Calcium Formate to the tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient penetration of the chrome in the leather.
Calcium Formate can also be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.

-Silage Treatment:
Calcium formate is commonly used as a component of an ensiling agent for silage treatment.
The use of calcium formate in the silage suppresses the formation of side reaction products such as propionic acid, while promoting the formation of desirable lactic acid in anaerobic fermentation.

-Gas Generation:
A mixture of calcium formate with ammonium nitrate or with chlorate, perchlorate, peroxide, superoxide or permanganate of an alkali metal will rapidly evolve large volumes of gas when ignited.
Because the released gases are cool, non-poisonous and non-irritating, they could be used for the inflation of automobile passenger restraint bags or other similar applications.

-Flue-gas Desulfurization:
SOx is abated in the flue-gases from the burning of high-sulfur fuel oil if the oil has been emulsified with a solution containing Calcium Formate before burning. As much as 95% of the SOx is removed.

-Safety Explosives:
Calcium Formate can be used as the fuel component in explosives designed to have improved deflagration behaviour.
Such explosives are suitable for use in hazardous atmospheres often encountered in coalmines.

-Flue-gas Desulfurization
SOx is abated in the flue-gases from the burning of high-sulfur fuel oil if the oil has been emulsified with a solution containing calcium formate before burning.
As much as 95% of the SOx is removed.

-Calcium Formate in Concrete:
Calcium Formate allows concrete to be set within 4 hours under normal conditions.
While assuring the early strength of mortar or concrete.
Calcium Formate increases mortar strength without compromising other technical properties.
Calcium Formate is compatible with other additives.

-Other uses:
Calcium Formate can be used as an additive to improve solution stability of various resins, as a corrosion inhibitor in moulding and wire-drawing operations, or as a catalyst in place of calcium acetate.

-Calcium Formate in Tile Adhesive:
Calcium Formate is a construction additive designed to improve the qualities and properties of tile adhesives significantly.
Calcium Formate joint application effectively extends the opening time, increases adhesion and is an effective strength accelerator, a vital indicator for tile mortars.

-Calcium Formate Feed Additive:
The EU has evaluated Calcium Formate as a preservative in all animal species.
And Calcium Formate is not expected to adversely affect the safety of target animals when used in recommended doses—the demand for Calcium Formate as a feed additive is expected to grow significantly in the coming years.

-Safety Explosives:
Calcium formate can be used as the fuel component in explosives designed to have improved deflagration behaviour.
Such explosives are suitable for use in hazardous atmospheres often encountered in coalmines.

-De- icing agent:
Mixtures of calcium formate with urea are excellent agents for the melting of ice.
Less corrosion of steel and cement surfaces is observed than with other de-icers.

-Other uses:
Calcium formate can be used as an additive to improve solution stability of various resins, as a corrosion inhibitor
in moulding and wire-drawing operations, or as a catalyst in place of calcium acetate.

-Applications of Calcium Formate:
*Raw material in the chemical industry
*Textile and leather industry
*Production of glues and adhesives
*Industrial raw material
*Construction industry
*Concrete admixture
*Building material
*Wastewater treatment

-Animal Feed Additive:
Calcium formate is an organic salt suitable for use in pig and poultry diets.
Calcium Formate acts as a feedstock preservative and has an acidifying effect on the gastro-intestinal tract, which promotes good gut-health.
The efficiency of pig and poultry feedstock digestion is dependent on the indigenous micro-organism concentration in the gastro-intestinal tract.
With the approaching ban on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in animal feed as a means to control disease and promote growth, alternatives are needed to limit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the gut which can impair
feedstock digestion as well as cause enteric diseases such as E. Coli and Salmonella.
Acidifiers such as calcium formate preserve the feedstock before consumption and lower the pH in the gastro-intestinal
tract, creating unfavourable conditions for these bacteria to grow.

-Gas Generation:
A mixture of Calcium Formate with ammonium nitrate or with chlorate, perchlorate, peroxide, superoxide or permanganate of an alkali metal will rapidly evolve large volumes of gas when ignited.
Because the released gases are cool, non-poisonous and non-irritating, they could be used for the inflation of automobile passenger restraint bags or other similar applications.

-Applications of Calcium Formate:
*Adhesives & Sealants
*Beamhouse
*Chemical synthesis
*Coal
*Concrete Admixtures
*Construction material
*Feedstuff additives
*Gas desulphurization
*Manufacturing of dyestuffs
*Manufacturing of glues and adhesives
*Silage preservation agents
*Soaking
*Textile auxiliaries

-Animal Feed Additive:
Calcium Formate is an organic salt suitable for use in pig and poultry diets.
Calcium Formate acts as a feedstock preservative and has an acidifying effect on the gastro-intestinal tract, which promotes good gut-health.
The efficiency of pig and poultry feedstock digestion is dependent on the indigenous micro-organism concentration in the gastro-intestinal tract.
With the approaching ban on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in animal feed as a means to control disease and promote growth, alternatives are needed to limit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the gut which can impair feedstock digestion as well as cause enteric diseases such as E Coli and Salmonella.
Acidifiers such as Calcium Formate preserve the feedstock before consumption and lower the pH in the gastro-intestinal tract, creating unfavourable conditions for these bacteria to grow.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF CALCIUM FORMATE:
Calcium formate can be used to prepare solutions of other water-soluble formate salts.
For example, the addition of nickel (II) sulfate to a solution of calcium formate results in the precipitation of insoluble calcium sulfate, leaving nickel (II) formate in solution:
Ca(OOCH)2 + NiSO1 → CaSO4 + Ni(OOCH)2
In a similar reaction, sulfuric acid reacts with calcium formate to provide low-cost solutions of formic acid:
Ca(OOCH)2 + H2 SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HCOOH
When heated, calcium formate decomposes to calcium carbonate and formaldehyde:
Ca(OOCH)2 → CaCO3 + HCHO
Continued heating at higher temperatures results in the breakdown of these decomposition products:
HCHO → CO + H2
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Calcium formate can be used as a low-cost reducing agent in the conversion of carboxylic acids to aldehydes*.
This process is an effective substitute for the troublesome Rosenmund reduction.
(RCOO)2Ca + (HCOO)2CA → 2RCH + 2CaCO3

CALCIUM FORMATE CHARACTERISTIC VALUES:
Calcium Formate is added into dry mixed building materials to speed up the setting speed of cement.
Typically use of low-temperature construction environment.
Calcium Formate improves the early strength of cement.
Calcium Formate applies for thermal insulation mortar, waterproof mortar and repair mortar.

PRODUCTION OF CALCIUM FORMATE:
Calcium formate is formed as a co-product during trimethylolpropane production.
Hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) is used as the source of calcium.
Butyraldehyde and formaldehyde react in a water solution in the presence of a basic catalyst, forming an unstable intermediate product, dimethylol butyraldehyde (DIMBA).
DIMBA reacts further with formaldehyde to give trimethylolpropane and calcium formate.
Calcium formate is separated from the solution, heat treated to remove formaldehyde and then dried.

PRODUCTION of CALCIUM FORMATE:
Calcium Formate is formed as a co-product during trimethylolpropane production.
Hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) is used as the source of calcium.
Butyraldehyde and formaldehyde react in a water solution in the presence of a basic catalyst, forming an unstable intermediate product, dimethylol butyraldehyde (DIMBA).
DIMBA reacts further with formaldehyde to give trimethylolpropane and Calcium Formate.

Calcium Formate is separated from the solution, heat treated to remove formaldehyde and then dried.
Calcium Formate can also be made from calcium hydroxide and carbon monoxide at high pressure and temperature – e.g., at 180 °C and 35 atm.
Calcium Formate may also be made from calcium chloride and formic acid.

RESEARCH OF CALCIUM FORMATE:
Calcium formate seems to be safe as a calcium supplement for people with one time doses of 3.9 g (1200 of calcium) per day.
Increases in blood formate concentration have been observed with such doses, but in healthy subjects the formate does not accumulate, and is quickly metabolized.
Calcium formate is shown to be more readily absorbed form of calcium than calcium carbonate and calcium citrate.
No optic nerve damage has been observed with calcium formate supplementation – along with formaldehyde, formate is a major metabolic product of methanol, which can cause blindness upon ingestion.
Calcium formate could be used to remove environmentally harmful (see acid rain) sulfur oxides (SOX) from fossil fuel exhausts of e.g. power plants.
Calcium formate is added to wet calcium carbonate to promote the formation of gypsum when exhaust is run through it.
This process is called wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGS).
Gypsum binds sulfur oxides thus reducing their release to the environment via exhaust.
Calcium formate seems to be more effective than or almost equally as effective as some other industrially used WFGS agents.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS of CALCIUM FORMATE:
Calcium Formate can be used to prepare solutions of other water-soluble FORMATE salts.
For example, the addition of nickel (II) sulfate to a solution of Calcium Formate results in the precipitation of insoluble calcium sulfate, leaving nickel (II) FORMATE in solution:
Ca(OOCH)2 + NiSO1 → CaSO4 + Ni(OOCH)2

In a similar reaction, sulfuric acid reacts with Calcium Formate to provide low-cost solutions of formic acid:
Ca(OOCH)2 + H2 SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HCOOH
When heated, Calcium Formate decomposes to calcium carbonate and formaldehyde:
Ca(OOCH)2 → CaCO3 + HCHO

Continued heating at higher temperatures results in the breakdown of these decomposition products:
HCHO → CO + H2
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Calcium Formate can be used as a low-cost reducing agent in the conversion of carboxylic acids to aldehydes.
This process is an effective substitute for the troublesome Rosenmund reduction.
(RCOO)2Ca + (HCOO)2CA → 2RCH + 2CaCO

ADDITION RATES of CALCIUM FORMATE:
Dosage rates will be dependent on mix design, process, types of materials and the desired effect but typically:
500gms – 2000gms per 100 kg cement
(0.50% – 2.00% by weight of cement)
It is advisable to carry out preliminary tests to establish the correct dosage for the application.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CALCIUM FORMATE:
Chemical formula: Ca(HCO2)2
Molar mass: 130.113 g/mol
Appearance: white-to-yellow crystals or crystalline powder
Odor: smells slightly like acetic acid
Density: 2.02 g/cm3[3]
Melting point: decomposes at 300 °C
Solubility in water: 16.1 g/100 g (0 °C), 18.4 g/100 g (100 °C)
Solubility: insoluble in ethanol
methanol: 0.27 g/100 g (15 °C)
0.23 g/100 g (66 °C)

Appearance: White Crystal
Purity: ≥98%
Calcium content: ≥30.1
Moisture: ≤1%
Bulk density(g/L): 900-1000g/l
Particle size(100mesh): ≤5%
Heavy metal: 20ppm max
pH: 6.5~8.0
Molecular Weight: 130.11
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 129.9578994
Monoisotopic Mass: 129.9578994
Topological Polar Surface Area: 80.3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 7.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: > 300 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 2 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 172 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: < -2,6 at 20 °C
Autoignition temperature: 292 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Surface tension: 72 mN/m at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 3,79 at 20 °C

Molar mass: 130.113 g/mol
Appearance: white-to-yellow crystals or crystalline powder
Odor: smells slightly like acetic acid
Density: 2.02 g/cm3
Melting point: decomposes at 300 °C
Solubility in water: 16.1 g/100 g (0 °C)
Solubility in water: 18.4 g/100 g (100 °C)
Solubility: insoluble in ethanol
Solubility in methanol: 0.27 g/100 g (15 °C)
Solubility in methanol: 0.23 g/100 g (66 °C)
Water Solubility: 405.0 mg/mL
logP: -0.1
logP: -0.27
logS: 0.49

pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.27
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 40.13 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 18.99 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 3.04 Å3
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

FIRST AID MEASURES of CALCIUM FORMATE:
-General advice:
Consult a physician.
-If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
-In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Consult a physician.
-If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CALCIUM FORMATE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CALCIUM FORMATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CALCIUM FORMATE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use face shield and safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CALCIUM FORMATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CALCIUM FORMATE:
-Reactivity: No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

SYNONYMS:
Calcium diformate
Formic acid calcium salt, calcoform
CALCIUM FORMATE
544-17-2
Calcoform
Formic acid, calcium salt
Calcium diformate
calcium;diformate
Calciumformate
Formic acid calcium salt
Mravencan vapenaty
Calcium formate (Ca(HCO2)2)
Mravencan vapenaty [Czech]
HSDB 5019
UNII-NP3JD65NPY
NP3JD65NPY
EINECS 208-863-7
Formic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
calcium bis(formira)
AC1L1WEK
AC1MC2CZ
C2H2CaO4
EC 208-863-7
SCHEMBL39519
CALCIUM FORMATE [MI]
64-18-6 (Parent)
CALCIUM FORMATE [NDI]
Calcium formate, 98%, pure
CALCIUM FORMATE [HSDB]
NDI 658 [FDMS]
DTXSID0027193
CHEBI:81851
CALCIUM FORMATE [WHO-DD]
MFCD00036108
AKOS015901918
E238
E-238
FT-0689236
C18586
Q221123
Formic acid calcium salt
CALCIUM FORMATE
Calcium diformate
Formic acid, calcium salt
Calcoform
calcium;diformate
Calciumformate
Mravencan vapenaty
UNII-NP3JD65NPY
Calcium formate (Ca(HCO2)2)
Formic acid calcium salt
HSDB 5019
NP3JD65NPY
Formic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
calcium bis(formira)
AC1L1WEK
AC1MC2CZ
SCHEMBL39519
Calcium formate, 98%, pure
DTXSID0027193
AKOS015901918
FT-0689236
C18586
Q221123
Formic acid calcium salt
Formic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
LQ5600000
(FORMYLOXY)CALCIO FORMATE
1312710-55-6 [RN]
calcium and diformate
calcium dimethanoate
Calcium formate (Ca(HCO2)2)
CALCIUM FORMATE|CALCIUM DIFORMATE
diformate
calciumformate
Calcoform
EINECS 208-863-7
FORMIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT
Cafo
Calcium formate
calcium diformate
Calcium methanoate
E238
calcium formate
calcium diformate
formic acid
calcium salt, calcoform
calcium formate ca hco2 2
formic acid calcium salt
np3jd65npy, formic acid

CALCIUM GLYCINATE, N° CAS : 35947-07-0, Nom INCI : CALCIUM GLYCINATE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 252-809-5, Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

BETA-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE CALCIUM SALT; CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE; CALCIUM GLYCERYLPHOSPHATE; GLYCEROPHOSPHORIC ACID CALCIUM SALT; 1,2,3-Propanetriol,mono(dihydrogenphosphate),calciumsalt(1:1); Calucium Glycerophosphate; Calcium glycerinophosphate; CALCIUMGLYCEROPHOSPHATE,FCC; neurosin; CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE POWDER CAS NO:27214-00-2

Calcium hypochlorite is commonly used to sanitize public swimming pools and disinfect drinking water.
Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(OCl)2 and appears as a white granular solid or tablets compressed from the granules having an odor of chlorine.
Calcium hypochlorite has excellent stability when kept in dry storage, maintaining its potency over time, and generally contains about 70% available chlorine, making it suitable for both drinking water and wastewater applications.

CAS Number: 7778-54-3
EC Number: 231-908-7
Molecular Formula: Ca.2ClHO
Molecular Weight: 142.98

Synonyms: CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, 7778-54-3, Calcium hypochloride, Hypochlorous acid, calcium salt, Bleaching powder, Hypochlorous acid, calcium salt (2:1), 11DXB629VZ, Pittchlor, Pittcide, Pittclor, Sentry, Chemichlor G, Chlorine of lime, Solvox KS, T-Eusol, Chlorolime chemical, Caswell No. 145, HTH (bleaching agent), Chloride of lime(DOT), Calcium chlorohypochloride, Calcium chlorohydrochlorite, Hipoclorito calcico, Hipoclorito calcico [Spanish], Bleaching powder(DOT) (VAN), calcium dihypochlorite, CCRIS 9132, HSDB 914, Hypochlorite de calcium [French], Hypochlorite de calcium, EINECS 231-908-7, NSC 21546, UN1748, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 014701, UN 1748, UNII-11DXB629VZ, EC 231-908-7, CHEMBL2251447, DTXSID1029700, CHEBI:31342, CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE [MI], CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE [HSDB], CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE [INCI], AKOS015848494, AKOS015902937, DB-023010, D01727, Q407300, Losantin, hypochlorous acid, calcium salt, BK powder, Hy-Chlor, chlorinated lime, lime chloride, chloride of lime, calcium oxychloride, HTH, mildew remover X-14, perchloron, pittchlor, Clorox, bleach, liquid bleach, sodium oxychloride, Javex, antiformin, showchlon, chlorox, B-K, Carrel-dakin solution, Chloros, Dakin's solution, hychlorite, Javelle water, Mera Industries 2MOm³B, Milton, modified dakin's solution, Piochlor, 13% active chlorine

The most important application of calcium hypochlorite is in the sanitization of public swimming pools.
Calcium hypochlorite is also used to disinfect drinking water.
As an oxidizing agent, calcium hypochlorite is also used in several organic reactions.

Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(OCl)2.
Calcium hypochlorite is a white solid, although commercial samples appear yellow.

Calcium hypochlorite strongly smells of chlorine, owing to Calcium hypochlorite slow decomposition in moist air.
Calcium hypochlorite is relatively stable as a solid and solution and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite.

"Pure" samples have 99.2% active chlorine. Given common industrial purity, an active chlorine content of 65-70% is typical.
Calcium hypochlorite is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent.

Calcium hypochlorite has oxidizing properties.
Calcium hypochlorite participates as an oxidant in the preparation of diamine-benzoquinone polymers.

Calcium hypochlorite is generally used for water disinfection and as a bleaching agent.
Calcium hypochlorite is commonly referred to as bleaching powder or calcium oxychloride.

Calcium hypochlorite is an ionic compound that is made up of a calcium cation (Ca2+) and two hypochlorite anions (ClO–).
Despite being quite stable at room temperatures, calcium hypochlorite slowly decomposes in moist environments, giving Calcium hypochlorite a characteristic ‘chlorine’ smell.

Calcium hypochlorite was previously registered under the REACH Regulation but the registration is no longer valid.
Calcium hypochlorite is used at industrial sites.

Calcium Hypochlorite is generally immediately available in most volumes, including bulk quantities.

Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) is an inorganic compound, marketed as granules or tablets, used for water treatment and as bleaching agent due the very high content of available chlorine, 65-70%, greater than sodium hypochlorite.
Calcium hypochlorite production process basically consists of hydrated lime reaction with gaseous chlorine.

Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated is a white granular solid or tablets compressed from the granules having an odor of chlorine.
Calcium hypochlorite is noncombustible, but Calcium hypochlorite will accelerate the burning of combustible materials.

Calcium hypochlorite is decomposed by water with evolution of chlorine gas and heat.
Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in the vigorous decomposition of the material and rupture of the container.

Material containing less than 39% available chlorine may undergo reactions as described above though Calcium hypochlorite may take longer to initiate, and the resulting reactions may not be as vigorous.
Calcium hypochlorite is used for water purification, disinfectant for swimming pools, for bleaching paper and textiles, and for many other uses.

Calcium hypochlorite appears as a white granular solid (or tablets compressed from the granules) with an odor of chlorine.
Calcium hypochlorite is toxic, irritating to the skin.

Calcium hypochlorite is noncombustible, but will accelerate the burning of combustible materials.
Calcium hypochlorite is prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in the vigorous decomposition of the material and rupture of the container.

Diluted samples may undergo reactions as described above if they contain less than 39% available chlorine but take longer to become involved and react less vigorously.
Calcium hypochlorite is used for water purification, disinfectant for swimming pools, for bleaching paper and textiles.

Calcium hypochlorite is a white solid that contains 65% available chlorine and dissolves easily in water.
Calcium hypochlorite is very stable and can be stored for an extended period of time.

Calcium hypochlorite is a corrosive material with a strong odor.
Reactions between calcium hypochlorite and organic material can generate enough heat to cause a fire or explosion.

Calcium hypochlorite must be kept away from organic materials such as wood, cloth, and petroleum products.
Calcium hypochlorite readily absorbs moisture, forming chlorine gas.

Calcium hypochlorite can be dissolved in a mixing/holding tank and injected in the same manner as sodium hypochlorite.
Alternatively, where the pressure can be lowered to atmospheric, such as at a storage tank, tablets of calcium hypochlorite can be directly dissolved in the free flowing water.

Calcium hypochlorite is generally available as a white powder, pellets, or flat plates.
Calcium hypochlorite decomposes readily in water or when heated, releasing oxygen and chlorine.

Calcium hypochlorite has a strong chlorine odor, but odor may not provide an adequate warning of hazardous concentrations.
Calcium hypochlorite is not flammable, but Calcium hypochlorite acts as an oxidizer with combustible material and may react explosively with ammonia, amines, or organic sulfides.
Calcium hypochlorite should be stored in a dry, well ventilated area at a temperature below 120ºF (50ºC) separated from acids, ammonia, amines, and other chlorinating or oxidizing agents.

Sodium hypochlorite is generally sold in aqueous solutions containing 5 to 15% sodium hypochlorite, with 0.25 to 0.35% free alkali (usually NaOH) and 0.5 to 1.5% NaCl.
Solutions of up to 40% sodium hypochlorite are available, but solid sodium hypochlorite is not commercially used.

Sodium hypochlorite solutions are a clear, greenish yellow liquid with an odor of chlorine.
Odor may not provide an adequate warning of hazardous concentrations.

Sodium hypochlorite solutions can liberate dangerous amounts of chlorine or chloramine if mixed with acids or ammonia.
Anhydrous sodium hypochlorite is very explosive.
Hypochlorite solutions should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 20ºC away from acids in well-fitted air-tight bottles away from sunlight.

Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(ClO)2.
Calcium hypochlorite is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, chlorine powder, or chlorinated lime, used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent.
Calcium hypochlorite is relatively stable and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach).

Calcium hypochlorite is a white solid, although commercial samples appear yellow.
Calcium hypochlorite strongly smells of chlorine, owing to Calcium hypochlorite slow decomposition in moist air.

Calcium hypochlorite is not highly soluble in hard water, and is more preferably used in soft to medium-hard water.
Calcium hypochlorite has two forms: dry (anhydrous); and hydrated (hydrous).

Applications of Calcium hypochlorite:
Calcium hypochlorite is often used to disinfect large volumes of water in order to make Calcium hypochlorite safe to drink.
Calcium hypochlorite is also widely used in swimming pools to sanitize the water body and destroy the germs present in Calcium hypochlorite.

Some other uses of calcium hypochlorite are listed below:
Since Calcium hypochlorite is a good oxidizing agent, Calcium hypochlorite is quite useful in the field of organic chemistry.
Calcium hypochlorite is used to obtain fragmented aldehydes/carboxylic acids by cleaving the bonds in glycols and keto acids.

Calcium hypochlorite can also be used in the halo form reaction to yield chloroform.
Calcium hypochlorite can be used to disinfect both wastewater and drinking water since Calcium hypochlorite has a high chlorine availability.

Calcium hypochlorite may be used as an oxidant for the following conversions:
Aldehydes to the corresponding acids.
Primary aliphatic alcohols to methyl esters.
Aliphatic primary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids.

Calcium hypochlorite may be used in the following conversions:
Aldehydes to the corresponding acids.
Primary aliphatic alcohols to methyl esters.

Primary benzyl alcohols to methyl benzoates.
Propargylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones.

Uses of Calcium hypochlorite:
Calcium hypochlorite is used for swimming pool sanitation and other water treatment.
Calcium hypochlorite is used in industries to disinfect, to control mildew, and to bleach textiles and paper.

Calcium hypochlorite is used in disinfectant for drinking water and swimming pools; algicide; oxidizing agent; as household and industrial bleaching agent and sanitizer
Calcium hypochlorite is used to cleanup hydrazine spills.

Chlorinated lime 2% strength used on grossly contaminated premises.
Boric acid often used with Calcium hypochlorite.

Sodium and calcium hypochlorite are manufactured by the chlorination of sodium hydroxide or lime.
Sodium and calcium hypochlorite are used primarily as oxidizing and bleaching agents or disinfectants.
They are components of commercial bleaches, cleaning solutions, and disinfectants for drinking water and waste water purification systems and swimming pools.

Sanitation:
Calcium hypochlorite is commonly used to sanitize public swimming pools and disinfect drinking water.
Generally the commercial substances are sold with a purity of 65% to 73% with other chemicals present, such as calcium chloride and calcium carbonate, resulting from the manufacturing process.
In solution, calcium hypochlorite could be used as a general purpose sanitizer, but due to calcium residue (making the water harder), sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is usually preferred.

Organic chemistry:
Calcium hypochlorite is a general oxidizing agent and therefore finds some use in organic chemistry.
For instance Calcium hypochlorite is used to cleave glycols, α-hydroxy carboxylic acids and keto acids to yield fragmented aldehydes or carboxylic acids.

Calcium hypochlorite can also be used in the haloform reaction to manufacture chloroform.
Calcium hypochlorite can be used to oxidize thiol and sulfide byproducts in organic synthesis and thereby reduce their odour and make them safe to dispose of.
Calcium hypochlorite used in organic chemistry is similar to the sanitizer at ~70% purity.

Biocidal Uses:
Calcium hypochlorite is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: disinfection, veterinary hygiene, food and animals feeds, drinking water.
Calcium hypochlorite is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: preservation for liquid systems.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Pulp and Paper Processing
Using Disinfectants or Biocides
Sewer and Wastewater Treatment
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Advantages of Calcium hypochlorite:
Calcium hypochlorite is relatively stable, is similar to sodium hypochlorite in disinfection properties and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach).

Calcium hypochlorite has excellent stability when kept in dry storage, maintaining its potency over time.
Commercial grades ofvCalcium hypochlorite generally contain about 70% available chlorine making Calcium hypochlorite appropriate for both drinking water and wastewater applications.

Calcium Hypochlorite is appropriate for both drinking water and wastewater applications.

Production of Calcium hypochlorite:
Calcium hypochlorite is produced industrially by treating moist slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) with chlorine.

The one-step reaction is shown below:
2 Cl2 + 2 Ca(OH)2 → Ca(OCl)2 + CaCl2 + 2 H2O

Industrial setups allow for the reaction to be conducted in stages to give various compositions, each producing different ratios of calcium hypochlorite, unconverted lime, and calcium chloride.
In one process, the chloride-rich first stage water is discarded, while the solid precipitate is dissolved in a mixture of water and lye for another round of chlorination to reach the target purity.
Commercial calcium hypochlorite consists of anhydrous Ca(OCl)2, dibasic calcium hypochlorite Ca3(OCl)2(OH)4 (also written as Ca(OCl)2·2Ca(OH)2), and dibasic calcium chloride Ca3Cl2(OH)4 (also written as CaCl2·2Ca(OH)2).

Reactions of Calcium hypochlorite:
Calcium hypochlorite reacts rapidly with acids producing calcium chloride, chlorine gas, and water:
Ca(ClO)2 + 4HCl → CaCl2 + 2Cl2 + 2H2O

Preparation of Calcium hypochlorite:
Calcium hypochlorite is commercially available in Calcium hypochlorite anhydrous and hydrated forms and is one of the key ingredients of chlorine powder and bleaching powder.
Ca(ClO)2 is produced on an industrial scale via the reaction of chlorine gas with calcium hydroxide.

The chemical equation for this reaction is provided below:
2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 → Ca(ClO)2 + H2O + CaCl2

Generally, bleaching powder is a mixture of calcium hypochlorite, Calcium hypochlorite dibasic form (Ca(ClO2).2Ca(OH)2), and the dibasic form of calcium chloride (CaCl2.2Ca(OH)2).
Since Calcium hypochlorite contains two ClO– ions, Calcium hypochlorite has a high chlorine availability when compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).

Structure of Calcium hypochlorite:
Calcium hypochlorite consists of one Ca+ ion and two ClO– ions.
Each chlorite ion has a charge of -1 whereas the calcium ion has a charge of +2.
Therefore, one calcium cation can form ionic bonds with two hypochlorite ions.

Properties of Calcium hypochlorite:

Physical Properties:
Calcium hypochlorite is a white/grey solid at room temperatures.
Calcium hypochlorite solubility in water is 21g/100 mL and Calcium hypochlorite reacts with the water when dissolved.

Calcium hypochlorite solubility in hard water is relatively low when compared to Calcium hypochlorite solubility in soft/medium-hard water.
Calcium hypochlorite has a strong smell of chlorine (because Calcium hypochlorite reacts with the water molecules present in air).

Chemical Properties:
Calcium hypochlorite acts as a strong base since Calcium hypochlorite readily accepts H+ When dissolved in water, the hypochlorite anion accepts a proton from H2O, liberating an OH– ion.
The chemical reaction is given by ClO– + H2O → HClO + OH–

Calcium hypochlorite is also a powerful oxidizing agent since Calcium hypochlorite can readily accept an electron.
Calcium hypochlorite reacts with hydrochloric acid, yielding calcium chloride (CaCl2), water, and chlorine gas (Cl2).
The chemical equation for this reaction is 4HCl + Ca(ClO)2 → CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Calcium hypochlorite:

Bionecessity:
Hypochlorous ions are physiologically present in the human body, being formed by white blood cells (neutrophils and monocytes) as a powerful antimicrobial agent during inflammation process.
When the recognition of "non-self" proteins in an invading micro-organism triggers the immune response, the enzyme myeloperoxidase located in mammalian neutrophils catalyses hypochlorous acid formation trough the oxidation of chloride ion in combination with hydrogen peroxide.

The endogenously formed hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the process of phagocytosis through which bacteria are killed.
Due to Calcium hypochlorite potent cytotoxic action, hypochlorite is also responsible for neutrophil-mediated tissue damage associated with the inflammatory response.

Calcium hypochlorite high efficiency as antimicrobial agent is associated with the lack of a catalytically active detoxifying mechanism for HOCl in both bacteria and mammalian cells.
Although Calcium hypochlorite has been suggested that HOCl-induced cytotoxicity can be associated to the degradation of a number of functionally important molecules the primary mechanism of action is still not fully elucidated.

Action Mechanism of Calcium hypochlorite:
Hypochlorous ions are physiologically present in the human body, being formed by white blood cells (neutrophils and monocytes) as a powerful antimicrobial agent during inflammation process.
When the recognition of "non-self" proteins in an invading micro-organism triggers the immune response, the enzyme myeloperoxidase located in mammalian neutrophils catalyses hypochlorous acid formation trough the oxidation of chloride ion in combination with hydrogen peroxide.

The endogenously formed hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the process of phagocytosis through which bacteria are killed.
Due to Calcium hypochlorite potent cytotoxic action, hypochlorite is also responsible for neutrophil-mediated tissue damage associated with the inflammatory response.

Calcium hypochlorite high efficiency as antimicrobial agent is associated with the lack of a catalytically active detoxifying mechanism for HOCl in both bacteria and mammalian cells.
Although Calcium hypochlorite has been suggested that HOCl-induced cytotoxicity can be associated to the degradation of a number of functionally important molecules the primary mechanism of action is still not fully elucidated.

History of Calcium hypochlorite:
Charles Tennant and Charles Macintosh developed an industrial process for the manufacture of Chloride of Lime in the late 18th Century.
Calcium hypochlorite was patented in 1799 and used heavily during World War I for disinfecting the trenches and wounds.

Safety of Calcium hypochlorite:
Calcium hypochlorite is a strong oxidizing agent, as Calcium hypochlorite contains a hypochlorite ion at the valence +1 (redox state: Cl+1).

Calcium hypochlorite should not be stored wet and hot, or near any acid, organic materials, or metals.
The unhydrated form is safer to handle.

Handling and Storage of Calcium hypochlorite:

Nonfire Spill Response:
Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Stop leak if you can do Calcium hypochlorite without risk.
Do not get water inside containers.

SMALL DRY SPILL:
With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL:
Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

Safe Storage:
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Separated from food and feedstuffs.

Storage Conditions:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location at a temperature below 120 °F (50 °C) to avoid slow decomposition.
Separate from oxidizing materils, acids, ammonia, amines, and other chlorinating agents.

Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material.
The bulk material may ignite or explode in storage.

Traces of water may initiate the reaction.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

First Aid Measures of Calcium hypochlorite:
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

Move victim to fresh air if Calcium hypochlorite can be done safely.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.

Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim calm and warm.

Fire Fighting of Calcium hypochlorite:

SMALL FIRE:
Use water.
Do not use dry chemicals or foams.
CO2 or Halon may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE:
Flood fire area with water from a distance.
Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
If Calcium hypochlorite can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Use water in large amounts.

In case of fire:
Keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fire Fighting Procedures:

If material involved in fire:
Extinguish using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Personnel protection:
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.
Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.

Use flooding quantities of water as fog or spray.
Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.
Do not use dry chemical fire extinguishers containing ammonium compounds.

Firefighting Hazards:
Since a calcium hypochlorite fire will generate Calcium hypochlorite own oxygen, attempts to smother Calcium hypochlorite will not be effective, and it must be quenched with water.

Accidental Release Measures of Calcium hypochlorite:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
If ammonium nitrate is in a tank, rail car or tank truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Calcium hypochlorite:

Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit, face shield and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of Calcium hypochlorite.
Do NOT let Calcium hypochlorite enter the environment.

Sweep spilled substance into covered air-tight, dry containers.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cleanup Methods of Calcium hypochlorite:

Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit, face shield and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of Calcium hypochlorite.
Do NOT let Calcium hypochlorite enter the environment.

Sweep spilled substance into covered air-tight, dry containers.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Disposal Methods of Calcium hypochlorite:
Dissolve Calcium hypochlorite in water and add to a large vol of concn reducing agent soln, then acidify the mixture with H2SO4.
When reduction is complete, soda ash is added to make the soln alkaline.
The alkaline liquid is decanted from any sludge produced, neutralized, and diluted before discharge to a sewer or stream.

Identifiers of Calcium hypochlorite:
CAS Number: 7778-54-3
ChEBI: CHEBI:31342
ChEMBL: ChEMBL2251447
ChemSpider: 22912
ECHA InfoCard: 100.029.007
EC Number: 231-908-7
KEGG: D01727
PubChem CID: 24504
RTECS number: NH3485000
UNII: 11DXB629VZ
UN number: 1748 2208
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1029700
InChI: InChI=1S/Ca.2ClO/c;2*1-2/q+2;2*-1
Key: ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/Cacl.ClO/c;1-2/q+2;2*-1
Key: ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYAV
SMILES: Cl[O-].[Ca+2].Cl[O-]

CAS number: 7778-54-3
EC index number: 017-012-00-7
EC number: 231-908-7
Hill Formula: CaCl₂O₂
Chemical formula: Ca(OCl)₂
Molar Mass: 142.99 g/mol
HS Code: 2828 10 00
Quality Level: MQ200

EC / List no.: 231-908-7
CAS no.: 7778-54-3
Mol. formula: Ca.2ClHO

Linear Formula: Ca(OCl)2
CAS Number: 7778-54-3
Molecular Weight: 142.98
EC Number: 231-908-7
MDL number: MFCD00010900
PubChem Substance ID: 329752091
NACRES: NA.55

Linear Formula: Ca(OCl)2
MDL Number: MFCD00010900
EC No.: 231-908-7
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 24504
IUPAC Name: calcium; dihypochlorite
SMILES: [O-]Cl.[O-]Cl.[Ca+2]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/Ca.2ClO/c;2*1-2/q+2;2*-1
InchI Key: ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Typical Properties of Calcium hypochlorite:
Chemical formula: Ca(OCl)2
Molar mass: 142.98 g/mol
Appearance: white/gray powder
Density: 2.35 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point: 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K)
Boiling point: 175 °C (347 °F; 448 K) decomposes
Solubility in water: 21 g/100 mL at 25 °C
Solubility: reacts in alcohol

Density: 2.350 g/cm3
Melting Point: 100 °C
Solubility: 200 g/l (decomposition)

Grade: technical grade
Quality Level: 100
Assay: ≥65% chlorine basis (by Na2S2O3, titration)
Form: powder or granules - solid
Composition: available chlorine, 65%
Reaction suitability: reagent type: oxidant
mp: 100 °C (lit.)
Density: 2.35 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string:MClO[Ca]OCl
InChI: 1S/Ca.2ClO/c;2*1-2/q+2;2*-1
InChI key: ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Formula: Ca(ClO)2
Molar Mass: 142.98 g/mol
Appearance: White/gray powder
Density: 2.35 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point: 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K)
Boiling point: 175 °C (347 °F; 448 K) decomposes
Solubility in water: 21 g/100 mL, reacts
Solubility: reacts in alcohol

Compound Formula: CaCl2O2
Molecular Weight: 142.98
Appearance: Beige Powder
Melting Point: 100°C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.35 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 141.890126
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.890126

Molecular Weight: 142.98
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 141.8901255
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.8901255
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.1 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Complexity: 2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Calcium hypochlorite:
Assay (iodometric): 67.0 - 75.0 %
Identity: passes test

Related Compounds of Calcium hypochlorite:

Other anions::
Calcium chloride

Other cations::
Sodium hypochlorite

Names of Calcium hypochlorite:

Regulatory process names:
Active chlorine released from calcium hypochlorite
Calcium hypochlorite
Calcium hypochlorite
calcium hypochlorite
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE MIXTURE, DRY with more than 10% but not more than 39% available chlorine
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE MIXTURE, DRY, CORROSIVE with more than 10% but not more than 39% available chlorine
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, DRY or CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE MIXTURE, DRY with more than 39% available chlorine (8.8% available oxygen)
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, DRY, CORROSIVE or CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE MIXTURE, DRY, CORROSIVE with more than 39% available chlorine (8.8% available oxygen)
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED or CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE HYDRATED MIXTURE, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED or CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED, CORROSIVE or CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, CORROSIVE with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED, or CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water

Translated names:
Actief chloor, verkregen uit natriumhypochloriet (nl)
Aktivchlor, freigesetzt aus Calciumhypochlorit (de)
aktivni klor oslobođen iz kalcijeva hipoklorita (hr)
Aktivni klor, ki se sprošča iz kalcijevega hipoklorita (sl)
aktivní chlór uvolněný z chlornanu vápenatého (cs)
Aktivt chlor afgivet fra calciumhypochlorit (da)
Aktivt klor frigitt fra kalsiumhypokloritt (no)
Aktivt klor genererat från kalciumhypoklorit (sv)
Aktywny chlor uwalniany z podchlorynu wapnia (pl)
aktívny chlór uvoľnený z chlórnanu vápenatého (sk)
Aktīvais hlors, kas iegūts no kalcija hipohlorīta (lv)
calciumhypochloriet (nl)
calciumhypochlorit (da)
Calciumhypochlorit (de)
chloran(I) wapnia (pl)
Chlore actif libéré à partir d’hypochlorite de calcium (fr)
chlornan vápenatý (cs)
chlórnan vápenatý (sk)
Clor activ eliberat din hipoclorit de calciu (ro)
Cloro activo liberado a partir de hipoclorito de calcio (es)
Cloro ativo libertado por hipoclorito de cálcio (pt)
Cloro attivo rilasciato da ipoclorito di calcio (it)
hipoclorit de calciu (mt)
hipoclorit de calciu (ro)
hipoclorito de calcio (es)
hipoclorito de cálcio (pt)
hypochlorite de calcium (fr)
ipoclorito di calcio (it)
Iš kalcio hipochlorito išskirtas aktyvusis chloras (lt)
kalcija hipohlorīts (lv)
kalcijev hipoklorit (hr)
kalcijev hipoklorit (sl)
kalcio hipochloritas (lt)
Kalcium-hipokloritból felszabaduló aktív klór (hu)
kalciumhypoklorit (sv)
Kalsiumhypokloriitista vapautunut aktiivinen kloori (fi)
Biocidal active substances
Kalsiumhypokloriitti (fi)
kalsiumhypokloritt (no)
kaltsiumhüpoklorit (et)
Kaltsiumhüpokloritist vabanenud aktiivkloor (et)
Kloru attiv rilaxxat mill-ipoklorit tal-kalċju (mt)
kálcium -hipoklorit (hu)
podchloryn wapnia (pl)
Ενεργό χλώριο εκλυόμενο από υποχλωριώδες ασβέστιο (el)
υποχλωριώδες ασβέστιο (el)
Активен хлор, освободен от калциев хипохлорит (bg)
калциев хипохлорит (bg)

CAS names:
Hypochlorous acid, calcium salt (2:1)

IUPAC names:
Active chlorine released from calcium hypochlorite
calcio ipoclorito
calcium dihypochlorite
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE
Calcium Hypochlorite
Calcium hypochlorite
calcium hypochlorite
Calcium hypochlorite 65%
calcium hypoclorite
Calcium Oxychloride
calcium-hypochlorite-
calcium;dihypochlorite
Calciumhypochlorit
calciun hypochlorite
Hypochlorite de calcium - chlore stabilise granule
Reaction mass of calcium carbonate and calcium dihydroxide and calcium chlorate
Reaction mass of calcium carbonate and calcium dihydroxide and sodium chloride and potassium bromide and calcium chloride and calcium chlorate
Reaction mass of calcium dihydroxide and calcium chloride

Trade names:
Calcium Hypochlorite (Grades A, B)
Chlorinated Lime (Grades A, B)

Other names:
Hypochlorous acid calcium salt
bleaching powde
chloride of lime

Other identifiers:
017-012-00-7
104381-95-5
104381-95-5
1296807-06-1
1296807-06-1
129904-51-4
129904-51-4
1332-17-8
1332-17-8
56172-56-6
56172-56-6
7778-54-3

Calcium LABSA CLASSIFICATION Anionic Surfactant DESCRIPTION OF Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is the largest-volume synthetic surfactant because of its relatively low cost, good performance, the fact that it can be dried to a stable powder and the biodegradable environmental friendliness as it has straight chain. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is an anionic surfactants with molecules characterized by a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic group. Alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS) alkyl sulfates (AS) are also examples of commercial anionic surfactants. They are nonvolatile compounds produced by sulfonation. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) are complex mixtures of homologues of different alkyl chain lengths (C10 to C13 or C14) and phenyl positional isomers of 2 to 5-phenyl in proportions dictated by the starting materials and reaction conditions, each containing an aromatic ring sulfonated at the para position and attached to a linear alkyl chain at any position with the exception of terminal one (1-phenyl). The properties of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) differ in physical and chemical properties according to the alkyl chain length, resulting in formulations for various applications. The starting material Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) (linear alkylbenzene) is produced by the alkylation of benzene with n-paraffins in the presence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) or aluminium chloride (AlCl3) as a catalyst. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is produced by the sulfonation of LAB with oleum in batch reactors. Other sulfonation alternative reagents are sulfuric acid, diluted sulfur trioxide, chlorosulfonic acid and sulfamic acid on falling film reactors. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) are then neutralized to the desired salt (sodium, ammonium, calcium, potassium, and triethanolamine salts). Surfactants are widely used in the industry needed to improve contact between polar and non-polar media such as between oil and water or between water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is mainly used to produce household detergents including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids and other household cleaners as well as in numerous industrial applications like as a coupling agent and as an emulsifier for agricultural herbicides and in emulsion polymerization. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Household detergents including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids and other household cleaners. Industrial applications of wetting agent, emulsifier for agricultural herbicides and in polymerization. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is prepared commercially by sulfonating linear alkylbenzene (LAB). Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA), the world's largest-volume synthetic surfactant, which includes the various salts of sulfonated alkylbenzenes, is widely used in household detergents as well as in numerous industrial applications. The Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) market is driven by the markets for Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA), primarily household detergents. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate was developed as a biodegradable replacement for nonlinear (branched) alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) and has largely replaced BAS in household detergents throughout the world. The pattern of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) consumption demonstrates the overwhelming preference by consumers for liquid laundry detergents in North America, whereas powders continue to be the dominant products in Western Europe, Japan, and China. Comparable and reliable data in other world regions are generally unavailable. In these less-developed world areas, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is essentially used only in laundry powders (particularly in India and Indonesia) and hand dishwashing liquids. The latter are often used as general-purpose cleaners. The following pie chart shows world consumption of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA): About 82-87% of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is used in household detergents, including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids, and other household cleaners. Industrial, institutional, and commercial cleaners account for most of the other applications, but Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is also used as an emulsifier (e.g., for agricultural herbicides and in emulsion polymerization) and as a wetting agent. Very small volumes are also used in personal care applications. Demand in the North American household segment fell sharply in 2000-11, as a result of several developments, including reformulations away from Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) to alternative surfactants because of cost considerations, the greater use of enzymes, and adverse economic conditions that resulted in lower overall surfactant levels in detergents. However, consumption stabilized during 2011-17. Although consumption of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) will likely stabilize or decline slightly in the highly developed regions, it will increase by 3.0-5.0% in some less-developed regions or countries, such as the Middle East, Africa, India, and China, as well as Southeast Asia. As a result of the rapid growth of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) demand in the Asia Pacific region, demand in the region accounted for over half of global demand in 2017. The worldwide growth of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) will be negatively impacted by the efforts of detergent manufacturers to reduce the active content in their surfactant formulations, by the shift to liquid detergents in some countries (which benefits competing surfactants), and by less consumer overdosing (particularly in North America with unit dose laundry products, assuming they continue to take some market share from traditional liquid detergents). However, consumption of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) will be positively affected in countries/regions such as India, China, Africa, and the Middle East, where powder detergents are still a very large part of the laundry detergent market. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate competes with several other major surfactants for use in household detergents. Some of the competitive surfactants have greater hard-water tolerance and better compatibility with enzymes and are milder than Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA). Historically, however, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) has most often been lower in cost and has had other more favorable properties compared with competing surfactants. During 2002-06, very high crude oil prices made Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) far less competitive than had been true in most years since its introduction. During 2007-11, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) prices tracked more closely those of the competitive surfactants. This led to a more stable pattern of consumption, even as prices for all surfactants continued to be very volatile. From late 2014 through 2017, low crude oil prices helped Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) become more competitive. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)/LAS production is impacted by the supply situation for competing products-mainly alcohol ether sulfates (AES). Shortages in AES supply or its high price has usually favored the use of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)/LAS. In the developing world, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) competes with soaps. Alkylbenzene sulfonates are a class of anionic surfactants, consisting of a hydrophilic sulfonate head-group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail-group. Along with sodium laureth sulfate they are one of the oldest and most widely used synthetic detergents and may be found in numerous personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste etc.) and household-care products (laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid, spray cleaner etc.).[1] They were first introduced in the 1930s in the form of branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS) however following environmental concerns these were replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)) during the 1960s.[2] Since then production has increased significantly from about 1 million tons in 1980, to around 3.5 million tons in 2016, making them most produced anionic surfactant after soaps. Contents 1 Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates 2 Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonates 3 Structure property relationships 4 Environmental fate 5 References Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates An example of a branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS) were first introduced in the early 1930s and saw significant growth from the late 1940s onwards,[3] in early literature these synthetic detergents are often abbreviated as syndets. They were prepared by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with 'propylene tetramer' (also called tetrapropylene) followed by sulfonation. Propylene tetramer being a broad term for a mixture of compounds formed by the oligomerization of propene, its use gave a mixture of highly branched structures.[4] Compared to traditional soaps BAS offered superior tolerance to hard water and better foaming.[5] However, the highly branched tail made it difficult to biodegrade.[6] BAS was widely blamed for the formation of large expanses of stable foam in areas of wastewater discharge such as lakes, rivers and coastal areas (sea foams), as well as foaming problems encountered in sewage treatment[7] and contamination of drinking water.[8] As such BAS was phased out of most detergent products during the 1960s, being replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)). It is still important in certain agrochemical and industrial applications, where rapid biodegradability is of reduced importance. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates An example of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are prepared industrially by the sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)), which can themselves be prepared in several ways.[2] In the most common route benzene is alkylated by long chain monoalkenes (e.g. dodecene) using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst.[9] The purified dodecylbenzenes (and related derivatives) are then sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to give the sulfonic acid.[10] The sulfonic acid is subsequently neutralized with sodium hydroxide.[1] The term "linear" refers to the starting alkenes rather than the final product, perfectly linear addition products are not seen, in-line with Markovnikov's rule. Thus, the alkylation of linear alkenes, even 1-alkenes such as 1-dodecene, gives several isomers of phenyldodecane.[11] Structure property relationships Under ideal conditions the cleaning power of BAS and Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is very similar, however Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) performs slightly better in normal use conditions, due to it being less affected by hard water.[12] Within Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) itself the detergency of the various isomers are fairly similar,[13][14] however their physical properties (Krafft point, foaming etc.) are noticeably different.[15][16] In particular the Krafft point of the high 2-phenyl product (i.e. the least branched isomer) remains below 0 °C up to 25% Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) whereas the low 2-phenyl cloud point is ∼15 °C.[17] This behavior is often exploited by producers to create either clear or cloudy products. Environmental fate Biodegradability has been well studied,[6][18][19] and is affected by isomerization, in this case, branching. The salt of the linear material has an LD50 of 2.3 mg/liter for fish, about four times more toxic than the branched compound; however the linear compound biodegrades far more quickly, making it the safer choice over time. It is biodegraded rapidly under aerobic conditions with a half-life of approximately 1-3 weeks;[18] oxidative degradation initiates at the alkyl chain.[1] Under anaerobic conditions it degrades very slowly or not at all, causing it to exist in high concentrations in sewage sludge, but this is not thought to be a cause for concern as it will rapidly degrade once returned to an oxygenated environment. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Product Information Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid is a chemical which is colorless and have viscous properties. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid mainly using in detergent formulations. It is one of the most important and cheapest surfactants in powder formulation and detergent fluids. It has excellent cleansing properties. Usages of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear Alkyl Benzene sulphonic acid is a batch of organic sulfur compounds that are used in most home detergents, dishwashing detergents, detergent powder, cleaning powder, washing powders, detergent cake, liquid soap, soaps etc. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA), sulfonic acid compound is used as a foaming agent, cleaning agent in more formulations and toilet soaps for foaming. Sulfonic acid, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is using in detergent industries, in textile industry as a washing agent, pesticides industries to improve the quality of spray. Sulfonic acid, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is not inflammable substance and can dissolve in water, but not in organic solvent. Application of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid used in the industry to increase the contact of polar and non-polar phases, such as oil, water, or water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonate is mainly used for the manufacture of household detergents such as laundry powder, washing liquid, dishwashing liquid and other household cleaners and other industrial uses. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid uses in produce sulfonic acid. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is an additive as a lubricating agent oils and have as corrosion and rust prevention. his product is a very effective intermediate surfactant. Characteristics of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid packing Basekim Chemical Production can supply Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid with drum. Each drum can take 220 kg and 80 drum can easily load in a container. It also depends on customer demands as well. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid is a chemical which is colorless and have viscous properties. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid mainly using in detergent formulations. It is one of the most important and cheapest surfactants in powder formulation and detergent fluids. It has excellent cleansing properties. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid in the formulation of anionic, non-anionic, and amphoteric surfactants, and it is extremely important for its degradability in nature. It is soluble in water and emulsifying agent. Linear Alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants due to its low cost, high efficiency and biocompatibility due to its linear chain. This anionic surfactant has hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. These are non-volatile compounds produced by the sulfonation process. These compounds consist of mixtures of carbon chains of 10 to 14 carbon lengths that are a phenyl group with a sulfonate group Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid application The properties of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid depend on the length of the alkane chains that give them different functionality. Surfactants are used in the industry to increase the contact of polar and non-polar phases, such as oil, water, or water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonate is mainly used for the manufacture of household detergents such as laundry powder, washing liquid, dishwashing liquid and other household cleaners and other industrial uses. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid uses in produce sulfonic acid. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is an additive as an lubricating agent oils and have as corrosion and rust prevention. his product is a very effective intermediate surfactant. It is usually neutralized with alkali types and forms sulphonates used in different fields. This product can be used in acidic environments. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid packing can supply Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid with drum . Each drum can take 220 kg and 80 drum can easily load in a container Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid PACKING Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Specification Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) properties: Trade Name: Sulfonic Acid COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS LINEAR ALKYL BENZENE SULPHONIC ACIDS SUMMARY REPORT (1) 1. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)) are anionic surfactants. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are a mixtures of benzene sulphonic acids containing linear alkyl chains of different lengths (C9: less than 1%, C10: 8 to 16%, C11: 26 to 38%, C12: 26 to 38%, C13: 15 to 27% and longer than C13: less than 2.5%). The amount of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in the products is 2% and these products are indicated for post-dipping or teat-spraying of dairy cows. The average dose per teat is assumed to be about 1 ml of the product, which equals to 80 mg of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid per cow per milking. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are commonly used as cleaning agents (household and personal care products). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is included as surface active agent in Commission establishing an inventory and a common nomenclature of ingredients employed in cosmetic products. The occupational and environmental exposure to linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid has been assessed by WHO in 1996: The worldwide consumption of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids in 1990 was about 2 million tonnes. Linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, under the synonym sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, has been included in 1987 on the food additive list of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States of America as a surface active agent in commercial detergents used in washing fruits and vegetables or to assist in lye peeling these products. The tolerance limit has been set on equal to or less than 0.2% in wash water. 2. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups of the molecule are both essential for action of surfactants in detergents. According to a published study on the in vitro germicidal activity of teat dips the linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid-containing product (1.94%) was shown to be completely effective against suspensions of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae containing bacteria/ml each following a contact time of 2 minutes. According to a published review document on in vitro studies, the 50% haemolytic concentration for linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid was 9 mg/l and the 50% inhibitory concentration for prothrombin time was 0.05 mmol/l (16.3 mg/l). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid influenced the thermal denaturation of proteins in vitro indicating protein-linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid interaction. 3. Pharmacokinetic data are presented based on published reports. In rats, 14C-labelled alkyl benzene sulphonate was administered daily in the diet at a concentration of 1.4 mg/kg feed (dose per kg bw not given) to 12 male Wistar rats (120 to 140 g) for 5 weeks. Radioactivity was mostly excreted in faeces (52%) and in urine (29%) during the 5-week feeding period. After a single intraperitoneal administration of 14C-labelled alkyl benzene sulphonate (384.7 µg/rat), 85% of the dose was excreted during the first 24 hours and 95% within 10 days follow-up period. The main elimination route was via urine (50% of radioactivity), while 35% was excreted into faeces. However, during days 2 to 10 the percentage of radioactivity excreted into faeces was higher than that excreted into urine. No parent compound could be detected in faeces or urine but radioactivity was found in polar metabolites which were not further characterised. In another study, 35S-labelled linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid was administered to male albino rats (Charles River strain, 150 to 200 g bodyweight) as a single per oral dose of 0.6, 1.2, 8 and 40 mg/rat (3 to 5 rats/group). During the 3-day follow-up period, 40 to 58% of radioactivity was excreted in urine and 39 to 56% in faeces. In faeces, the proportion of parent compound was 19% of total radioactivity. About 70% of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid was absorbed after oral administration. Two urine metabolites chemically close to methyl 4-(4'-methylsulfophenyl)- pentanoate were identified and were found to be a mixture of sulfophenyl butanoic acids and sulfophenyl pentanoic acids. Decomposition of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulphonate in rats was suggested to occur by ϖ-oxidation followed by catabolism through a β-oxidation mechanism. In vitro studies have not shown any penetration of 14C-labelled linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid through intact rat or human skin. In in vivo studies in rats, 0.2 ml of 3 mM 14C linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (equivalent to 250 µg) was applied on 7.5 cm2 area of skin. These studies revealed deposition of 14C-labelled linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid on the skin surface and in the upper regions of the hair follicles, however, no penetration of the substance could be detected after an exposure of 15 minutes. 4. The oral toxicity of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is not very high. LD50 values for rats and mice range from 404 to 1525 mg/kg bw and 1575 to 1950 mg/kg bw, respectively. Both species showed diarrhoea and death occurred within 24 hours. 5. Repeated dose toxicity have been carried out using linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids or their sodium salts containing alkyl chains of different lengths. Repeated dose toxicity has been documented on rats using 5 published articles, one of which was done in rats (60 females and 60 males/group) using only 1 dose level (0 and 100 mg of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (chain length varying between C10 to C14)/l drinking water for 100 weeks). No differences were seen between test and control groups. No NOEL can be established due to deficiencies in the study design. Wistar rats (about 150 g, 10 per sex and group) received the test product (dishwashing detergent containing linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid) was mixed into drinking water at corresponding to 0, 0.015, 0.075 and 0.375 ml linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid/kg bw for 6 months. In the 3rd group the dose was increased after 9 weeks to 0.563 and again after 8 weeks to 0.75 ml/kg bw for 9 weeks. No differences were seen in haematological urine examinations between control and treated animals. Males showed decreased weight gain in the 3rd dose group, but the change was reversible once the treatment was stopped. Organ weights of the third group animals (5 per sex) killed immediately after the treatment were lower than those of the controls. Only control and the 3rd treatment groups were examined histologically. The animals in 3rd treatment group had small petechial bleedings (kidney, myocardium, lungs) and mucosal necrotis spots in gastrointestinal canal. They also had massive atrophy in adrenal glands and some atrophy in thymus. It is not possible to assess if changes showed correlation with dose or not, because only highest group was studied. No NOEL can be drawn from the study due to limited data available. Albino rats (FDRL strain, 15 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed at 0, 50 and 250 mg/kg bw for 12 weeks. Growth responses and food intake, haematological and urinary examinations showed no abnormalities. Histological findings revealed no abnormalities in lower dose group compared with control. Females in higher dose group had higher liver weight to body weight ratio than controls (p<0.01). The lower dose-group of 50 mg/kg bw/day showed no treatment-related changes. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. Sprague-Dawley rat (10 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5%) for 90 days (corresponding to 8.8, 44 and 220 mg/kg bw). No statistically significant differences were seen in weight gains, food utilisation, haematological and urinary examinations. Organ to body ratios as well as macroscopic and microscopic findings were comparable in treated and control groups. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. Charles River rat (50 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5%) for 2 years (dose per kg bw is not given). No statistically significant differences were seen in weight gains and food utilisation during the first 12 weeks. Organ to body ratios did not show any statistically significant differences when control and highest dose group were compared. At 8 months, male rats in 0.02 and 0.1% group had lower liver weight to bw ratios but this was not seen at later time points and never in the highest dose group. Haematological examinations revealed no treatment related changes. No abnormal macroscopic findings were seen and microscopic findings did not differ between the groups. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. The highest dose (0.5% in feed for 2 years) did not show any treatment-related changes. A published repeated dose toxicity study has been carried out using 6 to 7 months old Beagle dogs (2 animals per sex and group). A linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid-containing product (15% linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid) was administered in doses of 0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg bw daily for 6 months by gavage (corresponding to 0, 1.5, 15, and 150 mg linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid/kg bw). Lowest dose group showed no treatment-related changes. One female dog in middle dose level group had drooling from the second week forward and one animal regurgitated part of one dose which lead to sedation and decreased appetite. In the highest dose group, 3 to 4 animals had marked salivation. No animals died. In the highest dose group feed intake was moderately reduced. Marked reduction in weight gain was only seen in the highest dose group (more pronounced in females). No changes were seen in blood and urinary tests. Eyes and hearing were normal in all groups. In highest dose group mucosal erosions were found in stomach (mainly in cardia) of one male and one female. Presence of haemosiderosis in spleen was more pronounced in highest dose group. One dog in the same group had small necroses in pancreas and 2 dogs had some iron-free pigment in kidneys. No NOEL can be established due to small number of animals and limited data available. According to a WHO report, minimal effects, including biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver, have been reported in subchronic studies in which rats were administered linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in the diet or drinking water at concentrations equivalent to doses greater than 120 mg/kg bw per day. These changes appeared to be reversible. In the absence of the original data, no firm conclusion on the data reported in the WHO report can be drawn. 6. Tolerance in dairy cows was studied using commercial teat dip containing 2% linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid. The product was used post-milking twice daily for 10 days. The product was well-tolerated. 7. Effects on reproduction have been documented using 2 published articles, one of which described a study in rats (10 females and 10 males/group) using only one dose level of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulphonic acid (0 and 100 mg/l drinking water). The data provided are too limited for the assessment. Charles River rat (20 males and 20 females/group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5% daily) in the 3-generation study (dose per kg bw is not given). No gross abnormalities were noted in pups. Rats of the F1 and F2 generations had similar growth patterns and organ to body weight ratios in control and test groups. No abnormalities were seen in histological examinations. In haematological studies, a statistically significant difference (level of significance not indicated) was seen in red blood cell count between control and females of highest test group. F3-weanlings were normal with respect to growth, organ to body weight ratios, macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Haematological values showed no treatment related trend or pattern in this study. The studie

DESCRIPTION:
Calcium lactate is a white crystalline salt with formula C6H10CaO6, consisting of two lactate anions H3C(CHOH)CO−2 for each calcium cation Ca2+.
Calcium lactate forms several hydrates, the most common being the pentahydrate C6H10CaO6•5H2O.

CAS Number 814-80-2
EC Number: 212-406-7
IUPAC Name: calcium;2-hydroxypropanoate
Molecular Formula: C6H10CaO6

Calcium Lactate is a premium quality product and an extract of Lactic Acid.
Calcium Lactate works well in the production of Caviar, pearls, spaghetti and spheres using spherification techniques.
Calcium Lactate can also be used to coat fresh fruit and cantaloupes to keep them firm and extend the shelf life.

Calcium Lactate is a white non-hygroscopic salt and is a recommended source of calcium.
Calcium Lactate provides calcium salts in a soluble form to react with Alginate, Gellan or certain kinds of Carrageenan which permit gel formation without heating.
Its taste is more discreet than Calcium Chloride (salty and sometimes bitter).

Calcium Lactate is recommended for all reactions of inverse spherification and reacts where Alginate and Calcium sources are intimately mixed when in a diffuse setting or full contact gelling.
Calcium Lactate also works well in the production of drops, Caviar pearls and all shapes of spaghetti by immersion of an Alginate solution in a Calcium setting bath.
Calcium Lactate is Suitable for Vegans & Vegetarians, Non-GMO, Gluten Free, Kosher Friendly, Halal Friendly.

Calcium lactate is a mineral that is found naturally in foods.
Calcium lactate is used to prevent and treat low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis) and weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets).
Calcium lactate is necessary for normal functioning of nerves, cells, muscle, and bone.

If there is not enough calcium in the blood, then the body will take calcium from bones, thereby weakening bones.
Calcium lactate is used as a firming agent, flavouring agent, leavening agent, stabiliser, and thickener.
Calcium lactate is also found in daily dietary supplements as a source of calcium.

Calcium lactate (Food Acid 327) is a white crystalline salt made by the action of lactic acid on calcium carbonate.
Calcium lactate is used in foods (as a baking powder) and given medicinally.
Calcium lactate is often found in aged cheeses.
Small crystals of it precipitate out when lactic acid is converted into a less soluble form by the bacteria active during the ripening process.

In medicine, calcium lactate is most commonly used as an antacid and also to treat calcium deficiencies.
Calcium lactate can be absorbed at various pHs and does not need to be taken with food for absorption for these reasons.

Calcium lactate is an antacid and a calcium supplement.
Calcium lactate is a salt of calcium with lactic acid, which is often used to treat or prevent kidney stones and periodontal disease.
Calcium lactate also helps to form new bone by stimulating osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation.

Calcium lactate can be used therapeutically to increase bone growth in people with osteoporosis or to repair bones after injury.
Calcium lactate also helps heal fractures, relieves pain from arthritis, and treats cancer by preventing cell proliferation.
Calcium lactate is a white powder that dissolves in water and can be mixed with other liquids such as fruit juice or milk.

Calcium Lactate is a dairy-free, vegan tablet that helps maintain healthy bone density.
Calcium Lactate is an excellent source of calcium and a good source of magnesium.

Calcium lactate is a salt that consists of two lactate anions for each calcium cation (Ca2+).
Calcium lactate is prepared commercially by the neutralization of lactic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
Approved by the FDA as a direct food substance affirmed as generally recognized as safe, calcium lactate is used as a firming agent, flavoring agent, leavening agent, stabilizer, and thickener.

Calcium lactate is also found in daily dietary supplements as a source of calcium.
Calcium lactate is also available in various hydrate forms, where calcium lactate pentahydrate is the most common.

Calcium lactate is used in medicine, mainly to treat calcium deficiencies; and as a food additive with E number of E327.
Some cheese crystals consist of calcium lactate.

The lactate ion is chiral, with two enantiomers, D (−,R) and L (+,S). The L isomer is the one normally synthesized and metabolized by living organisms, but some bacteria can produce the D form or convert the L to D.
Thus calcium lactate also has D and L isomers, where all anions are of the same type.

Some synthesis processes yield a mixture of the two in equal parts, resulting in the DL (racemic) salt. Both the L and the DL forms occur as crystals on the surface of aging Cheddar cheese.

The solubility of calcium L-lactate in water increases significantly in presence of d-gluconate ions, from 6.7 g/dl) at 25 °C to 9.74 g/dl or more.
Paradoxically, while the solubility of calcium L-lactate increases with temperature from 10 °C (4.8 g/dl) to 30 °C (8.5 g/dl), the concentration of free Ca2+ ions decreases by almost one half.
This is explained as the lactate and calcium ions becoming less hydrated and forming a complex C3H5O3Ca+.

The DL (racemic) form of the salt is much less soluble in water than the pure L or D isomers, so that a solution that contains as little as 25% of the D form will deposit racemic DL-lactate crystals instead of L-lactate.
The pentahydrate loses water in a dry atmosphere between 35 and 135 °C, being reduced to the anhydrous form and losing its crystalline character.
The process is reversed at 25 °C and 75% relative humidity.

PREPARATION OF CALCIUM LACTATE:
Calcium lactate can be prepared by the reaction of lactic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
Since the 19th century, the salt has been obtained industrially by fermentation of carbohydrates in the presence of calcium mineral sources such as calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
Fermentation may produce either D or L lactate, or a racemic mixture of both, depending on the type of organism used.

USES OF CALCIUM LACTATE:
Calcium Lactate is used to prevent or treat low blood calcium levels in people who do not get enough calcium from their diets.
Calcium lactate may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany).

Calcium lactate may also be used in certain patients to make sure they are getting enough calcium (such as women who are pregnant, nursing, or postmenopausal, people taking certain medications such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, or prednisone).
Calcium plays a very important role in the body.

Calcium lactate is necessary for normal functioning of nerves, cells, muscle, and bone.
If there is not enough calcium in the blood, then the body will take calcium from bones, thereby weakening bones.
Having the right amount of calcium is important for building and keeping strong bones.

Medicine:
Calcium lactate has several uses in human and veterinary medicine.
Calcium lactate is used in medicine as an antacid.
Calcium lactate is also used to treat hypocalcaemia (calcium deficiencies).

Calcium lactate can be absorbed at various pHs, thus Calcium lactate does not need to be taken with food.
However, in this use Calcium lactate has been found to be less convenient than calcium citrate.

In the early 20th century, oral administration of calcium lactate dissolved in water (but not in milk or tablets) was found to be effective in prevention of tetany in humans and dogs with parathyroid insufficiency or who underwent parathyroidectomy.
Calcium lactate is also found in some mouth washes and toothpaste as an anti-tartar agent.

Calcium lactate (or other calcium salts) is an antidote for soluble fluoride ingestion and hydrofluoric acid.

Food industry:
Calcium lactate is a food additive classified by the United States FDA as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), for uses as a firming agent, a flavor enhancer or flavoring agent, a leavening agent, a nutritional supplement, and a stabilizer and thickener.

Calcium lactate is also known as cheese lactate because it coagulates milk, making the chhena used in the production of paneer cheese.
Chhena is also used to make various sweets and other milk proteins.

Calcium lactate is an ingredient in some baking powders containing sodium acid pyrophosphate.
It provides calcium in order to delay leavening.
Calcium lactate is added to sugar-free foods to prevent tooth decay.

When added to chewing gum containing xylitol, it increases the remineralization of tooth enamel.
Calcium lactate is also added to fresh-cut fruits, such as cantaloupes, to keep them firm and extend their shelf life, without the bitter taste caused by calcium chloride, which can also be used for this purpose.

Calcium lactate is used in molecular gastronomy as a flavorless fat-soluble agent for plain and reverse spherification.
Calcium lactate reacts with sodium alginate to form a skin around the food item.

Animal feeds:
Calcium lactate may be added to animal rations as a source of calcium.

Chemistry:
Calcium lactate was formerly an intermediate in the preparation of lactic acid for food and medical uses.
The impure acid from various sources was converted to calcium lactate, purified by crystallization, and then converted back to acid by treatment with sulfuric acid, which precipitated the calcium as calcium sulfate.
This method yielded a purer product than would be obtained by distillation of the original acid.
Recently ammonium lactate has been used as an alternative to calcium in this process.

Water treatment:
Calcium lactate has been considered as a coagulant for removing suspended solids from water, as a renewable, non-toxic, and biodegradable alternative to aluminum chloride AlCl3.

Bioconcrete:
Addition of calcium lactate substantially increases the compressive strength and reduces water permeability of bioconcrete, by enabling bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cohnii, Bacillus pseudofirmus and Sporosarcina pasteurii to produce more calcite.

Calcium lactate is a food additive that’s typically added to a wide variety of foods to enhance their texture and flavor or help extend their shelf life.

Calcium lactate can also be used as an ingredient in medications or certain types of calcium supplements.

HOW TO USE CALCIUM LACTATE:
Take Calcium lactate by mouth with food.
If your product contains calcium citrate, then Calcium lactate may be taken with or without food.
Follow all directions on the product package, or take as directed by your doctor.

For best absorption, if your daily dose is more than 600 milligrams, then divide your dose and space it throughout the day.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
If you are using the chewable product, chew Calcium lactate well before swallowing.

If you are using the effervescent tablet, allow the tablet to fully dissolve in a glass of water before drinking it.
Do not chew or swallow the tablet whole.

If you are using the liquid product or powder, measure the medication with a dose-measuring spoon or device to make sure you get the correct dose.
Do not use a household spoon.
If the liquid product is a suspension, shake the bottle well before each dose.

PHARMACOLOGY:
Pharmacodynamics:
Both components of calcium lactate, calcium ion and lactic acid, play essential roles in the human body as a skeletal element an energy source, respectively 4.

Mechanism of action:
In aqueous environments such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, calcium lactate will dissociate into calcium cation and lactic acid anions, the conjugate base of lactic acid.
Lactic acid is a naturally-occurring compound that serves as fuel or energy in mammals by acting as an ubiquitous intermediate in the metabolic pathways 4.
Lactic acid diffuses through the muscles and is transported to the liver by the bloodstream to participate in gluconeogenesis 4.

Absorption:
In order to be absorbed, calcium must be in its freely soluble form (Ca2+) or bound to a soluble organic molecule.
Calcium absorption mainly occurs at the duodenum and proximal jejunum due to more acidic pH and the abundance of the calcium binding proteins 4.
The mean calcium absorption is about 25% of calcium intake (range is 10 – 40%) in the small intestine, and is mediated by both passive diffusion and active transport 4.

Volume of distribution:
The majority of calcium absorbed (99%) is stored in the skeleton and teeth for structural integrity 4.

Metabolism:
In hepatic gluconeogenesis, lactic acid is converted to glucose. Lactic acid may be further catabolyzed in the lactic acid cycle 4.

Route of elimination:
Following oral administration to a human volunteer, 20 to 30% of a dose of lactic acid of up to 3000 mg was excreted via the urine during a period of 14 hours 4.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF CALCIUM LACTATE:
Very few studies have specifically researched the health benefits of calcium lactate.
That said, calcium lactate can be used as a main source of calcium in calcium supplements, and some studies link calcium-rich diets to stronger and healthier bones, though research is inconsistent.

Though sourcing your calcium directly from foods remains the best way to ingest this mineral, supplements can be a helpful tool for those who are unable to get enough calcium through their diet alone.

When consumed as a supplement, calcium lactate may provide benefits similar to those associated with other calcium supplements, including:
Stronger bones: When taken together with vitamin D, calcium supplements are thought to contribute to the development and maintenance of strong, healthy bones.

Reduced blood pressure: Calcium-rich diets may help slightly lower systolic blood pressure (the top number) in those with elevated blood pressure.
However, there seems to be little benefit among people with normal blood pressure levels.

Protection against preeclampsia: High calcium intakes during pregnancy may lower the risk of preeclampsia, a serious complication that affects up to 14% of pregnancies worldwide.

Protection against colon cancer: Studies suggest that a high calcium intake from foods or supplements may reduce colon cancer risk.
Still, more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Older studies further suggest that chewing gums containing calcium lactate together with the artificial sweetener xylitol may help protect against cavities.
Yet, more research is needed to confirm these results

Gram per gram, calcium lactate tends to provide smaller amounts of calcium than more popular forms of calcium, such as calcium carbonate and calcium citrate

Therefore, to contain equivalent amounts of calcium, calcium lactate supplements may be larger than other types of calcium supplements, potentially making them harder to swallow.
You may also need to take more pills.

Calcium lactate is likely less constipating than calcium carbonate, but it doesn’t provide any additional benefits beyond those associated with calcium citrate.
This explains why it’s seldom used as a main ingredient in calcium supplements

Calcium Lactate is a dairy-free, vegan tablet that helps maintain healthy bone density.
Calcium Lactate is an excellent source of calcium and a good source of magnesium.
Calcium Lactate Supports muscle and nerve function

Calcium Lactate Supports normal functions of cells and cell membranes
Calcium Lactate Supports normal blood clotting process
Calcium Lactate Supports proper functioning of enzyme systems

Calcium Lactate Supports and helps maintain healthy bone density and remodeling
Calcium Lactate Provides support in the immune system response function*
Calcium Lactate is Adequate calcium as part of a healthful diet, along with physical activity, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later life

Calcium Lactate is Excellent source of calcium
Calcium Lactate is Good source of magnesium
Calcium Lactate is Vegan, vegetarian, gluten-free, non-dairy, non-soy

Calcium Lactate for Maintaining Healthy Bone Density:
Bone remodeling (bone turnover) is a continuous cycle of bone breakdown by osteoclasts in areas of the body where bone isn’t needed, and bone rebuilding handled by osteoblasts.
In other words, bone itself undergoes continuous remodeling, with constant resorption and deposition of calcium into new bone.
The balance between bone resorption and deposition is important for healthy bones, and it changes with age.

Both calcium and magnesium are critical to bone health.
99% of the body’s calcium supply is stored in the bones and teeth where it supports normal and healthy bone structure and function.
Taking an additional calcium supplement can help increase the body’s supply of calcium.

Magnesium also contributes to the structural development of bone, with 50% to 60% present in the bones.
In particular, magnesium is involved in bone formation and influences the activities of osteoblasts (bone rebuilding) and osteoclasts (bone breakdown).

Calcium Lactate for Immune System Health:
Both calcium and magnesium are involved in supporting aspects of the body’s healthy immune system.
Calcium (Ca2+) signals control various aspects of cell functioning such as T lymphocytes.
T lymphocytes – along with other immune cells – respond to foreign particles in the body.
These T cells, which are made in bone marrow and are essential for cell-mediated immunity, need a sustained Calcium ion flow for regulation, activation, and proliferation.

Emerging research indicates magnesium may also play a role in the human immune system response such as through magnesium transporters.
A number of magnesium transporters have been identified in immune cells such as Magnesium transporter 1 (MagT1).
MagT1 is expressed in the spleen, thymus, T and B lymphocytes, suggesting that MagT1 may be involved in the human immune system functions.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT CALCIUM LACTATE:

What is calcium lactate?:
Calcium lactate is a white or cream, almost odorless food additive derived from lactic acid, a compound that cells naturally create when trying to produce energy in low oxygen conditions

It’s produced commercially by neutralizing lactic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide and most often used to stabilize, thicken, flavor, firm, or leaven foods.
Calcium lactate is either referred to by its name or E number — E327 (2, 3).

Calcium lactate can also be added to calcium supplements or medications used to treat acid reflux, bone loss, a poorly functioning parathyroid gland, or certain muscle diseases.
Calcium lactate may also be added to animal feed or used to treat water to make it suitable for human consumption.

Despite its similar name, calcium lactate does not contain lactose.
As such, it’s safe for people with lactose intolerance.

What foods contain calcium lactate?:
Calcium lactate is commonly used as a food additive in packaged foods, such as nectars jams, jellies, and marmalades butter, margarine, and other types of fats used for cooking or frying canned fruits and vegetables beer.

It’s sometimes also added to fresh foods, such as mozzarella cheese, fresh pastas, or precut fruit to help them maintain their firmness or extend their shelf life.
You can tell whether a food contains calcium lactate by looking for it on the ingredient label.
Calcium lactate may also be labeled as E327

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM LACTATE:
Chemical formula C6H10CaO6
Molar mass 218.22 g/mol
Appearance white or off-white powder, slightly efflorescent
Density 1.494 g/cm3
Melting point 240 °C (464 °F; 513 K) (anhydrous)
120 °C (pentahydrate)
Solubility in water L-lactate, anhydrous, g/100 mL: 4.8 (10 °C), 5.8 (20 °C), 6.7 (25 °C), 8.5 (30 °C); 7.9 g/100 mL (30 °C)
Solubility very soluble in methanol, insoluble in ethanol
Acidity (pKa) 6.0-8.5
Refractive index (nD) 1.470
Ignition temperature 610 °C
Melting Point 240 °C
pH value 7 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density 300 - 500 kg/m3
Solubility 50 g/l
Storage Store at +15°C to +25°C.
Assay (complexometric; calculated on dried substance) 98.0 - 101.0 %
Identity (IR-spectrum) passes test
Identity (Calcium) passes test
Identity (Lactat) passes test
Appearance white to almost white crystalline or granular powder
Appearance of solution (71 g/l; water) almost clear (≤ 6 NTU) and not more intense in colour than reference solution BY₆
Acidity or alkalinity passes test
pH (71 g/l; water) 6.0 - 8.0
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 200 ppm
Fluoride (F) ≤ 30 ppm
Sulfate (SO₄) ≤ 400 ppm
Heavy metals (as Pb) ≤ 10 ppm
Al (Aluminium) ≤ 50 ppm
As (Arsenic) ≤ 3 ppm
Ba (Barium)* ≤ 70 ppm
Fe (Iron) ≤ 50 ppm
Hg (Mercury) ≤ 1 ppm
Pb (Lead) ≤ 2 ppm
Magnesium and alcali salts ≤ 1.0 %
Volatile fatty acids passes test
Reducing substances passes test
Residual solvents (ICH Q3C) excluded by production process
Loss on drying (125 °C) 22.0 - 27.0 %
Molecular Weight 218.22 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 6
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 218.0103289 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 218.0103289 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 121Å²
Heavy Atom Count 13
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 53.5
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 3
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CALCIUM LACTATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

SYNONYMS OF CALCIUM LACTATE:
Ca lactate
calcium lactate
calcium lactate
814-80-2
Calphosan
Calcium dilactate
calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate
Hemicalcium L-lactate
Conclyte calcium
Lactic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid calcium salt
63690-56-2
calcium;2-hydroxypropanoate
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2:1)
Calcium lactate anhydrous
Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate (1:2)
5743-48-6
Calcium Lactate [USAN:JAN]
CCRIS 3669
HSDB 976
Calcium (as lactate)
calcium bis(2-hydroxypropanoate)
EINECS 212-406-7
Calcium lactate, anhydrous
Ins No.327
UNII-2URQ2N32W3
AI3-04468
2URQ2N32W3
28305-25-1
CALCIUM LACTATE (1 G)
DTXSID0020236
INS-327
INS-327-
EINECS 227-266-2
Calcium lactate [II]
Calcium lactate [MI]
Calcium lactate [FCC]
Calcium lactate [HSDB]
Calcium lactate [INCI]
Calcium lactate (1:2)
Calcium lactate [VANDF]
E-327
EC 212-406-7
Calcium lactate [WHO-DD]
DTXCID60236
Calcium (as lactate) [VANDF]
Ca lactate
C3H6O3.1/2Ca
Calcium (S)-2-hydroxy-propanate
CAS-814-80-2
(+/-)-Lactic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
calcium dl-lactate
C3-H6-O3.1/2Ca
L(+)-calcium lactate
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt
C3H6O3.xCa
Lactic acid, calcium salt
SCHEMBL4319
C3-H6-O3.x-Ca
CHEMBL2106111
HY-B2227A
CALCIUM LACTATE [USP-RS]
Lactic acid calcium salt (2:1)
MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
AMY37027
Tox21_201378
Tox21_302896
Bis(2-hydroxypropanoic acid) calcium
AKOS015837558
CALCIUM LACTATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
DB13231
LS-2396
NCGC00256365-01
NCGC00258929-01
LS-192480
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid calcium salt (2:1)
CS-0021602
FT-0623403
FT-0652809
F16480
CALCIUM LACTATE ANHYDROUS [USP MONOGRAPH]
CALCIUM LACTATE, ANHYDROUS [EP IMPURITY]
A840142
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2;1)
Q419693

Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is white to almost white crystalline or granular powder.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is a natural active ionic calcium.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate has high solubility and dissolving speed, high bioavailability, good taste.

CAS Number: 5743-47-5
EC Number: 248-953-3
MDL Number: MFCD00287281
Linear Formula: [CH3CH(OH)COO]2Ca · 5H2O
Molecular Formula: C6H20CaO11

Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is a crystalline salt produced by the action of lactic acid on calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is the salt of Lactic Acid (L113490), occurs in small quantities in the blood and muscle fluid of man and animals.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate concentration increases in muscle and blood after vigorous activity.

Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is produced by mixing lactic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate has high solubility and dissolving speed, high bioavailability, good taste.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate’s a good source of calcium used widely in food &beverage, health products, pharmaceutical and others fields.

Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is a natural active ionic calcium.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is a calcium preparation approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as food.
Because of Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate's high calcium content, high solubility, high absorption rate, high safety and reasonable price and other advantages are valued.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is a white powder.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE:
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate also referred to as L-Lactic acid calcium salt or calcii lactas pentahydricus enhances the calcium bioavailability.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is useful in treating calcium deficiencies.

Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold under the trade name AE Organo-Metallics for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes, including bulk quantities.

Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is a common food additive.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is used in commercial products to prevent tooth decay, as an antacid and in the treatment of calcium deficiencies.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is also found in baking soda and in cheese crystals.

Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is used food additive, toothpaste manufacturing.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate has been used for in vitro maturation (IVM) of horse oocytes.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate has also been used as a supplement for medium TCM-199.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight: 308.29 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 7
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 11
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 308.0631523 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 308.0631523 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 18
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 53.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 8
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Compound Formula: C6H20CaO11
Molecular Weight: 308.3
Appearance: White Powder
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 308.063152
Monoisotopic Mass: 308.063152
Linear Formula: (C3H5O6)2Ca • 5H2O
MDL Number: MFCD00287281
EC No.: 248-953-3
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 4923285
Pubchem CID: 165341
IUPAC Name: calcium; 2-hydroxypropanoate; pentahydrate
SMILES CC(C(=O)[O-])O.CC(C(=O)[O-])O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ca+2]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/2C3H6O3.Ca.5H2O/c2*1-2(4)3(5)6;;;;;;/h2*2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6);;5*1H2/q;;+2;;;;;/p-2
InchI Key: HPVJXNNKHRNBOY-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available

Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 227.00 to 228.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.015000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 230.00 °F. TCC ( 109.90 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -0.698 (est)

Appearance: White Powder
Infrared spectrum: Conforms
Titration Complexometric: ≥97.5 % (on dry substance)
Loss on drying: 22.0 % to 27.0 %
Heavy metals: ≤10 ppm
pH: 6.0 to 8.0 (5 % in water)
Chloride (Cl): ≤80 ppm
Phosphate (PO4): ≤150 ppm
Sulfate (SO4): ≤400 ppm
Arsenic (As): ≤1 ppm
Calcium (Ca): 13.4 to 14.5 %
Iron (Fe): ≤40 ppm
Alkalies+Mg (as sulfates): ≤1.0 %
Appearance: crystalline powder
Color: white to cream color
Odor: almost odorless
Solubility: Freely soluble in hot water
Molecular formula: C6H10CaO6·5H2O
Molecular weight: 308.3 g/mol

FIRST AID MEASURES of CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
Calcium lactate pentahydrate
5743-47-5
calcium;2-hydroxypropanoate;pentahydrate
UNII-4FM1N296CM
4FM1N296CM
calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate
C3H6O3.1/2Ca
Calcium (S)-2-hydroxy-propanate
28305-25-1
C3-H6-O3.1/2Ca
CALCAREA LACTICA
Calcium lactate (TN)
41372-22-9
Lactic Acid Calcium Salt
calcium dl-lactate pentahydrate
CALCAREA LACTICA [HPUS]
DTXSID7052236
Calcium lactate hydrate (JP17)
HPVJXNNKHRNBOY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
calcium2-hydroxypropanoatepentahydrate
CALCIUM LACTATE HYDRATE [JAN]
AKOS025295484
PUR113 COMPONENT CALCIUM LACTATE
PUR118 COMPONENT CALCIUM LACTATE
CALCIUM LACTATE (1:2) PENTAHYDRATE
CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
FT-0699915
Lactic acid, calcium salt, hydrate (2:1:5)
D02254
L-Lactic acid calcium salt
Calcium L-lactate pentahydrate
Calcium L-lactate pentahydrate
Calcii lactas pentahydricus
L-Lactic acid calcium salt
Calcium lactate hydrate
Calcium L-lactate hydrate
L-Lactic acid calcium salt hydrate
Lactic acid, calcium salt (2:1), pentahydrate
CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Q27259531
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2:1), pentahydrate
Calcium L-lactate pentahydrate
L-Lactic acid calcium salt
Calcium lactate pentahydrate
(S)-(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid hemicalcium salt pentahydrate
L-Lactic acid hemicalcium salt
Sarcolactic acid hemicalcium salt
Calcium Lactate 5H2O, calcium (S)-2-hydroxypropionate pentahydrate
calcium bis(L-lactate) pentahydrate
L-Lactic acid calcium salt
Calcium L-lactate pentahydrate
calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate
L-Lactic acid calcium salt
Calcium L-lactate pentahydrate
Calcium L-lactate pentahydrate
Calcii lactas pentahydricus
L-Lactic acid calcium salt
Calcium lactate hydrate
Calcium L-lactate hydrate
L-Lactic acid calcium salt hydrate
Lactic Acid Calcium Salt (2:1) Pentahydrate
Propanoic Acid 2-Hydroxycalcium Salt Pentahydrate
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate
Puracal DC
L(+)-Lactic acid calcium salt pentahydrate
(S)-(+)-Lactic acid calcium salt pentahydrate
Calcium L(+)-2-hydroxypropionate pentahydrate
(S)-(+)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid calcium salt pentahydrate
(S)-(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid calcium salt pentahydrate
Calcium (S)-(+)-2-hydroxypropionate pentahydrate
2-HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT HYDRATE
2-HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT: HYDRATE
CALCII LACTAS PENTAHYDRICUS
CALCIUM-L-2-HYDROXY-PROPIONATE MONOHYDRATE
CALCIUM-L-2-HYDROXY-PROPIONATE PENTAHYDRATE
CALCIUM LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE
CALCIUM L-LACTATE HYDRATE
CALCIUM L-LACTATE PENTAHYDRATE
L-CALCIUM LACTATE
L-(+)-LACTIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT
L-LACTIC ACID CALCIUM SALT
L(+) LACTIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT MONOHYDRATE
L(+) LACTIC ACID CALCIUM SALT PENTAHYDRATE
L-LACTIC ACID CALCIUM SALT PENTAHYDRATE
L-LACTIC ACID CA-SALT
L(+)-LACTIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT: HYDRATE
PURACAL(R) MP
PURACAL(R) PG
PURACAL(R) PP
SARCOLACTIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT HYDRATE
SARCOLACTIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT HYDRATE
SARCOLACTIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT: HYDRATE
PURACAL(R) MP
PURACAL(R) PG
PURACAL(R) PP
2-HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT HYDRATE
2-HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT: HYDRATE
L-CALCIUM LACTATE
calcium lactate 5-hydrate, calcium lactate
2-hydroxypropanoic acid, calcium salt pentahydrate
L-Lactic acid calcium salt
Calcium L-lactate pentahydrate

Chemical formula: Ca(NO3)2
EC Number: 233-332-1
CAS Number: 10124-37-5
IUPAC name: Calcium dinitrate
Molar mass: 164.088 g

Calcium nitrate, also called Norgessalpeter (Norwegian salpeter), is an inorganic compound with the formula Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x.
The anhydrous compound of Calcium nitrate, which is rarely encountered, absorbs moisture from the air to give the tetrahydrate.
Both anhydrous and hydrated forms are colourless salts.

Calcium nitrate is mainly used as a component in fertilizers, but it has other applications.
Nitrocalcite is the name for a mineral which is a hydrated calcium nitrate that forms as an efflorescence where manure contacts concrete or limestone in a dry environment as in stables or caverns.
A variety of related salts are known including calcium ammonium nitrate decahydrate and calcium potassium nitrate decahydrate.

Production and reactivity of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate was synthesized at Notodden, Norway in 1905 by the Birkeland–Eyde process.
Most of the world's calcium nitrate is now made in Porsgrunn.

Calcium nitrate is produced by treating limestone with nitric acid, followed by neutralization with ammonia:
CaCO3 + 2 HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

Calcium nitrate is also an intermediate product of the Odda Process:
Ca5(PO4)3OH + 10 HNO3 → 3 H3PO4 + 5 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

Calcium nitrate can also be prepared from an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate, and calcium hydroxide:
2 NH4NO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2 NH4OH

Like related alkaline earth metal nitrates, calcium nitrate decomposes upon heating (starting at 500 °C) to release nitrogen dioxide:
2 Ca(NO3)2 → 2 CaO + 4 NO2 + O2 ΔH = 369 kJ/mol

Applications and uses of Calcium nitrate in agriculture:
The fertilizer grade (15.5-0-0 + 19% Ca) is popular in the greenhouse and hydroponics trades; it contains ammonium nitrate and water, as the "double salt" {5Ca(NO3)2.NH4NO3.10H2O}}}
This is called calcium ammonium nitrate.
Formulations lacking ammonia are also known:
Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (11.9-0-0 + 16.9 Ca) and the water-free 17-0-0 + 23.6 Ca.
A liquid formulation (9-0-0 + 11 Ca) is also offered.
An anhydrous, air-stable derivative is the urea complex Ca(NO3)2·4[OC(NH2)2], which has been sold as Cal-Urea.

Calcium nitrate is also used to control certain plant diseases.
For example, dilute calcium nitrate (and calcium chloride) sprays are used to control bitter pit and cork spot in apple trees.

Waste water treatment of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is used in waste water pre-conditioning for odour emission prevention.
The waste water pre-conditioning is based on establishing an anoxic biology in the waste water system.
In the presence of nitrate, the metabolism for sulfates stops, thus preventing formation of hydrogen sulfide.

Additionally easy degradable organic matter is consumed, which otherwise can cause anaerobic conditions downstream as well as odour emissions itself.
The concept is also applicable for surplus sludge treatment.

Calcium nitrate is used in set accelerating concrete admixtures.
This use of Calcium nitrate with concrete and mortar is based on two effects.
The calcium ion accelerates formation of calcium hydroxide and thus precipitation and setting.
This effect is used also in cold weather concreting agents as well as some combined plasticizers.
The nitrate ion leads to formation of iron hydroxide, whose protective layer reduces corrosion of the concrete reinforcement.

Latex coagulant of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is a very common coagulant in latex production, especially in dipping processes.
Dissolved calcium nitrate is a part of the dipping bath solution.
The warm former is dipped into the coagulation liquid and a thin film of the dipping liquid remains on the former.
When now dipping the former into the latex the calcium nitrate will break up the stabilization of the latex solution and the latex will coagulate on the former.

Cold packs of Calcium nitrate:
The dissolution of calcium nitrate is highly endothermic (cooling).
For this reason, calcium nitrate is sometimes used for regenerable cold packs.

Calcium nitrate can be used as a part of molten salt mixtures.
Typical are binary mixtures of calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate or ternary mixtures including also sodium nitrate.
Those molten salts can be used to replace thermo oil in concentrated solar power plants for the heat transfer, but mostly those are used in heat storage.

About Calcium nitrate Helpful information
Calcium nitrate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Calcium nitrate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, fertilisers, cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals, adhesives and sealants, pH regulators and water treatment products, coating products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and metal working fluids.
Other release to the environment of Calcium nitrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Service life of Calcium nitrate:
Release to the environment of Calcium nitrate can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with high release rate (e.g. sanding operations or paint stripping by shot-blasting).
Other release to the environment of Calcium nitrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).

Calcium nitrate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines), electrical batteries and accumulators and vehicles.
Calcium nitrate can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products, fertilisers, washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids and water treatment chemicals.
Calcium nitrate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, mining, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development.
Calcium nitrate is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products.
Other release to the environment of Calcium nitrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Formulation or re-packing of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: fertilisers, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals, heat transfer fluids, metal surface treatment products, coating products, explosives, pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products, textile treatment products and dyes, cosmetics and personal care products and adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of Calcium nitrate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses of Calcium nitrate at industrial sites:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, coating products, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids, anti-freeze products, textile treatment products and dyes, water treatment chemicals and laboratory chemicals.
Calcium nitrate is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Calcium nitrate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, fabricated metal products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), rubber products and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Calcium nitrate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Diseases like blossom end rot are easy to control with calcium nitrate.
What does calcium nitrate do?
Calcium nitrateprovides both calcium and nitrogen.
Calcium nitrateis usually applied as a dissolved solution, allowing for quicker plant uptake but may also be applied as side or top dressing.

Ammonium nitrate is a commonly used source of nitrogen but it interferes with calcium uptake and causes calcium deficiency disorders in plants.
The solution is to apply calcium nitrate instead to any crop that has a tendency to develop calcium deficiency disorders.

Calcium nitrate is produced by applying nitric acid to limestone and then adding ammonia.
Calcium nitrate is known as a double salt, since it is comprised of two nutrients common in fertilizers which are high in sodium.
The processed result also looks crystallized like salt.
Calcium nitrate is not organic and is an artificial fertilizer amendment.

What does calcium nitrate do?
Calcium nitrate helps with cell formation but it also neutralizes acids to detoxify the plant.
The nitrogen component is also responsible for fueling protein production and essentially leafy growth.
Heat and moisture stress can cause calcium deficiencies in certain crops, like tomatoes.
This is when to use calcium nitrate.
Calcium nitrateis combined nutrients can help cell growth stabilize and fuel leafy development.

Many growers automatically side dress or top dress their calcium sensitive crops with calcium nitrate.
Calcium nitrate is best to do a soil test first, as excess calcium can also lead to problems.
The idea is to find a balance of nutrients for each particular crop.
Tomatoes, apples and peppers are examples of crops that may benefit from calcium nitrate applications.

When applied early in fruit development, the calcium stabilizes cells so they don’t collapse, causing blossom end rot.
Meanwhile, the nitrogen is fueling plant growth.
If you are an organic gardener, however, calcium nitrate fertilizer is not an option for you since it is synthetically derived.

How to Use Calcium Nitrate Calcium nitrate fertilizer can be used as a foliar spray.
This is most effective in treating and preventing blossom end rot but also cork spot and bitter pit in apples.
You can also use it to treat magnesium deficiencies when it is combined at a rate of 3 to 5 pounds magnesium sulfate in 25 gallons of water (1.36 to 2.27 kg. in 94.64 liters).

As a side dress, use 3.5 pounds of calcium nitrate per 100 feet (1.59 kg per 30.48 m).
Mix the fertilizer into the soil, being careful to keep it off of foliage.
Water the area well to allow the nutrients to start seeping into soil and get to plant roots.

For a foliar spray to correct calcium deficiency and add nitrogen, add 1 cup of calcium nitrate to 25 gallons of water (128 grams to 94.64 liters).
Spray when the sun is low and plants have been watered sufficiently.

What is a Calcium Nitrate fertilizer?
Calcium Nitrate is a white granular soluble fertilizer that has two kinds of nutrients an hat is easily absorbed by the plant. Calcium nitratecontains 15,5% nitrogen (N) and 26,5% calcium oxide (CaO). 14% of nitrogen originates from nitrate (NO3) and 15% of nitrogen originates from ammonium (NH4).

Calcium oxide that is completely soluble in water
contains 19% calcium (Ca). Soluble calcium and nitrate nitrogen provides various
advantages, which other fertilizers do not have, for the plants.

Where is Calcium nitrate used?
Calcium nitrate fertilizer contains nitrate nitrogen and calcium, which are two major essential nutritious elements needed by the plants.
Calcium nitrateis the most appropriate choice for upper fertilizing for any kind of plantation, any kind of soil and every weather condition.
As it provides calcium and nitrate together, it does not cause formation of remnants in the roots of plants.

These two symbatic acting does not cause high levels of electrolyte formation in the soil.
Nitrogen in the form of nitrate elevates absorption of soluble calcium by the roots; thereby supports the supply of calcium to the plant.
Advantages of calcium nitrate as a fertilizer can be outlined in three headlines as given below:

Calcium nitratecontains nitrogen in the form of nitrates.
Nitrogen originating from nitrates is the preferred form for plants.
Nitrate facilitates absorption of nutrients such as calcium.
Especially in soil with clay may interfere with abruption of nitrogen coming from ammonium and indirectly prevents development of plants.

On the other hand nitrate nitrogen is not bound by such types of soil.
When plants are in need of nitrogen the roots can easily take nitrogen originating from nitrates from the soil.
So nitrate nitrogen enables fast supply of nitrogen to the plants.

Essential importance of calcium as a nutrient for plants
Calcium is a macro nutrient consumed in large amounts by plants.
Calcium nitrateforms the infrastructure of cell wall in plants.

Calcium is usually found in soil in the form of compounds, which cannot be absorbed by plants. Circulation of calcium is generally low inside the plants.
Calcium nitrate found in soil may not satisfy the needs of plants.

Calcium nitrate has a low solubility.
Due to the above mentioned reasons we need to use fertilizers containing calcium.
Plants cannot grow without calcium.
Calcium is one of the most consumed nutritious elements by plantations together with nitrogen and potassium.

Benefits of calcium nitrate fertilizer for the soil:
Calcium nitrate has refreshing effects on the soil as well as being a good nutrient for plants.
Calcium nitrateenables absorption of other nutrients that are bound clay minerals in soil.
Clay particles may be pressed together in soil types, which contain too little calcium or too
much sodium or which are being watered.
As a result movement of water and oxygen is slowed down and plant growth is impaired.
Water soluble calcium helps separation of clay particles and maintains porous structure of the soil.

Other advantages of calcium nitrate given below:
-Increases productivity and quality of products.
-Increases resistance to diseases and pests.
-Increases durability when the products are transported.
-Increases lifetime for storage of fruits.
-Facilitates calcium and nitrate absorption.
-Contains no additives or fillers.
-Will not evaporate, be washed away or cause burns.
-Will not cause an alkali soil.
-Will not increase the salts in soil.

Methods of applications of Calcium nitrate:
Greenhouse type of calcium nitrate fertilizer has a high level of purity and is in uncoated granular form.
Calcium nitrateis easily soluble in water.
Calcium nitrateis applied to greenhouse and open field
plants via leaves with sprinklers and rain-like watering systems.
Especially when it is applied via sprinklers or rain-like watering systems it should be given alone, not with other fertilizers containing sulfur or phosphorus.
Calcium nitrateshould not be mixed with pesticides.

Field type calcium nitrate on the other side is produced so as to be applied by hand or equipments.
As it is coated, it takes longer time to dissolve.
Calcium nitrateis appropriate for upper fertilizing process for production in fields following plantation of the seeds.
Calcium nitrate should be kept away from humidity and air.

Calcium nitrateis used as set accelerator and quality enhancer in the production of concrete and cement chemicals.
Nitrate is a very common coagulant in latex production, especially in dipping processes.
Nitrate can be used as part of the fused salt mixtures.
Can be used in fertilizers, explosives and pyrotechnics.

Calcium nitratecan be applied in irrigation systems (especially drip irrigation) with direct soil application or foliar for the treatment and treatment of calcium deficiency in agricultural crops.
Nitrate is used in wastewater to prevent odor emission.
In the presence of nitrate, metebolism is stopped for sulfates, thus formation of hydrogen sulfide is prevented.

Calcium Nitrate is a good source of both Calcium and Nitrate.
Depending on the type of application, you can choose between different grades and formulations.

Calcium Nitrate: the best Calcium and Nitrogen source
The advantage of Calcium Nitrate is the presence of Nitrogen in Nitrate form (N-NO3).
Nitrate is preferred by plants to Ammonium (N-NH4) or Urea (N-NH2).

Ammonium will reduce the pH of the substrate and can be toxic for the plant at high concentrations.
Urea is not readily available for the plant.
Calcium nitratefirst needs to be transferred to Ammonium before it can be absorbed.
Both Ammonium and Urea are more susceptible for volatilization when applied in dry circumstance.

Next to that, Nitrate is the only Nitrogen source that has a synergistic effect on Calcium and improves its uptake.
Therewith Calcium Nitrate supports the plant in the development of strong cell walls, which leads to an improved fruit quality as well as shelf-life.

Calcium nitrates provide fast-acting nitrate-N, alongside strength-building calcium.
In combination, these nutrients fuel prolonged growth.
Plants and trees treated with YaraLiva-branded fertilizers are naturally healthier and less sensitive to stress during growth.

Calcium nitrate fertilizers also improve the size, strength and appearance of the fruit, tuber, leaf or lettuce at harvest.
Crops respond more quickly to nitrate. Calcium nitrateis also more mobile in the soil and immediately available to the crop.
Finally, it reduces blossom end rot in crops like tomatoes and pepper, as well as leaf tip burn in leafy crops.

Calcium Nitrate is a highly water soluble crystalline Calcium source for uses compatible with nitrates and lower (acidic) pH.
All metallic nitrates are inorganic salts of a given metal cation and the nitrate anion.
The nitrate anion is a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of a single nitrogen atom ionically bound to three oxygen atoms (Formula: NO3) for a total formula weight of 62.05.
Nitrate compounds are generally soluble in water.
Nitrate materials are also oxidizing agents. When mixed with hydrocarbons, nitrate compounds can form a flammable mixture.

Nitrates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds and certain catalyst and nanoscale (nanoparticles and nanopowders) materials.
Calcium Nitrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.

Calcium Nitrate has many uses when it comes to oil and gas drilling.
Calcium nitrate is used in set accelerating concrete admixtures and oil well cement.
Using Calcium Nitrate with either concrete or mortar is based on two effects.

The calcium ion accelerates the formation of calcium hydroxide and thus precipitation and setting.
This effect is also used in cold weather concreting agents as well as some combined plasticizers.
Calcium Nitrate can also be used as a calcium source in invert oil emulsions.

Calcium Nitrate is an excellent source of Calcium for clear-water drilling.
Calcium Nitrate is an excellent source of Calcium for clear water drilling.
In moderate quantities, nitrates are a plant nutrient and can ultimately be consumed, actually aiding in revegetation of oil well sites.
The general “rule of thumb” is to maintain a minimum of 200-400 mg/L (1-3 kg/m3) of Calcium ion for clear water drilling.

Calcium nitrate is used in wastewater pre-conditioning for odor emission prevention.
When sourcing Calcium Nitrate from China, one has to be aware of the international transport restrictions regarding this product’s transport.
The explosion in Beirut was a result of poor storage of Ammonium Nitrate.
The solution to reducing the volatility and subsequent danger is to add ammonium to the mix.
Calcium nitrateresults in the product becoming Calcium Ammonium Nitrate.

Preparation & Procedures
Calcium Nitrate can be added to water in a separate identifiable container, and then this pre-dissolved mixture can be added through the hopper.
All users should be aware that ammonia gas will be liberated in the presence of excess hydroxide concentration.

Ammonia gas will irritate the nose, throat, and respiratory system and can cause eye injury.
Calcium nitrateis advisable to wear protective PPE, including a dust mask and eye protection while mixing powdered products.

Calcium Nitrate should be stored securely away from combustible materials and reducing agents.

Calcium nitrate includes nitrate nitrogen and calcium in a form that is optimum for uptaking by plants.
Among other useful lproperties available calcium improves durabitlity of cell wall.

Appearance: colorless solid: hygroscopic
Density: 2.504 g/cm3
Melting point: 561 °C
Solubility in water: 1212 g/L (20 °C)/ 2710 g/L (40 °C)
Solubility: soluble in ammonia almost insoluble in nitric acid
Solubility in ethanol: 51.4 g/100 g (20 °C)/ 62.9 g/100 g (40 °C)
Solubility in methanol: 134 g/100 g (10 °C)/ 144 g/100 g (40 °C)/ 158 g/100 g (60 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 16.8 g/kg (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 6.0
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -45.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Crystal structure: cubic
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 163.9382266
Monoisotopic Mass: 163.9382266
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 18.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Using calcium fertilizers also notably improves appearance of agricultural products and allows extending their shelf life.
Being alkaline physically (1 centner of the product equivalent to 0,2 centner of CaCO3), this product performs extremely well in acidic and alkali soils.

Applying this product improves crop yield by 10-15%, visibly improves consumer properties of vegetables and fruit, and stimulates growth of root system, particularly of its most active zone, i.e. root fibrilla.
Calcium nitratefacilitates formation of plant cell membranes, enhances cell walls, stimulates plant enzyme activities, metabolism and photosynthesis and accelerates transport of carbohydrate and nitrogen uptake in plants.

Crops become more resistant to environmental stress factors and to fungus and bacterial diseases, caused by shortage of calcium, such as blossom end rot of tomato and peppers, internal brown spot in potatoes or apple brown spot.
The product also improves storage properties of vegetables and fruit.

Calcium nitrate produces quick effect even in unfavorable climatic conditions, such as low temperature, excessive moisture, drought or low pH.
Availability of nitrate nitrogen facilitates absorption of calcium, magnesium and potassium ions and other cathions.
This is a proper agricultural solution for problematic acidic soils.

In 2.0 – 3.0 % concentration calcium nitrate is applied as a foliar fertilizer, mostly to eliminate symptoms of calcium deficiency in plants.
This fertilizer is most effective in regions with hot arid climate and high insolation.

Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer provides a fast-acting nitrogen source plus calcium for improved fruit and vegetable quality.
This fertilizer contains ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen, which results in quick uptake and fast growth responses.
Nitrate nitrogen also improves the uptake of potassium, calcium and magnesium by the plant.

Calcium has many important benefits for plants.
Calcium nitrateimproves cell wall strength, which leads to higher-quality fruits with a longer shelf-life.
Additionally, improved cell wall strength increases the plants ability to handle pest and disease pressure.
Calcium also increases heat-tolerance and helps to reduce the amount of heat stress experienced by plants in warmer climates.

Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer works great on tomatoes and peppers to reduce blossom end rot.
Calcium nitratealso helps to prevent tip burn in lettuce and rust spot in potatoes, both of which result from calcium deficiencies.
Adequate calcium levels help to reduce stem rot in broccoli plants, allowing for larger heads.
Calcium Nitrate is also a great product for growing brussels sprouts to ensure uniform sprouts along the stalk.

Our Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer is a water-soluble formulation that can be used with our EZ-FLO Injector in conjunction with a drip irrigation system.
Calcium nitratecan also be applied as a foliar spray, or by dissolving in a watering can and applying to the soil at the plant roots.
Calcium Nitrate may be applied in the granular state as well.
Side dress by applying fertilizer at least 2 inches away from the plant stem.
Cover fertilizer with soil for best results.

Synonyms:
10124-37-5
Calcium dinitrate
Lime nitrate
Nitric acid, calcium salt
Norwegian saltpeter
Lime saltpeter
Norge saltpeter
Calcium saltpeter
calcium;dinitrate
Calcium(II) nitrate (1:2)
UNII-NF52F38N1N
NF52F38N1N
Nitrocalcite
CHEBI:64205
Saltpeter
Synfat 1006
HSDB 967
EINECS 233-332-1
UN1454
calcium nitrate salt
Calcium Nitrate ACS
anhydrous calcium nitrate
CaN2O6
EC 233-332-1
DSSTox_CID_19719
DSSTox_RID_79435
Ca(NO3)2
DSSTox_GSID_39719
CHEMBL3183960
DTXSID1039719
BCP25810
Tox21_300814
MFCD00010899
AKOS015913857
Calcium nitrate, containing in the anhydrous state more than 16 per cent by weight of nitrogen
Calcium nitrate [UN1454] [Oxidizer]
NCGC00248379-01
NCGC00254718-01
S279
CAS-10124-37-5
Q407392
10124-37-5(anhydrous)13477-34-4(tetrahydrate)
Calcium standard for AAS, analytical standard, ready-to-use, traceable to BAM, in nitric acid

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 has the advantages of excellent neutralization power & high temperature detergency and rust preventive property.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a highly alkaline liquid with detergent properties.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is compatible with most mineral base oils, white oils, and synthetic base stocks.

CAS Number: 61789-86-4

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is not flammable, explosive, non-corrosive, in the safety, environmental protection, use and other aspects of the general petroleum products, without special protection.
The shelf life of Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is 2 years.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is packed with iron drums with 200kg, or other packing methods consulting with clients.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is suitable for container transport and truck transport.
The temperature of storage of Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 shall not exceed 45ºC.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is non-flammable, non-explosive, and non-corrosive, and it is same as petroleum products in terms of safety, environmental protection, use and other aspects, thus it needs no special protection.
Packed in 200 liters iron drum or according to user requirement. Transportation mode is by container or truck.

The maximum storage temperature shall of Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 not exceed 45℃.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is stored with a shelf life of 2 years, and it should avoid contact with strong antioxidant when use.
In case of accidental contact with skin, wash it off thoroughly with water and detergent.

Corrosion to the engine parts by acidic matters also can be prevented and Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400's service time can be prolonged.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a highly alkaline liquid with detergent properties.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is compatible with most mineral base oils, white oils, and synthetic base stocks.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is highly alkaline, so it neutralizes acidic material and combustion by-products, thus
increasing corrosion resistance and increasing oil life.
Available at market leading prices, our range is gained appreciation from the clients due to Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400's accurate composition, purity, longer shelf life.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 can be mainly used for blending high and medium grade lubricating oil used in internal combustion engines, marines Diesel generating set and the engines which use fuel with high sulphur content so that lacquer and carbon residue deposits accumulated in the combustion chamber of the engines are not only greatly reduced, but also the cleanliness of the pistons can be maintained.

Corrosion to the engine parts by acidic matters also can be prevented and Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400's service time can be prolonged.
Better compounding synergistic effect can be obtained with the addition of ash less dispersant, anti-oxidant and corrosion inhibitor.
The quantity of the product to be added into lubricating oil is from 1.5% to 3.0% in formulating engine oil and 5 to 10 % in formulating Marine engine oils.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 can be successfully incorporated in Rust Preventive oils formulation to combat acid fume environment as well as Salty atmosphere protections.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 has the advantages of excellent neutralization power & high temperature detergency and rust preventive property.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400:
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used additives for Paints & Coatings, Polymer Additives, Surfactans, Fuel & Lubricants Additives, Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used for blending of high quality engine oils and marine engine oil.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used main raw material of long chain alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, super overbased synthetic Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is produced by neutralization and super high alkalization reaction.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a highly alkaline detergent and corrosion inhibitor additive.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 has excellent high temperature detergency and thermal stability, also has outstanding alkaline storage property, good oil solubility and strong acid neutralization capability. Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 can immediately neutralize organic acid and inorganic acid in oil.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a preferred additive for blending overbased marine cylinder oil.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is widely used as a kind of Lubricant Additive Component, classified as TBN Booster Calcium Sulfonate , when formulated with Corrosion Inhibitor ZDDP, Ashless Dispersant, High Temperature Antioxidant, Antiwear EP Additive, Rust Preventative Anti-Rust Additive, Pour Point Depressant , Viscosity Index Improver , etc.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 can make different kinds of Additive Package.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 also can be used as Tbn Booster for various lubricant.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used Chemical Industry

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used with other additives to formulate supercharged diesel and gasoline engine oils.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 provides base for neutralizing corrosive acids and detergency for deposit control in engines operating under high temperature.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 can be mainly used for blending high and medium grade lubricating oil used in internal combustion engines, marines diesel generating sets, and engines that use fuel with high sulfur content so that lacquer and carbon residue deposits accumulated in the combustion chamber of the engines are not only greatly reduced, but also the cleanliness of the pistons can be maintained.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is typically used as a thickener, emulsifier and rust inhibitor in crankcase lubricants.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used in the manufacture of calcium sulfonate greases and engine oils that are ideal for use in high temperature, high pressure applications and for use in environments exposed to salt.

Applications of Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 include automotive, diesel, marine, metal working and railroad lubricants.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used lubricant Additives, Fuel Additives, Waste Oil And Crude Oil Additives, Engine and Industrial Oil
With long chain alkylbenzene sulfonic acid as a main raw material, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is produced by neutralization and super high alkalization reaction.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 has excellent alkaline storage property, good oil solubility and strong acid neutralization capability, and it can immediately neutralize organic acid and inorganic acid in oil; meanwhile it also has excellent high temperature detergency and thermal stability.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a preferred additive for blending overbased marine cylinder oil and to improve TBN value in engine oil.

-Detergency:
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used corrosion inhibitor in mill oils, shortÂterm rust preventatives, coatings and greases.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used dispersant and corrosion inhibitor in engine oil.

BETTER COMPOUND, CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400:
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400's synergistic effect can be obtained with the addition of ashless dispersant, anti-oxidant and corrosion inhibitor.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 can be successfully incorporated in Rust Preventive oils formulation to combat acid fume environment as well as Salty atmosphere protections.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400:
Appearance: Brown Liquid
Sp. Gravity @ 15.6°c: ASTM D 1298: 1.10 1.20 1.18
Colour, Dilute ASTM D 1500
4.0 4.0
Water Content, % Wt. 95: 0.15 0.09
Viscosity @ 100°c, Cst. 445: 80 100 97.5
Calcium Content, % Wt. 5185: 13.5 16.5 15.8
TBN 2896: 380 420 405
Flash Point,°c (pmcc): ASTM D 93 150 205
Appearance: Red brown transparent viscous liquid
Flash Point (COC), ºC 200
Kinematic Viscosity (100ºC), mm2/: 130
Density (20ºC), kg/m3: 1200
Total Base Number, mgKOH/g: 408
Ca Content, m%: 15.0
S Content, m%: 1.5
Water Content, m%: 0.03
Composition: Additives
Property: High and Low Temperature Lubricating
Shape: LiquidApplication: Marine
Appearance: Red Brown Transparent
Viscous Liquid
Appearance: Red brown transparent
viscous liquid: Visual Inspection
Flash Point (COC), ℃: 200
Kinematic Viscosity (100℃), mm2/s: 130
Density (20℃), kg/m3: 1200
Total Base Number, mgKOH/g: 408
Ca Content, m%: 15.0
S Content, m%: 1.5
Water Content, m%: 0.03

FIRST AID MEASURES of CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Calcium dipropionate; CALCIUM PROPIONATE; MAGGRAN(R) CPR; MAGNESIA 87264; PROPIONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT; PROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT; bioban-c; calciumpropanoate; Propanoicacid,calciumsalt; propionatedecalcium; CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE; CALCIUM PROPIONATE 95%; PROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM TYPE II; CalciumPropionateExtraPure; CalciumPropionate,>99%; CAPROSIL SALZ; CAPROSIL SALT G; propionic acid calcium salt hydrate; CALCIUMPROPIONATE,POWDER,FCC; propionic acid calcium CAS NO:4075-81-4

DESCRIPTION:
Calcium propanoate or calcium propionate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
Calcium propanoate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.

CAS Number: 4075-81-4
EC Number: 223-795-8
IUPAC Name: calcium;propanoate
Molecular Formula: C6H10O4Ca

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM PROPANOATE:

Chemical formula C6H10CaO4
Molar mass 186.2192 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline solid
Solubility in water 49 g/100 mL (0 °C)
55.8 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol
insoluble in acetone, benzene
Molecular Weight 186.22
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 186.0204996
Monoisotopic Mass 186.0204996
Topological Polar Surface Area 80.3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count 11
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 34.6
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 3
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Melting Point >300.0°C
Color White
pH 6.9 to 9.0 (10% soln.)
Loss on Drying 4% max. (105°C, 2 Hrs)
Infrared Spectrum Authentic
Assay Percent Range 98% min. (on dry substance) (Complexometry)
Packaging Plastic bottle
Linear Formula (CH3CH2COO)2Ca
Quantity 1 kg
Merck Index 15, 1700
Appearance Solid granular, White / Off – white
Specific Gravity 0.5 – 0.7 g/cm3
Water Insoluble 0.3 % Maximum
Shelf Life 3 years
Particle Size 90% = 0.3 – 0.8mm
Calcium Propionate 98% Minimum
Calcium (Ca) 20%
Propionate 77%
Moisture 4% Maximum
pH (10% Water Solution) 6.0 – 9.0
Fluoride (F) 20 ppm Maximum
Iron (Fe) 50 ppm Maximum
Arsenic (As) 3 ppm Maximum
Lead (Pb) 5 ppm Maximum
Mercury (Hg) 1 ppm Maximum

Calcium propionate, also commonly known as calcium propanoate, is a white powder that has a faint smell.
Calcium Propionate is stable at room temperature.
Calcium Propionate is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Calcium Propionate has a melting point of 300°C and a pH value of 7 to 9.
Calcium Propionate is slightly soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in water.

Calcium Propionate as the newer food antifungal agent, is the calcium salt of propanoic acid which is a antifungal agent.
Calcium Propionate appears as white crystalline or powder, odorless or having slight specific odor of propionic acid, stable under light and heat , hygroscopic, soluble in water while aqueous solution is alkaline, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, not soluble in benzene and acetone.

Calcium Propionate is deliquescent in moist air and loses crystal water when heated to 120°C .It changes phase at 200~210°C and decomposes to calcium carbonate at 330~340°C .
Under acidic conditions, it generates free propanoic acid which is weaker than sorbic acid while stronger than acetic acid, and has an antibacterial effect on Aspergillus niger and gas bacillus rather than yeast .
Calcium Propionate is a normal intermediate product of animal metabolism and is safe eaten by animals.

Calcium Propionate has a broad antibacterial activity to mold bacteria and yeast bacteria, inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms, preventing feed molding, which can be used as a fungicide on food and feed and a preservative for bread and pastries.
As a feed additive , Calcium Propionate can effectively prevent feed molding and prolong shelf life of feed .
If combined with other inorganic complexes, Calcium Propionate can also improve the appetite of livestock, increase milk production in cows, and its dosage is less than 0.3% of the combined feed (use propionic acid to count).

PREPARATION OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE:
Calcium propionate is produced by reacting calcium hydroxide with propionic acid.

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Calcium propionate suppresses mold and bacteria growth on bread and cakes, but does not inhibit yeast.
However, its addition to bread does not interfere with the fermentation of yeast.

Calcium ion affects the chemical leaving action, therefore is not usually utilized in cake.
Since it can enrich bread and rolls, it is normally used in their production.

USES OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE:
In Food:
During dough preparation, calcium propionate is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey.
Calcium propionate is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold.
Calcium propionate can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread.

Calcium propionate can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits.
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to calcium propionate is sodium propionate.

In Beverage:
Calcium propionate is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages.

In Pharmaceuticals:
Calcium propionate powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.
Calcium propionate is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections. Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using calcium propionate to inhibit mold growth on the product.

In Agriculture:
Calcium propionate is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows.
Calcium propionate can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food.
Calcium propionate is also used as a pesticide.

In Cosmetics :
Calcium propionate E282 inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Calcium propionate is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.

Industrial Uses:
Calcium propionate is used in paint and coating additives.
Calcium propionate is also used as plating and surface treating agents.

In Photography :
Calcium propionate is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies.

Food preservative:
Calcium Propionate is an acid-type food preservative, with its inhibitory effected by the environmental pH .
When PH5.0 minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.01%, PH6.5 is 0.5%.
In the acidic medium , Calcium Propionate has a strong inhibitory effect on the various types of fungi, aerobic bacillus or gram-negative bacilli .

Calcium Propionate has a specific effect on preventing the production of Aflatoxin streptozotocin, but has little effect on the yeast.
In the food industry, it is mainly used in vinegar, soy sauce, bread, cakes and soy products,whose maximum usage (use propionic acid to count, the same below)is 2.5g/kg; while the largest usage in the wet dough products is 0.25g/kg .
Also , Calcium Propionate can be used for feed antifungal agent.
Calcium Propionate is used for breads, pastries and cheese preservatives and feed fungicide.

Calcium Propionate as a food preservative, calcium propionate is mainly used for bread, because sodium propionate keeps pH of bread rising, delays the fermentation of the dough; sodium propionate is more widely used for cake, because the pastry gets bulky by using leavening agent, there is no problem about yeast development caused by tincrease in the pH .
As a feed preservative, sodium propionate is better than calcium propionate.

But Calcium Propionate is more stable than sodium propionate. In food industry , except uses for bread, pastries, cheese, Calcium Propionate can also be used for preventing soy sauce from getting moldy which inhibits the refermentation .
In medicine, Calcium Propionate can be made into powders, solutions and ointments to treat skin disease caused by parasitic fungi.
Ointment (liquid) contains 12.3% sodium propionate, while a powder contains 15% Calcium Propionate.

FUNCTION OF CALCIUM PROPANOATE:
Calcium propionate is commonly used as a preservative in yeast-raised baked products such as pre-packed and sliced bread, and in some chemically-leavened goods like tortillas.
Calcium propionate is added during the dough phase and its optimal use level is mainly dependent on the formula and the desired shelf life of the finished product.

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF CALCIUM PROPANOATE:
Calcium propionate is formed by neutralizing chemically-synthesized propionic acid with calcium hydroxide.
Although it has been a preservative of choice in bakery for decades, in recent years it has been increasingly challenged as non-clean label by many consumers and leading retailers,6,7 resulting in a push to reduce or altogether eliminate it from formulations.

USES OF CALCIUM PROPANOATE:
As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.

Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do.
However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.
Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4% (though animal feed may contain up to 1%).
Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.

A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem, but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.
Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.

Metabolism of propionate begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.
Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA cannot directly enter the beta oxidation or the citric acid cycles.
In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA.
A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.

Children were challenged with calcium propionate or placebo through daily bread in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial.
Although there was no significant difference by two measures, a statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of children whose behaviours "worsened" with challenge (52%), compared to the proportion whose behaviour "improved" with challenge (19%).
When propanoic acid was infused directly into rodents' brains, it produced reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) partially mimicking human autism.

Calcium propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.
In a 1973 study reported by the EPA, the waterborne administration of 180 ppm of calcium propionate was found to be slightly toxic to bluegill sunfish.

In a recent well-designed translational study, human subjects fed 500 mg of calcium propionate twice daily demonstrated a modest decrease in LDL and total cholesterol, without a change in HDL.
The study, only eight weeks in length, requires additional studies of both verification and longer duration to demonstrate the clinical value of this chemical.
The study identified a novel regulatory circuit that links the gut microbiota metabolite propionic acid (PA), a short-chain fatty acid, with the gut immune system to control intestinal cholesterol homeostasis

APPLICATIONS OF CALCIUM PROPANOATE:
Here are some factors that bakers and formulators must consider when using this ingredient:

Calcium propionate is most active in the pH range below 5.5.
Therefore, it is common to use acids to adjust the pH to optimize the activity.
Moreover, salts of benzoic or sorbic acid are recommended for use in products with higher pH levels, such as in many chemically leavened sweet baked goods.
In tortillas, calcium propionate and potassium sorbate are commonly used together, to achieve a broad spectrum of mold inhibition while maintaining product quality.

Calcium propionate is the ideal preservative for bread and rolls because it has little effect on yeast and does not interfere with its fermentation.
In some applications such as cakes, however, it may not be a good preservative option, as the high use level and its available calcium interfere with the chemical leavening.
In contrast, sodium propionate will delay fermentation of yeast and is not recommended for use in breads or rolls, but it is preferred for the preservation of cakes.

Calcium propionate is effective at inhibiting growth of mold and ropy bacteria when its dose relative to the number of microbial cells present is adequate to block cell metabolism.
If the baked good is produced in an environment without effective current good manufacturing practices (cGMP), the dose may not be effective in inhibiting microbial growth.

Characteristics of calcium propionate include:

Chemical formula: C6H10O4 Ca
Molecular Weight: 186.22
Works best at pH below 5.5
Recommended usage level in bakery: 0.1-0.3% flour weight, but higher levels not uncommon
Nutrition: 21 grams of calcium are present in 100 grams of calcium propionate5

Calcium propionate is the calcium salt of propionic acid.
Calcium propionate is a preservative commonly used in baked goods around the world, where it extends their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms, namely mold and ropy bacteria.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CALCIUM PROPANOATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE:

CALCIUM PROPIONATE
4075-81-4
Calcium dipropionate
Calcium propanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt
Mycoban
calcium;propanoate
Propionic acid, calcium salt
Propionic acid calcium salt
Propanoate (calcium)
propionic acid calcium
Calcium propionate [NF]
DTXSID1027556
8AI80040KW
calcium dipropanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
Bioban-C
Calcium propionate;Bioban-C; Calcium dipropionate
Caswell No. 151
CHEBI:81716
HSDB 907
EINECS 223-795-8
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077701
UNII-8AI80040KW
calciumpropionate
Calcium propinate
MFCD00036137
Ca-PROPIONATE
Calcium Propionate, FCC
EC 223-795-8
SCHEMBL52363
DTXCID607556
INS NO.282
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MI]
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [FCC]
CHEMBL3186661
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [HSDB]
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [INCI]
INS-282
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MART.]
AMY37013
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [WHO-DD]
Tox21_202432
CALCIUM PROPIONATE (E 282)
AKOS015903218
NCGC00259981-01
CAS-4075-81-4
E-282
FT-0623409
P0503
Q417394
Propionic acid calcium 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water

Calcium Propionate, also commonly known as calcium propanoate, is a white powder that has a faint smell.
The compound is stable at room temperature.
Calcium Propionate is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

CAS: 4075-81-4
MF: C3H8CaO2
MW: 116.17
EINECS: 223-795-8

Calcium Propionate has a melting point of 300°C and a pH value of 7 to 9.
Calcium Propionate is slightly soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in water.
Calcium Propionate as the newer food antifungal agent, is the calcium salt of propanoic acid which is a antifungal agent.
Calcium Propionate appears as white crystalline or powder, odorless or having slight specific odor of propionic acid, stable under light and heat , hygroscopic, soluble in water while aqueous solution is alkaline, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, not soluble in benzene and acetone.

Calcium Propionate is deliquescent in moist air and loses crystal water when heated to 120°C.
Calcium Propionate changes phase at 200~210°C and decomposes to calcium carbonate at 330~340°C.
Under acidic conditions, Calcium Propionate generates free propanoic acid which is weaker than sorbic acid while stronger than acetic acid, and has an antibacterial effect on Aspergillus niger and gas bacillus rather than yeast.
Calcium Propionate is a normal intermediate product of animal metabolism and is safe eaten by animals.

Calcium Propionate has a broad antibacterial activity to mold bacteria and yeast bacteria, inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms, preventing feed molding, which can be used as a fungicide on food and feed and a preservative for bread and pastries.
As a feed additive, Calcium Propionate can effectively prevent feed molding and prolong shelf life of feed.
If combined with other inorganic complexes, Calcium Propionate can also improve the appetite of livestock, increase milk production in cows, and its dosage is less than 0.3% of the combined feed (use propionic acid to count).

Calcium Propionate is an acid-type food preservative, with its inhibitory effected by the environmental pH .
When PH5.0 minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.01%, PH6.5 is 0.5%.
In the acidic medium ,Calcium Propionate has a strong inhibitory effect on the various types of fungi, aerobic bacillus or gram-negative bacilli.
Calcium Propionate has a specific effect on preventing the production of Aflatoxin streptozotocin, but has little effect on the yeast.
In the food industry, Calcium Propionate is mainly used in vinegar, soy sauce, bread, cakes and soy products,whose maximum usage (use propionic acid to count, the same below)is 2.5g/kg; while the largest usage in the wet dough products is 0.25g/kg.
Also ,Calcium Propionate can be used for feed antifungal agent.

Calcium Propionate is used for breads, pastries and cheese preservatives and feed fungicide.
Calcium Propionate as a food preservative, calcium propionate is mainly used for bread, because sodium propionate keeps pH of bread rising, delays the fermentation of the dough; sodium propionate is more widely used for cake, because the pastry gets bulky by using leavening agent, there is no problem about yeast development caused by tincrease in the pH.
As a feed preservative, sodium propionate is better than Calcium Propionate.
But Calcium Propionate is more stable than sodium propionate.
In food industry , except uses for bread, pastries, cheese, Calcium Propionate can also be used for preventing soy sauce from getting moldy which inhibits the refermentation.
In medicine, Calcium Propionate can be made into powders, solutions and ointments to treat skin disease caused by parasitic fungi.
Ointment (liquid) contains 12.3% sodium propionate, while a powder contains15% Calcium Propionate.

Calcium Propionate or calcium propionate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
Calcium Propionate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.
Calcium Propionate is a preservative commonly used in baked goods around the world, where Calcium Propionate extends their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms, namely mold and ropy bacteria.
Calcium Propionate is generally used as a food preservative in bread.
Calcium Propionate has also been reported to reduce milk fever in dairy cows.
Calcium propionate is the most effective below pH 5.5.
Below this pH, the active component, propionic acid, is undissociated and becomes active.
The dough pH needs to be below 5.5 and well controlled to effectively control mold.
Calcium Propionate is the calcium salt of propionic acid.
Calcium Propionate is a preservative commonly used in baked goods around the world, where it extends their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms, namely mold and ropy bacteria.

Calcium Propionate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 300 °C
Density: 1.41[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0-399Pa at 20-23℃
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: water: soluble1g/10 mL, clear, colorless
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Color: White
PH: 9.2 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)(IUCLID)
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland mild propionic acid
Water Solubility: 1 g/10 mL
Merck: 14,1698
BRN: 3698682
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 0.33 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 4075-81-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Calcium Propionate (4075-81-4)

Calcium Propionate is a white powder(s) or monoclinic crystal(s), crystallizes as the monohydrate in monoclinic plates and as the trihydrate.
The anhydrous salt dissolves up to 41.7 wt % in water and is insoluble in ethanol.
The aqueous solutions can cause inflammation.
Calcium Propionate is used to mold-retardant additive for bread, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, antifungal agent.

Mechanism of Action
Calcium Propionate suppresses mold and bacteria growth on bread and cakes, but does not inhibit yeast.
However, Calcium Propionate's addition to bread does not interfere with the fermentation of yeast.
Calcium ion affects the chemical leaving action, therefore is not usually utilized in cake.
Since Calcium Propionate can enrich bread and rolls, Calcium Propionate is normally used in their production.

Uses
Calcium Propionate is the salt of propionic acid which functions as a preservative.
Calcium Propionate is the most widely used antimycotic in breadmaking.
Calcium Propionate is effective against mold, has limited activity against bacteria, and no activity against yeast.
Calcium Propionate is soluble in water with a solubility of 49 g/100 ml of water at 0°c and insoluble in alcohol.
Calcium Propionate is less soluble than sodium propionate.
Calcium Propionate's optimum effectiveness is up to ph 5.0 and it has reduced action above ph 6.0.
Calcium Propionate is often utilized at about 0.2%, flour basis; higher concentrations lead to flavor problems and begin to inhibit yeast fermentation.
Calcium Propionate is used in bakery products, breads, and pizza crust to protect against mold and “rope.”
Calcium Propionate is also used in cold-pack cheese food and pie fillings.
Typical usage level is 0.2–0.3% and 0.1–0.4% based on flour weight.

As a food additive, Calcium Propionate is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium Propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
In agriculture, Calcium Propionate is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement Propanoates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do.
However, unlike benzoates, propanoates do not require an acidic environment.
Calcium Propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1- 0.4 % (though animal feed may contain up to 1 % ).

When propanoic acid is infused directly into rodents' brains, Calcium Propionate produces reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration ) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a model of human autism in rats.
According to the Pesticide Action Network North America, Calcium Propionate is slightly toxic.
This rating is not uncommon for food products; vitamin C is also rated by the same standards as being slightly toxic.
Calcium Propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.

As a food additive, Calcium Propionate is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium Propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
In agriculture, Calcium Propionate is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.
Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.

Calcium Propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4% (though animal feed may contain up to 1%).
Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.

A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem, but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.
Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.

Metabolism of propionate begins with Calcium Propionate's conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.
Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA cannot directly enter the beta oxidation or the citric acid cycles.
In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA.
A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.

Children were challenged with Calcium Propionate or placebo through daily bread in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial.
Although there was no significant difference by two measures, a statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of children whose behaviours "worsened" with challenge (52%), compared to the proportion whose behaviour "improved" with challenge (19%).
When propanoic acid was infused directly into rodents' brains, Calcium Propionate produced reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) partially mimicking human autism.

Calcium Propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.
In a 1973 study reported by the EPA, the waterborne administration of 180 ppm of Calcium Propionate was found to be slightly toxic to bluegill sunfish.
In a recent well-designed translational study, human subjects fed 500 mg of calcium propionate twice daily demonstrated a modest decrease in LDL and total cholesterol, without a change in HDL.
The study, only eight weeks in length, requires additional studies of both verification and longer duration to demonstrate the clinical value of this chemical.
The study identified a novel regulatory circuit that links the gut microbiota metabolite propionic acid (PA), a short-chain fatty acid, with the gut immune system to control intestinal cholesterol homeostasis .

In Food
During dough preparation, Calcium Propionate is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey.
Calcium Propionate is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold.
Calcium propionate can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread.
Calcium propionate can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits.
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to calcium propionate is sodium propionate.

In Beverage
Calcium Propionate is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages.

In Pharmaceuticals
Calcium propionate powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.
Calcium Propionate is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections.
Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using calcium propionate to inhibit mold growth on the product.

In Agriculture
Calcium propionate is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows.
Calcium Propionate can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food.
Calcium Propionate is also used as a pesticide.

In Cosmetics
Calcium Propionate E282 inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Calcium Propionate is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.

Industrial Uses
Calcium propionate is used in paint and coating additives.
Calcium Propionate is also used as plating and surface treating agents.

In Photography
Calcium propionate is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies.

Preparation
The industrial production of Calcium propionate and sodium propionate is carried out by the neutralization of propionic acid with the corresponding hydroxides and subsequent spraydrying of the concentrated aqueous solutions.

Preparation Method
Firstly, the raw calcium carbonate is made into a water suspension, and the water used shall be refined and purified to remove impurities such as heavy metal magnesium.
CaCO3 water suspension is quantitatively put into the neutralization reaction kettle, the temperature in the kettle is maintained at 60~80 ℃, propionic acid is added while stirring, and the neutralization reaction lasts for 2~3 hours.
At this time, a large amount of CO2 gas escapes and can be discharged through the vent tube of the condenser.
By adjusting the external heating temperature, adding acid and stirring speed to make the reaction reach the best conditions, the pH value of the reaction end point should be controlled at 7~8.

This reaction is a reversible reaction, and CO2 gas should be discharged in time to better control the reaction end point.
The neutralized aqueous solution is filtered through vacuum, the obtained filtrate is concentrated in an evaporation kettle, and then placed in a crystallization tank to slowly cool and crystallize at normal temperature and pressure.
The mother liquor can be returned to the evaporation kettle for 2~3 times and then discarded.
The separated solid is dried into small particles and crushed, measured and packaged to obtain the finished product of calcium propionate.

Synonyms
CALCIUM PROPIONATE
4075-81-4
Calcium dipropionate
Calcium propanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt
Mycoban
Bioban-C
calcium;propanoate
Propionic acid, calcium salt
Caswell No. 151
HSDB 907
Propanoate (calcium)
propionic acid calcium
Calcium propionate [NF]
EINECS 223-795-8
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077701
Propionic acid calcium salt
UNII-8AI80040KW
DTXSID1027556
8AI80040KW
calcium dipropanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
EC 223-795-8
Calcium propionate;Bioban-C; Calcium dipropionate
CHEBI:81716
calciumpropionate
Calcium propinate
Ca-PROPIONATE
Calcium Propionate, FCC
SCHEMBL52363
2C3H5O2.Ca
DTXCID607556
INS NO.282
C3H6O2.1/2Ca
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MI]
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [FCC]
CHEMBL3186661
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [HSDB]
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [INCI]
INS-282
BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
C3-H6-O2.1/2Ca
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MART.]
AMY37013
CALCIUM PROPIONATE [WHO-DD]
Propionic acid calcium salt (2:1)
Tox21_202432
CALCIUM PROPIONATE (E 282)
AKOS015903218
LS-2409
NCGC00259981-01
CAS-4075-81-4
E-282
FT-0623409
P0503
Q417394
Propionic acid calcium 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water

CAS Number: 4075-81-4
EC Number: 223-795-8
IUPAC name: Calcium dipropanoate
Chemical formula: C6H10CaO4
Molar mass: 186.2192 g

Calcium propionate or calcium propanoate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
Calcium propionate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.

Uses
As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.
Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.

Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4% (though animal feed may contain up to 1%).
Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.

A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem, but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.
Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.

Metabolism of propionate begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.
Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA can directly enter neither beta oxidation nor the citric acid cycles.

In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA.
A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.

Children were challenged with calcium propionate or placebo through daily bread in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial.
Although there was no significant difference by two measures, a statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of children whose behaviours "worsened" with challenge (52%), compared to the proportion whose behaviour "improved" with challenge (19%).

When propanoic acid was infused directly into rodents' brains, it produced reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) partially mimicking human autism.

Calcium propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.

In a 1973 study reported by the EPA, the waterborne administration of 180 ppm of calcium propionate was found to be slightly toxic to bluegill sunfish.

In a recent well-designed translational study, human subjects fed 500 mg of calcium propionate twice daily demonstrated a modest decrease in LDL and total cholesterol, without a change in HDL.
The study, only eight weeks in length, requires additional studies of both verification and longer duration to demonstrate the clinical value of this chemical.

The study identified a novel regulatory circuit that links the gut microbiota metabolite propionic acid (PA), a short-chain fatty acid, with the gut immune system to control intestinal cholesterol homeostasis.

Appearance: White crystalline solid
Solubility in water: 49 g/100 mL (0 °C) - 55.8 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol - insoluble in acetone, benzene
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 186.0204996
Monoisotopic Mass: 186.0204996
Topological Polar Surface Area: 80.3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 34.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

About Calcium propionate
Calcium propionateis registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.

Calcium propionateis used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of Calcium propionate
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products and inks and toners.
Other release to the environment of Calcium propionateis likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Article service life of Calcium propionate
Release to the environment of Calcium propionatecan occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.

Other release to the environment of Calcium propionateis likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Calcium propionatecan be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses of Calcium propionate by professional workers
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, fertilisers and non-metal-surface treatment products.

Calcium propionateis used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Calcium propionateis used for the manufacture of: plastic products.

Other release to the environment of Calcium propionateis likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Formulation or re-packing of Calcium propionate
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, fertilisers and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of Calcium propionatecan occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses Calcium propionate at industrial sites
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners and non-metal-surface treatment products.
Calcium propionateis used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction.

Calcium propionateis used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Release to the environment of Calcium propionatecan occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and in the production of articles.

Calcium propionate is a naturally occurring organic salt formed by a reaction between calcium hydroxide and propionic acid.

Calcium propionate is commonly used as a food additive — known as E282 — to help preserve various food products, including:

Baked goods: breads, pastries, muffins, etc.
Dairy products: cheeses, powdered milk, whey, yogurt, etc.
Beverages: soft drinks, fruit drinks, etc.
Alcoholic drinks: beers, malt beverages, wine, cider, etc.
Processed meats: hot dogs, ham, lunch meats, etc.

Calcium propionate extends the shelf life of various goods by interfering with the growth and
reproduction of molds and other microorganisms.

Mold and bacterial growth are a costly issue in the baking industry, as baking provides conditions that are close to ideal for mold growth.

Calcium propionate has been approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), World Health Organization (WHO), and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

HISTORY
As early as 1906, calcium propionate was discovered to be effective against ropy bacteria in bread.
Both propionic acid and its calcium salt derivative have been well established as antimicrobials.
Since the 1930s, propionates have been used to preserve bread in the U.S.

PRODUCTION
Calcium propionate serves to mitigate a costly issue in the baking industry: mold and bacterial growth.
As a food additive, Calcium propionate is used to extend the shelf life of various goods in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

APPLICATIONS
In bakery products, calcium propionate can be used:

for mold control, especially for yeast-leavened product
for consistent protection against mold, with minimal organoleptic impact

Calcium propionate or calcium propanoate, the calcium salt of propionic acid, is a common bread and meat preservative which functions by inhibiting the growth of mold & other bacterial and therefore prolong food shelf life.
Calcium propionate also provides nutritional value as a source of calcium.
The European food additive number for it is E282.

Calcium propionate is a new type of food preservative developed in recent decades with its considered safety over sodium benzoate (E211), and price lower than potassium sorbate (E202).
Calcium propionate is made from the reaction of propionic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.

Calcium propionate (C6H10CaO4, CAS Reg. No. 4075-81-4) is the calcium salt of propionic acid.
Calcium propionate occurs as white crystals or a crystalline solid, possessing not more than a faint odor of propionic acid.
Calcium propionate is prepared by neutralizing propionic acid with calcium hydroxide.

Description
Calcium propionate, also known as calcium salt and propanoic acid is a white powder that has a faint smell. The compound is stable at room temperature. Calcium propionate is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Calcium propionate has a melting point of 300°C and a pH value of 7 to 9.

Calcium propionate is slightly soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in water.
Calcium Propionate as the newer food antifungal agent, is the calcium salt of propanoic acid which is a antifungal agent.

Calcium propionate appears as white crystalline or powder, odorless or having slight specific odor of propionic acid, stable under light and heat , hygroscopic, soluble in water while aqueous solution is alkaline, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, not soluble in benzene and acetone.
Calcium propionate is deliquescent in moist air and loses crystal water when heated to 120 °C.

Calcium propionate changes phase at 200~210°C and decomposes to calcium carbonate at 330~340 °C.
Under acidic conditions, it generates free propanoic acid which is weaker than sorbic acid while stronger than acetic acid, and has an antibacterial effect on Aspergillus niger and gas bacillus rather than yeast.

Calcium Propionate is a normal intermediate product of animal metabolism and is safe eaten by animals.
Calcium Propionate has a broad antibacterial activity to mold bacteria and yeast bacteria, inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms, preventing feed molding, which can be used as a fungicide on food and feed and a preservative for bread and pastries.

As a feed additive ,it can effectively prevent feed molding and prolong shelf life of feed.
If combined with other inorganic complexes, it can also improve the appetite of livestock, increase milk production in cows, and its dosage is less than 0.3% of the combined feed (use propionic acid to count).

Food preservative
Calcium Propionate is an acid-type food preservative, with its inhibitory effected by the environmental pH.
When PH5.0 minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.01%, PH6.5 is 0.5%.
In the acidic medium ,it has a strong inhibitory effect on the various types of fungi, aerobic bacillus or gram-negative bacilli.

Calcium Propionate has a specific effect on preventing the production of Aflatoxin streptozotocin, but has little effect on the yeast.
In the food industry, it is mainly used in vinegar, soy sauce, bread, cakes and soy products,whose maximum usage (use propionic acid to count, the same below)is 2.5g/kg; while the largest usage in the wet dough products is 0.25g/kg.
Also ,it can be used for feed antifungal agent.
Calcium propionate is used for breads, pastries and cheese preservatives and feed fungicide.

Calcium Propionate as a food preservative, calcium propionate is mainly used for bread, because sodium propionate keeps pH of bread rising, delays the fermentation of the dough; sodium propionate is more widely used for cake, because the pastry gets bulky by using leavening agent, there is no problem about yeast development caused by tincrease in the pH.
As a feed preservative, sodium propionate is better than calcium propionate.

But Calcium Propionate is more stable than sodium propionate.
In food industry , except uses for bread, pastries, cheese, Calcium Propionate can also be used for preventing soy sauce from getting moldy which inhibits the refermentation.

In medicine, Calcium Propionate can be made into powders, solutions and ointments to treat skin disease caused by parasitic fungi.
Ointment (liquid) contains 12.3% sodium propionate, while a powder contains15% Calcium Propionate.

Preparation
Calcium propionate is produced by reacting calcium hydroxide with propionic acid.

Mechanism of Action
Calcium propionate suppresses mold and bacteria growth on bread and cakes, but does not inhibit yeast. However, its addition to bread does not interfere with the fermentation of yeast.

Calcium ion affects the chemical leaving action, therefore is not usually utilized in cake.
Since it can enrich bread and rolls, it is normally used in their production.

Uses of Calcium propionate
As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propanoate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement Propanoates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propanoates do not require an acidic environment.

Calcium propanoate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1- 0.4 % (though animal feed may contain up to 1 % ).
When propanoic acid is infused directly into rodents' brains, it produces reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration ) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a model of human autism in rats.

According to the Pesticide Action Network North America, calcium propionate is slightly toxic.
This rating is not uncommon for food products; vitamin C is also rated by the same standards as being slightly toxic.
Calcium propanoate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.

Calcium Propionate is the salt of propionic acid which functions as a preservative. it is effective against mold, has limited activity against bacteria, and no activity against yeast.
Calcium propionate is soluble in water with a solubility of 49 g/100 ml of water at 0°c and insoluble in alcohol. it is less soluble than sodium propionate.

Calcium propionate is optimum effectiveness is up to ph 5.0 and it has reduced action above ph 6.0. it is used in bakery products, breads, and pizza crust to protect against mold and “rope.” it is also used in cold-pack cheese food and pie fillings. typical usage level is 0.2–0.3% and 0.1–0.4% based on flour weight.

Uses in Food
During dough preparation, calcium propionate is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey.
Calcium propionate is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold. Calcium propionate can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread.
Calcium propionate can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits.
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to calcium propionate is sodium propionate.

Uses in Beverage
Calcium propionate is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages.

Uses in Pharmaceuticals
Calcium propionate powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.it is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections. Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using calcium propionate to inhibit mold growth on the product.

Uses in Agriculture
Calcium propionate is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows.
The compound can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food.
Calcium propionate is also used as a pesticide.

Uses in Cosmetics
Calcium propionate E282 inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage. The material is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.

Industrial Uses
Calcium propionate is used in paint and coating additives. Calcium propionate is also used as plating and surface treating agents.

Uses in Photography
Calcium propionate is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies.

Synonyms:
4075-81-4
Calcium dipropionate
Calcium propanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt
Mycoban
calcium;propanoate
UNII-8AI80040KW
Propanoate (calcium)
propionic acid calcium
Propionic acid calcium salt
Calcium propionate [NF]
8AI80040KW
calcium dipropanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
Bioban-C
Calcium propionate;Bioban-C; Calcium dipropionate
Caswell No. 151
CHEBI:81716
Propionic acid, calcium salt
HSDB 907
EINECS 223-795-8
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077701
Calcium propinate
Calcium Propionate, FCC
DSSTox_CID_7556
EC 223-795-8
C6H10CaO4
DSSTox_RID_78503
DSSTox_GSID_27556
SCHEMBL52363
CHEMBL3186661
DTXSID1027556
AMY37013
Tox21_202432
AKOS015903218
NCGC00259981-01
M140
CAS-4075-81-4
FT-0623409
P0503
Q417394
Propionic acid calcium 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water

Calcium propionate, also commonly known as calcium propanoate, is a white powder that has a faint smell.
Calcium propionate is stable at room temperature.
Calcium propionate is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

CAS: 4075-81-4
MF: C3H8CaO2
MW: 116.17
EINECS: 223-795-8

Synonyms
bioban-c;calciumpropanoate;CALCIUM PROPIONATECALCIUM PROPIONATECALCIUM PROPIONATECALCIUM PROPIONATE;Propanoicacid,calciumsalt;propionatedecalcium;PROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT;PROPIONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT;CALCIUM PROPIONATE;CALCIUM PROPIONATE;4075-81-4;Calcium dipropionate;Calcium propanoate;Propanoic acid, calcium salt;Mycoban;calcium;propanoate;Propionic acid, calcium salt;Propanoate (calcium);Propionic acid calcium salt;propionic acid calcium;Calcium propionate [NF];DTXSID1027556;8AI80040KW;calcium dipropanoate;Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1);Bioban-C
;Calcium propionate;Bioban-C; Calcium dipropionate;Caswell No. 151;CHEBI:81716;HSDB 907;EINECS 223-795-8;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077701;UNII-8AI80040KW;calciumpropionate;Ca-PROPIONATE
;EC 223-795-8;SCHEMBL52363;DTXCID607556;INS NO.282;CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MI];CALCIUM PROPIONATE [FCC];CHEMBL3186661;CALCIUM PROPIONATE [HSDB];CALCIUM PROPIONATE [INCI];INS-282;CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MART.];AMY37013;CALCIUM PROPIONATE [WHO-DD];Tox21_202432;CALCIUM PROPIONATE (E 282);AKOS015903218;NCGC00259981-01;CAS-4075-81-4;E-282;NS00082990;P0503;Q417394;Propionic acid calcium 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water

Calcium propionate has a melting point of 300°C and a pH value of 7 to 9.
Calcium propionate is slightly soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in water.
Calcium Propionate as the newer food antifungal agent, is the calcium salt of propanoic acid which is a antifungal agent.
Calcium propionate appears as white crystalline or powder, odorless or having slight specific odor of propionic acid, stable under light and heat , hygroscopic, soluble in water while aqueous solution is alkaline, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, not soluble in benzene and acetone.
Calcium propionate is deliquescent in moist air and loses crystal water when heated to 120°C.
Calcium propionate changes phase at 200~210°C and decomposes to calcium carbonate at 330~340°C.
Under acidic conditions, Calcium propionate generates free propanoic acid which is weaker than sorbic acid while stronger than acetic acid, and has an antibacterial effect on Aspergillus niger and gas bacillus rather than yeast.

Calcium Propionate is a normal intermediate product of animal metabolism and is safe eaten by animals.
Calcium propionate has a broad antibacterial activity to mold bacteria and yeast bacteria, inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms, preventing feed molding, which can be used as a fungicide on food and feed and a preservative for bread and pastries.
As a feed additive ,Calcium propionate can effectively prevent feed molding and prolong shelf life of feed.
If combined with other inorganic complexes, Calcium propionate can also improve the appetite of livestock, increase milk production in cows, and its dosage is less than 0.3% of the combined feed (use propionic acid to count).
Calcium propanoate or calcium propionate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
Calcium propionate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.
Calcium propionate is a preservative commonly used in baked goods around the world, where it extends their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms, namely mold and ropy bacteria.

Calcium propionate is generally used as a food preservative in bread.
Calcium propionate has also been reported to reduce milk fever in dairy cows.
Calcium propionate is the most effective below pH 5.5.
Below this pH, the active component, propionic acid, is undissociated and becomes active.
The dough pH needs to be below 5.5 and well controlled to effectively control mold.
Calcium propanoate or calcium propionate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
Calcium propionate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.

Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in bread and other baked goods, and it may be combined with propionic acid and sodium propionate.
Calcium propionate helps keep baked goods fresh by preventing mold and bacterial growth that would otherwise cause them to go bad.
Calcium propionate also occurs naturally in butter and some types of cheese.
Calcium propionate or calcium propanoate, the calcium salt of propionic acid, is a common bread and meat preservative which functions by inhibiting the growth of mold & other bacterial and therefore prolong food shelf life.
Calcium propionate also provides nutritional value as a source of calcium.
The European food additive number for it is E282.

Calcium Propionate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 300 °C
Density: 1.41[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0-399Pa at 20-23℃
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility water: soluble1g/10 mL, clear, colorless
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Color: White
PH: 9.2 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)(IUCLID)
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland mild propionic acid
Water Solubility: 1 g/10 mL
Merck: 14,1698
BRN: 3698682
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 0.33 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 4075-81-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Calcium propionate (4075-81-4)

Calcium propionate is a white powder(s) or monoclinic crystal(s), crystallizes as the monohydrate in monoclinic plates and as the trihydrate.
The anhydrous salt dissolves up to 41.7 wt % in water and is insoluble in ethanol.
The aqueous solutions can cause inflammation.
Calcium propionate is used to mold-retardant additive for bread, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, antifungal agent.

Food preservative
Calcium Propionate is an acid-type food preservative, with its inhibitory effected by the environmental pH.
When PH5.0 minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.01%, PH6.5 is 0.5%.
In the acidic medium ,Calcium propionate has a strong inhibitory effect on the various types of fungi, aerobic bacillus or gram-negative bacilli.
Calcium propionate has a specific effect on preventing the production of Aflatoxin streptozotocin, but has little effect on the yeast.
In the food industry, Calcium propionate is mainly used in vinegar, soy sauce, bread, cakes and soy products,whose maximum usage (use propionic acid to count, the same below)is 2.5g/kg; while the largest usage in the wet dough products is 0.25g/kg.
Also ,Calcium propionate can be used for feed antifungal agent.

Calcium propionate is used for breads, pastries and cheese preservatives and feed fungicide.
Calcium Propionate as a food preservative, calcium propionate is mainly used for bread, because sodium propionate keeps pH of bread rising, delays the fermentation of the dough; sodium propionate is more widely used for cake, because the pastry gets bulky by using leavening agent, there is no problem about yeast development caused by tincrease in the pH.
As a feed preservative, sodium propionate is better than calcium propionate.
But Calcium Propionate is more stable than sodium propionate.
In food industry , except uses for bread, pastries, cheese, Calcium Propionate can also be used for preventing soy sauce from getting moldy which inhibits the refermentation.
In medicine, Calcium Propionate can be made into powders, solutions and ointments to treat skin disease caused by parasitic fungi.
Ointment (liquid) contains 12.3% sodium propionate, while a powder contains15% Calcium Propionate.

Uses
Calcium Propionate is the salt of propionic acid which functions as a preservative.
Calcium propionate is the most widely used antimycotic in breadmaking.
Calcium propionate is effective against mold, has limited activity against bacteria, and no activity against yeast.
Calcium propionate is soluble in water with a solubility of 49 g/100 ml of water at 0°c and insoluble in alcohol.
Calcium propionate is less soluble than sodium propionate.
Calcium propionate's optimum effectiveness is up to ph 5.0 and it has reduced action above ph 6.0.
Calcium propionate is often utilized at about 0.2%, flour basis; higher concentrations lead to flavor problems and begin to inhibit yeast fermentation.
Calcium propionate is used in bakery products, breads, and pizza crust to protect against mold and “rope.”
Calcium propionate is also used in cold-pack cheese food and pie fillings.
Calcium propionate typical usage level is 0.2–0.3% and 0.1–0.4% based on flour weight.

As a food additive, Calcium propionate is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propanoate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
In agriculture, Calcium propionate is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement Propanoates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do.
However, unlike benzoates, propanoates do not require an acidic environment.
Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1- 0.4 % (though animal feed may contain up to 1 % ).
When propanoic acid is infused directly into rodents' brains, Calcium propionate produces reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration ) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a model of human autism in rats.
According to the Pesticide Action Network North America, calcium propionate is slightly toxic.
This rating is not uncommon for food products; vitamin C is also rated by the same standards as being slightly toxic.
Calcium propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.

As a food additive, Calcium propionate is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
In agriculture, Calcium propionate is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.
Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do.
However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.

Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.10.4%(though animal feed may contain up to 1%).
Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.
A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem, but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.
Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.

Metabolism of propionate begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.
Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA cannot directly enter the beta oxidation or the citric acid cycles.
In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA.
A vitamin B12–dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.

In Food
During dough preparation, calcium propionate is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey.
Calcium propionate is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold. Calcium propionate can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread.
Calcium propionate can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits.
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to calcium propionate is sodium propionate.

In Beverage
Calcium propionate is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages.

In Pharmaceuticals
Calcium propionate powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.it is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections.
Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using calcium propionate to inhibit mold growth on the product.

In Agriculture
Calcium propionate is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows.
Calcium propionate can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food.
Calcium propionate is also used as a pesticide.

In Cosmetics
Calcium propionate E282 inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Calcium propionate is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.

Industrial Uses
Calcium propionate is used in paint and coating additives.
Calcium propionate is also used as plating and surface treating agents.

In Photography
Calcium propionate is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies.

Mechanism of Action
Calcium propionate suppresses mold and bacteria growth on bread and cakes, but does not inhibit yeast.
However, its addition to bread does not interfere with the fermentation of yeast.
Calcium ion affects the chemical leaving action, therefore is not usually utilized in cake.
Since Calcium propionate can enrich bread and rolls, it is normally used in their production.

Preparation
The industrial production of Calcium propionate and sodium propionate is carried out by the neutralization of propionic acid with the corresponding hydroxides and subsequent spraydrying of the concentrated aqueous solutions.

CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7790-76-3, Nom INCI : CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Dicalcium pyrophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-221-5 Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance., Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

Calcium propanoate or Calcium Propionate (E282) has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is a preservative commonly used in baked goods around the world, where it extends their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms, namely mold and ropy bacteria.

CAS: 4075-81-4
MF: C3H8CaO2
MW: 116.17
EINECS: 223-795-8

Synonyms
bioban-c;calciumpropanoate;CALCIUM PROPIONATECALCIUM PROPIONATECALCIUM PROPIONATECALCIUM PROPIONATE;Propanoicacid,calciumsalt;propionatedecalcium;PROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT;PROPIONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT;CALCIUM PROPIONATE;CALCIUM PROPIONATE;4075-81-4;Calcium dipropionate;Calcium propanoate;Propanoic acid, calcium salt;Mycoban;calcium;propanoate;Propionic acid, calcium salt;Propanoate (calcium);Propionic acid calcium salt;propionic acid calcium;Calcium propionate [NF];DTXSID1027556;8AI80040KW;calcium dipropanoate;Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1);Bioban-C;Calcium propionate;Bioban-C; Calcium dipropionate;Caswell No. 151;CHEBI:81716;HSDB 907;EINECS 223-795-8;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077701;UNII-8AI80040KW;calciumpropionate;Calcium propinate;Ca-PROPIONATE;EC 223-795-8;SCHEMBL52363;DTXCID607556;INS NO.282;CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MI];CALCIUM PROPIONATE[FCC];CHEMBL3186661;CALCIUM PROPIONATE [HSDB];CALCIUM PROPIONATE [INCI];INS-282;CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MART.];AMY37013;CALCIUM PROPIONATE [WHO-DD];Tox21_202432;CALCIUM PROPIONATE (E 282);AKOS015903218;NCGC00259981-01;CAS-4075-81-4;E-282;NS00082990;P0503;Q417394;Propionic acid calcium 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water

Calcium Propionate (E282), also commonly known as calcium propanoate, is a white powder that has a faint smell.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is stable at room temperature.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Calcium Propionate (E282) has a melting point of 300°C and a pH value of 7 to 9.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is slightly soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in water.
Calcium Propionate (E282) as the newer food antifungal agent, is the calcium salt of propanoic acid which is a antifungal agent.
Calcium Propionate (E282) appears as white crystalline or powder, odorless or having slight specific odor of propionic acid, stable under light and heat , hygroscopic, soluble in water while aqueous solution is alkaline, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, not soluble in benzene and acetone.

Calcium Propionate (E282) is deliquescent in moist air and loses crystal water when heated to 120°C.
Calcium Propionate (E282) changes phase at 200~210°C and decomposes to calcium carbonate at 330~340°C.
Under acidic conditions, Calcium Propionate (E282) generates free propanoic acid which is weaker than sorbic acid while stronger than acetic acid, and has an antibacterial effect on Aspergillus niger and gas bacillus rather than yeast.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is a normal intermediate product of animal metabolism and is safe eaten by animals.
Calcium Propionate (E282) has a broad antibacterial activity to mold bacteria and yeast bacteria, inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms, preventing feed molding, which can be used as a fungicide on food and feed and a preservative for bread and pastries.
As a feed additive ,Calcium Propionate (E282) can effectively prevent feed molding and prolong shelf life of feed.
If combined with other inorganic complexes, Calcium Propionate (E282) can also improve the appetite of livestock, increase milk production in cows, and its dosage is less than 0.3% of the combined feed (use propionic acid to count).

Calcium Propionate (E282) is produced by reacting calcium hydroxide with propionic acid.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is generally used as a food preservative in bread.
Calcium Propionate (E282) has also been reported to reduce milk fever in dairy cows.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is the most effective below pH 5.5.
Below this pH, the active component, propionic acid, is undissociated and becomes active.
The dough pH needs to be below 5.5 and well controlled to effectively control mold.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used as a preservative in bread and other baked goods, and it may be combined with propionic acid and sodium propionate.
Calcium Propionate (E282) helps keep baked goods fresh by preventing mold and bacterial growth that would otherwise cause them to go bad.

Calcium Propionate (E282) also occurs naturally in butter and some types of cheese.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is a calcium salt of propionic acid.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used as a preservative in food and feed products to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast and bacteria.
Calcium Propionate (E282) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against human pathogens and is effective against certain bacterial strains.
Calcium Propionate (E282) inhibits microbial activity by reacting with the surface of the microorganism or by reacting with a reactive site on the molecule that occurs in an infected organism.
This reaction may also inhibit enzyme activities in the microorganism, which can lead to cell death.
The analytical method for Calcium Propionate (E282) is based on nuclear DNA content measurements.

Calcium Propionate (E282) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 300 °C
Density: 1.41[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0-399Pa at 20-23℃
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility water: soluble1g/10 mL, clear, colorless
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Color: White
PH: 9.2 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)(IUCLID)
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland mild propionic acid
Water Solubility: 1 g/10 mL
Merck: 14,1698
BRN: 3698682
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 0.33 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 4075-81-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Calcium Propionate (E282) (4075-81-4)

Calcium Propionate (E282) is a white powder(s) or monoclinic crystal(s), crystallizes as the monohydrate in monoclinic plates and as the trihydrate.
The anhydrous salt dissolves up to 41.7 wt % in water and is insoluble in ethanol.
The aqueous solutions can cause inflammation.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used to mold-retardant additive for bread, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, antifungal agent.

Food preservative
Calcium Propionate (E282) is an acid-type food preservative, with its inhibitory effected by the environmental pH.
When PH5.0 minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.01%, PH6.5 is 0.5%.
In the acidic medium ,Calcium Propionate (E282) has a strong inhibitory effect on the various types of fungi, aerobic bacillus or gram-negative bacilli.
Calcium Propionate (E282) has a specific effect on preventing the production of Aflatoxin streptozotocin, but has little effect on the yeast.
In the food industry, Calcium Propionate (E282) is mainly used in vinegar, soy sauce, bread, cakes and soy products,whose maximum usage (use propionic acid to count, the same below)is 2.5g/kg; while the largest usage in the wet dough products is 0.25g/kg.
Also, Calcium Propionate (E282) can be used for feed antifungal agent.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used for breads, pastries and cheese preservatives and feed fungicide.

Calcium Propionate (E282) as a food preservative, calcium propionate is mainly used for bread, because sodium propionate keeps pH of bread rising, delays the fermentation of the dough; sodium propionate is more widely used for cake, because the pastry gets bulky by using leavening agent, there is no problem about yeast development caused by tincrease in the pH.
As a feed preservative, sodium propionate is better than calcium propionate.
But Calcium Propionate (E282) is more stable than sodium propionate.
In food industry , except uses for bread, pastries, cheese, Calcium Propionate (E282) can also be used for preventing soy sauce from getting moldy which inhibits the refermentation.
In medicine, Calcium Propionate (E282) can be made into powders, solutions and ointments to treat skin disease caused by parasitic fungi.
Ointment (liquid) contains 12.3% sodium propionate, while a powder contains15% Calcium Propionate (E282).

Mechanism of Action
Calcium Propionate (E282) suppresses mold and bacteria growth on bread and cakes, but does not inhibit yeast.
However, its addition to bread does not interfere with the fermentation of yeast.
Calcium ion affects the chemical leaving action, therefore is not usually utilized in cake.
Since it can enrich bread and rolls, Calcium Propionate (E282) is normally used in their production.

Uses
Calcium Propionate (E282) is the salt of propionic acid which functions as a preservative.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is the most widely used antimycotic in breadmaking.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is effective against mold, has limited activity against bacteria, and no activity against yeast.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is soluble in water with a solubility of 49 g/100 ml of water at 0°c and insoluble in alcohol.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is less soluble than sodium propionate.
Calcium Propionate (E282)'s optimum effectiveness is up to ph 5.0 and it has reduced action above ph 6.0.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is often utilized at about 0.2%, flour basis; higher concentrations lead to flavor problems and begin to inhibit yeast fermentation.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used in bakery products, breads, and pizza crust to protect against mold and “rope.”
Calcium Propionate (E282) is also used in cold-pack cheese food and pie fillings.
typical usage level is 0.2–0.3% and 0.1–0.4% based on flour weight.

As a food additive, Calcium Propionate (E282) is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
In agriculture, Calcium Propionate (E282) is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement Propanoates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do.
However, unlike benzoates, propanoates do not require an acidic environment.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1- 0.4 % (though animal feed may contain up to 1 % ) .
When propanoic acid is infused directly into rodents' brains, Calcium Propionate (E282) produces reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration ) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a model of human autism in rats.
According to the Pesticide Action Network North America, Calcium Propionate (E282) is slightly toxic.
This rating is not uncommon for food products; vitamin C is also rated by the same standards as being slightly toxic.
Calcium Propionate (E282) can be used as a fungicide on fruit.

In Food
During dough preparation, Calcium Propionate (E282) is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold.
Calcium Propionate (E282) can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread.
Calcium Propionate (E282) can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits.
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to Calcium Propionate (E282) is sodium propionate.

In Beverage
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages.

In Pharmaceuticals
Calcium Propionate (E282) powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections.
Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using Calcium Propionate (E282) to inhibit mold growth on the product.

In Agriculture
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows.
The compound can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is also used as a pesticide.

In Cosmetics
Calcium Propionate (E282) inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.

Industrial Uses
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used in paint and coating additives.
Calcium Propionate (E282) is also used as plating and surface treating agents.

In Photography
Calcium Propionate (E282) is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies.

Preparation
The industrial production of Calcium Propionate (E282) and sodium propionate is carried out by the neutralization of propionic acid with the corresponding hydroxides and subsequent spraydrying of the concentrated aqueous solutions.

Preparation Method
Firstly, the raw Calcium Propionate (E282) is made into a water suspension, and the water used shall be refined and purified to remove impurities such as heavy metal magnesium.
CaCO3 water suspension is quantitatively put into the neutralization reaction kettle, the temperature in the kettle is maintained at 60~80 ℃, propionic acid is added while stirring, and the neutralization reaction lasts for 2~3 hours.
At this time, a large amount of CO2 gas escapes and can be discharged through the vent tube of the condenser.
By adjusting the external heating temperature, adding acid and stirring speed to make the reaction reach the best conditions, the pH value of the reaction end point should be controlled at 7~8.
This reaction is a reversible reaction, and CO2 gas should be discharged in time to better control the reaction end point.
The neutralized aqueous solution is filtered through vacuum, the obtained filtrate is concentrated in an evaporation kettle, and then placed in a crystallization tank to slowly cool and crystallize at normal temperature and pressure.
The mother liquor can be returned to the evaporation kettle for 2~3 times and then discarded.
The separated solid is dried into small particles and crushed, measured and packaged to obtain the finished product of calcium propionate.

Production Method
Calcium Propionate (E282) is prepared by reacting propionic acid with calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate: calcium hydroxide is generally used as raw material in industry, calcium hydroxide is mixed into suspension in a reaction pot, propionic acid is added, the reaction temperature is kept at 70-100 ℃, the reaction lasts for 2-3 hours, and the pH value of the reaction end point is controlled at 7-8.
Filter and dry the reaction materials to obtain the finished product.
calcium hydroxide powder is made into suspension in a neutralization pot, and propionic acid is added to neutralize to pH value of 7-8, neutralization temperature of 70-100 ℃, neutralization time of 2-3h.
The neutralization liquid is filtered to remove insoluble substances, and the clear liquid is concentrated, cooled, crystallized, separated and dried to obtain the finished product.

CH3CH2COOH[Ca(OH)2]→(CH3CH2COO)2Ca

Calcium Propionate (E282) is obtained by neutralizing propionic acid with calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate.
Made by neutralization of propionic acid and calcium hydroxide.

Calcium Propionate food grade, also known as calcium propanoate, is a food additive used as a preservative in a wide range of food products.
Calcium Propionate food grade is the calcium salt of propionic acid.
Calcium Propionate food grade is commonly used in baked goods, bread, and other grain products to inhibit the growth of mold and extend shelf life.

CAS Number: 4075-81-4
EC Number: 223-795-8

Synonyms: Calcium Propionate food grade, Calcium propanoate, Calcium salt of propionic acid, E282, Food additive E282, Propionic acid calcium salt, Calcium Propionate food grade powder, Calcium dipropionate, Food preservative E282, Propanoic acid, calcium salt, Calcium dipropionate, Calcium salt of propanoic acid, Calcium dipropionate, Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1), Calcium dipropanoate, Propionic acid, calcium salt (2:1), Calcium dipropanoate, Propanoic acid, calcium salt, Calcium Propionate food grades, Calcium propionat, Calcium propionaat, Propionat de calciu, Calciumpropionat, Calcium Propionate food grade (ACGIH
), Calcium Propionate food grade [NF], HSDB 3076, CAS-4075-81-4, Calciumpropanoate, UNII-27Y3M2X3OU, 27Y3M2X3OU, AC1Q69ZN, UNII-DEI1TZ2D8F, DEI1TZ2D8F, CHEMBL1200782, CTK1I0476, DTXSID5020186, EINECS 223-795-8, 194705_ALDRICH, 194705_FLUKA, 194709_ALDRICH, 234973_ALDRICH, 483320_ALDRICH, AI3-08128, AKOS015899183, Calcium Propionate food grade (2:1), LS-61464, MCULE-2217980870, NSC 1109, Tox21_111371, NSC1109, NSC-1109, AK-85931, DB14086, KB-66184, OR298110, Q-101529, Z1635583467, FT-0652943, ST24045009, T1031, AN-24709, G0173, G0300, G0608, GTPL6704

APPLICATIONS

Calcium Propionate food grade is widely used as a food preservative in various food products.
Calcium Propionatefood grade is commonly added to bread and baked goods to prevent mold growth and extend shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is effective in inhibiting the growth of molds, yeast, and bacteria in baked goods.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in processed cheese to prevent the growth of spoilage organisms and extend product freshness.

Calcium Propionate food grade is also added to dairy products such as yogurt and cream cheese to prevent mold growth.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in fruit and vegetable products to maintain freshness and prevent spoilage during storage and transportation.
Calcium Propionate food grade is commonly used in meat and poultry products to prevent the growth of bacteria and extend shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is added to pet food products to prevent mold growth and extend product stability.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in animal feed to prevent mold growth and improve feed quality.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to grain and grain products to prevent mold growth and extend storage life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in beverage products to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to snack foods such as crackers and pretzels to prevent mold growth and extend freshness.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in confectionery products such as candies and chocolates to prevent microbial growth and maintain product quality.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in pharmaceutical products as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to cosmetics and personal care products to prevent microbial growth and extend product stability.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in agricultural applications to prevent mold growth on crops and improve post-harvest storage.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in industrial applications such as water treatment to prevent microbial growth in cooling towers and other systems.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of biodegradable plastics as a microbial inhibitor.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the textile industry to prevent microbial growth on textiles and fabrics.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial contamination.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of paints and coatings to prevent microbial growth on surfaces.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of paper and cardboard products to prevent microbial contamination during storage and transportation.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of rubber and plastics to prevent microbial growth on surfaces.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of building materials such as insulation and roofing to prevent microbial growth.
Calcium Propionate food grade plays a critical role in preventing microbial contamination and extending the shelf life of a wide range of products across various industries.

Calcium Propionate food grade is commonly used in the baking industry to inhibit mold growth in doughs and batters.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to cake mixes, muffins, and pastries to prevent spoilage and extend product freshness.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in pizza dough and crusts to inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to tortillas and flatbreads to prevent microbial contamination and extend shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in frozen dough products such as breadsticks and rolls to maintain quality during storage and distribution.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to sandwich bread and rolls to prevent mold growth and extend product freshness.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of croutons and breadcrumbs to prevent microbial contamination.

Calcium Propionate food grade is added to breakfast cereals and granola bars to prevent spoilage and maintain product quality.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of pasta and noodles to inhibit mold growth and extend shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is added to snack foods such as potato chips and pretzels to prevent microbial contamination.
Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of crackers and crispbreads to prevent mold growth and maintain product crispiness.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to rice cakes and popcorn to prevent microbial spoilage and extend shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of waffles and pancakes to prevent mold growth and maintain freshness.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to bagels and English muffins to prevent spoilage and extend product shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of pie crusts and pastry dough to inhibit mold growth and maintain texture.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to sandwich wraps and pita bread to prevent microbial contamination and extend shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of tortillas and taco shells to prevent mold growth and maintain product quality.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to gluten-free bread and baked goods to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of artisan bread and sourdough to inhibit mold growth and maintain freshness.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to baguettes and ciabatta bread to prevent microbial spoilage and extend product shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of bagels and croissants to prevent mold growth and maintain texture.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to bread crumbs and stuffing mixtures to prevent microbial contamination and extend shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is used in the production of hot dog buns and hamburger rolls to prevent spoilage and maintain freshness.
Calcium Propionate food grade is added to dinner rolls and breadsticks to prevent mold growth and extend product shelf life.
Calcium Propionate food grade is a versatile food preservative that plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and quality of a wide range of baked goods and grain products.

DESCRIPTION

Calcium Propionate food grade, also known as calcium propanoate, is a food additive used as a preservative in a wide range of food products.
Calcium Propionate food grade is the calcium salt of propionic acid.
Calcium Propionate food grade is commonly used in baked goods, bread, and other grain products to inhibit the growth of mold and extend shelf life.
Calcium Propionate food grade is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is approved for use in various food products worldwide.

Calcium Propionate food grade is a white crystalline solid with a faint odor.
Calcium Propionate food grade is highly soluble in water and forms clear solutions.

Calcium Propionate food grade has a molecular formula of C6H10CaO4 and a molar mass of 186.22 g/mol.
Calcium Propionate food grade is commonly used as a food preservative to prevent the growth of mold and extend shelf life.

Calcium Propionate food grade is effective in inhibiting the growth of various molds, yeast, and bacteria in food products.
Calcium Propionate food grade is stable under normal conditions but may decompose at elevated temperatures.

Calcium Propionate food grade is non-toxic and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory authorities when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.
Calcium Propionate food grade is commonly added to bread, baked goods, processed cheese, and other food products to prevent spoilage.

Calcium Propionate food grade functions by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms by lowering the pH of the environment.
Calcium Propionate food grade is also used in animal feed as a preservative to prevent the growth of mold and improve feed quality.
In addition to its preservative properties, Calcium Propionate food grade may also act as a source of calcium in food products.
Calcium Propionate food grade is often preferred over other preservatives due to its minimal impact on taste, texture, and aroma.

Calcium Propionate food grade has been extensively studied for its safety and efficacy in food preservation.
Calcium Propionate food grade is listed on food labels under various names, including E282 and calcium propanoate.
Calcium Propionate food grade is produced commercially through the reaction of propionic acid with calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate.

Calcium Propionate food grade may be used in combination with other preservatives to enhance effectiveness.
Calcium Propionate food grade has a slightly salty taste but is not typically used as a flavoring agent.
Calcium Propionate food grade is important to use Calcium Propionate food grade in appropriate concentrations to achieve desired preservation effects without affecting product quality.
Calcium Propionate food grade is commonly supplied in the form of granules, powder, or liquid solutions.
Calcium Propionate food grade should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat and moisture to prevent degradation.

Proper handling and storage practices should be followed to ensure product integrity and safety.
Calcium Propionate food grade is approved for use in food products by regulatory agencies worldwide, including the FDA and EFSA.
Calcium Propionate food grade has been used in the food industry for decades and has a proven track record of efficacy.

Calcium Propionate food grade plays a crucial role in maintaining the safety and quality of a wide range of food products.
Calcium Propionate food grade is a valuable food additive that helps to ensure the freshness and safety of food products for consumers.

PROPERTIES

Physical Properties:

Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless or has a faint odor
Taste: Slightly salty
Solubility in Water: Soluble
Density: 1.41 g/cm³
Melting Point: Decomposes above 300°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes above 300°C
pH: Neutral (around 7)
Hygroscopicity: Low to moderate
Particle Size: Typically fine powder or granules
Bulk Density: 0.5-0.7 g/cm³ (powder), 0.7-0.9 g/cm³ (granules)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but may decompose at high temperatures
Hydrophobicity: Slightly hydrophobic
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone

Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: Ca(C3H5O2)2
Molecular Weight: 186.22 g/mol
Composition: Calcium (Ca), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)
Structure: Crystalline structure with calcium ions surrounded by propionate ions
Acid-Base Properties: Calcium Propionate food grade is a salt formed from the reaction between propionic acid and calcium hydroxide.
Reactivity: Reacts with strong acids to form propionic acid and a calcium salt.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming a clear solution.
Hydrolysis: Calcium Propionate food grade undergoes hydrolysis in water to release calcium ions and propionate ions.
pKa Value: The pKa value of propionic acid (the parent acid) is around 4.87.
Decomposition: Decomposes at high temperatures (>300°C) to release carbon dioxide, water vapor, and calcium carbonate.
Combustibility: Non-combustible; does not support combustion.
Toxicity: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and pharmaceuticals when used in accordance with regulations.
Biodegradability: Biodegradable under certain environmental conditions, although specific degradation pathways may vary.
Electrical Conductivity: Low electrical conductivity in aqueous solutions.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:
Remove to Fresh Air:
Immediately move the affected person to fresh air in a well-ventilated area.

Assess Breathing:
Check the person's breathing.
If breathing is difficult, ensure airways are clear and provide oxygen if available and trained to do so.

Seek Medical Attention:
If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly.

Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Quickly and gently remove any contaminated clothing, shoes, or accessories.

Wash Skin:
Wash the affected area with mild soap and lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring complete removal of the chemical.

Rinse Thoroughly:
Rinse the skin thoroughly to remove any residual Calcium Propionate food grade.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms develop, seek medical advice promptly.

Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes Immediately:
Immediately flush the affected eye(s) with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If present and easily removable, remove contact lenses after the initial flush.

Continue Flushing:
Continue to flush the eye(s) with water, ensuring thorough rinsing of the eye(s) and eyelids.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, even if symptoms seem minor or if irritation persists after rinsing.

Ingestion:

Do NOT Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Do NOT Give Anything by Mouth:
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Rinse Mouth:
If the person is conscious and able to swallow, rinse their mouth with water and encourage them to drink water slowly.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, and a lab coat or protective clothing when handling Calcium Propionate food grade.
Ensure that all PPE is properly fitted and in good condition before use.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact with Calcium Propionate food grade.
In case of contact, follow the first aid measures outlined in the SDS (Safety Data Sheet) or chemical label.

Use in Well-Ventilated Areas:
Handle Calcium Propionate food grade in well-ventilated areas to prevent the buildup of vapors or dust.
Use local exhaust ventilation if available to minimize exposure to airborne particles.

Prevent Spills and Leaks:
Take precautions to prevent spills and leaks during handling and transfer of Calcium Propionate food grade.
Use spill containment measures such as secondary containment trays or spill kits.

Avoid Mixing with Incompatible Substances:
Do not mix Calcium Propionate food grade with strong acids, strong bases, or other incompatible substances.
Refer to the SDS for a list of incompatible materials.

Use Proper Equipment:
Use appropriate equipment such as chemical-resistant pumps, hoses, and containers for handling and transferring Calcium Propionate food grade.

Labeling:
Ensure that containers of Calcium Propionate food grade are properly labeled with the appropriate product name, concentration, hazard warnings, and handling instructions.

Storage:

Store in Cool, Dry Area:
Store containers of Calcium Propionate food grade in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
Maintain storage temperatures between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F) to prevent degradation.

Avoid Temperature Extremes:
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.
Do not allow Calcium Propionate food grade to freeze, as it may affect its properties.
Protect containers from excessive heat or cold to prevent damage.

Keep Containers Tightly Closed:
Keep containers of Calcium Propionate food grade tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Separate from Incompatible Substances:
Store Calcium Propionate food grade away from incompatible substances such as strong acids, strong bases, and reactive metals.

Store Away from Food and Feedstuffs:
Do not store Calcium Propionate food grade near food, feedstuffs, or food preparation areas to prevent accidental contamination.

Check for Leaks and Damage:
Regularly inspect containers for signs of leaks, damage, or deterioration.
Replace damaged containers promptly to prevent spills or accidents.

Follow Local Regulations:
Adhere to local regulations and guidelines for the storage of Calcium Propionate food grade, including any specific requirements for hazardous chemicals in your region.

Emergency Preparedness:

Emergency Response Plan:
Develop and implement an emergency response plan for handling spills, leaks, or other accidents involving Calcium Propionate food grade.
Train employees on proper emergency procedures and response protocols.

Spill Cleanup Equipment:
Keep spill cleanup equipment, such as absorbent materials, neutralizing agents, and personal protective equipment, readily available for use in case of spills or leaks.

Emergency Contact Information:
Maintain a list of emergency contact numbers for local authorities, poison control centers, and medical facilities in case of emergencies involving Calcium Propionate food grade.

Reporting Requirements:
Be aware of reporting requirements for spills, leaks, or other incidents involving Calcium Propionate food grade as mandated by local regulatory agencies. Promptly report any incidents to the appropriate authorities.

DESCRIPTION:

Calcium propionate food grade is the Calcium salt of Propionic acid.
Calcium propionate food grade is a colourless to white crystalline solid and well-soluble in water.
The food grade is indicated by the E-number E 282.

Cas no., 4075-81-4
EC no., 223-795-8
Molecular weight, 186.22
Molecular formular, 2(C3H6O2)•Ca

SYNONYMS OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE
Propanoic acid,calcium salt (2:1);Propionic acid,calcium salt;Propanoic acid,calcium salt;Calcium propionate food grade;Bioban-C;Calcium dipropionate;Calcium propanoate;Di(propanoyloxy)calcium;1298120-01-0, bioban-c;calciumpropanoate;CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADECALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADECALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADECALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE;Propanoicacid,calciumsalt;propionatedecalcium;PROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT;PROPIONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT;CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE

Calcium propionate food grade is mainly used in small quantities as a preservative in various foods (food grade), including bread and pastries.
In this, the substance acts as a fungal inhibitor.
Calcium propionate food grade is also added to feed to extend the shelf life of the feed.

In fermented products, for example, cheeses, a high concentration of Calcium propionate food grade is present.

Calcium propionate food grade is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products
In agriculture, Calcium propionate food grade is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.

This is the best quality Calcium propionate food grade available in the market and used by all large MNCs
Calcium propionate food grades is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor.
Calcium propionate food grade has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.

Food manufacturers must adhere to quality control measures and regulations to ensure that Calcium propionate food grade is used safely and effectively in food products.
Calcium propionate food grade is used globally in a wide range of processed and packaged foods to enhance their shelf life and safety.
Calcium propionate food grade is generally considered safe, but individuals with specific allergies or sensitivities should be aware of its presence in food products.

Calcium propionate food grade is approved for use in food products by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
The amount of calcium proportionate used in food products is typically within a range of 0.1% to 0.5% of the total product weight.
In many countries, food products containing Calcium propionate food grade must be listed on the ingredient label.

Some manufacturers are exploring natural alternatives to synthetic preservatives like Calcium propionate food grade due to consumer demand for clean-label products.
Calcium propionate food grade is the calcium salt of propionic acid.
Calcium propionate food grade is Used in foods as a preservative and effective growth inhibitor of most molds and some bacteria, and to extend their normal shelf life.

Widely used in bread and other yeast-based bakery goods.
Calcium propionate food grade is Also used in processed meat, whey, other dairy products.
Calcium propionate food grade works best in baked goods with a pH of 5.5 or less and used typically at 0.1-0.4%.

Calcium propionate food grade is used as a preservative to extend the normal shelf life of food.
Calcium propionate food grade prevents mold and bacterial growth that would cause products to go bad and also contributes to the nutritional value of each product by acting as a source of calcium.
In foods, Calcium propionate food grade is used as a preservative, including but not limited to: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

In agriculture, Calcium propionate food grade is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do.
However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE:
Calcium propionate food grade is a white, crystal, solid substance.
Calcium propionate food grade is odorless in its natural state, but users may detect an odor when bread is hot; the odor will disappear once the bread cools down.
It’s pH (10% solution) is 7.5-9.0. It is non-GMO and allergen free.

Calcium propionate food grade dissolves well and is easy to blend into flour.
Calcium propionate food grade is stable under normal conditions and can be slightly hygroscopic in that it easily absorbs moisture.

Calcium propionate food grade, also known as "calcium propanoate" in some places, is a chemical commonly used as a food additive to ward off mold and other bacterial growth in a range of different packaged and prepared foods.
Calcium propionate food grade is a carbolyic acid and is the calcium salt of propionic acid, and has the chemical formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
One of its primary jobs is to break down and decompose certain amino acids that occur in nature, and can be found pretty easily in human and animal sweat, as well as in situations of bacterial fermentation.

Modern manufacturers often synthesize it in labs and isolate it specifically for food production.
It's a common addition to many commercial bread products since it helps them resist mold and makes it possible for grocers to store them for weeks on the shelf.

Commercial dairy products often incorporate it, too, and it's commonly mixed in with a range of canned foods to help keep them tasting fresh.
Sometimes Calcium propionate food grade can be added to livestock feed to help prevent diseases, particularly among dairy cows. In small quantities it's generally considered safe for human consumption, though there have been some reports of side effects and allergies.

FEATURES AND PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE
Calcium propionate food grade Acts as a remarkable food-grade preservative
Calcium propionate food grade Proves instrumental in extending the shelf life of numerous food products

Calcium propionate food grade Exhibits the form of a white crystalline powder with an understated scent of propionic acid
Calcium propionate food grade Adheres to strict manufacturing standards, vouching for its superior quality

USES OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE:

Calcium propionate food grade is a naturally occurring organic salt formed by a reaction between calcium hydroxide and propionic acid.
It’s commonly used as a food additive — known as E282 — to help preserve various food products, including (1Trusted Source, 2):
• Baked goods: breads, pastries, muffins, etc.
• Dairy products: cheeses, powdered milk, whey, yogurt, etc.
• Beverages: soft drinks, fruit drinks, etc.
• Alcoholic drinks: beers, malt beverages, wine, cider, etc.
• Processed meats: hot dogs, ham, lunch meats, etc.

Calcium propionate food grade extends the shelf life of various goods by interfering with the growth and reproduction of molds and other microorganisms (3Trusted Source).
Mold and bacterial growth are a costly issue in the baking industry, as baking provides conditions that are close to ideal for mold growth

APPLICATIONS OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE
Beyond its role in extending shelf-life, Calcium propionate food grade is vital in the food industry, especially in maintaining the freshness of baked goods, dairy products, beverages, and processed meats.
Calcium propionate food grade effectively inhibits the growth of molds and bacteria, thus preserving the quality of foods.

Bread Preservation:
Calcium propionate food grade is an effective growth inhibitor of most molds and some bacteria.
Calcium propionate food grade is widely used in bread and other bakery products to prevent mold growth, rope formation, and to extend the shelf life.

In addition, Calcium propionate food grade serves as an excellent Calcium supplement.
Calcium propionate food grade is easy to handle, dissolves well, and is easy to blend into flour.

The Significance of Preservatives:
Bread is very susceptible for microbial growth, especially the growth of molds and some specific bacteria.
Although bacteria, molds,and mold-spores are usually killed during the baking process, re-contamination of the bread occurs by airborne molds and spores, and by the processing equipment during and after cooling.

Strict attention to bakery hygiene can greatly reduce contamination, but it is not possible to avoid it completely.
Bacterial spores are heat resistant and may survive the baking process, causing rope formation on bakery goods.
Rope is characterized by a brownish, sticky, and wet crumb, which causes an unpleasant overall appearance.

The rate of microbial growth on bread is affected by the number and type of spores present.
Calcium propionate food grade is accelerated by high storage temperature and high humidity.
Microbial growth rate is also influenced by the ingredients used.

Wrapped or sliced bread is particularly susceptible to microbial spoilage due to additional processing steps after baking.
The use of a preservative is therefore beneficial in extending the shelf life of bakery goods.

Use in Dairy and Breads:
Calcium propionate food grade is perhaps most frequently utilized as a preservative in bread and dairy products, since these are often at high risk of spoilage.
Calcium propionate food grade is typically added in small amounts, usually in liquid form, and works on the cellular level to prevent mold and bacterial growth.
All the above makes retailers to keep foods looking and tasting fresh for far longer than they would otherwise, which can increase profits and sales margins; Calcium propionate food grade is also able to benefit the consumer by allowing food to stay fresher for longer either on the counter or in the fridge.

Enzyme Activity:
Calcium propionate food grade Powder, Calcium propionate food grade Granular works primarily as an inhibitor.
In simple terms, this means that it works within a substance to stop the energy source that any development of bacteria would depend upon.
As a result, the propionic acid prevents even naturally occurring bacteria from feeding since it destroys or at least blocks the enzymes that provide essential fuel for bacterial growth.

Calcium propionate food grade is common in nature in settings where bacterial growth is likely, and it tends to be most prolific in moist, energy-rich environments.
Raw milk generally contains trace amounts naturally.

As a Shelf-Stable Food Additive:
In addition to dairy and breads, Calcium propionate food grade Powder, Calcium propionate food grade Granular is also utilized in canned fruits, batter mixes, and other packaged and preserved foods where mold can occur.
In these cases small amounts of liquid or Calcium propionate food grade Powder, Calcium propionate food grade Granular are usually added to cans, boxes, and packages just before they’re sealed.
The additive doesn’t have a taste and doesn’t usually impact the overall quality of the food, aside from preventing spoilage.

Agricultural Uses:
This acid’s ability to preserve and maintain biological balance also makes it attractive as an additive to livestock feed, particularly for animals used to produce milk.
Sheep, goats, and dairy cows sometimes get food treated with this chemical from time to time.
Calcium propionate food grade Powder, Calcium propionate food grade Granular contributes in this way to prevent the spread of milk fever disease.

As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propionate food grade is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

In agriculture, Calcium propionate food grade is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.
Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do.
However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.

Calcium propionate food grade is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4%
Calcium propionate food grade can be used as a pesticide.

In Food:
During dough preparation, Calcium propionate food grade is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey.

Calcium propionate food grade is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold.
Calcium propionate food grade can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread.

Calcium propionate food grade can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits.
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to Calcium propionate food grade is sodium propionate.

In Beverage:
Calcium propionate food grade is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages.

In Agriculture:
Calcium propionate food grade is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows.
Calcium propionate food grade can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food.
Calcium propionate food grade is also used as a pesticide.

Industrial Uses
Calcium propionate food grade is used in paint and coating additives.
Calcium propionate food grade is also used as plating and surface treating agents.

ADVANTAGES OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE:
Calcium propionate food grade Enhance the flavour of baked products
Calcium propionate food grade requires in minimum quantity (0.1% to 0.5%)
Calcium propionate food grade does not affect the levelling action of baking powder (Sodium Bicarbonate/ Calcium Bicarbonates) in cakes.

WHY USE CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE?
To obtain most effective mould control (fungi) & rope bacteria in bread and other bakery & confectionary products with the moisture level on storage conditions, Calcium propionate food grade are used.
Calcium propionate food grade gives best results in compare to other preservatives, in yeast used as ingredients of product.
Calcium propionate food grade is widely used in baked goods, dairy products, processed meats, alcoholic drinks, soft drinks etc.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE
Appearance: White Powder, Granules, Crystals
Grade: Food, Feed, Pharma
CAS No: 4075-81-4
E No: E282
Einecs No: 260-133-7
HS Code: 2915509000
Molecular Formula: C6H10CaO4
Molar mass: 186.2192 g/mol
ChemicalName, CalciumPropionate
Formula, (CH3CH2COO)2Ca
ProductForm, WhiteCrystals,Granules,or Powder
MolecularWeight, 186.22g/mol
ENo., E-282
CASNo., 4075-81-4
EINECSNo., 223-795-8
HSCodeEU, 2915.50.00
HSCode US, 2915.50.5000
Flashpoint, >250°C
Solubility in Waterat 0°C 42.8g/100 mlat 25°C 39.9g/100 mlat 30°C 39.1g/100 mlat 60°C 38.3g/100 mlat 80°C 39.9g/100 mlat 100°C 48.4g/100 ml,
Cas no., 4075-81-4
EC no., 223-795-8
Molecular weight, 186.22
Molecular formular, 2(C3H6O2)•Ca
solubility, Water: Soluble 1 G/10 ML, Clear, Colorless
storage, Store In Cool, dry And ventilated warehouse,room temperature, avoid direct sunlight and keep the container sealed.
odor, A light propionic acid odor
uses, Presevatives in foods
Shelf life, 2 years
Product Name:
Calcium propionate food grade
Other Name:
Propanoic acid,calcium salt (2:1);Propionic acid,calcium salt;Propanoic acid,calcium salt;Calcium propionate food grade;Bioban-C;Calcium dipropionate;Calcium propanoate;Di(propanoyloxy)calcium;1298120-01-0
CAS No.:
4075-81-4
Molecular Formula:
C3H6O2.1/2Ca
InChIKeys:
InChIKey=RAGOHKKBYVRXKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
186.219
Exact Mass:
186.02
EC Number:
223-795-8
UNII:
8AI80040KW
DSSTox ID:
DTXSID1027556
Color/Form:
COLORLESS, MONOCLINIC TABLETS|Powder or monoclinic crystals|White powder
HScode:
2915509000
Categories:
Preservative
PSA：
52.6
XLogP3：
0.8078
Appearance：
White Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Melting Point：
300 °C
Boiling Point：
141.7ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point：
57.7ºC
Water Solubility：
H2O: 1 g/10 mLINSOL IN ALCOHOL
Storage Conditions：
Treasury ventilation low temperature drying
PH：
6,0-9,0 (10 % aqueous solution)
Experimental Properties：
Occurs as mono- or trihydrate
Water Insoluble, 0.3 % Max
Moisture Content, 5 % Max
PH Value, 7.0 To 9.5
Arsenic, NMT 3 PPM
Iron, 50 PPM MAX
Lead, 10 PPM MAX
Assay (DWB), NLT 99.0%
Content: 99.0% min
Loss on drying 5% max
PH10% 7-9
Arsenic 0.0003% max
Heavy Metal(As Pb) 0.001% max
Fluorin 0.003% max
Water Insoluble 0.3%max
Fe 0.005%max

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

CALCIUM SALICYLATE, N° CAS : 824-35-1, Nom INCI : CALCIUM SALICYLATE, Nom chimique : Calcium disalicylate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 212-525-4, Ses fonctions (INCI);Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques. Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2:1); Calcium 2-hydroxybenzoate; Calcium disalicylate; Calcium salicylate; calcium bis(2-hydroxybenzoate)

Stearic acid calcium salt; Calcium octadecanoate; Octadecanoic acid, calcium salt; Calcium distearate; Calcium stearato; Calciumdistearat; Diestearato de calcio; Distéarate de calcium; CALCIUM OCTADECANOATE; CALCIUM STEARATE; OCTADECANOIC ACID CALCIUM SALT; STEARIC ACID CALCIUM SALT; aquacal; calciumdistearate; calstar; dibasiccalciumstearate; flexichem CAS NO:1592-23-0

CALCIUM SULFATE HYDRATE, N° CAS : 13397-24-5, Nom INCI : CALCIUM SULFATE HYDRATE, Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance. Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure. Astringent : Permet de resserrer les pores de la peau. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Agent éclaircissant : Eclaircit les nuances des cheveux et du teint Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Calcium sulfonate; Petroleum sulfonic acids calcium salts CAS NO:61789-86-4

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is a type of hydraulic binder that consists of calcium sulfoaluminate phases.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is often used in the production of specialty cements and concrete.

CAS Number: 12004-14-7
EC Number: 234-448-5

Aluminum calcium oxide sulfate (Al2Ca6O6(SO4)3), Satin white pigment, Hexacalcium hexaoxotris(sulphato(2-))dialuminate(12-), dialuminum hexacalcium oxygen(-2) anion trisulfate, hexacalcium, CALCIUMSULPHOALUMINATE, Aluminum calcium oxide sulfate (Al2Ca6O6(SO4)3), Hexacalcium hexaoxotris[sulfato(2-)]dialuminate(12-), HEXACALCIUM HEXAOXOTRIS[SULFATO(2-)]DIALUMINATE(12-), hexacalcium hexaoxotris[sulphato(2-)]dialuminate(12-),

APPLICATIONS

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is widely used in the production of rapid-setting and high-performance concrete.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) finds applications in precast concrete, enabling quick demolding and early strength development for accelerated construction timelines.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is employed in the formulation of shrinkage-compensating concrete, mitigating the effects of drying shrinkage in structural elements.

Rapid-setting repair mortars often utilize Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder), providing a durable solution for the restoration of deteriorated concrete structures.
Specialty concretes, such as those used in fast-track construction projects, benefit from the unique properties of Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder).
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in shotcrete applications, offering a quick-setting solution for efficient and durable construction in various environments.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is a key component in the production of expansive grouts, used in applications requiring controlled expansion and stability.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the creation of self-leveling underlayments, promoting a smooth and level surface in flooring installations.
In emergency repair scenarios, Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is applied to achieve rapid strength development and restore critical infrastructure.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is chosen for projects where high early strength is essential, such as the construction of bridges and other critical structures.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used in the development of specialty cements, enhancing performance characteristics for specific construction applications.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) plays a crucial role in the production of low-alkali concrete, reducing the risk of alkali-silica reaction and improving long-term durability.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is incorporated into certain concrete mixes to achieve reduced permeability, enhancing the resistance of structures to moisture ingress.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is applied in the formulation of high-strength grouts, offering reliable performance in applications requiring load transfer and stability.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in the production of rapid-setting and high-performance mortars for various construction and repair tasks.
Certain types of lightweight concrete formulations benefit from the rapid-setting nature of CSA binder, facilitating efficient construction.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used in the production of non-shrink grouts, ensuring minimal volume change during and after curing.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) finds applications in the manufacturing of specialized concrete products, including those used in the aerospace and defense industries.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the development of fast-setting flooring systems, reducing downtime during installation and improving overall project efficiency.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is employed in projects requiring controlled expansion, such as in the installation of anchor bolts and critical structural connections.
In cold weather concreting, CSA binder is favored for its ability to set at lower temperatures, facilitating construction in challenging climates.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used in the construction of high-performance pavements, providing enhanced durability and resistance to heavy traffic loads.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is applied in the formulation of quick-setting grouts for rapid and reliable anchoring of machinery and equipment.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in the production of fast-setting concrete overlays, offering a durable and aesthetically pleasing solution for surface repairs.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) continues to find innovative applications in construction, contributing to the development of sustainable and high-performance building materials.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is essential in the development of controlled low-temperature concrete, making it suitable for projects in colder climates.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) plays a crucial role in the production of fast-setting grouts used for efficient and reliable installation of precast elements.
In tunneling and mining operations, CSA binder is employed to create shotcrete with rapid strength gain, ensuring stability in excavation.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the formulation of rapid-setting cementitious patching compounds, addressing localized concrete repairs effectively.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in the construction of rapid-setting bridge overlays, providing a durable solution for rehabilitation projects.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is incorporated into the manufacturing of rapid-setting stucco and plaster for exterior finishes with accelerated curing times.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used in the production of rapid-setting tile adhesives, facilitating quick and secure installation of tiles in various applications.
CSA binder finds applications in the production of high-performance grouts used for precision machinery and equipment alignment.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is employed in the creation of fast-setting concrete barriers and barriers used in highway and infrastructure projects.

In marine construction, Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used in the formulation of rapid-setting underwater concrete for efficient subsea installations.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the production of rapid-setting concrete blocks and bricks, expediting the construction of walls and structures.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is applied in the formulation of fast-setting and high-strength mortars used in structural repairs and retrofitting projects.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in the creation of rapid-setting and high-performance concrete countertops for interior design applications.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) finds applications in the production of fast-setting grouts for anchor bolt installations in critical structural elements.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the development of rapid-setting and durable pavement repair materials for efficient road maintenance.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used in the manufacturing of fast-setting and high-strength concrete poles for utility and infrastructure applications.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) plays a role in the production of rapid-setting concrete pipes, enhancing efficiency in drainage and sewer systems.
In emergency repairs of water and wastewater infrastructure, CSA binder is applied to achieve quick and reliable solutions.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is employed in the creation of fast-setting and durable railway sleepers for efficient rail system construction.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used in the formulation of rapid-setting grouts for the installation of prefabricated elements in construction projects.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the production of rapid-setting and high-performance shotcrete for soil stabilization and slope protection.
In pre-stressed concrete applications, CSA binder is utilized to produce rapid-setting grouts for efficient post-tensioning.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) finds applications in the development of rapid-setting and durable concrete panels for architectural and facade elements.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is applied in the creation of fast-setting and high-strength concrete sculptures and artistic installations.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) plays a role in the formulation of rapid-setting and fire-resistant concrete materials for applications in fire protection and containment.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is integral to the production of fast-setting grouts used in the installation of anchor bolts and structural connections in buildings.
In the realm of geotechnical engineering, Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the formulation of rapid-setting soil stabilization materials for infrastructure projects.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) plays a significant role in the creation of fast-setting, high-strength concrete used in the construction of bridges and overpasses.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is applied in the development of rapid-setting repair mortars, aiding in the quick and efficient restoration of deteriorated concrete structures.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) finds applications in the production of fast-setting, durable curbs and gutters for road construction projects.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in the formulation of rapid-setting grouts for the installation of structural steel elements in commercial and industrial buildings.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the creation of fast-setting concrete pads and foundations, reducing construction timelines for various structures.

In the repair and maintenance of airport runways, Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used to formulate rapid-setting concrete for efficient rehabilitation.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) plays a crucial role in the development of fast-setting, high-performance concrete overlays for highways and parking structures.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is employed in the production of rapid-setting mortar for the efficient installation of brick and masonry in construction.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in the creation of rapid-setting concrete countertops, providing a durable and aesthetically pleasing surface.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the formulation of rapid-setting grouts used in the installation of wind turbine foundations and support structures.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is applied in the development of fast-setting, high-strength concrete panels for use in architectural and structural applications.
In the construction of water treatment plants, Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used to formulate rapid-setting concrete for critical infrastructure.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) finds applications in the production of rapid-setting, high-strength concrete columns for structural support in buildings.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is integral to the development of fast-setting concrete barriers for use in traffic management and safety applications.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in the creation of rapid-setting concrete bridge deck overlays, enhancing the durability of transportation infrastructure.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the formulation of rapid-setting grouts for the efficient installation of railings and safety barriers.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) plays a role in the production of rapid-setting, high-performance concrete elements for landscape and architectural design.

In the repair of water and wastewater pipelines, Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used to formulate rapid-setting grouts for quick and durable solutions.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is employed in the development of fast-setting concrete footings and foundations for residential and commercial construction.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the formulation of rapid-setting grouts used in the installation of communication and utility poles.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in the creation of fast-setting, high-strength concrete piles for foundation support in marine structures.

In the construction of retaining walls, Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is used to formulate rapid-setting concrete for efficient and stable installations.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) plays a crucial role in the production of rapid-setting, high-performance concrete tiles for flooring and decorative applications.

DESCRIPTION

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is a type of hydraulic binder that consists of calcium sulfoaluminate phases.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is often used in the production of specialty cements and concrete.
The main components of Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) include calcium sulfoaluminate phases, calcium sulfate, and sometimes other minor components to achieve specific performance characteristics.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is a specialized hydraulic binder used in the production of advanced cementitious materials.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is known for its rapid setting and hardening properties, making it ideal for applications requiring early strength development.

Composed of unique phases like ye'elimite and belite, CSA binder exhibits distinct hydration characteristics compared to traditional Portland cement.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) plays a crucial role in the formulation of high-performance concrete with enhanced durability and reduced shrinkage.

One of the notable components, ye'elimite, contributes to the early formation of ettringite, a hydrate that accelerates strength gain.
CSA binders are often employed in precast concrete applications where quick demolding and high early strength are critical.

The use of Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) can result in reduced environmental impact due to its lower carbon footprint compared to some conventional binders.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) finds applications in specialty concretes, such as those used in rapid repair mortars and construction projects with time constraints.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) may include various calcium sulfate phases, further influencing their performance characteristics in different applications.
In shrinkage-compensating concrete, the unique properties of CSA binder help mitigate the effects of drying shrinkage.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is recognized for its compatibility with a range of admixtures, allowing for tailored formulations to meet specific project requirements.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in shotcrete applications, providing a quick-setting solution for efficient construction in various environments.

Its versatility extends to use in self-leveling underlayments, promoting a smooth and level surface in flooring applications.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) contributes to the production of expansive grouts used for applications requiring controlled expansion and durability.
CSA binders are often chosen for projects where high early strength is critical, such as in the construction of bridges and infrastructure.

The hydration products formed by CSA binders contribute to the reduction of alkali-silica reaction in concrete.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is known for its ability to achieve specified strengths in a shorter timeframe compared to traditional binders.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) formulations may involve careful consideration of raw material selection and blending to achieve desired properties.

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) is utilized in the production of certain types of specialty cement, contributing to improved performance in specific applications.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder)'s compatibility with various aggregates and supplementary cementitious materials enhances its versatility in concrete mix designs.
Its rapid strength development makes CSA binder suitable for use in emergency repair scenarios where quick infrastructure fixes are required.

The incorporation of CSA binders in certain concrete mixes can result in reduced permeability, enhancing the durability of structures.
The production process of Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) involves precise control of raw material proportions and optimized manufacturing conditions.
Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) has been studied for its potential application in sustainable construction practices due to its lower energy requirements.
Engineers and concrete specialists appreciate Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA binder) for its role in achieving high-performance concrete with tailored properties for specific projects.

PROPERTIES

Boiling Point: N.A.
Vapor Pressure: N.A.
Vapor Density: N.A.
Solubility In Water: Slight (typically 0.1 - 1%)
Specific Gravity: Approximately 1.5g/cm3
Percentage Volatile By Volume: N/A
Evaporation Rate: N.A.
Appearance and Odor: Ton powder, odorless

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.

Seek Medical Attention:
If respiratory irritation persists or worsens, seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If CSA binder comes into contact with the skin, remove contaminated clothing.

Wash Skin:
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
Rinse eyes with plenty of water, lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation persists or if there is any sign of injury to the eyes, seek medical attention.

Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse the mouth with water.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.

General First Aid Measures:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Use appropriate PPE as recommended in the SDS.

Emergency Procedures:
Know and follow emergency procedures.

Notes to Physician:
Provide medical personnel with information on the product and its composition.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing, as recommended in the SDS.

Avoid Inhalation and Skin Contact:
Avoid breathing dust or fumes generated during handling.
Minimize skin contact; if contact occurs, wash the affected area with water and soap.

Use Adequate Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne exposures.

Prevent Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the material.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Handling Equipment:
Use appropriate handling equipment, such as shovels or scoops, to minimize dust generation.

Avoid Mixing with Incompatible Materials:
Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
Follow manufacturer recommendations for mixing with other substances.

Storage:

Store in a Dry Location:
Store CSA binder in a cool, dry place to prevent moisture absorption, which may affect its performance.

Avoid Contamination:
Store away from sources of contamination and incompatible materials.

Protect from Sunlight:
Protect the material from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.

Keep Containers Closed:
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent moisture ingress and contamination.

Separation from Incompatible Materials:
Store CSA binder away from materials that may react adversely with it.
Refer to the SDS for specific information.

Storage Temperature:
Follow manufacturer recommendations regarding the appropriate temperature range for storage.

Secure Storage:
Store containers in a stable position to prevent tipping or falling.

Prevent Spills:
Take measures to prevent spills, and clean up any spills promptly and in accordance with local regulations.

Shelf Life:
Be aware of the product's shelf life, and use older stock first to ensure freshness and effectiveness.

Calcium Sulfonate is an extreme pressure water resistant high temperature calcium sulfonate complex grease.
Calcium Sulfonate is dsigned for all weather, multi application and high performance applications.

CAS Number: 64521-08-0
EC / List no.: 682-721-6

Calcium Sulfonate also provides increased mechanical stability and shear stability typically providing extended re-greasing intervals, thus reducing overall consumption and cost savings.
By virtue of its thickener property, Calcium Sulfonate provides excellent water-resistance properties and does not break down even in the presence of water.

Calcium Sulfonate is an excellent alternative to traditional Lithium complexes for consistent performance in extreme conditions such as steel mills.
Calcium Sulfonate is improved extreme pressure and water resistance are also strong characteristics, making these greases excellent choices for automotive and robotics applications.

Calcium Sulfonate is a high-performance multipurpose grease formulated with highly refined mineral base oils and thickener based on complex calcium sulphonate.
Thanks to its very sophisticated formula and performance reserves, Calcium Sulfonate meets the most stringent industrial requirements.

Its range of applications is extensive, as a result Calcium Sulfonate can replace and outclass numerous conventional greases:
Excellent thermal stability.
Calcium Sulfonate regains its original texture after cooling to ambient temperature.
Remarkable load resistance thanks to Calcium Sulfonate's naturally high extreme pressure and anti-wear properties.

Extraordinary water resistance, no significant loss of consistency is observed even with high amounts of water entering the grease.
Excellent anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion properties thanks to the very nature of the Calcium Sulfonates, also in the presence of sea water.
Calcium Sulfonate does not contain lead, or other heavy metals considered harmful to human health and the environment.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CALCIUM SULFONATE:
Calcium Sulfonate is used lubricant & Grease, Mining - Salts & Metals, Petroleum Additives, Water Treatment & Pool Chemicals.
The nature of the thickening agent, Calcium Sulfonate, used gives it extraordinary anticorrosion and extreme pressure characteristics.
The careful selection of additives provides good additional rust resistance properties and mechanical stability.

Calcium Sulfonate is designed for use in the following applications:
Calcium Sulfonate is a multi purpose extreme pressure grease, formulated for the lubrication of all kinds of industrial, marine and off shore applications, operating under the most severe conditions. (water,heat, dust and other pollution).
Calcium Sulfonate is dsigned for all weather, multi application and high performance applications.

PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM SULFONATE:
• Calcium Sulfonate is specially formulated for use in humid and highly corrosive environments due to its good anticorrosion performance (even in salt water), total insolubility and water repellence, extreme adherence and coating capacity.
• Calcium Sulfonate is very suitable for lubricating rolling mill parts in the steel industry and the wet and dry ends of paper
machines.
• Field of application from -15 ºC to 140 ºC.

CALCIUM SULFONATE AND CALCIUM SULFONATE COMPLEX GREASES:
Top performance greases, with Very High Operating Temperature, even up to 180 Celsius.
Huge Extreme Pressure resistance, from 5000 to 8000 Newtons (as per ASTM D2596), Premium Anti-wear Protection, Premium Water washout Resistance, Excellent Mechanical Stability, Low Oil Separation, recommend VERILA Calcium Sulfonate greases & Calcium Sulfonate Complex greases as premium performance greases, with Very Good Compatibility.
Calcium Sulfonate Complex greases ensure premium greasing for your automotive, marine, industrial strongly loaded applications, in very heavily loaded industrial applications from mining, steel industry, wooden pellet production and many marine applications and more.

CALCIUM SULFONATE GREASE:
Calcium Sulfonate Grease is a type of grease produced by sulfonate grease technology used in environments and conditions such as heat, water, heavy load and high temperature.

USAGE:
It is used in many fields.
These are steel mills, mining and marine equipment, freshwater and marine transportation, nuclear facilities, electrical systems, automotive sector.
Humidity, pressure and located in areas where high temperature uses.

PROPERTIES:
High Resistance to Water and Corrosion :
with sulphonated structure provides high resistance to water and corrosion.
It performs the necessary greasing function without losing its function in places with humidity.
Excellent Level Oxidation Resistance:
It minimizes maintenance costs by reducing wear. It protects against oxidation.
Excellent Mechanical Stability:
It allows use in high temperatures and a continuously changing voltage.

To make a lithium-based complex grease, part of the fatty acid is replaced with another acid (usually a diacid), which makes the complex soap.
This type of mixed soap structure has special properties that enable the grease to be heated to a higher temperature without losing its structure or oil separating from the thickener.

This maximum temperature is referred to as the dropping point.
The dropping point is critical because it is the point at which the grease reverts back to a liquid (the oil separates from the thickener).
Calcium sulfonate-based greases have a higher dropping point, making them attractive for some high-temperature applications.

Calcium sulfonate greases are made by converting a fluid detergent that contains amorphous calcium carbonate to a grease containing calcite particles.
Because of the calcite particles’ lubricating properties, performance additives containing sulfur, phosphorous or zinc may not be needed.
This is why some calcium sulfonate-based greases are attractive to the food industry.

THE ART OF MAKING GREASE:
Max Born, a German mathematician and physicist, once said, “Science is not formal logic.
It needs the free play of the mind in as great a degree as any other creative art.
Making a grease is no exception.
With respect to calcium sulfonate greases, the art involves the process used to convert the detergent to grease.

How one executes this can affect the EP performance and dropping point.
There’s more to the art of making grease.
There is a range of manufacturers, and sometimes the process used for one manufacturer’s equipment must be modified for another.
Therefore, art also plays a role in the manufacturing process.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CALCIUM SULFONATE:
Colour Visual: Greenish brown
Type of thickener: Complex calcium sulphonate
Base oil, viscosity at 40 ºC mm2/s ASTM D 445 220
Consistency: NLGI 2
Penetration, 60 strokes worked 1/10 mm ASTM D 217 280
Dropping point: ºC METTLER FP-83HT 280
Emcor test DIN 51802 0-0
Four-ball machine:
Wear (1 h/40 Kg/75 ºC)
Welding load ∅,mm Kg
IP 239, 0.40
IP 239, 420
Timken EP Pounds ASTM D 2509 50
FAG FE8
Wear of rolling elements mg DIN 51219-2/B/7, 5/80/120 < 10

FIRST AID MEASURES of CALCIUM SULFONATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CALCIUM SULFONATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CALCIUM SULFONATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CALCIUM SULFONATE:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CALCIUM SULFONATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CALCIUM SULFONATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Calcium sulfonate, also known as calcium petroleum sulfonate, is a complex chemical compound that belongs to a class of compounds known as sulfonates.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is typically produced by sulfonating a mixture of petroleum-based products and then neutralizing the resulting sulfonic acids with calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide.
The chemical formula for Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) can vary depending on the specific petroleum feedstock and manufacturing process, but it is commonly represented as Ca(CnH2n+1SO3)2, where n represents the hydrocarbon chain length.

APPLICATIONS

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is widely used as a detergent and corrosion inhibitor in automotive lubricating oils, providing protection to engines and reducing wear.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is employed in heavy-duty diesel engine oils, offering excellent soot dispersancy and preventing sludge formation.

In the marine industry, calcium sulfonate-based lubricants are used to protect ship engines from corrosion and reduce maintenance costs.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as an anti-rust and anti-corrosion agent in metalworking fluids, extending the life of cutting and grinding tools.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases are used in wheel bearings, chassis components, and universal joints in automotive applications.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized in the steel industry as a rolling mill oil additive to improve lubrication and protect against wear.
In the mining sector, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) finds use in heavy equipment lubrication, minimizing friction and extending component life.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases are applied in food processing equipment due to their non-toxic nature and resistance to water washout.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used in the manufacturing of high-performance greases for extreme conditions, such as in construction and agriculture.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a corrosion inhibitor in hydraulic fluids, safeguarding hydraulic systems from rust and oxidation.

Calcium sulfonate technology is employed in the formulation of environmentally friendly biodegradable lubricants.
In the petrochemical industry, it protects equipment and machinery exposed to corrosive environments, such as refineries.
The marine sector uses calcium sulfonate greases to lubricate wire ropes, winches, and deck equipment on ships.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized in the aerospace industry to enhance lubrication in aircraft components, ensuring smooth operation.
Calcium sulfonate-based lubricants are compatible with elastomers and used in seals and gaskets for improved sealing and lubrication.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is applied in the manufacturing of industrial gear oils, reducing friction and wear in gearboxes and transmissions.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) enhances the thermal and oxidative stability of lubricating oils, making them suitable for high-temperature applications.
In the construction industry, it is used in heavy machinery to protect critical components against wear and corrosion.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water treatment chemicals, preventing corrosion in industrial cooling systems.

Calcium sulfonate-based greases are used in railway applications to lubricate wheel bearings and rail switches.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) finds use in oil drilling and exploration as a component of drilling muds, providing lubrication and preventing corrosion.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized in the formulation of specialty greases for electrical contacts to improve conductivity.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) plays a role in improving the lubricating properties of plain bearings and bushings in various industrial equipment.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate)-based lubricants are employed in the pulp and paper industry to reduce friction and wear on machinery.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) continues to evolve with ongoing research, expanding its applications and contributing to the efficiency and durability of industrial processes.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used in the manufacturing of high-performance grease for the automotive sector, ensuring smooth and efficient operation of vehicles.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a critical component in open gear lubricants for mining and cement industries, protecting equipment against extreme conditions.
In the agriculture sector, calcium sulfonate-based greases are applied to farm machinery, reducing wear and maintenance requirements.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used in railway applications to lubricate wheel flanges, bearings, and couplers, enhancing safety and performance.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is employed in the construction industry for crane lubrication and concrete mold release agents.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized in the production of wire rope lubricants, extending the lifespan of cables used in elevators and construction equipment.
Calcium sulfonate greases are found in the wind energy sector, where they provide long-lasting lubrication for turbine components.
In the textile industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a lubricant for sewing machine needles and other textile machinery.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids for machining operations, preventing tool wear and workpiece corrosion.
Calcium sulfonate-based lubricants are used in the forestry industry to maintain the performance of chainsaws and logging equipment.

In the plastics industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is employed as a release agent to prevent plastic products from sticking to molds.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized in the production of high-temperature greases for industrial ovens and kilns.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricating agent in the manufacturing of electrical connectors, ensuring reliable electrical contact.
In the glass industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is applied as a mold release agent during the production of glass products.
Calcium sulfonate greases are used in the aerospace sector to lubricate landing gear and aircraft components.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is applied in the food and beverage industry to lubricate equipment used in food processing and packaging.
In the pharmaceutical sector, it finds use in tablet press lubrication to ensure smooth tablet production.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized in the maintenance of industrial and wastewater treatment equipment.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a lubricant for conveyor systems in material handling operations.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricating agent for chain drives in various industries, including manufacturing and mining.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate)-based greases are applied in the automotive industry to protect and lubricate chassis components.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a release agent for rubber molding and tire manufacturing processes.
In the plastics extrusion industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) provides lubrication for screws and barrels to facilitate material processing.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is employed in the maintenance of railroad track switches and switches in transportation infrastructure.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) plays a role in the preservation of industrial fans and blowers, reducing friction and wear.
In the textile industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used to lubricate spinning machinery, ensuring smooth yarn production.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as an anti-seize compound for bolts, nuts, and threaded fasteners in industrial and automotive maintenance.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases are applied to wire ropes in elevator systems, ensuring safe and reliable vertical transportation.
In the petroleum industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a drilling fluid additive to reduce friction and prevent corrosion in drilling operations.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is employed in the manufacturing of rubber gaskets and seals to enhance their durability and performance.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases find use in paper mills, where they lubricate equipment such as rollers and conveyors.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used in the maintenance of escalators and moving walkways to reduce friction and extend component life.
In the chemical industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized to lubricate pumps, valves, and agitators in corrosive environments.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricant for industrial fans, improving energy efficiency and reducing wear.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases are applied to chains and sprockets in the manufacturing of bicycles and motorcycles.
In the printing industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a release agent for printing presses, preventing paper jams and enhancing print quality.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricant for electric motor bearings, extending the lifespan of motors used in various applications.
Calcium sulfonate-based lubricants are used in the woodworking industry to reduce friction and wear on cutting tools.
In the automotive aftermarket, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a chassis lubricant to protect suspension components and steering linkages.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is applied to conveyor belts in material handling systems to reduce friction and prevent premature wear.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized in the maintenance of roller coasters and amusement park rides.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricant for agricultural equipment, including tractors and combines, in farming operations.
In the glass manufacturing industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a mold release agent for glassblowing and forming processes.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases find application in the maintenance of elevators and escalators in commercial and residential buildings.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a lubricant for precision instruments and mechanical watches to ensure accuracy and longevity.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a release agent for plastic injection molding, facilitating the production of plastic parts.
In the automotive repair industry, it is applied to suspension components during alignment and maintenance procedures.

Calcium sulfonate-based lubricants are used in the maintenance of water treatment plants to protect pumps and valves.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricating agent for garage door opener mechanisms, ensuring smooth operation.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is employed in the maintenance of conveyor systems in airports, facilitating baggage handling and logistics.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized in the mining industry to lubricate underground drilling equipment, ensuring smooth and efficient drilling operations.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricant and corrosion inhibitor in the maintenance of industrial pumps, extending their service life.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases are used in the railway sector to lubricate rail joints and switches, reducing friction and wear.
In the manufacturing of steel cables and wire ropes, it is applied as a corrosion-resistant coating to enhance durability.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) finds use in the assembly and maintenance of marine engines, protecting vital components from corrosion.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is employed in the production of high-performance greases for marine applications, including boat trailer wheel bearings.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricant for the moving parts of amusement park rides, ensuring safe and smooth operation.

In the aerospace industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a corrosion inhibitor and lubricant for aircraft landing gear and hydraulic systems.
Calcium sulfonate-based lubricants are applied in the maintenance of industrial compressors, reducing friction and wear on critical components.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used in the formulation of lubricants for precision machinery, such as CNC machines and robotics.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricant for conveyor chains in the food and beverage industry, where cleanliness is crucial.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases are applied to bakery equipment, including ovens and mixers, for reliable and food-safe lubrication.
In the textile manufacturing sector, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used to lubricate looms and spinning frames, improving productivity.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) finds application in the automotive assembly process, where it serves as an assembly aid for rubber and plastic components.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is utilized in the maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities, protecting pumps and valves.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is applied as a release agent in the production of molded plastic parts for various industries, including automotive and electronics.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricant for the moving parts of printing presses, ensuring consistent print quality.
In the forestry industry, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as a lubricating agent for chainsaws, reducing friction and wear on cutting chains.
Calcium sulfonate-based lubricants are applied to the tracks and mechanisms of construction equipment, such as bulldozers and excavators.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) finds use in the maintenance of industrial dryers, ensuring smooth and efficient drying processes.
In the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector, Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) serves as a lubricant for tablet presses, facilitating tablet production.

DESCRIPTION

Calcium sulfonate, also known as calcium petroleum sulfonate, is a complex chemical compound that belongs to a class of compounds known as sulfonates.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is typically produced by sulfonating a mixture of petroleum-based products and then neutralizing the resulting sulfonic acids with calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide.
The chemical formula for Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) can vary depending on the specific petroleum feedstock and manufacturing process, but it is commonly represented as Ca(CnH2n+1SO3)2, where n represents the hydrocarbon chain length.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) compounds are versatile and find use in various applications, including as lubricating oil additives, rust and corrosion inhibitors, and even as components in some types of greases.
They are valued for their excellent detergency, water resistance, and high-temperature stability, making them suitable for demanding industrial and automotive applications.
These compounds help to improve the lubricating properties of oils, protect metal surfaces from corrosion, and enhance the overall performance of lubricants and greases.

Calcium sulfonate, also known as calcium petroleum sulfonate, is a versatile chemical compound with multiple industrial applications.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is synthesized through the sulfonation of petroleum-based products and subsequent neutralization with calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) molecules consist of a calcium ion (Ca2+) coordinated with sulfonate groups (-SO3-) and hydrocarbon chains.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is recognized for its exceptional detergency, which makes it a valuable ingredient in lubricating oils and greases.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) is used as an additive in various lubricants to enhance their performance, particularly in harsh operating conditions.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) additives are known for their excellent resistance to water washout, making them suitable for marine and off-shore applications.
They offer superior rust and corrosion protection to metal surfaces, extending the life of equipment and machinery.

These compounds exhibit high-temperature stability, making them effective in high-heat environments, such as engine oils.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases are commonly used in the automotive industry to lubricate wheel bearings and chassis components.

The detergent properties of Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) help disperse and suspend contaminants in lubricating oils, preventing sludge and deposits.
They are employed in industrial gear oils to reduce friction, wear, and heat generation in gearboxes and transmissions.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) additives can improve the longevity of engine oils by reducing wear and minimizing the formation of varnish and deposits.
They are compatible with a wide range of base oils, including mineral oils, synthetic oils, and biodegradable oils.

Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) greases are resistant to oxidation and can maintain their performance over extended periods.
In the petrochemical industry, calcium sulfonate-based lubricants are used in equipment exposed to corrosive and harsh conditions.

These compounds have applications in the marine sector, where they protect shipboard equipment from saltwater corrosion.
Calcium sulfonate (Calcium petroleum sulfonate) additives are employed in the steel industry to enhance the lubricity of rolling mill oils.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person from the contaminated area to an area with fresh air.
If the individual is having difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.
Provide artificial respiration if the person has stopped breathing, and administer oxygen if available and trained to do so.
Keep the affected person at rest in a comfortable position and provide reassurance.

Skin Contact:

If calcium sulfonate comes into contact with the skin, remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of lukewarm water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes to remove any residual substance.
Seek medical attention if skin irritation, redness, or other adverse reactions persist or worsen.
Avoid using abrasive materials or harsh chemicals during the washing process, as they may exacerbate skin irritation.

Eye Contact:

If calcium sulfonate gets into the eyes, immediately rinse the affected eye(s) with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes while keeping the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove any contact lenses if present and easy to do so, but continue rinsing the eye(s).
Seek immediate medical attention, even if irritation appears to be mild, as eye injuries can worsen over time.

Ingestion:

If calcium sulfonate is swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a medical professional.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water, but do not swallow any rinse water.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling calcium sulfonate or products containing it, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles or face shields, gloves, lab coats, and protective clothing, as required by workplace safety regulations.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the handling area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection if necessary to control airborne concentrations.

Prevent Skin Contact:
Avoid skin contact with calcium sulfonate.
In case of contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shields to protect against eye contact.
In case of eye contact, rinse eyes with copious amounts of lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, and seek medical attention.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling calcium sulfonate.
Avoid ingestion of the substance, and wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In the event of a spill, contain and absorb the material with inert absorbents like sand or vermiculite.
Avoid creating dust or generating airborne particles.
Dispose of spillage according to local regulations.

Respiratory Protection:
If working in an area with inadequate ventilation or potential airborne exposure, use appropriate respiratory protection, such as N95 respirators or higher-level respirators, following safety guidelines and training.

Storage:

Storage Containers:
Store calcium sulfonate in well-sealed containers that are resistant to chemical corrosion, such as plastic or stainless steel drums or containers.

Temperature:
Store calcium sulfonate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources to prevent degradation of the product.
Follow the manufacturer's recommended storage temperature range, if provided.

Separation:
Store calcium sulfonate away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents, to prevent chemical reactions.

Ventilation:
Ensure storage areas are adequately ventilated to prevent the buildup of any vapors or fumes.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the product name, hazard information, handling precautions, and a date of receipt or expiration if applicable.

Accessibility:
Store calcium sulfonate away from areas accessible to unauthorized personnel, especially in areas where children or pets could access the chemical.

Segregation:
If storing multiple chemicals, segregate calcium sulfonate from other chemicals to prevent accidental mixing or contamination.

Spill Containment:
Have spill containment measures, such as spill kits, available in the storage area to respond to spills promptly.

Regulatory Compliance:
Comply with all local, state, and federal regulations and guidelines related to the storage and handling of calcium sulfonate.
Familiarize yourself with Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for specific handling and storage recommendations.

SYNONYMS

Calcium Soap
Calcium Salt of Sulfonic Acid
Calcium Sulfonate Complex
Sulfonated Calcium Salt
Petrolatum Calcium Sulfonate
Calcium Sulfonate Grease
Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate
Calcium Alkaryl Sulfonate
Calcium Detergent Additive
Lubricating Grease Additive
Calcium Sulfonate Soap
Calcium Complex Soap
Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate
Calcium Salt of Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid
Petroleum Calcium Soap
Calcium Alkyl Sulfonate
Calcium Detergent Compound
Petroleum Sulfonate Calcium Salt
Calcium Sulfonate Thickener
Calcium Sulfonate Lubricant
Calcium Alkylaryl Sulfonate
Calcium Sulfonic Acid Salt
Calcium Sulfonate Corrosion Inhibitor
Calcium Sulfonate Complex Grease
Calcium Soap Grease Additive
Calcium Sulfonate Antiwear Additive
Calcium Sulfonate Corrosion Preventative
Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Complex
Calcium Sulfonate Rust Inhibitor
Calcium Alkaryl Sulfonate Detergent
Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Salt
Calcium Sulfonate Friction Modifier
Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate Grease Additive
Calcium Sulfonate Bearing Grease
Calcium Sulfonate EP Additive

Acetic acid, mercapto-, calcium salt (2:1); Calcium bis(mercaptoacetate); calcium bis(2-sulfanylacetate); Calcium Thioglycolate Trihydrate; calcium;2-sulfanylacetateCALCIUM THIOGLYCOLATE, N° CAS : 814-71-1, Nom INCI : CALCIUM THIOGLYCOLATE, Nom chimique : Calcium bis(mercaptoacetate), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 212-402-5. Dépilatoire : Enlève les poils indésirables, Kératolytique : Décolle et élimine les cellules mortes de la couche cornée de l'apiderme, Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène

CALCIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE, N° CAS : 60884-90-4, Nom INCI : CALCIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE, Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.

Carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) CAS NO:471-34-1

Amines, C16-18-alkyldimethyl 68390-97-6

Caprylic/Capric Methyl Ester cas no : 67762-39-4

Calcium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate; Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, calcium salt; Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt; Calcium N-dodecylbenzenesulfonate; Calcium alkylaromatic sulfonate; Calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate; Calcium bis(dodecylbenzenesulfonate); cas no: 26264-06-2

Formic acid calcium salt; Calcium diformate; Calcoform; Calciumdiformiat (German); Diformiato de calcio (Spanish); Diformiate de calcium (French); Mravencan vapenaty (Czech) CAS NO:544-17-2

D-gluconic acid, Calcium salt; D-Gluconic acid, monoscalcium salt; Calciofon; D-Gluconic acid, calcium salt (2:1); Glucobiogen; Neocalglucon; Gluconato de calcio; Gluconate de calcium CAS NO:299-28-5 (Anhydrous) 18016-24-5 (Hydrate)

SYNONYMS Calcium hypochloride; Hypochlorous acid calcium salt; Losantin; Hy-Chlor; Chlorinated lime; Lime chloride; Chloride of lime; Calcium oxychloride; Calciumhypochlorit (German); Hipoclorito de calcio (Spanish); Hypochlorite de calcium (French); Bleaching powder; Calcium chlorohydrochlorite; Calcium chlorohypochloride; Calcium hypochloride; Calcium hypochlorite; Calcium oxychloride; CAS NO. 7778-54-3

Calcium lignosulfonate; Lignosulfonic acid, calcium salt; Lignin calcium sulfonate; Calcium Lignin Sulfonate cas no: 8061-52-7

Calcium Nitrite; calcium dinitrite; Nitrous acid, calcium salt; Nitrous acid, calcium salt (2:1); CAS NO: 13780-06-8

cas no 5793-94-2 2-(1-carboxyethoxy)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl ester, calcium salt; calcium bis(2-{[2-(stearoyloxy)propanoyl]oxy}propanoate); calcium verate; calcium stearoyl lactylate; calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate; calcium stearyl-2-lactylate; calcium stelate; stearoyl-2-lactylic acid, calcium salt; calcium alpha-(alpha-(stearoyloxy)propionyloxy)propionate; calcium 2-(1-carboxyethoxy)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyloctadecanoate; stearic acid, ester with lactate of lactic acid, calcium salt; stearic acid ester with lactic acid bimol. ester calcium salt; calcium bis(2-(1-carboxylatoethoxy)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl) distearate;

Kalimate; Calcium polystyrene sulfonate; KMP-Ca; Calcium polystyrene sulfonate; Calcium salt of sulfonated styrene polymer; Benzenesulfonic acid, ethenyl-, homopolymer, calcium salt CAS NO: 37286-92-3

2-Camphanone; 2-camphonone; 2-Bornanone; 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone; 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one; Caladryl; 2-Kamfanon; 2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane; 2-Oxobornane; Huile de camphre (French); Kampfer ([German); 1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor CAS NO:76-22-2

Nom INCI : CANDELILLA WAX ESTERS Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Produit qui en contient

Camphor is a white, waxy organic compound that is incorporated in lotions, ointments, and creams.
Camphor is also an active ingredient that is integrated into a majority of over-the-counter medications for cold and cough relief.
Camphor is obtained from camphor tree wood, where the extract is processed through steam distillation.

CAS: 76-22-2
MF: C10H16O
MW: 152.23
EINECS: 200-945-0

Camphor has a pungent odor and a strong taste, and it can be absorbed into the skin easily.
Currently, synthetic Camphor is extracted from turpentine, and it is considered safe for use as long as appropriate indications are upheld.
Camphor was recorded in the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Pin Hui Jing Yao, Ben Cao Gang Mu, and Sheng Lian Fang.
There has been a long history for traditional Chinese medicine to use camphor.
A ketone occurring naturally in the wood of the cam- phor tree (Cinnamomum camphora).
A naturally- occurring white organic compound with a characteristic penetrating odor.
Camphor is a cyclic compound and a ketone, formerly obtained from the wood of the camphor tree but now made synthetically.

Camphor is used as a platicizer for celluloid and as an insecticide against clothes moths.
A white crystalline cyclicketone, C10H16O; r.d. 0.99; m.p.179°C; b.p. 204°C.
Camphor was formerly obtainedfrom the wood of the Formosancamphor tree, but can now besynthesized.
Camphor has acharacteristic odour associated withits use in mothballs.
Camphor is a plasticizerin celluloid.
A colorless or white colored crystalline powder with a strong mothball-like odor.
About the same density as water.
Emits flammable vapors above 150°F.
Used to make moth proofings, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings.

Camphor is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma.
Camphor is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone.
Camphor is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the kapur tree (Dryobalanops sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia.
Camphor also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis.
Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) contain 0.05 to 0.5% camphor, while camphorweed (Heterotheca) contains some 5%.
A major source of camphor in Asia is camphor basil (the parent of African blue basil).
Camphor can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine.

Camphor is chiral, existing in two possible enantiomers as shown in the structural diagrams.
The structure on the left is the naturally occurring (+)-camphor ((1R,4R)-bornan-2-one), while its mirror image shown on the right is the (−)-camphor ((1S,4S)-bornan-2-one).
Camphor has few uses but is of historic significance as a compound that is readily purified from natural sources.

Camphor Chemical Properties
Melting point: 175-177 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 204 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.992
Vapor density: 5.2 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 4 mm Hg ( 70 °C)
Refractive index: 1.5462 (estimate)
FEMA: 4513 | dl-CAMPHOR
Fp: 148 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Soluble in acetone, ethanol, diethylether, chloroform and acetic acid.
Form: neat
Color: White or Colorless
Odor: at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. camphoreous
Odor Type: camphoreous
Optical activity: [α]20/D +0.15 to -0.15°, c = 10% in ethanol
Explosive limit: 0.6-4.5%(V)
Water Solubility: 0.12 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Merck: 14,1732
JECFA Number: 2199
BRN: 1907611
Henry's Law Constant: (x 10-5 atm?m3/mol): 3.00 at 20 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure)
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 12 mg/m3 (2 ppm), STEL 18 mg/m3 (3 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 200 mg/m3 (NIOSH).
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, metallic salts, combustible materials, organics.
InChIKey: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-MHPPCMCBSA-N
LogP: 2.38
CAS DataBase Reference: 76-22-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Camphor(76-22-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Camphor (76-22-2)

Both optical isomers are found widely in nature, with (+)-camphor being the more abundant.
Camphor is, for example, the main component of oils obtained from the camphor tree C. camphora.
Camphor is produced by fractional distillation and crystallization of camphor oil or, synthetically, by dehydrogenation of isoborneol over a copper catalyst.
Due to its characteristic penetrating, slightly minty odor, camphor is only used in perfuming industrial products.
Camphor is far more important as a plasticizer.
Camphor, C1oH160, also known as d-2-camphanone, Japan camphor, laurel camphor,Formosa camphor,and gumcamphor,is a terpene ketone.

Camphor is colourless solid with a characteristic odour that is obtained from the wood and bark of the camphor tree and is soluble in water and alcohol.
Camphor has two optically active forms (dextro and levo) and an optically inactive mixture (racemic) of these two forms.
Camphor is used in pharmaceuticals,in disinfectants, in explosives,and to harden nitrocellulose plastics.
Colorless to white, flammable granules, crystals or waxy semi-solid with a strong, penetrating, fragrant or aromatic odor.
Odor threshold concentration is 0.27 ppm.

History
The research and development process of camphor has gone through from the natural product extraction to the modern chemical drug synthesis.
For a long time, the Chinese extracted camphor mainly from camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), root bark of bodinier cinnamon, and Yunnan camphor tree.
With the development of chemical industry, human beings started to use chemical synthesis methods to obtain a large amount of camphor.
At present, the chemical synthesis process of camphor in China has been well developed. The synthetic camphor is divided into industrial and pharmaceutical grades.
The industrial grade camphor has a content of up to 96% or higher, and the pharmaceutical grade camphor with high purity can meet the standard of pharmacopeia.

Uses
Camphor has a wide range of uses based on its anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial properties.
Camphor can be used for the treatment of certain skin conditions, enhance respiratory function and as a pain reliever.
Camphor may also be indicated for the treatment of low libido, muscle spasms, anxiety, depression, flatulence, and poor blood circulation, corns, symptoms of heart disease, cold sores, earaches, acne, and hair loss.
Camphor is considered effective for coughs, pain, skin irritation or itching relief, and osteoarthritis.
However, there is insufficient evidence that reinforces its effectiveness as a treatment for hemorrhoids, warts, and low blood pressure and as a remedy for insect bites.

Pharmacology
Camphor is toxic to human.
Overdose of camphor can cause irritability, drowsiness, muscle spasms, vomiting, convulsions, epilepsy, and other symptoms.
The lethal dose of camphor is 50–500 mg/kg (oral administration).
In general, 2 g of camphor can cause serious toxicity, and 4 g of camphor will produce fatal toxicity.
Camphor can cause a cold sensation similar to mint when applied to human skin.
In addition, Camphor has a slightly local anesthetic effect.
Camphor can act on the gastrointestinal mucosa to produce a certain degree of stimulating effect.

An appropriate dose of camphor can make people feel warm and comfortable in the stomach, but high dose of camphor will cause nausea and vomiting reaction.
The effect of camphor on the central nervous system is obvious.
Camphor can act on the motor area of cerebral cortex and brain stem to produce the epilepsy-like seizures.
Camphor is generally believed that camphor may have some therapeutic effects on patients with acute heart failure or recurrent collapse.
A low dose (50 mg) may treat mild heart fatigue and other illnesses.
The oxidized camphor metabolite has a more obvious cardiotonic, hypertensive, and respiratory excitement effects.

Camphor can be absorbed by the body after oral administration easily through the mucous, subcutaneous, and muscle.
The in vivo metabolism of camphor occurs mainly in the liver.
Camphor is firstly oxidized into camphorol and then goes through phase II metabolism to produce glucuronide conjugate with glucuronic acid.
Finally, the vast majority of glucuronide conjugate is excreted from the urine.

Dosage
The topical dose of camphor is 3-11% as an ointment.
For skin irritation, itching and pain, 3-11% of the ointment should be applied to the skin 3-4times per day.
For coughs and cold relief, a dense layer of 4.7-5.3% of Camphor ointment can be spread evenly onto the chest.
For Osteoarthritis, a topical combination comprising 32mg/g of camphor, 50mg/g of chondroitin sulfate, and 30mg/g of glucosamine sulfate can be applied based on one’s requirements for about 8 weeks.
To relieve respiratory congestion through inhalation, 1 tablespoon of Camphor for every quart of water should be placed in a vaporizer 3 times per day.
The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that Camphor should not exceed 11% for topical products and disqualifies the oral use of camphor in children as it may result in toxicity and death.

dl-Camphor is used as a plasticizer for celluloseesters and ethers; in the manufacture ofplastics and cymene; in cosmetics, lacquers,medicine, explosives, and pyrotechnics; andas a moth repellent.
Camphor is credited with anesthetic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, cooling, and refreshing properties, and thought to be slightly stimulating to blood circulation and function.
Once absorbed by the subcutaneous tissue, Camphor combines in the body with glucoronic acid and is released through the urine.
Camphor is effective for oily and acne skin treatment, and has a scent similar to eucalyptus.
In high concentrations, Camphor can be an irritant and numb the peripheral sensory nerves.
Natural camphor is derived from an evergreen tree indigenous to Asia, although now its synthetic substitute is often used.

Interactions
There are no known mild, moderate or severe drug interactions associated with Camphor.
However, if a doctor or pharmacist suggests that one can use camphor while on certain medications, then they are aware of potential drug interactions and they could be putting the patient on observation.
One should always notify their doctor or pharmacist if they have health concerns or questions related to camphor.

Side Effects
Common side effects associated with Camphor include skin irritation and redness, burning sensation in the throat and mouth, vomiting, nausea, Lip dryness, rashes, eczema, seizures, respiratory issues, toxicity, scalp issues and chest problems.
In pregnant or lactating mothers, camphor may result in physical and neurological damage to the developing fetus as Camphor can be absorbed through the placenta.
Camphor can also be absorbed through the skin hence it can contaminate milk in lactating women.
Camphor is considered exceptionally harmful for people with Parkinson’s disease as it interacts negatively with medications for Parkinson and it can result in high toxicity levels.

Health Hazard
Vapors of camphor can irritate the eyes, nose,and throat.
In humans, such irritation may be felt at >3 ppm concentration.
Prolongedexposure can cause headache, dizziness, andloss of sense of smell.
Ingestion can causeheadache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea,and at high dosages can lead to convulsion,dyspnea, and coma.
High dosages can beharmful to gastrointestinal tracts, kidney,and brain.
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard
Flammable/combustible material.
May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.
Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.
Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point.
May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

Production
Natural camphor
Camphor has been produced as a forest product for centuries, condensed from the vapor given off by the roasting of wood chips cut from the relevant trees, and later by passing steam through the pulverized wood and condensing the vapors.
By the early 19th century most camphor tree reserves had been depleted with the remaining large stands in Japan and Taiwan, with Taiwanese production greatly exceeding Japanese.
Camphor was one of the primary resources extracted by Taiwan's colonial powers as well as one of the most lucrative.

First the Chinese and then the Japanese established monopolies on Taiwanese camphor.
In 1868, a British naval force sailed into Anping harbor and the local British representative demanded the end of the Chinese camphor monopoly.
After the local imperial representative refused, the British bombarded the town and took the harbor.
The "camphor regulations" negotiated between the two sides subsequently saw a brief end to the camphor monopoly.

Synthetic camphor
Camphor is produced from alpha-pinene, which is abundant in the oils of coniferous trees and can be distilled from turpentine produced as a side product of chemical pulping.
With acetic acid as the solvent and with catalysis by a strong acid, alpha-pinene is converted to isobornyl acetate.
Hydrolysis of this ester gives isoborneol which can be oxidized to give racemic camphor.
By contrast, camphor occurs naturally as D-camphor, the (R)-enantiomer.

Synonyms
camphor
DL-Camphor
76-22-2
2-Camphanone
2-Bornanone
(+/-)-Camphor
Bornan-2-one
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
(+)-Camphor
21368-68-3
Alphanon
Kampfer
D-CAMPHOR
Formosa camphor
Laurel camphor
Matricaria camphor
Camphor, synthetic
Bornane, 2-oxo-
1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor
464-48-2
Japan camphor
2-Camphonone
Huile de camphre
2-Kamfanon
l-(-)-Camphor
DL-Bornan-2-one
2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane
Caswell No. 155
D-(+)-Camphor
Norcamphor, 1,7,7-trimethyl-
Zang Qi
Kampfer [German]
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone
HSDB 37
2-Kamfanon [Czech]
DTXSID5030955
CHEBI:36773
Camphor, (1R,4R)-(+)-
4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
(1R)-(+)-amphor
Camphor (synthetic)
Camphor, (+/-)-
EINECS 200-945-0
EINECS 244-350-4
Huile de camphre [French]
UNII-5TJD82A1ET
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 015602
BRN 1907611
BRN 3196099
Alcanfor
SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR
AI3-18783
Japanese camphor
DTXCID3010955
Camphor USP
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptanone
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one
d-2-Camphanone
d-2-Bornanone
Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-
Camphor (USP)
Camphor [USP]
(-)-Alcanfor
(1R)-Camphor
camphor, (synthetic)
EC 200-945-0
0-07-00-00135 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
4-07-00-00213 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Camphor Powder
(1RS,4RS)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one
Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)-
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)-
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)-
Formosa
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (.+/-.)-
EINECS 207-355-2
UN2717
(+-)-Camphor
AI3-01698
Camphor, (1R)-Isomer
Camphor, (+-)-Isomer
(+) - bornan - 2 - one
Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)-
racemic camphor
NSC26351
DisperseYellow3
EINECS 207-354-7
NA2717
NSC 26351
Camphor, natural
bornan-2-on
DL-2-Bornanone
Kamfer (syntetisk)
()-Camphor
Heet (Salt/Mix)
dextro,laevo-camphor
Sarna (Salt/Mix)
Camphor - Synthetic
(?)-Camphor
bornan - 2 - one
dl-Camphor (JP17)
CPO (CHRIS Code)
(.+/-.)-Camphor
D0H1QY
UNII-SV6B76DK9N
Camphor Powder - Synthetic
SCHEMBL16068
Camphor, (.+/-.)-
Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1theta)-
MLS001055495
CHEMBL15768
DivK1c_000724
CAMPHOR, (+-)-
GTPL2422
HMS502E06
KBio1_000724
NINDS_000724
HMS2268A06
HMS3885J06
8008-51-3
HY-N0808
Tox21_200237
BBL012963
LS-126
MFCD00074738
s3851
s4516
STK803534
( inverted exclamation markA)-Camphor
AKOS000118728
AKOS022060577
AC-5284
CCG-266237
CCG-266238
DB14156
LMPR0102120001
LS-1691
UN 2717
CAS-76-22-2
IDI1_000724
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 015602
NCGC00090681-05
NCGC00090730-01
NCGC00090730-02
NCGC00090730-05
NCGC00257791-01
AC-15523
LS-48718
SMR000386909
VS-03622
(1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylnorbornan-2-one
C1251
CS-0009813
FT-0607017
FT-0607018
FT-0608303
4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanone
EN300-19186
1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-one
C00809
C18369
D00098
E75814
1,7,7-Trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
Camphor, synthetic [UN2717] [Flammable solid]
A838646
Q181559
Biciclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ona, 1,7,7-trimetil-
Q-200784
W-109539
W-110530
(+/-)-1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-one
F0001-0763
Z104473074
CAMPHOR (SEE ALSO DL-CAMPHOR (21368-68-3) AND D-CAMPHOR (464-49-3))
DL-CAMPHOR (SEE ALSO D-CAMPHOR (464-49-3) AND DL-CAMPHOR (21368-68-3))

Camphor is a waxy, scented substance derived from the wood of the camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora, an evergreen tree native to Asia.
Camphor (/ˈkæmfər/) is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma.

CAS Number: 76-22-2
464-49-3 (R)
464-48-2 (S)
EC Number: 200-945-0
MDL Number: MFCD00074738
Scientific Name: Cinnamomum camphora
Chemical formula: C10H16O

Camphor belongs to a group of organic compounds defined as terpenoid ketones.
The structure and the reactions peculiar to Camphor were important problems of 19th-century organic chemistry.
The pure Camphor is a white, waxy solid that melts at about 178°–179° C (352°–354° F).

Camphor is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone.
Camphor is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the kapur tree (Dryobalanops sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia.

Camphor also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis.
Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) contain 0.05 to 0.5% camphor, while camphorweed (Heterotheca) contains some 5%.
A major source of camphor in Asia is camphor basil (the parent of African blue basil).

Camphor can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine.
Camphor is chiral, existing in two possible enantiomers as shown in the structural diagrams.
The structure on the left is the naturally occurring (+)-camphor ((1R,4R)-bornan-2-one), while its mirror image shown on the right is the (−)-camphor ((1S,4S)-bornan-2-one).

Camphor has few uses but is of historic significance as a compound that is readily purified from natural sources.
Camphor is a chemical that used to be made by distilling the bark and wood of the camphor tree.
Today, camphor is usually made from turpentine oil.

Camphor has a very distinct smell.
Camphor seems to stimulate nerves and help with symptoms such as pain and itching.
In the nose, camphor seems to create a cold sensation so that breathing feels easier.

Camphor products include camphorated oil or camphorated spirits.
Camphor is a powder that originally came from the bark and wood of the camphor tree.
Today, most camphor is synthetic.

Camphor's in some products that are applied to the skin, including FDA-approved treatments.
Camphor, an organic compound of penetrating, somewhat musty aroma, used for many centuries as a component of incense and as a medicinal.
Modern uses of camphor have been as a plasticizer for cellulose nitrate and as an insect repellent, particularly for moths.

The molecular formula of Camphor is C10H16O.
Camphor occurs in the camphor laurel, Cinnamomum camphora, common in China, Taiwan, and Japan.
It is isolated by passing steam through the pulverized wood and condensing the vapours; camphor crystallizes from the oily portion of the distillate and is purified by pressing and sublimation.

Since the early 1930s camphor has been made by several processes from the compound α-pinene.
Camphor has a strong odor and taste and is easily absorbed through the skin.
Camphor is currently made out of turpentine, but it’s still safe to use as long as you use it correctly.

Camphor has the potential for side effects, especially if you use it in high doses.
Camphor appears as a colorless or white colored crystalline powder with a strong mothball-like odor.
Camphor is about the same density as water.

Camphor is a cyclic monoterpene ketone that is bornane bearing an oxo substituent at position 2.
Camphor is a naturally occurring monoterpenoid.
Camphor has a role as a plant metabolite.

Camphor is a bornane monoterpenoid and a cyclic monoterpene ketone.
Camphor is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available.
Camphor (CAS 464-48-2) is a white or transparent, waxy substance that has been used for centuries for its medicinal features, in religious rituals, and in cooking.

Camphor is a white or transparent, waxy substance found in the wood of the camphor laurel and other trees in Asia and Borneo.
Camphor is also produced synthetically from turpentine oil.
Camphor oil is aromatic and absorbed through the skin.

Camphor can provide various health benefits, including pain relief and the easing of skin irritation.
Camphor oil is extracted from the wood of camphor trees, known scientifically as Cinnamomum camphora, and it has a strong aroma.
Camphor can also be synthesized from turpentine.

Camphor is a white crystalline compound derived from the wood of Cinnamomum camphora.
One of the most important properties of Camphor is its strong odour and pungent taste.
Camphor is obtained by the process of steam distillation, purification, and sublimation of bark and wood of Cinnamomum camphora.

Camphor (alcanfor in Spanish) is a white solid with a strong, fragrant odor.
Camphor is a naturally occurring terpene found in trees in the laurel family (Lauraceae), notably camphor laurel, or Cinnamomum camphora, that is native to east and south Asia and now grows worldwide.

Camphor can exist in two enantiomers: (+)- or (R)-camphor (shown), the predominant natural isomer, and (–)-or (S)-camphor1, which occurs in sand sage (Artemisia filifolia), a flowering plant native to the western United States.
Synthetic camphor is usually a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers.

Camphor is a waxy, scented substance derived from the wood of the camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora, an evergreen tree native to Asia.
Camphor is a white substance with a strong odor that is commonly used in topical ointments and gels used for cough suppression and muscle aches.
Camphor is a strong-smelling volatile white solid essential oil obtained from two genera of the camphor tree and used from ancient times in Persia as an aromatic with antiseptic and insect-repelling properties.

The medicinal virtues of camphor were discovered later in the Islamic period.
Camphor, also known as “Kapur” is a crystal-like, white compound with a strong pungent aroma and taste.
Camphor is derived from the wood of the camphor plant (Cinnamomum camphora).

USES and APPLICATIONS of CAMPHOR:
In the 20th century, camphor was used as an analeptic by injection, and to induce seizures in schizophrenic people in an attempt to treat psychosis.
Camphor has limited use in veterinary medicine by intramuscular injection to treat breathing difficulties in horses.
The first significant manmade plastics were low-nitrogen (or "soluble") nitrocellulose (pyroxylin) plastics.

In the early decades of the plastics industry, camphor was used in immense quantities: as the plasticizer that creates celluloid from nitrocellulose, in nitrocellulose lacquers and other plastics and lacquers.
Alternative medicine and scent: Camphor has been used for its scent, as an embalming fluid, as topical medication, as a manufacturing chemical, and in religious ceremonies.

Recent studies have indicated that camphor essential oil can be used as an effective fumigant against red fire ants, as it affects the attacking, climbing, and feeding behavior of major and minor workers.
Camphor is also used as an antimicrobial substance.

In embalming, camphor oil was one of the ingredients used by ancient Egyptians for mummification.
Solid camphor releases fumes that form a rust-preventative coating and is therefore stored in tool chests to protect tools against rust.
Camphor is also FDA-approved skin treatment for pain from bug bites, cold sores, and mild burns.

Camphor may help with itching.
There's some evidence that a cream containing camphor as well as two other ingredients may help with osteoarthritis symptoms.
There's no standard dose for camphor.

Camphor used to be made by distilling the bark and wood of the camphor tree.
Today, camphor is usually manufactured from turpentine oil.
Camphor is used in products such as Vicks VapoRub.

Camphor products can be rubbed on the skin (topical application) or inhaled.
People apply camphor to the skin to relieve pain and reduce itching.
Camphor has also been used to treat toenail fungus, warts, insect bites, cold sores, hemorrhoids, and osteoarthritis.

Camphor is applied to the skin to increase local blood flow and as a "counterirritant," which reduces pain and swelling by causing irritation.
Some people apply camphor to the skin to treat diseases of the airway and to treat heart symptoms.
Camphor is also applied as an eardrop and for treating minor burns.

It is important not to apply camphor to broken skin, because it can enter the body quickly and reach concentrations that are high enough to cause poisoning.
Some people inhale camphor to reduce the urge to cough.
Camphor is a well-established folk remedy, and is commonly used.

Camphor is FDA-approved as a chest rub in concentrations less than 11%.
Camphor is FDA-approved for use on the skin as a painkiller in concentrations of 3% to 11%.
Camphor is used in many rub-on products to reduce pain related to cold sores, insect stings and bites, minor burns, and hemorrhoids.

Camphor is FDA-approved for use on the skin to help itching or irritation in concentrations of 3% to 11%.
People use camphor for cough, pain, and itching.
Camphor is also used for insect bites, acne, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses.

Camphor's a common ingredient in remedies applied to the skin for cough and skin irritation.
Camphor has a wide variety of topical uses due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Camphor can be used to treat skin conditions, improve respiratory function, and relieve pain.

Continue reading to learn more about the different uses for camphor and its supporting scientific evidence.
Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) is a terpene (organic compound) that’s commonly used in creams, ointments, and lotions. Camphor oil is the oil extracted from the wood of camphor trees and processed by steam distillation.

Camphor can be used topically to relieve pain, irritation, and itching.
Camphor is also used to relieve chest congestion and inflammatory conditions.
Camphor relieves congestion and coughing: Camphor oil works as a decongestant and cough suppressant.

Other uses of Camphor: Scientific research is limited for some of the purported uses for camphor and the evidence is largely anecdotal.
Camphor oil may also be used to treat: hair loss, acne, warts, earaches, cold sores, hemorrhoids, heart disease symptoms, poor blood circulation, flatulence, anxiety, depression, muscle spasms, and low libido.

Camphor is used to make moth proofings, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings.
Camphor is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.
Camphor has a variety of uses including being used as: an industrial plasticizer; an insect repellants; food and beverage flavoring; and medicinally as an antipruritic, mild analgesic, and counterirritant.

Ingestion is the most common route of both intentional and unintentional exposures
Camphor acts as a central nervous system stimulant that can cause generalized seizures.
Supportive care is the mainstay of therapy for intoxication by camphor.

Camphor is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially Cinnamomum camphora.
Camphor is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.
The FDA ruled that camphorated oil could not be marketed in the United States and that no product could contain a concentration higher than 11%.

However, camphor can be found in several nonprescription medications at lower concentrations.
Camphor comes in many chemical varieties, each having different compositions of essential oils.
The main component of the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora is Camphor.

Camphorcontains other components like linalool, eugenol, safrole, cineol, ÃŸ-myrecene, nerolidol, camphene, and borneol.
Throughout the world, Camphor has been used for centuries for treating a variety of ailments.
There are many reported uses for camphor, including to treat colds and congestion, to protect against illness, for pest control, as an air freshener, and in religious ceremonies.

Camphor preparations have been used both internally and externally for a variety of ailments, ranging from respiratory problems to rheumatic pain.
The principal use of camphor is to reduce coughs.
The plant contains substances, which upon contact with water, form a protective layer that covers the lining of the upper respiratory system, thus reducing mechanical irritation and preventing the cough reflex.

Teas are sometimes ingested to remove secretions from the upper respiratory tract, but this form of application is not recommended, due to Camphor’s potential toxicity.
The therapeutic dose closely approximates the toxic dose.

Camphor has been used in folk medicine for centuries.
Camphor, with its familiar, penetrating odor, has a wide range of uses, including as a plasticizer for modified celluloses; in lacquers, varnishes, and plastics; as a moth repellent alternative to p-dichlorobenzene; and as a preservative in cosmetics and embalming fluids.

In medicine, Camphor is an ingredient in topical creams and ointments to treat itching, irritation, and joint pain; and it is used internally to prevent or relieve gas in the gastrointestinal tract.
Camphor is an aromatic flammable substance originally distilled from the bark and wood of the camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora, but now produced primarily from turpentine oil.

Camphor is used as an active ingredient in ointments, camphorated oils and gels, which are topically applied on the skin to relieve local itching (pruritus) or pain, applied on the chest or throat to relieve cough and congestion, or added to steam inhalations to relieve cough.
Camphor works by counterirritation.

Camphor initially irritates the nerve endings under the skin or mucous membranes, but continued exposure desensitizes the nerve endings and decreases their sensitivity to pain and itching, and reduces the urge to cough when inhaled.
Camphor has traditionally been used as an ingredient in many over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold remedies, for fragrance in cosmetics and perfumes, and as a flavoring agent in food.

Camphor balls are used as insect repellents and camphor was used as a fumigant during the Black Death, a plague that spread through Europe in the 14th century.
In India, camphor pellets are burnt in temples during religious rituals.
Camphor is often used for its therapeutic benefits and in Spiritual practices as well.

-Antispasmodic uses of Camphor:
Camphor products may also be used as a muscle rub. It may help to relieve muscle cramps, spasms, and stiffness.
A 2004 study found that camphor has antispasmodic and relaxant properties.

-Camphor cubes:
Camphor has been used as a folk medicine over centuries, probably most commonly as a decongestant.
Camphor was used in ancient Sumatra to treat sprains, swellings, and inflammation.
Camphor also was used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine for various purposes.
In Europe, camphor was used after the Black Death era.

-Camphor treats toenail fungus:
The antifungal properties of camphor make it beneficial in treating toenail fungus.
Research from 2011 found that using Vicks VapoRub, which contains camphor as well as menthol and eucalyptus oil, was effective in treating toenail fungus.

-Other niche uses of Camphor:
Camphor is used by marksmen to blacken the front and rear sights of rifles to prevent the sights from reflecting.
This is done by setting light to a small amount of camphor, which burns at a relatively low temperature, and using the soot rising from the flame to deposit a coating on a surface held above it.
Historically, this soot blackening was also used to coat Barograph record charts.

-Pest deterrent and preservative uses of Camphor:
Camphor is believed to be toxic to insects and is thus sometimes used as a repellent.
Camphor is used as an alternative to mothballs.
Camphor crystals are sometimes used to prevent damage to insect collections by other small insects.
Camphor is kept in clothes used on special occasions and festivals, and also in cupboard corners as a cockroach repellent.
The smoke of camphor crystal or camphor incense sticks can be used as an environmentally-friendly mosquito repellent.

-Perfume uses of Camphor:
In the ancient Arab world, camphor was a common perfume ingredient.
The Chinese referred to the best camphor as "dragon's brain perfume", due to its "pungent and portentous aroma" and "centuries of uncertainty over its provenance and mode of origin".

-Culinary uses of Camphor:
One of the earliest known recipes for ice cream dating to the Tang dynasty includes camphor as an ingredient.
Camphor was used to flavor leavened bread in ancient Egypt.
In ancient and medieval Europe, camphor was used as an ingredient in sweets.
Camphor was used in a wide variety of both savory and sweet dishes in medieval Arabic language cookbooks, such as al-Kitab al-Ṭabikh compiled by ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq in the 10th century.

Camphor also was used in sweet and savory dishes in the Ni'matnama, according to a book written in the late 15th century for the sultans of Mandu.
Camphor is a main constituent of a spice known as "edible camphor" (or kapur), which may be used in traditional South Indian desserts like Payasam and Chakkarai Pongal.

-Topical medication uses of Camphor:
Camphor is commonly applied as a topical medication as a skin cream or ointment to relieve itching from insect bites, minor skin irritation, or joint pain.
It is absorbed in the skin epidermis, where Camphor stimulates nerve endings sensitive to heat and cold, producing a warm sensation when vigorously applied, or a cool sensation when applied gently, indicating its properties as a counterirritant.
The action on nerve endings also induces a slight local analgesia.

-Respiratory aerosol uses of Camphor:
Camphor is also used via an aerosol, typically by steam inhalation, sometimes in the form of branded nasal inhaler sticks, to inhibit coughing and relieve upper airway congestion due to the common cold.

-Treats arthritis uses of Camphor:
Camphor products such as Icy Hot and Biofreeze may be effective in relieving pain, inflammation, and swelling due to arthritis.
The hot or cold sensations that arise after application of these creams may distract you from the pain.
Camphor has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in animal models that are useful in treating arthritis.
To use, apply the camphor cream to any affected areas several times per day.

-Heals burns:
Camphor balms and creams can be used to heal burn wounds.
A 2018 animal study found that an ointment containing camphor, sesame oil, and honey decreased the healing time for second-degree burn wounds and was found to be more beneficial than using Vaseline.
To use of Camphor, apply an ointment to the affected area once a day.

-Relieves pain:
Applying camphor to the skin helps to relieve pain and inflammation. A small 2015 study found that a spray containing natural ingredients such as camphor, menthol, and essential oils of clove and eucalyptus was effective in relieving mild to moderate pain.
The spray was applied to the joints, shoulders, and lower back for a period of 14 days.
You may feel a tingling, warming, or cooling sensation when you use camphor products.
Apply a camphor spray or ointment to the affected area several times per day.

-Camphor for skin:
Lotions and creams containing camphor can be used to relieve skin irritation and itchiness and may help to improve the overall appearance of skin.
Camphor has antibacterial and antifungal properties that make it useful in healing infections.
A 2015 animal study found camphor to be effective in treating wounds and ultraviolet light-induced wrinkles, making it a potential ingredient in anti-aging cosmetics.
This may be due to Camphor's ability to increase elastin and collagen production.
Use a camphor cream on the area you’d like to treat at least once per day.

-Pain:
Camphor is a common ingredient in pain relief medications, including topical analgesics.
Camphor may help treat muscle aches and pains, while stimulating circulation, by interacting with receptors on the sensory nerves.
Camphor can also help reduce chronic muscle and joint pain over longer periods.
One 2016 study, for example, showed that Camphor helped relieve lower back pain.
With dual hot and cold action, Camphor numbs and cools nerve endings, then warms the painful area as it increases circulation to stiff joints and muscles.

-Coughs and congestion:
Camphor is popular in aromatherapy, as it helps relieve respiratory congestion.
Camphor also has antitussive properties that can help ease coughs in children and adults.
For these reasons, Camphor is an ingredient in common chest rubs sold over the counter.

-Potential Uses of Camphor for Treating Respiratory Problems:
Camphor may have decongestive properties and decreases inflammation in the lungs and throat.
might aid in managing nose blocks and treats congestion.
Camphor may work on the nerves and reduces cough by acting as a cough suppressant.
Camphor might be effective against several respiratory disorders.

-Potential Uses of Camphor for Managing Pain:
Camphor stimulates nerve endings that reduce symptoms like pain and itching when topically applied to the skin.
Camphor may also used for treating acute pain.
Camphor desensitises the nerve endings when applied to the skin and gives a warm sensation.
Camphor is also helpful in relieving the pain in muscles and joints.
However, more research is required to prove such effects of camphor for management of pain.
It is advisable to take the doctors advice before consuming camphor.

-Potential Uses of Camphor for Skin:
Camphor is used on the skin to relieve itching.
Camphor leaves may be used in the management of conditions characterised by allergic skin inflammation like atopic dermatitis.
Camphor has anti-inflammatory activity and it might help to reduce the level of serum immunoglobulin E.

-Potential Uses of Camphor for Managing Osteoarthritis:
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the wearing away of the protective cartilage that cushions the edges of bones.
Camphor might be used with glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate to reduce pain associated with osteoarthritis.
When applied locally, Camphor can help ease the joint pain associated with arthritis.
However there are insufficient studies that validate this effect of camphor on humans.
Thus you must follow precautions and guidelines given by a doctor before using camphor.

-Potential Uses of Camphor for Preventing Low Blood Pressure:
A study found that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased using a mixture of camphor and hawthorn extract (korodin).
Korodin might be a safe and effective treatment for hypotension (low blood pressure).
However, the ideal dose and duration of treatment are still not clear.
Thus, for dosage and form of camphor safe for humans must be taken under doctor’s supervision.

-Suggested topical uses of camphor include:
*Minor pains and itching from insect bites, minor burns and scrapes, and itching and rash from poison ivy, poison oak or sumac.
*Warts and cold sores
*Muscle aches
*Joint aches
*Backache
*Cough and congestion (also as steam inhalations)

-Camphor Uses In Ayurveda:
In the ancient science of Ayurveda, it is also referred to as Chandrabhasma (moon powder).
As per Ayurvedic text “Raj Nighantu”, there are about 14 different types of Karpura (Kapur), out of those, Bhimseni Karpura is one the best variant for the therapeutic purposes.
Camphor is light (laghu), sheet virya (cooling in nature), ruksha (drying properties), bitter, pungent and sweet in taste, helps in balancing Pitta and Kapha Dosha easily.
Camphor is a rare herb that despite being a coolant, balances Kapha Dosha, and reduces fat and balances Vata induced pains and aches.

PROPERTIES OF CAMPHOR:
Camphor may have may different beneficial properties like:
*Camphor may show antiseptic activity
*Camphor may have antipruritic (used to relieve itching) property
*Camphor may have analgesic (relief from topical pain) property
*Camphor may show anti-inflammatory activity
*Camphor may demonstrate expectorant (secretion of sputum) property
*Camphor may be anti-infective properties
*Camphor may have anticancer activity
*Camphor may have antispasmodic property
*Camphor may have antifungal property

RELIGIOUS RITES OF CAMPHOR:
Camphor is widely used in Hindu religious ceremonies.
Aarti is performed after placing it on a stand and setting fire to it usually as the last step of puja.
Camphor is mentioned in the Quran as being the fragrance of wine given to believers in heaven.

BENEFITS OF CAMPHOR:
Camphor benefits in various concerns.
Camphor helps to control the inflammation and adds a soothing effect on the body.
Camphor has a healing effect on the skin.
Due to its cooling and soothing effect, Camphor controls skin outbreaks or rashes when applied locally over the affected area.
Camphor effectively treats acne and acne scars, when used along with coconut oil or olive oil.

HOW TO USE CAMPHOR?
Camphor can be used in different forms like:
*Camphor balm
*Camphor oil
*Camphor cream

WHAT DO THE DIFFERENT COLORS MEAN?
There are four grades and colors of camphor oil:
*White: This is the only type used in therapeutic applications.
Despite the name, Camphor is clear or very slightly milky in liquid form.
*Brown and yellow: Both are toxic, containing high levels of the natural plant constituent safrole.
*Blue: Another toxic color grade.
A person should only use camphor oil that is clear or very pale.

WHAT IS CAMPHOR OIL USED FOR?
Camphor oil has a variety of uses.
Camphor has anti-inflammatory properties and is often an ingredient in vapor rubs, liniments, and balms.
Many people use Camphor to relieve irritation, itching, and pain.
As an ingredient in different products, Camphor can also help ease inflammatory conditions and chest congestion.
In addition, camphor oil is popular in cooking, predominantly in India.

HOW DOES CAMPHOR WORK?
Camphor seems to stimulate nerve endings that relieve symptoms such as pain and itching when applied to the skin.
Camphor is also active against fungi that cause infections in the toenails.
In the nose, camphor seems to create a cold sensation so that breathing feels easier.

WHY DO PEOPLE TAKE CAMPHOR?
Rubbing a camphor ointment on the throat and chest may help with cough.
Camphor's an FDA-approved ingredient in over-the-counter treatments such as vapor rubs.

PRODUCTION OF CAMPHOR:
NATURAL CAMPHOR:
Camphor has been produced as a forest product for centuries, condensed from the vapor given off by the roasting of wood chips cut from Camphora officinarum, and later by passing steam through the pulverized wood and condensing the vapors.
By the early 19th century most camphor tree reserves had been depleted with the remaining large stands in Japan and Taiwan, with Taiwanese production greatly exceeding Japanese.

Camphor was one of the primary resources extracted by Taiwan's colonial powers as well as one of the most lucrative.
First the Chinese and then the Japanese established monopolies on Taiwanese camphor.
In 1868, a British naval force sailed into Anping harbor and the local British representative demanded the end of the Chinese camphor monopoly.
After the local imperial representative refused, the British bombarded the town and took the harbor.
The "camphor regulations" negotiated between the two sides subsequently saw a brief end to the camphor monopoly.

SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR:
Camphor is produced from alpha-pinene, which is abundant in the oils of coniferous trees and can be distilled from turpentine produced as a side product of chemical pulping.
With acetic acid as the solvent and with catalysis by a strong acid, alpha-pinene is converted to isobornyl acetate.
Hydrolysis of this ester gives isoborneol which can be oxidized to give racemic camphor.
By contrast, camphor occurs naturally as D-camphor, the (R)-enantiomer.

REACTIONS OF CAMPHOR:
The reactions of camphor have been extensively examined.
Some representative transformations include
sulfonation:
oxidation with selenium dioxide to camphorquinone
Camphor can also be reduced to isoborneol using sodium borohydride.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF CAMPHOR:
Biosynthesis of camphor from geranyl pyrophosphate
Biosynthesis
In biosynthesis, camphor is produced from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of linaloyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, followed by hydrolysis to borneol and oxidation to camphor.

ETYMOLOGY OF CAMPHOR:
The word camphor derived in the 14th century from Old French: camphre, itself from Medieval Latin: camfora, from Arabic: كافور, romanized: kāfūr, perhaps through Sanskrit: कर्पूर, romanized: karpūra, apparently from Austronesian Malay: kapur 'lime' (chalk).
In Old Malay, camphor was called kapur barus, meaning "the chalk of Barus", referring to Barus, an ancient port near modern Sibolga on the western coast of Sumatra.
This port traded in camphor extracted from the Borneo camphor trees (Dryobalanops aromatica) that were abundant in the region.

HISTORY OF SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR:
When its use in the nascent chemical industries (discussed below) greatly increased the volume of demand in the late 19th century, potential for changes in supply and in price followed.

In 1911 Robert Kennedy Duncan, an industrial chemist and educator, related that the Imperial Japanese government had recently (1907–1908) tried to monopolize the production of natural camphor as a forest product in Asia but that the monopoly was prevented by the development of the total synthesis alternatives, which began in "purely academic and wholly uncommercial" form with Gustav Komppa's first report:

"... but it sealed the fate of the Japanese monopoly ...
For no sooner was it accomplished than it excited the attention of a new army of investigators—the industrial chemists.

The patent offices of the world were soon crowded with alleged commercial syntheses of camphor, and of the favored processes companies were formed to exploit them, factories resulted, and in the incredibly short time of two years after its academic synthesis artificial camphor, every whit as good as the natural product, entered the markets of the world ...

And yet artificial camphor does not—and cannot—displace the natural product to an extent sufficient to ruin the camphor-growing industry.
Its sole present and probable future function is to act as a permanent check to monopolization, to act as a balance-wheel to regulate prices within reasonable limits.

This ongoing check on price growth was confirmed in 1942 in a monograph on DuPont's history, where William S. Dutton said, "Indispensable in the manufacture of pyroxylin plastics, natural camphor imported from Formosa and selling normally for about 50 cents a pound, reached the high price of $3.75 in 1918 [amid the global trade disruption and high explosives demand that World War I created].

The organic chemists at DuPont replied by synthesizing camphor from the turpentine of southern US pine stumps, with the result that the price of industrial camphor sold in carload lots in 1939 was between 32 cents and 35 cents a pound.
The background of Gustaf Komppa's synthesis was as follows.

In the 19th century, it was known that nitric acid oxidizes camphor into camphoric acid.
Haller and Blanc published a semisynthesis of camphor from camphoric acid.
Although they demonstrated its structure, they were unable to prove it.

The first complete total synthesis of camphoric acid was published by Komppa in 1903.
Its inputs were diethyl oxalate and 3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, which reacted by Claisen condensation to yield diketocamphoric acid.
Methylation with methyl iodide and a complicated reduction procedure produced camphoric acid.
William Perkin published another synthesis a short time later.

Previously, some organic compounds (such as urea) had been synthesized in the laboratory as a proof of concept, but camphor was a scarce natural product with a worldwide demand.
Komppa realized this, and began industrial production of camphor in Tainionkoski, Finland, in 1907 (with plenty of competition, as Kennedy Duncan reported)

HOW IS CAMPHOR SOLD?
Camphor is sold as solid cubes or balls, as a balm or ointment, or in vapor-steam products.
All products containing camphor must be labeled with ingredients, directions for use, appropriate warnings, and manufacturer's information.
These products are sold in clear plastic packages and may have small colored stickers with pictures such as deer, bears, or boats.

CAMPHOR IN EARYL PERSIAN SOURCES:
The earliest mention of camphor in Persia is in the Pahlavi texts: the Bundahišn mentions kāpūr in a category of fragrant plants that also includes sandalwood, frankincense, cardamom, and wādrangbōy, and the author of the Ḵosrow ī kawādān ud rēdag-ē, comparing different scents with categories of people, says that “the scent of kāpūr is just like that of dastūr-ship.

However, it is the Šāh-nāma that is our most important source of information about camphor in pre-Islamic Persia.
Camphor was believed to have been brought by Jamšīd along with other aromatics, such as ben (bān), musk, aloes wood, ambergris, and rosewater, and the use of camphor is mentioned several times.

Camphor was a rare, precious exotic substance and was therefore valued as a gift worthy of sovereigns; as such it figures among the gifts sent by the emperor (faḡfūr) of China to Alexander, among the presents given by the king of India to the companions of Barām V Gōr, and among those sent by the rāy (raja) of India to Ḵosrow I Anōšīravān.

According to the Šāh-nāma, camphor and the other exotic aromatics (aloes wood, ambergris, and musk) were also employed to embalm the corpses of heroes and royal personages—a practice apparently in flagrant violation of the strict Zoroastrian rite of exposing the corpses to vultures and scavenging beasts.
According to the Šāh-nāma, the privileged corpses were superficially embalmed with camphor, etc., crowned with musk, wrapped in dībā (a kind of colored satin or silk brocade), then coffined and placed in protected daḵmas (death chambers).

This kind of funerary embalmment seems to have had the advantage of both observing the dignity of the dead and respecting the sanctity of the earth.
It is not improbable that the use of camphor in both the Islamic ablution of the dead (ḡosl al-mayyet) and the Imami ḥonūṭ or taḥnīṭ was influenced by Sasanian funerary practices.

The Persian sovereigns’ desire to possess large quantities of camphor is confirmed by Bīrūnī, who relates from “the chronicles of the Persians” (aḵbār al-fors) that the rich offerings of the king of India to Anōšīravān included “one thousand mans of aloes wood” and “ten mans of camphor like pistachio nuts or larger”; he also relates that the goods in the treasure house (named Bahār-e Ḵorram) of Ḵosrow II (Parvēz) at Ctesiphon included one hundred baskets, each containing one thousand musk bags and one hundred sacks of camphor.

When the Arabs entered Madāʾen (Ctesiphon) in 16/637, they found a lot of camphor, which they took for salt until they used it in bread and discovered its bitterness.
In classical Persian poetry kāfūr has often been used as a symbol of whiteness, especially in similes involving white hair as a sign of old age.

In the past, when black slaves were kept, males were sometimes given the ironic forename Kāfūr; hence the still current proverb, bar ʿaks nehand nām-e zangī Kāfūr, “a negro is contrarily named Camphor.”

Funerary uses of camphor in Islamic times.
Camphor is mentioned in the Koran (76:5) as a mixer (mezāj) in a cup from which the righteous (abrār) shall drink in Paradise, and in Islam camphor plays an important part in the funerary ritual.

The earliest mention of the use of camphor in the ablution of the dead is in a ḥadīṯ attributed to the Prophet regarding the funeral ablution of his daughter Zaynab.
He instructed that she should be washed three or five times (or more, should it be deemed necessary) with water and sedr (leaves of the lotus tree) with a little camphor added to the last wash.

The Prophet’s recommendation regarding camphor and sedr is still observed by Sunni Muslims.
In Imami feqh, however, washing the corpse with camphorated water is one of the three obligatory (wājeb) ablutions.
The Imami ḥonūṭ or taḥnīṭ of the dead consists in the obligatory practice of rubbing camphor on seven parts of the corpse (the forehead, the palms, the knees and the two big toes) after the above-mentioned ablutions.

THE SOURCES OF CAMPHOR:
The stories of royal gifts in the Šāh-nāma imply that camphor came from China and India in ancient times.
In fact, these two geographical terms, in their vague medieval definition, represent the two principal camphor-producing areas in Asia: an eastern area including Japan, Formosa, and China, where camphor is obtained from the tree Laurus camphora L. (= Cinnamomum camphora Nees) of the Lauraceae family; and a southeastern area including Indo-China, Borneo, and Sumatra and which medieval seafarers and geographers usually referred to simply as Hend (India), where camphor is obtained from the tree Dryobalanops aromatica Gärtn.

Thus camphor was not produced in India proper, though this misconception persisted throughout the first centuries of the Islamic period.
One of the earliest authors to discuss camphor, Yūḥannā b. Māsūya/Māsawayh, considered camphor as one of the five principal “simple aromatic substances” (along with musk, ambergris, aloes wood, and saffron) and mentioned six varieties of camphor (the best of which, called rabāḥī, is “the white one resembling salt”) plus a sublimate (moṣaʿʿad) obtained from all the varieties, but he believed they all came from Persia and from Sofāla in India.

From the 3rd/9th century onward, however, with increasing land and sea travel to southeastern and eastern Asia, more and more information is found in Arabic and Persian sources about camphor, its real places of origin, varieties, and medicinal uses. One of the earliest geographers of this period, Ebn Ḵordāḏbeh (3rd/9th century) mentions some of the places where Southeast Asian camphor was found: the mountains of Zābaj, the island of Bālūs and the island of Tīūma.
Masʿūdī (4th/10th cent.) names the country of Fanṣūr in the archipelago of Southeast Asia, whence fanṣūrī camphor was imported, and a number of mountainous islands in the sea of Kandoranj (Gulf of Siam), where both kāfūr and māʾ al-kāfūr were found.

Probably the earliest detailed description of camphor varieties is that of Esḥāq b. ʿEmrān, a physician-pharmacologist from Baghdad: Camphor is imported from Sofāla, the country of Kalāh, Zābaj, and especially from Harīj (Lesser China).
Camphor is a lustrous red resin found in the hollows in the core of an indigenous tree; the best camphor, called rabāḥī after the name of a certain king Rabāḥ, yields the white camphor by sublimation.

The choicest and most expensive rabāḥī camphor is found in Fanṣūr.
There are three varieties of inferior quality, which must be refined to obtain white camphor; the rabāḥī is maḵlūq (naturally produced), the others are maʿmūl (processed).

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CAMPHOR:
Chemical formula: C10H16O
Molar mass: 152.237 g·mol−1
Appearance: White, translucent crystals
Odor: Fragrant and penetrating
Density: 0.992 g·cm−3
Melting point: 175–177 °C (347–351 °F; 448–450 K)
Boiling point: 209 °C (408 °F; 482 K)
Solubility in water: 1.2 g·dm−3
Solubility in acetone: ~2500 g·dm−3
Solubility in acetic acid: ~2000 g·dm−3
Solubility in diethyl ether: ~2000 g·dm−3
Solubility in chloroform: ~1000 g·dm−3
Solubility in ethanol: ~1000 g·dm−3
log P: 2.089
Vapor pressure: 4 mmHg (at 70 °C)
Chiral rotation ([α]D): +44.1°
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −103×10−6 cm3/mol
CAS Number: 76-22-2
Molecular Weight: 152.23
Beilstein: 1907611
EC Number: 200-945-0
MDL number: MFCD00074738
Molecular Weight: 152.23 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 152.120115130 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 152.120115130 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexit: 217
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

FIRST AID MEASURES of CAMPHOR:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CAMPHOR:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CAMPHOR:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CAMPHOR:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CAMPHOR:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CAMPHOR:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SYNONYMS:
(±)-Camphor, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
2-Bornanone
Bornan-2-one
2-Camphanone
Formosa
Alcanfor
Camphora
Camphre
Camphre de Laurier
Camphre Gomme
Camphrier
Cemphire
dl-Camphor
dl-Camphre
Formosa Camphor
Gum Camphor
Kampfer
Karpoora
Karpuram
Laurel Camphor
Spirit of Camphor
2-Bornanone
2-Camphanone
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one.
camphor
76-22-2
2-Camphanone
DL-Camphor
2-Bornanone
(+/-)-Camphor
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
Bornan-2-one
(+)-Camphor
21368-68-3
Alphanon
Kampfer
Formosa camphor
Laurel camphor
Matricaria camphor
Camphor, synthetic
Bornane, 2-oxo-
464-48-2
l-(-)-Camphor
1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor
Japan camphor
2-Camphonone
Huile de camphre
2-Kamfanon
DL-Bornan-2-one
2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane
D-(+)-Camphor
Norcamphor, 1,7,7-trimethyl-
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone
DTXSID5030955
CHEBI:36773
4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
Caswell No. 155
SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR
DTXCID3010955
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptanone
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one
Zang Qi
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-
HSDB 37
(-)-Alcanfor
MFCD00074738
( inverted exclamation markA)-Camphor
Camphor, (1R,4R)-(+)-
Camphor, (+/-)-
EINECS 200-945-0
EINECS 244-350-4
UNII-5TJD82A1ET
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 015602
BRN 1907611
BRN 3196099
AI3-18783
(1RS,4RS)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one
Formosa
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (.+/-.)-
Camphor (USP)
EC 200-945-0
0-07-00-00135 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
4-07-00-00213 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)-
racemic camphor
NSC26351
DisperseYellow3
Camphor, natural
DL-2-Bornanone
()-Camphor
Heet (Salt/Mix)
Sarna (Salt/Mix)
(?)-Camphor
dl-Camphor (JP17)
(.+/-.)-Camphor
SCHEMBL16068
Camphor, (.+/-.)-
MLS001055495
CHEMBL15768
DivK1c_000724
GTPL2422
HMS502E06
KBio1_000724
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)-
NINDS_000724
HMS2268A06
HMS3885J06
8008-51-3
HY-N0808
Tox21_200237
BBL012963
s3851
s4516
STK803534
AKOS000118728
AKOS022060577
AC-5284
CCG-266237
CCG-266238
DB14156
LMPR0102120001
UN 2717
CAS-76-22-2
IDI1_000724
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 015602
NCGC00090681-05
NCGC00090730-01
NCGC00090730-02
NCGC00090730-05
NCGC00257791-01
AC-15523
SMR000386909
SY035827
VS-03622
(1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylnorbornan-2-one
C1251
CS-0009813
FT-0607017
FT-0607018
FT-0608303
4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanone
EN300-19186
1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-one
C00809
C18369
D00098
E75814
1,7,7-Trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
A838646
Q181559
Q-200784
W-109539
W-110530
(+/-)-1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-one
F0001-0763
Z104473074
(1R,4R)-camphor
(R)-camphor
Camphor (natural)
Camphor D-form
Camphor oil
Camphor(D)
Camphora
D-Camphor
Dextrocamphor
Natural camphor

Candelilla wax is a yellow vegetable wax found on the leaves of the Candelilla shrub.
Candelilla Wax is harder than beeswax and gives a nice gloss to finished products.
Candelilla Wax is obtained by boiling the leaves and stems with dilute sulfuric acid.
Candelilla Wax is a plant based wax and a suitable vegan alternative to beeswax.

CAS Number: 8006-44-8
EC Number: 232-347-0
E number: E902 (glazing agents, ...)

Candelilla Wax can increase the shine and firmness of the lipstick.
Candelilla wax is a wax derived from the leaves of the small Candelilla shrub native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, Euphorbia antisyphilitica, from the family Euphorbiaceae.

Candelilla Wax is yellowish-brown, hard, brittle, aromatic, and opaque to translucent.
Dissolve Candelilla Wax in a hot oil bath.
All materials supplied are to be used for cosmetic purposes and are not suitable for internal use.

Candelilla Wax is used proper protective means when handling the product.
Recommended dosage of Candelilla Wax: 1 — 5%
Candelilla Wax's Melting point is 66 — 71 °C, CAS No.: 8006-44-8

Candelilla Wax is hard, yellowish tan to brown wax found as a coating on candelilla shrubs, Euphorbia antisyphilitica or Euphorbia cerifera, which grow wild in northern Mexico and Texas. Candelilla wax resembles carnauba wax but is less hard.
Candelilla Wax is the vegan alternative to Beeswax that has it's own amazing skin and hair properties.

Candelilla Wax has been produced since the start of the 20th Centuary and mainly takes place in Mexico and South Western USA.
The plants are placed in a mix of water and sulphuric acid to extract Candelilla Wax.
Heat is applied and the wax comes to the surface where is collected and known as the "paila"

Using seperation tanks, Candelilla Wax is then cleaned from the top "the cerote" and left to cool and solidify at room temperature.
Candelilla Wax is then melted and filtered through Fullers earth and activated Charcoal to refine any impurities.
Candelilla Wax is characterised by high levels of hydrocarbons and contains many of the components found in other plant oils.

Candelilla wax is a wax derived from the small Candelilla shrubs, Euphorbia cerifera and Euphorbia antisyphilitica, the family Euphorbiaceae, native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
Candelilla Wax is yellowish brown, hard, brittle, aromatic, and opaque to translucent.

Candelilla Wax is insoluble in water, but soluble in many organic solvents such as acetone, chloroform, benzene, and turpentine.
Candelilla Wax is a plant based wax and a suitable vegan alternative to beeswax.
Like beeswax, Candelilla Wax has quite a high melting point, and acts as a stabiliser and emulsifier in balms, creams, salves and lotions.

Candelilla Wax is skin conditioning, easily absorbed, odourless, and rich in nutrients.
Candelilla Wax also provides a wonderful gloss and lubricity to lip balms.
Candelilla wax is a bit denser than beeswax, so you will have to adjust your DIY skincare recipes if you are substituting it for beeswax.

Candelilla Wax is recommended that you use half the amount of candelilla wax as beeswax since it has twice the stiffening powers.
So if a recipe calls for 1 cup of beeswax, use 1/2 cup of candelilla wax instead.
Candelilla Wax (beads) is derived from the leaves of the small candelilla shrub native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.

Candelilla Wax is 100% natural and refined (filtered twice), and packaged in a reusable glass jar with steel screw top lid.
You may have heard about beeswax food wraps to replace plastic cling wrap in the kitchen.
Well we now stock vegan plant wax food wraps too!

These amazing vegan food wraps are made from cotton, two plant waxes (candelilla and soy), tree resin and jojoba oil.
No more plastic cling wrap required!
Candelilla Wax is extracted from the leaves of the candelilla plant (Euphorbia antisyphilitica or Euphorbia cerifera).

As a renewable raw material, Candelilla Wax is an economical vegan alternative to beeswax with many industrial applications.
Candelilla Wax – pronounced can-deh-LEE-ya – is a “vegetable” wax that is obtained from the Euphorbia cerifera botanical, better known as the small, wild Candelilla shrub.

Candelilla Wax's name, which means “little candle,” is a tribute to its history of being first used in candle making.
Candelilla Wax may also be a reference to the upright growth of the plant’s stems, which resemble pencils or, more fittingly, candles – even more so because of their waxy outer layer; in nature, Candelilla wax forms the thick coating of its source plant’s leaves and stems and functions as the plant’s defense mechanism against the severe weather conditions of the desert.

As a water-proofing agent, Candelilla Wax protects the plant against heat and dryness, thereby preventing moisture loss.
Candelilla Wax is collected by boiling the full-grown plant in a solution of water and Sulfuric Acid.
The latter is meant to prevent the wax and water from forming an emulsion, which the rolling water could potentially facilitate.

When the crude wax finally rises to the surface of the water and appears as a creamy, opaque, light-brown or yellow foam – called “cerote” – it is skimmed off.
Next, the wax is melted again then filtered through Activated Carbon as well as Fuller’s Earth Clay.

After this, it enters a filter press, is bleached with Hydrogen Peroxide, which later becomes neutralized, and is filtered once more.
The final product is a hard, light-yellow wax that can be easily shattered due to its brittleness.
After the wax has been further processed into blocks, lumps, pastilles, pellets, flakes, granules, or powder, Candelilla Wax is ready to be used.

The plant-based source of this wax makes it ideal for formulating vegan products.
Candelilla Wax's texturizing property as well as its ability to create barriers between the skin and harsh environmental stressors makes it a valuable ingredient in products such as lip balms.

Its protective and softening qualities also make Candelilla Wax a popular additive in moisturizers.
With an easy ability to combine well with other waxes, including Paraffin and Carnauba, Candelilla Wax complements them primarily by helping to extend their beneficial properties.

Candelilla Wax is also reputed to be an effective substitute for them.
The useful properties of candelilla wax (CAS 8006-44-8) offer many benefits to the food and cosmetic industries as well as many other sectors.
Its firming effect means that Candelilla Wax can be used to set and solidify formulas for various types of makeup, such as stick foundations, eye shadow, or lip products, to which it provides an ideal “slip” without causing the products to become too hard.

This firming property is also beneficial for candle formulations, as Candelilla Wax contributes hardness and smoothness to the final product.
Candelilla Wax is insoluble in water but is highly soluble in oils and alcohols.
To add Candelilla Wax to product formulations, begin by melting it before incorporating it into the chosen recipe.

When adding it to formulas that require emulsification, incorporate Candelilla Wax into their oil phases.
The recommended maximum dosage of Candelilla Wax is 1-25%.
Candelilla Wax derives from the leaves of the North Mexican candelilla shrubs (Euphorbia cerifera and Euphorbia antisyphilitica).

Candelilla Wax is naturally hard, brittle, yellowish-brown, opaque to translucent.
Candelilla (Euphorbia Cerifera) wax is a hard plant-based wax derived from the leaves of the Candelilla (Euphorbia Cerifera) shrub.
Candelilla wax is a natural vegetable wax derived from the leaves of the Candelilla plant, which thrives in semi-arid regions of northern Mexico and the southwest United States.

Euphorbia antisyphilitica is the name given to a flowering plant family. The opaque, translucent appearance, brittle shell, aromatic character, and yellowish-brown colour identify this wax.
Candelilla (Euphorbia Cerifera) wax is a hard plant-based wax derived from the leaves of the Candelilla (Euphorbia Cerifera) shrub.

Candelilla Wax is a thickening and hardening agent, a plasticizer, a viscosity modifier, an emollient, and a skin-protective barrier agent that keeps moisture in the skin.
Candelilla Wax keeps cool, dark, and dry while not in use.

Candelilla wax is obtained from a shrub that grows mainly in Mexico: Euphorbia cerifera.
Candelilla Wax is also found in lip care.
Candelilla Wax is authorized in organic.

Candelilla Wax (Latin: Euphorbia Antisyphillitica), obtained from the plant of the same name, is a shrub growing wild in the Chihuahua desert, it is a brown vegetable wax that is extracted from a grass that grows in Texas and Mexico.
Candelilla Wax is second only to carnauba wax in terms of hardness, and its melting temperature is between 67°C and 71°C.

Candelilla wax is harvested from the leaves of the small Candelilla shrub native to Mexico and the southwestern part of the U.S.
Candelilla Wax is a yellow-brown wax, which is hard, brittle, aromatic, and opaque to translucent.
Candelilla wax is on the FDA Generally Regarded as Safe List (GRAS).

There is no evidence in the available information on candelilla wax that demonstrates or suggests reasonable grounds to suspect a hazard to the public when they are used at levels that follow current good manufacturing practice conditions of use.
Candelilla wax is extracted from the leaves of the small Candelilla plant that is found in northern Mexico and southwestern United States.

Candelilla Wax is yellowish-brown, hard, brittle, aromatic and opaque to translucent.
Additionally, candelilla wax is rich in nutrients and acts as a great binder in cosmetics.
Candelilla Wax is derived from the leaves of the small Candelilla shrub, a plant native to the Chihuahua desert in northeastern Mexico.

Candelilla Wax is hard, brittle, and available in crude and refined.
The crude form comes in a solid piece, is opaque, and is tan in color.
The refined form is yellow and comes in several grades: Regular, Refined (NF), Refined (NF), ECOCERT.

Carmel Candelilla Wax Alternative is a petroleum and plant-based wax blend that comes in bead form.
This formulation has characteristics similar to pure candelilla wax, including a moderate melting point range, the consistency of hard wax, and hydrophobic properties.

Candelilla Wax is derived from the leaves of the small Candelilla shrub, a plant native to the Chihuahua desert in northeastern Mexico.
Candelilla Wax is hard, brittle, and available in crude and refined.
The crude form comes in a solid piece, is opaque, and is tan in color.

The refined form is yellow and comes in several grades.
Regular, Refined (NF), Refined (NF), ECOCERT.
Candelilla wax is a natural vegetable wax derived from the leaves of the candelilla shrub, scientifically known as Euphorbia cerifera.

Candelilla Wax is primarily produced in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
Candelilla wax is obtained through a process that involves harvesting the leaves, grinding them into a powder, and then boiling the powder to extract the wax.

Candelilla wax is characterized by its yellowish-brown color and a hard, brittle texture.
Candelilla Wax is composed mainly of hydrocarbons, esters, and fatty acids.
One of Candelilla Wax's key components is the hydrocarbon called cerotine, which gives the wax its unique properties.

Candelilla Wax has a melting point ranging from 68 to 73 degrees Celsius (154 to 163 degrees Fahrenheit).
Overall, candelilla wax is a versatile and sustainable natural wax with various desirable properties, making it a valuable ingredient in numerous commercial products.

Candelilla wax is obtained from the leaves of the candelilla shrub (Euphorbia cerifera and Euphorbia antisyphilitica) native to northern Mexico.
This vegetable wax, Candelilla Wax, is hard, brittle, and has a yellow to light brown color.
Candelilla wax is harvested in northern Mexico; however, the bushy plant also grows in parts of the United States.

The leaves of the candelilla shrub are cut by candelilleros, leaving only their roots in the soil.
Subsequently, the plants will need three years to completely regenerate.
Candelilla Wax is purchased from a reliable supplier with verifiable sustainable sources and is covered under CITES.

It is worth noting that Candelilla Wax is harder than beeswax, and has a higher melting point, so your formulation may need some adjusting to accommodate the change in waxes.
Candelilla wax is a yellow vegetable wax found on the leaves of the Candelilla shrub.

This shrub is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
Candelilla Wax is harder than beeswax and gives a nice gloss to finished products.
Candelilla Wax is a good vegan substitute for beeswax.

Candelilla wax is a wax derived from the leaves of the small Candelilla shrub native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, Euphorbia cerifera and Euphorbia antisyphilitica, from the family Euphorbiaceae.
Candelilla Wax is yellowish-brown, hard, brittle and opaque to translucent.

Candelilla wax is extracted from the candelilla shrub (Euphorbia antisyphilitica), native to Mexico.
Each plant is made of more than a hundred stems of a pale green colour.
During the rainy season they grow very little pink flowers on their tops and each stem covers itself with a thick sap.

The sap turns into wax during the dry season and protects the plant from dehydration.
Candelilla was overharvested during the 20th century as the wax was used for waterproofing tents and equipment throughout the two world wars.
Candelilla Wax's cultivation is now controlled and each harvester (or candelillero) must obtain a permit and harvest the plant in a sustainable way, such as cutting less than 60% of the plant so it can continue to grow, for example.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CANDELILLA WAX:
Candelilla Wax is used as a food additive, candelilla wax has the E number E902 and is used as a glazing agent.
Candelilla Wax also finds use in cosmetic industry, as a component of lip balms and lotion bars.
One of Candelilla Wax's major uses was as a binder for chewing gums.

Candelilla wax can be used as a substitute for carnauba wax and beeswax.
Candelilla Wax is also used for making varnish.
Candelilla Wax is mostly used by mixing with other waxes to harden without raising their melting points.

Candelilla Wax is also used in the cosmetic industry as a component of lip balm and lotion sticks.
One of Candelilla Wax's main uses is as a binder for chewing gums.
Candelilla Wax is used lubricant, film former, viscosity adjuster.

Candelilla Wax is used in lipstick, mascara, cream, deo stick, hair wax, foundation, depilation.
Candelilla Wax is used in lipsticks (5-20%).
Candelilla Wax is mostly used mixed with other waxes to harden them without raising their melting point.

As a food additive, candelilla wax has the E number E 902 and is used as a glazing agent.
Candelilla Wax also finds use in the cosmetic industry, as a component of lip balms and lotion bars.
One of Candelilla Wax's major uses is as a binder for chewing gums.

Candelilla wax can be used as a substitute for carnauba wax and beeswax.
Candelilla Wax is also used for making varnish.
Candelilla wax is a vegetable wax which serves as a great vegan alternative to beeswax.

Candelilla Wax’s derived from the stems of Euphorbia Cerifera shrub. Candelilla Wax has a dark yellow colour.
Candelilla Wax is added to cosmetic products especially to unite and to thicken the product (it acts as an emulsifier), to harden the product and provide it with shine.

Candelilla Wax’s very popular as an ingredient for lipsticks, lip balms, body butters or creams.
You’ll appreciate Candelilla Wax's properties when creating bath pralines.
Candelilla Wax protects the skin from the loss of moisture, it has hydrating and caring properties.

Because it blends with other waxes and is less costly, candelilla wax is used chiefly as an extender in formulas containing carnauba, paraffin, and other waxes.
Candelilla Wax has been used in polishes, paints, inks, waterproofing, and carbon paper.

Candelilla Wax is an essential ingredient for making lipstick or lip balm.
Candelilla Wax has traditionally been used in various commercial applications for products such as inks, paints, crayons, polishing waxes and varnishes, pharmaceuticals, chewing gum, and candy; however, NDA’s Candelilla Wax is intended for topical applications only, hence it may be added to hand and foot creams, lotion bars, depilatory waxes, soaps, lip products and stick foundations among other cosmetics, as well as to candles.

Due to its beneficial chemical properties, candelilla wax is often used as an ingredient in the food and cosmetic industries, where its main purpose is to protect products (e.g. lip balm) and prevent other ingredients from sticking together.
On top of that, candelilla wax is a preferred release and coating agent in other industrial sectors.

Candelilla Wax is also a popular choice of coating for paper, candles, metals, erasers, rubber, paint, ink, hot-melt adhesives and many other products.
Furthermore, Candelilla Wax helps improve a product's vibrance and consistency and protects it against moisture and clumping.
Due to its very high melting point and high strength, candelilla wax is able to bind well with oil.

Candelilla Wax also feels good on the skin and has a pleasant scent, hence making this natural vegan wax alternative an ideal ingredient for the cosmetic industry, particularly for the manufacture of natural cosmetic products (e.g. lip balm).
Besides being known for protecting the ingredients in cosmetic products, Candelilla Wax is also valued for its ability to make dry skin feel soft and supple.

Furthermore, because it is edible, candelilla wax is a popular additive in not just creams, soaps and haircare products, but also lip balm and lipstick
Candelilla Wax gives these products an optimal consistency and improved stability.
Candelilla wax is also commonly used in the food industry and has the E number E902.

There is no limit to the amount of candelilla wax allowed in foods because it is considered safe.
Therefore, similar to carnauba wax, Candelilla Wax is used as an additive in gummy bears, nuts, coffee beans and chocolate to prevent them from clumping.
In addition, Candelilla Wax is applied to baked goods before the baking process to help make their surface brown and crispy.

Applying natural wax to fruits can prolong their shelf life, and Candelilla Wax can also be used to give chewing gums the perfect consistency.
Candelilla Wax is widely used as a film-forming agent and emollient in cosmetics.
Further application areas of Candelilla Wax are: foodstuffs, inks and dyes, adhesives, coatings, emulsions, polishes and pharmaceuticals.

Candelilla Wax is offered in pastilles and as a spray-dried powder.
A vegetable wax coming from the leaves of the North Mexican candelilla shrubs (Euphorbia cerifera and Euphorbia antisyphilitica). Candelilla Wax has the property of being a very hard wax, it is used in make-up such as mascara or lipstick.

Similar to other waxes, Candelilla Wax is used to stabilize products and give body to them, or to keep stick type formulas solid.
Candelilla Wax has a melting point around 70C and has high gloss making it a good choice for lip products.
Candelilla Wax may be mixed with other waxes to harden them, and in the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as a glazing agent and a binder.

Binders are added to tablet formulations to add cohesiveness to powders and provide the necessary bonding to form a compact tablet mass.
In other words, binders are essential to achieve the “hardness” of the tablet.
Candelilla wax has been used in lip balms and lotions, too.

Candelilla Wax is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food, and household products.
In cosmetics, Candelilla Wax is employed as a natural alternative to beeswax or petroleum-based waxes in the formulation of lip balms, lotions, creams, and other skincare products.

Candelilla Wax's emollient and protective properties help to provide a smooth texture, enhance product stability, and improve moisture retention.
Furthermore, candelilla wax finds applications in the food industry as a coating or glazing agent for candies, chewing gum, and other confectionery products.

Candelilla Wax is also utilized in the production of candles, polishes, adhesives, and coatings due to its excellent film-forming and water-repellent qualities.
Candelilla Wax is considered vegan, and has no natural scent. because of this, it is very useful in many applications in cosmetics such as lip balms and lotion bars, and can often be substituted for beeswax.

Candelilla wax provides a protective barrier on the skin and hair that helps retain moisture.
Candelilla Wax is also useful in the manufacturing of cosmetic products as it helps to bind all the ingredients together and create a thick and workable texture with water-repellent properties.

-Applications of Candelilla Wax:
*Lip balms
*Lipsticks
*Lotion bars
*Mascaras
*Pomades
*Ointments & salves
*Thickener for anhydrous, oil-based serums

-Using Candelilla Wax in Candles:
The world Candelilla translates to "little candle", so Candelilla Wax has a long and traditional use as a Candle Wax.
With a melting point of approx. 68c Candelilla Wax is highly suited to the production of natural candles.
Candelilla Wax takes approx 4 days of cooling after pouring to reach full hardness.

FUNCTIONS OF CANDELILLA WAX:
*Emollient :
Softens and smoothes the skin
*Film forming :
Produces a continuous film on skin, hair or nails

HOW IS CANDELILLA WAX USED?
How is candelilla wax used?
Candelilla wax is softer than carnauba wax and harder than beeswax.
Candelilla Wax is often used as a replacement for beeswax because it is plant-based and therefore vegan.
As it acts as a binder in cosmetics, candelilla wax is often used as a thickener in skincare creams, body lotions, and hand creams.

Candelilla Wax gives a nice feel on the skin and blends well with other oils.
This makes cream with candelilla wax non-sticky and easily absorbed into the skin.
In addition to its use in cosmetics, candelilla wax is also used in hair care, as it provides protection and adds shine to the hair.

FEATURES OF CANDELILLA WAX:
*Candelilla Wax is essential ingredient for making lipstick or lip balm.
*Candelilla Wax has good emulsification, gloss, transparency, moisture retention, mold release and plasticity.
Add Candelilla Wax when applying lipstick, it can increase shine and firmness.
*Candelilla Wax can improve the overall ductility, pigment dispersion and anti-shedding quality, make lip makeup more natural.
*Candelilla Wax is easy and odorless, non-irritating and safe to use.
*Three types of capacities are available, you can choose according to your needs.

CANDELILLA WAX HELPS TO:
*Contribute shine/gloss, especially to lip products
*Provide smoothness and hardness to products that require a high melting point and a stiff consistency
*Add texture and structure
*Give solid and stick products their structures by enhancing the viscosity of their oil parts
*Contribute a level of firmness to particular textures, such as that of eyeshadows, without causing them to harden
*Emulsify immiscible liquids in to prevent them from separating in formulations with creamy consistencies
*Provide excellent glide/slip to cosmetics formulations for easy spreadability as well as easy removability
*Enhance rate of absorption into skin
*Contribute a faint sweet scent that is reminiscent of Beeswax
*Form a protective film on the skin’s surface to help repel water
*Create barrier products, such as balms
*Blend natural powder/mineral colorants into a formula
*Complement other waxes, such as Beeswax

PROPERTIES OF CANDELILLA WAX:
Candelilla wax is hard and brittle and has a yellow-brown appearance. Candelilla Wax is odorless, lipophilic and soluble in many organic solvents.
Candelilla Wax is, however, insoluble in water.
The melting point of candelilla wax ranges from 67 to 79 degrees Celsius (153 to 174 degrees Fahrenheit).
Candelilla Wax consists mainly of hydrocarbons, resins and esters that are derived from free fatty acids and free fatty alcohols.

SKIN BENEFITS OF CANDELILLA WAX:
Candelilla Wax has been used for over 100 years in skincare products.
Many of the skin benefits are built around the way Candelilla Wax created a Barrier agent to prevent moisture loss from the skin.
When used in skincare products, Candelilla Wax spreads easier and is absorbed by the skin easier than Beeswax.
Candelilla Wax can be found in products created to minimise stretch marks, hydrating the skin and clearing parched, scaly skin.
Candelilla Wax offers a wonderful natural binder for cosmetic ingredients.

HAIR BENEFITS OF CANDELILLA WAX:
The smooth application and quick easy absorption make Candelilla Wax perfect for use in hair products.
Dry Scalp related hair products especially benefit as the Candelilla Wax is easily absorbed by the scalp.
Very quickly there can be a marked difference in the quality of hair and scalp when using Candelilla wax as part of the hair formulation.

HOW IS CANDELILLA WAX MADE?
The production of candelilla wax starts with harvesting the leaves of the candelilla shrub.
This shrub gets its name from the Spanish word for small candle, due to the shape of its branches, which are long, thin, and bare.
The branches are protected from heat and evaporation by a hard wax: candelilla wax.
The leaves are then dried and ground into a fine powder.
This powder is then boiled in water to extract the wax.
Candelilla Wax solidifies when it cools and is then purified to remove any remaining impurities.
The result is a hard, yellow wax that looks similar to beeswax in appearance but has a higher melting point and is less sticky.
Candelilla wax also has a unique composition, with a high content of esters and fatty acids that give the wax its special properties.

COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTION OF CANDELILLA WAX:
With a melting point of 68.5–72.5 °C, candelilla wax consists of mainly hydrocarbons (about 50%, chains with 29–33 carbons), esters of higher molecular weight (20–29%), free acids (7–9%), and resins (12–14%, mainly triterpenoid esters).
The high hydrocarbon content distinguishes this wax from carnauba wax.
Candelilla Wax is insoluble in water, but soluble in many organic solvents such as acetone, chloroform, benzene, and turpentine.
Candelilla Wax is obtained by boiling the leaves and stems with dilute sulfuric acid, and the resulting "cerote" is skimmed from the surface and further processed.
In this way, about 900 tons are produced annually.

PRODUCT TYPE & FUNCTION OF CANDELILLA WAX:
*When added to this kind of formulation…
*Face, Hand, or Foot Creams
*Lubricants, Lotions, Sunscreens
*Salves, Ointments, Balms
*Pomades
*Lipsticks, Lip Balms, Lip Gloss, Mascaras

EFFECTS OF CANDELILLA WAX:
Candelilla Wax functions as a(n):
*Skin Protectant
*Fast-Absorbing Moisturizer
*Nourishing Conditioner
*Hardening Agent
*Thickening Agent
*Plasticizer
*Viscosity Modifier
*Stabilizer
*Emulsifier
*Lubricant
*Substitute for Beeswax

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS AND USAGE RATES OF CANDELILLA WAX:
*Balms (20-25%)
*Creams (5-10%)
*Conditioners (1-3%)
*Deodorants (1-20%)
*Eyeshadows (3-15%)
*Hair Creams (3-8%)
*Mascaras (2-25%)
*Soaps (1-3%)

WHY DO INCLUDE CANDELILLA WAX IN FORMULATIONS?
This unique wax, Candelilla Wax, hardens/thickens balms, creams, salves, and lotions by acting as a stabiliser and emulsifier.

HOW TO WORK WITH CANDELILLA WAX?
Heating is essential during the oil phase.

ABSORPTION RATE OF CANDELILLA WAX:
Although Candelilla Wax itself does not permeate into your skin, slaves created with it absorb faster than those made with beeswax.

STRENGTH OF CANDELILLA WAX:
Candelilla Wax's a powerful, glossy thickener that can be used in little amounts.

WEAKNESSES OF CANDELILLA WAX:
Because it's so glossy, salves and balms created with Candelilla Wax are prone to slipping.

SUBSTITUTION OF CANDELILLA WAX:
Carnauba wax is a good alternative.

CANDELILLA WAX PROPERTIES:
Candelilla Wax functions as a thickening and hardening agent, a plasticizer, a viscosity modifier, an emollient, and a skin-protective barrier agent that helps prevent the skin from losing moisture.
Candelilla Wax contributes shine and functions as a stabilizer, an emulsifier, a fast-absorbing lubricant, and a nourishing skin conditioner.
Candelilla Wax is reputed to help reduce the appearance of stretch marks as well as the signs of aging, such as wrinkles and age spots.
Furthermore, Candelilla Wax is said to hydrate parched and scaly skin for enhanced smoothness.
Candelilla Wax is known to be an effective binding agent that easily fuses ingredients.
This quality makes it easy to incorporate it into most other waxes as well as resins, both natural and synthetic.
This emulsifying property mainly helps water and oil constituents to bind together with a smooth uniformity, a necessary effect for products like moisturizers, such as lotion bars, creams, and balms, to which
Candelilla Wax is known to offer hydrating properties and easy spread over the skin’s surface.

COMPOSITION OF CANDELILLA WAX:
Candelilla wax consists of mainly hydrocarbons (about 50%, chains with 29-33 carbons), esters of higher molecular weight (20-29%), free acids (7-9%), and resins (12-14%, mainly triterpenoid esters). It is insoluble in water, but soluble in many organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, benzene).

MANUFACTURE OF CANDELILLA WAX:
Candelilla Wax is obtained by boiling the leaves and stems with diluted sulfuric acid and skimmed from the surface and further processed.
Candelilla Wax's melting point is 67-79 °C.
Candelilla Wax is mostly used mixed with other waxes to harden them without raising their melting point.

CANDELILLA LIP BALM:
1 tsp Candelilla Wax
2 tsp Shea Butter
1 tsp Cocoa Butter
4 tsp Sweet Almond Oil
8 drops Tea Tree Essential Oil
5 drops Lime Essentail Oil

Melt the Waxes, butters and oils in a double boiler (or aluminium bowl over water)
Once melted, mix well with a spoon and remove from heat. Allow to cool until you see a slight thickening and then add your essential oils, stirring vigourously.
Pour into lip balm containers straight away.

CANDELILLA WAX VS. BEESWAX
The many similarities that Candelilla and Beeswax share, namely their beneficial properties, scents, and melting points, to name a few, make these two interchangeable waxes natural alternatives to each other.
The main difference is that Candelilla is a vegan wax, whereas Beeswax is considered to be an animal byproduct.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CANDELILLA WAX:
Melting point: 68.5–72.5 °C (155.3–162.5 °F; 341.6–345.6 K)
Boiling point: > 240 °C (464 °F)
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Recommended Usage: 1-30%
Solubility: Oil soluble
Melting point: 68.5C-72.5C
Boiling point: 240 °C (464 °F)
pH: NA
Aroma: A distinctive, mild, sort of sweet smell.

FIRST AID MEASURES of CANDELILLA WAX:
-Description of first-aid measures:
If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CANDELILLA WAX:
-Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CANDELILLA WAX:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CANDELILLA WAX:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CANDELILLA WAX:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CANDELILLA WAX:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Nom INCI : CANDELILLA WAX HYDROCARBONS Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

E 902; FR 100; MD 21; MK 2 (wax); NC 1630; Noda Wax NC 1630; EINECS 232-347-0; Hentriacontane CAS NO:8006-44-8

No CAS: 334-48-5; ACIDE CAPRIQUE; ACIDE DECANOIQUE ; ACIDE C10;L'acide décanoïque; Acide gras saturé de chaine moyenne d’origine naturelle, l’acide Caprique est bénéfique pour les couches supérieures de d’épiderme. Cette matière d’aspect liquide est un épaississant et tensioactif. Il peut être employé pour diverses applications telles que la fabrication d’esters, et la parfumerie.L'acide décanoïque, aussi appelé acide caprique, est un acide gras saturé à dix atomes de carbone, de formule semi-développée CH3–(CH2)8–COOH. On le trouve dans l'huile de coco et l'huile de palmiste, ainsi que dans le lait de divers mammifères — dont les chèvres, d'où son nom3 — et, dans une moindre mesure, dans la graisse d'autres animaux. On l'utilise au laboratoire en synthèse organique et dans l'industrie pour produire des parfums, des lubrifiants, des graisses, des élastomères, des colorants, des plastiques, des additifs alimentaires et des produits pharmaceutiques. Cet acide carboxylique se comporte comme un tensioactif car sa chaîne hydrocarbonée est hydrophobe tandis que le carboxyle est hydrophile du fait de sa polarité. C'est ce qui le rend intéressant notamment dans l'industrie du savon.L'acide caprylique (ou acide octanoïque) est un acide gras saturé qui fut tout d'abord découvert dans le lait de chèvre (d’où son nom de « caprylique » dans lequel on retrouve la racine latine « capra » qui signifie chèvre). L’acide caprylique est également présent dans la noix de coco, l'huile de palme et le lait maternel. Ce liquide huileux est utilisé dans la fabrication d’esters qui interviennent en parfumerie et pour la fabrication de colorants. Mais l'acide caprylique est aussi utilisé pour ses effets sur l'équilibre du PH de la peau. Antifongique, il intervient dans certains compléments alimentaires destinés à traiter la candidose (prolifération de levures du système intestinal). Dans le cadre d’un traitement contre la candidose, il est important que les gélules d’acide caprylique soient « gastro résistantes » afin qu’elle ne se dissolve pas dans l’estomac mais puisse atteindre les intestins où se trouve le candida. CAS No : 334-48-5. Capric Acid; Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5); n-decanoic acid. Acid decanoic (ro); Acide décanoïque (fr); Acido decanoico (it); Aċidu dekanojku (mt); Decaan-zuur (nl); Decanoic acid (no); Decansyre (da); Decansäure (de); Dekaanhape (et); Dekaanihappo (fi); Dekano rūgštis (lt); Dekanojska kislina (sl); Dekanová kyselina (cs); Dekanska kiselina (hr); Dekansyra (sv); Dekánsav (hu); Dekānskābe (lv); Kwas dekanowy (pl); Kyselina dekánová (sk);Ácido decanoico (es); Δεκανικό οξύ (el); Деканова киселина (bg). : 1- Decansäure; 2-Ethyl-7-sulfo-decansäure; Deacnoic acid. s; Capric acid in preparation "u-con" imported from Japan. Capric Acid – Palmata 1099, Ecoric 10/95, Ecoric 10/99, KORTACID (KORTACID 1099/ 1098/1095/1090), Kortacid 1098, MASCID 1098, Palmac 98-10 Palmac 99-10, Palmac 99-10/MB, RADIACID 0610, RADIACID 0613, RADIACID 0691; Noms français : 1-NONANECARBOXYLIC ACID Acide caprique ACIDE CAPRIQUE NORMAL ACIDE DECANOIQUE ACIDE DECANOIQUE NORMAL DECOIC ACID DECYCLIC ACID DECYLIC ACID N-CAPRIC ACID N-DECANOIC ACID N-DECYLIC ACID Noms anglais : Capric acid CAPRINIC ACID CAPRYNIC ACID DECANOIC ACID N-DECOIC ACID Utilisation et sources d'émission Fabrication de produits organiques, additif alimentaire

Capigel 98 is a versatile polymer known for its use in cosmetic and personal care formulations.
Capigel 98 acts as an effective thickening agent, instantly transforming aqueous solutions into clear gel formulations.
With excellent thickening properties, it enhances the viscosity of products like lotions, creams, and gels.

CAS Number: 25133-97-5
EC Number: 607-559-5

Polyacrylate-3, Acrylate crosspolymer, Carbomer, Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, Acrylates/palmeth-25 acrylate copolymer, Cross-linked polyacrylate, Acrylic acid copolymer, Poly(acrylic acid), Copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylate esters, Poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide), Poly(acrylate-co-methacrylate), Acrylate polymer, Crosslinked poly(acrylic acid), Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), Poly(acrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate), Crosslinked poly(acrylamide), Acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymer, Crosslinked polyacrylate polymer, Poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate), Poly(acrylate-co-sodium acrylate), Poly(acrylic acid-co-2-ethylhexyl acrylate), Acrylate ester copolymer, Copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylates, Crosslinked sodium polyacrylate, Poly(acrylate-co-butyl acrylate), Crosslinked acrylate copolymer, Acrylic acid/stearyl acrylate copolymer, Acrylic acid/hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer, Crosslinked poly(acrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate), Poly(acrylic acid-co-alkyl acrylate), Acrylate polymer crosslinked with divinyl benzene, Poly(acrylate-co-N-vinyl pyrrolidone), Acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, Poly(acrylate-co-ammonium acrylate), Crosslinked poly(acrylic acid-co-methacrylic acid), Poly(acrylate-co-sodium acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate), Acrylic acid/ammonium acrylate copolymer, Poly(acrylic acid-co-sodium methacrylate), Acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/sodium methacrylate copolymer, Poly(acrylate-co-sodium acrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), Poly(acrylic acid-co-ethyl methacrylate), Poly(acrylate-co-methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate), Crosslinked poly(acrylic acid-co-N-vinyl pyrrolidone), Poly(acrylate-co-butyl methacrylate), Crosslinked poly(acrylate-co-methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate), Acrylic acid/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, Poly(acrylate-co-sodium acrylate-co-ethyl acrylate), Crosslinked poly(acrylate-co-sodium acrylate), Acrylic acid/cetyl alcohol/stearyl alcohol methacrylate copolymer, Poly(acrylate-co-methacrylic acid-co-sodium acrylate), Acrylate/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, Acrylic acid/lauryl acrylate copolymer, Poly(acrylate-co-sodium acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate), Acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/sodium methacrylate copolymer, Crosslinked poly(acrylate-co-sodium acrylate), Acrylic acid/steareth-20 methacrylate/lauryl methacrylate copolymer, Poly(acrylate-co-sodium acrylate-co-ethyl acrylate), Crosslinked poly(acrylate-co-sodium acrylate), Acrylic acid/sodium acrylate/lauryl methacrylate copolymer, Poly(acrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid), Acrylic acid/stearyl alcohol methacrylate copolymer

APPLICATIONS

Capigel 98 is widely used in the formulation of clear and stable gels in the cosmetic industry.
Capigel 98 is a key ingredient in the creation of transparent and long-lasting hair styling products such as gels and mousses.
In skincare products, Capigel 98 contributes to the texture and thickness of lotions and creams.
Capigel 98 finds application in the formulation of sunscreens, ensuring even distribution of UV filters on the skin.

Capigel 98 enhances the viscosity of body washes, providing a luxurious and pleasant feel during use.
Capigel 98 is utilized in the creation of facial cleansers, contributing to the foaming and cleansing properties of the product.
Capigel 98 is a common ingredient in the development of moisturizers, helping to achieve a smooth and non-greasy texture.

In the hair care industry, it is employed in shampoos and conditioners for its thickening and stabilizing properties.
Capigel 98 plays a role in the formulation of clear and water-resistant mascaras, providing a long-lasting effect.

Capigel 98 is an essential component in the creation of clear and stable emulsions, ensuring the uniform dispersion of ingredients.
Capigel 98 is used in the development of exfoliating scrubs, aiding in the suspension of abrasive particles.
Capigel 98 is incorporated into foundations and concealers, contributing to the products' texture and coverage.
Capigel 98 enhances the spreadability of makeup products, allowing for smooth and even application on the skin.

Capigel 98 is employed in the creation of anti-aging serums, helping to stabilize and deliver active ingredients.
Capigel 98 is utilized in the formulation of transparent and long-wearing nail polishes.
It finds application in the creation of clear and stable perfumes and fragrance formulations.

Capigel 98 contributes to the texture of lip glosses, providing a glossy and smooth finish.
In the development of hand sanitizers, Capigel 98 aids in achieving a gel-like consistency.
Capigel 98 is used in the formulation of acne treatments, helping to suspend and deliver active ingredients effectively.
Capigel 98 is employed in the creation of clear and stable eye drops and ophthalmic solutions.

Capigel 98 contributes to the viscosity and texture of self-tanning lotions, ensuring even application on the skin.
Capigel 98 is utilized in the development of wound care products, aiding in the formulation of gels and creams.
In the oral care industry, it is used in the creation of clear and stable toothpaste formulations.

Capigel 98 is an important ingredient in the production of clear and long-lasting deodorants.
Capigel 98 plays a role in the formulation of various personal care and cosmetic products, contributing to their stability, texture, and overall performance.

Capigel 98 is utilized in the formulation of lightweight and non-greasy facial serums, providing a smooth and comfortable application.
In the creation of hair serums and leave-in conditioners, this polymer imparts a silky texture and helps in detangling.

Capigel 98 is a key component in the formulation of clear and long-lasting liquid foundations, ensuring even coverage on the skin.
Capigel 98 contributes to the stability of antiperspirant and deodorant formulations, enhancing their efficacy.

Capigel 98 is used in the development of clear and quick-drying hand sanitizing gels for convenient use.
In the manufacturing of acne spot treatments, Capigel 98 aids in the suspension of active ingredients for targeted application.
It is employed in the creation of clear and stable eye makeup removers, effectively removing waterproof mascara and eyeliner.

Capigel 98 plays a role in the formulation of body lotions, contributing to their smooth texture and fast absorption.
Capigel 98 is used in the development of clear and water-resistant sun protection sprays for easy application.

In the nail care industry, it is a common ingredient in the formulation of clear and long-wearing base coats and topcoats.
Capigel 98 contributes to the texture of tinted moisturizers, providing a light and breathable feel on the skin.
Capigel 98 is employed in the creation of clear and quick-drying wound healing gels for first aid applications.

Capigel 98 is used in the development of clear and stable shaving gels, ensuring a smooth and comfortable shaving experience.
In the formulation of tattoo aftercare products, this polymer aids in creating soothing and protective gels.

Capigel 98 is utilized in the creation of transparent and long-lasting hair color gels for at-home and salon use.
Capigel 98 contributes to the stability of foaming facial cleansers, providing a luxurious lather during the cleansing process.
Capigel 98 is used in the manufacturing of clear and fast-drying styling sprays for various hair styling needs.
Capigel 98 is employed in the development of clear and long-lasting fragrance sprays and body mists.

In the creation of clear and water-resistant eyebrow gels, this polymer helps in defining and shaping eyebrows.
Capigel 98 plays a role in the formulation of clear and quick-drying cuticle oils for nail care and manicure applications.
Capigel 98 is utilized in the creation of clear and long-lasting lip balms for moisturizing and protection.

In the formulation of clear and stable makeup setting sprays, this polymer helps to set makeup in place for extended wear.
Capigel 98 contributes to the texture of clear and water-resistant hair wax and pomade formulations for styling versatility.

Capigel 98 is employed in the creation of clear and fast-drying foot creams for moisturization and care.
Capigel 98 plays a role in the development of clear and long-wearing liquid blush and bronzer formulations for a natural-looking finish.

Capigel 98 is integral to the formulation of clear and stable body washes, providing a pleasant sensory experience during use.
It contributes to the viscosity and stability of exfoliating scrubs, enhancing their effectiveness in removing dead skin cells.
In the creation of clear and long-lasting anti-frizz hair serums, this polymer helps in controlling and managing hair frizz.

Capigel 98 is used in the formulation of clear and water-resistant sunscreen sticks for convenient and mess-free application.
Capigel 98 plays a role in the development of clear and quick-drying cuticle removers for nail care routines.
Capigel 98 contributes to the texture and spreadability of clear and water-resistant BB creams, providing light coverage and sun protection.

Capigel 98 is employed in the creation of clear and water-resistant eyebrow pencils and gels for precise and defined brows.
In the formulation of clear and long-lasting liquid eyeliners, this polymer ensures smooth application and smudge resistance.
Capigel 98 is used in the development of clear and fast-drying wound closure gels for first aid and minor wound care.
Capigel 98 contributes to the stability and texture of clear and water-resistant lip glosses, providing a glossy finish.

Capigel 98 is integral to the formulation of clear and quick-drying facial primers for a smooth makeup application.
In the creation of clear and water-resistant body mists, Capigel 98 helps in even and fine spray dispersion.
Capigel 98 plays a role in the manufacturing of clear and long-lasting liquid lipsticks, ensuring vibrant color and extended wear.
Capigel 98 is used in the development of clear and water-resistant gel eyeshadows for crease-free and long-lasting eye makeup.

Capigel 98 contributes to the stability of clear and fast-drying wound healing sprays, providing an easy and hygienic application.
In the formulation of clear and water-resistant facial powders, this polymer aids in achieving a matte and velvety finish.
Capigel 98 is employed in the creation of clear and long-lasting hair masks for deep conditioning and repair.

Capigel 98 plays a role in the formulation of clear and water-resistant lash primers for enhanced mascara application.
Capigel 98 contributes to the texture and spreadability of clear and fast-drying facial sunscreens, ensuring broad-spectrum protection.

Capigel 98 is used in the manufacturing of clear and water-resistant styling waxes for flexible and long-lasting hold.
In the creation of clear and quick-drying blister bandage adhesives, this polymer ensures secure and comfortable adhesion.

Capigel 98 plays a role in the formulation of clear and water-resistant liquid highlighters, providing a luminous and dewy glow.
Capigel 98 contributes to the stability of clear and water-resistant body bronzing lotions for a sun-kissed look.

Capigel 98 is employed in the development of clear and fast-drying insect bite relief gels for soothing and comfort.
It is used in the formulation of clear and long-lasting under-eye concealers, providing coverage and brightening effects.

DESCRIPTION

Capigel 98 is a versatile polymer known for its use in cosmetic and personal care formulations.
Capigel 98 acts as an effective thickening agent, instantly transforming aqueous solutions into clear gel formulations.

With excellent thickening properties, it enhances the viscosity of products like lotions, creams, and gels.
Capigel 98 exhibits remarkable clarity in formulations, ensuring a visually appealing final product.

Known for its resistance to electrolytes and polar solvents, it maintains stability in a variety of cosmetic applications.
As a white, liquid polymer, it contributes to the colorless and aesthetic quality of many skincare and hair care products.

Capigel 98 has a melting point below 0°C, making it suitable for formulations requiring low-temperature stability.
Capigel 98 imparts a pH range of 2 to 4, making it compatible with a broad spectrum of cosmetic formulations.
Its flammability is non-existent, adding a safety aspect to its use in various cosmetic and personal care products.

With a density ranging from 1.04 to 1.08 g/cm³ at 20°C, it contributes to the overall texture and feel of formulations.
Capigel 98 is dispersible in cold water, offering ease of use in the formulation process.
The partition coefficient of n-octanol/water indicates its suitability for both oil-in-water and water-in-oil formulations.

Temperature of viscosity measurement at 25°C ensures consistency in application and processing across different formulations.
Capigel 98 finds application in a broad range of skincare products, including moisturizers and facial creams.
Its compatibility with various active ingredients makes it a popular choice in formulations for targeted skin treatments.

Hair care products, such as styling gels and mousses, benefit from the thickening and stabilizing properties of this polymer.
Capigel 98 is integral in the creation of clear and stable sunscreen formulations, ensuring even coverage on the skin.
Formulations containing Capigel 98 often provide a smooth and non-greasy feel upon application.

With its excellent thickening capabilities, it aids in the suspension of particles, enhancing the overall product performance.
Capigel 98 serves as a stabilizing agent in emulsions, contributing to the longevity of product shelf life.

In makeup products like foundations and concealers, it assists in achieving the desired texture and coverage.
Capigel 98's crosslinked structure adds durability to formulations, preventing phase separation and maintaining product integrity.
Capigel 98 is employed in various cleansing formulations, including body washes and facial cleansers.

Its use in leave-on products, such as serums and lotions, ensures a lightweight and comfortable feel on the skin.
Overall, Capigel 98 stands as a multifunctional ingredient, providing formulators with a valuable tool for achieving desired textures, viscosities, and stability in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care applications.

PROPERTIES

Physical State: Liquid
Melting Point/Freezing Point: <0°C
pH: 2 to 4
Color: White
Flash Point: Closed cup: >100°C [Not determined.]
Density: 1.04 to 1.08 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Dispersible in cold water
Partition Coefficient (n-Octanol/Water): Information not provided
Flammability: None available
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic and personal care ingredients
Thickening Properties: Acts as a ready-to-use thickening liquid polymer that thickens instantly in aqueous mediums following neutralization.
Clarity: Produces perfectly clear gel formulas in cosmetic and personal care products.
Resistance: Exhibits very good resistance to electrolytes and polar solvents.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water.
If irritation or rash develops, seek medical advice.

Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:

If accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek medical attention.

General Advice:

If symptoms persist or if there is uncertainty about the nature of the exposure, seek medical attention.
Provide first aid responders with information about the product, including its name, composition, and safety data.

Notes for Medical Professionals:

There is no specific antidote for Capigel 98 exposure.
Treatment should be based on the symptoms and clinical judgment of the healthcare professional.
If the material has been ingested, the risk of aspiration into the lungs should be considered.

Additional Information:

Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
If a person is unconscious and there is a possibility of vomit, turn their head to the side to prevent aspiration.
In case of prolonged exposure, skin sensitization or allergic reactions may occur.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety glasses or goggles.
Use protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
In well-ventilated areas or when handling in enclosed spaces, wear respiratory protection if necessary.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust ventilation or ensure general ventilation to control airborne concentrations within recommended exposure limits.
Avoid inhalation of vapors or mists; work in well-ventilated areas.

Avoidance of Contact:
Minimize skin contact and avoid eye contact.
Use tools, equipment, and facilities designed for handling this type of material.

Prevention of Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the material.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Static Electricity:
Take precautions to prevent static discharges.
Use bonding and grounding procedures when transferring material.

Storage:

Storage Area:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents or reactive chemicals.

Temperature:
Store at temperatures indicated by the manufacturer; some materials may be sensitive to temperature variations.

Containers:
Store in the original containers or approved alternatives.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination or evaporation.

Handling Precautions:
Follow proper handling procedures to avoid spills, leaks, or other accidents.
Ensure that storage facilities comply with local regulations and are equipped with appropriate safety measures.

Separation:
Store away from heat sources, open flames, and incompatible substances.
Separate from acids, bases, and other incompatible materials.

Controlled Environment:
Maintain control measures to prevent the release of the substance into the environment.
Implement spill containment measures to prevent environmental contamination.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the storage area.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers with product information, hazard symbols, and precautionary measures.

Capric acid, also known as decanoic acid or decylic acid, is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), and carboxylic acid.
Capric acid's formula is CH3(CH2)8COOH.

CAS Number: 334-48-5
1002-62-6 (sodium salt)
EC Number: 206-376-4
INCI NAME: Capric Acid
CHEMICAL NAME: n-Decanoic Acid
Chemical formula: C10H20O2

SYNONYMS:
Decanoic acid, Caprinic acid, Caprynic acid, Decoic acid, Decylic acid, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, C10:0, Capric acid, n-Decanoic acid, n-Capric acid, Decoic acid, Decylic acid, Caprinic acid, n-Decylic acid, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, Caprynic acid, n-Decoic acid, Hexacid 1095, Econosan Acid Sanitizer, NSC 5025, Decanoic acid (natural), FEMA No. 2364, C10:0, Dekansaeure, Emery 659, Kaprinsaeure, CCRIS 4610, HSDB 2751, EINECS 206-376-4, UNII-4G9EDB6V73, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128955, BRN 1754556, 4G9EDB6V73, Lead caprate, DTXSID9021554, Prifac 296, CHEBI:30813, AI3-04453, Prifac 2906, NSC-5025, MFCD00004441, Lunac 10-95, Lunac 10-98, PRIFAC-2906, DTXCID201554, PALMAC-99-10, NSC5025, caprynate, decoate, decylate, 4-02-00-01041 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), n-caprate, n-decoate, n-decylate, NCGC00091320-02, 1-nonanecarboxylate, Decanoic acid anion, DKA, CH3-(CH2)8-COOH, CH3-[CH2]8-COOH, Versatic 10, CAS-334-48-5, caprinsaure, decansaure, Decansaeure, Docansaure, Decatoic acid, 1-decanoic acid, nonanecarboxylic acid, fatty acid 10:0, Prifrac 296, Prifrac 2906, Decanoic acid, 96%, Decansaeure (Altstoff), Nonane-1-carboxylic acid, DECANsaure (ALTSTOFF), bmse000370, CAPRIC ACID [INCI], SCHEMBL2682, WLN: QV9, DECANOIC ACID [FCC], N-CAPRIC ACID [MI], DECANOIC ACID [FHFI], DECANOIC ACID [HSDB], Decanoic acid, >=98.0%, MLS002415724, IS_D19-DECANOIC ACID, (1(1)(3)C)Decanoic acid, CHEMBL107498, GTPL5532, 1-NONANE CARBOXYLIC ACID, N-CAPRIC ACID [WHO-DD], Decanoic acid, lead (2+) salt, NAA 102, Decanoic acid, analytical standard, HMS2267B15, Decanoic acid, >=98.0% (GC), Tox21_113533, Tox21_202209, Tox21_300366, LMFA01010010, s6906, STL445666, Decanoic acid, >=98%, FCC, FG, AKOS000119623, CS-W016025, DB03600, FA 10:0, HY-W015309, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128955, NCGC00091320-01, NCGC00091320-03, NCGC00091320-04, NCGC00091320-05, NCGC00254437-01, NCGC00259758-01, AS-14704, BP-27911, FA(10:0), SMR001252255, SY061635, D0017, Decanoic acid, natural, >=98%, FCC, FG, FT-0665532, FT-0665533, EN300-19724, C-1095, C01571, D70225, A875289, CAPRIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO), Q422613, W-202368, CAPRIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC], Z104474944, B1334-066368, 98230577-0D20-4F70-B532-00AC60132CFE, 1-(S)- cis 9-Aminooctahydro-10-oxo-6H-pyridazino[1,2-a][1,2]diazepine-1-carboxylic acid, t-butyl ester, Decanoic acid, n-Capric acid, n-Decoic acid, n-Decylic acid, Capric acid, Caprinic acid, Caprynic acid, Decoic acid, Decylic acid, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, Nonane-1-carboxylic acid, neo-Fat 10, Hexacid 1095, Emery 659, Prifrac 296, 1-Decanoic acid, NSC 5025, Decanoic acid (capric acid), 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, C10:0, Caprinic acid, CH3-[CH2]8-COOH, Decanoate, Decoic acid, Decylic acid, Dekansaeure, Kaprinsaeure, N-Capric acid, N-Decanoic acid, N-Decoic acid, N-Decylic acid, 1-Nonanecarboxylate, Caprinate, Decanoic acid, Decoate, Decylate, N-Caprate, N-Decanoate, N-Decoate, N-Decylate, Caprate, Caprynate, Caprynic acid, Emery 659, Lunac 10-95, Lunac 10-98, Prifac 2906, Prifac 296, Decanoic acid, sodium salt, Sodium caprate, Sodium decanoate, FA(10:0), Decanoic acid, n-Capric acid, n-Decoic acid, n-Decylic acid, Capric acid, Caprinic acid, Caprynic acid, Decoic acid, Decylic acid, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, Nonane-1-carboxylic acid, neo-Fat 10, Hexacid 1095, Emery 659, Prifrac 296, 1-Decanoic acid, NSC 5025, Decanoic acid (capric acid), C10:0, Caprate, Capric acid, Caprinate, Caprinic acid, Caprynate, Caprynic acid, CH3-[CH2]8-COOH, Decanoate, Decanoic acid, Decanoic acid (capric acid), Decoate, Decoic acid, Decylate, Decylic acid, Dekansaeure, Kaprinsaeure, n-Caprate, n-Capric acid, n-Decanoate, n-Decanoic acid, n-Decoate, n-Decoic acid, n-Decylate, n-Decylic acid, Nonane-1-carboxylic acid, 10:0, Emery 659, Lunac 10-95, Lunac 10-98, Prifac 2906, Prifac 296, Decanoic acid, sodium salt, Sodium caprate, Sodium decanoate, FA(10:0), N-DECANOIC ACID, CAPRIC ACID, Decoic acid, C10:0, acid c-10, n-decoicacid, Caprynic acid, CAPRINIC ACID, caprate (10:0), 1-decanoic acid, 1-Decanoic acid, Capric acid, Caprinic acid, Caprynic acid, Decoic acid, Decylic acid, n-Capric acid, n-Decanoic acid, n-Decoic acid, n-Decylic acid,

Capric acid is a white crystalline solid with a rancid odor.
Melting point of Capric acid is 31.5 °C.
Capric acid is soluble in most organic solvents and in dilute nitric acid; non-toxic.

Capric acid is a C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.
Capric acid has a role as an antibacterial agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a human metabolite, a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite.

Capric acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.
Capric acid is a conjugate acid of a decanoate.
Capric acid derives from a hydride of a decade.

Capric acid is a solid.
Capric acid belongs to the straight chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with a straight aliphatic chain.

The proteins that decanoic acid targets include furin, octanoyltransferase, 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 1, peptostreptococcal albumin-binding protein, and putative uncharacterized protein tcp14.
Capric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.

Capric acid is a natural product found in Xerula pudens, Litsea glutinosa, and other organisms with data available.
Capric Acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 10-carbon backbone.
Capric acid is found naturally in the coconut and palm kernel oils as well as the milk of various mammals.

Capric acid is a member of the series of fatty acids found in oils and animal fats.
The names of Caproic, Caprylic, and Capric acids are all derived from the word caper (Latin: 'goat').
These are colorless light yellowish transparent oily liquids with unconfortable smells.

Capric acid, also known as decanoic acid or decylic acid, is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), and carboxylic acid.
Capric acid's formula is CH3(CH2)8COOH.
Salts and esters of decanoic acid are called caprates or decanoates.

The term capric acid is derived from the Latin "caper / capra" (goat) because the sweaty, unpleasant smell of the compound is reminiscent of goats.
Capric acid is a short-chain, saturated acid occurring naturally in palm and coconut oils, as well as certain types of milk.
Also known as C10 fatty acid and decanoic acid, capric acid is commonly derived from both vegetable and animal sources.

Capric Acid's formula is CH3(CH2)8COOH.
Salts and esters of decanoic acid are called caprates or decanoates.
Capric Acid is a white crystalline solid with a rancid odor.

Small amounts are present in cow's milk and goat's milk, but it is abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Capric Acid is a fatty acid.
The term capric acid is derived from the Latin "caper / capra" (goat) because the sweaty, unpleasant smell of the compound is reminiscent of goats.

Capric acid, also known as decanoic acid or decylic acid, is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), and carboxylic acid.
Capric Acid is soluble in most organic solvents and in dilute nitric acid; non-toxic.
Capric Acid is a C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.

Capric Acid has a role as an antibacterial agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a human metabolite, a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Capric acid is obtained from fractionation of a lauric-type oil.

Capric acid obtained has a melting point of about 7 ° C.
When in liquid form, Capric acid is almost colourless and with a characteristic odour.
Capric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid found in saturated fats.

Capric Acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.
Capric Acid is a conjugate acid of a decanoate.
Capric Acid derives from a hydride of a decane.

Capric acid is a solid.
Capric acid belongs to the straight chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with a straight aliphatic chain.

The proteins that decanoic acid targets include furin, octanoyltransferase, 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 1, peptostreptococcal albumin-binding protein, and putative uncharacterized protein tcp14.
Capric acid, also known as decanoic acid is a C10 saturated fatty acid.

Capric acid is a member of the series of fatty acids found in oils and animal fats.
The names of caproic, caprylic, and capric acids are all derived from the word caper (Latin for goat).
These fatty acids are light yellowish transparent oily liquids with a sweaty, unpleasant aroma that is reminiscent of goats.

Capric acid is a fatty acid blend derived from plant and vegetable oils.
Capric acid is a versatile oleochemical product, commonly used as an intermediate for medium chain triglycerides, caprylic-capric triglyceride manufacturing, glycerol esters, polyol esters, solubilizers for mineral oil, corrosion inhibitors etc.

Capric Acid is a fatty acid.
Capric acid, also known as decanoate or 10:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Capric acid.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CAPRIC ACID:
Capric acid is used flavor and Fragrance.
Capric acid is used to Manufacture Esters Used in the Production of Perfumes and Artificial Flavorings, and Food and Beverage.
Capric acid is used natural Antimicrobial Ingredient in Sanitizers for Food Contact Surfaces and Equipment, Particularly in Meat Processing Plants, Breweries and Wineries.

Capric acid is also used in Animal Feed Lubricants and Greases, Manufacture of Lubricating Grease, Metal Working Fluids, Solubilizer for Mineral Oils, Personal Care, Natural Antimicrobial Ingredient.
Capric acidlso acts as an Emulsifier and emollient, and Plastics.

Capric acid is used in Plasticizers, and Rubber.
Capric acid is used in the Manufacture of Synthetic Rubber, Textiles.
Capric acid is used in Textile Treatments and the Manufacture of Dyes.

Capric acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.
Capric acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.
Capric acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.

Capric acid is used to make esters for perfumes and fruit flavors and as an intermediate for food-grade additives.
These are used in organic synthesis, manufacture of perfume, medicine, lubricating grease, rubber and dye.
Capric acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.

Capric acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.
Capric acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.

Capric acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.
Capric acid is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.
Capric acid, caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid) account for about 15% of the fatty acids in goat milk fat (PMID 16747831).

Capric Acid is used manufacturing of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.
Capric Acid is used to make esters for perfumes and fruit flavors and as an intermediate for food-grade additives.
Capric Acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.

Capric Acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.
Capric Acid is used Intermediates of Liquid Crystals.

To Manufacture Esters, Capric Acid is used in the Production of Perfumes and Artificial Flavorings.
Food and Beverage uses of Capric Acid: Natural Antimicrobial Ingredient in Sanitizers for Food Contact Surfaces and Equipment, Particularly in Meat Processing Plants, Breweries, and Wineries.

Capric Acid is also Used in Animal Feed, Lubricants and Greases, Manufacture of Lubricating Grease, Metal Working Fluids, and Solubilizer for Mineral Oils.
Personal Care uses of Capric Acid: Natural Antimicrobial Ingredient.
Capric Acid also Acts as an Emulsifier and emollient.

Capric Acid is used in plastics.
Capric Acid is used in Plasticizers and Rubber
Capric Acid is used in the Manufacture of Synthetic Rubber, and Textiles.

Capric Acid can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture).
Capric Acid is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, fertilisers, plant protection products, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.

Capric Acid is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Capric Acid is used in the following products: polymers, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, fertilisers, inks and toners, pH regulators and water treatment products and metal working fluids.

Release to the environment of Capric Acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Capric acid may be responsible for the mitochondrial proliferation associated with the ketogenic diet, which may occur via PPARgamma receptor agonism and the targeting of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.

Capric acid as a soluble liquid and can be used in any process in which a conventional, animal-based product is typically employed.
Capric acid is commonly used as an artificial flavor in food, as a natural antimicrobial sanitizer in food processing plants and certain personal care products, and as a solubilizer for mineral oil.

Capric Acid is used in manufacturing of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.
Capric Acid is used manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes; as an intermediate in other chemical syntheses.
Capric acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.

Capric Acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.
Capric Acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.

Capric Acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Capric Acid is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: food and animals feeds, controlling insects, ants, etc., repelling or attracting pests.

Release to the environment of Capric Acid can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and industrial abrasion processing with high release rate (e.g. sanding operations or paint stripping by shot-blasting).

Other release to the environment of Capric Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Capric Acid can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Capric Acid is used in the following products: polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, adhesives and sealants, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases and washing & cleaning products.

Capric Acid is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Capric Acid can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Release to the environment of Capric Acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Capric Acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses. Furthermore, Capric Acid is used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of lubricants, greases, rubber, plastics, and dyes.

Capric acid is also used as an agent for organic synthesis in many manufacturing processes, as well as an ester that facilitates the absorption of certain drugs into fatty tissue.
Capric Acid is used in Textile Treatments and the Manufacture of Dyes.

Capric Acid is typically used in soaps, creams, and lotion applications.
Capric acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.
Capric Acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.

Capric acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.
Capric acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.

Capric Acid is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.
Capric acid, caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid) account for about 15% of the fatty acids in goat milk fat.
Capric Acid is used Consumer Products, Amines, Betaines, Blends, Detergents, Household Cleaners, Surfactants, Flavors & Fragrances, Esters, Fragrance Additives, Food & Pharma, Medicinal, Organic Synthesis, Lubricants, Fluids & Oilfield, Esters, Personal Care, Blends, Emollients, and Esters.

Capric acid is most commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care, food/beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.
Other release to the environment of Capric Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Capric acid is used for a variety of industrial and manufacturing processes.
Capric acid is mainly obtained from fractionation of a lauric-type oil. Capric acid obtained has a freezing point of 31 ° C.
Capric acid is solid at room temperature, white opaque and with a characteristic pungent odor.

Capric acid is used fractionated fatty acids are mainly applied to the manufacture of: Amines, esters, fatty alcohols, peroxides, fragrances, flavors, surface finishing, lubricants, metal soaps, cosmetics, animal feed, paper, plastics, detergents, chemicals, resins and coatings.
Capric Acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.

Capric Acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals
Capric Acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.

Capric Acid is used to make esters for perfumes and fruit flavors and as an intermediate for food-grade additives.
Capric Acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, air care products, polishes and waxes and plant protection products.

Other release to the environment of Capric Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Capric acid is used in the production of methyl caprylate/caprate, a lubricant in the plastic industry.

Application of Capric acid include cosmetics, personal care, food & flavors, lubricants, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals, textiles, paper, emulsion polymerization, paints, crop protection, brewing.
These are colorless light yellowish transparent oily liquids with unconfortable smells.

Capric Acid is used flavor and Fragrance.
Capric Acid is used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.
These are used in organic synthesis, manufacture of perfume, medicine, lubricating grease, rubber and dye.

Capric Acid is used for a variety of industrial and manufacturing processes.
Capric acid is commonly used as an artificial flavor in food, as a natural antimicrobial sanitizer in food processing plants and certain personal care products, and as a solubilizer for mineral oil.

Capric Acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.
Capric Acid is also used as an agent for organic synthesis in many manufacturing processes, as well as an ester that facilitates the absorption of certain drugs into fatty tissue.

-Pharmaceuticals uses of Capric acid:
Caprate ester prodrugs of various pharmaceuticals are available.
Since capric acid is a fatty acid, forming a salt or ester with a drug will increase its lipophilicity and its affinity for adipose tissue.
Since distribution of a drug from fatty tissue is usually slow, one may develop a long-acting injectable form of a drug (called a depot injection) by using its caprate form.
Some examples of drugs available as a caprate ester include nandrolone (as nandrolone decanoate), fluphenazine (as fluphenazine decanoate), bromperidol (as bromperidol decanoate), and haloperidol (as haloperidol decanoate).

-Pharmaceuticals:
Decanoate salts and esters of various drugs are available.
Since Capric Acid is a fatty acid, forming a salt or ester with a drug will increase its lipophilicity and its affinity for fatty tissue.
Since distribution of a drug from fatty tissue is usually slow, one may develop a long-acting injectable form of a drug (called a Depot injection) by using Capric Acid's decanoate form.
Some examples of drugs available as a decanoate ester or salt include nandrolone, fluphenazine, bromperidol, haloperidol and vanoxerine.

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF CAPRIC ACID:
*Straight chain fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds

SUBSTITUENTS OF CAPRIC ACID:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Straight chain fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

OCCURRENCE OF CAPRIC ACID:
Reported Capric Acid is found in apples, beer, preferments of bread, butter, oil, cheese, blue cheese, Romano cheese, cheddar cheese, Roquefort cheese, roasted cocoa bean, cognac, muscat grape, grape musts, and wine, and other natural sources.
Also reported Capric Acid is found in citrus peel oils, orange juice, apricots, guava, papaya, strawberry, butter, yogurt, milk, mutton, hop oil, Bourbon and Scotch whiskey, rum, coffee, mango, and tea.

WHAT DOES CAPRIC ACID DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Masking
*Surfactant
*Perfuming

PRODUCTION OF CAPRIC ACID:
Capric acid can be prepared from oxidation of the primary alcohol decanol by using chromium trioxide (CrO3) oxidant under acidic conditions.
Neutralization of capric acid or saponification of its triglyceride esters with sodium hydroxide yields sodium caprate, CH3(CH2)8CO−2Na+.
This salt is a component of some types of soap.

THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF CAPRIC ACID AND CAPRYLIC ACİD:
Capric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid found in saturated fats.
Small amounts are present in cow's milk and goat's milk, but Capric Acid is abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Caprylic acid is a fatty acid that is found naturally in coconut and breast milk.
This saturated fatty acid, Capric Acid, also known as octanoic acid, is also present in butter and palm oil.
Find out about the health benefits of caprylic acid and capric acid.

BENEFITS OF CAPRIC ACID:
1. Antiviral:
Capric acid has strong antiviral and antimicrobial properties.
Capric acid is converted into monocaprin in the body, where it can help combat viruses, bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans.
Solutions containing monocaprin may be used as a denture disinfectant per a June 2009 study in the Scandinavian dental journal Acta Odontologica Scandinavica.

2. Energy:
Saturated fats comprise long-chain fatty acids (LCTs), which undergo a long digestive process in your body and are not a healthy energy source.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) such as capric acid are broken down quickly and processed in the liver, and can be used as a source of energy to power your workouts.
In fact, when athletes ate food with MCTs instead of LCTs for 2 weeks, they were able to work out for longer and harder, according to a 2009 study in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology.

3. Weight Loss:
MCTs such as capric acid may lead to greater energy expenditure and assist fat and weight loss, according to a small March 2003 study in Obesity Research.
You should discuss any weight-loss plans with your doctor, including proposed dietary changes and exercise.

4. Acne:
Capric acid was shown as an effective treatment for acne thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties, per a March 2014 study in the Journal of Dermatological Science.

OCCURRENCE OF CAPRIC ACID:
Capric acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.
Capric acid is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.
Two other acids are named after goats: caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid).
Along with capric acid, these total 15% in goat milk fat.

PRODUCTION OF CAPRIC ACID:
Capric acid can be prepared from oxidation of the primary alcohol decanol by using chromium trioxide (CrO3) oxidant under acidic conditions.
Neutralization of capric acid or saponification of its triglyceride esters with sodium hydroxide yields sodium caprate, CH3(CH2)8CO−2Na+.
This salt is a component of some types of soap.

PHARMACEUTICALS, CAPRIC ACID:
Caprate ester prodrugs of various pharmaceuticals are available. Since capric acid is a fatty acid, forming a salt or ester with a drug will increase its lipophilicity and its affinity for adipose tissue.
Since the distribution of a drug from fatty tissue is usually slow, one may develop a long-acting injectable form of a drug (called a depot injection) by using Capric Acid's caprate form.
Some examples of drugs available as a caprate ester include nandrolone (as nandrolone decanoate), fluphenazine (as fluphenazine decanoate), bromperidol (as bromperidol decanoate), and haloperidol (as haloperidol decanoate).

OCCURRENCE OF CAPRIC ACID:
Capric acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.
Capric Acid is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.
Two other acids are named after goats: caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid).
Along with capric acid, these total 15% in goat milk fat.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CAPRIC ACID:
Chemical formula: C10H20O2
Molar mass: 172.268 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals
Odor: Strong rancid and unpleasant
Density: 0.893 g/cm3 (25 °C)
0.8884 g/cm3 (35.05 °C)
0.8773 g/cm3 (50.17 °C)
Melting point: 31.6 °C (88.9 °F; 304.8 K)
Boiling point: 268.7 °C (515.7 °F; 541.8 K)
Solubility in water: 0.015 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether, CHCl3, C6H6, CS2, acetone
log P: 4.09
Vapor pressure: 4.88·10−5 kPa (25 °C)
0.1 kPa (108 °C)
2.03 kPa (160 °C)

Acidity (pKa): 4.9
Thermal conductivity: 0.372 W/m·K (solid)
0.141 W/m·K (liquid)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4288 (40 °C)
Viscosity: 4.327 cP (50 °C), 2.88 cP (70 °C)
Crystal structure: Monoclinic (−3.15 °C)
Space group: P21/c
Lattice constant:
a = 23.1 Å, b = 4.973 Å, c = 9.716 Å
α = 90°, β = 91.28°, γ = 90°
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C): 475.59 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −713.7 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 6079.3 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight: 172.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 4.1

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 172.146329876 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 172.146329876 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 110
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 334-48-5
EC index number: 607-709-00-X
EC number: 206-376-4
Hill Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O₂
Chemical formula: CH₃(CH₂)₈COOH
Molar Mass: 172.26 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 90 70
Density: 0.89 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 147 °C
Melting Point: 29 - 32 °C
pH value: 4 (0.2 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.13 hPa (79 °C)
Bulk density: 690 kg/m3
Physical state: crystalline
Color: white, to, light yellow
Odor: rancid
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 27 - 32 °C - lit.

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 268 - 270 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 147 °C - closed cup - ASTM D 93
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: ca.4 at 0,2 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: 6 mm2/s at 40 °C - (ECHA)
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,0618 g/l at 25 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 4,09 - Potential bioaccumulation
Vapor pressure: 0,13 hPa at 79 °C
Density: 0,893 g/mL at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available

Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Solubility in other solvents: Ethanol 50 g/l at 20 °C
Surface tension: 34,4 mN/m at 20 - 25 °C
Chemical Formula: C10H20O2
Average Molecular Weight: 172.2646
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 172.146329884
IUPAC Name: decanoic acid
Traditional Name: capric acid
CAS Registry Number: 334-48-5
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
InChI Key: GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

IUPAC Name: decanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: capric acid
Formula: C10H20O2
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
InChI Key: GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular weight: 172.2646
Exact mass: 172.146329884
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
Chemical Formula: C10H20O2
Average Molecular Mass: 172.265 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 172.146 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 334-48-5
IUPAC Name: decanoic acid
Traditional Name: capric acid

SMILES: CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
InChI Key: InChIKey=GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 172.26
APPEARANCE: Clear, colorless to slight yellow liquid
DENSITY: 0.88 g/cm3
ASSAY: 97% MIN.
BOILING POINT: 269 °C
MELTING POINT: 28 - 31 °C
FLASH POINT: 150 °C
ODOR: Acrid, pungent and irritating
ACID VALUE: 321 - 329
COLOR (GARDNER): 1 MAX.

IODINE VALUE: 0.5 MAX.
TITER: 28 - 32 °C
CLASS: Fractionated Fatty Acids
MARKET: Oleochemicals
Water Solubility: 0.095 g/L
logP: 3.93
logP: 3.59
logS: -3.3
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.95
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Refractivity: 49.48 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 21.61 Å³

Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: Yes
CBNumber:CB1669961
Molecular Formula:C10H20O2
Molecular Weight:172.26
MDL Number:MFCD00004441
MOL File:334-48-5.mol
Melting point: 27-32 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 268-270 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.893 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 15 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
refractive index: 1.4169
FEMA: 2364 | DECANOIC ACID

Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 4.79±0.10(Predicted)
form: Crystalline Solid
color: White
PH: 4 (0.2g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Odor Type: fatty
Viscosity: 6 mm2/s
Water Solubility: 0.15 g/L (20 º C)
Merck: 14,1758
JECFA Number: 105
BRN: 1754556
Stability: Stable.
LogP: 4.1 at 20℃

Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): DECANOIC ACID
CAS DataBase Reference: 334-48-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 4G9EDB6V73
NIST Chemistry Reference: Decanoic acid(334-48-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Decanoic acid (334-48-5)
Chemical Formula: C10H20O2
Average Molecular Weight: 172.2646
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 172.146329884
IUPAC Name: Decanoic acid
Traditional Name: Capric acid
CAS Registry Number: 334-48-5
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
InChI Key: GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

FIRST AID MEASURES of CAPRIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Call a physician immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CAPRIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CAPRIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CAPRIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CAPRIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CAPRIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

cas no 334-48-5 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid; Acid C10; C10:0; Decanoic acid; NSC 5025; Neo-fat 10; n-Capric Acid; n-Decoic acid; Caprinic acid; Decylic acid; n-Decanoic Acid; n-Decylic acid; Nonanecarboxylic acid;

cas no 110-42-9 Methyl decanoate 98% ; Decanoic acid methyl ester; Methyl caprate;

Capric Alcohol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Capric Alcohol is a fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.

CAS Number: 112-30-1
EC Number: 203-956-9
MDL number: MFCD00004747
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)9OH

Capric Alcohol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula C10H21OH.
Capric Alcohol is a colorless to light yellow viscous liquid that is insoluble in water and has an aromatic odor.
The interfacial tension of Capric Alcohol against water at 20 °C is 8.97 mN/m.

Capric Alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweet fat-like odor.
The flash point of Capric Alcohol is 180 °F.
Capric Alcohol is less dense than water and insoluble in water.

The Capric Alcohol'sapors are heavier than air.
Capric Alcohol is a fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.
Capric Alcohol has a role as a metabolite, a protic solvent and a pheromone.

Capric Alcohol is a primary alcohol and a decanol.
Capric Alcohol is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Cichorium endivia, and other organisms with data available.
Capric Alcohol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Capric Alcohol, or decyl alcohol, is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Capric Alcohol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.
Capric Alcohol is colorless and has a strong odour.

Capric Alcohol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols.
These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms.
Capric Alcohol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.

Capric Alcohol is colorless and has a strong odour.
Capric Alcohol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Capric Alcohol is soluble in alcohol, ether. Insoluble in water.

Capric Alcohol is miscible with carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform and glacial acetic acid.
Capric Alcohol is immiscible with water.
Capric Alcohol is a long-chain fatty alcohol.

Capric Alcohol is represented by the chemical formula C10H21OH.
This colorless liquid, Capric Alcohol, carries a floral scent.
While insoluble in water, Capric Alcohol is soluble in many organic solvents such as ether, ethanol, and benzene.

Capric Alcohol is a palm-oil derived fatty alcohol with a wide range of industry applications.
Capric Alcohol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula C10H21OH.
Capric Alcohol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water and has a strong odor.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
Capric Alcohol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.
Capric Alcohol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.
Its ability to permeate the skin has led to Capric Alcohol being investigated as a penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery.

Derived from natural sources like palm kernel oil and coconut oil, Capric Alcohol can also be manufactured from petroleum-based feedstocks.
Capric Alcohol is extensively used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and flavors, acting as an integral element in the production of esters, lubricants, surfactants.

Capric Alcohol is used in the production of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.
Capric Alcohol is also used to study the thermal properties of polymer-monolithic stationary phases.
Further, it is used to enhance homomeric glycine receptor function. In addition to this, Capric Alcohol is used in daily flavor, food flavor and cosmetics.

Capric Alcohol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.
Capric Alcohol is used primarily as a chemical intermediate in surfactants containing fatty alcohol sulfates and ethoxylates.
Capric Alcohol is also used as a thickener, emollient and foam control agent in soaps and personal care products, among other applications. A certified kosher version is available – contact Acme-Hardesty directly for more information.

Surfactants and Esters Uses of Capric Alcohol: A Chemical Intermediate to Make Fatty Alcohol Sulfates and Ethoxylates
Lubricants, Grease & Metalworking uses of Capric Alcohol: Corrosion Inhibitor
Personal Care & Cosmetics uses of Capric Alcohol: Thickener, Emollient, Viscosity Builder, Solubilizer, Dispersant and Emulsifier in Haircare and Skincare Products.

Household and industrial Cleaning uses of Capric Alcohol: Foam Control, Emollient, Surfactant, Wetting Agent, Dispersant
Textiles uses of Capric Alcohol: Softener, Antistatic Agent, Foam Control Agent.
Capric Alcohol can be prepared by the hydrogenation of decanoic acid, which occurs in modest quantities in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%).

Capric Alcohol may also be produced synthetically via the Ziegler process.
Capric Alcohol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.
Capric Alcohol's ability to permeate the skin has led to it being investigated as a penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery.

PRODUCTION OF CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
Capric Alcohol can be prepared by the hydrogenation of decanoic acid, which occurs in modest quantities in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%).
Capric Alcohol may also be produced synthetically via the Ziegler process.

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
*Primary alcohols
*Hydrocarbon derivatives

SUBSTITUENTS OF CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
*Fatty alcohol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
CAS Number: 112-30-1
Molecular Weight: 158.28
Beilstein: 1735221
MDL number: MFCD00004747
Chemical formula: C10H21OH
Molar mass: 158.28 g/mol
Appearance: Viscous liquid
Density: 0.8297 g/cm3
Melting point: 6.4 °C (43.5 °F; 279.5 K)
Boiling point: 232.9 °C (451.2 °F; 506.0 K)
Solubility in water: 37 mg/L at 20°C
log P: 4.57
Viscosity: 12.048 mPa.s (@ 25 °C)
Flash point: 108 °C (226 °F; 381 K)
Molecular Formula: C10H22O
Molecular Weight: 158.28
CAS Registry Number: 112-30-1
EINECS: 203-956-9
FEMA: 2365
Density: 0.829

Melting point: 6 ºC
Boiling point: 220-240 ºC
Refractive index: 1.436-1.438
Flash point: 82 ºC
Water solubility: insoluble
application(s): pharmaceutical (small molecule)
autoignition temp.: 550 °F
bp: 231 °C (lit.)
density: 0.829 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
format: neat
grade: pharmaceutical primary standard
InChI: 1S/C10H22O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
InChI key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
mp: 5-7 °C (lit.)
refractive index: n20/D 1.437 (lit.)
SMILES string: CCCCCCCCCCO
storage temp.: 2-8°C
vapor density: 4.5 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mmHg ( 70 °C), 8.25 mmHg ( 100 °C)
Weight Average: 158.2811

Monoisotopic: 158.167065326
InChI Key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H22O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
IUPAC Name: decan-1-ol
Traditional IUPAC Name: decanol
Chemical Formula: C10H22O
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCO
CAS number: 112-30-1
EC number: 203-956-9
Hill Formula: C₁₀H₂₂O
Chemical formula: CH₃(CH₂)₉OH
Molar Mass: 158.28 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 19 00
Boiling point: 220 - 235 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.8306 g/cm3 (20 °C) DIN 51757
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 5.7 %(V)
Flash point: 95 °C DIN 51758
Ignition temperature: 254 °C
Melting Point: 5 - 7 °C
Vapor pressure: Solubility: 21.1 mg/l
Molecular Weight: 158.28 g/mol

XLogP3: 4.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 158.167065321 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 158.167065321 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Å��
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 61.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: solid
Color: colorless
Odor: aromatic
Melting point/freezing point:
Pour point: 6 °C at 1.013 hPa

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 229 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 5,7 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,9 %(V)
Flash point: ca.95 °C at ca.1.013 hPa -
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: ca.14,1 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,0211 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 4,5 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: < 1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,8306 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information:
Surface tension: 35,8 mN/m at 0,0316g/l at 22,5 °C
Relative vapor density: 5,46 - (Air = 1.0)
Chemical Formula: C10H22O
Average Molecular Weight: 158.2811
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 158.167065326
IUPAC Name: decan-1-ol
Traditional Name: decanol
CAS Registry Number: 112-30-1
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCO
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C10H22O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
InChI Key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS: 112-30-1
Molecular Formula: C10H22O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 158.285
MDL Number: MFCD00004747
InChI Key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 8174
ChEBI: CHEBI:28903
IUPAC Name: decan-1-ol
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCO

FIRST AID MEASURES of CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CAPRIC ALCOHOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

SYNONYMS:
1-Decanol
n-Decyl alcohol
Alcohol C10
Decan-1-ol
decyl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol
capric alcohol
epal 10
antak
agent 504
1-DECANOL
Decan-1-ol
Decyl alcohol
112-30-1
Decanol
n-Decyl alcohol
n-Decanol
Capric alcohol
Nonylcarbinol
Antak
Caprinic alcohol
Royaltac
n-Decan-1-ol
Agent 504
Alcohol C-10
Primary decyl alcohol
Alfol 10
n-Decatyl alcohol
Epal 10
Royaltac M-2
Royaltac-85
Decylic alcohol
Sipol L10
1-Hydroxydecane
Lorol 22
Dytol S-91
Alcohol C10
Decanol (VAN)
Kalcohl 10H
C 10 alcohol
DECYL, N- ALCOHOL
Conol 10N
Epal 810
Nacol 10-99
85566-12-7
FEMA No. 2365
T-148
36729-58-5
NSC 406313
Decanol-(1)
Lorol C10
DTXSID7021946
CHEBI:28903
89V4LX791F
NSC406313
NSC-406313
n-Nonylcarbinol
Sprout-Off
1-Decanol, >=98%
C10 alcohol
DTXCID501946
1-Decanol (natural)
Kalcohl 1098
Alfol 810
Caswell No. 275A
Emtrol 1630B
Contak
Delete
FEMA Number 2365
CAS-112-30-1
CCRIS 654
DECYLALCOHOL
HSDB 1072
Emtrol 1601
T-148 (VAN)
EINECS 203-956-9
EINECS 287-621-2
MFCD00004747
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079038
BRN 1735221
Nonylcacarbinol
Panorama
n-decylalcohol
Nonyl acarbinol
UNII-6X61I5U3A4
UNII-89V4LX791F
AI3-02173
?Decyl alcohol
T 148
Decyl n- alcohol
EINECS 253-173-1
ALFOL 10 ALCOHOL
1-Decanol n-Decyl alcohol
1-Decanol; Capric alcohol
1-DECANOL [FHFI]
1-DECANOL [HSDB]
EC 203-956-9
DECYL ALCOHOL [FCC]
SCHEMBL21645
DECYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
4-01-00-01815 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
66455-17-2
BIDD:ER0304
CHEMBL25363
N-DECYL ALCOHOL [MI]
1-Decanol, analytical standard
WLN: Q10
1-decanol (ACD/Name 4.0)
NACOL 10-99 ALCOHOL
CAPRIC ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
BDBM36280
6X61I5U3A4
Tox21_202186
Tox21_300078
LMFA05000062
STL280520
1-Decanol, >=98%, FCC, FG
AKOS000120014
NCGC00163764-01
NCGC00163764-02
NCGC00163764-03
NCGC00163764-04
NCGC00254141-01
NCGC00259735-01
AS-56505
1-Decanol, Selectophore(TM), >=98.0%
D0031
FT-0607691
EN300-19920
C01633
Q47118
A802549
J-002747
F0001-0257
476960DD-B0CE-4D91-B27C-A9490A89B065
Capric alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
InChI=1/C10H22O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H
Decyl alcohol
n-Decan-1-ol
n-Decanol
n-Decyl alcohol
Alcohol C10
Alfol 10
Capric alcohol
Caprinic alcohol
Decanol
Nonylcarbinol
Sipol L10
T-148
Decylic Alcohol
Decan-1-ol
Decanol-(1)
Agent 504
Antak
Dytol S-91
Decyl, n- alcohol
Lorol 22
Primary decyl alcohol
Royaltac
C 10 alcohol
Epal 10
Royaltac-85
Royaltac M-2
Lorol C10
Nonylcacarbinol
1-Hydroxydecane
Conol 10N
Kalcohl 10H
NSC 406313
Nacol 10-99
Capric Alcohol
Caprinic Alcohol
Decanol, Decanol-(1)
Decyl Alcohol
Decyl N-Alcohol
N-Decan-1-ol
N-Decanol
N-Decyl Alcohol
Nonylcarbinol
1-Decanol
Capric alcohol
Caprinic alcohol
N-Decan-1-ol
N-Decanol
N-Decyl alcohol
Nonylcarbinol
1-Decanol (acd/name 4.0)
Agent 504
Alcohol C-10
Alcohol C10
Alfol 10
Antak
Decan-1-ol
Decanol
Decanol-(1)
Decyl N- alcohol
Decylic alcohol
Epal 10
Lorol C10
N-Decatyl alcohol
Nonyl acarbinol
Panorama
Paranol
Primary decyl alcohol
Royaltac
Royaltac m-2
Royaltac-85
N-Decyl alcohol, titanium salt
N-Decyl alcohol, sodium salt
N-Decyl alcohol, aluminum salt
N-Decyl alcohol, magnesium salt
Decyl alcohol
1-Decanol
Capric alcohol
Caprinic alcohol
N-Decan-1-ol
N-Decanol
N-Decyl alcohol
Nonylcarbinol
1-Decanol (acd/name 4.0)
Agent 504
Alcohol C-10
Alcohol C10
Alfol 10
Antak
Decan-1-ol
Decanol HMDB
Decanol-(1)
Decyl N- alcohol
Decylic alcohol
Epal 10 HMDB
Lorol C10
N-Decatyl alcohol
Nonyl acarbinol
Panorama
Paranol
Primary decyl alcohol
Royaltac
Royaltac m-2
Royaltac-85
N-Decyl alcohol, titanium salt
N-Decyl alcohol, sodium salt
N-Decyl alcohol, aluminum salt
N-Decyl alcohol, magnesium salt
Decyl alcohol

Cyclohexanone; Iso-oxime; Hexahydro-2H-Azepin-2-one; Aminocaproic lactam; Hexahydro-2-azepinone; Hexahydro-2H-azepin-2-one; 6-amino-Hexanoic acid, cyclic lactam; 2-Azacycloheptanone; 2-Ketohexamethylenimine; 2-Oxohexamethylenimine; 2-Perhydroazepinone; 6-Caprolactam; 6-Hexanelactam; 6-Aminohexanoic acid cyclic lactam; 1,6-Hexolactam; 2-Ketohexamethyleneimine; Caprolactam monomer; Caprolattame; Cyclohexanone iso-oxime; Epsylon kaprolaktam; Hexamethylenimine, Hexanone isoxime; Hexanonisoxim; 1-Aza-2-cycloheptanone CAS NO:105-60-2

Caproic Acid is an aliphatic acid.
Caproic Acid is a colorless or slightly yellow oily liquid with an odor of Limburger cheese.

CAS Number: 142-62-1
EC Number: 205-550-7
MDL number: MFCD00004421
INCI NAME: “Caproic acid”
CHEMICAL NAME: Caproic Acid, Hexanoic Acid
Molecular Formula: C6H12O2 / CH3(CH2)4COOH

Caproic Acid is a colorless or slightly yellow oily liquid with an odor of Limburger cheese.
Caproic Acid is a white solid or colorless to light yellow solution with an unpleasant odor.
Caproic Acid is clear colorless liquid with a stench.

Caproic Acid is a colourless to very pale yellow, oily liquid/cheesy, sweat-like odour
Caproic Acid is miscible with alcohol, most fixed oils, ether, 1 ml in 250 ml water
Caproic Acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.

These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
Caproic Acid is an aliphatic acid.
Caproic acid, also known as hexanoic acid or C6:0, is a medium-chain fatty acid.

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 6 to 12 carbons, which can form medium-chain triglycerides.
Caproic acid is a colourless oily liquid that smells like cheese with an overlying waxy or barnyard odor like that of goats or other barnyard animals.
Its name comes from the Latin word capra, meaning "goat".

Two other fatty acids are named after goats: caprylic acid (C8) and capric acid (C10).
Along with caproic acid, they account for 15% of the fat in goat's milk.
Caproic acid is a fatty acid found naturally in various animal fats and oils.

While generally more abundant in animals, caproic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals.
Caproic acid is one of the chemicals that gives the decomposing fleshy seed coat of the ginkgo fruit its characteristic unpleasant odor.
Caproic Acid is also one of the components of vanilla and cheese. Industrially, the primary use of caproic acid is in the manufacture of its esters for use as artificial flavors and in the manufacture of hexyl derivatives, such as hexylphenols.

Caproic acid has been associated with medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
As a relatively volatile organic compound, caproic acid has been identified as a fecal biomarker of Clostridium difficile infection
Caproic Acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.

These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
Caproic Acid, the common name for hexanoic acid, a short-chain saturated fatty acid that can be created by the metabolic activity of yeasts.
Caproic Acid is one of three fatty acids named in relation to Capra, the genus of goats; the others are caprylic and capric acids.

The names are derived from the high amounts of these fatty acids found in goat’s milk, which give the milk its characteristic odor and flavor.
Caproic acid gives a normal flavor in goat’s milk, but it is usually not desirable in beer.
In beer Caproic Acid has a pungent, sweaty, cheesy aroma.

Caproic Acid is excreted by yeast during extended lagering at warm temperatures and high yeast cell counts.
The condition of the yeast also influences fatty acid excretion and beers fermented warm under pressure show increased concentrations of these fatty acids (and corresponding esters) during lagering.

Normal amounts of Caproic Acid are in the 1–2 ppm range, whereas increased amounts can have negative effects on both foam and taste.
To avoid these effects, brewers often remove yeast as soon as feasible after fermentation.
Where time is an issue, a centrifuge is sometimes used between fermentation and lagering tanks, although in this case the process is usually calibrated to leave some yeast behind to assist in maturation.

“Wild” Brettanomyces yeast strains tend to produce caproic acid in large amounts, and although this creates flavors unsuitable for most beer styles, some brewers may desire it as a complexing agent.
Caproic acid is a major feature of lambic aromatics and beers intentionally inoculated with Brettanomyces cultures will often show distinctly “funky” characteristics.

Caproic Acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Caproic acid, also known as hexanoic acid, is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)4COOH.

Caproic Acid is a colorless oily liquid with an odor that is fatty, cheesy, waxy, and like that of goats or other barnyard animals.
Salts and esters of caproic acid are known as caproates or hexanoates.
Several progestin medications are caproate esters, such as hydroxyprogesterone caproate and gestonorone caproate.

Two other acids are named after goats: caprylic acid (C8) and capric acid (C10).
Along with caproic acid, they account for 15% of the fat in goat's milk.
Caproic, caprylic, and capric acids (capric is a crystal- or wax-like substance, whereas the other two are mobile liquids) are not only used for the formation of esters, but also commonly used "neat" in: butter, milk, cream, strawberry, bread, beer, nut, and other flavors.

Caproic Acid appears as a white crystalline solid or colorless to light yellow solution with an unpleasant odor.
Caproic Acid is insoluble to slightly soluble in water and less dense than water.
Caproic Acid is a C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.

Caproic Acid has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite.
Caproic Acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.
Caproic Acid is a conjugate acid of a hexanoate.

Caproic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Caproic Acid is a natural product found in Staphisagria macrosperma, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and other organisms with data available.
Caproic Acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 6-carbon backbone.

Caproic acid is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils.
Caproic Acid is a colorless oily liquid smelling of cheese.
Caproic Acid is a fatty acid found naturally in various animal fats and oils.
Caproic Acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CAPROIC ACID:
Caproic Acid is used to make esters for artificial flavors, hexyl derivatives, rubber chemicals, varnish driers, resins, and pharmaceuticals.
Caproic Acid is also used in analytical chemistry and insect attractants.
Caproic Acid is used to make perfumes.

Caproic Acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Caproic Acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants, finger paints, air care products, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.

Release to the environment of Caproic Acid can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and industrial abrasion processing with high release rate (e.g. sanding operations or paint stripping by shot-blasting).

Other release to the environment of Caproic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).

Caproic Acid can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Other release to the environment of Caproic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Caproic Acid can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture) and paper used for packaging (excluding food packaging).

Caproic Acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, plant protection products, lubricants and greases and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Caproic Acid is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.

Caproic Acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products, textile, leather or fur and machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of Caproic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Caproic Acid is used in the following products: polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products, leather treatment products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of Caproic Acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Caproic Acid is used in the following products: polymers, textile treatment products and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products, leather treatment products, washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants and lubricants and greases.
Caproic Acid is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.

Caproic Acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, machinery and vehicles and food products.
Release to the environment of Caproic Acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as processing aid and as processing aid.

Release to the environment of Caproic Acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Caproic Acid is a medium chain triglycerides (MCT).
MCTs are widely used for parenteral nutrition in individuals requiring supplemental nutrition and are being more widely used in foods, drugs and cosmetics; they are essentially non-toxic.

Caproic Acid is safe for human dietary consumption up to levels of 1g/kg.
Caproic Acid is a fatty acid found naturally in various animal fats and oils, and is one of the chemicals that gives the decomposing fleshy seed coat of the ginkgo its characteristic unpleasant odor.

Caproic Acid is also one of the components of vanilla and cheese.
The primary use of caproic acid is in the manufacture of its esters for use as artificial flavors, and in the manufacture of hexyl derivatives, such as hexylphenols.
Caproic Acid is used to make perfumes.

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF CAPROIC ACID:
*Straight chain fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds

SUBSTITUENTS OF CAPROIC ACID:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Straight chain fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CAPROIC ACID:
Chemical formula: C6H12O2
Molar mass: 116.160 g·mol−1
Appearance: Oily liquid
Odor: goat-like
Density: 0.929 g/cm3
Melting point: −3.4 °C (25.9 °F; 269.8 K)
Boiling point: 205.8 °C (402.4 °F; 478.9 K)
Solubility in water: 1.082 g/100 mL
Solubility: soluble in ethanol, ether
Acidity (pKa): 4.88
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −78.55·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.4170
Viscosity: 3.1 mP
Molecular Weight: 116.16 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 116.083729621 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.083729621 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 68.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS NUMBER: 142-62-1
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 116.2
BEILSTEIN REGISTRY NUMBER: 773837
EC NUMBER: 205-550-7
MDL NUMBER: MFCD00004421
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: Stench.
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -3 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 204 - 205 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 10 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 2 %(V)
Flash point: 102 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 380 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility. 10,3 g/l at 25 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,75 at 25 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 72 °C, 0,24 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,927 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information:
Dissociation constant 4,88
Relative vapor density: 4,01 - (Air = 1.0)
Molecular weight: 116.16
Chemical formula: C6H12O2
Physical form/odour: colourless to very pale yellow, oily liquid/cheesy, sweat-like odour
Solubility: miscible with alcohol, most fixed oils, ether, 1 ml in 250 ml water
Solubility in ethanol: -
Boiling point (°C): 205°
Assay min %: 98.0%
Acid value max: -
Refractive index: 1.415-1.418
Specific gravity: 0.923-0.928
Other requirements: Solidification Pt: > -4.5°
Chemical Formula: C6H12O2
Average Molecular Weight: 116.1583
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 116.083729628
IUPAC Name: hexanoic acid
Traditional Name: hexanoic acid

CAS Registry Number: 142-62-1
SMILES: CCCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H12O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8/h2-5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)
InChI Key: FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Vapor Density: 4.01 (air = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 0.18 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Alternate Names: Hexanoic acid; Acid C₆
Auto Ignition: 380 °C (716 °F)
Base Catalog Number: 15055380
Beilstein Registry Number: 773837
Boiling Point: 202-203 °C(lit.)
CAS #: 142-62-1
Density: 0.927 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
EC Number: 205-550-7
Flash Point: 215.6 °F / 102 °C (lit.)
Hazard Statements: H302-H311 + H331-H314
Melting Point: −4 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula: C6H12O2
Molecular Weight: 116.2
CAS No.: 142-62-1

Molecular Formula: C6H12O2
Formula Weight: 116.16
Flash Point: 104°(219°F)
Physical Form: Clear liquid
Density: 0.929
Refractive Index: 1.4165
Appearance: Pale yellow
Melting Point: -4°
Boiling Point: 202-203°
Beilstein Reference: 773837
Merck Reference: 14,1759
UN No.: 2829
MDL No.: MFCD00004421
Formula: C₆H₁₂O₂
MW: 116.16 g/mol
Boiling Pt: 202…203 °C
Melting Pt: –4 °C
Density: 0.929
Flash Pt: 104 °C (219 °F)
Storage Temperature: Ambient
MDL Number: MFCD00004421
CAS Number: 142-62-1
EINECS: 205-550-7
UN: 2829
ADR: 8,III
Merck Index: 13,01765

FIRST AID MEASURES of CAPROIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: make victim drink water.
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CAPROIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CAPROIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CAPROIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CAPROIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CAPROIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
Hexanoic acid
Other names
Hexoic acid
Hexylic acid
Butylacetic acid
Pentylformic acid
1-Pentanecarboxylic acid
C6:0 (Lipid numbers)
HEXANOIC ACID
Caproic acid
142-62-1
n-Caproic acid
n-Hexanoic acid
Capronic acid
Butylacetic acid
Pentylformic acid
Hexoic acid
1-Hexanoic acid
n-Hexylic acid
n-Hexoic acid
Pentiformic acid
1-Pentanecarboxylic acid
Pentanecarboxylic acid
Hexacid 698
Hexylic acid
Kyselina kapronova
Hexanoic acid (natural)
FEMA No. 2559
Acid C6
NSC 8266
CCRIS 1347
HSDB 6813
EINECS 205-550-7
UNII-1F8SN134MX
BRN 0773837
1F8SN134MX
C6:0
DTXSID7021607
CHEBI:30776
AI3-07701
NSC8266
NSC-8266
Hexanoic-2,2-d2 acid
NCIOpen2_005355
CHEMBL14184
CH3-[CH2]4-COOH
DTXCID101607
1-PENTANE CARBOXYLIC ACID
EC 205-550-7
butylacetate
capronate
hexylate
pentylformate
4-02-00-00917 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
n-caproate
n-hexoate
n-hexylate
NSC-35598
HEXANOIC ACID (CAPROIC ACID)
1-hexanoate
1-pentanecarboxylate
Hexanoic-5,5-d2 acid
68603-84-9
70248-25-8
CH3-(CH2)4-COOH
CAS-142-62-1
MFCD00004421
UN2829
Hexanoic
hexansäure
2-Butylacetic acid
6NA
EINECS 274-509-3
fatty acid 6:0
Caproic Acid,(S)
55320-68-8
ethyl 4-butanoic acid
Hexanoic acid, 99%
methyl 5-pentanoic acid
Pentane-1-carboxylic acid
Hexanoic acid, >=99%
n-C5H11COOH
Hexanoic acid Caproic acid
bmse000351
SCHEMBL3867
WLN: QV5
CH3(CH2)4COOH
CAPROIC ACID [HSDB]
CAPROIC ACID [INCI]
HEXANOIC ACID [FCC]
HEXANOIC ACID [FHFI]
N-CAPROIC ACID [MI]
BDBM16433
Hexanoic acid, analytical standard
STR10048
EINECS 267-013-3
EINECS 271-676-4
Tox21_201517
Tox21_300406
FA 6:0
LMFA01010006
Hexanoic acid, >=98%, FCC, FG
AKOS000119844
FA(6:0)
Caproic acid [UN2829] [Corrosive]
Hexanoic acid, natural, >=98%, FCC
NCGC00248020-01
NCGC00248020-02
NCGC00254504-01
NCGC00259067-01
Hexanoic acid, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
Hexanoic acid 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
FT-0659402
FT-0777869
H0105
Hexanoic acid, natural, >=98%, FCC, FG
EN300-21589
C01585
EC 271-676-4
CAPROIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO)
Q422597
J-007673
25401AB4-1ECB-481F-AC91-EAAFC9329BDD
CAPROIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC]
Z104503532
InChI=1/C6H12O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8/h2-5H2,1H3,(H,7,8
Caproic acid
n-Caproic acid
n-Hexanoic acid
n-Hexoic acid
n-Hexylic acid
Butylacetic acid
Capronic acid
Hexoic acid
Pentiformic acid
Pentylformic acid
1-Pentanecarboxylic acid
CH3(CH2)4COOH
Pentane-1-carboxylic acid
1-Hexanoic acid
Hexacid 698
Kyselina kapronova
Pentanecarboxylic acid
NSC 8266
Acid C6, Caproic acid
1-Hexanoic acid
1-Pentanecarboxylic acid
6:0
Butylacetic acid
C6:0
Capronic acid
CH3-[CH2]4-COOH
Hexanoate
Hexoic acid
Hexylic acid
N-Caproic acid
N-Hexanoic acid
N-Hexoic acid
N-Hexylic acid
Pentanecarboxylic acid
Pentiformic acid
Pentylformic acid
1-Hexanoate
1-Pentanecarboxylate
Butylacetate
Capronate
Hexanoic acid
Hexoate
Hexylate
N-Caproate
N-Hexanoate
N-Hexoate
N-Hexylate
Pentanecarboxylate
Pentiformate
Pentylformate
Caproate
Hexanoic acid, calcium salt
Hexanoic acid, sodium salt, 1-(11)C-labeled
Hexanoic acid, nickel (2+) salt
Hexanoic acid, sodium salt
Bismuth(III)hexanoate
Hexanoic acid, copper (2+) salt
Hexanoic acid, manganese (2+) salt
Bi(ohex)3
Hexanoic acid, barium salt
Hexanoic acid, potassium salt
Hexanoic acid, rhodium (2+) salt
FA(6:0) HMDB
Calcium N-hexanoate
Hexanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Sodium capronate
Calcium hexanoate
Caproic acid sodium salt
Sodium caproate
Sodium hexanoate
1-Pentanecarboxylic acid
Butylacetic acid
Capronic acid
Hexacid 698
Hexanoic acid (natural)
Hexoic acid
Pentanecarboxylic acid
Pentiformic acid
Pentylformic acid
n-Caproic acid
n-Hexanoic acid
n-Hexoic acid
n-Hexylic acid
UN2829

C-8 Acid; Neo-fat 8; n-Caprylic Acid; Capryloate; Octoic acid; Octic acid; 1-Heptanecarboxylic acid; n-Octanoic Acid; n-Octic acid; n-Octylic acid; Octanoic Acid; C8; C8:0 ACID; C8 ACID; CAPRYLIC ACID; CARBOXYLIC ACID C8; FEMA 2799; N-CAPRYLIC ACID; N-OCTANOIC ACID; N-OCTOIC ACID; N-OCTYLIC ACID; OCTANOIC ACID; OCTIC ACID; OCTOIC ACID; OCTYLIC ACID; RARECHEM AL BO 0185; 1-Heptanecarboxylic acid CAS NO:124-07-2

Textile, Leather, Paper and Industrial Chemicals

Product Groups

Contact

E-Newsletter