SYNONYMS Borax; Borates, Tetrasodium Salts, Decahydrate Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate, Sodium Pyroborate Decahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Disodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Sodium Borate Decahydrate; Fused Borax; CAS:1303-96-4

Synonyms: decasodium,tetraborate,pentahydrate;SODIUM TETRABORATE PENTAHYDRATE;NEOBOR(R);GRANUBOR(R);FERTIBOR(R);BORAX PENTAHYDRATE;BORAX 5H2O TECHNICAL GRADE;BORAX PENTAHYDRATE-99.9% MIN CAS: 12179-04-3

SYNONYMS Boracic Acid, Hydrogen Borate, Orthoboric Acid; Boracic acid; Hydrogen orthoborate; Trihydroxyborane CAS NO. 10043-35-3

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a role as an astringent.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenborate.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has the chemical formula H3BO3, sometimes written B(OH)3.


CAS Number: 10043-35-3
EC Number: 233-139-2
MDL number: MFCD00011337
E number: E284 (preservatives)
Chemical formula: BH3O3
Molecular Formula: BH3O3 / H3BO3 / B(OH)3



SYNONYMS:
Boric acid, Orthoboric acid, Boracic acid, Sassolite, Borofax, Trihydroxyborane, Boranetriol, Hydrogen borate, Acidum boricum, BORIC ACID, Orthoboric acid, 10043-35-3, Boracic acid, Borofax, Boron hydroxide, Boron trihydroxide, Boric acid (H3BO3), Basilit B, Boric acid (BH3O3), 11113-50-1, Trihydroxyborone, Orthoborsaeure, Borsaeure, Borsaure, Trihydroxyborane, Orthoboric acid (B(OH)3), Optibor, Acidum boricum, NCI-C56417, component of Aci-Jel, Boric acid (VAN), Bluboro, Boricum acidum, Caswell No. 109, trihydroxidoboron, Boric acid flakes, B(OH)3, CCRIS 855, NSC 81726, HSDB 1432, Orthoboric acid (H3BO3), EINECS 233-139-2, UNII-R57ZHV85D4, MFCD00011337, NSC-81726, Boric acid (TN), EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 011001, INS NO.284, R57ZHV85D4, CHEBI:33118, AI3-02406, INS-284, (10B)Orthoboric acid, Boric acid (h(sub 3)bo(sub 3)), H3BO3, DTXSID1020194, E-284, EC 233-139-2, [B(OH)3], NSC81726, NCGC00090745-02, BORIC ACID (II), BORIC ACID [II], Orthboric Acid, BORIC ACID (MART.), BORIC ACID [MART.], BORIC ACID (USP-RS), BORIC ACID [USP-RS], DTXCID10194, BORIC ACID (EP IMPURITY), BORIC ACID [EP IMPURITY], BORIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), BORIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], (B(OH)3), ortho-boric acid, Boric acid [USAN:JAN], hydrogen orthoborate, BO3, CAS-10043-35-3, Boric acid [JAN:NF], BORIC ACID, ACS, Canagyn, acido borico, Orthoborc acd, The Killer, Boric acid, V-Bella, HYLAFEM, Bluboro (Salt/Mix), Homeopathic Antifungal, Boric acid ACS grade, GYNOX-SOFT, Boric acid, Puratronic?, WLN: QBQQ, BORIC ACID [MI], Boric acid, ACS reagent, BORIC ACID [JAN], Heptaoxotetra-Borate(2-), bmse000941, Boric acid (JP15/NF), Boric acid (JP17/NF), BORIC ACID [INCI], Acidum boricum (Salt/Mix), BORIC ACID [VANDF], Boric acid, NF/USP grade, BORIC ACID [WHO-DD], Boric acid, biochemical grade, BIDD:ER0252, Boric Acid, BORICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], CHEMBL42403, BORIC ACID (B(OH)3), Boric acid Electrophoresis grade, Collyrium Eye Wash (Salt/Mix), HYLAFEMBORICUM ACIDUM 3X, BDBM39817, KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-, Boric acid, 99.9% metals basis, BCP21018, Boric acid, 99.99% metals basis, Boric acid, BioXtra, >=99.5%, EINECS 237-478-7, Tox21_111004, Tox21_202185, Tox21_301000, 1332-77-0 (di-potassium salt), MFCD00151271, Boric acid, 99.998% metals basis, AKOS015833571, Boric acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%, DB11326, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 011001, Boric acid, 99.97% trace metals basis, Boric acid, USP, 99.5-100.5%, NCGC00090745-01, NCGC00090745-03, NCGC00090745-04, NCGC00090745-05, NCGC00254902-01, NCGC00259734-01, Boric acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%, BP-13473, SY319258, Boric acid, 99.999% trace metals basis, Boric acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.5%, Boric acid, for electrophoresis, >=99.5%, Boric acid, JIS special grade, >=99.5%, Boric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, InChI=1/BH3O3/c2-1(3)4/h2-4H, NS00013411, Boric acid, tablet, 1 g boric acid per tablet, D01089, A800201, Q187045, J-000132, J-523836, Boric acid, >=99.5%, suitable for amino acid analysis, Boric acid, NIST(R) SRM(R) 951a, isotopic standard, Boric acid, NIST(R) SRM(R) 973, acidimetric standard, Boric acid, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (T), Boric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Boric acid, cell culture tested, plant cell culture tested, >=99.5%, Boric acid, Biotechnology Performance Certified, >=99.5% (titration), Cell Culture Tested, Boric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5-100.5%, Boric acid, BioReagent, for molecular biology, suitable for cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, >=99.5%, Boric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., buffer substance, >=99.8%, Boric acid, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, 99.5-100.5%, powder, orthoboric acid, boracic acid, borofax, boron hydroxide, boron trihydroxide, basilit b, trihydroxyborone, h3bo3, flea prufe, 11113-50-1, Boric acid, Boracic acid, Orthoboric acid, H3-BO3, Boracic acid, Boric acid (BH3O3), Boric acid (H3BO3), Borofax, Boron hydroxide, Boron trihydroxide, NCI-C56417, Orthoboric acid (B(OH)3), Borsaure, B(OH)3, Basilit B,



Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a precursor material for other boron compounds.
The mixture of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and silicone oil is useful in the production of silly putty.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also known as hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid and acidum boricum.


Most commonly Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber and precursor to other chemicals.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) comes in the form of colourless crystals or a white powder that dissolves in water.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also occurs in combination with other minerals such as borax and boracite.


In its mineral state, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is known as sassolit.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a white, amorphous powder orcolorless, crystalline solid.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is soluble in water; solubility=4.7 g/100 mL at20℃.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has multiple uses in several industries, the pharmaceutical, glass, ceramic and cosmetics industries being some of them.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also known as orthoboric acid or hydrogen borate, is a chemical compound that can be produced through a series of chemical reactions.


One common method for its production involves the reaction between borax (sodium borate) and sulfuric acid, resulting in Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) as the desired product and sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4) as a byproduct.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a member of boric acids.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a role as an astringent.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenborate.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its sodium borate salts are pesticides that we can find in nature and many products.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its sodium salts each combine boron with other elements in a different way.
In general, their toxicities each depend on the amount of boron they contain.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its sodium salts can be used to control a wide variety of pests.


These include insects, spiders, mites, algae, molds, fungi, and weeds.
Products that contain Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) have been registered for use in the United States since 1948.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also called hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid and acidum boricum, is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron, which is often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other chemical compounds.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has the chemical formula H3BO3 (sometimes written B(OH)3), and exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder that dissolves in water.
When occurring as a mineral, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is called sassolite.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid or acidum boricum, is a weak acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, in nuclear power plants to control the fission rate of uranium, and as a precursor of other chemical compounds.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder and dissolves in water.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has the chemical formula H3BO3, sometimes written B(OH)3.
When occurring as a mineral, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is called sassolite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an insecticide that works well in cracks and crevices.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an inorganic compound that is a weak monobasic Lewis acid of boron.
Although in some chemical reactions it acts as a tribasic acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also known as hydrogen borate, boracic acid and orthoboric acid.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s IUPAC name is trihydrooxidoboron.
When Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) occurs as a mineral in nature, it is called sassolite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a crystalline solid at room temperature.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is found as a constituent of many naturally occurring minerals such as borax, boracite, ulexite and colemanite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s salts are found in seawater.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also found in all fruits and many plants.


Wilhelm Homberg first prepared Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) crystals in 1702.
He gave it the name sal sedativum Hombergi (sedative salt of Homberg).
Although Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) compounds have been used since the time of the ancient Greeks for cleaning, preserving food and other activities.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also known as boracic acid or orthoboric acid, is a naturally occurring compound containing the elements boron, oxygen, and hydrogen (H3BO3).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) crystals are white, odorless, and nearly tasteless.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) looks like fine table salt in the granular form or like baby powder in the powdered form.
Borates, the general term associated with boron containing minerals such as borax and Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), most commonly originate in dried salt lakebeds of deserts or arid areas (such as Death Valley, CA, Turkey, and China) or other geographic regions that expose similar deposits (such as the Andes Mountains in South America).


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a chemical compound containing boron, hydrogen and oxygen.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a mild acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder and dissolves in water.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an odourless and naturally occurring powder in its original form.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is quite popular and used widely as a safe alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control in many parts of the world.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is found mainly in its free state in some volcanic areas.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also found as a constituent of many naturally occurring minerals such as boracite, borax, colemanite and ulexite (boronatrocalcite).


Alternatively, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its salts are found in seawater.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also present in different types of fruits.
The first synthesis of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was performed by Wilhelm Homberg.


He used borax, and with the action of mineral acids, he synthesised the compound.
Interestingly, if you look at history, the use of borates and Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) by the ancient Greeks can be seen.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also called hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid or acidum boricum is a weak acid of boron often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, or a neutron absorber, and a precursor of other chemical compounds.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s chemical formula is H3BO3.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder and dissolves in water.
When occurring as a mineral, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is called sassolite.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is found in its native form in certain volcanic districts such as Tuscany, the Lipari Islands, and Nevada.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is generally mixed with steam from fissures in the ground and is also found as a constituent of many minerals (borax, boracite, borontrocaicite and colemanite).


The presence of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its salts has been noted in seawater.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also exists in plants and especially in almost all fruit.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also known as hydrogen borate, is a weak monobasic Lewis acid of boron with the chemical formula H3BO3.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is known to exhibit some antibacterial activity against infections such as bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a monobasic Lewis acid with the chemical formula H3BO3.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an acid-containing compounds of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also known as acidum boricum, hydrogen borate, boracic acid, and orthoboric acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak acid and has antiviral, antifungal, and antiseptic properties.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is soluble in water and does not have any characteristic odour.


Under standard conditions, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists either as a colourless crystal or in a white powdery form.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be prepared by reacting borax with hydrochloric acid.
It can be noted that Wilhelm Homberg was the first person to prepare Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) from borax.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an odorless white solid.
Melting point of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is 171 °C.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) sinks and mixes with water.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a role as an astringent.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenborate.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also known as hydrogen borate, is a weak monobasic Lewis acid of boron with the chemical formula H3BO3.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is typically utilized in industrial processing and manufacturing, but is also used as an additive in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, lotions, soaps, mouthwash, toothpaste, astringents, and eyewashes.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is known to exhibit some antibacterial activity against infections such as bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans with data available.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties.
The exact mechanism of action of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is unknown; generally cytotoxic to all cells.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also called hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid is a weak acid of boron often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other chemical compounds.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has the chemical formula H3BO3 (sometimes written B(OH)3), and exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder that dissolves in water.


When occurring as a mineral, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is called sassolite.
Borate is a food contaminant deriving from paper and paperboard in contact with food.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has limited use as an antibacterial agent in caviar.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH)3.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may also be called hydrogen orthoborate, trihydroxidoboron or boracic acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak acid and has antiviral, antifungal, and antiseptic properties.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is usually encountered as colorless crystals or a white powder, that dissolves in water, and occurs in nature as the mineral sassolite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak acid that yields various borate anions and salts, and can react with alcohols to form borate esters.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
The primary industrial use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is in the manufacture of monofilament fiberglass usually referred to as textile fiberglass.
Textile fiberglass is used to reinforce plastics in applications that range from boats, to industrial piping to computer circuit boards.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a Nuclear Poison in modern PWR type Nuclear Reactors as it Reduce Fission Process by Reducing Neutrons Flux.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in PWR Nuclear Reactor's Coolant water for Controlling Reactor Power as well as to Perform Emergency Reactor Shutdown.
In the jewelry industry, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used in combination with denatured alcohol to reduce surface oxidation and thus formation of firescale on metals during annealing and soldering operations.[citation needed]


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of the glass in LCD flat panel displays.
In electroplating, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as part of some proprietary formulas.
One such known formula calls for about a 1 to 10 ratio of H3BO3 to NiSO4, a very small portion of sodium lauryl sulfate and a small portion of H2SO4.


The solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borax in 4:5 ratio is used as a fire retarding agent of wood by impregnation.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used in the manufacturing of ramming mass, a fine silica-containing powder used for producing induction furnace linings and ceramics.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is added to borax for use as welding flux by blacksmiths.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), in combination with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or silicone oil, is used to manufacture Silly Putty.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also present in the list of chemical additives used for hydraulic fracturing (fracking) in the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used in conjunction with guar gum as cross-linking and gelling agent for controlling the viscosity and the rheology of the fracking fluid injected at high pressure in the well.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is important to control the fluid viscosity for keeping in suspension on long transport distances the grains of the propping agents aimed at maintaining the cracks in the shales sufficiently open to facilitate the gas extraction after the hydraulic pressure is relieved.


The rheological properties of borate cross-linked guar gum hydrogel mainly depend on the pH value.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in some expulsion-type electrical fuses as a de-ionization/extinguishing agent.
During an electrical fault in an expulsion-type fuse, a plasma arc is generated by the disintegration and rapid spring-loaded separation of the fusible element, which is typically a specialized metal rod that passes through a compressed mass of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) within the fuse assembly.


The high-temperature plasma causes the Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to rapidly decompose into water vapor and boric anhydride, and in-turn, the vaporization products de-ionize the plasma, helping to interrupt the electrical fault.
We have been using Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) since ancient times.


Presently Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is mainly used in industries.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacturing of monofilament fibreglass.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the jewellery industry in combination with denatured alcohol.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of glass in LCD flat panel displays.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in electroplating.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) mixture is used as a fire retarding agent.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacturing of ramming mass.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has medicinal uses as well such as it reduces the harmful effect of HF.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) mixed with borax is used for welding flux by blacksmiths.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber etc.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to prevent or destroy existing wet and dry rot in timbers.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a primary buffer system in swimming pools.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in some nuclear power plants as a neutron poison.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s mixture with petroleum or vegetable oil works as an excellent lubricant.
For medical uses, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) solutions used as an eye wash or on abraded skin are known to be especially toxic to infants, especially after repeated use because of its slow elimination rate.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as an antiseptic for minor burns or cuts and is sometimes used in dressings or salves or is applied in a very dilute solution as an eye wash in a 1.5% solution of sterilized water.
For insecticidal uses, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) acts as a stomach poison affecting the insects' metabolism, and the dry powder is abrasive to the insects' exoskeleton.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also made into a paste or gel form as a powerful and effective insecticide much safer to humans than many other insecticides.
The paste or gel has attractants in Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to attract insects.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) slowly causes dehydration.
For preservation uses, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) prevents and destroys existing wet and dry rot in timbers.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used in combination with an ethylene glycol carrier to treat external wood against fungal and insect attack.


Concentrates of borate-based treatments can be used to prevent slime, mycelium and algae growth, even in marine environments.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is added to salt in the curing of cattle hides, calfskins and sheepskins.
This helps to control bacteria development and helps to control insects.


For industrial uses, the primary use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is in the manufacture of monofilament fiberglass usually referred to as textile fiberglass.
Textile fiberglass is used to reinforce plastics in applications that range from boats, to industrial piping to computer circuit boards.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in nuclear power plants as a neutron poison to slow down the rate at which fission is occurring.
In the jewelry industry, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used in combination with denatured alcohol to reduce surface oxidation and firescale from forming on metals during annealing and soldering operations.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of the glass in LCD flat panel displays.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used extensively in pest control.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of monofilament fibreglass or heat-resistant boron silicate glasses.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of glass in LCD flat panel displays.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a preservative for various food items.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the medical field as an antiseptic.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of enamels and glazes in pottery.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used in some nuclear power plants as a neutron poison.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the treatment or prevention of boron deficiencies in plants.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in pyrotechnics to prevent amide-forming reactions between aluminium and nitrates, and as a colourant to make fire green.
External wood can be treated with Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to prevent fungal and Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in electroplating as part of some proprietary formulas.


Yeast infections: This is another most common way to use Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) at home.
Health Benefits of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid): They are not only used in the household, they are said to have anti-arthritic properties and help promote bone and joint health


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a very important tool in pest control and has been used extensively for a long period of time.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of monofilament fibreglass or heat-resistant boron silicate glasses.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of glass in LCD flat panel displays.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a preservative for milk and other food items.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the medical field as an antiseptic.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of enamels and glazes in pottery.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used in some nuclear power plants as a neutron poison.
In the treatment or prevention of boron deficiencies in plants.
Boron is commonly used in pyrotechnics for preventing amide-forming reactions between aluminium and nitrates.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in small quantities is added to the mixture to neutralise alkaline amides that can react with aluminium.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as a colourant to make fire green.
External wood can be treated with this acid to prevent fungal and insect attacks.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in electroplating as part of some proprietary formulas.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of textile fibreglass
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of the flat panel display


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to neutralize the active hydrofluoric acid
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used by blacksmiths as welding flux
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in electroplating


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the jewellery industry
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of silly putty
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an Insecticidal


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an antiseptic and antibacterial
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used on carrom boards as a dry lubricant
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a neutron poison in some nuclear plants


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to preserve grains like wheat and rice
In the list of the chemical additives that are used for hydraulic fracturing (also known as fracking), it is not uncommon for Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to be present.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as a cross-linking and gelling agent in combination with guar gum and is known to regulate the viscosity and rheology of the drilling fluid which is pumped at high pressure in wells.
Furthermore, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is of vital importance to regulate the fluid viscosity that helps to keep the grains of the propping agents suspended for long transport distances in order to keep the cracks in the shales sufficiently open.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) facilitates the extraction of gas after relieving the hydraulic pressure.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is one of the most commonly produced borates and is widely used throughout the world in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as a nutritional supplement, flame retardant, in the manufacture of glass and fiberglass, and in the production of wood preservatives to control pests and fungus.


A dilute water solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is usually employed as a mild antiseptic and eyewash.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is employed in leather manufacture, electroplating and cosmetics.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is involved in the production of monofilament fiberglass which finds applications in boats, industrial piping, LCD flat panel displays and computer circuit boards.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is in combination with sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) and is used as a welding flux by blacksmiths.
There are many home uses for Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) when it is used alone or in combination with other chemicals.
Since Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is less toxic, it is easy to handle at home, but you have to be careful about it.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used to treat yeast infections and acne, for eyewash by treating any bacterial infection and soothing inflamed eyes, and as a cleanser, deodorizer, stain remover, disinfectant and mold killer.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as a pesticide to control a variety of pests, as a fungicide for citrus, and as an herbicide along rights-of-way.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used for the manufacture of textile fiberglass, household glass products and the glass used in LCD displays, to reinforce plastics in various products (boats, computer circuit boards and pipes), as a flame retardant, and as a pH buffer agent in plating.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a precursor material for other boron compounds.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used for weatherproofing wood and fireproofing fabrics; as a preservative; manufacture of cements, crockery, porcelain, enamels, glass, borates, leather, carpets, hats, soaps, artificial gems; in nickeling baths; cosmetics; printing and dyeing, painting; photography; for impregnating wicks; electric condensers; hardening steel.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as insecticide for cockroaches and black carpet beetles.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used to study molecular biology, DNA and RNA purification, biological buffers and molecular biology reagents.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has been used to test the toxic effects of boron on growth and antioxidant system parameters of maize roots.


A dilute water solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is usually employed as a mild antiseptic and eyewash.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is too employed in leather manufacture, electroplating, and cosmetics.
Antiseptic: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an antiseptic and preservative in some ophthalmic solutions and skincare products.


Pest Control: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is employed as an insecticide to control ants, cockroaches, and other pests.
Flame Retardant: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as a flame retardant in certain applications.
Flux in Welding: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a flux in welding and soldering operations.


Wood Preservation: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to protect wood from fungal and insect infestations.
Borosilicate Glass: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a key ingredient in the production of borosilicate glass, which has high thermal resistance and is used for laboratory glassware, cookware, and glass art.


Pharmaceuticals: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has pharmaceutical applications, including in the production of eye drops and as an ingredient in some medicines.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is efficient against waterbugs, silverfish, and termites, in addition to cockroaches and ants.


As a result, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) products are used by the global population.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was used mainly for preserving food and cleaning.
The more that is learned about the beneficial properties of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), the more it is being used in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is typically utilized in industrial processing and manufacturing, but is also used as an additive in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, lotions, soaps, mouthwash, toothpaste, astringents, and eyewashes 4.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other boron compounds.


The term "Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)" is also used generically for any oxoacid of boron, such as metaboric acid HBO2 and tetraboric acid H2B4O7.
As an antibacterial compound, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also be used as an acne treatment.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as prevention of athlete's foot, by inserting powder in the socks or stockings.


Various preparations can be used to treat some kinds of otitis externa (ear infection) in both humans and animals.
The preservative in urine sample bottles in the UK is Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is one of the most commonly used substances that can counteract the harmful effects of reactive hydrofluoric acid (HF) after an accidental contact with the skin.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) works by forcing the free F− anions into the inert tetrafluoroborate anion.
This process defeats the extreme toxicity of hydrofluoric acid, particularly its ability to sequester ionic calcium from blood serum which can lead to cardiac arrest and bone decomposition; such an event can occur from just minor skin contact with HF.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the treatment of yeast infections and cold sores.


-Medical uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as an antiseptic for minor burns or cuts and is sometimes used in salves and dressings, such as boracic lint.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is applied in a very dilute solution as an eye wash.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) vaginal suppositories can be used for recurrent candidiasis due to non-albicans candida as a second line treatment when conventional treatment has failed.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is less effective than conventional treatment overall.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) largely spares lactobacilli within the vagina.
As TOL-463, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is under development as an intravaginal medication for the treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis.


-pH buffer uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in equilibrium with its conjugate base the borate ion is widely used (in the concentration range 50–100 ppm boron equivalents) as a primary or adjunct pH buffer system in swimming pools.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak acid, with pKa (the pH at which buffering is strongest because the free acid and borate ion are in equal concentrations) of 9.24 in pure water at 25 °C.
But apparent pKa is substantially lower in swimming pool or ocean waters because of interactions with various other molecules in solution.

It will be around 9.0 in a salt-water pool.
No matter which form of soluble boron is added, within the acceptable range of pH and boron concentration for swimming pools, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is the predominant form in aqueous solution, as shown in the accompanying figure.

The Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) – borate system can be useful as a primary buffer system (substituting for the bicarbonate system with pKa1 = 6.0 and pKa2 = 9.4 under typical salt-water pool conditions) in pools with salt-water chlorine generators that tend to show upward drift in pH from a working range of pH 7.5–8.2.

Buffer capacity is greater against rising pH (towards the pKa around 9.0), as illustrated in the accompanying graph.
The use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in this concentration range does not allow any reduction in free HOCl concentration needed for pool sanitation, but it may add marginally to the photo-protective effects of cyanuric acid and confer other benefits through anti-corrosive activity or perceived water softness, depending on overall pool solute composition.


-Lubrication uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) dissolved in petroleum or vegetable oil can form a remarkable lubricant on ceramic or metal surfaces with a coefficient of sliding friction that decreases with increasing pressure to a value ranging from 0.10 to 0.02.
Self-lubricating B(OH)3 films result from a spontaneous chemical reaction between water molecules and B2O3 coatings in a humid environment.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to lubricate carrom and novuss boards, allowing for faster play.


-Insecticidal uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was first registered in the US as an insecticide in 1948 for control of cockroaches, termites, fire ants, fleas, silverfish, and many other insects.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is generally considered to be safe to use in household kitchens to control cockroaches and ants.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) acts as a stomach poison affecting the insects' metabolism, and the dry powder is abrasive to the insects' exoskeletons.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also has the reputation as "the gift that keeps on killing" in that cockroaches that cross over lightly dusted areas do not die immediately, but that the effect is like shards of glass cutting them apart.

This often allows a roach to go back to the nest where Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) soon dies.
Cockroaches, being cannibalistic, eat others killed by contact or consumption of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), consuming the powder trapped in the dead roach and killing them, too.


-Preservation uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
In combination with its use as an insecticide, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also prevents and destroys existing wet and dry rot in timbers.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used in combination with an ethylene glycol carrier to treat external wood against fungal and insect attack.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is possible to buy borate-impregnated rods for insertion into wood via drill holes where dampness and moisture is known to collect and sit.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is available in a gel form and injectable paste form for treating rot affected wood without the need to replace the timber.

Concentrates of borate-based treatments can be used to prevent slime, mycelium, and algae growth, even in marine environments.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is added to salt in the curing of cattle hides, calfskins, and sheepskins.
This helps to control bacterial development, and helps to control insects.


-Pharmaceutical Applications of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an antimicrobial preservative in eye drops, cosmetic products, ointments, and topical creams.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borate have good buffering capacity and are used to control pH; they have been used for this purpose in external preparations such as eye drops.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has also been used therapeutically in the form of suppositories to treat yeast infections.
In dilute concentrations Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a mild antiseptic, with weak bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties, although it has generally been superseded by more effective and less toxic disinfectants.


-Nuclear power uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in some nuclear power plants as a neutron poison.
The boron in Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) reduces the probability of thermal fission by absorbing some thermal neutrons.

Fission chain reactions are generally driven by the probability that free neutrons will result in fission and is determined by the material and geometric properties of the reactor.
Natural boron consists of approximately 20% boron-10 and 80% boron-11 isotopes. Boron-10 has a high cross-section for absorption of low energy (thermal) neutrons.

By increasing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) concentration in the reactor coolant, the probability that a neutron will cause fission is reduced.
Changes in Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) concentration can effectively regulate the rate of fission taking place in the reactor.

During normal at power operation, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used only in pressurized water reactors (PWRs), whereas boiling water reactors (BWRs) employ control rod pattern and coolant flow for power control, although BWRs can use an aqueous solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borax or sodium pentaborate for an emergency shutdown system if the control rods fail to insert.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may be dissolved in spent fuel pools used to store spent fuel elements.
The concentration is high enough to keep neutron multiplication at a minimum.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was dumped over Reactor 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant after its meltdown to prevent another reaction from occurring.


-Pyrotechnics uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boron is used in pyrotechnics to prevent the amide-forming reaction between aluminium and nitrates.
A small amount of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is added to the composition to neutralize alkaline amides that can react with the aluminium.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as a colorant to make fire green.
For example, when dissolved in methanol Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is popularly used by fire jugglers and fire spinners to create a deep green flame much stronger than copper sulfate.


-Agriculture uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to treat or prevent boron deficiencies in plants.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used in preservation of grains such as rice and wheat.


-Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) as a Medicine:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is widely used as an antiseptic for the treatment of minor cuts and burns.
Furthermore, this compound is also used in medical dressings and salves.

Very dilute solutions of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as an eyewash.
Owing to its antibacterial properties, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also be used for the treatment of acne in humans.
In its powdered form, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also be sprinkled into socks and shoes to prevent the athlete’s foot (tinea pedis).


-Biochem/physiol Actions of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has antibacterial and fungicidal properties.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the periodontal therapy as an irrigation solution as it elicits bactericidal effects in microbial biofilms in root canal.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may favor osteoblastic activity and inhibit bone loss.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) inhibits Candida albicans fungal infection and has potential to treat vaginal infection.


-Get rid of worms:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), along with sugar, can be used to kill ants and other worms.
This mixture is made into small balls and placed in their paths.
It is one of the useful home uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used to get rid of cockroaches as a mixture with bacon fat.


-Soap eyes:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) along with warm water and a little Epsom salt is also one of the home uses of boric acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to treat barley and other eye infections.


-Ear drops:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), vinegar and distilled water can be used to destroy the fungi formed after swimming.
This is another home use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).


-Antiseptic:
Any small wounds can be treated with a little Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and distilled water.
Most people use it as a home remedy, although self-medication is not recommended.
They are also used with other ingredients in hospitals.


-Fleas:
Another household use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is to get rid of fleas from the carpet.
By using Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) on carpets, the lice will get borax and eventually die.


-Wood preservatives uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) inhibits the growth of the fungus; thus protecting the furniture, protecting it from worms and termites that can attack it.
This is one way to use Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) at home.


-Ear rinse for dogs:
Along with other ingredients, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as an ear rinse for dogs.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is available at pharmacies.
This is one of the common household uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).


-Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a mild antiseptic as well as a mild acid that inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the external surfaces of the body.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is commonly used in contact lens solutions, eye disinfectants, vaginal remedies, baby powder, anti-aging preparations and similar external applications.


-Nutritional Supplements uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and other borates are increasingly being used in over-the-counter nutritional supplements as a source of boron.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is thought that boron has a potential therapeutic value in promoting bone and joint health as well as having a limiting effect on arthritis symptoms.

It is important to note that the health effects of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and boron-based supplements are based on very new studies and/or are based solely on the claims of the manufacturers of the supplements.
It should not be implied that Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) should be directly ingested as a supplement or for any other reason.


-Flame Retardants uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) inhibits the release of combustible gases from burning cellulosic materials, such as cotton, wood, and paper-based products.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also releases chemically bonded water to further reduce combustion.
A carbon char is formed that further inhibits combustion.

Futons, mattresses, upholstered furniture, insulation, and gypsum board are common consumer items that use Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) as a flame retardant.
Plastics, textiles, specialty coatings, and other industrial products also contain Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to strengthen their ability to withstand exposure to flames.


-Glass and Fiberglass uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Heat resistant, borosilicate, and other specialty glasses rely on Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and other similar borates to increase the chemical and temperature resistance of the glass.

Halogen light bulbs, ovenware, microwavable glassware, laboratory glassware, and many everyday glass items are enhanced by the addition of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also aids in the fiberization process of fiberglass, which is used in fiberglass insulation as well as in textile fiberglass (a fabric-like material commonly used in skis, circuit boards, and other similar applications).


-Wood Preservatives and Pest Control uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a common source of boron compounds when used in the formulation of products that control fungus and insects.
Fungi are plants that contain no chlorophyll and must have an outside source of food (such as wood cellulose).

Boron compounds inhibit the growth of fungus and have been demonstrated to be a reliable wood preservative.
Similarly, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in swimming pools and spas as a safer and “softer feeling” substitute for chlorine.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), borax, and other salts are commonly used to soften pool water and prevent contamination.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a natural and increasingly popular insect control product.
Unlike hornet or ant sprays, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) does not kill bugs on contact using highly toxic chemicals.
Rather, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) acts as a desiccant that dehydrates many insects by causing tiny cracks or fissures in their exoskeletons.

This eventually dries them out.
The “saltiness” of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also interferes with their very simple electrolytic metabolism.


-Other Uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is commonly used in metallurgy to harden and treat steel alloys as well as to aid in the application of metal plating materials.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in ceramic and enamel coatings, in adhesives, as a lubricant, and in many other consumer and industrial products.



PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a white crystalline solid usually found in powder form.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a feeling of soft soapy touch.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is sparingly soluble in cold water but highly soluble in hot water.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) tends to behave as a very weak acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) dehydrates when heated above 170 °C and goes on to form metaboric acid.



STRUCTURE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a trigonal structure.
If we look at the chemical formula of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), it is BH3O3.
Here, the three oxygen atoms form a trigonal planar geometry around the boron.

The B-O bond length is 136 pm, and the O-H is 97 pm.
The molecular point group is C3h.
Crystalline Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is made up of layers of B(OH)3 molecules that are held together by hydrogen bonds of length 272 pm.
The distance between two adjacent layers is 318 pm.



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
There are two common methods for the preparation of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).

*Using borax:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be obtained by treating a hot concentrated solution of borax with either sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
As a result of the solution on concentration, crystals of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are formed.
Na2B4O7·10H2O + 2 HCl → 4 B(OH)3 [or H3BO3] + 2 NaCl + 5 H2O

*Hydrolysis of boron compounds:
Another method that can be used is hydrolysis.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be performed on boron compounds such as hydrides, halides and nitrides.
B2H6 + 6 H2O → 2 B(OH)3 + 6 H2
BX3 + 3 H2O → B(OH)3 + 3 HX (X = Cl, Br, I)



STRUCTURE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Each Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) molecule features boron-oxygen single bonds.
The boron atom occupies the central position and is linked to three hydroxide groups.
The overall molecular geometry of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is trigonal planar.



HOW DOES BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID) WORK?
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can kill insects if they eat it.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) disrupts their stomach and can affect their nervous system.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also scratch and damage the exterior of insects.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borax, a sodium borate salt, can kill plants by causing them to dry out.
Sodium metaborate, another sodium borate salt, stops plants from producing the energy they need from light.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also stop the growth of fungi, such as mold.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) prevents them from reproducing.



OCCURRENCE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), or sassolite, is found mainly in its free state in some volcanic districts, for example, in the Italian region of Tuscany, the Lipari Islands and the US state of Nevada.
In these volcanic settings Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) issues, mixed with steam, from fissures in the ground.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also found as a constituent of many naturally occurring minerals – borax, boracite, ulexite (boronatrocalcite) and colemanite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its salts are found in seawater.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also found in plants, including almost all fruits.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was first prepared by Wilhelm Homberg (1652–1715) from borax, by the action of mineral acids, and was given the name sal sedativum Hombergi ("sedative salt of Homberg").
However borates, including Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), have been used since the time of the ancient Greeks for cleaning, preserving food, and other activities.



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may be prepared by reacting borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) with a mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid:
Na2B4O7·10H2O + 2 HCl → 4 B(OH)3 [or H3BO3] + 2 NaCl + 5 H2O
It is also formed as a by product of hydrolysis of boron trihalides and diborane:
B2H6 + 6 H2O → 2 B(OH)3 + 6 H2
BX3 + 3 H2O → B(OH)3 + 3 HX (X = Cl, Br, I)



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
By Borax -
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is prepared by reaction of borax with mineral acid (or hydrochloric acid).
The reaction involved is given below.
Na2B4O7.10H2O + 2HCl →4B(OH)3 + 2NaCl + 5H2O

By Hydrolysis of Diborane -
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also formed as a by-product of hydrolysis of diborane.
The reaction involved is given below.
B2H6 + 6H2O → 2B(OH)3 + 6H2

By Hydrolysis of Trihalide -
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also formed as a by-product of hydrolysis of boron trihalides.
The reaction involved is given below.
BX3 + 3H2O → B(OH)3 + 3HX (X = Cl, Br, I)



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID)?
Products containing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be liquids, granules, pellets, tablets, wettable powders, dusts, rods, or baits.
They are used indoors in places like homes, hospitals and commercial buildings.
They are also used in outdoor residential areas, sewage systems, and on food and non-food crops.

There are over five hundred products with Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) sold in the United States.
Several non-pesticide products containing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) include soil amendments, fertilizers, household cleaners, laundry detergents, and personal care products.



CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has trigonal planar geometry due to three oxygen atoms around the boron.
In this bond length of B-O is 136pm and O-H is 97pm.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Physical Properties of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are as follows.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a colourless or white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s molar mass is 61.83 g/mol.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s melting point is 170.9℃.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s boiling point is 300℃.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is soluble in water.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Chemical Properties of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are as follows.
On heating Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) gives metaboric acid.
The reaction at 170℃ is given below.
H3BO3 → HBO2 + H2O

At 300℃, it gives tetraboric acid.
The reaction is given below.
4HBO2 → H2B4O7 + H2O

On heating above 330℃, it gives boron trioxide.
The reaction is given below.
H2B4O7→ 2B2O3 + H2O

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) reacts with alcohol and gives borate esters.
The reaction is given below.
B(OH)3 + 3ROH → B(OR)3 + 3H2O

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also dissolves in anhydrous sulfuric acid.
The reaction is given below.
B(OH)3 + 6H2SO4→ B(HSO4)4- + 2HSO4- + 3H3O+



IS BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID) A SAFE SUBSTANCE?
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is ecologically friendly because it is a naturally occurring substance.
Because it is a non-toxic substance, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is safe for pets and wildlife.



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
One of the simplest methods of preparing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is by reacting borax with any mineral acid (hydrochloric acid, for instance).
The chemical equation for this reaction can be written as:
Na2B4O7.10H2O + 2HCl → 4H3BO3 + 5H2O + 2NaCl
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also be prepared from the hydrolysis of diborane and trihalides of boron (such as boron trichloride or boron trifluoride).



PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Under standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP), Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists as a white, crystalline solid that is fairly soluble in water.
The solubility of H3BO3 in water is temperature-dependent.

At a temperature of 25 °C, the solubility of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in water is 57 g/L.
However, when the water is heated to 100 °C, the solubility of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) increases to approximately 275 g/L.
It can also be noted that Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is sparingly soluble in pyridine and slightly soluble in acetone.

The conjugate base of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is the borate anion.
The acidity of solutions of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is known to increase with polyols containing cis-vicinal diols (like mannitol and glycerol).

The value of pK of B(OH)3 is known to extend to five orders of magnitude (from 9 to 4), under different concentrations of mannitol.
It can be noted that in the presence of mannitol, the solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) with increased acidity can be referred to as mannitoboric acid.



PREPARATION METHODS FOR BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
There are two common methods for the preparation of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be obtained by treating a hot concentrated solution of borax with either sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
As the solution concentrates, crystals of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are formed.
Hydrolysis of boron compounds: Another common method is the hydrolysis of boron compounds such as hydrides, halides, and nitrides.



STORAGE AND HANDLING GUIDELINES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Store Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight.
Keep Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in its original container, tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
Store Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) away from incompatible materials, strong acids, and reducing agents.
When handling, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety glasses.



SAFETY INFORMATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is generally considered safe when used according to guidelines and regulations.
In case of contact, rinse thoroughly with water.
Keep Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) out of reach of children and pets.
Follow safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer or supplier for detailed safety information and first-aid measures.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Crystallise Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) three times from H2O (3mL/g) between 100o and 0o, after filtering through sintered glass.
Dry it to constant weight over metaboric acid in a desiccator.
It is steam volatile.

After two recrystallisations of ACS grade.
it had Ag at 0.2 ppm.
Its solubility (%) in H2O is 2.66 at 0o, 4.0 at 12o and 24 at 80o.
At 100o it loses H2O to form metaboric acid (HBO2).

When it is heated to redness or slowly to 200o, or over P2O5 in vacuo, it dehydrates to boric anhydride (B2O3) [1303-82-6] to give a white hard glass or crystals with m ~294o.
The glass softens on heating and liquefies at red heat.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an astringent, a fungicide and an antibacterial.



INCOMPATIBILITIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) decomposes in heat above 100 C, forming boric anhydride and water.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is hygroscopic; it will absorb moisture from the air.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) aqueous solution is a weak acid; incompatible with strong reducing agents including alkali metals and metal hydrides (may generate explosive hydrogen gas); acetic anhydride, alkali carbonates, and hydroxides.

Attacks iron in the presence of moisture.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is incompatible with water, strong bases and alkali metals.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) reacts violently with potassium and acid anhydrides.
It also forms a complex with glycerin, which is a stronger acid than Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).



WASTE DISPOSAL OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acids (Ortho Boric Acid) may be recovered from organic process wastes as an alternative to disposal.



HISTORY OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was first prepared by Wilhelm Homberg (1652–1715) from borax, by the action of mineral acids, and was given the name sal sedativum Hombergi ("sedative salt of Homberg").
However Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borates have been used since the time of the ancient Greeks for cleaning, preserving food, and other activities.



MOLECULAR AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
The three oxygen atoms form a trigonal planar geometry around the boron.
The B-O bond length is 136 pm and the O-H is 97 pm. The molecular point group is C3h.
Two crystalline forms of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are known: triclinic and hexagonal.
The former is the most common; the second, which is a bit more stable thermodynamically, can be obtained with a special preparation method.



TRICLINIC OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
The triclinic form of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) consists of layers of B(OH)3 molecules held together by hydrogen bonds with an O...O separation of 272 pm.
The distance between two adjacent layers is 318 pm



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may be prepared by reacting borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) with a mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid:
Na2B4O7·10H2O + 2 HCl → 4 B(OH)3 + 2 NaCl + 5 H2O
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also formed as a by product of hydrolysis of boron trihalides and diborane:
B2H6 + 6 H2O → 2 B(OH)3 + 6 H2
BX3 + 3 H2O → B(OH)3 + 3 HX (X = Cl, Br, I)



REACTIONS OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Pyrolysis:
When heated, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) undergoes a three step dehydration.
The reported transition temperatures vary substantially from source to source.

When heated above 140 °C, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) yields metaboric acid (HBO2) with loss of one water molecule:
B(OH)3 → HBO2 + H2O
Heating metaboric acid above about 180 °C eliminates another water molecule forming tetraboric acid, also called pyroboric acid (H2B4O7):

4 HBO2 → H2B4O7 + H2O
Further heating (to about 530 °C) leads to boron trioxide:

H2B4O7 → 2 B2O3 + H2O
Aqueous solution
When Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is dissolved in water, it partially dissociates to give metaboric acid:

B(OH)3 ⇌ HBO2 + H2O
The solution is mildly acidic due to ionization of the acids:

B(OH)3 + H2O ⇌ [BO(OH)2]− + H3O+
HBO2 + H2O ⇌ [BO2]− + H3O+
However, Raman spectroscopy of strongly alkaline solutions has shown the presence of [B(OH)4]− ions, leading some to conclude that the acidity is exclusively due to the abstraction of OH− from water:

B(OH)3 + HO− ⇌ B(OH)−4
Equivalently,

B(OH)3 + H2O ⇌ B(OH)−4+ H+ (K = 7.3×10−10; pK = 9.14)
Or, more properly,
B(OH)3 + 2 H2O ⇌ B(OH)−4 + H3O+
This reaction occurs in two steps, with the neutral complex aquatrihydroxyboron B(OH)3(OH2) as an intermediate:

B(OH)3 + H2O → B(OH)3(OH2)
B(OH)3(OH2) + H2O + HO− → [B(OH)4]− + H3O+
This reaction may be characterized as Lewis acidity of boron toward [HO]−, rather than as Brønsted acidity.
However, some of its behaviour towards some chemical reactions suggest Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to be tribasic acid in the Brønsted sense as well.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), mixed with borax Na2B4O7·10H2O (more properly Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O) in the weight ratio of 4:5, is highly soluble in water, though they are not so soluble separately.



SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also dissolves in anhydrous sulfuric acid according to the equation:
B(OH)3 + 6 H2SO4 → [B(SO4H)4]− + 2 [HSO4]− + 3 H3O+
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an extremely strong acid, even stronger than the original oleum.



ESTERIFICATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) reacts with alcohols to form borate esters, B(OR)3 where R is alkyl or aryl.
The reaction is typically driven by a dehydrating agent, such as concentrated sulfuric acid:

B(OH)3 + 3 ROH → B(OR)3 + 3 H2O
With vicinal diols
The acidity of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) solutions is greatly increased in the presence of cis-vicinal diols (organic compounds containing similarly oriented hydroxyl groups in adjacent carbon atoms, (R1,R2)=C(OH)−C(OH)=(R3,R4)) such as glycerol and mannitol.

The tetrahydroxyborate anion formed in the dissolution spontaneously reacts with these diols to form relatively stable anion esters containing one or two five-member −B−O−C−C−O− rings.
For example, the reaction with mannitol H(HCOH)6H, whose two middle hydroxyls are in cis orientation, can be written as

B(OH)3 + H2O ⇌ [B(OH)4]− + H+
[B(OH)4]− + H(HCOH)6H ⇌ [B(OH)2(H(HCOH)2(HCO−)2(HCOH)2H)]− + 2 H2O
[B(OH)2(H(HCOH)2(HCO−)2(HCOH)2H)]− + H(HCOH)6H ⇌ [B(H(HCOH)2(HCO−)2(HCOH)2H)2]− + 2 H2O
Giving the overall reaction

B(OH)3 + 2 H(HCOH)6H ⇌ [B(H(HCOH)2(HCO−)2(HCOH)2H)2]− + 3 H2O + H+
The stability of these mannitoborate ester anions shifts the equilibrium of the right and thus increases the acidity of the solution by 5 orders of magnitude compared to that of pure boric oxide, lowering the pKa from 9 to below 4 for sufficient concentration of mannitol.

The resulting solution has been called mannitoboric acid.
The addition of mannitol to an initially neutral solution containing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) or simple borates lowers its pH enough for it to be titrated by a strong base as NaOH, including with an automated a potentiometric titrator.

This property is used in analytical chemistry to determine the borate content of aqueous solutions, for example to monitor the depletion of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) by neutrons in the water of the primary circuit of light-water reactor when the compound is added as a neutron poison during refueling operations.



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is produced from borax, colemanite, or other inorganic borates by reaction with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and cooling the solution to proper temperature:
Na2B4O7 ? 10Η2Ο + H2SO4 → 4H3BO3 + Na2SO4 + 5H2O

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also may be prepared by extraction of weak borax brine with a kerosene solution of an aromatic diol, such as 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol or 3-chloro- 2-hydroxy-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)benzyl alcohol.
The diol-borate chelate formed separates into a kerosene phase.
Treatment with sulfuric acid yields Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) which partitions into aqueous phase and is purified by recrystallization.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) occurs naturally as the mineral sassolite.
However, the majority of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is produced by reacting inorganic borates with sulfuric acid in an aqueous medium.
Sodium borate and partially refined calcium borate (colemanite) are the principal raw materials.
When Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is made from colemanite, the fineground ore is vigorously stirred with mother liquor and sulfuric acid at about 908℃.
The by-product calcium sulfate is removed by filtration, and the Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is crystallized by cooling the filtrate.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a colorless, transparent triclinic crystal or white granule or powder; density 1.435 g/cm3; melts at 171°C under normal heating; however, slow heating causes loss of water; sparingly soluble in cold water (4.7% at 20°C); pH of 0.1M solution 5.1; readily dissolves in hot water (19.1% at 80°C and 27.5% at 100°C); also soluble in lower alcohols and moderately soluble in pyridine.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a white powder or granules and odorless.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is incompatible with potassium, acetic anhydride, alkalis, carbonates, and hydroxides.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has uses in the production of textile fiberglass, flat panel displays, and eye drops.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is recognized for its application as a pH buffer and as a moderate antiseptic agent and emulsifier.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a white, amorphous powder or colorless, crystalline solid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) occurs as a hygroscopic, white crystalline powder, colorless shiny plates, or white crystals.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Chemical formula: BH3O3
Molar mass: 61.83 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Density: 1.435 g/cm³
Melting point: 170.9 °C (339.6 °F; 444.0 K)
Boiling point: 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
Solubility in water:
2.52 g/100 mL (0 °C)
4.72 g/100 mL (20 °C)
5.7 g/100 mL (25 °C)
19.10 g/100 mL (80 °C)
27.53 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility in other solvents:
Soluble in lower alcohols
Moderately soluble in pyridine
Very slightly soluble in acetone
log P: -0.29

Acidity (pKa): 9.24 (first proton), 12.4 (second), 13.3 (complete)
Conjugate base: Borate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -34.1·10^(-6) cm³/mol
Molecular Weight: 61.84 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 62.0175241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 62.0175241 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 60.7 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 61.83 g/mol
Density: 1.435 g/cm³ (standard)
1.48 g/cm³ (at 23 °C)
Boiling Point: 158 °C
Melting Point:
300 °C (standard)
1000 °C (decomposition)
CAS Number: 10043-35-3
EC Index Number: 005-007-00-2
EC Number: 233-139-2
Hill Formula: BH₃O₃
Chemical Formula: H₃BO₃
HS Code: 2810 00 90
Quality Level: MQ200
Additional Properties:
pH Value: 5.1 (1.8 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor Pressure: Bulk Density: 400 - 600 kg/m³

Solubility: 49.2 g/l
Physical Properties:
Physical State: Crystalline
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 160 °C
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: No data available
Flammability (Solid, Gas): Not flammable (solid)
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: No data available
Flash Point: Not applicable
Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
Chemical Properties:
pH: 5.1 at 1.8 g/l at 25 °C
Solubility:
Water Solubility: 49.2 g/l at 20 °C, completely soluble
Partition Coefficient (n-Octanol/Water):
log Pow: -1.09 at 22 °C

Physical Properties:
Vapor Pressure: < 0.1 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1.48 g/cm³ at 23 °C
Relative Density: 1.49 at 23 °C
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Particle Characteristics: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Safety Information:
Dissociation Constant: 8.94 at 20 °C
Chemical Properties (Recap):
IUPAC Names: Boric acid, Trihydroxidoboron
Chemical Formula: BH₃O₃
Molar Mass: 61.83 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Density: 1.435 g/cm³
Melting Point: 170.9 °C
Boiling Point: 300 °C

Solubility in Water:
2.52 g/100 mL at 0 °C
4.72 g/100 mL at 20 °C
5.7 g/100 mL at 25 °C
19.10 g/100 mL at 80 °C
27.53 g/100 mL at 100 °C
Solubility in Other Solvents:
Soluble in lower alcohols
Moderately soluble in pyridine
CBNumber:CB6128144
Molecular Formula:BH3O3 Lewis structure
Molecular Weight:61.83
MDL Number:MFCD00236358
MOL File:10043-35-3.mol
Solubility: Slightly soluble in acetone and pyridine.
Molecular Shape: Trigonal planar
Dipole Moment: Zero
Appearance: White granular

Color: White
Melting Point: Approximately 185°C (decomposition)
Density: 1.435 g/cm³
Odor: Odorless
Flash Point: None
Assay Percent Range: 99.8%
Physical Form: Granular
Beilstein Number: 1697939
Formula Weight: 61.83 g/mol
Chemical Name or Material: Boric acid
Melting point: 160 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 219-220 °C (9.7513 mmHg)
Density: 1.440 g/cm³
Vapor pressure: 2.6 mm Hg (20 °C)
Storage temperature: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Solubility: H2O: soluble
Form: working solution
pKa: 8.91±0.43 (Predicted)

Specific Gravity: 1.435
Color: ≤10 (APHA)
pH: 3.6-4.4 (25℃, saturated solution in H2O)
Odor: Odorless
pH Range: 3.8 - 4.8
Water Solubility: 49.5 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitivity: Hygroscopic
λmax (Maximum Absorption Wavelength): λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05, λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.05
Merck Index: 14,1336
BRN (Beilstein Registry Number): 1697939
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3; STEL 6 mg/m3
InChIKey: KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.09 at 22℃
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): BORIC ACID
CAS DataBase Reference: 10043-35-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: R57ZHV85D4
NIST Chemistry Reference: B(OH)3(10043-35-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: Orthoboric acid (10043-35-3)



FIRST AID MEASURES of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1D:
Non-combustible.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Bornyl acetate is a naturally occurring organic compound with a pleasant, woody aroma, found in various essential oils, most notably in the oils of coniferous trees like pine, fir, and cedar, as well as in some herbs like rosemary and sage.
Bornyl acetate is prized for its aromatic properties and is a common ingredient in perfumery and fragrance industries, characterized by its fresh, earthy, and slightly floral notes.
Beyond its olfactory appeal, Bornyl acetate also boasts potential therapeutic benefits, including its purported ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress when used in aromatherapy.

CAS Number: 5413-60-5
EC Number: 219-700-4
Molecular Formula: C12H16O2
Molecular Weight: 192.25 g/mol

Synonyms: Bornyl acetate, 4,7-Methanoinden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, acetate, Dihydro-nordicyclopentadienyl acetate, Tricyclodecen-4-yl 8-acetate, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-5-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, 5-acetate, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-inden-5-yl acetate, 4,7-Methanoinden-5-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, acetate, Tricyclo(5.2.1.02,6)dec-3-en-9-yl acetate, Tricyclodecenyl acetate, Tricyclo(5.2.1.02,6)dec-4-en-8-yl acetate, tricyclodecenyl acetate, dihydrodicyclopentadiene acetate, Hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl acetate, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, 6-acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-,6-acetate, 4,7-Methanoinden-6-ol,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-,acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-,acetate, Bornyl acetate, 4,7-Methano-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroinden-6-yl acetate, Herbaflorat, NSC 6598, Greenyl acetate, 8-Acetoxytricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-3-ene, Jasmacyclene, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, Bornyl acetate, 5413-60-5, Jasmacyclen, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, Tricyclodecenyl acetate, Tricyclodecen-4-yl 8-acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, acetate, Greenyl acetate, Dihydro-nordicyclopentadienyl acetate, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, 5232EN3X2F, NSC-6598, MFCD00135806, 4,7-Methanoinden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, 6-acetate, Herbaflorat, NSC 6598; Herbaflorat; Greenyl acetate, NSC 6598, EINECS 226-501-6, JASMACYCLENE, BRN 1949487, AI3-20146, SCHEMBL114981, UNII-5232EN3X2F, DTXSID4029270, NSC6598, Dihydro-nor-dicyclopentadienyl acetate, AKOS027276455, BS-42422, SY316742, J217.985G, NS00003520, 8-acetoxytricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6]dec-3-ene, 8-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-3-enyl acetate, E76501, EC 226-501-6, 8-ACETOXYTRICYCLO(5.2.1.02,6)DEC-3-ENE, W-105670, Q10878625, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-6-ylacetate, ACETIC ACID TRICYCLE(5.2.1.0(SUP 2,6))DECA-3-ENE-8-YL ESTER, 3A,4,5,6,7,7A-HEXAHYDRO-1H-4,7-METHANOINDEN-6-YL ACETATE, 4,7-METHANO-1H-INDEN-6-OL, 3A,4,5,6,7,7A-HEXAHYDRO-, 6-ACETATE, 4,7-METHANO-1H-INDEN-6-OL, 3A,4,5,6,7,7A-HEXAHYDRO-, ACETATE, 8-ACETOXYTRICYCLO(5.2.1.02,6)DEC-3-ENE, ACETIC ACID TRICYCLE(5.2.1.0(SUP 2,6))DECA-3-ENE-8-YL ESTER, GREENYL ACETATE, J217.985G, JASMACYCLENE, NSC-6598, Bornyl acetate, DIHYDRO-DICYCLOPENTADIENYL ACETATE, 4,7-Methano-1H-Inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-, Acetate, Dihydro-Nordicyclopentadienyl Acetate, Tricyclodecen-4-yl 8-Acetate, Tricyclodecenyl Acetate (IFRA)

Bornyl acetate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid known for its distinctive woody and green scent.
Bornyl acetate is commonly used in the fragrance industry to create perfumes and scented personal care products like lotions and soaps.

With a chemical formula of C14H24O2, Bornyl acetate provides a fresh, slightly balsamic note that adds depth and complexity to aromatic formulations.
Bornyl acetate is valued for its stability and versatility, making it a popular choice among perfumers and cosmetic manufacturers.

Bornyl acetate is a light-floral green soapy compound.
Bornyl acetate is a clear to straw yellow liquid and is not present in nature.

Bornyl acetate is synthetic.
Bornyl acetate has a strong and lasting delicate fragrance and is used in flavor essences such as modulation lavandula angustifolia, the banksia rose, fragrance are strange, chypre, and for makeup.

Bornyl acetate is a naturally occurring organic compound with a pleasant, woody aroma.
Bornyl acetate is found in various essential oils, most notably in the oils of coniferous trees like pine, fir, and cedar, as well as in some herbs like rosemary and sage.
This ester is prized for its aromatic properties and is a common ingredient in perfumery and fragrance industries.

Bornyl acetate's fragrance profile is characterized by its fresh, earthy, and slightly floral notes, making it a popular choice for adding depth and complexity to perfumes, colognes, and scented products.
Beyond Bornyl acetate's olfactory appeal, Bornyl acetate also boasts potential therapeutic benefits, including its purported ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress when used in aromatherapy.
Bornyl acetate continues to be an essential component in the world of fragrance and aromatics, captivating our senses with its delightful scent.

Bornyl acetate is a fragrance.
Bornyl acetate is widely used in alcoholic lotions, antiperspirant, deo-stick, detergent perborate, hard surface cleaner, shampoo and soap.
The shelf life of Bornyl acetate is 24 months

Bornyl acetate is a naturally occurring organic compound with a pleasant, woody aroma.
Bornyl acetate is found in various essential oils, most notably in the oils of coniferous trees like pine, fir, and cedar, as well as in some herbs like rosemary and sage.

This ester is prized for Bornyl acetate's aromatic properties and is a common ingredient in perfumery and fragrance industries.
Bornyl acetate's fragrance profile is characterized by its fresh, earthy, and slightly floral notes, making it a popular choice for adding depth and complexity to perfumes, colognes, and scented products.

Beyond Bornyl acetate's olfactory appeal, Bornyl acetate also boasts potential therapeutic benefits, including its purported ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress when used in aromatherapy.
Bornyl acetate, continues to be an essential component in the world of fragrance and aromatics, captivating our senses with its delightful scent.

Bornyl acetate is a natural product found in Solanum lycopersicum with data available.
Bornyl acetate is cycloBornyl acetate jasmacyclene .

Bornyl acetate is light-floral green soapy.
Bornyl acetate is the ester that conforms to the formula: C12H16O2.

Bornyl acetate is a synthetic aromatic chemical.
Bornyl acetate has a shelf life of 24 months.

Uses of Bornyl acetate:
Bornyl acetate has a strong and lasting delicate fragrance and is used in flavor essences such as modulation lavandula angustifolia, the banksia rose, fragrance are strange, chypre, and for makeup .
Bornyl acetate is used fine fragrances, beauty care, hair care, laundry Care.

Bornyl acetate is an excellent modifier & provides floral accords an attractive green fruity volume with a sweet anise and wood background.
Bornyl acetate is used for perfuming soaps, detergents and air freshners.

Benefits and Uses:

Perfumery:
Bornyl acetate, with its woody and floral notes, is an essential component in high-end perfumes, providing a lasting and captivating fragrance.

Aromatherapy:
In aromatherapy, Bornyl acetate is utilized to create calming essential oil blends that promote relaxation and reduce stress.

Flavorings:
Bornyl acetate adds a subtle piney flavor to certain food and beverage products, enhancing their taste profiles.

Cosmetics:
Bornyl acetate is used in cosmetics such as lotions and creams to imbue them with a pleasant, nature-inspired scent, enhancing the user's sensory experience.

Cleaning Products:
Bornyl acetate's fresh and clean aroma makes Bornyl acetate a popular choice for adding fragrance to various household cleaning items, leaving spaces smelling rejuvenated.

Pharmaceuticals:
In some pharmaceutical preparations, Bornyl acetate is incorporated for both its fragrance and its potential calming effects, contributing to a more pleasant medication experience.

Industry Uses:
Odor agents
Fragrance

Consumer Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Odor agents
Fragrance

Molecular Structure of Bornyl acetate:
The molecular formula of Bornyl acetate is C12H16O2.
The IUPAC name of Bornyl acetate is 8-tricyclo [5.2.1.0 2,6 ]dec-3-enyl acetate.
The molecular weight of Bornyl acetate is 192.25 g/mol.

Physical And Chemical Properties of Bornyl acetate:
Bornyl acetate is a clear to straw yellow liquid.
Bornyl acetate is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol.
Bornyl acetate is stable under normal conditions.

Synthesis of Bornyl acetate:
The synthetic method of Bornyl acetate involves a long production reaction scheme, which is considered dangerous and not suitable for industrial production due to its low synthetic yield.
A detailed synthetic method can be found in a patent.

General Manufacturing Information of Bornyl acetate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Other (requires additional information)
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade

Manufacturing Process of Bornyl acetate:
The extensive Bornyl acetate production cost report consists of the major industrial manufacturing process(es):

From Acetic Acid and Perchloric-Phosphoric acid:
The production process of Bornyl acetate begins with the chemical reaction between acetic acid and perchloric-phosphoric acid, yielding a mixture.
Bornyl acetate is then treated by the slow addition of acetic anhydride and dicyclopentadiene, which is then washed by using sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite, and saturated salt followed by fractional distillation to yield Bornyl acetate at the end.

Bornyl acetate is produced through chemical synthesis.
The high chloride-phosphoric acid and acetic acid are added together in specific quantities.

After that, at a temperature of about 580C, acetic anhydride is added to the mixture, followed by the addition of dicyclopentadiene.
A temperature of 50-800C is maintained.

Further through vacuum fractionation, the products are washed by NaOH.
Hence, Bornyl acetate is obtained.

Bornyl acetate is a clear and colourless liquid.
The chemical formula of Bornyl acetate is C12H16O2.

The specific gravity of Bornyl acetate at 25 °C is 1.07 to 1.09.
The flash point of Bornyl acetate is 111°C.

Bornyl acetate is insoluble in water but is miscible in alcohol.
The molecular weight of Bornyl acetate is 192.25 g/mol.

Handling And Storage of Bornyl acetate:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage:
Keep in tightly closed container in a cool and dry place, protected from light.
When stored for more than 24 months, quality should be checked before use.

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Stability And Reactivity of Bornyl acetate:

Reactivity:
No data available

Chemical stability:
Bornyl acetate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First Aid Measures of Bornyl acetate:

General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Fire Fighting Measures of Bornyl acetate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system

Accidental Release Measures of Bornyl acetate:

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry. Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Bornyl acetate:

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses

Skin protection:

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Body Protection:
protective clothing

Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2

Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

Identifiers of Bornyl acetate:
Molecular Formula: C12H16O2
DSSTOX Substance ID: DTXSID4029270
Molecular Weight: 192.25 g/mol
Physical Description: Liquid; Liquid, Other Solid
Product Name: Bornyl acetate
CAS RN: 5413-60-5
Product Name: 4,7-Methano-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroinden-6-yl acetate
CAS No.: 5413-60-5
Molecular Formula: C12H16O2
InChIKey: RGVQNSFGUOIKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 192.25 g/mol
Exact Mass: 192.25
EC Number: 226-501-6
UNII: 5232EN3X2F
NSC Number: 6598
DSSTox ID: DTXSID4029270

Molecular Weight: 192.25
Appearance: A colorless viscous liquid.
Boiling point: 288.25°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.0240 (rough estimate)
Storage temp: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Water Solubility: 10μg/L at 30℃
Chemical Name: 3A,4,5,6,7,7A-HEXAHYDRO-4,7-METHANOINDEN-6-YL ACETATE
Chemical Formula: C12 H16 O2
Family: Floral
CAS N°: 5413-60-5
EINECS N°: 226-501-6
FEMA N°: -

Properties of Bornyl acetate:
Molecular Weight: 192.25 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 192.115029749 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 192.115029749 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Complexity: 295
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 5
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Beilstein Number: 1949487
MDL: MFCD00135806
XlogP3-AA: 2.20 (est)
Molecular Weight: 192.25792000
Formula: C12 H16 O2
AL number: 3046
CAS number: To be assigned
CAS number (unlabelled): 5413-60-5
Molecular Formula: C12H16O2
Molecular Weight: 194.24
Assay: 95% min.
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 96.00 to 100.00 sum of isomers

Flash Point: > 100°C
Refractive Index ND20: [1.492 - 1.498]
Specific Gravity (D20/20): [1.072 - 1.082]
Purity: > 98% (SUM OF ISOMERS)
Molecular Weight: 192
Chemical Formula: C12H16O2
CAS Number: 5413-60-5
Color: Clear Colorless Liquid
Shelf Life: 12 months
Form: Liquid
IUPAC Name: 8-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-3-enyl acetate
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H16O2/c1-7(13)14-12-6-8-5-11(12)10-4-2-3-9(8)10/h2-3,8-12H,4-6H2,1H3
InChI Key: RGVQNSFGUOIKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES: CC(=O)OC1CC2CC1C3C2C=CC3

Specifications of Bornyl acetate:
APPEARANCE AT 20°C: Clear moible liquid
COLOR: Colorless to pale yellow
ODOR: Fruit,green,wood,anise,floral,ozone
OPTICAL ROTATION (°): -0,5 / 0,5
DENSITY AT 20°C (G/ML)): 1,068 - 1,078
REFRACTIVE INDEX ND20: 1,4930 - 1,4970
FLASHPOINT (°C): 116
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in ethanol 96º
ASSAY (% GC): Sum of isomers > 98
ACID VALUE (MG KOH/G): < 1

BORON NITRIDE, N° CAS : 10043-11-5, Nom INCI : BORON NITRIDE, Nom chimique : Boron nitride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-136-6. Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules. Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Boron Nitride = BN

CAS Number: 10043-11-5
EC Number: 233-136-6
Chemical formula: BN
Molar mass: 24.82 g/mol

Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN.
Boron Nitride exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice.
The hexagonal form corresponding to graphite is the most stable and soft among BN polymorphs, and is therefore used as a lubricant and an additive to cosmetic products.
The cubic (zincblende aka sphalerite structure) variety analogous to diamond is called c-BN; Boron Nitride is softer than diamond, but Boron Nitrides thermal and chemical stability is superior.
The rare wurtzite BN modification is similar to lonsdaleite but slightly softer than the cubic form.

Boron nitride (BN is a synthetic material, which although discovered in the early 19th century was not developed as a commercial material until the latter half of the 20th century.
Boron and nitrogen are neighbours of carbon in the periodic table - in combination boron and nitrogen have the same number of outer shell electrons - the atomic radii of boron and nitrogen are similar to that of carbon.
Boron Nitride is not surprising therefore that boron nitride and carbon exhibit similarity in their crystal structure.
In the same way that carbon exists as graphite and diamond, boron nitride can be synthesised in hexagonal and cubic forms.

The synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride powder is achieved by nitridation or ammonalysis of boric oxide at elevated temperature.
Cubic boron nitride is formed by high pressure, high temperature treatment of hexagonal BN.

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is the equivalent in structure of graphite.
Like graphite Boron Nitrides plate like microstructure and layered lattice structure give Boron Nitride good lubricating properties.
h-BN is resistant to sintering and is usually formed by hot pressing.

Cubic boron nitride (C-BN) has the same structure as diamond and Boron Nitrides properties mirror those of diamond.
Indeed C-BN is the second hardest material next to diamond.
C-BN was first synthesised in 1957, but Boron Nitride is only in the last 15 years that commercial production of C-BN has developed.

Boron nitride is a non-toxic thermal and chemical refractory compound with high electrical resistance, and is most commonly available in colorless crystal or white powder form.
Boron Nitride is an advanced ceramic material and is often referred to as “white graphene” or “inorganic graphite”.
In this article, Let’s discuss the production, general properties, and uses of boron nitride.

Boron nitride (BN) is a binary chemical compound, consisting of equal numbers of boron and nitrogen atoms.
Boron Nitrides empirical formula is therefore BN.
Boron nitride is isoelectronic with carbon and, like carbon, boron nitrides exists as various polymorphic forms, one of which is analogous to diamond and one analogous to graphite.
The diamond-like polymorph is one of the hardest materials known and the graphite-like polymorph is a useful lubricant.

Boron Nitride (BN) is a popular inorganic compound capable of showing different forms and properties.
Similar to many other inorganic compounds, BN has found an important place in the world of chemistry.
However, the potential of BN was discovered later in history compared to other inorganic compounds such as oxides of boron and iron, chlorides, or ammonia.

This delay could be attributed to the fact that BN is not found in nature and actually obtained in the laboratory environment.
BN was first produced at the beginning of the 18th century.
However, Boron Nitrides commercial use did not start until the 1940s.
Since then, Boron Nitride is widely produced and utilized in different industries.

Boron nitride attracts attention due to Boron Nitrides electronic comparability to the world-famous element carbon.
Much like carbon, BN shares the same number of electrons between neighbouring atoms.
Furthermore, BN takes on similar structural properties to carbon.
A surprising equivalence between different phases of BN and phases of carbon based materials is observed.

BN products can exist in several different phases including amorphous (a-BN), hexagonal (h-BN), turbostratic (t-BN), rhombohedral (r-BN), monoclinic (m-BN), orthorhombic (o-BN), wurtzite (w-BN), and cubic (c-BN) phases.
Amongst the different polymorphic forms of BN hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and cubic boron nitride (c-BN) attract the most attention due to their stability, similarity to different phases of carbon based materials, and desirable properties.
Hexagonal boron nitride is often associated with graphite-like carbon based materials while c-BN is often associated with the diamond-like carbon structure.
The first samples of c-BN were produced from hexagonal boron nitride using high pressure and high temperature process in the presence of catalyst in 1957.

After this discovery, much more sophisticated production methods have been developed for the production of c-BN.
But, commercial availability of c-BN was not obtained up until 1969.
Since then, desirable properties of cubic boron nitride have been utilized in several different industries.

Boron nitride (BN) is a binary chemical compound, consisting of equal numbers of boron and nitrogen atoms.
The empirical formula is therefore BN.
Boron nitride is isoelectronic to the elemental forms of carbon and isomorphism occurs between the two species.
That is boron nitride possess three polymorphic forms; one analogous to diamond, one analogous to graphite and ones analogous to the fullerenes.
The diamond-like allotrope of boron nitride is one of the hardest materials known but is softer than materials such as diamond, ultrahard fullerite, and aggregated diamond nanorods.

A hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) is an atomic-thick 2D material that exhibits many interesting properties such as high chemical stability and excellent mechanical and thermal properties.
In Chapter One, the authors introduce two methods for the exfoliation of BNNS from hexagonal boron nitride (hBN).
Then, methodologies for the surface functionalization and nanocomposite construction are demonstrated by two BNNS based nanocomposites.
The catalytic performance of the BNNS based nanocomposites is also evaluated and discussed in detail.

Chapter two evaluates the formation of rolled hexagonal boron nitride nano-sheets (h-BN nanoscrolls) on their unique morphology, magnetic properties and applications.
Due to the high chemical and thermal stabilities, as well as atomically smooth surfaces with free of dangling bonds, hBN has been used as barriers, passivation and support layers in 2D electronic devices, to maximize the electrical and optical characterization of 2D materials.
However, there still remains a challenge in obtaining large-area and high-quality hBN film for real 2D electronic devices.
Chapter Three focuses on chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a promising method to overcome these limitations.

Chapter Four discusses how a boron doped armchair graphene ribbon has been shown by cyclic voltammetry to be a potential catalyst to replace platinum, however the reaction catalyzed was not identified.
The authors use density functional calculations to show the reaction catalyzed is likely dissociation of HO2.
Chapter Five reveals a novel and industrially feasible route to incorporate boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNPs) in radiation-shielding aerospace structural materials.

Chapter Six deals with the preparation and characterization of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT)-reinforced biopolyester matrices.
The morphology, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, cytotoxicity, thermal, mechanical, tribological and antibacterial properties of the resulting nanocomposites are discussed in detail.
Chapter Seven presents theoretical estimations regarding the compressive buckling response of single walled boron nitride nanotubes (SWBNNTs), which have a similar crystal structure as single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).

Moreover, SWBNNTs have excellent mechanical, insulating and dielectric properties.
Finally, Chapter Eight shows how the different exchange mechanisms can be distinguished and measured by studying solid films where part of the 3He is replaced by immobile Ne atoms.
The authors also show how the formation energy of vacancies and vacancy tunneling frequency can be obtained from NMR studies at high temperature.

Boron Nitride is an advanced synthetic ceramic material available in solid and powder form.
Boron Nitrides unique properties – from high heat capacity and outstanding thermal conductivity to easy machinability, lubricity, low dielectric constant and superior dielectric strength – make boron nitride a truly outstanding material.

In Boron Nitrides solid form, boron nitride is often referred to as “white graphite” because Boron Nitride has a microstructure similar to that of graphite.
However, unlike graphite, boron nitride is an excellent electrical insulator that has a higher oxidation temperature.
Boron Nitride offers high thermal conductivity and good thermal shock resistance and can be easily machined to close tolerances in virtually any shape.
After machining, Boron Nitride is ready for use without additional heat treating or firing operations.

Boron Nitride is a graphite-like, crystalline material that has light-diffusing and texture improving properties.
Boron Nitride is quite the multi-tasker as Boron Nitride can blur imperfections, add an exceptional creamy feel to products and act as a mattifying agent.

In powder makeup products (think blushers, highlighters), Boron Nitride enhances the skin feel and improves the color pay-off.
In lipsticks, Boron Nitride gives a creamy feel and a better color on the lips.

First Aid Measures of Boron Nitride:

General Measures: Remove patient from area of exposure.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, keep warm and quiet, give oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Seek medical attention.

Because of excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are used in high-temperature equipment and metal casting.
Boron nitride has potential use in nanotechnology.

The empirical formula of boron nitride (BN) is deceptive.
BN is not at all like other diatomic molecules such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen chloride (HCl).
Rather, Boron Nitride has much in common with carbon, whose representation as the monatomic C is also misleading.

BN, like carbon, has multiple structural forms.
BN’s most stable structure, hBN (shown), is isoelectronic with graphite and has the same hexagonal structure with similar softness and lubricant properties.
hBN can also be produced in graphene-like sheets that can be formed into nanotubes.

In contrast, cubic BN (cBN) is isoelectronic with diamond.
Boron Nitride is not quite as hard, but Boron Nitride is more thermally and chemically stable.
Boron Nitride is also much easier to make.
Unlike diamond, Boron Nitride is insoluble in metals at high temperatures, making Boron Nitride a useful abrasive and oxidation-resistant metal coating.
There is also an amorphous form (aBN), equivalent to amorphous carbon (see below).

BN is primarily a synthetic material, although a naturally occurring deposit has been reported.
Attempts to make pure BN date to the early 20th century, but commercially acceptable forms have been produced only in the past 70 years.
In a 1958 patent to the Carborundum Company (Lewiston, NY), Kenneth M. Taylor prepared molded shapes of BN by heating boric acid (H3BO3) with a metal salt of an oxyacid such as phosphate in the presence of ammonia to form a BN “mix”, which was then compressed into shape.

Today, similar methods are in use that begin with boric trioxide (B2O3) or H3BO3 and use ammonia or urea as the nitrogen source.
All synthetic methods produce a somewhat impure aBN, which is purified and converted to hBN by heating at temperatures higher than used in the synthesis.
Similarly, to the preparation of synthetic diamond, hBN is converted to cBN under high pressure and temperature.

Boron nitride (BN) is a chemical compound that is isoelectronic and isostructural to carbon with equal composition of boron and nitrogen atoms.

Cubical boron nitride (cBN) is the second hardest material known behind diamond.
Boron Nitrides abrasive properties are tremendously relevant for tools in cutting and grinding processes.
In a high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) process, the rather soft boron nitride (BN) is transformed into the cubic crystal system, where Boron Nitride resembles the structure of diamond (Klocke and König, 2008; Heisel et al., 2014).

After transformation, Boron Nitrides hardness reaches approximately 70 GPa or 3000 HV and a thermal stability up to 2000 °C (Heisel et al., 2014; Uhlmann et al., 2013).
Furthermore, cBN is chemically inert and will not oxidize unless the temperatures exceed 1200 °C.
Currently, the most used cutting materials based on boron nitride can be classified by high cBN-containing and low cBN-containing grades.
High cBN-containing grades consist of 80 to 90% cBN in a metallic W–Co binder phase or ceramic titanium or aluminum based binder phase.

Low cBN-containing grades consist of 45 to 65% cBN and a titanium carbide or titanium nitride based ceramic binder phase (Klocke and König, 2008; Heisel et al., 2014).
Tools containing cBN are preferred for the machining of various materials such as hardened steel, with a hardness of 55 HRC to 68 HRC, sintered metals and cobalt-based superalloys (Klocke and König, 2008).
Compared to diamond, cBN has a significantly lower chemical affinity towards iron or cobalt.
Therefore, Boron Nitride shows higher wear resistance when machining materials consisting of these elements (Marinescu et al., 2006).

boron nitride, (chemical formula BN), synthetically produced crystalline compound of boron and nitrogen, an industrial ceramic material of limited but important application, principally in electrical insulators and cutting tools.
Boron Nitride is made in two crystallographic forms, hexagonal boron nitride (H-BN) and cubic boron nitride (C-BN).

H-BN is prepared by several methods, including the heating of boric oxide (B2O3) with ammonia (NH3).
Boron Nitride is a platy powder consisting, at the molecular level, of sheets of hexagonal rings that slide easily past one another.
This structure, similar to that of the carbon mineral graphite (see the Figure), makes H-BN a soft, lubricious material; unlike graphite, though, H-BN is noted for Boron Nitrides low electric conductivity and high thermal conductivity.
H-BN is frequently molded and then hot-pressed into shapes such as electrical insulators and melting crucibles.
Boron Nitride also can be applied with a liquid binder as a temperature-resistant coating for metallurgical, ceramic, or polymer processing machinery.

C-BN is most often made in the form of small crystals by subjecting H-BN to extremely high pressure (six to nine gigapascals) and temperature (1,500° to 2,000° C, or 2,730° to 3,630° F).
Boron Nitride is second only to diamond in hardness (approaching the maximum of 10 on the Mohs hardness scale) and, like synthetic diamond, is often bonded onto metallic or metallic-ceramic cutting tools for the machining of hard steels.
Owing to Boron Nitrides high oxidation temperature (above 1,900° C, or 3,450° F), Boron Nitride has a much higher working temperature than diamond (which oxidizes above 800° C, or 1,475° F).

Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention.
Never induce vomiting or give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, brush material off skin, wash affected area with soap and water.
Seek medical attention if irritation develops or persists.
Eyes: Flush eyes with lukewarm water, including under upper and lower eyelids, for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

Most Important Symptoms/Effects, Acute and Delayed:
May cause irritation.
See section 11 for more information.
Indication of Immediate Medical Attention and Special Treatment:
No other relevant information available.

Firefighting Measures of Boron Nitride:
Extinguishing Media: Use suitable extinguishing agent for surrounding materials and type of fire.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: No information available.
Specific Hazards Arising from the Material: May release toxic fumes if involved in a fire.
Special Protective Equipment and Precautions for Firefighters: Wear full face, self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

Accidental Relase Measures of Boron Nitride:
Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment, and Emergency Procedures: Wear appropriate respiratory and protective equipment specified.
Isolate spill area and provide ventilation.
Avoid breathing dust or fume.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Methods and Materials for Containment and Cleaning Up: Avoid creating dust.
Scoop or vacuum up spill using a vacuum system equipped with a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration system and place in a properly labeled closed container for further handling and disposal.
Environmental Precautions: Do not allow to enter drains or to be released to the environment.

Handling And Storages of Boron Nitride:
Precautions for Safe Handling: Avoid creating dust.
Provide adequate ventilation if dusts are created.
Avoid breathing dust or fumes.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Wash thoroughly before eating or smoking.
Conditions for Safe Storage: Store in a cool, dry area.
Store material tightly sealed in properly labeled containers.
Do not store together with oxidizers.

Exposure Controls And Personal Protection of Boron Nitride:
Engineering Controls: Ensure adequate ventilation to maintain exposures below occupational limits.
Whenever possible the use of local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls is the preferred method of controlling exposure to airborne dust and fume to meet established occupational exposure limits.
Use good housekeeping and sanitation practices.

Do not use tobacco or food in work area.
Wash thoroughly before eating or smoking.
Do not blow dust off clothing or skin with compressed air.

Individual Protection Measures, Such as Personal Protective Equipment:
Respiratory Protection: Use suitable respirator when high concentrations are present.
Eye Protection: Safety glasses
Skin Protection: Impermeable gloves, protective work clothing as necessary.

Material Advantages of Boron Nitride:

To make solid shapes, hBN powders and binders are hot-pressed in billets up to 490mm x 490mm x 410mm at pressures up to 2000 psi and temperatures up to 2000°C.
This process forms a material that is dense and easily machined and ready to use.
Boron Nitride is available in virtually any custom shape that can be machined and has unique characteristics and physical properties which make Boron Nitride valuable for solving tough problems in a wide range of industrial applications.
Excellent thermal shock resistance
High electrical resistivity – excluding aerosols, paints, and ZSBN
Low density

High thermal conductivity
Anisotropic (thermal conductance is different in different planes relative to pressing direction)
Corrosion resistant

Good chemical inertness
High temperature material
Non-wetting

High dielectric breakdown strength, >40 KV/mm
Low dielectric constant, k=4
Excellent machinability

Significance of Boron Nitride in Composites and Its Applications
Boron nitride (BN) exists in several polymorphic forms such as a-BN, h-BN, t-BN, r-BN, m-BN, o-BN, w-BN, and c-BN phases.
Among them, c-BN and h-BN are the most common ceramic powders used in composites to ensure enhanced material properties.
Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) has exceptional properties such as hardness, strength than relating with other ceramics so that are most commonly used as abrasives and in cutting tool applications.

c-BN possesses the second highest thermal conductivity after diamond and relatively low dielectric constant.
Hence pioneer preliminary research in AMCs proven substitute composites than virgin AA 6061 traditionally used for fins in heat sinks.
Moreover, poly-crystalline c-BN (PCBN) tools are most suitable for various machining tasks due to their unmatch-able mechanical properties.
h-BN also finds Boron Nitrides own unique applications where polymer composites for high temperature applications and sp 3 bonding in extreme temperature and compression conditions.

Structure and Chemistry of 2D Materials of Boron Nitride:
BNNSs can also be exfoliated in liquid phase, known as solution processing.
In 2008, Han et al. sonicated h-BN crystals in an organic solution and yielded one- to few-layer single-crystalline BN.
Subsequently, large-scale solution exfoliation of BNNSs was demonstrated using DMF as the solvent.

Liquid exfoliation can also be carried out in water without using any surfactants or organic molecules.
Choosing an appropriate solvent is crucial for exfoliating BNNSs with desired properties.
Production yield, lateral size, and number of layers can be significantly varied depending on the type of solvent used.

In addition, modifying BNNSs with functional groups can affect the interaction between the solvent and bulk BN, enhancing product quality.
Today, solution exfoliation methods are frequently carried out using mixed solvents and electric fields or microwaves to improve controllability.
Liquid exfoliation is an efficient process to prepare large amounts of BNNSs.
However, controlling the number of h-BN layers is very difficult, and sonication usually reduces the size of BNNS flakes.

Discovery of graphene and beyond
Boron nitride (BN), consisting of boron–nitrogen covalent bonds, was commonly used as a refractory material.
Isoelectronic to sp2 carbon lattice, BN was generally compared with carbon allotropes.

The cubic form of BN (c-BN) has a diamond-like crystalline arrangement and the bulk crystal of h-BN is analogous to graphite crystal.
The 2-D sheets of h-BN are the most stable and soft among Boron Nitrides polymorphs, and bonding in h-BN is similar to that in aromatic compounds, but Boron Nitrides considerably less covalency and higher ionic character make Boron Nitride one of the best proton conductors but also an electrical insulator.
Boron Nitrides thermal conductivity is the highest among all electrical insulators (Fig. 1.7).

Atomically thin h-BN sheets, also called “white graphene” can be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of molecular precursors, such as ammonia–borate.
Exfoliation of bulk h-BN under suitable conditions was also demonstrated for large-scale applications in coatings and cosmetics including, but not limited to, lipsticks and lip balms.
h-BN is used as a substrate to grow large-area graphene films because of Boron Nitrides low lattice mismatch with graphene (1.7%).

Nanolayers of h-BN display excellent thermal stability, chemical inertness, and high optical transparency, when compared with those of graphene.
In contrast to electronically conductive graphene, h-BN layers are insulators (band gap ~6 eV) because of the absence of the π-electrons and they show fire-retardant abilities.
The layers of h-BN have unusually high proton conduction rates and when combined with high electrical resistance, these could be useful for fuel cell applications.
Hence, inorganic analogues of graphene, such as h-BN, have paved the way to discover atomic layers of other elements with tunable properties and these include transition metal dichalogenides (TMDs) which are described next.

Porous Materials and Nanomaterials of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride (BN) ceramics are resistant to chemical attack and molten metals, have high thermal stability in air, and have anisotropic thermal conductivity that are suitable for widespread use in the fabrication of high-temperature crucibles.
BN can exist as multiple phases, and the hexagonal BN (hBN) phase is stable at room temperature.
hBN is the low-density phase that has been widely used as a heat resistant and electrically insulating material.

The hBN phase has a direct bandgap of 5.97 eV and efficiently emits deep UV light.10,42,43 hBN is isostructural to graphite, displaying expected anisotropic mechanical properties, such as facile cleavage and low hardness.
hBN has greater chemical and thermal stabilities than GaN and AlN, which also hold potential as wide-bandgap materials.
BN has two other forms: one isostructural to the cubic zinc blende structure and the other hexagonal and wurtzite-like.
The two forms, referred to as cBN and wBN, are stable at high pressures and temperatures, but can exist at room temperature in a metastable state.

A turbostratic phase, tBN, has also been characterized.
This structure is semicrystalline and lacks ordering in the third dimension, as Boron Nitride is analogous to turbostratic carbon black.
BN offers the lowest density (2.26 g cm−1) among nonoxide ceramics, and introducing porosity into such materials can benefit high-temperature composites and catalyst supports.
Furthermore, BN ceramics hold potential for applications in corrosive environments that are not suited for oxide ceramics.

Porous BN materials, which can be ordered47, or disordered, are most commonly synthesized using hard templates, such as carbon or silica, and advancing porous BN materials requires further development of synthetic techniques.
Fibers, coatings, and foams cannot be prepared from BN powders, as they are with Si3N4 and SiC.
In the past decade, several synthetic avenues have been explored.

Porous BN has been prepared from polymeric precursors as well-crystallized, regularly grained powder.
A mesoporous BN ceramic comprised of hBN crystallites with sizes between 24 and 45 Å has been synthesized using chemical vapor deposition and mesoporous silica as a hard template.
Another mesoporous hBN with low ordering of the porous texture has been synthesized using carbon templating.

A double nanocasting process via a carbonaceous template as a medium starting from zeolite Y (Faujasite) produced an amorphous BN with bimodal micro- and mesoporosity and a surface area of 570 m2 g−1.
The amorphous nature is attributed to the nanometric confinement within the zeolite pores.
This synthetic process involves coupling chemical vapor deposition and polymeric-derived ceramic routes.

In yet another study, mesoporous BN was obtained using a polymerization method in the presence of surfactants.
A method for acquiring mesoporous tBN with interesting cathodoluminescent behavior has been developed.

Many synthetic techniques of BN employ borane-based molecular precursors that are toxic and expensive.
In an effort to avoid these starting materials, amorphous BN was synthesized by placing B2O3 in a graphite crucible, covering with activated carbon, and heating at 1580 °C under a stream of nitrogen.
An intermediate BxCyNz undergoes further heat treatment in air at 600 °C to produce pure BN with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 167.8 m2 g−1 and an average pore radius of 3.216 nm.

Mesoporous BN can be synthesized by polymerization of a molecular BN precursor, tri(methylamino)borazine (MAB), in a solution of cationic surfactant, cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
MAB is introduced into a solution of CTAB and then heated at 120 °C to induce polycondensation reactions resulting in a gel.
The solvent is eliminated in vacuo and ceramization is carried out with ammonia at 1000 °C, followed by further thermal treatment.
The resulting BN material has a surface area of 800 m2 g−1 and pores that are 6.0 nm in diameter, with a mesoporosity that is retained up to 1600 °C.
Within the last 10 years, BN with pore diameters ranging from 2.552 to 25 nm51 have been reported.

Abrasives and Abrasive Tools of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride (B4N) is a crystalline material synthesized from boric anhydride and pure low-ash carbon material in electric furnaces at 1,800°C− 2,500°C (3,300°F–4,500°F).
Boron Nitrides hardness is about 3,800 HV and Boron Nitride has a good cutting ability in the form of loose grains.
However, a low oxidation temperature, of 430°C (800°F), prevents the use of boron nitride for grinding wheels.
Boron Nitride is used exclusively in the form of pastes for sintered carbide lapping, or as grit for sandblasting.

Amorphous form (a-BN) of Boron Nitride:
The amorphous form of boron nitride (a-BN) is non-crystalline, lacking any long-distance regularity in the arrangement of Boron Nitrides atoms.
Boron Nitride is analogous to amorphous carbon.

All other forms of boron nitride are crystalline.

Hexagonal form (h-BN) of Boron Nitride:
The most stable crystalline form is the hexagonal one, also called h-BN, α-BN, g-BN, and graphitic boron nitride.
Hexagonal boron nitride (point group = D6h; space group = P63/mmc) has a layered structure similar to graphite.
Within each layer, boron and nitrogen atoms are bound by strong covalent bonds, whereas the layers are held together by weak van der Waals forces.
The interlayer "registry" of these sheets differs, however, from the pattern seen for graphite, because the atoms are eclipsed, with boron atoms lying over and above nitrogen atoms.

This registry reflects the local polarity of the B–N bonds, as well as interlayer N-donor/B-acceptor characteristics.
Likewise, many metastable forms consisting of differently stacked polytypes exist.
Therefore, h-BN and graphite are very close neighbors, and the material can accommodate carbon as a substituent element to form BNCs.
BC6N hybrids have been synthesized, where carbon substitutes for some B and N atoms.

Cubic form (c-BN) of Boron Nitride:
Cubic boron nitride has a crystal structure analogous to that of diamond.
Consistent with diamond being less stable than graphite, the cubic form is less stable than the hexagonal form, but the conversion rate between the two is negligible at room temperature, as Boron Nitride is for diamond.
The cubic form has the sphalerite crystal structure, the same as that of diamond (with ordered B and N atoms), and is also called β-BN or c-BN.

Wurtzite form (w-BN) of Boron Nitride:
The wurtzite form of boron nitride (w-BN; point group = C6v; space group = P63mc) has the same structure as lonsdaleite, a rare hexagonal polymorph of carbon.
As in the cubic form, the boron and nitrogen atoms are grouped into tetrahedra.

In the wurtzite form, the boron and nitrogen atoms are grouped into 6-membered rings.
In the cubic form all rings are in the chair configuration, whereas in w-BN the rings between 'layers' are in boat configuration.
Earlier optimistic reports predicted that the wurtzite form was very strong, and was estimated by a simulation as potentially having a strength 18% stronger than that of diamond.
Since only small amounts of the mineral exist in nature, this has not yet been experimentally verified.
Recent studies measured w-BN hardness at 46 GPa, slightly harder than commercial borides but softer than the cubic form of boron nitride.

Properties of Boron Nitride:
The substance is composed of hexagonal structures that appear in crystalline form and is usually compared to graphite.
Boron Nitride may come in the form of a flat lattice or a cubic structure, both of which retain the chemical and heat resistance that boron nitride is known for.

Heat and chemical resistance: The compound has a melting point of 2,973°C and a thermal expansion coefficient significantly above that of diamond.
Its hexagonal form resists decomposition even when exposed to 1000°C in ambient air.
Boron nitride doesn’t dissolve in common acids.

Thermal conductivity: At 1700 to 2000 W/mK, boron nitride has a thermal conductivity that is comparable with that of graphene, a similarly hexagon-latticed compound but made up of carbon atoms.
Lubricating property: Boron nitride has the ability to boost the coefficient of friction of lubricating oil, while reducing the potential for wear.
Density: Depending on Boron Nitrides form, Boron Nitrides density ranges from 2.1 to 3.5 g/cm3.

Physical of Boron Nitride:
The partly ionic structure of BN layers in h-BN reduces covalency and electrical conductivity, whereas the interlayer interaction increases resulting in higher hardness of h-BN relative to graphite.
The reduced electron-delocalization in hexagonal-BN is also indicated by Boron Nitrides absence of color and a large band gap.
Very different bonding – strong covalent within the basal planes (planes where boron and nitrogen atoms are covalently bonded) and weak between them – causes high anisotropy of most properties of h-BN.

For example, the hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity are much higher within the planes than perpendicular to them.
On the contrary, the properties of c-BN and w-BN are more homogeneous and isotropic.

Those materials are extremely hard, with the hardness of bulk c-BN being slightly smaller and w-BN even higher than that of diamond.
Polycrystalline c-BN with grain sizes on the order of 10 nm is also reported to have Vickers hardness comparable or higher than diamond.
Because of much better stability to heat and transition metals, c-BN surpasses diamond in mechanical applications, such as machining steel.
The thermal conductivity of BN is among the highest of all electric insulators (see table).

Boron nitride can be doped p-type with beryllium and n-type with boron, sulfur, silicon or if co-doped with carbon and nitrogen.
Both hexagonal and cubic BN are wide-gap semiconductors with a band-gap energy corresponding to the UV region.
If voltage is applied to h-BN or c-BN, then Boron Nitride emits UV light in the range 215–250 nm and therefore can potentially be used as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers.

Little is known on melting behavior of boron nitride.
Boron Nitride sublimates at 2973 °C at normal pressure releasing nitrogen gas and boron, but melts at elevated pressure.

Thermal stability of Boron Nitride:
Hexagonal and cubic BN (and probably w-BN) show remarkable chemical and thermal stabilities.
For example, h-BN is stable to decomposition at temperatures up to 1000 °C in air, 1400 °C in vacuum, and 2800 °C in an inert atmosphere.

Thermal stability of c-BN can be summarized as follows:
In air or oxygen: B2O3 protective layer prevents further oxidation to ~1300 °C; no conversion to hexagonal form at 1400 °C.
In nitrogen: some conversion to h-BN at 1525 °C after 12 h.
In vacuum (10−5 Pa): conversion to h-BN at 1550–1600 °C.

Chemical stability of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride is insoluble in the usual acids, but is soluble in alkaline molten salts and nitrides, such as LiOH, KOH, NaOH-Na2CO3, NaNO3, Li3N, Mg3N2, Sr3N2, Ba3N2 or Li3BN2, which are therefore used to etch BN.

Thermal conductivity of Boron Nitride:
The theoretical thermal conductivity of hexagonal boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) can approach 1700–2000 W/(m⋅K), which has the same order of magnitude as the experimental measured value for graphene, and can be comparable to the theoretical calculations for graphene nanoribbons.
Moreover, the thermal transport in the BNNRs is anisotropic.
The thermal conductivity of zigzag-edged BNNRs is about 20% larger than that of armchair-edged nanoribbons at room temperature.

Natural occurrence of Boron Nitride:
In 2009, a naturally occurring boron nitride mineral in the cubic form (c-BN) was reported in Tibet, and the name qingsongite proposed.
The substance was found in dispersed micron-sized inclusions in chromium-rich rocks.
In 2013, the International Mineralogical Association affirmed the mineral and the name.

Properties & Production of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride (BN) is produced synthetically by the reaction of boric acid or boron oxide and nitrogen in the air.
Boron nitride uses are vast because of Boron Nitrides unique properties, such as good thermal shock resistance, non-toxicity, high thermal conductivity, chemical inertness, etc.
Boron Nitride also has a very high melting point (2,973°C).

BN is a chemical compound with an equal number of boron and nitrogen, possessing different properties than other atomic molecules (carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen chloride (HCI)), in that Boron Nitride has much to do with carbon.
And just like carbon, BN exists in crystalline forms, which are Hexagonal boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, and wurtzite boron nitride.
Boron Nitride can be adapted into different shapes (bars, rods, and plates), different forms (powder, solid-liquid, aerosol spray forms), and the grades vary as well (A, AX, 05, HP, M, and M26).

Among all crystalline forms of boron nitride, the most common phases are hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which comes in a graphite-like structure, and cubic boron nitride (c-BN), which has a diamond-like structure.
Having established a clear definition of boron nitride, let’s go to the different forms of boron nitride, and their uses.

Synthesis of Boron Nitride:
Preparation and reactivity of hexagonal BN
Boron nitride is produced synthetically.

Hexagonal boron nitride is obtained by the reacting boron trioxide (B2O3) or boric acid (H3BO3) with ammonia (NH3) or urea (CO(NH2)2) in a nitrogen atmosphere:[28]
B2O3 + 2 NH3 → 2 BN + 3 H2O (T = 900 °C)
B(OH)3 + NH3 → BN + 3 H2O (T = 900 °C)
B2O3 + CO(NH2)2 → 2 BN + CO2 + 2 H2O (T > 1000 °C)
B2O3 + 3 CaB6 + 10 N2 → 20 BN + 3 CaO (T > 1500 °C)

The resulting disordered (amorphous) boron nitride contains 92–95% BN and 5–8% B2O3.
The remaining B2O3 can be evaporated in a second step at temperatures > 1500 °C in order to achieve BN concentration >98%.
Such annealing also crystallizes BN, the size of the crystallites increasing with the annealing temperature.

BN parts can be fabricated inexpensively by hot-pressing with subsequent machining.
The parts are made from boron nitride powders adding boron oxide for better compressibility.
Thin films of boron nitride can be obtained by chemical vapor deposition from boron trichloride and nitrogen precursors.
Combustion of boron powder in nitrogen plasma at 5500 °C yields ultrafine boron nitride used for lubricants and toners.

Boron nitride reacts with iodine fluoride in trichlorofluoromethane at −30 °C to produce an extremely sensitive contact explosive, NI3, in low yield.
Boron nitride reacts with nitrides of lithium, alkaline earth metals and lanthanides to form nitridoborate compounds.
For example:
Li3N + BN → Li3BN2

Intercalation of hexagonal BN
Similar to graphite, various molecules, such as NH3 or alkali metals, can be intercalated into hexagonal boron nitride, that is inserted between Boron Nitrides layers.
Both experiment and theory suggest the intercalation is much more difficult for BN than for graphite.

Preparation of cubic BN
Synthesis of c-BN uses same methods as that of diamond: cubic boron nitride is produced by treating hexagonal boron nitride at high pressure and temperature, much as synthetic diamond is produced from graphite.
Direct conversion of hexagonal boron nitride to the cubic form has been observed at pressures between 5 and 18 GPa and temperatures between 1730 and 3230 °C, that is similar parameters as for direct graphite-diamond conversion.
The addition of a small amount of boron oxide can lower the required pressure to 4–7 GPa and temperature to 1500 °C.

As in diamond synthesis, to further reduce the conversion pressures and temperatures, a catalyst is added, such as lithium, potassium, or magnesium, their nitrides, their fluoronitrides, water with ammonium compounds, or hydrazine.
Other industrial synthesis methods, again borrowed from diamond growth, use crystal growth in a temperature gradient, or explosive shock wave.
The shock wave method is used to produce material called heterodiamond, a superhard compound of boron, carbon, and nitrogen.

Low-pressure deposition of thin films of cubic boron nitride is possible.
As in diamond growth, the major problem is to suppress the growth of hexagonal phases (h-BN or graphite, respectively).
Whereas in diamond growth this is achieved by adding hydrogen gas, boron trifluoride is used for c-BN.
Ion beam deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition, reactive sputtering, and other physical vapor deposition methods are used as well.

Preparation of wurtzite BN
Wurtzite BN can be obtained via static high-pressure or dynamic shock methods.
The limits of Boron Nitrides stability are not well defined.
Both c-BN and w-BN are formed by compressing h-BN, but formation of w-BN occurs at much lower temperatures close to 1700 °C.

Production statistics of Boron Nitride:
Whereas the production and consumption figures for the raw materials used for BN synthesis, namely boric acid and boron trioxide, are well known (see boron), the corresponding numbers for the boron nitride are not listed in statistical reports.
An estimate for the 1999 world production is 300 to 350 metric tons.
The major producers and consumers of BN are located in the United States, Japan, China and Germany.
In 2000, prices varied from about $75–120/kg for standard industrial-quality h-BN and were about up to $200–400/kg for high purity BN grades.

Applications of Boron Nitride:

Boron Nitride Coating
Hexagonal boron nitride suspension has a high thermal conductivity.
Boron Nitride is not impregnated with molten metals and can be applied directly to the surface requiring protection, even if the surface is already hot.
Boron Nitride remains consistent at high temperatures and inert to metals, glass or molten salts.

This system is unique in Boron Nitrides properties, making Boron Nitride an ideal lubricant for hot parts and tools.
Boron Nitride is a release agent and an effective coating for all very hot materials.
Boron nitride remains effective up to 800°C in air and 1950°C in inert gas, making Boron Nitride a very good dry lubricant.
Boron Nitrides amazing features and ease of use have earned Boron Nitride the nickname "white graphite".

Specifications of Boron Nitride Coating:
High-temperature lubricant (1950°C)
High-temperature release agent
Protective coating for metals, ceramics, ceramic fibres and graphites

Facilitates casting of molten metals (aluminium, magnesium, zinc and lead)
Facilitates sliding of press tools at very high temperatures
Aerosol packaging for easy and universal use
Boron nitride (BN) is a semiconductor at high temperatures and an insulation at room temperature.

Usage of Boron Nitride Coating:
Clean the surfaces being coated, removing all splashes from melting or welding work
Shake the aerosol well

Spray about 70 cm from the surface being treated
Move the spray slowly and evenly
Apply in thin layers; if they are too thick the coat may crack
Boron Nitride is advisable to overlay several thin layers, waiting for each one to dry before applying the next

Thermocouple and probe protection
Protection for casting tools
High-temperature lubricant: foundry moulds, gasket wire drawing and more

Electrical insulation
Additive for silicone and resin to improve thermal conductivity
Release agent (metallurgy, metallisation industry, plastic injection moulds and more)

Protective layer for sintering and other applications
Coating to reduce friction and increase chemical inertness
BN 1012 is available as an aerosol or in a plastic bottle (5 and 10 litres)

Electrical insulators
The combination of high dielectric breakdown strength and volume resistivity lead to h-BN being used as an electrical insulator however Boron Nitrides’ tendency to oxidise at high temperatures often restrict Boron Nitrides use to vacuum and inert atmosphere operation.

Crucibles and reaction vessles
Boron Nitrides chemical inertness leads to application as thermocouple protection sheaths, crucibles and linings for reaction vessels though as above oxidation must be avoided.

Moulds and evaporating boats
h-BN is used in bulk form or as a coating for refractory moulds used in glass forming and in superplastic forming of titanium.
Boron Nitride is also used as a constituent in composite materials e.g. TiB2/BN composites for metal evaporation boats, and Si3N4/BN for break rings in continuous casting of steel.

Hot isostatic pressing
Boron Nitrides refractoriness combined with the fact that Boron Nitride is not wetted by molten glass lead to h-BN being used in the production of hot isostatically pressed (HIP’ed) material, most notable ceramics.
In this application preformed parts are coated in h-BN prior to glass encapsulation and HIP’ing.
This protects the part being HIP’ed from actually coming into contact with the glass, which in turn makes Boron Nitride easier to remove after HIP’ing.

Machine cutting tools and abrasives
Cutting tools and abrasive components particularly for use with low carbon ferrous metals have been developed using C-BN.
In this application the tools behave in a similar manner to polycrystalline diamond tools but can be used on iron and low carbon alloys without risk of reaction.

Substrates for electronic devices
C-BN is used for substrates for mounting high density and high power electronic components where the high thermal conductivity achieved allows efficient heat dissipation.

Wear resistant coatings
Due to Boron Nitrides high hardness and excellent wear resistant properties, coatings of C-BN have been developed.

Lubricant of Boron Nitride:
The hexagonal form of boron nitride is used as lubricant for paints, cosmetics, pencil lead, and cement for dental applications.
Boron Nitrides lubricating property occurs even in the absence of gas or water molecules within the compound layers, thereby making Boron Nitride a good component for vacuum systems.
Compared to graphite, BN has significantly better chemical stability and electrical conductivity.

Equipment in high-heat environments
Boron Nitrides exceptional resistance to heat lends the compound to a wide variety of applications involving extremely high temperatures.
Hexagonal boron nitride is being used to improve the lubricating properties of rubber, plastic, alloys, and ceramics.

In the case of plastics, inclusion of a BN component provides lower thermal expansion.
Boron Nitride may also be integrated into semiconductor substrates and microwave oven windows.
Boron nitride is an effective component of reaction vessels and crucibles because of Boron Nitrides thermochemical properties.

Semiconductor industry
With a bandgap ranging from 4.5 to 6.4 eV, boron nitride is an excellent wide-gap semiconductor material.
Boron Nitrides intrinsic thermal and dielectric properties make Boron Nitride a suitable substrate in developing metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and semiconductors.

Abrasive and cutting implements
Due to the physical properties of cubic boron nitride, this polymorph is used as abrasive material for nickel, iron, and selected alloys in conditions where diamond was not found to be suitable (such as under extreme heat).
Boron Nitrides cubic BN form is incorporated in cutting-tool bits and grinding equipment.

Hexagonal BN
Hexagonal BN (h-BN) is the most widely used polymorph.
Boron Nitride is a good lubricant at both low and high temperatures (up to 900 °C, even in an oxidizing atmosphere).
h-BN lubricant is particularly useful when the electrical conductivity or chemical reactivity of graphite (alternative lubricant) would be problematic.
In internal combustion engines, where graphite could be oxidized and turn into carbon sludge, h-BN with Boron Nitrides superior thermal stability can be added to engine lubricant, however, with all nano-particles suspension, Brownian-motion settlement is a key problem and settlement can clog engine oil filters, which limits solid lubricants application in a combustion engine to only automotive race settings, where engine re-building is a common practice.

Since carbon has appreciable solubility in certain alloys (such as steels), which may lead to degradation of properties, BN is often superior for high temperature and/or high pressure applications.
Another advantage of h-BN over graphite is that Boron Nitrides lubricity does not require water or gas molecules trapped between the layers.
Therefore, h-BN lubricants can be used even in vacuum, e.g. in space applications.
The lubricating properties of fine-grained h-BN are used in cosmetics, paints, dental cements, and pencil leads.

Hexagonal BN was first used in cosmetics around 1940 in Japan.
However, because of Boron Nitrides high price, h-BN was soon abandoned for this application.
Boron Nitrides use was revitalized in the late 1990s with the optimization h-BN production processes, and currently h-BN is used by nearly all leading producers of cosmetic products for foundations, make-up, eye shadows, blushers, kohl pencils, lipsticks and other skincare products.

Because of Boron Nitrides excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are traditionally used as parts of high-temperature equipment.
h-BN can be included in ceramics, alloys, resins, plastics, rubbers, and other materials, giving them self-lubricating properties.
Such materials are suitable for construction of e.g. bearings and in steelmaking.

Plastics filled with BN have less thermal expansion as well as higher thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity.
Due to Boron Nitrides excellent dielectric and thermal properties, BN is used in electronics e.g. as a substrate for semiconductors, microwave-transparent windows, as a heat conductive yet electrically insulating filler in thermal pastes, and as a structural material for seals.
Many quantum devices use multilayer h-BN as a substrate material.
Boron Nitride can also be used as a dielectric in resistive random access memories.

Hexagonal BN is used in xerographic process and laser printers as a charge leakage barrier layer of the photo drum.
In the automotive industry, h-BN mixed with a binder (boron oxide) is used for sealing oxygen sensors, which provide feedback for adjusting fuel flow.
The binder utilizes the unique temperature stability and insulating properties of h-BN.

Parts can be made by hot pressing from four commercial grades of h-BN.
Grade HBN contains a boron oxide binder; Boron Nitride is usable up to 550–850 °C in oxidizing atmosphere and up to 1600 °C in vacuum, but due to the boron oxide content is sensitive to water.
Grade HBR uses a calcium borate binder and is usable at 1600 °C.
Grades HBC and HBT contain no binder and can be used up to 3000 °C.

Boron nitride nanosheets (h-BN) can be deposited by catalytic decomposition of borazine at a temperature ~1100 °C in a chemical vapor deposition setup, over areas up to about 10 cm2.
Owing to their hexagonal atomic structure, small lattice mismatch with graphene (~2%), and high uniformity they are used as substrates for graphene-based devices.
BN nanosheets are also excellent proton conductors.
Their high proton transport rate, combined with the high electrical resistance, may lead to applications in fuel cells and water electrolysis.

BN has been used since the mid-2000s as a bullet and bore lubricant in precision target rifle applications as an alternative to molybdenum disulfide coating, commonly referred to as "moly".
Boron Nitride is claimed to increase effective barrel life, increase intervals between bore cleaning, and decrease the deviation in point of impact between clean bore first shots and subsequent shots.

Cubic BN of Boron Nitride:
Cubic boron nitride (CBN or c-BN) is widely used as an abrasive.
Boron Nitrides usefulness arises from Boron Nitrides insolubility in iron, nickel, and related alloys at high temperatures, whereas diamond is soluble in these metals.
Polycrystalline c-BN (PCBN) abrasives are therefore used for machining steel, whereas diamond abrasives are preferred for aluminum alloys, ceramics, and stone.
When in contact with oxygen at high temperatures, BN forms a passivation layer of boron oxide.

Boron nitride binds well with metals, due to formation of interlayers of metal borides or nitrides.
Materials with cubic boron nitride crystals are often used in the tool bits of cutting tools.
For grinding applications, softer binders, e.g. resin, porous ceramics, and soft metals, are used.
Ceramic binders can be used as well.
Commercial products are known under names "Borazon" (by Hyperion Materials & Technologies), and "Elbor" or "Cubonite" (by Russian vendors).

Contrary to diamond, large c-BN pellets can be produced in a simple process (called sintering) of annealing c-BN powders in nitrogen flow at temperatures slightly below the BN decomposition temperature.
This ability of c-BN and h-BN powders to fuse allows cheap production of large BN parts.

Similar to diamond, the combination in c-BN of highest thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity is ideal for heat spreaders.
As cubic boron nitride consists of light atoms and is very robust chemically and mechanically, Boron Nitride is one of the popular materials for X-ray membranes: low mass results in small X-ray absorption, and good mechanical properties allow usage of thin membranes, thus further reducing the absorption.

Amorphous BN of Boron Nitride:
Layers of amorphous boron nitride (a-BN) are used in some semiconductor devices, e.g. MOSFETs.
They can be prepared by chemical decomposition of trichloroborazine with caesium, or by thermal chemical vapor deposition methods.
Thermal CVD can be also used for deposition of h-BN layers, or at high temperatures, c-BN.

Other forms of boron nitride

Atomically thin boron nitride
Hexagonal boron nitride can be exfoliated to mono or few atomic layer sheets.
Due to Boron Nitrides analogous structure to that of graphene, atomically thin boron nitride is sometimes called white graphene.

Mechanical properties of Boron Nitride:
Atomically thin boron nitride is one of the strongest electrically insulating materials.
Monolayer boron nitride has an average Young's modulus of 0.865TPa and fracture strength of 70.5GPa, and in contrast to graphene, whose strength decreases dramatically with increased thickness, few-layer boron nitride sheets have a strength similar to that of monolayer boron nitride.

Thermal conductivity of Boron Nitride:
Atomically thin boron nitride has one of the highest thermal conductivity coefficients (751 W/mK at room temperature) among semiconductors and electrical insulators, and Boron Nitrides thermal conductivity increases with reduced thickness due to less intra-layer coupling.

Thermal stability of Boron Nitride:
The air stability of graphene shows a clear thickness dependence: monolayer graphene is reactive to oxygen at 250 °C, strongly doped at 300 °C, and etched at 450 °C; in contrast, bulk graphite is not oxidized until 800 °C.
Atomically thin boron nitride has much better oxidation resistance than graphene.
Monolayer boron nitride is not oxidized till 700 °C and can sustain up to 850 °C in air; bilayer and trilayer boron nitride nanosheets have slightly higher oxidation starting temperatures.
The excellent thermal stability, high impermeability to gas and liquid, and electrical insulation make atomically thin boron nitride potential coating materials for preventing surface oxidation and corrosion of metals and other two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as black phosphorus.

Better surface adsorption of Boron Nitride:
Atomically thin boron nitride has been found to have better surface adsorption capabilities than bulk hexagonal boron nitride.
According to theoretical and experimental studies, atomically thin boron nitride as an adsorbent experiences conformational changes upon surface adsorption of molecules, increasing adsorption energy and efficiency.
The synergic effect of the atomic thickness, high flexibility, stronger surface adsorption capability, electrical insulation, impermeability, high thermal and chemical stability of BN nanosheets can increase the Raman sensitivity by up to two orders, and in the meantime attain long-term stability and extraordinary reusability not achievable by other materials.

Dielectric properties of Boron Nitride:
Atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride is an excellent dielectric substrate for graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and many other 2D material-based electronic and photonic devices.
As shown by electric force microscopy (EFM) studies, the electric field screening in atomically thin boron nitride shows a weak dependence on thickness, which is in line with the smooth decay of electric field inside few-layer boron nitride revealed by the first-principles calculations.

Raman characteristics of Boron Nitride:
Raman spectroscopy has been a useful tool to study a variety of 2D materials, and the Raman signature of high-quality atomically thin boron nitride was first reported by Gorbachev et al. in 2011. and Li et al.
However, the two reported Raman results of monolayer boron nitride did not agree with each other.

Cai et al., therefore, conducted systematic experimental and theoretical studies to reveal the intrinsic Raman spectrum of atomically thin boron nitride.
Boron Nitride reveals that atomically thin boron nitride without interaction with a substrate has a G band frequency similar to that of bulk hexagonal boron nitride, but strain induced by the substrate can cause Raman shifts.
Nevertheless, the Raman intensity of G band of atomically thin boron nitride can be used to estimate layer thickness and sample quality.

Boron nitride nanomesh
Boron nitride nanomesh is a nanostructured two-dimensional material.
Boron Nitride consists of a single BN layer, which forms by self-assembly a highly regular mesh after high-temperature exposure of a clean rhodium or ruthenium surface to borazine under ultra-high vacuum.

The nanomesh looks like an assembly of hexagonal pores.
The distance between two pore centers is 3.2 nm and the pore diameter is ~2 nm.
Other terms for this material are boronitrene or white graphene.

The boron nitride nanomesh is not only stable to decomposition under vacuum, air and some liquids, but also up to temperatures of 800 °C.
In addition, Boron Nitride shows the extraordinary ability to trap molecules and metallic clusters which have similar sizes to the nanomesh pores, forming a well-ordered array.
These characteristics promise interesting applications of the nanomesh in areas like catalysis, surface functionalisation, spintronics, quantum computing and data storage media like hard drives.

Boron nitride nanotubes
Boron nitride tubules were first made in 1989 by Shore and Dolan This work was patented in 1989 and published in 1989 thesis (Dolan) and then 1993 Science.
The 1989 work was also the first preparation of amorphous BN by B-trichloroborazine and cesium metal.

Boron nitride nanotubes were predicted in 1994 and experimentally discovered in 1995.
They can be imagined as a rolled up sheet of h-boron nitride.
Structurally, Boron Nitride is a close analog of the carbon nanotube, namely a long cylinder with diameter of several to hundred nanometers and length of many micrometers, except carbon atoms are alternately substituted by nitrogen and boron atoms.
However, the properties of BN nanotubes are very different: whereas carbon nanotubes can be metallic or semiconducting depending on the rolling direction and radius, a BN nanotube is an electrical insulator with a bandgap of ~5.5 eV, basically independent of tube chirality and morphology.
In addition, a layered BN structure is much more thermally and chemically stable than a graphitic carbon structure.

Boron nitride aerogel
Boron nitride aerogel is an aerogel made of highly porous BN.
Boron Nitride typically consists of a mixture of deformed BN nanotubes and nanosheets.

Boron Nitride can have a density as low as 0.6 mg/cm3 and a specific surface area as high as 1050 m2/g, and therefore has potential applications as an absorbent, catalyst support and gas storage medium.
BN aerogels are highly hydrophobic and can absorb up to 160 times their weight in oil.
They are resistant to oxidation in air at temperatures up to 1200 °C, and hence can be reused after the absorbed oil is burned out by flame.
BN aerogels can be prepared by template-assisted chemical vapor deposition using borazine as the feed gas.

Composites containing BN
Addition of boron nitride to silicon nitride ceramics improves the thermal shock resistance of the resulting material.
For the same purpose, BN is added also to silicon nitride-alumina and titanium nitride-alumina ceramics.
Other materials being reinforced with BN include alumina and zirconia, borosilicate glasses, glass ceramics, enamels, and composite ceramics with titanium boride-boron nitride, titanium boride-aluminium nitride-boron nitride, and silicon carbide-boron nitride composition.

Health issues of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride (along with Si3N4, NbN, and BNC) is reported to show weak fibrogenic activity, and to cause pneumoconiosis when inhaled in particulate form.
The maximum concentration recommended for nitrides of nonmetals is 10 mg/m3 for BN and 4 for AlN or ZrN.

Identifiers of Boron Nitride:
CAS Number: 10043-11-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:50883
ECHA InfoCard: 100.030.111
EC Number: 233-136-6
Gmelin Reference: 216
MeSH: Elbor
RTECS number: ED7800000
UNII: 2U4T60A6YD
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5051498
InChI:
InChI=1S/BN/c1-2
Key: PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/B2N2/c1-3-2-4-1
Key: AMPXHBZZESCUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/B3N3/c1-4-2-6-3-5-1
Key: WHDCVGLBMWOYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/BN/c1-2
Key: PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYAL
SMILES:
Hexagonal (graphite) structure: [BH-]1=[nH+][B-]2=[nH+][BH-]=[n+]3[BH-]=[nH+][B-]4=[nH+][BH-]=[n+]5[BH-]=[nH+][B-]6=[nH+][BH-]=[n+]1[B-]7=[n+]2[B-]3=[n+]4[B-]5=[n+]67
Sphalerite structure: [NH+]12[B-][NH+]3[B-][NH+]([BH-]14)[BH-]1[N+]5([BH-]38)[B-]26[NH+]2[BH-]([N+]4)[NH+]1[B-][NH+]3[BH-]2[N+][BH-]([NH+]6[BH-]([NH+])[NH+]68)[NH+]([B-]6)[BH-]35
Wurtzite structure: [N+]7[BH-]2[N+][BH-]3[NH+]8[BH-]4[N+][BH-]5[N+][B-]78[N+]90[B-][NH+]5[B-][NH+]4[BH-]9[NH+]3[B-][NH+]2[B-]0

Molecular Weight: 24.82
Appearance: solid
Melting Point: 2527 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 1.9 to 2.1 g/cm3
True Density: 2.29 g/cm3
Size Range: N/A
Average Particle Size: 10 - 100 nm
Specific Surface Area: 10 – 75 m2/g
Morphology: Cubic or hexagonal
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Crystal Phase / Structure: N/A
Electrical Resistivity: 13 to 15 10x Ω-m
Poisson's Ratio: 0.11
Specific Heat: 840 to 1610 J/kg-K
Thermal Conductivity: 29 to 96 W/m-K
Thermal Expansion: 0.54 to 18 µm/m-K
Young's Modulus: 14 to 60 GPa

Properties of Boron Nitride:
Molecular Weight: .82
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 25.0123792
Monoisotopic Mass: 25.0123792
Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 2
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 10
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Chemical formula: BN
Molar mass: 24.82 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless crystals
Density: 2.1 g/cm3 (h-BN); 3.45 g/cm3 (c-BN)
Melting point: 2,973 °C (5,383 °F; 3,246 K) sublimates (c-BN)
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Electron mobility: 200 cm2/(V·s) (c-BN)
Refractive index (nD): 1.8 (h-BN); 2.1 (c-BN)

Structure of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride exists in multiple forms that differ in the arrangement of the boron and nitrogen atoms, giving rise to varying bulk properties of the material.

Crystal structure of Boron Nitride:
Hexagonal, sphalerite, wurtzite

Thermochemistry of Boron Nitride:
Heat capacity (C): 19.7 J/(K·mol)
Std molar entropy (So298): 14.8 J/K mol
Std enthalpy offormation (ΔfH⦵298): −254.4 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚): −228.4 kJ/mol

Names of Boron Nitride:

IUPAC name of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride

Synonyms of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride
10043-11-5
Elbor
azanylidyneborane
Boron nitride (BN)
Denka boron nitride GP
Boron Nitride Nanotubes
MFCD00011317
BN
Borazon
Elboron
Kubonit
Boron Nitride dispersion
Wurzin
Boron nitride, low binder
Geksanit R
Hexanite R
Boron mononitride
Hexanit R
Super mighty M
Kubonit KR
Hexagonal boron nitride ink
Elbor R
Denka GP
Elbor RM
Sho BN
UHP-Ex
Sho BN HPS
SP 1 (Nitride)
BN 40SHP
KBN-H10
Elbor LO 10B1-100
BZN 550
EINECS 233-136-6
UNII-2U4T60A6YD
Bornitrid
nitrure de bore
nitruro de boro
Nano Boron Nitride
Boron nitride paste
Boron Nitride Nanopowder
Boron Nitride Micropowder
Boron Nitride NanoBarbs?
Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
EC 233-136-6
Hexagonal Boron Nitride Powder
[BN]
2U4T60A6YD
Boron Nitride Sputtering Target
DTXSID5051498
Nano Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
CHEBI:50883
Boron Nitride Powder, 99% Nano
Boron Nitride Nanotubes Properties
Boron Nitride Nanoparticle Dispersion
AKOS015833702
Boron nitride BN GRADE C (H?gan?s)
Boron nitride, Aerosol Refractory Paint
Boron nitride, powder, ~1 mum, 98%
Boron nitride BN GRADE A 01 (H?gan?s)
Boron nitride BN GRADE B 50 (H?gan?s)
Boron nitride BN GRADE F 15 (H?gan?s)
FT-0623177
Y1456
Boron Nitride Nanotubes (B) Bamboo structure
LUBRIFORM? Boron Nitride BN 10 (H?gan?s)
LUBRIFORM? Boron Nitride BN 15 (H?gan?s)
Boron Nitride (hBN) Aerosol Spray (13Oz/369g)
Boron Nitride Nanotubes (C) Cylindrical structure
Q410193
Boron nitride, Refractory Brushable Paint, BN 10%
Boron nitride, Refractory Brushable Paint, BN 31%
J-000130
Boron nitride, nanoplatelet, lateral dimensions Tantalum Molybdenum (Ta-Mo) Alloy Sputtering Targets
Boron Nitride Rod,Diameter (mm), 12.7,Length (mm), 300
Boron Nitride Rod,Diameter (mm), 6.4,Length (mm), 300
Boron nitride, ERM(R) certified Reference Material, powder
Boron Nitride Bar,Length (mm), 300,Width (mm), 12.7,Height (mm), 12.7
Boron Nitride Bar,Length (mm), 300,Width (mm), 6.4,Height (mm), 6.4
Boron Nitride Rectangular Plate,Length (mm), 125,Width (mm), 125,Thick (mm), 12.7
Boron Nitride Rectangular Plate,Length (mm), 125,Width (mm), 125,Thick (mm), 6.4
Boron nitride sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick
Boron nitride, nanopowder,
Boron nitride
10043-11-5 [RN]
158535-02-5 [RN]
174847-14-4 [RN]
Borane, nitrilo- [ACD/Index Name]
Boron nitride (B12N12)
Boron nitride (B3N3)
Nitriloboran [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Nitriloborane [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Nitriloborane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
165390-92-1 [RN]
233-136-6 [EINECS]
54824-38-3 [RN]
56939-87-8 [RN]
58799-13-6 [RN]
60569-72-4 [RN]
69495-08-5 [RN]
78666-05-4 [RN]
azanylidyneborane
BN 40SHP
BNNT
Borazon
Bornitrid
Boron mononitride
Boron nitride (BN)
Boron nitride BN GRADE A 01 (Höganäs)
Boron nitride BN GRADE B 50 (Höganäs)
Boron nitride BN GRADE C (Höganäs)
Boron nitride BN GRADE F 15 (Höganäs)
Boron Nitride dispersion
Boron Nitride NanoBarbsâ„¢
Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Boron nitride paste
Boron Nitride Powder, 99% Nano
Boron nitrite
boronnitride
Denka boron nitride GP
Denka GP
Elbor
Elbor LO 10B1-100
Elbor R
Elbor RM
Elboron
Geksanit R
Hexagonal boron nitride ink
Hexanit R
Hexanite R
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:50883
KBN-H10
Kubonit
Kubonit KR
MFCD00011317 [MDL number]
Multiwalled boron nitride nanotubes
nitrure de bore
nitruro de boro
Sho BN
Sho BN HPS
SP 1
SP 1 (Nitride)
Super mighty M
UHP-Ex
Wurzin

MeSH of Boron Nitride:
boron nitride
elbor

arlacel 985 brij 72 brij S2 hetoxol STA-2 lipocol S-2 nikkol BS-2 2- octadecoxyethanol (peg-2) peg-2 stearyl ether poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- (2 mol EO average molar ratio) polyethylene glycol (2) stearyl ether polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl alcohol ether polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether tego alkanol S 2 P cas:9005-00-9

Boswellia Serrata Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the resin of the Boswellia serrata tree, known for its potent anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is recognized for its ability to reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and promote skin healing, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain healthy, calm, and rejuvenated skin.

CAS Number: 631-69-6
EC Number: 293-888-1

Synonyms: Boswellia Serrata Extract, Indian Frankincense Extract, Olibanum Extract, Salai Guggul Extract, Boswellia Extract, Frankincense Extract, Boswellia Resin Extract, Boswellia Gum Extract, Boswellic Acid Extract, Boswellia Phytoextract, Boswellia Phytocomplex, Indian Olibanum Extract, Boswellia Active, Boswellia Bioactive Extract, Indian Gum Olibanum Extract, Indian Frankincense Resin Extract, Boswellia Herbal Extract



APPLICATIONS


Boswellia Serrata Extract is extensively used in the formulation of anti-inflammatory creams, providing relief for irritated, inflamed, or sensitive skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is favored in the creation of calming serums, where it helps to reduce redness, soothe the skin, and provide anti-inflammatory benefits.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is utilized in the development of moisturizing creams, offering hydration and anti-inflammatory protection for dry and sensitive skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is widely used in the production of wellness creams, where it helps to soothe inflamed skin and reduce discomfort.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is employed in the formulation of targeted treatments for acne-prone skin, helping to reduce inflammation and prevent breakouts.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is essential in the creation of anti-aging products, offering both soothing and antioxidant benefits that promote skin health and longevity.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is utilized in the production of scalp treatments, providing anti-inflammatory and soothing care for sensitive and irritated scalps.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a key ingredient in the formulation of after-sun products, providing calming and healing benefits to sun-exposed skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the creation of face masks, providing intensive care that reduces inflammation and soothes the skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is applied in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing and soothing care for reactive and irritated skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is employed in the production of body lotions, providing all-over anti-inflammatory protection and skin healing benefits.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the development of calming creams, providing deep relief and care for sensitive and reactive skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of scalp treatments, offering anti-inflammatory benefits that promote scalp health and comfort.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a key component in the creation of prebiotic skincare products, supporting the skin’s microbiome while providing anti-inflammatory and protective benefits.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the production of lip care products, providing hydration and soothing care for dry, chapped lips.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is employed in the formulation of hand creams, offering relief from irritation and promoting skin softness.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is applied in the creation of daily wear creams, offering balanced hydration, protection, and anti-inflammatory benefits for everyday use.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is utilized in the development of skin repair treatments, providing intensive care that helps to restore and protect damaged or inflamed skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is found in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and reduces sensitivity.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the production of soothing gels, providing instant relief from irritation and delivering anti-inflammatory protection.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of multipurpose balms, providing versatile care for sensitive areas such as lips, hands, and face.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is widely used in the formulation of anti-inflammatory skincare products, offering soothing and protective benefits for sensitive skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is employed in the development of nourishing body butters, offering rich hydration and protection for dry, irritated skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is applied in the production of anti-aging serums, offering deep hydration and soothing care that helps to maintain youthful-looking skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is utilized in the creation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and reduces oxidative stress.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is found in the formulation of sensitive skin repair treatments, providing targeted care for areas prone to irritation and discomfort.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the production of sun care products, providing anti-inflammatory protection and hydration that preserves skin health.



DESCRIPTION


Boswellia Serrata Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the resin of the Boswellia serrata tree, known for its potent anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is recognized for its ability to reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and promote skin healing, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.

Boswellia Serrata Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin texture, reducing discomfort, and promoting an even skin tone, ensuring long-lasting relief and balance.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to provide comprehensive care for sensitive and reactive skin, offering both immediate and long-term benefits.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin, leaving it calm, smooth, and rejuvenated.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining calm, balanced skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural anti-inflammatory mechanisms, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to soothe and protect the skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and oils.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting sensitive, inflamed, and reactive skin, as it provides gentle yet effective soothing and anti-inflammatory care.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is known for its compatibility with other skincare actives, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between soothing, protection, and anti-inflammatory care, ensuring comprehensive skin benefits.

Boswellia Serrata Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing anti-inflammatory, soothing, and protective benefits in one ingredient.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with noticeable improvements in skin comfort, tone, and texture.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to soothe and heal the skin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Boswellia Serrata Extract (Indian Frankincense Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow to brown liquid or powder
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for liquid extract)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid or powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for liquid extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Boswellia Serrata Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Boswellia Serrata Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Boswellia Serrata Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Boswellia Serrata Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Boswellia Serrata Extract in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

BRB Silanil 118 is methyltrimethoxysilane by BRB International BV.
BRB Silanil 118 can be applied as it is, diluted or as part of a formulated product e.g. surface coating on natural stones or other construction materials to form a silica-gel like binder (silicon dioxide) for substrate’s strength enhancement.
BRB Silanil 118 is easily hydrolyzed by water and moisture.

CAS: 1185-55-3
MF: C4H12O3Si
MW: 136.22
EINECS: 214-685-0

Synonyms
methyltrimethoxy-silan;Methyl-trithoxysilicane;Silane, methyltrimethoxy-;silanea-163;trimethoxymethyl-silan;Union carbide a-163;unioncarbidea-163;Z 6070;Methyltrimethoxysilane
;Trimethoxy(methyl)silane;1185-55-3;Trimethoxymethylsilane;Silane, trimethoxymethyl-;Union carbide A-163;SILANE, METHYLTRIMETHOXY-;Z 6070;methyl trimethoxysilane;0HI0D71MCI;DTXSID3027370;MFCD00008342;NSC-93883;Silane A-163;Dynasylan MTMS;methyl-trimethoxysilane;EINECS 214-685-0;CM9100;NSC 93883;25498-02-6;UNII-0HI0D71MCI;methyltrimetoxysilane;methyltrimethoxy silane;GLASCA B;trimethoxy-methyl-silane;EC 214-685-0,CH3Si(OCH3)3;SILQUEST A 1630;Trimethoxymethylsilane, 95%;Trimethoxymethylsilane, 98%;Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTM);SCHEMBL35033;(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)METHANE;DTXCID407370;CHEMBL3182654;BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-;NSC93883;WLN: 1O-SI-1&O1&O1;METHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE [INCI];Tox21_200453;MFCD00081866;AKOS008901240;NCGC00248627-01;NCGC00258007-01;LS-13028;CAS-1185-55-3;M0660;NS00044808;E75871;EN300-218612;METHYLSILICON TRIMETHOXIDE (MESI(OME)3);Trimethoxymethylsilane, purum, >=98.0% (GC);Trimethoxymethylsilane, deposition grade, >=98%;A804054;DOW CORNING 7-5300 FILM-IN-PLACE COATING;J-003846;J-525101
;DOW CORNING (R) 7-5310 FILM-IN-PLACE BASE;Q21099559;InChI=1/C4H12O3Si/c1-5-8(4,6-2)7-3/h1-4H3
;2-(1-METHYLHYDRAZINO)-4,5-DIHYDRO-1H-IMIDAZOLEHYDROBROMIDE;25498-03-7

The silanol groups are highly reactive and ready to form siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si) by subsequent condensation reaction.
Trimethoxy (methyl) silane is an organosilicon compound.
BRB Silanil 118 can be used as a crosslinker in the preparation of polysiloxane polymers.
BRB Silanil 118 can also be used as an acid scavenge used in the formation of substituted azulenes from allenylsilanes and tropylium tetrafluoroborate.
BRB Silanil 118 can also be used as the precursor for synthesis of flexible silica aerogels.
BRB Silanil 118 is an organosilicon compound widely used as a precursor for the preparation of silica-based materials, which finds the applications in various fields.
Particularly in molecular assembly, linking nano building blocks, and selective synthesis oligosiloxane compounds.
BRB Silanil 118 can also be utilized as a crosslinker in the synthesis of polysiloxane polymers.
BRB Silanil 118 is an organosilicon compound with the formula CH3Si(OCH3)3.
BRB Silanil 118 is a colorless, free-flowing liquid.
BRB Silanil 118 is a crosslinker in the preparation of polysiloxane polymers.

BRB Silanil 118 Chemical Properties
Melting point: <-70°C
Boiling point: 102-104 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.955 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 2990 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.371(lit.)
Fp: 52 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Form: liquid
Color: colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.955
Water Solubility: decomposes
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 7: reacts slowly with moisture/water
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
BRN: 1736151
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive. Highly flammable.
Incompatible with water, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -2.4-0.7 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 1185-55-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Silane, trimethoxymethyl-(1185-55-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: BRB Silanil 118 (1185-55-3)

Uses
BRB Silanil 118 in combination with iron nitrate altered the pore structure dramatically.
As the Crosslinking agent of RTV silicone rubber and glass fiber surface treatment agent and talk to agents outside of reinforced plastic laminated products in order to improve the mechanical strength, heat resistance, moisture resistance.
BRB Silanil 118 is used as an acid scavenger, for example in the formation of substituted azulenes from allenylsilanes and tropyl-ium tetrafluoroborate.
BRB Silanil 118 is a reagent used in they synthesis of electronic materials and organometallic compounds.
Used in the coating of carbon-fiber surfaces, as well as in the synthesis of nanocomposites.

BRB Silanil 118 is highly miscible with standard organic solvents, such as alcohols, hydrocarbons and acetone.
BRB Silanil 118 is practically insoluble in neutral water and reacts only slowly to form silanols and higher condensation products.
Addition of a hydrolytic catalyst (inorganic/organic acids, ammonia or amines) accelerates the hydrolysis of BRB Silanil 118 substantially.
As a Filler Modifier, BRB Silanil 118 is used mainly to render a wide range of surfaces and materials water repellent (e.g. mineral fillers, pigments, glass, cardboard).
BRB Silanil 118 may be used pure or in solution to treat fillers, using suitable mixing equipment.
BRB Silanil 118 may be necessary to first pre-treat the substrate with water and/or a catalyst.
BRB Silanil 118 is also used in the production of silicone resins and condensation-curing silicone rubber, used as an important component in sol-gel systems.
As one of the most common Alkoxy Crosslinkers, BRB Silanil 118 has high reactivity that precedes by nucleophilic substitution usually in the presence of acid or base catalysts.

Preparation
BRB Silanil 118 is usually prepared from methyltrichlorosilane and methanol:
CH3SiCl3 + 3 CH3OH → CH3Si(OCH3)3 + 3 HCl

DESCRIPTION:
BRB Silanil 258 by BRB International BV is an adhesion promoter based on an epoxy silane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
Possesses both organic and inorganic reactivity that allows it to react with or couple organic polymers and inorganic surfaces.
Designed to enhance bonding of a polymer coating to glass.
BRB Silanil 258 is recommended at a dosage level of 0.5-2.0 pph to promote unprimed adhesion


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BRB SILANIL 258:
Product Type: Adhesion Promoters / Bonding Agents > Organofunctional Silanes
Chemical Composition: 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane
CAS Number: 2530-83-8
Physical Form: Liquid
Appearance: Clear
Product Status: COMMERCIAL
Applications/ Recommended for:
Coatings
Coatings Markets > Other industries > Glass Coatings


HOW BRB SILANIL 258 WORK?:
Silanes are 2 step Reaction Chemical which most of them are monomer.
When store under inert gas (N2), Silanes will be non-reactive monomer in form of FG-Si-OR which -R or Akyl is non-reactive group .
However, Silanes can be hydrolyzed by moisture which -Si–OR will be changed to -Si- OH called “Silanol” group and be ready to react or bond to the substrates or the fillers .
The change of –Si-OR to -Si-OH is called “Hydrolysis” which is the 1st step of silane reaction .

2nd step of the reaction is “Condensation”.
After Hydrolysis , Silane contains “Silanol” group or Si-OH which is very reactive and ready to bond
to substrates or fillers.
This bonding step is called “Condensation” which is function of adhesion promoter to the substrates or coupling/dispersing agent to the fillers.


BENEFITS OF BRB SILANIL 258 IN PAINT AND COATINGS:
Increase Adhesion Performance to Substrate

Increase Crosslinking Density of Resin which affected to:
Increase hardness
Increase mar resistance*
Improve solvent, acid, alkaline resistance
Improve water resistance
Increase abrasion resistance or scrub resistance

Change Resin Properties:
Thermoplastics to near Thermosets

Disperse Pigments/Fillers:
Improve consistency of viscosity and able to have lower viscosity
Benefit to lower loading of pigments in the formulation

Bind Pigments/Fillers:
Act as coupling agent to pigments/fillers to improve scrub ability

BREOX TB 150 Chemical Description: Polyalklylene glycol high viscosity Excellent lubricity in every application: Breox TB 150 TB Outstanding performance, minimal friction, excellent thermal and oxidative stability – there are many reasons why the Breox TB 150 product range is ideally suited as a lubricant. Breox TB 150 belongs to the family of synthetic lubricants which are based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG). These are generally used when operating conditions go above and beyond the performance of other synthetic and mineral-based oils. These polyalkylene glycol-based oils ensure that processes run smoothly at all types of industrial plants. An important factor, among others, is the viscosity the lubricants have. With Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195, BTC offers a range of water-soluble PAGs featuring various viscosity levels. “The Breox TB 150 TB series comprises the water-soluble products made from Breox TB 150 75W. Formulators thus save one step in the process and the products are easier to use,” says Gabriele Möller, Head of Business Management Europe at BTC for the Fuel & Lubricant Solutions division. Sustainable and biostable Using base oils from the Breox TB 150 series allows formulators to produce their own specific end products. Proven applications include the use as a thickening agent in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids: The Breox TB 150 types TB 120/150/195 all display excellent thickening properties, they are very effective when it comes to corrosion protection and they reduce the risk of fire. However, above all, the oil is particularly compatible for use with hoses and seals, which in turn reduces the risk of wear. “Lubricants with Breox TB 150 are very stable and thus do not have to be replaced as often as conventional ones,” says Möller. “This provides the oils with a very high degree of sustainability, especially since they are also biostable.” Use as a polymer in hardening agents Another possible application: Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195 is also suited for use as a polymer in hardening agents, hence for surface treatment, for example in metal processing. This is where Breox TB 150 lubricants can make the best of their water solubility. By increasing or decreasing the concentration, the ideal formulation for any type of application can be created. “Breox TB 150 provides the end product with excellent lubricity in all of these cases, in every concentration and different viscosities,” Möller summarises. Additional information The following products are included in the Breox TB 150 TB series: Breox TB 150 TB 120 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 55000 viscosity of 2,600 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 150 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 2,850 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 195 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 850 mm²/s at 40°C The BREOX B-Series includes a range of mono-initiated propylene oxide homopolymers manufactured to have a viscosity range from 15 to 335 cSt at 40ºC. These products are widely used in the manufacture and formulation of various water insoluble lubricants such as Gear and calender lubricants Compressor lubricants Formulations for metal working Textile lubricants Product information from BASF. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Breox TB 150 high-viscosity PAGs are linear random polymers of EO and PO while the Pluracol® high-viscosity PAGs are branched random polymers of EO and PO. Base stocks with kinematic viscosities at 40°C from 270 to 65,000 cSt are available. The high viscosity and low volatility of these products make them suitable for high-temperature lubrication. Applications include the formulation of water-based fire resistant hydraulic fluids and quenchants. Aqueous solutions of Breox TB 150 and Pluracol® high viscosity PAGs are available for ease of handling under the Breox TB 150 series. Polyalkylene Glycols (PAGs) Polyalkylene glycol base stocks are used in many lubricant applications including gear oils, fire resistant hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, quenchants, metalworking fluids, aluminum processing fluids, chain and textile lubricants. Their high thermal and oxidative stability, excellent lubricity, high film strength / load capacity, anti-wear properties, micropitting resistance, and shear stability make them an ideal choice as base stock for formulating high-performance industrial lubricants. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Chemical Description: Polyalklylene glycol high viscosity Excellent lubricity in every application: Breox TB 150 TB Outstanding performance, minimal friction, excellent thermal and oxidative stability – there are many reasons why the Breox TB 150 product range is ideally suited as a lubricant. Breox TB 150 belongs to the family of synthetic lubricants which are based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG). These are generally used when operating conditions go above and beyond the performance of other synthetic and mineral-based oils. These polyalkylene glycol-based oils ensure that processes run smoothly at all types of industrial plants. An important factor, among others, is the viscosity the lubricants have. With Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195, BTC offers a range of water-soluble PAGs featuring various viscosity levels. “The Breox TB 150 TB series comprises the water-soluble products made from Breox TB 150 75W. Formulators thus save one step in the process and the products are easier to use,” says Gabriele Möller, Head of Business Management Europe at BTC for the Fuel & Lubricant Solutions division. Sustainable and biostable Using base oils from the Breox TB 150 series allows formulators to produce their own specific end products. Proven applications include the use as a thickening agent in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids: The Breox TB 150 types TB 120/150/195 all display excellent thickening properties, they are very effective when it comes to corrosion protection and they reduce the risk of fire. However, above all, the oil is particularly compatible for use with hoses and seals, which in turn reduces the risk of wear. “Lubricants with Breox TB 150 are very stable and thus do not have to be replaced as often as conventional ones,” says Möller. “This provides the oils with a very high degree of sustainability, especially since they are also biostable.” Use as a polymer in hardening agents Another possible application: Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195 is also suited for use as a polymer in hardening agents, hence for surface treatment, for example in metal processing. This is where Breox TB 150 lubricants can make the best of their water solubility. By increasing or decreasing the concentration, the ideal formulation for any type of application can be created. “Breox TB 150 provides the end product with excellent lubricity in all of these cases, in every concentration and different viscosities,” Möller summarises. Additional information The following products are included in the Breox TB 150 TB series: Breox TB 150 TB 120 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 55000 viscosity of 2,600 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 150 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 2,850 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 195 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 850 mm²/s at 40°C The BREOX B-Series includes a range of mono-initiated propylene oxide homopolymers manufactured to have a viscosity range from 15 to 335 cSt at 40ºC. These products are widely used in the manufacture and formulation of various water insoluble lubricants such as Gear and calender lubricants Compressor lubricants Formulations for metal working Textile lubricants Product information from BASF. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Breox TB 150 high-viscosity PAGs are linear random polymers of EO and PO while the Pluracol® high-viscosity PAGs are branched random polymers of EO and PO. Base stocks with kinematic viscosities at 40°C from 270 to 65,000 cSt are available. The high viscosity and low volatility of these products make them suitable for high-temperature lubrication. Applications include the formulation of water-based fire resistant hydraulic fluids and quenchants. Aqueous solutions of Breox TB 150 and Pluracol® high viscosity PAGs are available for ease of handling under the Breox TB 150 series. Polyalkylene Glycols (PAGs) Polyalkylene glycol base stocks are used in many lubricant applications including gear oils, fire resistant hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, quenchants, metalworking fluids, aluminum processing fluids, chain and textile lubricants. Their high thermal and oxidative stability, excellent lubricity, high film strength / load capacity, anti-wear properties, micropitting resistance, and shear stability make them an ideal choice as base stock for formulating high-performance industrial lubricants. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Chemical Description: Polyalklylene glycol high viscosity Excellent lubricity in every application: Breox TB 150 TB Outstanding performance, minimal friction, excellent thermal and oxidative stability – there are many reasons why the Breox TB 150 product range is ideally suited as a lubricant. Breox TB 150 belongs to the family of synthetic lubricants which are based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG). These are generally used when operating conditions go above and beyond the performance of other synthetic and mineral-based oils. These polyalkylene glycol-based oils ensure that processes run smoothly at all types of industrial plants. An important factor, among others, is the viscosity the lubricants have. With Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195, BTC offers a range of water-soluble PAGs featuring various viscosity levels. “The Breox TB 150 TB series comprises the water-soluble products made from Breox TB 150 75W. Formulators thus save one step in the process and the products are easier to use,” says Gabriele Möller, Head of Business Management Europe at BTC for the Fuel & Lubricant Solutions division. Sustainable and biostable Using base oils from the Breox TB 150 series allows formulators to produce their own specific end products. Proven applications include the use as a thickening agent in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids: The Breox TB 150 types TB 120/150/195 all display excellent thickening properties, they are very effective when it comes to corrosion protection and they reduce the risk of fire. However, above all, the oil is particularly compatible for use with hoses and seals, which in turn reduces the risk of wear. “Lubricants with Breox TB 150 are very stable and thus do not have to be replaced as often as conventional ones,” says Möller. “This provides the oils with a very high degree of sustainability, especially since they are also biostable.” Use as a polymer in hardening agents Another possible application: Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195 is also suited for use as a polymer in hardening agents, hence for surface treatment, for example in metal processing. This is where Breox TB 150 lubricants can make the best of their water solubility. By increasing or decreasing the concentration, the ideal formulation for any type of application can be created. “Breox TB 150 provides the end product with excellent lubricity in all of these cases, in every concentration and different viscosities,” Möller summarises. Additional information The following products are included in the Breox TB 150 TB series: Breox TB 150 TB 120 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 55000 viscosity of 2,600 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 150 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 2,850 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 195 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 850 mm²/s at 40°C The BREOX B-Series includes a range of mono-initiated propylene oxide homopolymers manufactured to have a viscosity range from 15 to 335 cSt at 40ºC. These products are widely used in the manufacture and formulation of various water insoluble lubricants such as Gear and calender lubricants Compressor lubricants Formulations for metal working Textile lubricants Product information from BASF. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Breox TB 150 high-viscosity PAGs are linear random polymers of EO and PO while the Pluracol® high-viscosity PAGs are branched random polymers of EO and PO. Base stocks with kinematic viscosities at 40°C from 270 to 65,000 cSt are available. The high viscosity and low volatility of these products make them suitable for high-temperature lubrication. Applications include the formulation of water-based fire resistant hydraulic fluids and quenchants. Aqueous solutions of Breox TB 150 and Pluracol® high viscosity PAGs are available for ease of handling under the Breox TB 150 series. Polyalkylene Glycols (PAGs) Polyalkylene glycol base stocks are used in many lubricant applications including gear oils, fire resistant hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, quenchants, metalworking fluids, aluminum processing fluids, chain and textile lubricants. Their high thermal and oxidative stability, excellent lubricity, high film strength / load capacity, anti-wear properties, micropitting resistance, and shear stability make them an ideal choice as base stock for formulating high-performance industrial lubricants. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Chemical Description: Polyalklylene glycol high viscosity Excellent lubricity in every application: Breox TB 150 TB Outstanding performance, minimal friction, excellent thermal and oxidative stability – there are many reasons why the Breox TB 150 product range is ideally suited as a lubricant. Breox TB 150 belongs to the family of synthetic lubricants which are based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG). These are generally used when operating conditions go above and beyond the performance of other synthetic and mineral-based oils. These polyalkylene glycol-based oils ensure that processes run smoothly at all types of industrial plants. An important factor, among others, is the viscosity the lubricants have. With Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195, BTC offers a range of water-soluble PAGs featuring various viscosity levels. “The Breox TB 150 TB series comprises the water-soluble products made from Breox TB 150 75W. Formulators thus save one step in the process and the products are easier to use,” says Gabriele Möller, Head of Business Management Europe at BTC for the Fuel & Lubricant Solutions division. Sustainable and biostable Using base oils from the Breox TB 150 series allows formulators to produce their own specific end products. Proven applications include the use as a thickening agent in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids: The Breox TB 150 types TB 120/150/195 all display excellent thickening properties, they are very effective when it comes to corrosion protection and they reduce the risk of fire. However, above all, the oil is particularly compatible for use with hoses and seals, which in turn reduces the risk of wear. “Lubricants with Breox TB 150 are very stable and thus do not have to be replaced as often as conventional ones,” says Möller. “This provides the oils with a very high degree of sustainability, especially since they are also biostable.” Use as a polymer in hardening agents Another possible application: Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195 is also suited for use as a polymer in hardening agents, hence for surface treatment, for example in metal processing. This is where Breox TB 150 lubricants can make the best of their water solubility. By increasing or decreasing the concentration, the ideal formulation for any type of application can be created. “Breox TB 150 provides the end product with excellent lubricity in all of these cases, in every concentration and different viscosities,” Möller summarises. Additional information The following products are included in the Breox TB 150 TB series: Breox TB 150 TB 120 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 55000 viscosity of 2,600 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 150 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 2,850 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 195 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 850 mm²/s at 40°C The BREOX B-Series includes a range of mono-initiated propylene oxide homopolymers manufactured to have a viscosity range from 15 to 335 cSt at 40ºC. These products are widely used in the manufacture and formulation of various water insoluble lubricants such as Gear and calender lubricants Compressor lubricants Formulations for metal working Textile lubricants Product information from BASF. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Breox TB 150 high-viscosity PAGs are linear random polymers of EO and PO while the Pluracol® high-viscosity PAGs are branched random polymers of EO and PO. Base stocks with kinematic viscosities at 40°C from 270 to 65,000 cSt are available. The high viscosity and low volatility of these products make them suitable for high-temperature lubrication. Applications include the formulation of water-based fire resistant hydraulic fluids and quenchants. Aqueous solutions of Breox TB 150 and Pluracol® high viscosity PAGs are available for ease of handling under the Breox TB 150 series. Polyalkylene Glycols (PAGs) Polyalkylene glycol base stocks are used in many lubricant applications including gear oils, fire resistant hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, quenchants, metalworking fluids, aluminum processing fluids, chain and textile lubricants. Their high thermal and oxidative stability, excellent lubricity, high film strength / load capacity, anti-wear properties, micropitting resistance, and shear stability make them an ideal choice as base stock for formulating high-performance industrial lubricants. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide.

2- octadecoxyethanol (peg-25) peg-25 stearyl ether poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- (25 mol EO average molar ratio) polyethylene glycol (25) stearyl ether polyoxyethylene (25) stearyl alcohol ether polyoxyethylene (25) stearyl ether CAS # 9005-00-9

Brilliant Blue FCF; Acid Blue 9; FD&C Blue No. 1; Erioglaucine disodium salt CAS NO : 3844-45-9

BROMOCHLOROPHENE, N° CAS : 15435-29-7, Nom INCI : BROMOCHLOROPHENE, Nom chimique : 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 239-446-8 Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,1 %. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables .Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a brominating agent mainly used in organic synthetic reactions as a bromide source.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound that is a high-melting white, crystalline solid resembling sodium chloride.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is widely used as a source of the bromide ion and has numerous applications.

CAS Number: 7647-15-6
Molecular Formula: NaBr
Molecular Weight: 102.89
EINECS Number: 231-599-9

Synonyms: Sodium Bromide: 7647-15-6, Sedoneural, Bromide salt of sodium, Bromnatrium, Sodium bromide (NaBr), Trisodium tribromide, sodium;bromide, NaBr, Natrum bromatum, Caswell No. 750A, HSDB 5039, UNII-LC1V549NOM, EINECS 231-599-9, LC1V549NOM, NSC 77384, NSC-77384, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 013907, Sodiumbromide, DTXSID3034903, CHEBI:63004, MFCD00003475, Sodium bromide [USP:JAN], CHEMBL1644694, DTXCID1014903, NSC 77384; Sanibrom 40, EC 231-599-9, Sodium bromide (USP:JAN), Bromnatrium [German], SODIUM BROMIDE (MART.), SODIUM BROMIDE [MART.], SODIUM BROMIDE (USP-RS), SODIUM BROMIDE [USP-RS], Sodium bromide [JAN], SODIUM BROMIDE (EP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM BROMIDE [EP MONOGRAPH], SODIUM BROMIDE (USP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM BROMIDE [USP MONOGRAPH], Natrium bromide, Sodium Bromide Powder, Sodium bromide (TN), Sodium bromide (JP17), Sodium bromide, ultra dry, Sodium bromide (Na3Br3), WLN: NA E, SODIUM BROMIDE [MI], Sodium bromide, ACS reagent, 12431-56-0, SODIUM BROMIDE [HSDB], NATRUM BROMATUM [HPUS], Density Standard 1251 kg/m3, SODIUM BROMIDE [WHO-DD], Sodium bromide, p.a., 99.0%, NSC77384, Tox21_301343, BR1200, AKOS024438090, Sodium bromide, BioXtra, >=99.0%, Sodium bromide, photo grade, compacted, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 013907, NCGC00255632-01, Sodium bromide, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Sodium bromide, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, CAS-7647-15-6, CS-0013794, NS00075684, S0546, Sodium bromide, 99.9955% (metals basis), Sodium bromide, BioUltra, >=99.5% (AT), Isotopic standard for bromine, NIST SRM 977, Sodium bromide, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, D02055, Q15768, Sodium bromide, >=99.99% trace metals basis, Sodium bromide, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, Sodium bromide, JIS special grade, 99.5-100.3%, Density Standard 1251 kg/m3, H&D Fitzgerald Ltd. Quality, Sodium bromide, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Sodium bromide, anhydrous, beads, -10 mesh, 99.999% trace metals basis, Sodium bromide, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99%, Sodium bromide, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), >=99%

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) crystallizes in the same cubic motif as NaCl, NaF, and NaI.
The anhydrous salt crystallizes above 50.7°C, while dihydrate salts (NaBr2H2O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7°C.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is widely used for the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a source of the bromide nucleophile to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides by the Finkelstein reaction.
Additionally, it is used in photography for preparing light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions and as a bleaching and disinfecting agent for water treatment in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs.

However, it is important to note that sodium bromide possesses anticonvulsant properties, and high blood levels of bromides may cause serious neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
Skin rashes are common, and high blood levels of bromides may cause serious neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
The great danger of toxicity in patients on low salt diets. Sodium bromide is moderately toxic by ingestion.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used as a catalyst for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, for increasing the density of aqueous drilling fluids for oil wells, as an electrolyte component in sodium-halogen batteries, as a brominating agent in organic synthesis, in preparing bromide salts, and as a laboratory reagent.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is important to handle sodium bromide with care due to its potential toxicity and associated hazards.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a colorless cubic crystal or white granular powder, and belongs to isometric system.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is odorless, and has slightly bitter and briny taste but high toxicity.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is easily to absorb moisture and caking but without deliquescence.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is slightly soluble in alcohol and easily soluble in water (at 100 °C, the solubility in 100ml water solubility is 121g), its aqueous solution is neutral with electronic conductivity.

The anhydrous Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) crystal will be precipitated out at 51°C with dihydrate compound forming at temperature lower than 51 °C.
Its bromide ion can be substituted by fluorine, and chlorine. Under acidic conditions, it can be oxidized by oxygen and release free bromine; this process is taken advantage of by industry for producing bromine.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can have reaction with dilute sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen bromide.

However, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a strong acid which can’t be produced through the reaction with dilute sulfuric acid and can only made through high-boiling point acid to make low-boiling point acid.
However, should avoid to use concentrated sulfuric acid which has strong oxidation effect and thus converting bromine (-1) into bromine element and release reddish-brown gas.
This method can be used to identify sodium iodide (Heating sodium iodide and concentrated sulfuric acid together will release red-purple gases), Thereby, we can only take the concentrated phosphoric acid together with sodium bromine for heating to produce hydrogen bromine.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) ions can enhance the inhibitor process of brain cortex, and promote their concentration.
Therefore, medically it can be used as tranquilizers, and hypnotic or anticonvulsant drugs.
When human swallow or inhale the compounds, it will cause harm to central nervous system, brain, and eye while causing irritation response of skin, eyes and also the respiratory tract.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a colorless cubic crystal or white granular powder.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is odorless, and has slightly bitter and briny taste but high toxicity.
It is easily soluble in water (at 100 °C, the solubility in 100ml water solubility is 121g), but slightly soluble in alcohol.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a brominating agent mainly used in organic synthetic reactions as a bromide source.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a chemical compound that exists as a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
The compound is inorganic, soluble in water, and has the molecular formula NaBr.

Because Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is comprised of ionically bonded sodium atoms to bromine atoms, it is often used as a source of bromide ions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) Technical 25kg Sodium bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.
It is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) crystallizes in the same cubic motif as sodium chloride, sodium fluoride and sodium iodide.
The anhydrous salt crystallizes above 50.7 °C.

Dihydrate salts (NaBr·2H2O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7 °C.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine.

This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of sodium bromide with chlorine gas: [2 NaBr + Cl2 → Br2 + 2 NaCl].
Until 1975, sodium bromide was used in medicine as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) Technical is widely used in the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a source of the bromide nucleophile, used to convert alkyl chlorides to be more reactive alkyl bromides, this is done via the Finkelstein reaction.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used to prepare the photosensitive salt, silver bromide, used in photography.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used in conjunction with chlorine as a disinfectant in both hot tubs and swimming pools.

Finally, because of its high solubility in water, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used to prepare dense drilling fluids that are used in oil wells to compensate a possible overpressure arising in the fluid column and to counteract the associated trend to blow out.
The presence of the Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) cation also causes the bentonite added to the drilling fluid to swell, while the high ionic strength induces the bentonite flocculation.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can only be delivered to commercial premises

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine.
This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of NaBr with chlorine gas: 2 NaBr + Cl2 → Br2 + 2 NaCl

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also known as Trisodium tribromide, Bromnatrium, 7647-15-6, NaBr, Bromide salt of sodium, Sedoneural, Sodium bromide (NaBr) and comes with Molecular Formula of BrNa and Molecular Weight of 102.893769.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is prepared through addition of excess bromine to sodium hydroxide solution that assists in formation of a mixture of bromide and bromine.

Post mixture, the reaction products are evaporated to dry state and further treated with carbon for reducing bromate to bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is available in form of white crystals, granules, or powder/white, cubic crystal option and has feebly bitter taste.
Its other properties include Boiling Point of 1390°C, Melting Point of 755°C, Density/Specific Gravity of 3.21, pH of 6.5-8.0 and solubility in alcohol (moderate) and in water (94.6 g/100 g water at 25°C).

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a white granular salt that is very similar to it’s cousin sodium chloride – or regular salt.
And just like Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide)’s cousin, the important bit is the part that comes at the end of name – bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is very similar to chlorine.

They are both halogens that are very good at sanitizing water.
But they do have some key differences between them.
One of the key differences is how they appear in pure form; chlorine is gas and bromine is a much heavier gas, to the point of being almost a liquid.

In water, they both behave very similarly.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) added to water will form Hypobromous acid and Hydrobromic Acid, just like chlorine forms Hypochlorous acid and Hydrochloric acid.
And Hypobromous acid also disassociates based on pH to form hypobromite just like hypochlorous acid does to form hypochlorite.

Similarly, the “hypo” is considered to be the better form at disinfection.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound in its dry form a white crystalline powder with a salty and somewhat bitter taste.
The chemical formula for sodium bromide in NaBr.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a white crystal or white, granular powder having the odour of sulphur dioxide.
It does not occur as a natural solid due to its solubility, it is extracted from ocean water along with chlorides, iodides and halites.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) possesses anticonvulsant properties of any bromide salt and is one of the most common salts of hydrobromic acid.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is represented by the chemical formula NaBr.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) consists of a sodium cation (Na+) and a bromide anion (Br-).
It crystallizes in a cubic crystal lattice structure, similar to other alkali metal halides.

Physical Properties: Sodium bromide is a white, crystalline solid.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) has a high melting point of 755°C (1,391°F) and a boiling point of 1,390°C (2,534°F).
The density of sodium bromide is approximately 3.2 g/cm³.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is soluble in water, with a solubility of about 905 g/L at 20°C.
Preparation: Sodium bromide is typically prepared by treating sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with hydrogen bromide (HBr).
The reaction can be represented by the equation: NaOH + HBr → NaBr + H2O.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can also be obtained as a byproduct in the production of other bromine compounds.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in the preparation of light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions for photographic films and papers.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is added to aqueous drilling fluids used in oil and gas drilling operations to increase the density and stabilize the fluid.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent in water treatment for swimming pools, hot tubs, and spas.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as a source of bromide ions in organic synthesis reactions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is particularly employed in the Finkelstein reaction to convert alkyl chlorides to alkyl bromides.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as a reagent in various laboratory procedures, such as titrations and chemical analysis.
While Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is generally considered safe when used appropriately, it is important to note that high levels of bromides in the blood can cause neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is crucial to handle sodium bromide with care and follow appropriate safety precautions.

Melting point: 755 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1390 °C
Density: 3,203 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 806 °C)
refractive index: 1.6412
Flash point: 1390°C
storage temp.: Store at room temperature.
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
for: Powder
Specific Gravity: 3.21
color: White
PH: 5.74 (430g/l, H2O, 22.5℃)
Water Solubility: 905 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,8594
BRN: 3587179
Dielectric constant: 6.3399999999999999
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids. Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 0 at 25℃

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) Solution is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.nH2O.
It is a high-boiling colorless, odorless liquid that resembles sodium chloride.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) liquid is a single salt used to form clear- brine workover and completion fluids.
These fluids are used where formation pressures require densities from 8.4 to 12.8 lb/gal (1,007 to 1,534 kg/m) or where the formation waters contain high concentrations of bicarbonate and sulfate ions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be mixed with NaCl to obtain densities up to 12.8 lb/gal (1,534 kg/m).

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide)/NaCl systems are more economical than pure NaBr solutions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide), is a white, hygroscopic, crystalline solid with a bitter, saline taste.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is water soluble,with a melting point of 758°C (1400 OF).

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in medicine as a sedative and in photography in the preparation of silver bromide emulsion on photographic plates or films.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) occurs in seawater at an average concentration of 0.008%.
It also is found naturally in some salt deposits.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in photography for preparing light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions.
The salt also is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent for water treatement in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs.
Other uses are as a catalyst for partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, for increasing density of aqueous drillng fluids for oil wells, as an electrolyte component in sodium-halogen batteries, as a brominating agent in organic synthesis, in preparing bromide salts, and as a laboratory reagent.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in medicine as a sedative and hypnotic.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.
It is a bromide salt and an inorganic sodium salt.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in photographic processingand in analytical chemistry.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is compatible with most non-metallic materials of construction such as polypropylene, polyethylene, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), cellulose, cloth, coatings, rubbers, etc.
Metals can also be used provided the Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is kept dry.

If the Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) becomes wet, steel will suffer general corrosion and stainless steels and aluminum will suffer pitting attack.
The rates of attack will depend upon the amount of oxygen present but in general will not be rapid.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is generally immediately available in most volumes.

High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications.
The bromide ion in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding carbon disulfide (CS2) and chlorine.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be prepared by several methods.
Pure salt can be made by neutralizing sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate with hydrobromic acid.
The solution is evaporated for crystallization:NaOH + HBr → NaBr + H2O NaCO3 + HBr → NaBr + CO2 + H2O

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be made by passing bromine through an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or carbonate in the presence of a reducing agent, such as ammonia, hydrazine, activated charcoal, or Fe2+ ion.
A typical method involves adding iron to bromine water to form ferrosoferric bromide, Fe[FeBr5].
This double salt is dissolved in excess water followed by addition of sodium carbonate.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) mixture is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated to crystallize sodium bromide.
The overall reaction may be written as follows: 3Fe + 4Br2 + 4Na2CO3 → 8NaBr + FeCO3 + Fe2(CO3)3
Another method involves adding excess bromine to a solution of sodium hydroxide.

This forms Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) and bromate.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) solution is evapoated to dryness.
The bromate is reduced to bromide by heating with carbon: 3Br2 + 2NaOH + H2O → NaBr + NaBrO3 + 4HBr.

Production method:
Urea reduction: dissolve soda ash (sodium carbonate), urea in hot water, and fed into the reactor; gradually add bromine for reaction and generate Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide).
Then further add active carbon for decolorization; further undergo filtration, evaporation, crystallization, centrifugal separation, and drying to obtain sodium bromide products.
The reaction is as following：3Br2 + 3Na2CO3 + NH2CONH2 → 6NaBr + 4CO2 ↑ + N2 ↑ + 2H2O

Neutralization method: add about 40% hydrobromic acid into the reactor, stir and slowly add 40% caustic solution for neutralization to Ph 7.5~8 for generating sodium bromide; after isolated by centrifugation, evaporation, crystallization and centrifuged again separation, then we can obtain the final product of sodium bromide.
The reaction is: HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O

Uses:
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be used as raw material in the preparation of liquid photographic film; medically as sedative, the brominating agent in printing and dyeing; it can also be used in synthetic fragrances and other chemicals.
Photographic industry applies it for the preparation of liquid photosensitive film.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is medically used for the production of diuretics and sedatives.

Perfume industry uses it for the production of synthetic fragrances.
Printing and dyeing industry use Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) as a brominating agent.
In addition, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be also be used for organic synthesis and so on.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used for the photographic industry, spices, pharmaceutical and printing industries.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used for the reagents for analysis, and can also be used for the synthesis of inorganic and organic compounds and pharmaceutical industry.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is sued for photographic film, medicines, perfumes, dyes and other industries.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be applied to determination of trace cadmium and Manufacturing of bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can also be applied to inorganic and organic synthesis, photogravure and pharmaceuticals.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a high-tonnage chemical and one of the most important of the bromide salts (NaBr2).

High-purity grades are required in the formulation of silver bromide emulsions for photography.
The compound, usually in combination with hypochlorites, is used as a bleach, notably for cellulosics.
The production of sodium bromide simply involves the neutralization of HBr with NaOH or with sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compoiund used as a catalyst in the photoinduced polymerization of acrylates.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is the most useful inorganic bromide in industry.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used as a catalyst in TEMPO-mediated oxidation reactions.

Also known as Sedoneural, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) has been used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Its action is due to the bromide ion, and for this reason potassium bromide is equally effective.
In 1975, bromides were removed from drugs in the U.S. such as Bromo-Seltzer due to toxicity.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is widely used as a source of the bromide ion in chemical synthesis.
It is particularly employed in the Finkelstein reaction to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides.
This reaction utilizes sodium bromide as the source of the bromide nucleophile, resulting in the production of alkyl bromides under suitable conditions.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized in the preparation of light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions for photographic films and papers.
These emulsions play a crucial role in the development of photographic materials.
In the water treatment industry, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) serves as a bleaching and disinfecting agent.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used for water treatment in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs, where its germicidal properties contribute to maintaining water quality.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) finds significant use in the oil and gas drilling industry.
It is a principal consumer in this sector and is employed for various purposes related to drilling operations.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized as an antiseptic and detergent in certain applications.
Its properties make it suitable for use in these capacities.
In laboratory settings, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is employed as a reagent in pharmaceutical preparations and various chemical analyses.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) serves as a valuable source of the bromide ion in chemical synthesis.
It is commonly employed in organic reactions, such as the Finkelstein reaction, to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides.
In the field of photography, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in the preparation of light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions.

These emulsions are essential components in the production of photographic films and papers.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is employed as a bleaching and disinfecting agent in water treatment applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized in maintaining water quality in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs.

Within the oil and gas industry, sodium bromide finds significant use in drilling operations.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is added to aqueous drilling fluids to increase density and stabilize the fluid during drilling processes.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized in certain applications as an antiseptic and detergent due to its properties.

In laboratory settings, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) serves as a reagent in pharmaceutical preparations and various chemical analyses.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is sometimes utilized as a fire retardant in certain applications.
Its ability to inhibit or slow down the spread of fire makes it useful in specific fire safety measures.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in veterinary medicine as an anticonvulsant.
It can be prescribed to control seizures in animals, particularly dogs.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is employed as an electrolyte component in sodium-halogen batteries.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) helps facilitate the flow of ions between the battery's electrodes, contributing to its overall functionality.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized as a brominating agent in organic synthesis reactions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can selectively introduce bromine atoms into organic compounds, enabling the synthesis of various brominated products.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can act as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions.
It can enhance the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.
In the petroleum industry, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used to increase the density of aqueous drilling fluids.

This helps to control pressure and prevent blowouts during oil and gas drilling operations.
Standard Reference Material: Sodium bromide is utilized as a standard reference material in analytical chemistry and quality control.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be employed to calibrate instruments, validate analytical methods, and ensure accuracy in measurements.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as an isotopic standard for bromine in scientific research and analysis.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be utilized as a reference material to compare and determine the isotopic composition of other bromine-containing compounds.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by ingestion.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Incompatible with acids, alkaloidal and heavy-metal salts.

When heated to decomposition Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) emits toxic fumes of Brand NazO.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) has a very low toxicity with an oral LD50 estimated at 3.5 g/kg for rats.
However, this is a single-dose value.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) ion is a cumulative toxin with a relatively long half life.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is considered a mild eye and skin irritant based on animal studies.
Bromine salts, including Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide), can act as central nervous system (CNS) depressants at doses of 1 to 2 grams per day.

High blood levels of bromides may cause serious neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is important to handle sodium bromide with care due to its potential toxicity.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) may have incompatibilities with strong acids and bromine trifluoride.
When sodium bromide decomposes, it can release hazardous substance

2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL; 2-Bronopol; Bronosol; Bronopol; Onyxide 500; Beta-Bromo-Beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol; 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol; Bronidiol; Bronocot; bronopol; Bronopolu; Bronotak; Lexgard bronopol CAS NO:52-51-7

Tribromomethane; Methyl Tribromide; Bromoforme (French); Bromoformio; (Italian); Tribrommethaan (Dutch); Tribrommethan (German);Tribromometan (Italian); Methenyl Tribromide; cas no :75-25-2

Bromoform is a brominated organic solvent, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform.
Bromoform is widely used as a solvent for waxes, oils and greases.
Miscible with Bromoform, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, diethyl ether and oils.

CAS Number: 75-25-2
EC Number: 200-854-6
Molar Mass: 252.75 g/mol
Chemical Formula: CHBr3

Bromoform (CHBr3) is a brominated organic solvent, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform.
Bromoform is one of the four haloforms, the others being fluoroform, chloroform, and iodoform.

Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide.
Currently Bromoform main use is as a laboratory reagent.

Bromoform is widely used as a solvent for waxes, oils and greases.
Bromoform is utilized for mineral ore separation in geological tests.

Bromoform is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis as well as a laboratory reagent.
Bromoform is the ingredient of fire-resistant chemicals and fluid gauges.
Bromoform acts as a sedative and as cough reducing agent.

Bromoform is a brominated organic solvent with the formula CHBr3.
Bromoform has an odor similar to chloroform and Bromoform density is very high (2,89).
Miscible with chloroform, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, diethyl ether and oils.

Bromoform, also known as Tribromomethane or Methyl tribromide, is classified as a member of the Trihalomethanes.
Trihalomethanes are organic compounds in which exactly three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms.
Trace amounts of 1,2-dibromoethane occur naturally in the ocean, where Bromoform is formed probably by algae and kelp.

Bromoform is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound.
Exposure to bromoform may occur from the consumption of chlorinated drinking water.

The acute (short-term) effects from inhalation or ingestion of high levels of bromoform in humans and animals consist of nervous system effects such as the slowing down of brain functions, and injury to the liver and kidney.
Chronic (long-term) animal studies indicate effects on the liver, kidney, and central nervous system (CNS) from oral exposure to bromoform.

Human data are considered inadequate in providing evidence of cancer by exposure to bromoform, while animal data indicate that long-term oral exposure can cause liver and intestinal tumors.
Bromoform has been classified as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.
Most of the bromoform that enters the environment is formed as disinfection byproducts known as the trihalomethanes when chlorine is added to drinking water or swimming pools to kill bacteria.

In the past, Bromoform was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now Bromoform is mainly used as a laboratory reagent.
Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35.

Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock.
Bromoform is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform.

Bromoform (CHBr3) is a brominated organic solvent, pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very highdensity, and sweet odor is similar to that of.
Bromoform is a trihalomethane, and is one of the four haloforms, the others beingfluoroform, and iodoform.

Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating with aluminum bromide.
Currently Bromoform main use is as a laboratory reagent.

Bromoform is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Bromoform is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Bromoform (CHBr3) is a pale yellowish liquid with a sweet odor similar to chloroform, a halomethane or haloform.
Bromoform refractive index is 1.595 (20 °C, D).

Small amounts are formed naturally by plants in the ocean.
Bromoform is somewhat soluble in water and readily evaporates into the air.
Most of the bromoform that enters the environment is formed as byproducts when chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria.

Bromoform is one of the trihalomethanes closely related with fluoroform, chloroform and iodoform.
Bromoform is soluble in about 800 parts water and is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, acetone, and oils.
Bromoform LD50 is 7.2 mmol/kg in mice, or 1.8g/kg.

Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite or by the electrolysis of alcoholic solution of potassium or sodium bromide.

Bromoform is used as a solvent and to make pharmaceuticals.
Often stabilized with 1 to 3% ethanol.

Applications of Bromoform:
Bromoform is widely used as a solvent for waxes, oils and greases.
Bromoform is utilized for mineral ore separation in geological tests.

Bromoform is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis as well as a laboratory reagent.
Bromoform is the ingredient of fire-resistant chemicals and fluid gauges.
Bromoform acts as a sedative and as cough reducing agent.

Uses of Bromoform:
As a fluid for mineral ore separation; as a laboratory reagent; in the electronics industry for quality assurance programs; formerly as a sedative and antitussive

Bromoform is a colorless to yellow liquid with a density about three times that of water.
Bromoform has an odor and sweetish taste similar to chloroform and is not combustible.

Bromoform has been used as a degreasing solvent, in chemical synthesis, and in fire extinguishers, and is no longer used as a sedative for children with whooping cough.
Currently, bromoform is produced only in small amounts for use in laboratories and in geological and electronics testing.

In separating mixtures of minerals.
Bromoform is used as a fluid for mineral ore separation in geological tests, as a laboratory reagent, and in the electronics industry in quality assurance programs.

Bromoform was formerly used as a solvent for waxes, greases, and oils, as an ingredient in fire-resistant chemicals and in fluid gauges.
Bromoform was also used in the early part of this century as a medicine to help children with whooping cough get to sleep.
Currently, bromoform is only produced in small amounts for use in laboratories and in geological and electronics testing.

Bromoform is used as a fluid for mineral ore separation in geological tests, as a laboratory reagent, and in the electronics industry in quality assurance programs.
Bromoform was formerly used as a solvent for waxes, greases, and oils, as an ingredient in fire-resistant chemicals and in fluid gauges.
Bromoform has also been used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, as a sedative, and as a cough suppression agent.

Only small quantities of bromoform are currently produced industrially in the United States.
In the past, Bromoform was used as a solvent, and flame retardant, but now Bromoform is mainly used as a laboratory reagent, for example as an extraction solvent.

Bromoform's high density makes Bromoform useful for separation of minerals by density.
When two samples are mixed with bromoform and then allowed to settle, the top layer will contain minerals lighter than bromoform, and the bottom layer will contain heavier minerals.
Slightly less dense minerals can be separated in the same way by mixing the bromoform with a small amount of a less dense and fully miscible solvent.

Bromoform is used as a fluid for mineral ore separation in geological tests, as a laboratory reagent, and in the electronics industry in quality assurance programs.
Bromoform has also been used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, as a sedative, and as a cough suppression agent.

Only small quantities of bromoform are currently produced industrially in the United States.
In the past, Bromoform was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now Bromoform is mainly used as a laboratory reagent, for example as an extraction solvent.

Bromoform also has medical uses; injections of bromoform are sometimes used instead of epinephrine to treat severe asthma cases.

Bromoform's high density makes Bromoform useful for separation of minerals by density.
When two samples are mixed with bromoform and then allowed to settle, the top layer will contain minerals less dense than bromoform, and the bottom layer will contain denser minerals.
Slightly less dense minerals can be separated in the same way by mixing the bromoform with a small amount of a less dense and miscible solvent.

Bromoform is known as an inhibitor of methanogenesis and is a common component of seaweed.
Following research by CSIRO and Bromoform spin-off FutureFeed, several companies are now growing seaweed, in particular from the genus Asparagopsis, to use as a feed additive for livestock to reduce methane emissions from ruminants.

Bromoform is used as a intermediate for pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds; also used as a solvent for waxes and oils.
Bromoform is used for synth of pharmaceuticals; used in shipbuilding, aircraft, and aerospace industries; used in fire extinguishers.

Bromoform is used as a heavy liquid floatation agent in mineral separation, sedimentary petrographical surveys, and purification of materials such as quartz.
Bromoform is used as an industrial solvent in liquid-solvent extractions, in nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
Bromoform is used as a catalyst, initiator, or sensitizer in polymer reactions, and in vulcanization of rubber.

Use Classification of Bromoform:
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Health Hazards - Carcinogens

Therapeutic Uses of Bromoform:
Bromoform was formerly used as an antiseptic and sedative.

Typical Properties of Bromoform:

Chemical Properties:
Bromoform is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweetish odor is similar to that of chloroform.
Bromoform is slightly soluble in water and is nonflammable.
Bromoform can form in drinking water as a by-product from the reaction of chlorine with dissolved organic matter and bromide ions.

Physical properties:
Clear, colorless to yellow liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
Odor threshold concentration in water is 0.3 mg/kg

Bromoform is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweetish odor.
The chemical formula for bromoform is CBr3H and the molecular weight is 252.75 g/mol.

The vapor pressure for bromoform is 5 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Bromoform has an octanol/water partition coefficient(log Kow) of 2.38.
Bromoform has an odor threshold of 1.3 parts per million (ppm).

Bromoform is slightly soluble in water and is nonflammable.
Bromoform can form in drinking water as a by-product from the reaction of chlorine with dissolved organic matter and bromide ions.

Manufacturing Methods of Bromoform:
Prepared from acetone and sodium hypobromite.

By heating acetone or ethanol with bromine and alkali hyroxide and recovery of distillation (similar to acetone process of chloroform).

Analytic Laboratory Methods of Bromoform:
To support studies exploring the relation between exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and health effects, we have developed an automated analytical method using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

This method quantitates trace levels of THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) and methyl tertiary-butyl ether in tap water.
Detection limits of less than 100 ng/L for all analytes and linear ranges of three orders of magnitude are adequate for measuring the THMs in tap water samples tested from across the United States.

Method: NIOSH 1003, Issue 3
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: bromoform
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 6.0 ug/sample.

Method: ASTM D5790
Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Analyte: bromoform
Matrix: treated drinking water, wastewater, and ground water
Detection Limit: 0.2 ug/L.

Method: EPA-EAD 601
Procedure: gas chromatography with electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric detector
Analyte: bromoform
Matrix: municipal and industrial discharges
Detection Limit: 0.2 ug/L.

Clinical Laboratory Methods of Bromoform:
To support studies exploring the relation between exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and adverse health effects, an automated analytical method was developed using capillary gas chromatography (GC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with selected ion mass detection and isotope-dilution techniques.
This method quantified trace levels of THMs (including chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in human blood.

Analyte responses were adequate for measuring background levels after extraction of these volatile organic compounds with either purge-and-trap extraction or headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME).
The SPME method was chosen because of Bromoform ease of use and higher throughput.

Detection limits for the SPME GC-MS method ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 ng/L, with linear ranges of three orders of magnitude.
This method proved adequate for measuring the THMs and MTBE in most blood samples tested from a diverse U.S. reference population.

Purification Methods of Bromoform:
The storage and stability of bromoform and chloroform are similar.
Ethanol, added as a stabilizer, is removed by washing with H2O or with saturated CaCl2 solution, and the CHBr3, after drying with CaCl2 or K2CO3, is fractionally distilled.

Prior to distillation, CHBr3 has also been washed with conc H2SO4 until the acid layer is no longer coloured, then dilute NaOH or NaHCO3, and H2O.
A further purification step is fractional crystallisation by partial freezing.

Structure of Bromoform:
The molecule adopts tetrahedral molecular geometry with C3v symmetry.

MeSH Pharmacological Classification of Bromoform:

Carcinogens:
Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals.
Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

Teratogens:
An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.

Environment and Toxicology of Bromoform:
Natural production of bromoform by phytoplankton and seaweeds in the ocean is thought to be Bromoform predominant source in the environment.

However, locally significant amounts of bromoform enter the environment formed as disinfection byproducts known as trihalomethanes when chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria.
Bromoform is somewhat soluble in water and readily evaporates into the air.

Bromoform is the main trihalomethane produced in beachfront salt water swimming pools with concentrations as high as 1.2 ppm (parts per million).
Concentrations in freshwater pools are 1000 times lower.
Occupational skin exposure limits are set at 0.5 ppm.

Bromoform may be hazardous to the environment, and special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.
Bromoform volatility and environmental persistence makes bromoform's release, either as liquid or vapor, strongly inadvisable.

Bromoform can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and through the skin.
Bromoform is irritating to the respiratory tract, the eyes, and the skin, and may cause effects on the central nervous system and liver, resulting in impaired functions.

Bromoform is soluble in about 800 parts water and is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, acetone, and oils.
Bromoform LD50 is 7.2 mmol/kg in mice, or 1.8g/kg.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that bromoform is not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.
The EPA classified bromoform as a probable human carcinogen.

Safe Storage of Bromoform:
Separated from strong bases, oxidants, metals and food and feedstuffs.
Keep in the dark.
Ventilation along the floor.

Store only if stabilized.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Reactivity Profile of Bromoform:
Heating Bromoform to decomposition produces highly toxic fumes of carbon oxybromide (carbonyl bromide) and hydrogen bromide.
Reaction with powdered potassium or sodium hydroxide, Li or Na/K alloys, is violently exothermic.
Explosive reaction with crown ethers in the presence of potassium hydroxide.

Safety Profile of Bromoform:
Suspected carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data.
A human poison by ingestion.

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes.
Human mutation data reported.

Bromoform can damage the liver to a serious degree and cause death.
Bromoform has anesthetic properties simdar to those of chloroform, but is not sufficiently volatile for inhalation purposes and is far too toxic for human use.
As a sedative and antitussive Bromoform medicinal application has resulted in numerous poisonings.

Inhalation of small amounts causes irritation, provoking the flow of tears and saliva, and reddening of the face.
Abuse can lead to adhction and serious consequences.
Explosive reaction with crown ethers or potassium hydroxide.

Violent reaction with acetone or bases.
Incompatible with Li or NaK alloys.
When heated to decomposition Bromoform emits hghly toxic fumes of Br-.

First Aid of Bromoform:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER:
Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring.
Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, Bromoform chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure.

Fire Fighting of Bromoform:

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do Bromoform without risk.
Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter Bromoform.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Bromoform:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)

Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Isolation and Evacuation of Bromoform:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Bromoform:

Personal protection:
Complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.

Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Wear respiratory protection.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Disposal Methods of Bromoform:
Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U225, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations.
Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria.

Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur.
Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal.

If Bromoform is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, Bromoform must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.

Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of Bromoform.
Dissolve or mix Bromoform with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.
A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.
If packaged as an aerosol, be careful when releasing in an incinerator or Bromoform will blow past the combustion zone.

Preventive Measures of Bromoform:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Wear respiratory protection.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.
Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling Bromoform.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with Bromoform.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.

Nonfire Spill Response of Bromoform:
Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Stop leak if you can do Bromoform without risk.
Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.

SMALL SPILL:
Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Identifiers of Bromoform:
CAS number: 75-25-2
EC index number: 602-007-00-X
EC number: 200-854-6
Hill Formula: CHBr₃
Molar Mass: 252.75 g/mol
HS Code: 2903 69 19
Quality Level: MQ200

Boiling point: 149.5 °C (1013 mbar)
Density: 2.89 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 30 °C does not flash
Melting Point: 8.0 °C
Vapor pressure: 7.5 hPa (25 °C)
Solubility: 3.2 g/l

CAS Number: 75-25-2
Abbreviations: R-20B3
UN: 2515
Beilstein Reference: 1731048
ChEBI: CHEBI:38682
ChEMBL: ChEMBL345248
ChemSpider: 13838404
DrugBank: DB03054
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.777
EC Number: 200-854-6
Gmelin Reference: 49500
KEGG: C14707
MeSH: bromoform
PubChem CID: 5558
RTECS number: PB5600000
UNII: TUT9J99IMU
UN number: 2515
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1021374
InChI: InChI=1S/CHBr3/c2-1(3)4/h1H
Key: DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: BrC(Br)Br

Properties of Bromoform:
Chemical formula: CHBr3
Molar mass: 252.731 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 2.89 g mL−1
Melting point: −4 to 16 °C; 25 to 61 °F; 269 to 289 K
Boiling point: 147 to 151 °C; 296 to 304 °F; 420 to 424 K
Solubility in water: 3.2 g L−1 (at 30 °C)
log P: 2.435
Vapor pressure: 670 Pa (at 20.0 °C)
Henry's law constant (kH): 17 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa): 13.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -82.60·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.595

Molecular Weight: 252.73
XLogP3-AA: 2.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 251.76079
Monoisotopic Mass: 249.76284
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count : 4
Complexity: 8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Bromoform:
Assay (GC, area %) : ≥ 98.0 %
Identity (IR-spectrum): passes test
Density: 2.81
Melting Point: 8°C to 9°C
Boiling Point: 148°C to 150°C
Flash Point: None
UN Number: UN2515
Beilstein: 1731048
Merck Index: 14,1420
Refractive Index: 1.585
Quantity: 250g
Solubility Information: Slightly soluble in water.
Sensitivity: Light sensitive
Formula Weight: 252.73
Percent Purity: 97%
Chemical Name or Material: Bromoform, Stabilized with ethanol

Thermochemistry of Bromoform:
Heat capacity (C): 130.5 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): 6.1–12.7 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −549.1–−542.5 kJ mol−1

Related compounds of Bromoform:

Related alkanes:
Dibromomethane
Tetrabromomethane
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Tetrabromoethane

Names of Bromoform:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Tribromomethane

Other names:
Bromoform
Methenyl tribromide
Methyl tribromide
Tribromomethane

Synonyms of Bromoform:
Tribromomethane
Methane tribromide
Methyl tribromide
Bromoform
tribromomethane
75-25-2
Methane, tribromo-
Tribrommethan
Methenyl tribromide
Methyl tribromide
Tribrommethaan
Tribromometan
Bromoforme
Bromoformio
CHBr3
RCRA waste number U225
NCI-C55130
UNII-TUT9J99IMU
NSC 8019
TUT9J99IMU
CHEBI:38682
MFCD00000128
Bromoforme
Bromoformio
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethan
Tribromometan
CCRIS 98
Bromoform
MBR
HSDB 2517
EINECS 200-854-6
UN2515
RCRA waste no. U225
BRN 1731048
bromo form
AI3-28587
Tri bromo methane
WLN: EYEE
Bromoform, technical grade
DSSTox_CID_1374
DSSTox_RID_76118
DSSTox_GSID_21374
SCHEMBL18691
4-01-00-00082
BIDD:ER0622
Bromoform, puriss., 97.0%
CHEMBL345248
DTXSID1021374
NSC8019
Bromoform
AMY21869
BCP10566
Bromoform (stabilized with Ethanol)
NSC-8019
ZINC8101061
Tox21_200189
Bromoform 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Bromoform, 96%, stab. with ethanol
AKOS009031540
AT27291
Bromoform 5000 microg/mL in Methanol
DB03054
UN 2515
CAS-75-25-2
Bromoform, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
NCGC00091318-01
NCGC00091318-02
NCGC00257743-01
BP-21414
I606
Tribromomethane (stabilized with Ethanol)
Tribromomethane 100 microg/mL in Methanol
B0806
FT-0623248
FT-0623471
S0653
T0348
Bromoform, amylene stabilized, analytical standard
Q409799
J-519947
Bromoform, contains 1-3% ethanol as stabilizer, 96%
F0001-1896
Bromoform - contains 60-120ppm 2-Methyl-2-butene as stabilizer
BROMOFORM (CONTAINS 60-120PPM 2-METHYL-2-BUTENE AS STABILIZER)
Bromoform, contains 60-120 ppm 2-methyl-2-butene as stabilizer, 99%
220-823-0
2909-52-6
Bromform
Bromoform
Bromoforme
Bromoformi
Bromoformio
Bromofórmio
Bromoformo
CHBr3
Methane, tribromo-
methyl tribromide
MFCD00000128
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethan
tribromometano
tribromometano
tribromomethane
Tribromométhane
[75-25-2]
200-854-6MFCD00000128
4471-18-5
Bromoform - contains 60-120ppm 2-Methyl-2-butene as stabilizer
Bromoform|Tribromomethane
Bromoform-d
Bromoforme
Bromoforme
Bromoformio
Bromoformio
MBR
METHENYL TRIBROMIDE
Tri bromo methane
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethan
Tribrommethan
tribromo methane
Tribromometan
Tribromometan
Tribromomethane, Methane tribromide, Methyl tribromide
TRIBROMOMETHANE|TRIBROMOMETHANE
WLN: EYEE

MeSH of Bromoform:
bromoform
tribromomethane

borax; Borax; Borates, Tetrasodium Salts, Decahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate, Sodium Pyroborate Decahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Disodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Sodium Borate Decahydrate; Fused Borax; Dinatriumtetraborat; Tetraborato de disodio ; Tétraborate de disodium cas no: 1330-43-4

Bronidox L is an almost colorless, transparent liquid preservative for use in surfactant preparations and a wide range of cosmetic rinse-off products.
Bronidox L is an antimicrobial chemical compound.


CAS Number: 30007-47-7
EC Number: 250-001-7
MDL number: MFCD00101855
INCI: Propylene Glycol (and) 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane
Molecular Formula: C4H6BrNO4


Bronidox L acts as a preservative.
Bronidox L is the chemical compound 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane.
Bronidox L is an antimicrobial chemical compound.


Bronidox L causes inhibition of enzyme activity in bacteria.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.
Bronidox L is suitable for use in surfactant preparations and a wide range of cosmetic rinse-off products.


Bronidox L is stable up to 40°C and pH range of 5-8.
Bronidox L shows broad spectrum activity against bacteria and fungi.
Due to its good compatibility with other cosmetic raw materials, Bronidox L can also be combined with other cosmetic preservatives.


Bronidox L is recommended for formulating bath & shower, hair cleansing and hand cleansing products.
Bronidox L is an almost colorless, transparent liquid preservative for use in surfactant preparations and a wide range of cosmetic rinse-off products.
Bronidox L is stable up to 40°C and not subject to changes in preparations with a pH range of 5 to 8.


Bronidox L is a high purity dry substance having ≥99.5% as per standard Gas Chromatography QC analysis (by original manufacturer.
Bronidox L is the only product.
Bronidox L is slowly soluble in water buffers.


Bronidox L can be introduced at any stage of preparing liquid buffer/formulation.
With respect to given slower solubility, we recommend adding Bronidox L in the very beginning, i.e. immediately to water, and then
proceed with other buffer/formulation components.


Allow for mixing during at least 2 hours which is enough for complete dissolving ( ~20 °C ) of BND at the highest recommended
concentration of 0,12% ( stabilized liquid protein concentrates, stable ready-to-use assay component formulations ).
Bronidox L is an almost coulorless, transparent liquid.


Bronidox L is suitable for the preservation of surfactant preparations which are rinsed off after application and do not contain secondary amines.
Bronidox L belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,3-dioxanes.
These are organic compounds containing 1,3-dioxane, an aliphatic six-member ring with two oxygen atoms in ring positions 1 and 3.


Bronidox L is an organobromide that is a nitrobromo derivative of dioxane.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.
Melting point of Bronidox L is 60 ° C.


Bronidox L is a cyclic ether of the group of molecules known as -oxanes.
This name is confused with a very similar notation used for many silicones: polydimthylsiloxane.
Keep Bronidox L container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.


Bronidox L is an organobromide.
Bronidox L is a derivative of nitrobromo dioxane.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.


Bronidox L is a white solid with faint odor
Bronidox L is an organobromide that is a nitrobromo derivative of dioxane.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.


Bronidox L is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.
Bronidox L is a chemical compound showing antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi


Bronidox L is capable of promoting the oxidation of essential protein thiols, causing inhibition of enzyme activity leading to the inhibition of microbial growth
Bronidox L, also known as 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, exhibits antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.


Bronidox L is commonly employed as a stabilizer and preservative in biological molecules and solutions, such as antibodies and antisera. Bronidox L finds application in rinse-off cosmetics, where it serves as a preserving agent.
Bronidox L is a white solid.


Bronidox L, also known as 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, exhibits antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Bronidox L is commonly employed as a stabilizer and preservative in biological molecules and solutions, such as antibodies and antisera. Bronidox L finds application in rinse-off cosmetics, where it serves as a preserving agent.


Bronidox L is a white powder.
The N-nitrosation potential of Bronidox L is similar to its metabolite, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
Bronidox L is a substituted cyclic ether.


Bronidox L is a popular chemical for the water treatment.
Bronidox L is an antimicrobial agent.
Bronidox L works by inhibiting enzyme activity in bacteria.


Bronidox L is an antibacterial agent which is also very effective against yeast and fungi.
Bronidox L is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Bronidox L is soluble in DMSO.


Bronidox L is 10% 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane in propylenglycol.
Although generally considered as rather neutral diol, propylenglycol (1,2-Propandiol)
Bronidox L may however interfere with some IVD applications .


Bronidox L is a high purity dry substance having ≥99.5% as per standard Gas Chromatography QC analysis (by original manufacturer.
Bronidox L is the only product.
Bronidox L is slowly soluble in water buffers.


Bronidox L can be introduced at any stage of preparing liquid buffer/formulation.
With respect to given slower solubility, we recommend adding Bronidox L in the very beginning, i.e. immediately to water, and then
proceed with other buffer/formulation components.


Allow for mixing during at least 2 hours which is enough for complete dissolving ( ~20 °C ) of BND at the highest recommended
concentration of 0,12% ( stabilized liquid protein concentrates, stable ready-to-use assay component formulations ).


Bronidox L is a chemical compound showing antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Bronidox L is capable of promoting the oxidation of essential protein thiols, causing inhibition of enzyme activity leading to the inhibition of microbial growth.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BRONIDOX L:
Product Applications of Bronidox L: Bath & Shower, Hair Cleansing, Hand Cleansing.
Bronidox L is used a wide range of products in various personal care market segments such as Antiperspirant/Deodorants, Body Care, Oral Care, Sun Care, and more.


These high-performing products enable the development of formulations that fulfill consumer’s needs.
Bronidox L has broad spectrum activity against bacteria and fungi.
Due to its good compatibility with other cosmetic raw materials, Bronidox L can also be combined with other cosmetic preservatives.


Fungicide, Bronidox L is effective against yeast and other fungi.
Bronidox L is used in immunology for preserving antibodies and antisera in 0.1 - 0.5% concentration.
Bronidox L is used as preservative to avoid use of sodium azide.


Bronidox L is used Stabilizer.
Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as a preservative for shampoos, foam bath, etc.
Bronidox L is used as Stabilizer, and Surfactant.


Bronidox L is used in immunology for preserving antibodies and antisera in 0.1 - 0.5% concentration.
Bronidox L is used as preservative to avoid use of sodium azide.
Bactericide uses of Bronidox L: Very effective against yeast and fungi.


Bronidox L is used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos, foam bath, etc.
Maximum concentration of Bronidox L is 0.1 %.
Bronidox L is approved anti - microbial biocide/preservative in IVD, Pharma and Cosmetic industries.


Bronidox L is 10% 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane in propylenglycol.
Although generally considered as rather neutral diol, propylenglycol (1,2-Propandiol)
Bronidox L may however interfere with some IVD applications .


Bronidox L is absolutely reliable anti -microbial biocide ideal for preserving liquid IVD formulations including reagents containing high protein, sugar and detergent concentrations that are particularly rich substrates prone to microbial deterioration.
Bronidox L has been used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions, including antibodies and antisera


Bronidox L can be used alone or combined with methylisothiazolinone, which is also considered to be an effective preservative
Bronidox L is used leather auxiliary agents, water treatment chemicals, petroleum auxiliary agents, textile auxiliary agents, coating auxiliary agents, plastic auxiliary agents, others, rubber auxiliary agents, electronics chemicals, paper chemicals, surfactants.


Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as a preservative for shampoos and baths, conditioners, liquid soaps, herbal extracts, clear soaps, and cloudy soaps.
Bronidox L is used as a preservative, surfacant, bactericide and preservative in immunosuppressants and cosmetics.


Bronidox L is used leather auxiliary agents, water treatment chemicals, petroleum additives, textile agent auxiliaries, coating auxiliaries, plastic auxiliaries, others, rubber auxiliary agent, electronics chemicals, paper chemicals, surface stimulants
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer, surfacant, bactericide, and a preservative in immunology and cosmetics.


Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos and foam baths.
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.


Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.
Bronidox L is a powerful bactericidal agent and preservative that can be used in cosmetics.
Bronidox L is a liquid preservative.


Caused by a mixture of 1,2-propylene glycol and Bronidox L is suitable for use with surfactants that are washed off after use.
Bronidox L can withstand temperatures up to 40 ° C and does not change when used to prepare surfactants in the pH range of 5 to 8.
Bronidox L is an effective antimicrobial and preservative.


This is especially true of yeast and mold.
Bronidox L is slightly more soluble in water than alcohol.
But Bronidox L is present in the hair formula in such a low percentage that there is no concern about the build-up on the hair irrespective of the hair care routine. (no shampoo, low shampoo, etc.)


According to the EU, there are regulations for cosmetics that the maximum allowable concentration of the active substance is 0.1% (only in rinses for avoid birth nitrosoamine) is most commonly used with shampoo, shower cream, laundry detergent and fabric softener, etc.
Bronidox L is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses) and in formulation or re-packing.


Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos and foam baths.
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer, surfacant, bactericide, and a preservative in immunology and cosmetics.
Bronidox L is used in the following products: perfumes and fragrances and cosmetics and personal care products.


Other release to the environment of Bronidox L is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Bronidox L is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals.
Bronidox L is used in the following areas: health services.


Other release to the environment of Bronidox L is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance.
Bronidox L is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, perfumes and fragrances and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Bronidox L can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.


Bronidox L has been used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions, including antibodies and antisera
Bronidox L can be used alone or combined with methylisothiazolinone, which is also considered to be an effective preservative
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.


Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone to enhance its effectiveness.


Bronidox L is a bromine containing preservative commonly used in cosmetic products.
Bronidox L, an antimicrobial compound, is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, including yeast.
Bronidox L inhibits enzyme activity and subsequent inhibition of microbial growth by the oxidation of essential protein thiol.


Bronidox L is An antibacterial agent.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone to enhance its effectiveness.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Bronidox L is used as a preservative


Ingredients that prevent or retard bacterial growth, and thus protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Bronidox L is used in bath, hair and personal cleanliness products.
Bronidox L functions as a preservative


Ingredients that prevent or retard bacterial growth, and thus protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Bronidox L prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetic and personal care products from spoilage.
Bronidox L is used shower gels, conditioners, shampoos, body scrubs, hair masks.


Bronidox L is absolutely reliable anti -microbial biocide ideal for preserving liquid IVD formulations including reagents containing high protein, sugar and detergent concentrations that are particularly rich substrates prone to microbial deterioration.
In recommended effective concentrations Bronidox L is unrestrictedly compatible with all processes, buffers and reaction steps in ELISA, Blotting and related tests.


Bronidox L goes not interfere in coating/adsorption, analyte capturing (from different specimens including serum/plasma, urine, saliva, diluted excrements, etc.), detection and substrate development(TMB, ECL).
Bronidox L shows antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.


Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.


Bronidox L has been used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions, including antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L can be used alone or combined with methylisothiazolinone, which is also considered to be an effective preservative.
Bronidox L is approved anti-microbial biocide/preservative in
IVD, Pharma and Cosmetic industries.



FUNCTION OF BRONIDOX L:
*An antibacterial agent which is also very effective against yeast and fungi.
*Preservative.



CHEMICAL FUNCTION OF BRONIDOX L:
*Preservative



COMPOUND TYPE OF BRONIDOX L:
*Bromide Compound
*Inorganic Compound
*Lachrymator
*Organic Compound
*Organobromide
*Pesticide
*Synthetic Compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BRONIDOX L:
*C-nitro compounds
*Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds
*Oxacyclic compounds
*Organic oxoazanium compounds
*Acetals
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Organonitrogen compounds
*Organobromides
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Alkyl bromides



SUBSTITUENTS OF BRONIDOX L:
*Meta-dioxane
*C-nitro compound
*Organic nitro compound
*Acetal
*Organic oxoazanium
*Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
*Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
*Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
*Oxacycle
*Organooxygen compound
*Organonitrogen compound
*Organobromide
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Organohalogen compound
*Alkyl bromide
*Alkyl halide
*Organopnictogen compound
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic oxide
*Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound



SOLUBILITY AND MISCIBILITY OF BRONIDOX L:
Ethylether: very soluble
Ethylalcohol: very soluble
Parrafin Oil: practically insoluble
Water: sparingly soluble (o.5% a.i.)



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF BRONIDOX L:
*Bronidox L is a cyclic aliphatic ether
*An organic compound that contains an oxygen atom bound to two hydrocarbon groups.
*An ether compound is often represented by R-O-R’.
*Bronidox L is also used as a preservative
*Ingredients that prevent or retard bacterial growth, and thus protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
*in water systems, paints, cutting oils and in leather processing.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BRONIDOX L:
Chemical formula: C4H6BrNO4
Molar mass: 211.999 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Melting point: 60 °C (140 °F; 333 K), 58.5−62 °C
Solubility in water: insoluble
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 59 °C at 1.013,25 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 185,2 °C at 200 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 4,77 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,6 at 23 °C
Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,34 hPa at 50 °C
Density: 1,96 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 1,96 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information:
Surface tension: 71 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
Melting Point: 58°C to 61°C
Color: White
Solubility Information: Soluble in water at 12.5mg/ml
Formula Weight: 212
Percent Purity: 98%
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
Chemical Formula: C4H6BrNO4
Average Molecular Mass: 211.999 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 210.948 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 30007-47-7
IUPAC Name: 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane

Traditional Name: 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
SMILES: [O-][N+](=O)C1(Br)COCOC1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C4H6BrNO4/c5-4(6(7)8)1-9-3-10-2-4/h1-3H2
InChI Key: InChIKey=XVBRCOKDZVQYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Formula: C₄H₆BrNO₄
MW: 212.00 g/mol
Melting Pt: 58…61 °C
Storage Temperature: Refrigerator
MDL Number: MFCD00101855
CAS Number: 30007-47-7
EINECS: 250-001-7
Molecular Weight: 212.00 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 210.94802 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 210.94802 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 64.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 139
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: 58-60 °C
Boiling point: 280.8±40.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.070
vapor pressure: 1.6Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: DMF: 30 mg/ml; DMSO: 30 mg/ml;
DMSO:PBS(pH 7.2) (1:4): 0.2 mg/ml;
Ethanol: 25 mg/ml
form: neat
color: White to Almost white
Water Solubility: Soluble in water at 12.5mg/ml
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6BrNO4/c5-4(6(7)8)1-9-3-10-2-4/h1-3H2
InChIKey: XVBRCOKDZVQYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: O1CC(Br)([N+]([O-])=O)COC1
LogP: 1.6 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 30007-47-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: U184I9QBNM
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,3-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro-(30007-47-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,3-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro- (30007-47-7)
Name: 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
EINECS: 250-001-7
CAS No.: 30007-47-7
Density: 1.83 g/cm3
PSA: 64.28000
LogP: 0.88180
Solubility: Soluble in water at 12.5mg/ml
Melting Point: 60 °C

Formula: C4H6BrNO4
Boiling Point: 280.8 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight: 212
Flash Point: 123.6 °C
Transport Information: N/A
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Safety: 36
Risk Codes: 22-38
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 280.76 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.004000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 254.00 °F. TCC ( 123.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.749 (est)
Soluble in: water, 9423 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of BRONIDOX L:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water.
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BRONIDOX L:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BRONIDOX L:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BRONIDOX L:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BRONIDOX L:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B:
Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BRONIDOX L:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Propylene Glycol
5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane
Propylene Glycol
5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane
5-Brom-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-Dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-Dioxane
1,3-Dioxane, 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-
BRONIDOX L5
BRONIDOX L
BND
BRONIDOX
BRONIDOX L
5-BROMO-5-NITRO-1,3-DIOXANE
3-Dioxane,5-bromo-5-nitro-1
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
5-bromo-5-nitro-3-dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxan
Bromonitrodioxane
Bronidox L
Bronidox, 1,3-Dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro-
m-Dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro- (8CI)
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
Bronidox
Bronidox L
Microcide I
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
m-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro-
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
Bronidox
Bronidox L
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
30007-47-7
Bronidox
1,3-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro-
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
m-DIOXANE, 5-BROMO-5-NITRO-
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
MFCD00101855
U184I9QBNM
DTXSID1044560
EINECS 250-001-7
UNII-U184I9QBNM
BRN 4668673
Bronidox L
MICROCIDE I
SCHEMBL97282
CHEMBL3185787
DTXCID9024560
SCHEMBL17347337
XVBRCOKDZVQYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Tox21_301588
AKOS015834980
AKOS040744440
CS-W015032
HY-W014316
NCGC00255969-01
AS-15941
PD053603
SY014363
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, >=99%
CAS-30007-47-7
B3156
B3769
FT-0620143
5-BROMO-5-NITRO-1,3-DIOXANE [INCI]
D88989
EN300-7381687
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, analytical standard
Q-200534
Q4973879
BND
BRONIDOX
BRONIDOX L
MicrocideItm
5-bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxan
5-bromo-5-nitro-3-dioxane
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
5-BROMO-5-NITRO-1,3-DIOXANE
3-Dioxane,5-bromo-5-nitro-1
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxolane
5-BroMo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
m-DIOXANE,5-BROMO-5-NITRO
1,3-Dioxane,5-bromo-5-nitro
Bronidox L
Unidox L

Bronopol is a white crystals, ignite easily and burn readily.
Bronopol works by releasing bromine ions when it comes into contact with water, and these ions have antimicrobial properties that help to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Bronopol, also known by its chemical name 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is a synthetic organic compound used primarily as a preservative and antimicrobial agent.

CAS Number: 52-51-7
Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight: 199.99
EINECS Number: 200-143-0

Bronopol is known for its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, making Bronopol useful in preventing microbial contamination in various products.
Bronopol, a formaldehyde releaser, was reported as an allergen in dairy workers.
In a recent case report, bronopol was contained in a lubricant jelly used for ultrasound examination and caused contact dermatitis in a veterinary surgeon.

Bronopol is synthesized by the reaction of nitromethane with paraformaldehyde in an alkaline environment, followed by bromination.
Bronopol may detonate under strong shock.

After crystallization, bronopol powder may be milled to produce a powder of the required fineness.
Bronopol is commonly found in a variety of personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.

Bronopol has been used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, and pharmaceuticals to extend the shelf life of these products and prevent spoilage or degradation due to microbial contamination.

Bronopol (INN; chemical name 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
Bronopol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of bronopol was in 1897.

Bromopol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to its low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
Bronopol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.

Bronopol, 2-bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, is an aliphatic halogenonitro compound with potent antibacterial activity but limited activity against fungi(Guthrie, 1999).
Bronopols activity is reduced somewhat by 10% serum and to a greater extent by sulphydryl compounds, but is unaffected by 1% polysorbate or 0.1% lecithin.
Bronopol has a half-life of about 96 daysat pH 8 and 25oC (Toler, 1985).

Bronopol is most stable under acid conditons;the initial decomposition appears to involve the liberation of formaldehyde and the formulation of bromonitroethanol.
A secondorder reaction involving bronopol and formaldehyde occurs simultaneously to produce 2-hydro-xymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, which itself decomposes with the loss of formaldehyde.
Bronopol has been employed extensively as a preservative for pharmaceuticalandcosmetic products.

However, its use to preserve products containing secondary amines should be avoided as the by-product of this reaction is nitrosoamine which is carcinogenic.
Details of the microbiological activity,chemical stability,toxicology and uses of bronopol are documented by Bryce et al.
Dcnyer and Wallhausser (1990) have provided useful information about bronopol, the typical in-use concentration of which is 0.01-0.1% w/v.

Bronopol act as appropriate neutralizers inpreservative efficacy tests.
Bronopol is an antimicrobial agent commonly used as a preservative in many types of cosmetics, personal care products, and topical medications.
Bronopol is used as an anti-infective, an antimicrobial, fungicide, germicide, bactericide, slimicide, and a wood preservative.

Bronopol is reportedly very effective against grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against fungi and yeasts.
Bronopol may release formaldehyde and cross-reacts with other formaldehyde-releasing substances.
Bronopol BP is a white and almost white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.

Bronopol is used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.
Bronopol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.

Bronopol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Production today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.

As a pure material, bronopol has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, bronopol undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140 °C, bronopol decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.

Bronopol is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
Bronopol is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.

Bronopol was rapidly absorbed in animal studies.
Bronopol may be absorbed via aerosol inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion 6.
In rats, approximately 40% of the topically applied dose of bronopol was absorbed through the skin within 24 hr 6.

Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg in rats, the peak plasma concentrations of bronopol were reached up to 2 hours post-dosing
Bronopol undergoes degradation in aqueous medium to form bromonitroethanol from a retroaldol reaction with the liberation of an equimolar amount of formaldehyde 4.
Formaldehyde is a degradation product of bronopol, which may cause sensitization 6.
Bromonitroethanol further decomposes to formaldehyde and bromonitromethane.

Bromonitroethanol may also break down to release a nitrite ion and 2-bromoethanol.
Metabolism studies indicate that bronopol is primarily excreted in the urine 9.
In rats, about 19% of dermally-applied bronopol was excreted in the urine, feces and expired air 6.

Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg radiolabelled bronopol in rats, approximately 81% and 6% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the urine and expired air, respectively, within a period of 24 hours 5.
Following intravenous administration in rat, the recoveries in the urine and expired air were 74% and 9% of the dose, respectively

The half-life of bronopol in the biological systems is not reported in the literature.
The half-life value reported for bronopol reflects the environment fate of the compound.
When released into the air as vapours, bronopol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals where the half life for this reaction is approximately 11 days 6.

The photolysis half-life is 24 hours in water but may be up to 2 days under natural sunlight
Bronopol, or 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.

Bronopol is used as a microbicide or microbiostat in various commercial and industrial applications, including oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning or humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer products.
Compared to other aliphatic halogen-nitro compounds, bronopol is more stable to hydrolysis in aqueous media under normal conditions.
The inhibitory activity against various bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was demonstrated in vitro.

The agent is largely available commercially as an antibacterial for a variety of industrial purposes while it is predominantly available for purchase as a pet animal litter antibacterial at the domestic consumer level.
Nevertheless, ongoing contemporary re-evaluations of bronopol use in large markets such as Canada now place various compositional and product restrictions on the use of the agent in cosmetic products and in other products where it may not primarily be used in the role of a non-medicinal preservative antimicrobial.

Bromonitroethanol itself is significantly less stable than bronopol, and in the range of conditions studied, its maximum concentration did not exceed 0.5% of the initial concentrations of bronopol.
At the same time, a second-order reaction occurs with the participation of bronopol and formaldehyde to obtain 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol.
The antimicrobial activity of bronopol is mainly due to the presence of electron-deficient bromine atoms in the molecules, which exhibit oxidizing properties, and not the ability to release formaldehyde.

The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of bronopol consists of cross-linking of sulfhydride groups of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur on the surface of microbial cells.
Disulfide bridges block the metabolism of microorganisms.
Bronopol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic, pharmaceutical, toiletry and household preparations at concentrations of up to 0.1% (wt/vol) particularly because of its high activity against Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonad.

Bronopol hydrolyzes within 3 h at 60 °C and pH 8, producing formaldehyde, nitrosamines, and other molecules.
Although the parent compound (bronopol) is rather short-lived in the environment, its degradation products are toxic and more persistent.
The protection against the bactericidal activity of bronopol afforded by catalase or superoxide dismutase suggests that the activity stems from the aerobic interaction and the generation of active oxygen species from oxygen diffusing into the suspensions during bronopol treatment.

The acute oral LD50 was 307 mg/kg for rat males and 342 mg/kg for females.
Bronopol is moderately toxic by the oral route. Results from an acute dermal toxicity study while inadequate, suggest bronopol is highly toxic by the dermal route.
Bronopol is an antimicrobial agent commonly used as a preservative in many types of cosmetics, personal care products and topical medications.

Bronopol is used as an anti-infective, antimicrobial, fungicide, germicide, bactericide, slimicide and wood preservative.
Bronopol is a formaldehyde-releasing preservative (FRP), which is used in place of formaldehyde for people who are sensitive to it.

Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 358.0±42.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 2.0002 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
Flash point: 167°C
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
pka: 12.02±0.10(Predicted)
form Crystals or Crystalline Powder
color: White to yellow
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Merck: 14,1447
BRN: 1705868
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture.
LogP: 1.150 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 52-51-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL
FDA 21 CFR: 176.300

Bronopol) is an organic compound that belongs to the family of nitro compounds.
Bronopol is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly bitter taste.
Bronopol is widely used as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products, such as shampoos, hair conditioners, body washes, and skin creams, to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Bronopol works by releasing formaldehyde, which is toxic to microorganisms, in small amounts over time.
Bronopol has also been used as a biocide in industrial applications, such as cooling water systems, oil drilling fluids, and paper processing, to prevent microbial growth and contamination.
Bronopol has been approved for use as a preservative in cosmetic and personal care products by regulatory agencies such as the US FDA, but its use has been restricted in some countries due to concerns over its potential to release formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen.

Bronopol cause significant reductions in the activity of bronopol, and cysteine hydrochloride may be used as the deactivating agent in preservative efficacy tests; lecithin/polysorbate combinations are unsuitable for this purpose.
Bronopol is incompatible with sodium thiosulfate, with sodium metabisulfite, and with amine oxide or protein hydrolysate surfactants.
Owing to an incompatibility with aluminum, the use of aluminum in the packaging of products that contain bronopol should be avoided.

Bronopol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.
Under extreme alkaline conditions, bronopol decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.

Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with bronopol.
Other decomposition products detected after bronopol breakdown are bromide ion, nitrite ion, bromonitroethanol and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
At concentrations of 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, bronopol mediated an inhibitory activity against various strains of Gram negative and positive bacteria in vitro 3.

The bactericidal activity is reported to be greater against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive cocci 3.
Bronopol was also demonstrated to be effective against various fungal species, but the inhibitory action is reported to be minimal compared to that of against bacterial species 3.
The inhibitory activity of bronopol decreases with increasing pH of the media 3,9.

Bronopol also elicits an anti-protozoal activity, as demonstrated with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro and in vivo 2.
Bronopol is proposed that bronopol affects the survival of all free-living stages of I.
Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is a bactericide with limited effectiveness against fungal organisms.

Bronopol is active against Pseudomonas species and should be used at a pH of 5 to 8.8, below the application temperature of 45 ° C.
Bronopol has a complex mechanism of action that attacks thiol groups in cells, suppressing respiration and cellular metabolism.
Research indicates that bronopol is a corrosive eye irritant and moderate to severe skin irritant in rabbits.

The fate of the environment and the ecological consequences of the use of Bronopol are moderately highly toxic for estuarine / marine invertebrates; slightly toxic to marine fish; slightly toxic to birds with acute oral ingestion.
However, no quantitative risk assessment has been carried out.
The risk to the aquatic environment is being addressed under the NPDES permitting program by the Water Resources Authority.

Bronopol is now required that labels on all products containing Bronopol meet NPDES requirements.
Bronopol is proposed that bronopol generates biocide-induced bacteriostasis followed by a growth at an inhibited rate in bacteria, via two distinct reactions between bronopol and essential thiols within the bacterial cell 1.
Under aerobic conditions, bronopol catalyzes the oxidation of thiol groups, such as cysteine, to disulfides.

This reaction is accompanied by rapid consumption of oxygen, where oxygen acts as the final oxidant.
During the conversion of cysteine to cystine, radical anion intermediates such as superoxide and peroxide are formed from bronopol to exert a direct bactericidal activity.
The oxidation of excess thiols alters the redox state to create anoxic conditions, leading to a second reaction involving the oxidation of intracellular thiols such as glutathione to its disulfide.

The resulting effects are inhibition of enzyme function, and reduced growth rate following the bacteriostatic period 1.
Under the anoxic conditions, the reaction between thiol and bronopol decelerates without the involvement of oxygen and the consumption of bronopol predominates.
Bronopol is ultimately removed from the reaction via consumption and resumption of bacterial growth occurs 1.

Bronopol is a fairly popular broad-spectrum preservative, which allows it to be used in some formulations as the only preservative.
Bronopol is effective at low concentrations; as a rule, dosages used in cosmetics are below the maximum allowable limit of 0.1%, established by law.
The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of bronopol is quite complex, and, as a rule, it is not associated with the release of formaldehyde.

That is why it is considered that it is a mistake to classify this preservative as a typical formaldehyde donor.
Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that formaldehyde is nevertheless formed during the decomposition of bronopol, and the presence of cross-sensitivity to bronopol with an
established allergy to formaldehyde takes place.
However, the release of formaldehyde does not occur at the same rate and in the same amount under different conditions.

The main factors affecting the destruction of bronopol are pH, sunlight and temperature.
Bronopol was found that with the addition of citric acid, which lowers the pH, the decomposition of bronopol in aqueous solutions slows down, which is quite natural, and an increase in temperature and exposure to sunlight increases the rate of decomposition.
These facts are taken into account when formulating recipes.

There are few quantitative data on the destruction of bronopol - much less than for typical formaldehyde donors, but they are still there; the highest concentration of formaldehyde in alkaline compounds, which is quite natural, but they are not so high as to cause concern or put a warning about the presence of formaldehyde in the marking.
The pH range from 5 to 6 can be considered quite favorable for the preservative's behavior and for the skin.

Uses
Bronopol has been used as reference standard in ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP-MS) method for determination of bromine containing preservatives from cosmetic products.
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.

Bronopol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
Bronopol a formulating technical material is also registered.

Bronopol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of bronopol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.

While bronopol is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines.
Manufacturers of personal care products are therefore instructed by regulatory authorities to avoid the formation of nitrosamines which might mean removing amines or amides from the formulation, removing bronopol from a formulation, or using nitrosamine inhibitors.

Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
Bronopol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic and household products due to its high activity against gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonads.
These organisms are common water dwellers and can cause pollution and deterioration problems.

Bronopol is an effective antibacterial preservative in a wide pH range.
Bronopol is stable at acidic pH values and is also useful as a labile antibacterial preservative in an alkaline environment.
Due to its broad spectrum antibacterial activity, Bronopol can also be used as an active agent, for example in aerosol preparations.

Bronopol is often used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, lotions, and other personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
Bronopol helps extend the shelf life of these products and maintains their quality.

Bronopol is used in some pharmaceutical formulations to preserve the integrity of drugs and prevent contamination by microorganisms.
This is especially important for products like eye drops, ointments, and creams.
Bronopol is used in water treatment systems to control the growth of bacteria and algae in cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water systems.

In the oil and gas industry, bronopol can be used to inhibit the growth of bacteria in drilling fluids, pipelines, and storage tanks, where bacterial growth can cause corrosion and other problems.
Bronopol is used in some paint and coating formulations to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
Bronopol is sometimes added to paper and pulp processing to prevent microbial growth in papermaking processes.

Bronopol can be used to protect wood products from fungal and bacterial decay.
In agriculture, bronopol has been used as a preservative for certain agricultural products, such as fertilizers and pesticides.
Bronopol can be added to adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial growth, ensuring the longevity and quality of these products.

Bronopol is used in cooling and lubricating fluids, such as metalworking fluids and cutting oils, to control bacterial and fungal growth, which can cause degradation and odor.
In the leather industry, bronopol can be used to inhibit microbial growth during the tanning and processing of hides and skins.
While not a common use, bronopol has been employed in some food processing applications to control microbial contamination.

Bronopols use in the food industry is less prevalent compared to other food preservatives due to safety concerns.
Bronopol may be used in certain medical and healthcare products to prevent microbial contamination.
This includes items like contact lens solutions and some medical devices.

Some household cleaning products, including disinfectants and sanitizers, may contain bronopol as an active ingredient to kill or inhibit the growth of germs and bacteria.
Bronopol is used in cooling water systems, such as those in industrial facilities and power plants, to prevent microbial fouling and corrosion, which can damage equipment and reduce efficiency.
Bronopol can be added to laboratory reagents and solutions to inhibit microbial contamination and ensure the accuracy and reliability of experiments and tests.

Bronopol is used in various oilfield chemicals, including drilling fluids, to control bacteria and fungi that can thrive in the harsh conditions of oil and gas wells.
Bronopol may be applied in wood processing to protect logs and timber from decay and microbial infestation during storage and transportation.
Some printing inks incorporate bronopol to prevent the growth of microorganisms, ensuring the quality of printed materials.

Water-based paints and coatings can be susceptible to microbial contamination.
Bronopol is used in these products to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality.

Bronopol is used in some household and industrial mold and mildew control products, such as sprays and coatings, to prevent the growth of mold and mildew on surfaces.
In addition to its use in drilling fluids, bronopol can be employed in oil and gas production facilities to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and maintain the integrity of pipelines and equipment.

Health Hazard:
Bronopol, fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.

Bronopol contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard:
Flammable/combustible material.
Bronopol may be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.

Bronopol may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point.
May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

Safety Profile:
Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by skin contact.
An eye and human skin irritant.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, and Br-.

Bronopol is used widely in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics as an antimicrobial preservative.
Although bronopol has been reported to cause both irritant and hypersensitivity adverse reactions following topical use, it is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonsensitizing material at concentrations up to 0.1% w/v.

At a concentration of 0.02% w/v, bronopol is frequently used as a preservative in ‘hypoallergenic’ formulations.
Animal toxicity studies have shown no evidence of phototoxicity or tumor occurrence when bronopol is applied to rodents topically or administered orally; and there is no in vitro or in vivo evidence of mutagenicity; this is despite the demonstrated potential of bronopol to liberate nitrite on decomposition, which in the presence of certain amines may generate nitrosamines.
Formation of nitrosamines in formulations containing amines may be reduced by limiting the concentration of bronopol to 0.01% w/v and including an antioxidant such as 0.2% w/v alpha tocopherol or 0.05% w/v butylated hydroxytoluene;(14) other inhibitor systems may also be appropriate.

Storage:
Bronopol is stable and its antimicrobial activity is practically unaffected when stored as a solid at room temperature and ambient relative humidity for up to 2 years.
The pH of a 1.0% w/v aqueous solution is 5.0–6.0 and falls slowly during storage; solutions are more stable in acid conditions.
Microbiological assay results indicate longer half-lives than those obtained by HPLC and thus suggest that degradation products may contribute to antimicrobial activity.

Formaldehyde and nitrites are among the decomposition products, but formaldehyde arises in such low concentrations that its antimicrobial effect is not likely to be significant.
On exposure to light, especially under alkaline conditions, solutions become yellow or brown-colored but the degree of discoloration does not directly correlate with loss of antimicrobial activity.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed, nonaluminum container protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Synonyms
bronopol
52-51-7
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
Bronosol
Bronocot
Bronidiol
Bronopolu
Bronotak
Lexgard bronopol
Onyxide 500
Bronopolum
1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
C3H6BrNO4
Caswell No. 116A
Bronopolu [Polish]
BNPD
MFCD00007390
beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
Bioban
NSC 141021
Bronopolum [INN-Latin]
HSDB 7195
Myacide AS
Myacide AS plus
Myacide BT
Bronopol [INN:BAN:JAN]
EINECS 200-143-0
UNII-6PU1E16C9W
Myacide Pharma BP
Canguard 409
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 216400
NSC-141021
BNPK
BRN 1705868
6PU1E16C9W
DTXSID8024652
CHEBI:31306
AI3-61639
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
Nalco 92RU093
UN3241
DTXCID904652
EC 200-143-0
1,2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
NCGC00164057-01
BRONOPOL (MART.)
BRONOPOL [MART.]
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241] [Flammable Solid]
CAS-52-51-7
Pyceze
2-Bronopol
Bioban BP Plus
Ultra-Fresh SAB
bronopol (DCI)
Bactrinol 100
Protectol BN 98
Protectol BN 99
2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol
Acticide L 30
Preventol P 100
BE 6 (bactericide)
Topcide 2520
Bronopol (JAN/INN)
N 25 (antimicrobial)
BRONOPOL [HSDB]
BRONOPOL [INN]
BRONOPOL [JAN]
BRONOPOL [MI]
BRONOPOL [VANDF]
WLN: WNXE1Q1Q
1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol)
BRONOPOL [WHO-DD]
Bronopol [BAN:INN:JAN]
SCHEMBL23260
C3-H6-Br-N-O4
BE 6
Bioban BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1408862
SCHEMBL16556987
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-13-diol
LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-13-diol
AMY8948
2-Bromo-2-nitro-13-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1 3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1 3-propanediol
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanodiol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1 3-diol
2-bromo-2-nitropropano-1 3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropano-1,3-diol
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1 3-propanediol
2-nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanodiol
HY-B1217
Tox21_112079
Tox21_300126
BDBM50248122
LS-172
NA3241
NSC141021
s4553
1,3-propanodiol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-bromanyl-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol
AKOS003606838
CCG-213823
CS-4699
DB13960
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 216400
NCGC00164057-02
NCGC00164057-03
NCGC00253984-01
AS-11889
N 25
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98%
.beta.-Bromo-.beta.-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
B1247
Bronopol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
FT-0611399
D01577
E85247
EN300-141420
AB01563195_01
2-BROMO-2-NITROPROPANE-1,3-DIOL [INCI]
A829125
SR-01000944249
Q-200765
Q2462902
SR-01000944249-1
InChI=1/C3H6BrNO4/c4-3(1-6,2-7)5(8)9/h6-7H,1-2H2

Bronopol, a formaldehyde releaser, was reported as an allergen in dairy workers.
In a recent case report, bronopol was contained in a lubricant jelly used for ultrasound examination and caused contact dermatitis in a veterinary surgeon.
Bronopol is a white or almost white crystalline powder; odorless or with a faint characteristic odor.

CAS: 52-51-7
MF: C3H6BrNO4
MW: 199.99
EINECS: 200-143-0

Synonyms
Bronopol 1g [52-51-7];Broken Ball;2-BroMo-2-nitropropane-1;3-diol (Bronopol);Bronopol(2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanedio1);2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98% 25GR;Bronopol BNPD;Bronopol 0
bronopol;52-51-7;2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol;2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol;Bronosol;Bronocot;Bronidiol;Bronopolu;Bronotak;Lexgard bronopol;Onyxide 500;Bronopolum;1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-;2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol;Caswell No. 116A;MFCD00007390;beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol;NSC 141021;Bronopolum [INN-Latin];HSDB 7195;EINECS 200-143-0;UNII-6PU1E16C9W;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 216400;NSC-141021;BRN 1705868;6PU1E16C9W;DTXSID8024652;CHEBI:31306;AI3-61639;2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol;DTXCID904652;EC 200-143-0;C3H6BrNO4;NCGC00164057-01;Bronopolum (INN-Latin);BRONOPOL(MART.);BRONOPOL [MART.];Bronopolu [Polish];Bioban;Myacide AS;Myacide AS plus;Myacide BT;CAS-52-51-7;Bronopol [INN:BAN:JAN];Myacide Pharma BP;Canguard 409;BNPD;Nalco 92RU093;UN3241;Remain Silver;Remain Gold;Bronopol solution;Gold-Bloc;Soft Tuch;2-Bronopol;Gil Sani-Guard;Bronopol Teat Dip;QM Gold;Ultra-Soft Barrier;2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol;1,2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol;Medic Booster Barrier;Bronopol (JAN/INN);BRONOPOL [HSDB];BRONOPOL [INN];BRONOPOL [JAN];BRONOPOL [MI];BRONOPOL [VANDF];WLN: WNXE1Q1Q;1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-;2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol);BRONOPOL [WHO-DD];SCHEMBL23260;TDX-84;Bioban BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix);CHEMBL140886;SCHEMBL16556987;LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-;AMY8948;2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241] [Flammable Solid];ALBB-031641;HYB1217;Tox21_112079;Tox21_300126;BDBM50248122;NSC141021;s4553;2-bromanyl-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol;AKOS003606838;CCG-213823;CS-4699;DB13960;AST Inc. PRO-4 BARRIER TEAT DIP
;USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 216400;NCGC00164057-02;NCGC00164057-03;NCGC00253984-01;AS-11889
;2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98%;AST Inc. PRO-4 SANITIZING TEAT DIP;.beta.-Bromo-.beta.-nitrotrimethyleneglycol;DB-027831;B1247;Bronopol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard;NS00003792
;SFP INC. TD-44 SANITIZING TEAT DIP;D01577;E85247;EN300-141420;SBI-0653499.0001;AB01563195_01;A829125;SR-01000944249;Q-200765;Q2462902;SR-01000944249-1;BRD-K33457401-001-01-1;SFP INC. TD-44 BARRIER SANITIZING POST TEAT DIP;InChI=1/C3H6BrNO4/c4-3(1-6,2-7)5(8)9/h6-7H,1-2H2

Bronopol is a nitro compound.
Bronopol is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
Bronopol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of bronopol was in 1897.
Bronopol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to Bronopol's low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
Bronopol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.

Bronopol, also known as bronosol, is an organic compound first synthesized in 1897.
Bronopol is used as a preservative in numerous commercial applications thanks to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.
Bronopol name you’ll see on the label is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
Bronopol is a nitro compound that goes through the procedure of nitromethane bromination.
The obtained Bronopol further goes through the grounding process so that a fine powder can be acquired.
Bronopol is utilized as a microbicide or microbiostat in the application of commercial and industrial products.
Bronopol is quite stable to hydrolysis in an aqueous medium under normal conditions.

Bronopol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 358.0±42.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 2.0002 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
Fp: 167°C
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
pka: 12.02±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Color: White to yellow
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Merck: 14,1447
BRN: 1705868
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture.
LogP: 1.150 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 52-51-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Bronopol (52-51-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Bronopol (52-51-7)

Physical and chemical properties
Appearance
Bronopol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.

Melting point
As a pure material, bronopol has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, bronopol undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140 °C, bronopol decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.

Solubility
Bronopol is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
Bronopol is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.

Partition coefficient
Study of the solubility data shows that bronopol has a high affinity for polar rather than non-polar environments.
In two-phase systems, bronopol partitions preferentially into the polar (usually aqueous) phase.

Stability in aqueous solution
In aqueous solutions, bronopol is most stable when the pH of the system is on the acid side of neutral.
Temperature also has a significant effect on stability in alkaline systems.

Degradation
Under extreme alkaline conditions, bronopol decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.
Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with bronopol.
Other decomposition products detected after bronopol breakdown are bromide ion, nitrite ion, bromonitroethanol and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.

Uses
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.
Bronopol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
A formulating technical material is also registered.
Bronopol has been used as reference standard in ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP-MS) method for determination of bromine containing preservatives from cosmetic products.
Bronopol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).

The use of bronopol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.
While bronopol is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines (due to the toxicity of these substances, the term 'significant' means levels as low as tens of parts per billion).
Manufacturers of personal care products are therefore instructed by regulatory authorities to avoid the formation of nitrosamines which might mean removing amines or amides from the formulation, removing bronopol from a formulation, or using nitrosamine inhibitors.
Bronopol has been restricted for use in cosmetics in Canada.

Bronopol has the ability to destroy the growth of microbes, makes it a good choice for floor cleaners, surface cleaners, and other cleaning applications.
However, Bronopol might not be useful as a skin cleanser as it is used at very low concentrations when Bronopol comes to skincare products and cosmetics.
Bronopol powder has antibacterial properties.
Bronopol is a white solid but industrial samples appear yellow.
This powder widely used in cosmetic and personal care products such as creams, rinses, shampoos, eye makeup items, and lotion to prevent bacterial growth and protect the product's integrity.
As bronopol is effective against a wide range of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and other microbes, it is also used in the manufacturing of hand sanitizers and other toiletries.
You may also use Bronopol to make DIY liquid soaps and hand washes.
Only for external body use.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Bronopol 0.01–0.1% w/v is used as an antimicrobial preservative either alone or in combination with other preservatives in topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and toiletries; the usual concentration is 0.02% w/v.

Production Methods
Bronopol is synthesized by the reaction of nitromethane with paraformaldehyde in an alkaline environment, followed by bromination.
After crystallization, bronopol powder may be milled to produce a powder of the required fineness.

Production
Bronopol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Production today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.

Manufacturing Process
A mixture of 441 g (3 mols) of calcium chloride dihydrate, 61 g (1 mol) of nitromethane, 163 g (2 mols) of formalin (37% formaldehyde solution) and 470 ml of water was cooled to 0°C and mixed with 5 g of calcium hydroxide while stirring.
The temperature thereby rose to 30°C.
As soon as the temperature had fallen again, a further 32 g of calcium hydroxide (total of 0.5 mol) were added.
The mixture was then cooled to 0°C and with intensive cooling and stirring, 159.8 g (1 mol, 51 ml) of bromine were dropped in at a rate so that the temperature remained at around 0°C.
After the addition was ended, the mixture was stirred for a further 2 hours, when the reaction product separated in crystalline form.
Bronopol was quickly filtered on a suction filter and the crystalline sludge obtained was taken up in 450 ml of ethylene chloride and dissolved at reflux.
Then by addition of magnesium sulfate, undissolved inorganic salts were separated and the solution was slowly cooled whereby 140 g (70% yield) of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol precipitated in colorless crystals melting at 123°-124°C.

Reactivity Profile
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides.
Bronopol is also incompatible with sulfhydryl compounds or with aluminum or iron containers (it is stable in contact with tin or stainless steel).

Fire Hazard
Flammable/combustible material.
May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.
Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.
Bronopol may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point.
May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

Health Hazard
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

2-Bronopol; Bronosol; Bronopol; Onyxide 500; Beta-Bromo-Beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol; 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol; Bronidiol; Bronocot; bronopol; Bronopolu; Bronotak; Lexgard bronopol CAS:52-51-7

CI Food Brown 3; Chocolate brown HT; CI (1975) No. 20285; INS No. 155 CAS NO: 4553-89-3

BRYONOLIC ACID, N° CAS : 24480-45-3, Nom INCI : BRYONOLIC ACID, Nom chimique : D:C-Friedoolean-8-en-29-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta,20beta)-, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau

BUTA-1,3-DIENE, N° CAS : 106-99-0, Nom INCI : BUTA-1,3-DIENE

Bupleurum (Chai Hu) Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the root of the Bupleurum chinense plant, known for its anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and balancing properties.
Bupleurum Extract is recognized for its ability to soothe irritated skin, detoxify the skin, and promote a healthy complexion, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain healthy, radiant, and balanced skin.

CAS Number: 84696-21-7
EC Number: 283-904-2

Synonyms: Bupleurum Extract, Bupleurum Root Extract, Chai Hu Extract, Bupleurum Chinense Root Extract, Bupleurum Falcatum Extract, Chaihu Herbal Extract, Bupleurum Chinense Extract, Chinese Thoroughwax Extract, Bupleurum Detoxifying Extract, Bupleurum Bioactive Extract, Bupleurum Phytocomplex, Bupleurum Phytoextract, Chinese Bupleurum Extract, Chai Hu Active, Bupleurum Herbal Concentrate, Bupleurum Natural Extract



APPLICATIONS


Bupleurum Extract is extensively used in the formulation of detoxifying creams, providing benefits that help purify and cleanse the skin while improving complexion.
Bupleurum Extract is favored in the creation of calming serums, where it helps to reduce redness, soothe inflamed skin, and detoxify congested skin.
Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the development of moisturizers, offering balancing and purifying properties for oily or combination skin.

Bupleurum Extract is widely used in the production of anti-inflammatory treatments, where it helps to calm irritated or reactive skin.
Bupleurum Extract is employed in the formulation of wellness creams, helping to balance hormonal skin concerns and detoxify skin affected by environmental pollutants.
Bupleurum Extract is essential in the creation of face masks, providing deep-cleansing benefits that purify pores and reduce skin impurities.

Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the production of scalp treatments, offering detoxifying and balancing benefits for the scalp, helping to promote healthy hair growth.
Bupleurum Extract is a key ingredient in the formulation of acne treatments, where it helps to detoxify the skin, reduce inflammation, and prevent breakouts.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the creation of protective serums, where it helps to enhance skin detoxification and promote a clear, radiant complexion.

Bupleurum Extract is applied in the formulation of facial oils, offering detoxifying and balancing care for congested or oily skin.
Bupleurum Extract is employed in the production of body lotions, providing all-over purifying and detoxifying benefits for skin prone to impurities and environmental stress.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the development of calming creams, providing deep relief and detoxifying care for sensitive and reactive skin.

Bupleurum Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of prebiotic skincare products, supporting the skin’s microbiome while offering detoxifying and balancing benefits.
Bupleurum Extract is a key component in the creation of anti-aging serums, providing antioxidant and detoxifying benefits that help to preserve youthful skin.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the production of lip care products, providing detoxifying and protective benefits for soft, clear lips.

Bupleurum Extract is employed in the formulation of hand creams, offering balancing and detoxifying benefits that promote healthy skin.
Bupleurum Extract is applied in the creation of daily wear creams, offering detoxifying and protective benefits for everyday use.
Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the development of skin repair treatments, providing detoxifying and purifying care for damaged or irritated skin.

Bupleurum Extract is found in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports detoxification and skin clarity.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the production of soothing gels, providing instant relief from irritation while promoting detoxification.
Bupleurum Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of multipurpose balms, providing versatile detoxifying care for sensitive areas such as lips, hands, and face.

Bupleurum Extract is widely used in the formulation of detoxifying skincare products, offering purifying and protective benefits for oily and congested skin.
Bupleurum Extract is employed in the development of nourishing body butters, offering rich hydration and detoxifying benefits for dry, rough skin.
Bupleurum Extract is applied in the production of anti-aging serums, offering detoxifying and antioxidant benefits that help to maintain youthful-looking skin.

Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the creation of facial oils, offering detoxifying care that supports skin health and reduces oxidative stress.
Bupleurum Extract is found in the formulation of sensitive skin repair treatments, providing targeted care for areas prone to irritation and discomfort.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the production of sun care products, providing detoxifying protection and hydration that preserves skin health.



DESCRIPTION


Bupleurum (Chai Hu) Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the root of the Bupleurum chinense plant, known for its anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and balancing properties.
Bupleurum Extract is recognized for its ability to soothe irritated skin, detoxify the skin, and promote a healthy complexion, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.

Bupleurum Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin texture, balancing oil production, and promoting an even skin tone, ensuring long-lasting protection and detoxification.
Bupleurum Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to purify, balance, and detoxify congested or oily skin, offering both immediate and long-term benefits.
Bupleurum Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin, leaving it smooth, clear, and radiant.

Bupleurum Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining clear, balanced skin.
Bupleurum Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural detoxifying processes, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to cleanse and purify the skin.
Bupleurum Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and oils.

Bupleurum Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting oily, congested, and environmentally stressed skin, as it provides gentle yet effective detoxifying and balancing care.
Bupleurum Extract is known for its compatibility with other skincare actives, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Bupleurum Extract is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between detoxification, protection, and soothing care, ensuring comprehensive skin benefits.

Bupleurum Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing detoxifying, purifying, and protective benefits in one ingredient.
Bupleurum Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with noticeable improvements in skin clarity, tone, and texture.
Bupleurum Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to purify and balance the skin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Bupleurum Extract (Bupleurum chinense Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow to brown liquid or powder
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for liquid extract)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid or powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for liquid extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Bupleurum Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Bupleurum Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Bupleurum Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Bupleurum Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of vapors and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Bupleurum Extract at temperatures between 15-25°C as recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Bupleurum Extract away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizers.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Bupleurum Extract to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of cosmetic ingredients.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

Butyl acetate; 1-Acetoxybutane; 1-Butyl acetate; Acetate de butyle (French); Acetic Acid Butyl Ester; Butile (Acetati Di) (Italian); Butyl Ethanoate; Butylacetat (German); Butylacetate; Butylacetaten (Dutch); Butyle (Acetate De) (French); Butylester Kyseliny Octove (Czech); Octan n-Butylu (Polish); Butyl Ethanoate; cas no:123-86-4

SYNONYMS 1,4-Butylene glycol, Tetramethylene glycol CAS NO:110-63-4

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), also known as b-butylene glycol or BD, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can also serve as a humectant to prevent loss of moisture in cosmetics, particularly in hair sprays and setting lotions.

CAS Number: 2413407-77-7
Molecular Formula: C4H8F2O2
Molecular Weight: 126.1

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.
With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in flavoring.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), also known as 1,3-butanediol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a type of diol or glycol, which means it has two hydroxyl (OH) groups.
The "1,3" in its name indicates the positions of the two hydroxyl groups on the carbon chain.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly sweet taste.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used for various industrial purposes.
One significant application is as a precursor in the production of certain polymers, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is a type of thermoplastic polyester.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
1,3 Butanediol, also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.

Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol):
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH
Dehydration of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) gives 1,3-butadiene:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH → CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O

Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a bitter and odorless tasting compound.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
This could make Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.
Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
(R)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral compound that belongs to the group of organic compounds called diols.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the fermentation of Candida parapsilosis and other yeast species to produce enantiomerically pure (S)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).
The racemate can be converted into the two enantiomers by chemical means or by enzymatic resolution.
The process for large-scale production is similar to that for ethanol fermentation, but with 2-propanol as substrate instead of glucose.

The fermentor has been shown to be effective at producing large quantities of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) in a short time period.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.
At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents and serves as a co-monomer in manufacturing certain polyurethane and polyester resins.

Besides, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is pharmaceutically involved in the production of colchicine derivatives as a anticancer agent and in the synthesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma and delta agonists acting as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) (also known as 1,3-butylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, or 1,3-dihydroxybutane) is an organic chemical, an alcohol.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is one of four stable structural isomers of butanediol.
In biology, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be converted into β-hydroxybutyrate and serve as a substrate for brain metabolism.
The chemical structure consists of a four-carbon chain with two hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to carbon atoms 1 and 3.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and fermentation processes.

Chemical synthesis often involves the catalytic hydrogenation of acetylacetone or hydroformylation of allyl alcohol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the production of polymers, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is employed in the manufacturing of fibers, films, and engineering plastics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and solvents.

Some strains of bacteria and yeast can produce Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) through fermentation processes.
This biological route is of interest for sustainable and eco-friendly production.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a viscous liquid at room temperature.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a slightly sweet taste.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is soluble in water and has a relatively low melting point.
As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is important to be aware of the material safety data sheet (MSDS) and follow recommended safety guidelines.
Beyond industrial applications, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has gained attention for its potential use in the production of biofuels and as a precursor for renewable chemicals.

Boiling point: 225.2±35.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.245±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
pka: 12.60±0.20(Predicted)

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with molecular formula c4h10o2.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is mainly used to prepare polyester resin, polyurethane resin, plasticizer, etc.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also used as humidifier and softener for textiles, paper and tobacco.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a sweet flavor with bitter aftertaste and is odorless when pure.
colourless liquid Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) occurs as a clear, colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet flavor and bitter aftertaste.
Butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.

At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents an.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been investigated for potential medical applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral molecule, and different enantiomers may have different biological activities.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has solvent properties and can be used as a solvent in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility in both water and organic solvents makes it versatile for certain chemical processes.
Due to its slightly sweet taste and ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) finds use in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it may be employed as a carrier for flavors or fragrances.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals.
For example, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to form butenes, which are valuable chemical intermediates.
With an increasing emphasis on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers, providing an alternative to petroleum-derived materials.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to produce butyrolactone, another important chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including certain polymers.
As with any chemical, regulatory agencies in different countries may have specific guidelines and restrictions on the production, use, and handling of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to be aware of and comply with these regulations.

Ongoing research continues to explore new applications and methods for the production of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), especially in the context of sustainable and green.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.
Research is ongoing to explore its suitability as an alternative fuel source.

The thermodynamics and phase behavior of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) are of interest in various industrial processes, including its use as a solvent and in polymer production. Understanding these properties is crucial for optimizing production and processing conditions.
As sustainability becomes a more significant concern, the biodegradability of chemicals is an important factor.
Studies may assess the environmental impact and fate of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) under different conditions.

In addition to being a precursor for certain polymers, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can serve as a crosslinking agent in polymer chemistry, contributing to the formation of three-dimensional networks in certain materials.
Due to its properties, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in the formulation of personal care products such as cosmetics and skincare items, where it can act as a humectant and solvent.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been studied for its potential use as a cryoprotectant, helping to preserve biological samples at low temperatures, such as in the field of cryobiology.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a catalyst in certain polymerization reactions, contributing to the formation of specific types of polymers with desirable properties.

Ongoing research may uncover new applications and uses for Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), particularly as emerging technologies and scientific advancements open up novel possibilities for its utilization.
Understanding global production trends, market demands, and economic factors related to Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) provides insights into its commercial significance and potential future developments in its applications.
Some studies have explored the potential therapeutic uses of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), including its neuroprotective properties.

Uses:
One of the major uses of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is as a precursor in the production of polymers.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a key component in the synthesis of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), a thermoplastic polyester used in the production of fibers, films, and engineering plastics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used in the production of solvents, plasticizers, and other chemicals.
Due to its solubility in both water and organic solvents, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is employed as a solvent in certain chemical processes.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s slightly sweet taste and solvent properties make it useful in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it can be used as a carrier for flavors and fragrances.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a plasticizer, a substance added to polymers to improve flexibility and other mechanical properties.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in personal care products such as cosmetics and skincare items, where it can act as a humectant (moisture-retaining substance) and solvent.
Research has explored the potential use of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) as a biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been studied for its potential use as a cryoprotectant in preserving biological samples at low temperatures.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can serve as a crosslinking agent in polymer chemistry, contributing to the formation of three-dimensional networks in certain materials.
Research has investigated potential medical applications, including its use in pharmaceutical synthesis and drug development.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is neuroprotective properties have also been explored.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a catalyst in certain polymerization reactions.
Ongoing research may uncover new applications and uses for Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), particularly as emerging technologies and scientific advancements open up novel possibilities for its utilization.

With an increasing focus on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers.
This aligns with efforts to reduce dependence on petroleum-derived resources in the polymer industry.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been explored as a potential component in deicer solutions for use in aviation and road maintenance.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is properties may contribute to the effectiveness of deicing agents.
While not a direct food ingredient, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s applications in the flavor and fragrance industry may indirectly impact the food sector through its use in the production of food-related aromas and essences.
In some cases, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered for use in hydraulic fluids due to its chemical properties and potential as a biodegradable alternative.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be employed in certain anti-freeze formulations, contributing to the prevention of freezing in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s solubility and other properties make it suitable for use in metalworking fluids, where it can help in lubrication and cooling during machining processes.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s solvent properties make it useful in the formulation of certain detergents and cleaning products.

Ongoing research continues to explore potential medical applications of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), including its role in drug delivery systems and therapeutic interventions.
Historically, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been used in the production of certain photographic chemicals, although this application has diminished with changes in photographic technology.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s thermophysical properties make it of interest in thermal energy storage systems, where it could potentially be used as a heat transfer fluid.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be incorporated into the formulation of adhesives and sealants, contributing to their performance characteristics.
Due to its hygroscopic properties, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is sometimes used as a humectant in tobacco products to help maintain moisture.
Research has suggested that Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may have antimicrobial properties, and it has been explored for its potential use in antimicrobial formulations, such as hand sanitizers.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used in the production of certain adhesives, where its properties contribute to the adhesive's performance and characteristics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been used in the formulation of some electronic cigarette liquids.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is inclusion in these products is due to its ability to produce vapor and its relatively low toxicity compared to other compounds.

As industries seek more sustainable alternatives, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in the production of various bio-based chemicals, contributing to a more environmentally friendly approach.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility and chemical properties make Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) suitable for use in the formulation of inks and coatings.
In the textile industry, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be used in processes involving the production of fibers and fabrics.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered for use in anti-corrosion formulations, where it could help protect metals from corrosion.
Due to its ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a cosolvent in the pharmaceutical industry, assisting in the formulation of certain drugs.
In addition to hydraulic fluids, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be considered for use in water-based hydraulic fluids, contributing to the lubrication and cooling of hydraulic systems.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been explored as a component in seed coating formulations, potentially enhancing the efficiency of agricultural practices.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the production of certain precursors for carbon fiber, a lightweight and high-strength material.
In battery technology, it has been studied as an additive to electrolytes, aiming to improve the performance and safety of certain types of batteries.

Some studies have investigated the use of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) as an attractant for certain insects in agricultural applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be used as a preservative in certain pharmaceutical formulations to help extend the shelf life of the product.

Safety Profile:
Inhalation of vapors or mists may cause respiratory irritation.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to work in well-ventilated areas or use appropriate respiratory protection when necessary.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause irritation. Contact with the skin should be minimized, and protective equipment, such as gloves, should be used.

Direct contact with the eyes may cause irritation.
Safety goggles or a face shield should be worn when there is a risk of splashing.
Ingesting Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be harmful.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is not intended for consumption, and accidental ingestion should be avoided.
Ingestion may lead to gastrointestinal irritation.
While Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) itself is not highly flammable, it should be kept away from open flames and high heat.

Synonyms:
(S)-butane-1,3-diol
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)
24621-61-2
(3S)-butane-1,3-diol
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (3S)-
(S)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol
CHEBI:52688
BU2
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (S)-
MFCD00064278
EINECS 246-363-0
S-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)
D-Butane-1,3-diol
(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)
CHEMBL1231501
(S)-(+)-1,3-Dihydroxybutane
(S)-(+)-1,3-Butylene Glycol
AKOS015838960
CS-W016671
DB02202
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), 98%
AS-11117
B1160
EN300-6950561
A817400
J-015593
Q63390504

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is pharmaceutically involved in the production of colchicine derivatives as a anticancer agent and in the synthesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma and delta agonists acting as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is one of four stable structural isomers of butanediol.

CAS Number: 2413407-77-7
Molecular Formula: C4H8F2O2
Molecular Weight: 126.1

(S)-butane-1,3-diol, (S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), 24621-61-2, (3S)-butane-1,3-diol, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (3S)-, (S)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol, CHEBI:52688, BU2, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (S)-, MFCD00064278, EINECS 246-363-0, S-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), D-Butane-1,3-diol, (+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), CHEMBL1231501, (S)-(+)-1,3-Dihydroxybutane, (S)-(+)-1,3-Butylene Glycol, AKOS015838960, CS-W016671, DB02202, (S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), 98%, AS-11117, B1160, EN300-6950561, A817400, J-015593, Q63390504

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and solvents.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with molecular formula c4h10o2.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is mainly used to prepare polyester resin, polyurethane resin, plasticizer, etc.

In biology, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be converted into β-hydroxybutyrate and serve as a substrate for brain metabolism.
The chemical structure consists of a four-carbon chain with two hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to carbon atoms 1 and 3.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and fermentation processes.
Chemical synthesis often involves the catalytic hydrogenation of acetylacetone or hydroformylation of allyl alcohol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the production of polymers, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is employed in the manufacturing of fibers, films, and engineering plastics.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also used as humidifier and softener for textiles, paper and tobacco.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a sweet flavor with bitter aftertaste and is odorless when pure.
Colourless liquid Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) occurs as a clear, colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet flavor and bitter aftertaste.

Butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.
At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents an.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been investigated for potential medical applications.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral molecule, and different enantiomers may have different biological activities.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has solvent properties and can be used as a solvent in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility in both water and organic solvents makes it versatile for certain chemical processes.

Due to its slightly sweet taste and ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) finds use in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it may be employed as a carrier for flavors or fragrances.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals.
For example, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to form butenes, which are valuable chemical intermediates.

With an increasing emphasis on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers, providing an alternative to petroleum-derived materials.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to produce butyrolactone, another important chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including certain polymers.
As with any chemical, regulatory agencies in different countries may have specific guidelines and restrictions on the production, use, and handling of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to be aware of and comply with these regulations.
Ongoing research continues to explore new applications and methods for the production of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), especially in the context of sustainable and green.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.

Research is ongoing to explore its suitability as an alternative fuel source.
Some strains of bacteria and yeast can produce Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) through fermentation processes.
This biological route is of interest for sustainable and eco-friendly production.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a viscous liquid at room temperature.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a slightly sweet taste.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is soluble in water and has a relatively low melting point.

As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is important to be aware of the material safety data sheet (MSDS) and follow recommended safety guidelines.
Beyond industrial applications, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has gained attention for its potential use in the production of biofuels and as a precursor for renewable chemicals.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) (also known as 1,3-butylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, or 1,3-dihydroxybutane) is an organic chemical, an alcohol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.

With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with molecular formula c4h10o2.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is mainly used to prepare polyester resin, polyurethane resin, plasticizer, etc.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also used as humidifier and softener for textiles, paper and tobacco.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a sweet flavor with bitter aftertaste and is odorless when pure.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.

At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents an.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been investigated for potential medical applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral molecule, and different enantiomers may have different biological activities.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has solvent properties and can be used as a solvent in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility in both water and organic solvents makes it versatile for certain chemical processes.
Due to its slightly sweet taste and ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) finds use in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it may be employed as a carrier for flavors or fragrances.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals.
For example, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to form butenes, which are valuable chemical intermediates.
With an increasing emphasis on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers, providing an alternative to petroleum-derived materials.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to produce butyrolactone, another important chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including certain polymers.
As with any chemical, regulatory agencies in different countries may have specific guidelines and restrictions on the production, use, and handling of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to be aware of and comply with these regulations.
Ongoing research continues to explore new applications and methods for the production of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), especially in the context of sustainable and green.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.

Research is ongoing to explore its suitability as an alternative fuel source.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers.

Boiling point: 225.2±35.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.245±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
pka: 12.60±0.20(Predicted)

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in flavoring.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a type of diol or glycol, which means it has two hydroxyl (OH) groups.
The "1,3" in its name indicates the positions of the two hydroxyl groups on the carbon chain.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly sweet taste.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used for various industrial purposes.
One significant application is as a precursor in the production of certain polymers, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is a type of thermoplastic polyester.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a bitter and odorless tasting compound.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
This could make Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.

1,3 Butanediol, also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.
Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol):
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH

Dehydration of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) gives 1,3-butadiene:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH → CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), also known as b-butylene glycol or BD, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.
Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
(R)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral compound that belongs to the group of organic compounds called diols.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the fermentation of Candida parapsilosis and other yeast species to produce enantiomerically pure (S)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).
The racemate can be converted into the two enantiomers by chemical means or by enzymatic resolution.
The process for large-scale production is similar to that for ethanol fermentation, but with 2-propanol as substrate instead of glucose.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can also serve as a humectant to prevent loss of moisture in cosmetics, particularly in hair sprays and setting lotions.
The fermentor has been shown to be effective at producing large quantities of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) in a short time period.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.
At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents and serves as a co-monomer in manufacturing certain polyurethane and polyester resins.

Uses:
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used in the production of certain adhesives, where its properties contribute to the adhesive's performance and characteristics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered for use in anti-corrosion formulations, where it could help protect metals from corrosion.
Due to its ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a cosolvent in the pharmaceutical industry, assisting in the formulation of certain drugs.

In addition to hydraulic fluids, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be considered for use in water-based hydraulic fluids, contributing to the lubrication and cooling of hydraulic systems.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been explored as a component in seed coating formulations, potentially enhancing the efficiency of agricultural practices.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the production of certain precursors for carbon fiber, a lightweight and high-strength material.

Some studies have investigated the use of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) as an attractant for certain insects in agricultural applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be used as a preservative in certain pharmaceutical formulations to help extend the shelf life of the product.
In battery technology, it has been studied as an additive to electrolytes, aiming to improve the performance and safety of certain types of batteries.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been used in the formulation of some electronic cigarette liquids.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is inclusion in these products is due to its ability to produce vapor and its relatively low toxicity compared to other compounds.
As industries seek more sustainable alternatives, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in the production of various bio-based chemicals, contributing to a more environmentally friendly approach.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility and chemical properties make Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) suitable for use in the formulation of inks and coatings.
In the textile industry, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be used in processes involving the production of fibers and fabrics.
One of the major uses of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is as a precursor in the production of polymers.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is properties may contribute to the effectiveness of deicing agents.
While not a direct food ingredient, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s applications in the flavor and fragrance industry may indirectly impact the food sector through its use in the production of food-related aromas and essences.
In some cases, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered for use in hydraulic fluids due to its chemical properties and potential as a biodegradable alternative.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be employed in certain anti-freeze formulations, contributing to the prevention of freezing in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s solubility and other properties make it suitable for use in metalworking fluids, where it can help in lubrication and cooling during machining processes.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s solvent properties make it useful in the formulation of certain detergents and cleaning products.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a key component in the synthesis of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), a thermoplastic polyester used in the production of fibers, films, and engineering plastics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used in the production of solvents, plasticizers, and other chemicals.

Ongoing research continues to explore potential medical applications of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), including its role in drug delivery systems and therapeutic interventions.
Historically, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been used in the production of certain photographic chemicals, although this application has diminished with changes in photographic technology.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s thermophysical properties make it of interest in thermal energy storage systems, where it could potentially be used as a heat transfer fluid.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be incorporated into the formulation of adhesives and sealants, contributing to their performance characteristics.
Due to its hygroscopic properties, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is sometimes used as a humectant in tobacco products to help maintain moisture.

Research has suggested that Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may have antimicrobial properties, and it has been explored for its potential use in antimicrobial formulations, such as hand sanitizers.
Due to its solubility in both water and organic solvents, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is employed as a solvent in certain chemical processes.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s slightly sweet taste and solvent properties make it useful in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it can be used as a carrier for flavors and fragrances.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a plasticizer, a substance added to polymers to improve flexibility and other mechanical properties.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in personal care products such as cosmetics and skincare items, where it can act as a humectant (moisture-retaining substance) and solvent.
Research has explored the potential use of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) as a biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been studied for its potential use as a cryoprotectant in preserving biological samples at low temperatures.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can serve as a crosslinking agent in polymer chemistry, contributing to the formation of three-dimensional networks in certain materials.

Research has investigated potential medical applications, including its use in pharmaceutical synthesis and drug development.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is neuroprotective properties have also been explored.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a catalyst in certain polymerization reactions.

Ongoing research may uncover new applications and uses for Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), particularly as emerging technologies and scientific advancements open up novel possibilities for its utilization.
With an increasing focus on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers.

This aligns with efforts to reduce dependence on petroleum-derived resources in the polymer industry.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been explored as a potential component in deicer solutions for use in aviation and road maintenance.

Safety Profile:
Inhalation of vapors or mists may cause respiratory irritation.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is not intended for consumption, and accidental ingestion should be avoided.

Ingestion may lead to gastrointestinal irritation.
While Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) itself is not highly flammable, it should be kept away from open flames and high heat.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to work in well-ventilated areas or use appropriate respiratory protection when necessary.

Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause irritation. Contact with the skin should be minimized, and protective equipment, such as gloves, should be used.
Direct contact with the eyes may cause irritation.

Safety goggles or a face shield should be worn when there is a risk of splashing.
Ingesting Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be harmful.

Butane-1,4-diol is an organic compound belonging to the divalent alcohols.
Butane-1,4-diol has a wide application scope in several end-use industries including footwear, electronics, automotive and packaging among others.
Butane-1,4-diol is a Butane-1,4-diol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group.

CAS Number: 110-63-4
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Molecular Weight: 90.12
EINECS Number: 203-786-5

Butane-1,4-diol is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
Butane-1,4-diol is also used as an intermediate to make polyurethane that is used in auto bumpers and dash boards.
Butane-1,4-diol intermediate’s reactive sites are its hydroxyl groups, which undergo all the typical reactions of alcohols.

In addition to the condensation reactions noted above, it can be converted to simple esters and halides, dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dehydrogenated to gamma-butyrolactone.
Butane-1,4-diol is produced by hydroformylation of allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is then followed by hydrogenation.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless liquid with high boiling point and low toxicity.

Butane-1,4-diol is of great industrial importance as a starting material for numerous chemical synthesis processes and for the production of plastics.
Large amounts of the substance are obtained in a two-stage process from formaldehyde and acetylene with subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate Butane-1,4-diol.
In addition, there are processes based on propene and maleic anhydride.

Manufacturing processes based on the fermentation of renewable raw materials are also gradually gaining in importance.
Butane-1,4-diol, also termed as 1,4-butylene glycol or butane-1,4-diol, is an organic compound that is primarily utilized in the production of plastics, fibers, and solvents.
Butane-1,4-diol is a versatile chemical intermediate that possesses excellent durability, strength and thermal stability.

Butane-1,4-diol is most commonly used to produce tetrahydrofuran (THF), an extremely flammable, colorless liquid employed as an intermediate in polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) production.
This is then further processed to yield the highly popular apparel fiber - spandex, which is used in medical, automotive & sports applications.
Butane-1,4-diol is heat and light sensitive.
1,4-Butanediol reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates; reacts with oxidizing agents and reducing agents.

Butane-1,4-diol is incompatible with isocyanates and acids; also incompatible with peroxides, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, caustics, acetaldehyde, nitrogen peroxide and chlorine.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless viscous liquid diol that can be obtained by 4 different processes.
The first one is the Reppe process which consist of the reaction between the acetylene and the formaldehyde.

In 1930, the Butane-1,4-diol) synthesis has evolved to the developments of the second process, the Davy Process which is producing BDO from maleic anhydride / succinic acid.
The third process is the LyondellBassell process that allows use of BDO from Propylene Oxide.
The last one is the Geminox Process-BP chemicals using BDO from Butane.

Butane-1,4-diol can be produced through various chemical processes, including the catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or the oxidation of tetrahydrofuran (THF).
These processes yield Butane-1,4-diol as one of the products.
Butane-1,4-diol seems to have two types of pharmacological actions.

The major psychoactive effects of Butane-1,4-diol are because it is metabolized into GHB; however there is a study suggesting that Butane-1,4-diol may have potential alcohol-like pharmacological effects on its own.
The study arrived at this conclusion based on the finding that Butane-1,4-diol coadministered with ethanol led to potentiation of some of the behavioral effects of ethanol.
However, potentiation of ethanol's effects may simply be caused by competition for the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes with co-administered Butane-1,4-diol.

The shared metabolic rate-limiting steps thus leads to slowed metabolism and clearance for both compounds including ethanol's known toxic metabolite acetaldehyde
Another study found no effect following intracerebroventricular injection of Butane-1,4-diol in rats.
This contradicts the hypothesis of Butane-1,4-diol having inherent alcohol-like pharmacological effects.

Butane-1,4-diol is safe only in small amounts.
Adverse effects in higher doses include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation, vertigo, and potentially death if ingested in large amounts.
Anxiolytic effects are diminished and side effects increased when used in combination with alcohol.

Butane-1,4-diol is produced from sugars derived from the hydrolysis of starch, glucose syrup.
Butane-1,4-diol is produced through a single-step fermentation by a metabolically engineered strain of E.coli type bacteria.
Butane-1,4-diol intermediate is a versatile diol precursor to numerous derivatives such as esters, carbamates, polyesters and urethanes.

Butane-1,4-diol is used mainly as a co-monomer in classical diol-condensation reactions with terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), with diisocyanates to produce polyurethanes and with diacids to yield polyesters with biodegradability characteristics.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16℃) with a high boiling point (230℃), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).
Butane-1,4-diol is a versatile liquid diol intermediate with reactive primary hydroxyl functionality and a linear structure that lends itself to formulating polyurethane elastomers with a superior balance of properties and cost.

Butane-1,4-diol is an industrial chemical, and is illicitly used as a substitute to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB).
Butane-1,4-diol and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are structurally similar to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and there is evidence to confirm that GBL and BD are converted to GHB after oral administration.

Butane-1,4-diol abuse became popular among teens and young adults at dance clubs and “raves” in the 1990s, and gained notoriety as a date rape drug.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless, viscous liquid.

Butane-1,4-diol is a non-corrosive, colorless, high boiling liquid with a low order of toxicity.
Butane-1,4-diol is completely soluble in water, most alcohols, esters, ketones, glycol ethers and acetates, but may be immiscible or partially miscible in common aliphatic and aromatic/chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Butane-1,4-diol is produced by Lyondell Chemical Company in a proprietary, multi-step reaction from propylene oxide.

Butane-1,4-diol is a versatile chemical intermediate because of its terminal, primary hydroxyl groups and its hydrophobic and chemical resistant nature.
Production of Butane-1,4-diol occurs in a reactor where high-pressure hydrogen is injected into a feedstock chemical stream to produce Butane-1,4-diol.
Within the reactor system, a set of high-pressure process pumps continuously recycle the Butane-1,4-diol reactor fluid.

With large quantities of gas being injected and consumed in the reactor process, the Butane-1,4-diol recycle pumps face challenging conditions.
Polymers produced upon reaction with diacids or diisocyanates are the basis for many commercial polyurethane and polyester applications.
Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.

The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butane-1,4-diol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: e.g. with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.
Butane-1,4-diol has a role as a neurotoxin, a protic solvent and a prodrug. It is a butanediol and a glycol.
Butane-1,4-diol has the molecular formula C4H10O2 and the molecular weight 90.12 g/mol.

Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless, viscous liquid derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of its molecular chain and is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butane-1,4-diol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: for example with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.
Butane-1,4-diol is a high-quality intermediate.

BDO and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers.
Butane-1,4-diol, often abbreviated as BDO, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless and odorless liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.

Butane-1,4-diol belongs to a class of compounds known as diols or glycols, which are characterized by having two hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbon atoms in their chemical structure.
Additionally Butane-1,4-diol is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.

BASF is the most significant producer of Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives worldwide.
Butane-1,4-diol, not to be confused with 1,3 butanediol, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Butane-1,4-diol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.

Melting point: 16 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 230 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.017 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Flash point: 135 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
pka: 14.73±0.10(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
PH: 7-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Viscosity: 83.2mm2/s
explosive limit: 1.95-18.3%(V)
Water Solubility: Miscible
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1633445
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, mineral acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
InChIKey:WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.88 at 25℃

In addition, Butane-1,4-diol itself serves as a solvent as well as a plasticizer, a humectant, a carrier fluid for ultrasonic applications, and as an additive in lubricants.
Processing techniques that maximize the efficacy of raw materials through the usage of technologies such as fermentation is actively underway.
Butane-1,4-diol is a key component in the production of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU) plastics.

In PU production, Butane-1,4-diol is reacted with diisocyanates to form polyurethane polymers used in foam, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the textile industry to produce spandex fibers, which are known for their elasticity and stretch.
Butane-1,4-diol serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and butanediol dimethacrylate (BDDMA).

Apart from its role in polymer formation, Butane-1,4-diol can undergo various chemical reactions, such as esterification and etherification, to produce derivatives with specific properties for different applications.
Due to its potential for conversion into GHB in the body when ingested, the misuse of Butane-1,4-diol as a recreational drug is a significant safety concern.

Butane-1,4-diol is a central nervous system depressant and can lead to serious health risks, including overdose and addiction.
As a result, many countries and regions have implemented strict controls and regulations on the sale and possession of Butane-1,4-diol.
The regulatory status of Butane-1,4-diol can vary by jurisdiction.

In some places, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for misuse, while in others, it may be subject to industrial regulations.
In industrial settings, where proper safety measures are followed, exposure to Butane-1,4-diol is generally controlled to minimize health risks.
However, inhalation or skin contact with this chemical can still lead to irritation, and safety precautions should be followed to prevent exposure.

The environmental impact of Butane-1,4-diol largely depends on its usage and disposal.
Butane-1,4-diol can be used as a solvent for various applications, such as cleaning agents and paint strippers.
In the production of polyurethane foams, Butane-1,4-diol is often reacted with diisocyanates to form the polyurethane matrix.

This process allows for the creation of foams with different properties, such as flexible foams used in upholstery and mattresses or rigid foams used in insulation.
Butane-1,4-diol is a crucial component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are known for their exceptional elasticity and stretch.
Butane-1,4-diol of the highest quality - from a reliable partner who will also meet your requirements in the long term.

The liquid can be delivered promptly in drums with a capacity of 200 kg or loose in iso containers and road tankers.
Butane-1,4-diol is an important industrial material that can be used as a food additive and a flavoring agent such as Acetoin and Diacetyl, plasticizers for thermosetting polymeric materials, and precursors of polyurethanes used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
In particular, Butane-1,4-diol can be applied as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care materials.

In the case of raw cosmetics materials or personal care products, Butane-1,4-diol assists in the development of natural ingredients rather than chemical synthesis.
Gas can become entrained and loss of liquid in the pump end becomes a primary concern.
In industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form Butane-1,4-diol.

Hydrogenation of Butanedi[2]ol (BDO) gives butane-1,4-diol.
Butane-1,4-diol is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated.
Other routes are from Butane-1,4-diol, allyl acetate and succinic acid.

A biological route to Butane-1,4-diol has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism.
Butane-1,4-diol is rapidly converted into gamma-hydroxybutyric acid by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and differing levels of these enzymes may account for differences in effects and side effects between users.
While co-administration of ethanol and GHB already poses serious risks, co-administration of ethanol with Butane-1,4-diol will interact considerably and has many other otential risks.

This is because the same enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing alcohol also metabolize Butane-1,4-diol so there is a strong chance of a dangerous drug interaction.
Emergency room patients who overdose on both ethanol and Butane-1,4-diol often present with symptoms of alcohol intoxication initially and as the ethanol is metabolized the Butane-1,4-diol is then able to better compete for the enzyme and a second period of intoxication ensues as the Butane-1,4-diol is converted into GHB.
While Butane-1,4-diol is not currently scheduled federally in the United States, a number of states have classified Butane-1,4-diol as a controlled substance.

Individuals have been prosecuted for possession of Butane-1,4-diol under the Federal Analog Act as substantially similar to GHB.
A federal case in New York in 2002 ruled that Butane-1,4-diol could not be considered an analog of GHB under federal law, but that decision was later overturned by the Second Circuit.
A jury in Federal District Court in Chicago found that Butane-1,4-diol was not an analog of GHB under federal law, which was not disputed on the case's appeal to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, however this finding did not affect the outcome of the case.

In the United Kingdom, Butane-1,4-diol was scheduled in December 2009 (along with another GHB precursor, gamma-butyrolactone) as a Class C controlled substance.
In Germany, the drug is not explicitly illegal, but might also be treated as illegal if used as a drug.
Butane-1,4-diol is controlled as a Schedule VI precursor in Canada.

Butane-1,4-diol finds applications in tetrahydrofuran, polyurethane and polybutylene terephthalate resins production (major application spheres) among others Butane-1,4-diol is traditionally produced from petrochemical-based sources; the recent trend in the industry is bio-BDO production (bio-butanediol from bio-succinic acid or from dextrose).
Asia Pacific dominates the world Butane-1,4-diol market both in terms of production and consumption global consumption of butanediol is predicted to increase at 4-4.5% per year polyurethane production is expected to be the fastest growing segment of global Butane-1,4-diol market, besides good demand from tetrahydrofuran and polybutylene terephthalate sectors will also stimulate the world butadiene market growth.
Butane-1,4-diol is an important starting material for the production of solvents such as γ-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran.

Uses:
Butane-1,4-diol is used as a raw material and intermediate product in numerous processes in the chemical industry.
Butane-1,4-diols ability to dissolve a wide range of substances makes it valuable in industrial processes.
Butane-1,4-diol is a key component in the synthesis of polyurethane, a versatile polymer used in the manufacture of foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.

Butane-1,4-diol is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs and medicines.
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including some perfumes, vitamins, and herbicides.
Butane-1,4-diol can be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skin creams, where it may act as a moisturizer or humectant.

One of the most significant applications of Butane-1,4-diol is in the production of polyurethane (PU) materials.
Butane-1,4-diol is used as a diol component in the synthesis of PU foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
PU is a versatile polymer known for its flexibility, durability, and insulation properties, making it valuable in various industries, including construction, automotive, and furniture.

Butane-1,4-diol is used in the production of engineering plastics, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
Butane-1,4-diol is used, among other things, for the production of polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates and polyesters.
Butane-1,4-diol serves as a solvent in the production of plastics, resins, and other chemicals.

Butane-1,4-diol is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "Liquid Fantasy", "One Four Bee" or "One Four B-D-O".
A few Federal Courts have stated that Butane-1,4-diol exerts effects similar to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a metabolic product of Butane-1,4-diol.
But other Federal courts have ruled that it is not.

Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the synthesis of epothilones, a new class of cancer drugs. Also used in the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide.

Butane-1,4-diol's largest use is within tetrahydrofuran (THF) production, used to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, which goes mainly into spandex fibers, urethane elastomers, and copolyester ethers.
Butane-1,4-diol is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.
Butane-1,4-diol is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.

Butane-1,4-diol undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.
Butane-1,4-diol acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).
Butane-1,4-diol finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.

Butane-1,4-diol is a solvent with good antimicrobial action.
These plastics find applications in automotive components, electrical connectors, and consumer goods due to their heat resistance and mechanical strength.
Butane-1,4-diol is a critical component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are highly elastic and used in textiles and clothing.
Spandex provides stretch and comfort in sportswear, swimwear, and undergarments.

Butane-1,4-diol serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of various other chemicals.
For example, it can be converted into gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), which is used as a solvent and precursor in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals.

Butane-1,4-diol can be used as a solvent in industrial and commercial applications.
Butane-1,4-diol is effective at dissolving a wide range of substances and is used in processes like paint stripping and cleaning.
Industrial coatings, including paints and varnishes, may contain Butane-1,4-diol to improve their performance characteristics, such as adhesion, flexibility, and durability.

Butane-1,4-diol is employed in the production of circuit boards and electrical insulation materials, where its properties contribute to the performance and reliability of electronic components.
In some wastewater treatment processes, Butane-1,4-diol can be used as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvent for removing pollutants or contaminants from water.
Butane-1,4-diol serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various chemicals, including plasticizers, lubricants, and specialty chemicals, used in different industrial applications.

In some formulations, Butane-1,4-diol can be incorporated into lubricants and hydraulic fluids to improve their viscosity and performance characteristics.
Research has explored the use of Butane-1,4-diol as a component in certain energy storage systems, such as redox flow batteries, due to its ability to store and release energy efficiently.
Butane-1,4-diol can be used in the formulation of certain pesticides and herbicides, as well as in the synthesis of agricultural chemicals.

Butane-1,4-diol is also used in laboratory settings and research applications as a versatile chemical reagent for various experimental and synthesis purposes.
Butane-1,4-diol can be employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
In some cosmetic and personal care products, Butane-1,4-diol may be used as a humectant or moisturizer to help retain moisture in the skin.

Butane-1,4-diol can participate in various chemical reactions, allowing for the synthesis of specialized chemicals for specific applications.
Butane-1,4-diol is used to produce polybutyleneterephthalate, a thermoplastic polyester;and in making tetrahydrofuran, butyrolactones,and polymeric plasticizers.
Butane-1,4-diol is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes.

In organic chemistry, Butane-1,4-diol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, it dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran.
Butane-1,4-diol enhances the preservative activity of parabens.

At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
It is used to synthesize Butane-1,4-diol diglycidyl ether which is then used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins.
In 2013, worldwide production was claimed to be billions of lbs (consistent with approximately one million metric tons).

Almost half of Butane-1,4-diol is dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran to make fibers such as Spandex.
Butane-1,4-diol and Bio-BDO are commonly used as solvent but also as building block in PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate), COPE (Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers), TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane), PU (Polyurethane), Resins, PTMEG : Spandex fibres (polyester + diisocyanate) and Copolyester for Hot Melt Adhesive.
Butane-1,4-diol is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, especially in the automotive and construction industries.

Butane-1,4-diol can enhance the adhesive properties and flexibility of these products.
In addition to its role in plastics and adhesives,
Butane-1,4-diol is used in automotive manufacturing for components such as bumpers, dashboards, and interior trims.

Butane-1,4-diols incorporation into various automotive materials helps improve their strength and durability.
Butane-1,4-diol may be used as a food additive in certain food products.
Butane-1,4-diol can also serve as a carrier for flavors and fragrances due to its neutral odor and taste.

Butane-1,4-diol also serves as a humectant and viscosity controller, and to mask odor.
Butane-1,4-diol is also used as a plasticiser (e.g. in polyesters and cellulosics), as a carrier solvent in printing ink, a cleaning agent, an adhesive (in leather, plastics, polyester laminates and polyurethane footwear), in agricultural and veterinary chemicals and in coatings (in paints, varnishes and films).
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the formulation of industrial cleaning products and degreasers.

Safety Profile:
Butane-1,4-diol has a flash point, which is the lowest temperature at which it can ignite if exposed to an open flame or spark.
Therefore, it should be stored and handled away from open flames, sparks, and other potential ignition sources.
Butane-1,4-diol can cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact.

Butane-1,4-diol is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling BDO to prevent skin or eye contact.
Incompatible with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Safety and Regulation: While Butane-1,4-diol has many industrial uses.

Butane-1,4-diol is considered a hazardous chemical, and its handling and transportation are subject to regulations and safety precautions.
In addition, Butane-1,4-diol should not be confused with substances like gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a recreational drug and illegal in many places.
Butane-1,4-diol is essential to handle it with care.

Butane-1,4-diol a human poison by an unspecified route.
Moderately toxic byingestion and intraperitoneal routes.

Synonyms:
1,4-BUTANEDIOL
Butane-1,4-diol
110-63-4
Tetramethylene glycol
1,4-Butylene glycol
1,4-Dihydroxybutane
1,4-Tetramethylene glycol
Tetramethylene 1,4-diol
Sucol B
DIOL 14B
1,4-BD
Agrisynth B1D
HO(CH2)4OH
CCRIS 5984
NSC 406696
HSDB 1112
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH
UNII-7XOO2LE6G3
EINECS 203-786-5
7XOO2LE6G3
BRN 1633445
1,4 butylene glycol
DTXSID2024666
CHEBI:41189
AI3-07553
NSC-406696
DTXCID804666
EC 203-786-5
4-01-00-02515 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BDO
Dabco DBO
BU1
CAS-110-63-4
MFCD00002968
Dihydroxybutane
4-hydroxybutanol
1,4butanediol
1.4-butanediol
Dabco BDO
1,4-butandiol
1,4-butane diol
1,4-butane-diol
butane 1,4-diol
butane diol-1,4
butane-1-4-diol
1,4- butandiol
Butan-1.4-diol
1.4 - butanediol
1,4-Butanediol, 99%
WLN: Q4Q
MLS001061198
CHEMBL171623
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [MI]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [HSDB]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [INCI]
HMS3039N12
Tox21_202245
Tox21_303040
NSC406696
STL283940
AKOS000118735
1,4-Butanediol, for synthesis, 98%
CS-W016669
DB01955
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00090733-01
NCGC00090733-02
NCGC00257119-01
NCGC00259794-01
BP-21418
SMR000677930
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
B0680
FT-0606811
F71206
1,4-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Q161521
J-503971
J-512798
F0001-0222
InChI=1/C4H10O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,1-4H
732189-03-6

Butane-1,4-diol is a butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group.
A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16℃) with a high boiling point (230℃), Butane-1,4-diol is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).
Butane-1,4-diol has a role as a neurotoxin, a protic solvent and a prodrug.

CAS: 110-63-4
MF: C4H10O2
MW: 90.12
EINECS: 203-786-5

Butane-1,4-diol is a butanediol and a glycol.Odorless colorless liquid or solid (depending upon temperature).
Butane-1,4-diol, not to be confused with 1,3 butanediol, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless viscous liquid.
Butane-1,4-diol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
Butane-1,4-diol is a carbonyl group with a molecular formula of C4H10O2.
Butane-1,4-diol has a carboxylic acid functional group and two hydroxyl groups.
Butane-1,4-diol has an average diameter of 112.0 pm and a boiling point of 98 °C at standard pressure.

The reaction products from the hydrolysis of Butane-1,4-diol are formaldehyde, hydrogen fluoride, and trifluoroacetic acid.
The efficient method for synthesizing Butane-1,4-diol is by reacting trifluoroacetic acid with formaldehyde and hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst such as titanium tetrachloride.

The particle size of Butane-1,4-diol can be controlled by thermal treatment or by reacting it with particles such as silica gel or calcium carbonate.
Butane-1,4-diol tastes bitter.
Can be miscible with water, soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in ether.
Solely solidified in the coolant to form colorless needle-like crystals, react with dilute nitric acid to form succinic acid, and produce precipitation when encountering potassium carbonate solution.

Synthesis
In industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form Butane-1,4-diol.
Hydrogenation of butyne-1,4-diol gives butane-1,4-diol.
Butane-1,4-diol is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated.
Other routes are from Butane-1,4-diol, allyl acetate and succinic acid.
A biological route to Butane-1,4-diol has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism.
The biosynthesis proceeds via 4-hydroxybutyrate.

Butane-1,4-diol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 16 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 230 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.017 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 3.1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: <0.1 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Fp: 135 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
pka: 14.73±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
PH: 7-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Explosive limit: 1.95-18.3%(V)
Water Solubility: Miscible
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1633445
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, mineral acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
InChIKey: WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.88 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-63-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Butane-1,4-diol (110-63-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Butane-1,4-diol (110-63-4)

Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless, viscous liquid derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of its molecular chain and is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butane-1,4-diol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: for example with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.
Butane-1,4-diol is a high-quality intermediate.
Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers.
Additionally Butane-1,4-diol is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
BASF is the most significant producer of Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives worldwide.

Uses
Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the synthesis of epothilones, a new class of cancer drugs.
Also used in the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide.
Butane-1,4-diol's largest use is within tetrahydrofuran (THF) production, used to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, which goes mainly into spandex fibers, urethane elastomers, and copolyester ethers.

Butane-1,4-diol is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.
Butane-1,4-diol is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.
Butane-1,4-diol undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.
Butane-1,4-diol acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).

Butane-1,4-diol finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.
Butane-1,4-diol is also used as a plasticiser (e.g. in polyesters and cellulosics), as a carrier solvent in printing ink, a cleaning agent, an adhesive (in leather, plastics, polyester laminates and polyurethane footwear), in agricultural and veterinary chemicals and in coatings (in paints, varnishes and films).

Butane-1,4-diol is a solvent with good antimicrobial action.
Butane-1,4-diol enhances the preservative activity of parabens.
Butane-1,4-diol also serves as a humectant and viscosity controller, and to mask odor.
Butane-1,4-diol is used to produce polybutyleneterephthalate, a thermoplastic polyester;and in making tetrahydrofuran, butyrolactones,and polymeric plasticizers.

Industrial use
Butane-1,4-diol is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes.
In organic chemistry, Butane-1,4-diol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, Butane-1,4-diol dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran.
At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
Butane-1,4-diol is used to synthesize 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether which is then used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins.

World production of Butane-1,4-diol was claimed to be about one million metric tons per year and market price is about US$ 2,000 (€ 1,600) per ton (2005).
In 2013, worldwide production was claimed to be billions of lbs (consistent with approximately one million metric tons).
Almost half of Butane-1,4-diol is dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran to make fibers such as Spandex.

Production Methods
Methods of manufacturing:
The most prevalent Butane-1,4-diol production route worldwide is BASF's Reppe process, which reacts acetylene and formaldehyde.
Acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form 1,4-butynediol, also known as but-2-yne- 1,4-diol.
Hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol gives 1,4-butanediol. 1,4-BD is also made on a large industrial scale by continuous hydrogenation of the 2-butyne- 1,4-diol over modified nickel catalysts.
The one-stage flow process is carried out at 80 - 160 deg C and 300 bar.
Mitsubishi uses a three-step process:
(1) the catalytic reaction of butadiene and acetic acid yields 1,4-diacetoxy-2-butene;
(2) subsequent hydrogenation gives 1,4-diacetoxybutane; and
(3) hydrolysis leads to 1,4-butanediol.

Reactivity Profile
Butane-1,4-diol is heat and light sensitive.
Butane-1,4-diol reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates; reacts with oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
Butane-1,4-diol is incompatible with isocyanates and acids; also incompatible with peroxides, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, caustics, acetaldehyde, nitrogen peroxide and chlorine.

Health Hazard
The acute toxic effects are mild.
Butane-1,4-diol is less toxic than its unsaturate analogs,butenediol and the butynediol.
The oral LD50 value in white rats and guinea pigsis ~2 mL/kg.
The toxic symptoms fromingestion may include excitement, depressionof the central nervous system, nausea, anddrowsiness.
Ingestion of large amounts needed to produce any symptoms.

Synonyms
1,4-BUTANEDIOL
Butane-1,4-diol
110-63-4
1,4-Butylene glycol
Tetramethylene glycol
1,4-Dihydroxybutane
1,4-Tetramethylene glycol
Tetramethylene 1,4-diol
Sucol B
DIOL 14B
1,4-BD
Agrisynth B1D
HO(CH2)4OH
CCRIS 5984
NSC 406696
HSDB 1112
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH
UNII-7XOO2LE6G3
Dabco DBO
EINECS 203-786-5
7XOO2LE6G3
BRN 1633445
1,4 butylene glycol
DTXSID2024666
CHEBI:41189
AI3-07553
NSC-406696
DTXCID804666
EC 203-786-5
4-01-00-02515 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BDO
BU1
CAS-110-63-4
MFCD00002968
butilenglicol
Dihydroxybutane
4-hydroxybutanol
1,4butanediol
1,4-butanodiol
1.4-butanediol
Dabco BDO
1,4-butandiol
14-dihydroxybutane
glicol tetrametileno
1,4-butane diol
1,4-butane-diol
1,4-butilenglicol
butane 1,4-diol
butane diol-1,4
butane-1-4-diol
1,4- butandiol
butan-1,4-diol
14-Butylene glycol
Butan-1.4-diol
Vibracure A 250
1 4-Dihydroxybutane
1,4-Dihidroxibutano
1.4 - butanediol
1 4-Butylene glycol
BDO (CHRIS Code)
Butanediol (1,4-)
tetrametileno 1,4-diol
C(CO)CCO
Tetramethylene 1 4-diol
1,4-glicol tetrametileno
1 4-Tetramethylene glycol
D0O6SI
1,4-Butanediol, 99%
WLN: Q4Q
MLS001061198
CHEMBL171623
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [MI]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [HSDB]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [INCI]
1 4BD
HMS3039N12
Tox21_202245
Tox21_303040
LS-512
NSC406696
STL283940
AKOS000118735
1,4-Butanediol, for synthesis, 98%
CS-W016669
DB01955
ZM 0025
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00090733-01
NCGC00090733-02
NCGC00257119-01
NCGC00259794-01
BP-21418
SMR000677930
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
B0680
FT-0606811
F71206
1,4-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Q161521
J-503971
J-512798
Butanediol, 1,4-; (1,4-Tetramethylene glycol; TMA)
F0001-0222
28324-25-6
732189-03-6

Butanediol (BDO), not to be confused with 1,3 butanediol, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless viscous liquid.
Butanediol (BDO) is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.

CAS Number: 110-63-4
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Molecular Weight: 90.12
EINECS Number: 203-786-5

Butanediol (BDO), often abbreviated as BDO, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
Butanediol (BDO) belongs to a class of compounds known as diols or glycols, which are characterized by having two hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbon atoms in their chemical structure.

Butanediol (BDO) is a Butane-1,4-diol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16℃) with a high boiling point (230℃), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).
Butanediol (BDO) has a role as a neurotoxin, a protic solvent and a prodrug. It is a butanediol and a glycol.

Butanediol (BDO) has the molecular formula C4H10O2 and the molecular weight 90.12 g/mol. It is a colorless, viscous liquid.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless, viscous liquid derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of its molecular chain and is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butanediol (BDO) reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: for example with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.

Butanediol (BDO) is a high-quality intermediate. BDO and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers.
Additionally Butanediol (BDO) is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
BASF is the most significant producer of Butanediol (BDO) and its derivatives worldwide.

Butanediol (BDO) is a versatile liquid diol intermediate with reactive primary hydroxyl functionality and a linear structure that lends itself to formulating polyurethane elastomers with a superior balance of properties and cost.
Butanediol (BDO) is an industrial chemical, and is illicitly used as a substitute to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB).
Butanediol (BDO) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are structurally similar to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and there is evidence to confirm that GBL and BD are converted to GHB after oral administration.

Butanediol (BDO) abuse became popular among teens and young adults at dance clubs and “raves” in the 1990s, and gained notoriety as a date rape drug.
Butanediol (BDO) is a non-corrosive, colorless, high boiling liquid with a low order of toxicity.
Butanediol (BDO) is completely soluble in water, most alcohols, esters, ketones, glycol ethers and acetates, but may be immiscible or partially miscible in common aliphatic and aromatic/chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Butanediol (BDO) is produced by Lyondell Chemical Company in a proprietary, multi-step reaction from propylene oxide.
Butanediol (BDO) is a versatile chemical intermediate because of its terminal, primary hydroxyl groups and its hydrophobic and chemical resistant nature.
Polymers produced upon reaction with diacids or diisocyanates are the basis for many commercial polyurethane and polyester applications.

Butanediol (BDO) and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butanediol (BDO) reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: e.g. with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.

Butanediol (BDO) is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
Butanediol (BDO) is heat and light sensitive. 1,4-Butanediol reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates; reacts with oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
Butanediol (BDO) is incompatible with isocyanates and acids; also incompatible with peroxides, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, caustics, acetaldehyde, nitrogen peroxide and chlorine.

Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless viscous liquid diol that can be obtained by 4 different processes.
The first one is the Reppe process which consist of the reaction between the acetylene and the formaldehyde.
In 1930, the Butanediol (BDO)) synthesis has evolved to the developments of the second process, the Davy Process which is producing BDO from maleic anhydride / succinic acid.

The third process is the LyondellBassell process that allows use of BDO from Propylene Oxide.
The last one is the Geminox Process-BP chemicals using BDO from Butane.
Butanediol (BDO) can be produced through various chemical processes, including the catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or the oxidation of tetrahydrofuran (THF).

These processes yield Butanediol (BDO) as one of the products.
Butanediol (BDO) seems to have two types of pharmacological actions.
The major psychoactive effects of Butanediol (BDO) are because it is metabolized into GHB; however there is a study suggesting that Butanediol (BDO) may have potential alcohol-like pharmacological effects on its own.

The study arrived at this conclusion based on the finding that Butanediol (BDO) coadministered with ethanol led to potentiation of some of the behavioral effects of ethanol.
However, potentiation of ethanol's effects may simply be caused by competition for the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes with co-administered Butanediol (BDO).
The shared metabolic rate-limiting steps thus leads to slowed metabolism and clearance for both compounds including ethanol's known toxic metabolite acetaldehyde.

Another study found no effect following intracerebroventricular injection of Butanediol (BDO) in rats.
This contradicts the hypothesis of Butanediol (BDO) having inherent alcohol-like pharmacological effects.
Butanediol (BDO) is safe only in small amounts.

Adverse effects in higher doses include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation, vertigo, and potentially death if ingested in large amounts.
Anxiolytic effects are diminished and side effects increased when used in combination with alcohol.
Butanediol (BDO) is produced from sugars derived from the hydrolysis of starch, glucose syrup.

Butanediol (BDO) is produced through a single-step fermentation by a metabolically engineered strain of E.coli type bacteria.
Butanediol (BDO) intermediate is a versatile diol precursor to numerous derivatives such as esters, carbamates, polyesters and urethanes.
Butanediol (BDO) is used mainly as a co-monomer in classical diol-condensation reactions with terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), with diisocyanates to produce polyurethanes and with diacids to yield polyesters with biodegradability characteristics.

Butanediol (BDO) is also used as an intermediate to make polyurethane that is used in auto bumpers and dash boards.
Butanediol (BDO) intermediate’s reactive sites are its hydroxyl groups, which undergo all the typical reactions of alcohols.
In addition to the condensation reactions noted above, it can be converted to simple esters and halides, dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dehydrogenated to gamma-butyrolactone.

Butanediol (BDO) is produced by hydroformylation of allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is then followed by hydrogenation.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless liquid with high boiling point and low toxicity.
Butanediol (BDO) is an organic compound belonging to the divalent alcohols.

Butanediol (BDO) is of great industrial importance as a starting material for numerous chemical synthesis processes and for the production of plastics.
Large amounts of the substance are obtained in a two-stage process from formaldehyde and acetylene with subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate Butanediol (BDO).
In addition, there are processes based on propene and maleic anhydride.

Manufacturing processes based on the fermentation of renewable raw materials are also gradually gaining in importance.
Butanediol (BDO), also termed as 1,4-butylene glycol or butane-1,4-diol, is an organic compound that is primarily utilized in the production of plastics, fibers, and solvents.
Butanediol (BDO) is a versatile chemical intermediate that possesses excellent durability, strength and thermal stability.

Butanediol (BDO) has a wide application scope in several end-use industries including footwear, electronics, automotive and packaging among others.
Butanediol (BDO) is most commonly used to produce tetrahydrofuran (THF), an extremely flammable, colorless liquid employed as an intermediate in polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) production.
This is then further processed to yield the highly popular apparel fiber - spandex, which is used in medical, automotive & sports applications.

Melting point: 16 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 230 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.017 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Flash point: 135 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
pka: 14.73±0.10(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
PH: 7-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Viscosity: 83.2mm2/s
explosive limit: 1.95-18.3%(V)
Water Solubility: Miscible
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1633445
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, mineral acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
InChIKey:WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.88 at 25℃

Production of Butanediol (BDO) occurs in a reactor where high-pressure hydrogen is injected into a feedstock chemical stream to produce Butanediol (BDO).
Within the reactor system, a set of high-pressure process pumps continuously recycle the Butanediol (BDO) reactor fluid.
With large quantities of gas being injected and consumed in the reactor process, the Butanediol (BDO) recycle pumps face challenging conditions.

Gas can become entrained and loss of liquid in the pump end becomes a primary concern.
In industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form Butanediol (BDO).
Hydrogenation of Butanediol (BDO) gives butane-1,4-diol.

Butanediol (BDO) is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated.
Other routes are from Butanediol (BDO), allyl acetate and succinic acid.
A biological route to Butanediol (BDO) has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism.

Butanediol (BDO) is rapidly converted into gamma-hydroxybutyric acid by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and differing levels of these enzymes may account for differences in effects and side effects between users.
While co-administration of ethanol and GHB already poses serious risks, co-administration of ethanol with Butanediol (BDO) will interact considerably and has many other potential risks.
This is because the same enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing alcohol also metabolize Butanediol (BDO) so there is a strong chance of a dangerous drug interaction.

Emergency room patients who overdose on both ethanol and Butanediol (BDO) often present with symptoms of alcohol intoxication initially and as the ethanol is metabolized the Butanediol (BDO) is then able to better compete for the enzyme and a second period of intoxication ensues as the Butanediol (BDO) is converted into GHB.
While Butanediol (BDO) is not currently scheduled federally in the United States, a number of states have classified Butanediol (BDO) as a controlled substance.
Individuals have been prosecuted for possession of Butanediol (BDO) under the Federal Analog Act as substantially similar to GHB.

A federal case in New York in 2002 ruled that Butanediol (BDO) could not be considered an analog of GHB under federal law, but that decision was later overturned by the Second Circuit.
A jury in Federal District Court in Chicago found that Butanediol (BDO) was not an analog of GHB under federal law, which was not disputed on the case's appeal to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, however this finding did not affect the outcome of the case.
In the United Kingdom, Butanediol (BDO) was scheduled in December 2009 (along with another GHB precursor, gamma-butyrolactone) as a Class C controlled substance.

In Germany, the drug is not explicitly illegal, but might also be treated as illegal if used as a drug.
Butanediol (BDO) is controlled as a Schedule VI precursor in Canada.
Butanediol (BDO) finds applications in tetrahydrofuran, polyurethane and polybutylene terephthalate resins production (major application spheres) among others Butanediol (BDO) is traditionally produced from petrochemical-based sources; the recent trend in the industry is bio-BDO production (bio-butanediol from bio-succinic acid or from dextrose).

Asia Pacific dominates the world Butanediol (BDO) market both in terms of production and consumption global consumption of butanediol is predicted to increase at 4-4.5% per year polyurethane production is expected to be the fastest growing segment of global Butanediol (BDO) market, besides good demand from tetrahydrofuran and polybutylene terephthalate sectors will also stimulate the world butadiene market growth.
Butanediol (BDO) is an important starting material for the production of solvents such as γ-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran.

In addition, Butanediol (BDO) itself serves as a solvent as well as a plasticizer, a humectant, a carrier fluid for ultrasonic applications, and as an additive in lubricants.
Butanediol (BDO) of the highest quality - from a reliable partner who will also meet your requirements in the long term.
The liquid can be delivered promptly in drums with a capacity of 200 kg or loose in iso containers and road tankers.

Butanediol (BDO) is an important industrial material that can be used as a food additive and a flavoring agent such as Acetoin and Diacetyl, plasticizers for thermosetting polymeric materials, and precursors of polyurethanes used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
In particular, Butanediol (BDO) can be applied as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care materials.
In the case of raw cosmetics materials or personal care products, Butanediol (BDO) assists in the development of natural ingredients rather than chemical synthesis.

Processing techniques that maximize the efficacy of raw materials through the usage of technologies such as fermentation is actively underway.
Butanediol (BDO) is a key component in the production of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU) plastics.
In PU production, Butanediol (BDO) is reacted with diisocyanates to form polyurethane polymers used in foam, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.

Butanediol (BDO) is used in the textile industry to produce spandex fibers, which are known for their elasticity and stretch.
Butanediol (BDO) serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and butanediol dimethacrylate (BDDMA).
Butanediol (BDO) can be used as a solvent for various applications, such as cleaning agents and paint strippers.

In the production of polyurethane foams, Butanediol (BDO) is often reacted with diisocyanates to form the polyurethane matrix.
This process allows for the creation of foams with different properties, such as flexible foams used in upholstery and mattresses or rigid foams used in insulation.
Butanediol (BDO) is a crucial component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are known for their exceptional elasticity and stretch.

Apart from its role in polymer formation, Butanediol (BDO) can undergo various chemical reactions, such as esterification and etherification, to produce derivatives with specific properties for different applications.
Due to its potential for conversion into GHB in the body when ingested, the misuse of Butanediol (BDO) as a recreational drug is a significant safety concern.
Butanediol (BDO) is a central nervous system depressant and can lead to serious health risks, including overdose and addiction.

As a result, many countries and regions have implemented strict controls and regulations on the sale and possession of Butanediol (BDO).
The regulatory status of Butanediol (BDO) can vary by jurisdiction.
In some places, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for misuse, while in others, it may be subject to industrial regulations.

In industrial settings, where proper safety measures are followed, exposure to Butanediol (BDO) is generally controlled to minimize health risks.
However, inhalation or skin contact with this chemical can still lead to irritation, and safety precautions should be followed to prevent exposure.
The environmental impact of Butanediol (BDO) largely depends on its usage and disposal.

Uses:
Butanediol (BDO) is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "Liquid Fantasy", "One Four Bee" or "One Four B-D-O".
A few Federal Courts have stated that Butanediol (BDO) exerts effects similar to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a metabolic product of Butanediol (BDO).
But other Federal courts have ruled that it is not.

Butanediol (BDO) and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
Butanediol (BDO) is used in the synthesis of epothilones, a new class of cancer drugs. Also used in the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide.
Butanediol (BDO)'s largest use is within tetrahydrofuran (THF) production, used to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, which goes mainly into spandex fibers, urethane elastomers, and copolyester ethers.

Butanediol (BDO) is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.
Butanediol (BDO) is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.
Butanediol (BDO) undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.

Butanediol (BDO) acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).
Butanediol (BDO) finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.
Butanediol (BDO) is also used as a plasticiser (e.g. in polyesters and cellulosics), as a carrier solvent in printing ink, a cleaning agent, an adhesive (in leather, plastics, polyester laminates and polyurethane footwear), in agricultural and veterinary chemicals and in coatings (in paints, varnishes and films).

Butanediol (BDO) is a solvent with good antimicrobial action.
Butanediol (BDO) enhances the preservative activity of parabens.
Butanediol (BDO) also serves as a humectant and viscosity controller, and to mask odor.

Butanediol (BDO) is used as a raw material and intermediate product in numerous processes in the chemical industry.
Butanediol (BDO) is used, among other things, for the production of polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates and polyesters.
Butanediol (BDO) serves as a solvent in the production of plastics, resins, and other chemicals.

Butanediol (BDO)s ability to dissolve a wide range of substances makes it valuable in industrial processes.
Butanediol (BDO) is a key component in the synthesis of polyurethane, a versatile polymer used in the manufacture of foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
Butanediol (BDO) is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs and medicines.

Butanediol (BDO) is used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including some perfumes, vitamins, and herbicides.
Butanediol (BDO) can be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skin creams, where it may act as a moisturizer or humectant.
One of the most significant applications of Butanediol (BDO) is in the production of polyurethane (PU) materials.

Butanediol (BDO) is used as a diol component in the synthesis of PU foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
PU is a versatile polymer known for its flexibility, durability, and insulation properties, making it valuable in various industries, including construction, automotive, and furniture.
Butanediol (BDO) is used in the production of engineering plastics, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).

These plastics find applications in automotive components, electrical connectors, and consumer goods due to their heat resistance and mechanical strength.
Butanediol (BDO) is a critical component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are highly elastic and used in textiles and clothing.
Spandex provides stretch and comfort in sportswear, swimwear, and undergarments.

Butanediol (BDO) serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of various other chemicals.
For example, it can be converted into gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), which is used as a solvent and precursor in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals.
Butanediol (BDO) can be used as a solvent in industrial and commercial applications.

Butanediol (BDO) is effective at dissolving a wide range of substances and is used in processes like paint stripping and cleaning.
Butanediol (BDO) can be employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
In some cosmetic and personal care products, Butanediol (BDO) may be used as a humectant or moisturizer to help retain moisture in the skin.

Butanediol (BDO) is used in the formulation of industrial cleaning products and degreasers.
Butanediol (BDO) can participate in various chemical reactions, allowing for the synthesis of specialized chemicals for specific applications.
Butanediol (BDO) is used to produce polybutyleneterephthalate, a thermoplastic polyester;and in making tetrahydrofuran, butyrolactones,and polymeric plasticizers.

Butanediol (BDO) is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes.
In organic chemistry, Butanediol (BDO) is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, it dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran.

At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
It is used to synthesize Butanediol (BDO) diglycidyl ether which is then used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins.
In 2013, worldwide production was claimed to be billions of lbs (consistent with approximately one million metric tons).

Almost half of Butanediol (BDO) is dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran to make fibers such as Spandex.
The largest producer is BASF.
Butanediol (BDO) and Bio-BDO are commonly used as solvent but also as building block in PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate), COPE (Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers), TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane), PU (Polyurethane), Resins, PTMEG : Spandex fibres (polyester + diisocyanate) and Copolyester for Hot Melt Adhesive.

Butanediol (BDO) is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, especially in the automotive and construction industries.
Butanediol (BDO) can enhance the adhesive properties and flexibility of these products.
In addition to its role in plastics and adhesives,
Butanediol (BDO) is used in automotive manufacturing for components such as bumpers, dashboards, and interior trims.

Butanediol (BDO)s incorporation into various automotive materials helps improve their strength and durability.
Butanediol (BDO) may be used as a food additive in certain food products.
Butanediol (BDO) can also serve as a carrier for flavors and fragrances due to its neutral odor and taste.

Industrial coatings, including paints and varnishes, may contain Butanediol (BDO) to improve their performance characteristics, such as adhesion, flexibility, and durability.
Butanediol (BDO) is employed in the production of circuit boards and electrical insulation materials, where its properties contribute to the performance and reliability of electronic components.

In some wastewater treatment processes, Butanediol (BDO) can be used as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvent for removing pollutants or contaminants from water.
Butanediol (BDO) serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various chemicals, including plasticizers, lubricants, and specialty chemicals, used in different industrial applications.

In some formulations, Butanediol (BDO) can be incorporated into lubricants and hydraulic fluids to improve their viscosity and performance characteristics.
Research has explored the use of Butanediol (BDO) as a component in certain energy storage systems, such as redox flow batteries, due to its ability to store and release energy efficiently.

Butanediol (BDO) can be used in the formulation of certain pesticides and herbicides, as well as in the synthesis of agricultural chemicals.
Butanediol (BDO) is also used in laboratory settings and research applications as a versatile chemical reagent for various experimental and synthesis purposes.

Safety Profile:
Butanediol (BDO) a human poison by an unspecified route.
Moderately toxic byingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
Human systemic effects: altered sleep time.

Incompatible with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Safety and Regulation: While Butanediol (BDO) has many industrial uses,
Butanediol (BDO) is essential to handle it with care.

Butanediol (BDO) is considered a hazardous chemical, and its handling and transportation are subject to regulations and safety precautions.
In addition, Butanediol (BDO) should not be confused with substances like gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a recreational drug and illegal in many places.

Synonyms:
1,4-BUTANEDIOL
Butane-1,4-diol
110-63-4
Tetramethylene glycol
1,4-Butylene glycol
1,4-Dihydroxybutane
1,4-Tetramethylene glycol
Tetramethylene 1,4-diol
Sucol B
DIOL 14B
1,4-BD
Agrisynth B1D
HO(CH2)4OH
CCRIS 5984
NSC 406696
HSDB 1112
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH
UNII-7XOO2LE6G3
EINECS 203-786-5
7XOO2LE6G3
BRN 1633445
1,4 butylene glycol
DTXSID2024666
CHEBI:41189
AI3-07553
NSC-406696
DTXCID804666
EC 203-786-5
4-01-00-02515 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BDO
Dabco DBO
BU1
CAS-110-63-4
MFCD00002968
Dihydroxybutane
4-hydroxybutanol
1,4butanediol
1.4-butanediol
Dabco BDO
1,4-butandiol
1,4-butane diol
1,4-butane-diol
butane 1,4-diol
butane diol-1,4
butane-1-4-diol
1,4- butandiol
Butan-1.4-diol
1.4 - butanediol
1,4-Butanediol, 99%
WLN: Q4Q
MLS001061198
CHEMBL171623
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [MI]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [HSDB]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [INCI]
HMS3039N12
Tox21_202245
Tox21_303040
NSC406696
STL283940
AKOS000118735
1,4-Butanediol, for synthesis, 98%
CS-W016669
DB01955
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00090733-01
NCGC00090733-02
NCGC00257119-01
NCGC00259794-01
BP-21418
SMR000677930
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
B0680
FT-0606811
F71206
1,4-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Q161521
J-503971
J-512798
F0001-0222
InChI=1/C4H10O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,1-4H
732189-03-6

TETRAMETHYLENE GLYCOL DIGLYCIDYL ETHER; ARALDITE RD-2;BUTANEDIOL-DGE; 1,4-DIGLYCIDYLOXYBUTANE; 1,4-DIHYDROXYBUTANE DIGLYCIDYL ETHER; 1,4-BIS(2,3-EPOXYPROPOXY)BUTANE; 1,4-BUTANEDIOL DIGLYCIDYL ETHER;(tetramethylenebis(oxymethylene))dioxirane cas no :2425-79-8

n-butyl alcohol; 1-Butyl alcohol; Butanolen; Butanol; Butan-1-ol; 1-Butan-1-ol; Butyl hydroxide; 1-Hydroxybutane; Methylolpropane; Propylcarbinol; Propylmethanol; Butylowy alkohol; Butyric alcohol; Propylmethanol; Nomal Butanol; cas no: 71-36-3

Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a clear colorless liquid with a musty odor.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a colorless liquid with a musty odor.


CAS Number: 96-29-7
EC Number: 202-496-6
MDL number: MFCD00013935
Molecular Formula: C4H9NO



SYNONYMS:
MEKO, 2-Butanone oxime, Butanone oxime, Ethyl methyl ketone oxime, Ethyl methyl ketoxime, MEK-oxime, Methyl ethyl ketoxime, Methyl ethyl ketone oxime, MEKO
MEK-oxime, 2-Butanone oxime, Butanone oxime, Ethyl methyl ketone oxime, Ethyl methyl ketoxime, MEK-oxime, Methyl ethyl ketone oxime, Skino #2, Troykyd anti-skin B, MEKO, UN1993, MEK-oxime, Butanone oxime, 2-BUTANONE OXIME, Troykyd anti-skin B, Ethyl methyl ketone oxime, Methyl ethyl ketone oxime, USAF AM-3, Ethyl methyl ketoxime, Methyl ethyl ketoxime, USAF EK-906, Ethyl-methylketonoxim, 2-Butanone, oxime, NSC 442, NSC-442, 51YGE935U9, 96-29-7, WLN: QNUY2&1, Skino #2, UNII-51YGE935U9, CCRIS 1382, HSDB 8043, 2-Isonitroso-butan, butan-2-one oxime, EINECS 202-496-6, BRN 1698241, (Z)-2-Butanone oxime, (2Z)-butan-2-one oxime, EC 202-496-6, 4-01-00-03250 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 2-butanone, oxime, (2Z)-, (2E)-N-hydroxybutan-2-imine, (EZ)-Methylethyl ketone oxime, NSC442, NSC65465, NSC-65465, 10341-59-0, Q5230000, Butanone oxime, Methyl ethyl ketone oxime, 2-BUTANONE OXIME, Ethyl methyl ketoxime, USAF EK-906, Ethyl-methylketonoxim, UNII-51YGE935U9, 2-Butanone, oxime, Methyl ethyl ketoxime, 51YGE935U9, Troykyd anti-skin B, Skino #2, USAF AM-3, WLN: QNUY2&1, CCRIS 1382, 96-29-7, NSC 442, EINECS 202-496-6, BRN 1698241



Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a clear colorless liquid with a musty odor.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a kind of oil-based coating antioxidant, used for anti-skinning treatment during the storage and transportation of a variety of oil-based paint, alkyd paint, epoxy ester paint and etc.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a colorless liquid with a musty odor.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is an essential chemical used as an anti-skinning agent in paints and lacquers, as a blocking-agent for isocyanate in polyurethanes, and in the manufacture of oxime silanes (that are used as crosslinkers for silicone sealants).
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a high production volume (HPV) chemical produced at over one million pounds annually.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a clear, and colorless.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is readily biodegradable and will not persist in the environment.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is the organic compound with the formula C2H5C(NOH)CH3.


This colourless liquid, Butanone oxime (MEKO), is the oxime derivative of methyl ethyl ketone.
In the world of chemicals, Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a versatile compound known for its unique properties and applications.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C5H11NO.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is categorised as an oxime Crosslinker for silicones and is characterised by its distinctive odour.
Butanone oxime (MEKO), also known as 2-butanone oxime or MEK-oxime, is the organic compound with the formula C2H5C(NOH)CH3.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is an industrial antioxidant used as an anti-skinning agent in paints and lacquers, as a blocking-agent for isocyanate in polyurethanes, and in the manufacture of oxime silanes (that are used as crosslinkers for silicone sealants).


The global Butanone oxime (MEKO) market is anticipated to expand positively at a CAGR of 4.8% during the forecast period (2022-2028), according to StrategyHelix.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is an essential chemical used as an anti-skinning agent in paints and lacquers, as a blocking-agent for isocyanate in polyurethanes, and in the manufacture of oxime silanes (that are used as crosslinkers for silicone sealants).


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical produced at over 1,000,000 pounds annually.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a clear, and colorless liquid.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is rapidly metabolized and eliminated from the body.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) does not cause harmful effects on reproduction or development.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is an essential chemical used as an anti-skinning agent in paints and lacquers, as a blocking-agent for isocyanate in polyurethanes, and in the manufacture of oxime silanes.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used as an anti-skinning agent in alkyd paints.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is also used as a blocking agent (urethane polymers) and a corrosion inhibitor (boilers).
Butanone oxime (MEKO) has been widely used in the coatings industry as an anti-skinning agent for alkyds


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is mainly used as an anti-skinning agent and viscidity stabilizer for alkyd resin coating.
As an anti-skinning agent, Butanone oxime (MEKO) is recommended to be added in the amount of 0.1-0.3% after a test to determine the best usage and dosage.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) of high purity can be used in the synthesis of silicone cross-linking agent, silicon curing agent and isocyanate sealant


Butanone oxime (MEKO) can be used in offset printing ink and other industries, and used as corrosion inhibitor in industrial boiler or water treatment system.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) can also be used as wood preservative and pharmaceutical intermediate for alum and magnesium removal and etc.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) can be used to produce high purity hydroxylamine sulfate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and etc.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following products: coating products.
Other release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following products: coating products.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used for the manufacture of: wood and wood products, pulp, paper and paper products, plastic products, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, machinery and vehicles and furniture.


Other release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following products: coating products and polymers.
Release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following products: coating products.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.


Release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a substance used to prevent the skinning of some solvent-borne paints in the container or prior to use.
Once the paint is applied to a surface, the Butanone oxime (MEKO) evaporates, thereby allowing the drying process to proceed.


Historically, Butanone oxime (MEKO) has been used by the industry for many years as it is a very effective anti-skinning agent.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a colourless to pale yellow liquid that is soluble in water and commonly used for its reactivity with compounds containing isocyanate groups.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) has several valuable applications across different industries.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is utilised in a variety of applications due to its unique properties.
Curing Agent: Some silicone sealants use Butanone oxime (MEKO) as a curing agent, aiding in the hardening and setting of the sealant.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used adhesives and sealant chemicals.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture.


Chemical property of MEKO which is useful in paint industry: Butanone oxime (MEKO) functions by binding the drying agents, metal salts that catalyze the oxidative crosslinking of drying oils.
Once the paint is applied to a surface, Butanone oxime (MEKO) evaporates, thereby allowing the drying process to proceed.


Other antiskinning agents have been used, including phenol-based antioxidants, but these tend to yellow the paint.
Butanone oxime (MEKO), as it is called in the paint industry, is used to suppress "skinning" of paints: the formation of a skin on paint before it is used.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is particularly used in alkyd paints.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) functions by binding the drying agents, metal salts that catalyze the oxidative crosslinking of drying oils.
Once the paint is applied to a surface, Butanone oxime (MEKO) evaporates, thereby allowing the drying process to proceed.
Other antiskinning agents have been used, including phenolic antioxidants (E.G butylated hydroxytoluene), but these tend to yellow the paint.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is also used in some types of RTV silicones.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) acts as a curing agent.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) offers outstanding water resistance and heat resistance.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is recommended for silicone based rubbers.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is colorless oily liquid.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is mainly used as glycerol-phthalic resin coating, anti-skining agent, silicon curing agent, and desoxidant of boiler water system.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is also used in the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane resin and organic synthesis.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is mainly used as glycerol-phthalic resin coating, anti-skining agent, silicon curing agent, and desoxidant of boiler water system.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane resin and organic synthesis.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is widely used as a protective, anti-skinning agent for paints and coatings.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is also suitable for use as a raw material to make hardeners for silicon rubber compounds and electrodeposition coatings.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is widely used in all kinds of Alkyd Resin paint(furniture paint and industry paint),PU paint, phenolic paint,roading marking paint, car paint, sealing paint for electroplating,epoxy resin paint and ink stocking process, to preventing it from skinning, and keep the stability of the viscosity.


-Anti-Skinning Agent uses of Butanone oxime (MEKO):
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is often used as an anti-skinning agent in coatings and paints.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) prevents the formation of a skin or surface film when the product is exposed to air, thus extending the shelf life of these materials.


-Crosslinking Agent uses of Butanone oxime (MEKO):
In the production of adhesives and sealants, Butanone oxime (MEKO) acts as a crosslinking agent.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) helps improve the durability and performance of these products.


-Inhibitor uses of Butanone oxime (MEKO):
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is employed as an inhibitor in industrial processes involving isocyanate compounds, such as the production of polyurethane foams.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) stabilizes these compounds, preventing premature reactions.



IN PAINT INDUSTRY, BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
Butanone oxime (MEKO), as it is called in the paint industry, is used to suppress “skinning” of paints: the formation of a skin on paint before it is used, hence is a popular anti-skinning agent.
Skinning is the biggest nuisance in protective coatings.

Skinning causes the avoidable waste of a costly coating material.
Paint containers are not always filled to the brim.
So air present in a void reacts with the paint, thereby causing oxidation and polymerization of the coating at the air/paint interface.
This results in formation of a solid skin during storage.

The lost of paint due to skinning is estimated to be as much as 3 to 5%.
This not only worries the consumers but also the manufacturers when it comes to filling of small containers.
The minute doze of an effective anti-skinning agent can alleviate the difficulty of skinning.



BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO) IS INCORPORATED INTO A RANGE OF PRODUCTS ACROSS DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES:
Some of the common products that may contain MEKO include:

*Paints and Coatings:
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is added to paints and coatings as an anti-skinning agent, ensuring the product remains usable over time.

*Adhesives and Sealants:
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used as a crosslinking agent in adhesives and sealants, enhancing their performance and durability.

*Polyurethane Foams:
In the production of polyurethane foams, Butanone oxime (MEKO) serves as an inhibitor to prevent premature reactions during processing.

*Silicone Sealants:
Certain silicone sealants use Butanone oxime (MEKO) as a curing agent to facilitate the hardening process.



THE FUTURE OF BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
Zero or No Meko Silicone is the new-generation Butanone oxime (MEKO)-free oxime.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is odourless, safer for users and environmentally friendly.
Its curing speed, adhesion, mechanical properties and more are comparable to those of conventional Butanone oxime (MEKO) silicones.



BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO) MARKET OVERVIEW:
The Butanone oxime (MEKO) Market size is expected to develop revenue and exponential market growth at a remarkable CAGR during the forecast period from 2023–2030.
The growth of the market can be attributed to the increasing demand for Butanone oxime (MEKO) owning to the Paints, Resins, Adhesives, Others Applications across the global level.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
Molecular Weight: 87.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 87.068413911 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 87.068413911 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 32.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 58.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS Number: 96-29-7
Molecular Weight: 87.12
Beilstein: 1698241
EC Number: 202-496-6
MDL number: MFCD00013935
Appearance: Colorless, clean, oily liquid
Purity: 99.5% min
pH Value: 7-8
Melting Point: -29.5°C

Boiling Range: 144-153°C
Refractive Index: 1.4410
Relative Vapour Density: 3.00
Specific Gravity: 0.78
Flash Point: 69°C
Physical state: Clear, liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -29.5°C (OECD Test Guideline 102)
Initial boiling point and boiling range:
59-60°C at 20 hPa (literature)
151-152°C at 1.013 hPa (literature)
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 61.97°C (closed cup)
Autoignition temperature: 314-317°C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: No data available
Dynamic viscosity: Approximately 15 mPa.s at 20°C
Water solubility: Approximately 100 g/l at 25°C
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Approximately log Pow: 0.63
Vapor pressure: Less than 10 hPa at 20°C
Density: 0.924 g/cm3 at 25°C (literature)
Relative density: 0.92 at 20°C
Relative vapor density: 3.01 (Air = 1.0)

Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Dissociation constant approximately 12.45 at 25°C,
Relative vapor 3.01 (Air = 1.0)
Melting point: -30°C
Boiling point: 59-60°C at 15 mm Hg (literature)
Density: 0.924 g/mL at 25°C (literature)
Vapor density: 3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: <8 mm Hg at 20°C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.442 (literature)
Flash point: 140°F

Solubility: Water soluble, 100g/L at 25°C
Form: Liquid
pKa: pK1: 12.45 (25°C)
Color: Clear colorless to pale yellow
Water Solubility: 114 g/L at 20°C
BRN: 1698241
Dielectric constant: 3.4 (20°C)
Stability: Stable
InChIKey: WHIVNJATOVLWBW-SNAWJCMRSA-N
LogP: 0.63 at 25°C
CAS DataBase Reference: 96-29-7 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 4
FDA UNII: 51YGE935U9
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Butanone, oxime (96-29-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Methyl ethyl ketoxime (96-29-7)





FIRST AID MEASURES of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
vice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water. Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A-(P3)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

buteth-2 acetate; acetic acid 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl ester ;( butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate; butylcarbitol acetate; butyldiglycol acetate ; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate cas no:124-17-4

Butyl Di Glycol (BDG); Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether; butoxydiglycol; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-; diethylene glycol butyl ether; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; butyl carbitol; butyldiglycol cas no:112-34-5

2-Butoxyethanol, Butyl Cellosolve ; ETHYLENEGLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER; 2-Butoxy ethanol; Butyl cellosolve; Dowanol EB; Butyl oxitol; Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether; n-Butyl Cellosolve; Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether; butoxyethanol; Beta-butoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol butyl ether; n-butoxyethanol; 2-butoxy-1-ethanol; o-butyl ethylene glycol; glycol ether eb acetate; monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol; monobutyl glycol ether; 3-oxa-1-heptanol; poly-solv eb; 2-n-Butoxyethanol; 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol; -Butossi-etanolo (Italian); 2-Butoxy-aethanol (GERMAN); Butoksyetylowy alkohol (Polish); Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol (Spanish); Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol (French); cas no:11-76-2

Butyl Glycol Acetate; 2-butoxyethyl acetate; ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate; acetic acid, 2-butoxyethyl ester; 1- acetoxy-2-butoxyethane; butyl glycol acetate; butylcellosolve acetate; ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate cas no:112-07-2

Triglycol Monobutyl Ether; Butoxytriglycol; BTG; 2-(2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol; 3,6,9-Trioxatridecan-1-ol; Butyl Triglycol Ether; cas no:143-22-6

diethylene glycol monobutyl ether;Butyl diglycol; CAS : 112-34-5, Nom INCI : BUTOXYDIGLYCOL, Nom chimique : 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol; DEGBE;N; °EINECS/ELINCS : 203-961-6, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français : (BUTOXY-2 ETHOXY)-2 ETHANOL; 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) ethanol; BUTOXYDIETHYLENE GLYCOL; BUTOXYDIGLYCOL; BUTOXYETHOXYETHANOL; BUTYL DIGLYCOL BUTYL DIOXITOL; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL BUTYL ETHER; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL NORMAL-BUTYL ETHER;DIGLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER ETHANOL, 2,2'-OXYBIS-, MONOBUTYL ETHER; ETHANOL, 2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)-; Ether de diéthylène glycol monobutylique; ETHER MONOBUTYLIQUE DU DIETHYLENE GLYCOL; Ether monobutylique du diéthylène glycol; ORTHO-BUTYL DIETHYLENE GLYCOL; Éther de diéthylène glycol monobutylique.Noms anglais : Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Utilisation: Fabrication de produits organiques, solvant de produits organiques. 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol (DEGBE); 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; DEGBE;Diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether; Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2-butoksietoksi)etanol (hr); 2-(2-butoksietoksi)etanoli (fi); 2-(2-butoksietoksi)etanolis (lt); 2-(2-butoksietoksi)etanols (lv);2-(2-butoksyetoksy)etanol (no) ;2-(2-butoksüetoksü)etanool (et);2-(2-butossietossi)etanolo (it);2-(2-butoxietoxi)etanol (es); 2-(2-butoxietóxi)etanol (pt); 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol (cs); 2-(2-butoxyetoxy)etanol (sk);2-(2-butoxyéthoxy)éthanol (fr); 2-(2-βουτοξυαιθοξυ)αιθανόλ (el); 2-(2-бутоксиетокси)eтанол (bg); butildietilenglikol (sl); butyldiglykol (cs); Diethylenglykolmonobutylether (de); dietilen glicol monobutil eter (ro); dietilen-glikol monobutil-eter (hr); dietileneglicol(mono)butiletene (it); dietilenglikolio monobutileteris (lt); dietilén-glikol-monobutil-éter (hu); dietilēnglikola monobutilēteris (lv);dietylénglykol-monobutyléter (sk); dietüleenglükoolmonobutüüleeter (et);eter monobutylowy glikolu dietylenowego (pl); диетилен гликол монобутил етер (bg); CAS names;Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)- ; 2-(2-butoxy-ethoxy)-ethanol; 2-(2-butoxyehoxy)ethanol; 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy ethanol); 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) Ethanol; 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)- ethanol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol/diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol;2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; DEGBE; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol;diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2butoxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-Butoxyethanol; Butyl carbitol; Butyl diglycol ether; Butyl Dioxitol; butyldiglycol ether; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL BUTYL ETHER; Diethylene glycol butyl ether, BDG, Butyldiglycol, Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol - DEGBE); diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; Diethylene glycol n-butyl ether; Ethanol, 2-(butoxythoxy)-; Glycol Ether DB {2-(2-}butoxy)ethoxy ethanol s 1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxadecan 2-Hydroxy-2-butoxy-diethylether 3,6-Dioxa-1-decanol BDGE Butadigol Butoxyethoxyethanol Butyl CARBITOL Solvent Butyl Diethoxol Butyl diglycol Butyl diglycol(BDG) Butyl digol Butyl oxitol glycol ether Butyldiglycolether Di ethyleneglycol butyl ether Diglycol monobutyl ether Dowanol DB Ektasolve DB Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, monobutyl ether Glycol Ether EB n-Butyl Carbitol O-Butyl diethylene glycol O-Buyl diethylene glycol Poly-Solv DB Diethylene glycol n-butyl ether 112-34-5 [RN] 1739225 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol [German] 2-(2-Butoxyéthoxy)éthanol [French] 2-(2-n-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol 2-(n-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol 2-[2-Butoxyethoxy]-ethanol 203-961-6 [EINECS] BDG butyl carbitol Butyl CARBITOL(TM) Butyl diglycol Butyldiglycol DEGBE Diethylene glycol butyl ether Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER Diethylene gylcol monobutyl ether Diglycol monobutyl ether Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)- [ACD/Index Name] KJ9100000 MFCD00002881 [MDL number] n-Butyl carbitol UNII:9TB90IYC0E [112-34-5] 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 99% 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, 99+% 210818-08-9 [RN] 3,6-Dioxa-1-decanol 3,6-Dioxadecanol 4-01-00-02394 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein] bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether BUCB budyl digol Butadigol Butoxy diethylene glycol BUTOXYDIETHYLENE GLYCOL Butoxydiglycol BUTOXYETHOXYETHANOL Butyl Diglycolether BUTYL DIGOL Butyl di-icinol Butyl dioxitol Butyl ethyl cellosolve BUTYL OXITOL GLYCOL ETHER DB Solvent diethyl carbitol Diethylene DB diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 99%, Diethylene glycol-monobutyl ether Dowanol DB EINECS 203-961-6 Ektasolve DB Ethanol 2-butoxyethoxy Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, monobutyl ether Glycol ether DB Jeffersol DB Jsp000950 Monobutyl diethylene glycol ether NCGC00164235-01 O-Butyl diethylene glycol Poly-Solv DB UNII-9TB90IYC0E WLN: Q2O2O4

BUTOXYETHANOL; N° CAS : 111-76-2, Nom INCI : BUTOXYETHANOL, Nom chimique : 2-Butoxyethanol; ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; EGBE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-905-0. Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Produits qui en contiennent. Noms français :2-BUTOXY ETHANOL; 2-Butoxyethanol; BETA-HYDROXYETHYL BUTYL ETHER; Butoxy-2 éthanol; BUTYL OXITOL; BUTYLGLYCOL;ETHANOL, 2-BUTOXY-; Ether monobutylique de l'éthylène glycol; Ether monobutylique de l'éthylèneglycol; ETHYLENE GLYCOL BUTYLETHER; Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYLETHER; ETHYLENE GLYCOL-N-BUTYL ETHER; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER; Éther d'éthylèneglycol et de monobutyle. Noms anglais : 2-Butoxyethanol; 2-Butoxyethanol (EGBE); Ethylene glycol butyl ether; ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO BUTYL ETHER; Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; ETHYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER Ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether. Utilisation: Le butoxy-2 éthanol est utilisé dans de très nombreux mélanges et formulations nettoyants industriels et domestiques nettoyants à m��taux scellants au silicone revêtements de surface (laques, vernis et peintures) encres (principalement pour procédé offset et sérigraphie) agents dégraissants diluants à peinture et décapants certains mélanges pour le nettoyage à sec huiles de coupe fluides hydrauliques adhésifs savons liquides cosmétiques (surtout teintures à cheveux) détachant à graffitis Il sert aussi d'intermédiaire dans la synthèse de plusieurs composés de la famille des esters (acétates), de même que pour fabriquer des plastifiants de type phtalate et stéarate.2-butoxyethanol; ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether; butyl cellosolve butyl cellosolve EGBE Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether Translated names 2-butoksietanol (hr) 2-Butoksietanoli (fi) 2-butoksietanolis (lt) 2-butoksietanols (lv) 2-butoksyetanol (no) 2-Butoksüetanool (et) 2-butossietanolo (it) 2-butoxietanol (es) 2-butoxyetanol (sk) 2-butoxyethan-1-ol (cs) 2-butoxyethanol (da) 2-butoxyéthanol (fr) 2-βουτοξυαιθανόλη βουτυλογλυκόλη μονοβουτυλαιθέρας της αιθυλενογλυκόλης (el) 2-бутоксиетанол (bg) butil celosolv (hr) butil glikol (sl) butil kelosolve (sl) butil-celloszolv (hu) butilcelosolvs (lv) butilcelozolvas (lt) butilglicol (es) butylglycol (da) butylglykol (cs) Butyyliglykoli (fi) Butüültsellosolv (et) cellosolw butylowy (pl) eter monobutylowy glikolu etylenowego (pl) ether monobutylique d'éthylène-glycol (fr) ethylenglykolmonobutylether (cs) etilen glicol monobutil eter (ro) etilen-glikol monobutil-eter (hr) etilenglicol-monobutiletere (it) etilenglikolio monobutileteris (lt) etilén-glikol-monobutil-éter (hu) etilēnglikola monobutilēteris (lv) Etyleeniglykolimonobutyylieetteri (fi) etylenglykolmonobutyleter (no) etylénglykol-monobutyléter (sk) Etüleenglükoolmonobutüüleeter (et) glycolmonobutylether (nl) éter monobutílico del etilenglicol (es) éter monobutílico do etilenoglicol (pt) бутил целосолв (bg) етилен гликол монобутилов етер (bg) CAS names Ethanol, 2-butoxy- 1-Butoxy-2-hydroxyethan 2 butossietanolo 2-buthoxtethanol 2-butoxy ethanol 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 2-butoxy-ethanol 2-butoxyehanole 2-Butoxyethano 2-butoxyethanol (Butyl glycol) 2-butoxyethanol ethylene glycol monobutyl ether butyl cellosolve 2-butoxyethanol, butyl cellosolve, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 2-Butoxyethanol, Butyl glycol, EB Solvent 2-Butoxyethanol; Butyl glycol; Butyl cellosolve ... 2-butoxyethanol; ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; butyl cellosolve Butoxyethanol Butyl cellosolvee butyl glycol Butyl Oxitol butylglycol ether CH2OHCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH ethylene Ethylene glycol butyl ether Ethylene glycol butylether Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl ethylenglykol butyl ether UPV13 s 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 3-oxa-1-heptanol 3-oxo-1-heptanol A-LT313 BG BGE BuOX Butyl CELLOSOLVE™ Solvent butyl ethoxol Butyl glycol ether butyl monoether glycol Butylglycolether C-LT313 Dowanol EB EB solvent Glycol Ether EB 2-butoxy ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethanol [Wiki] 2-Butoxyethanol [German] 2-Butoxy-ethanol 2-Butoxyéthanol [French] 2-hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether 2-n-butoxyethanol Butoxyethanol Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether Butyl cellosolve butyl glycol EB Solvent Ektasolve EB [] Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish] Ethanol, 2-butoxy- [ACD/Index Name] Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French] Ethylene glycol butyl ether Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether Glycol monobutyl ether I0P9XEZ9WV Jeffersol EB [] KJ8575000 MONOBUTYL GLYCOL ETHER n-butoxyethanol Q2O4 [WLN] [111-76-2] 1219803-96-9 [RN] 139754-38-4 [RN] 2-(1-butoxy)ethanol 2-Butossi-etanolo 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethan(ol-d) 2-butoxyethan-1-ol 2-Butoxyethanol-1,1,2,2-d4 2-butoxylethanol 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol 3-oxa-1-heptanol BUCS Butoksyetylowy alkohol Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish] Butoxyethanol, 2- Butyglycol Butyl cellu-sol Butyl Glycolether Butyl icinol Butyl monoether glycol Butyl oxitol butylcellosolve Butylcelosolv Butylcelosolv [Czech] Butylglycol Butylglycol [French,German] Butyloxitol Chimec NR Dowanol EB [] EGBE EINECS 203-905-0 Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether [UN2369] [Keep away from food] Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade Ethylene glycol uncle butyl ether Ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether Ethyleneglycol-monobutyl ether gafcol eb glycol butyl ether Glycol ether EB http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0031327 Minex BDH monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether n-Butyl Cellosolve NCGC00090683-03 o-butyl ethylene glycol UNII:I0P9XEZ9WV UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV WLN: Q2O4 β-butoxyethanol β-Butoxyethanol 203-905-0 [EINECS] 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethanol [Wiki] 2-Butoxyethanol [German] 2-Butoxy-ethanol 2-Butoxyéthanol [French] 2-hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether 2-n-butoxyethanol Butoxyethanol Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether Butyl cellosolve butyl glycol EB Solvent [] EGMBE Ektasolve EB [] Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish] Ethanol, 2-butoxy- [ACD/Index Name] Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French] Ethylene glycol butyl ether Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether Glycol monobutyl ether I0P9XEZ9WV Jeffersol EB [] KJ8575000 MONOBUTYL GLYCOL ETHER n-butoxyethanol Q2O4 [WLN] [111-76-2] 1219803-96-9 [RN] 139754-38-4 [RN] 2-(1-butoxy)ethanol 2-Butossi-etanolo 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethan(ol-d) 2-butoxyethan-1-ol 2-Butoxyethanol-1,1,2,2-d4 2-butoxylethanol 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol 3-oxa-1-heptanol BUCS Butoksyetylowy alkohol Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish] Butoxyethanol, 2- Butyglycol Butyl cellu-sol Butyl Glycolether Butyl icinol Butyl monoether glycol Butyl oxitol butylcellosolve Butylcelosolv Butylcelosolv [Czech] Butylglycol Butylglycol [French,German] Butyloxitol Chimec NR Dowanol EB [] EGBE EINECS 203-905-0 Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether [UN2369] [Keep away from food] Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade Ethylene glycol uncle butyl ether Ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether Ethyleneglycol-monobutyl ether gafcol eb glycol butyl ether Glycol ether EB http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0031327 Minex BDH monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether n-Butyl Cellosolve NCGC00090683-03 o-butyl ethylene glycol UNII:I0P9XEZ9WV UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV WLN: Q2O4 β-butoxyethanol β-Butoxyethanol111-76-2 [RN] 203-905-0 [EINECS] 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethanol [Wiki] 2-Butoxyethanol [German] 2-Butoxy-ethanol 2-Butoxyéthanol [French] 2-hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether 2-n-butoxyethanol Butoxyethanol Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether Butyl cellosolve butyl glycol EB Solvent [] EGMBE Ektasolve EB [] Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish] Ethanol, 2-butoxy- [ACD/Index Name] Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French] Ethylene glycol butyl ether Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether Glycol monobutyl ether I0P9XEZ9WV Jeffersol EB [] KJ8575000 MONOBUTYL GLYCOL ETHER n-butoxyethanol Q2O4 [WLN] [111-76-2] 1219803-96-9 [RN] 139754-38-4 [RN] 2-(1-butoxy)ethanol 2-Butossi-etanolo 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethan(ol-d) 2-butoxyethan-1-ol 2-Butoxyethanol-1,1,2,2-d4 2-butoxylethanol 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol 3-oxa-1-heptanol BUCS Butoksyetylowy alkohol Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish] Butoxyethanol, 2- Butyglycol Butyl cellu-sol Butyl Glycolether Butyl icinol Butyl monoether glycol Butyl oxitol butylcellosolve Butylcelosolv Butylcelosolv [Czech] Butylglycol Butylglycol [French,German] Butyloxitol Chimec NR Dowanol EB [] EGBE EINECS 203-905-0 Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether [UN2369] [Keep away from food] Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade Ethylene glycol uncle butyl ether Ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether Ethyleneglycol-monobutyl ether gafcol eb glycol butyl ether Glycol ether EB http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0031327 Minex BDH monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether n-Butyl Cellosolve NCGC00090683-03 o-butyl ethylene glycol UNII:I0P9XEZ9WV UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV WLN: Q2O4 β-butoxyethanol β-Butoxyethanol 111-76-2 [RN] 203-905-0 [EINECS] 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethanol [Wiki] 2-Butoxyethanol [German] 2-Butoxy-ethanol 2-Butoxyéthanol [French] 2-hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether 2-n-butoxyethanol Butoxyethanol Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether Butyl cellosolve butyl glycol EB Solvent [] EGMBE Ektasolve EB [] Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish] Ethanol, 2-butoxy- [ACD/Index Name] Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French] Ethylene glycol butyl ether Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether Glycol monobutyl ether I0P9XEZ9WV Jeffersol EB [] KJ8575000 MONOBUTYL GLYCOL ETHER n-butoxyethanol Q2O4 [WLN] [111-76-2] 1219803-96-9 [RN] 139754-38-4 [RN] 2-(1-butoxy)ethanol 2-Butossi-etanolo 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethan(ol-d) 2-butoxyethan-1-ol 2-Butoxyethanol-1,1,2,2-d4 2-butoxylethanol 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol 3-oxa-1-heptanol BUCS Butoksyetylowy alkohol Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish] Butoxyethanol, 2- Butyglycol Butyl cellu-sol Butyl Glycolether Butyl icinol Butyl monoether glycol Butyl oxitol butylcellosolve Butylcelosolv Butylcelosolv [Czech] Butylglycol Butylglycol [French,German] Butyloxitol Chimec NR Dowanol EB [] EGBE EINECS 203-905-0 Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether [UN2369] [Keep away from food] Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade Ethylene glycol uncle butyl ether Ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether Ethyleneglycol-monobutyl ether gafcol eb glycol butyl ether Glycol ether EB http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0031327 Minex BDH monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether n-Butyl Cellosolve NCGC00090683-03 o-butyl ethylene glycol UNII:I0P9XEZ9WV UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV WLN: Q2O4 β-butoxyethanol β-Butoxyethanol111-76-2 [RN] 203-905-0 [EINECS] 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethanol [Wiki] 2-Butoxyethanol [German] 2-Butoxy-ethanol 2-Butoxyéthanol [French] 2-hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether 2-n-butoxyethanol Butoxyethanol Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether Butyl cellosolve butyl glycol EB Solvent [] EGMBE Ektasolve EB [] Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish] Ethanol, 2-butoxy- [ACD/Index Name] Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French] Ethylene glycol butyl ether Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether Glycol monobutyl ether I0P9XEZ9WV Jeffersol EB [] KJ8575000 MONOBUTYL GLYCOL ETHER n-butoxyethanol Q2O4 [WLN] [111-76-2] 1219803-96-9 [RN] 139754-38-4 [RN] 2-(1-butoxy)ethanol 2-Butossi-etanolo 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethan(ol-d) 2-butoxyethan-1-ol 2-Butoxyethanol-1,1,2,2-d4 2-butoxylethanol 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol 3-oxa-1-heptanol BUCS Butoksyetylowy alkohol Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish] Butoxyethanol, 2- Butyglycol Butyl cellu-sol Butyl Glycolether Butyl icinol Butyl monoether glycol Butyl oxitol butylcellosolve Butylcelosolv Butylcelosolv [Czech] Butylglycol Butylglycol [French,German] Butyloxitol Chimec NR Dowanol EB [] EGBE EINECS 203-905-0 Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether [UN2369] [Keep away from food] Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade Ethylene glycol uncle butyl ether Ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether Ethyleneglycol-monobutyl ether gafcol eb glycol butyl ether Glycol ether EB http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0031327 Minex BDH monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether n-Butyl Cellosolve NCGC00090683-03 o-butyl ethylene glycol UNII:I0P9XEZ9WV UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV WLN: Q2O4 β-butoxyethanol β-Butoxyethanol203-905-0 [EINECS] 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethanol [Wiki] 2-Butoxyethanol [German] 2-Butoxy-ethanol 2-Butoxyéthanol [French] 2-hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether 2-n-butoxyethanol Butoxyethanol Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether Butyl cellosolve butyl glycol EB Solvent [] EGMBE Ektasolve EB [] Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish] Ethanol, 2-butoxy- [ACD/Index Name] Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French] Ethylene glycol butyl ether Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether Glycol monobutyl ether I0P9XEZ9WV Jeffersol EB [] KJ8575000 MONOBUTYL GLYCOL ETHER n-butoxyethanol Q2O4 [WLN] [111-76-2] 1219803-96-9 [RN] 139754-38-4 [RN] 2-(1-butoxy)ethanol 2-Butossi-etanolo 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethan(ol-d) 2-butoxyethan-1-ol 2-Butoxyethanol-1,1,2,2-d4 2-butoxylethanol 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol 3-oxa-1-heptanol BUCS Butoksyetylowy alkohol Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish] Butoxyethanol, 2- Butyglycol Butyl cellu-sol Butyl Glycolether Butyl icinol Butyl monoether glycol Butyl oxitol butylcellosolve Butylcelosolv Butylcelosolv [Czech] Butylglycol Butylglycol [French,German] Butyloxitol Chimec NR Dowanol EB [] EGBE EINECS 203-905-0 Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether [UN2369] [Keep away from food] Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade Ethylene glycol uncle butyl ether Ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether Ethyleneglycol-monobutyl ether gafcol eb glycol butyl ether Glycol ether EB http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0031327 Minex BDH monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether n-Butyl Cellosolve NCGC00090683-03 o-butyl ethylene glycol UNII:I0P9XEZ9WV UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV WLN: Q2O4 β-butoxyethanol β-Butoxyethanol 203-905-0 [EINECS] 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethanol [Wiki] 2-Butoxyethanol [German] 2-Butoxy-ethanol 2-Butoxyéthanol [French] 2-hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether 2-n-butoxyethanol Butoxyethanol Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether Butyl cellosolve butyl glycol EB Solvent [] EGMBE Ektasolve EB [] Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish] Ethanol, 2-butoxy- [ACD/Index Name] Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French] Ethylene glycol butyl ether Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether Glycol monobutyl ether I0P9XEZ9WV Jeffersol EB [] KJ8575000 MONOBUTYL GLYCOL ETHER n-butoxyethanol Q2O4 [WLN] [111-76-2] 1219803-96-9 [RN] 139754-38-4 [RN] 2-(1-butoxy)ethanol 2-Butossi-etanolo 2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian] 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol 2-Butoxy-aethanol [German] 2-Butoxyethan(ol-d) 2-butoxyethan-1-ol 2-Butoxyethanol-1,1,2,2-d4 2-butoxylethanol 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol 3-oxa-1-heptanol BUCS Butoksyetylowy alkohol Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish] Butoxyethanol, 2- Butyglycol Butyl cellu-sol Butyl Glycolether Butyl icinol Butyl monoether glycol Butyl oxitol butylcellosolve Butylcelosolv Butylcelosolv [Czech] Butylglycol Butylglycol [French,German] Butyloxitol Chimec NR Dowanol EB [] EGBE EINECS 203-905-0 Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether [UN2369] [Keep away from food] Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade Ethylene glycol uncle butyl ether Ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether Ethyleneglycol-monobutyl ether gafcol eb glycol butyl ether Glycol ether EB http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0031327 Minex BDH monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether n-Butyl Cellosolve NCGC00090683-03 o-butyl ethylene glycol UNII:I0P9XEZ9WV UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV WLN: Q2O4 β-butoxyethanol β-Butoxyethanol LT313-1000 LT313-4440 Mission Models Thinner monobutyl ether n-butoxyethanol o-butyl ethylene glycol PP100 UP5403(KC)2-butoxyethanol; ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether; butyl cellosolve EU. Worker Protection-Hazardous (98/24), EU. Workplace Signs, EU. Hazardous Waste Properties: Annex III (2008/98/EC) butyl cellosolve , EU. Dangerous Substances - Eco-Labels EGBE EU. Cosmetics Regulation, Annex III, Restricted Substances Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether Other Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether , EU. Cosmetics Regulation, Annex III, Restricted Substances Ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether EU. Regenerated Cellulose Film Substances, EU. Dangerous Substances - Eco-Labels Translated names 2-butoksietanol (hr) 2-Butoksietanoli (fi) 2-butoksietanolis (lt) 2-butoksietanols (lv) 2-butoksyetanol (no) 2-Butoksüetanool (et) 2-butossietanolo (it) 2-butoxietanol (es) 2-butoxyetanol (sk) 2-butoxyethan-1-ol (cs) 2-butoxyethanol (da) 2-butoxyéthanol (fr) 2-βουτοξυαιθανόλη βουτυλογλυκόλη μονοβουτυλαιθέρας της αιθυλενογλυκόλης (el) 2-бутоксиетанол (bg) butil celosolv (hr) butil glikol (sl) butil kelosolve (sl) butil-celloszolv (hu) butilcelosolvs (lv) butilcelozolvas (lt) butilglicol (es) butylglycol (da) butylglykol (cs) Butyyliglykoli (fi) Butüültsellosolv (et) cellosolw butylowy (pl) eter monobutylowy glikolu etylenowego (pl) ether monobutylique d'éthylène-glycol (fr) ethylenglykolmonobutylether (cs) etilen glicol monobutil eter (ro) etilen-glikol monobutil-eter (hr) etilenglicol-monobutiletere (it) etilenglikolio monobutileteris (lt) etilén-glikol-monobutil-éter (hu) etilēnglikola monobutilēteris (lv) Etyleeniglykolimonobutyylieetteri (fi) etylenglykolmonobutyleter (no) etylénglykol-monobutyléter (sk) Etüleenglükoolmonobutüüleeter (et) glycolmonobutylether (nl) éter monobutílico del etilenglicol (es) éter monobutílico do etilenoglicol (pt) бутил целосолв (bg) етилен гликол монобутилов етер (bg) CAS names Ethanol, 2-butoxy- Other 1-Butoxy-2-hydroxyethan 2 butossietanolo 2-buthoxtethanol 2-butoxy ethanol 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 2-butoxy-ethanol 2-butoxyehanole 2-Butoxyethano 2-butoxyethanol (Butyl glycol) 2-butoxyethanol ethylene glycol monobutyl ether butyl cellosolve 2-butoxyethanol, butyl cellosolve, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 2-Butoxyethanol, Butyl glycol, EB Solvent 2-Butoxyethanol; Butyl glycol; Butyl cellosolve ... 2-butoxyethanol; ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; butyl cellosolve Butoxyethanol Butyl cellosolvee butyl glycol , Butyl Oxitol butylglycol ether CH2OHCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH ethylene Ethylene glycol butyl ether , Ethylene glycol butylether Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl ethylenglykol butyl ether UPV13 s 2-butoxy-1-ethanol 3-oxa-1-heptanol 3-oxo-1-heptanol A-LT313 BG BGE BuOX Butyl CELLOSOLVE™ Solvent butyl ethoxol Butyl glycol ether butyl monoether glycol Butylglycolether C-LT313 Dowanol EB EB solvent ECO2200-A-BLACK(T) ECO2200-B ED2800-A-BLACK(E) ET5745-AA-4440 FLOWADDITIVETB Glycol Ether EB IZ180(N)LIQUID-1184 IZ180(N)LIQUID-1184(H) KUV-5000(HARD COATING) LT313-1000 LT313-4440 Mission Models Thinner monobutyl ether n-butoxyethanol o-butyl ethylene glycol PP100 UP5403(KC)

BUTOXYETHYL ACETATE, N° CAS : 112-07-2, Nom INCI : BUTOXYETHYL ACETATE, Nom chimique : 2-Butoxyethyl acetate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-933-3; Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Noms français : 2-BUTOXYETHANOL ACETATE; 2-BUTOXYETHYL ACETATE; 2-BUTOXYETHYLACETATE ACETATE DE BUTOXY-2 ETHANOL; ACETATE DE BUTOXY-2 ETHYLE; ACETIC ACID, 2-BUTOXYETHYL ESTER; Acétate de butylcellosolve; Acétate de l'éther monobutylique d'éthylène glycol ; Acétate de l'éther monobutylique de l'éthylène glycol; BUTOXYETHYL ACETATE; ETHANOL, 2-BUTOXY-, ACETATE Noms anglais : 2-Butoxyethyl acetate (EGBEA); BUTYL CELLOSOLVE ACETATE; BUTYL GLYCOL ACETATE; BUTYLCELLOSOLVE ACETATE; BUTYLGLYCOL ACETATE; Ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate; ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER ACETATE; GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER ACETATE. Utilisation: Solvant de laques, solvant de résines

BUTOXYPROPANOL, N° CAS : 29387-86-8, Nom INCI : BUTOXYPROPANOL; Butoxypropan-1-ol; 1-butoxypropan-1-ol; 1-Butoxy-1-propanol; 1-Butoxy-1-propanol [German] ; 1-Butoxy-1-propanol [French] ; 1-Butoxypropan-1-ol; 1-Propanol, 1-butoxy-; 249-598-7 [EINECS]; 29387-86-8 [RN]; 1,2-Propanediol, monobutyl ether; 120855-18-7 [RN]; Butoxypropan-1-ol; Butoxypropanol; Dowanol PnB; propanediol butyl ether; Propanol, 1(or 2)-butoxy-; PROPANOL, BUTOXY-; Propasol B; propylene glycol monobutyl ether; α-Propylene mono-n-butyl ether

BUTTER, N° CAS : 8029-34-3, Nom INCI : BUTTER, Nom chimique : Butyrum (EU), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 310-127-6, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Butyl acetate; 1-Acetoxybutane; 1-Butyl acetate; Acetate de butyle; Acetic Acid Butyl Ester; Butile (Acetati Di); Butyl Ethanoate; Butylacetat; Butylacetate; Butylacetaten; Butyle (Acetate De); Butylester Kyseliny Octove; Octan n-Butylu; Butyl Ethanoate CAS NO:123-86-4

Butyl 2-propenoate; Acrylic acid n-butyl ester; n-Butyl acrylate; 2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester; Acrylic acid, butyl ester; ACRYLIC ACID TERT-BUTYL ESTER; TBA; T-BUTYL ACRYLATE; TERT-BUTYL ACRYLATE; TERTIARY-BUTYL ACRYLATE; 1-butylacrylate; acrylatedebutyle; Butylacrylate, inhibited; Butylester kyseliny akrylove; butylesterkyselinyakrylove; n-Butyl propenoate; propenoicacid,butylester; Butyl acrylate, stabilized with 20 ppm MEHQ; Propenoic acid n-butyl ester; Acryl acid butylester; #nn-Butyl acrylate; BUTYL ACRYLATE, STAB.; BUTYL ACRYLATE, 99+%; BUTYL ACRYLATE, STANDARD FOR GC; ButylAcrylateForSynthesis CAS NO:141-32-2

BUTYL ACRYLATE = BA = ACRYLIC ACID BUTYL ESTER


CAS Number: 141-32-2
EC Number: 205-480-7
MDL Number: MFCD00009446
Chemical formula: C7H12O2


Butyl acrylate is an organic compound with the formula C4H9O2CCH=CH2.
Butyl acrylate is a colorless liquid, Butyl acrylate is the butyl ester of acrylic acid.
Butyl acrylate is metabolized by carboxylesterase or reactions with glutathione; this detoxification produces acrylic acid, butanol, and mercapturic acid waste, which is excreted.
Butyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor.


Butyl acrylate is very slightly soluble in water and somewhat less dense than water.
Butyl acrylate forms surface slick on water.
Butyl acrylate's flash point is 105 °F.
Butyl acrylate's density is 7.5 lb / gal.
Butyl acrylate is an acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.


Butyl acrylate is functionally related to a butan-1-ol and an acrylic acid.
Butyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor.
Butyl acrylate is very slightly soluble in water and somewhat less dense than water.
Butyl acrylate forms surface slick on water.


Butyl acrylate is used for making paints, coatings, caulks, sealants, adhesives.
Butyl acrylate is clear, colorless liquid with a strong, fruity odor.
Butyl acrylate is colorless highly viscous liquid with a faint odor.
Butyl acrylate is a clear colorless liquid.


Butyl acrylate is a vinyl monomer.
Butyl acrylate undergoes radical copolymerization with benzoxazine containing a vinyl group to afford copolymers.
Heck coupling reactions of aryl bromides with n-butyl acrylate mediated by phosphine-imidazolium salt has been reported.
Copolymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate catalyzed by CuBr/4,4′-di(5-nonyl)-2,2′-bipyridine has been described.
Butyl acrylate (BA) is the ester of acrylic acid and n-butanol.


Butyl Acrylate is an acrylate monomer with a molecular formula of CH2=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3.
Butyl acrylate is a clear and reasonably volatile liquid which is slightly soluble in water and completely soluble in alcohols, ethers and almost all organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is a flashpoint around 40° C and has a distinct fruity, pungent odour.
Butyl acrylate is easily miscible with other organic solvents and is readily polymerized with monomer molecules to create polymer chains.

Butyl acrylate is the largest-volume acrylate ester used in the production of all-acrylic, vinyl acrylic and styrene acrylic copolymers.
Butyl acrylate offers price-value and accounts for about 60 percent of the global acrylic ester monomer demand, with a consumption volume of over 2,000 kilo tons.
Butyl acrylate holds a special place in the market for acrylate esters.
Other major acrylate esters include methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA).


Butyl acrylate is used as a “soft-monomer” to improve low temperature properties and toughness.
Butyl acrylate should be stored at temperatures below ~25°C (<80°F).
With MEHQ inhibitor, Butyl acrylate must be stored under an air atmosphere, since the presence of oxygen is required with this stabilizer.
Butyl acrylate is a versatile building block for copolymers, contributing excellent weathering and sunlight resistance, low temperature performance, hydrophobicity, and water resistance.


Butyl Acrylate is an acrylate monomer with a molecular formula of CH2=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3.
Butyl Acrylate is a clear and reasonably volatile liquid which is slightly soluble in water and completely soluble in alcohols, ethers and almost all organic solvents.
Butyl Acrylate is a flashpoint around 40° C and has a distinct fruity, pungent odour.
Butyl Acrylate is easily miscible with other organic solvents and is readily polymerized with monomer molecules to create polymer chains.


Butyl acrylate is a liquid (5 hPa at ∼ 20 °C) under normal environmental conditions.
At equilibrium in the environment, butyl acrylate will partition primarily to air (95%) with the balance to water (5%).
In air, butyl acrylate will be removed by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (28 h half-life) and ozone (6.5 days half-life).
In water, butyl acrylate is relatively stable to hydrolysis at acidic and neutral pHs (half-life ≥ 1100 days) but will slowly volatilize to air (Henry’s law constant of 21.9 Pa m–3 mol−1 at 25 °C) or be biodegraded (58–90% removal in 28 days).


Based on Butyl acrylate's relatively low octanol–water partition coefficient (log Kow of 2.38) and rapid metabolism in biological systems, butyl acrylate does not pose a significant bioaccumulation hazard.
Butyl acrylate is a colorless liquid above Butyl acrylate's freezing point of -64°C (-83°F). Its homopolymer glass transition temperature is -54°C (-65°F).
Butyl acrylate can be polymerized with each other and copolymerized with other monomers to produce polymers having the optimal properties for your application.


Clear colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor.
Butyl acrylate is readily miscible with most organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is readily polymerized and displays a wide range of properties dependent upon the selection of the monomer and reaction conditions.
Butyl Acrylate is used for copolymer-based adhesives.


Butyl Acrylate offers flexibility, weatherability, internal plasticization, adhesion, range of hardness and resistance to abrasion as well as oil or greases.
The shelf life of the Butyl Acrylate is 1 year.
Butyl Acrylate (CAS No. 141-32-2), or n-butyl acrylate, is a low Tg acrylate monomer that is produced by the esterification of acrylic acid with n-butanol.
Incorporating butyl acrylate into a polymer helps to improve tack, flexibility, impact resistance, and overall durability.


The flexibility and tack provided by butyl acrylate make Butyl acrylate an ideal monomer for producing polymers used in adhesive and sealant formulas.
Butyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor.
Very slightly soluble in water and somewhat less dense than water.
Hence forms surface slick on water.


Butyl Acrylate also known as butyl-2-propenoate is an acrylate monomer with a molecular formula of C7H12O2, CAS: 141-32-2.
Butyl acrylate is a clear and volatile liquid which is slightly soluble in water and completely soluble in alcohols, ethers and almost all organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is a flammable liquid with a flashpoint around 39°C and has a distinct fruity acrylic and pungent odour.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) is a monofunctional monomer consisting of an acrylate group with a characteristic high reactivity and a cyclic hydrophobic group.


Copolymers of Butyl Acrylate (BA) can be prepared with (met)acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, and with methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) is a very useful feedstock for chemical syntheses because Butyl acrylate readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds.


Butyl Acrylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity, strong odor.
Odor thresholds vary greatly.
Butyl acrylate is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor.
Butyl acrylate is readily miscible with most organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.


Butyl acrylate is A clear colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor.
Butyl Acrylate is a chemical that is created by esterifying acrylic acid and normal butanol.
Butyl acrylate is mainly used for creating homopolymers and copolymer (examples: Acrylic Acid, Ester, Amide, Methacrylic Acid, Acrylonitrile, Maleic Acid, Vinyl Acetate, Vinyl Chloride, Vinylidene Chloride, Styrene, Butadiene, Unsaturated polyester resin).


The created homopolymer and copolymer are then changed to base ingredients of fiber treating agent, glue, paint, synthetic resin, acrylic rubber, emulsion.
Butyl acrylate is major acrylic monomer from the acrylic esters group, which is derived from acrylic acid for providing performance properties to a wide range of polymers.
Butyl acrylate is a colourless transparent liquid.


Butyl Acrylate is a clear colorless liquid with fruity odor.
Butyl acrylate is miscible with most of the organic solvents at ambient atmospheric conditions.
On polymerization, Butyl acrylate produces wide range of homopolymers and copolymers with versatile properties depending upon the monomer(s) and reaction conditions.
Butyl Acrylate is a liquid that is clear and colorless with a sharp distinctive odor.


Butyl acrylate can be polymerized with each other and copolymerized with other monomers to produce polymers having the optimal properties for your application.
Butyl acrylate is a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor.
Butyl acrylate is readily miscible with most organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is readily polymerized and displays a wide range of properties dependent upon the selection of the monomer and reaction conditions.


Butyl acrylate is a chemical compound from the group of acrylic esters .
Butyl acrylate is an inflammatory, light-sensitive, colorless liquid with a stinging smell.
Butyl Acrylate is an acrylate monomer with a molecular formula of CH2=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3.
Butyl acrylate is a clear and reasonably volatile liquid which is slightly soluble in water and completely soluble in alcohols, ethers and almost all organic solvents.


Butyl acrylate is a reasonably flammable liquid with a flashpoint around 40° C and has a distinct fruity, pungent odour.
Butyl acrylate is easily miscible with other organic solvents and is readily polymerized with monomer molecules to create polymer chains.
Butyl acrylate forms homopolymers and copolymers.
Copolymers of butyl acrylate can be prepared with acrylic acid and its salts, amides and esters, and with methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.


Butyl acrylate is also a very useful feedstock for chemical syntheses, because Butyl acrylate readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compound.
Butyl acrylate is conventionally produced in batch reactors catalyzed by strong acidic homogeneous catalysts.
Butyl acrylate's relative density is 0. 894.
Butyl acrylate's melting Point is -64.6 °c.
Butyl acrylate's boiling Point is 146~148 degrees C; 69 degrees C (6.7kPa).


Butyl acrylate's flash point (closed cup) is 39 °c.
Butyl acrylate's refractive index is 4174.
Butyl acrylate is Soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone and other organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is Almost insoluble in water, 20 degrees in water solubility of 0.14g/lOOmL.
Butyl acrylate is classified as an unsaturated hydrocarbon.


Butyl acrylate is a colorless, hygroscopic crystalline solid that comes as a translucent colorless liquid with a distinct fruity flavor.
Butyl acrylate comes with solubility in organic solvents but has reduced water solubility and has a lower density than water.
Butyl acrylate polymerizes easily and shows a diverse variety of properties based on the reaction conditions and monomer used.
Butyl Acrylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity odor. It is used in the production of homopolymers and co-polymers.
Butyl Acrylate provides water resistance, low temperature flexibility, and weather and sunlight resistance when used in latex paint applications.


Butyl acrylate is a clear, colorless liquid wih a pungent odor. Butyl acrylate forms homopolymers and copolymers.
Copolymers of butyl acrylate can be prepared with acrylic acid and its sald, amides, and esters.
Butyl Acrylate molecule contains a total of 20 bond(s) There are 8 non-H bond(s), 2 multiple bond(s), 5 rotatable bond(s), 2 double bond(s) and 1 ester(s) (aliphatic).
Butyl acrylate is a clear colorless liquid.
Butyl Acrylate is a vinyl monomer.


Butyl Acrylate undergoes radical copolymerization with benzoxazine containing a vinyl group to afford copolymers.
Heck coupling reactions of aryl bromides with n-butyl acrylate mediated by phosphine-imidazolium salt has been reported.
Copolymerization of styrene and Butyl Acrylate by ATRP catalyzed by CuBr/4,4'-di(5-nonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine has been described.
Butyl acrylate is a kind of colorless transparent liquid, insoluble in water, can be mixed in ethanol and ether.
Butyl acrylate is a kind of colorless transparent liquid, insoluble in water, can be mixed in ethanol and ether.


With the increase of temperature and the extension of storage time, the tendency of self-aggregation is intensified.
Due to the features of Butyl Acrylate, the butyl acrylate applications are wide.
Butyl acrylate is a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor.
Butyl Acrylate is readily miscible with most organic solvents.
Butyl Acrylate is readily polymerized and displays a wide range of properties dependent upon the selection of the monomer and reaction conditions.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Butyl acrylate is used commercially on a large scale as a precursor to polybutylacrylate, which is used in paints, sealants, coatings, adhesives, fuel, textiles, plastics, and caulk.
Butyl acrylate is used for making paints, coatings, caulks, sealants, adhesives.
Butyl acrylate is used to prepare Poly(butyl acrylate) particles.
Butyl acrylate is used to prepare Poly(butyl acrylate-b-acrylic acid) block copolymer.


Butyl acrylate is used to prepare Amphiphilic charged diblock copolymers poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(acrylic acid).
Butyl acrylate is used to prepare Poly(n-butyl acrylate), via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl acrylate in the presence of CuIBr/4,4′-di(5-nonyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (catalyst).
Butyl acrylate is used as a raw material for fiber processing agents, adhesives, coatings, plastics, acrylic rubber, and emulsions.
Butyl acrylate has very low-level impurities and may be used as a raw material for a wide variety of chemicals.


Butyl acrylate is used as a raw material for fiber processing agents, adhesives, coatings, plastics, acrylic rubber, and emulsions.
The major markets for Butyl acrylate are in paint & coatings, such as architectural and automotive coatings, followed by adhesives and sealants market.
Application areas include inks, textile, paper and leather finishes, and caulks.
A significant and growing segment for Butyl acrylate is in thermoplastic ethylene acrylate copolymers (EAC), at BA levels up to 35 % in copolymers.


Butyl acrylate copolymers are used as a impact modifier and processing aid in thermoplastics improving properties such as toughness, flexibility, molding characteristics and part appearances.
End use applications include packaging, multilayer films and adhesives.
With a low homopolymer glass transition temperature of -45°C, Butyl acrylate is used in copolymers to improve flexibility, softness, and low temperature properties.
Butyl acrylate exhibits superior photostability and is a preferred monomer where weatherability and sunlight resistance are required.


Butyl acrylate is the major base acrylic ester monomer used in the manufacture of copolymers for paint & coatings, adhesives & sealants, printing inks, thermoplastic ethylene-acrylate copolymers, and a myriad of other application areas.
Butyl Acrylate is used in the production of coatings and inks, adhesives, sealants, textiles, plastics and elastomers. Coating applications include: architectural latex coatings, water-based dispersions, and automotive original equipment manufacture, and refinish materials.
Pressure sensitive adhesives contain Butyl Acrylate.


Adhesive applications are found in the textile and construction industries.
Textile industry products that contain Butyl Acrylate are fibers, warp
sizings, thickener, and back coat formulations (adhesives).
In the plastics industry, Butyl Acrylate is found in some PVC modifiers and molding or extrusion additives.
Butyl Acrylate is used in the manufacture of viscosity modifiers, thickeners and dispersants.


Used in Paints and Coatings, Adhesives, Caulks and Sealants, Plastic Additives, Fibers
Butyl acrylate is primarily used in the production of homopolymers and co-polymers for use in water based industrial and architectural paints.
Butyl acrylate can also be used in cleaning products, antioxidant agents, enamels, adhesives, textiles, caulks and paper finishes.
The double bond reactivity also allows for Butyl acrylate to be used as a chemical intermediary.
The primary end user markets of Butyl acrylate would be the water, plastics, leathers, paints, adhesives and textiles industries.


Used as intermediate Monomer in polymers
Used in Formulations in laboratories
Formulation of coatings with a polymer which contains Butyl acrylate as a monomer
Formulation of pre-polymer mixtures
Butyl acrylate is used as intermediates


Butyl acrylate is used in Polymerisation at production sites
Butyl acrylate is used in Polymerisation at downstream user sites
Butyl acrylate is used in ink and ink components
Butyl acrylate is used in Indoor/oudoor application of adhesives
Butyl acrylate is used as Industrial Intermediate, Paint and Coatings, Paper Chemical, Raw material for chemical processes, Raw material for industry


Butyl acrylate is used in polymer manufacturing, textile and leather finishing, and formulating paints and adhesives
Butyl acrylate is used in Leather Tanning and Processing, Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides), Plastic Composites Manufacturing, Silk-Screen Printing, Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)
Butyl acrylate is used in Chemical for Synthesis, Fiber treatment, Adhesives, Synthetic resins, Acrylic rubbers
Butyl Acrylate is used in the manufacture of polymers and resins, and in paint formulations.


Butyl Acrylate (BA) is also used in adhesive and as a polymeric plasticizer for harder resins.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) can be used to balance as such key properties as the hardness and softness, tackiness, low-temperature flexibility, strength and durability, and a lot of the others.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) is used in the production of organic glass and as a comonomer in the synthesis of acrylic dispersions used in adhesives, binders, impregnating compositions in the leather, printing, paint, varnish, pulp and paper, and other industries.


Butyl Acrylate is applied in the production of: Acrylic & Water-borne dispersions, Water-borne industrial & architectural paints, Industrial & Architectural coatings, Varnishes, Textiles, Pulp & Paper, Paper & Leather coatings, Wood & Metal coatings, Adhesives, Inks, caulks & sealants.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) is an ester of Acrylic acid and is used as a raw material component in the synthesis of polymers.
Butyl acrylate is primarily used in the production of homo and co-polymers emulsion for use in water based architectural and industrial paints.
Polymers with butyl acrylate can also be used in manufacturing cleaning products, leathers industries, antioxidant agents, plastics, enamels, inks, adhesives, sealants, textiles, caulks and paper finishes.


The acrylate functionality allows Butyl acrylate to be used as a chemical intermediary.
Butyl acrylate is used in Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances.
Butyl acrylate is used for making paints, coatings, caulks, sealants, adhesives.
Butyl acrylate (CAS No.: 141-32-2) Mainly used in synthetic resin, synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, plastics, coatings, adhesives, etc.
Butyl acrylate is used in Acrylic Resins, Structural adhesives, Pressure Sensitive Adhesives, Packaging Adhesives, Latex Paints ,Caulks & Sealants, Acrylic rubber, Concrete Coatings, Elastomeric Coatings


Butyl acrylate is used in Adhesives, Aerospace, Architectural, Automotive, Ceramics, Corrugated Boxes, Glues, Industrial Machinery and Appliances, Medical Devices, Packaging, Paper & Consumables, Sealants, Tapes Textiles, Wood Glues, Building & Construction, Concrete Coatings
Butyl acrylate is used in Coatings, Aerosol Coatings, Aerospace Coatings, Appliances & Machinery Coatings, Architectural Coatings, Automotive OEM Coatings, Automotive Refinish.
Butyl acrylate is used in Basecoats, Brick Coatings, Can Coatings, Ceramic Coatings, Coil Coatings, Conformal Coatings, Consumer Paints, Elastomeric Coatings, Electrodeposited Coatings, Electronics Coatings, Floor Coatings, Furniture Coatings, Heat Seal Coatings, Industrial Coatings, Marine Coatings, Metal Coatings.


Used in Nail Polish, Overprint Varnishes, Paint Thinner, Paper Coatings, Pipe Coatings, Plastic Coatings, Primers, Release Coatings, Roof Coatings, Special Purpose Coatings, Stone and Tile Coatings, Textile & Leather Coatings, Topcoats, Traffic Paint, Inks.
Butyl acrylate is used in Automotive Inks, Commercial & Publication, Digital Inks, Flexible Films, Glass & Ceramics, Graphic Arts Coatings, Narrow Web, Plastics, Printed Electronics, Tag & Label.
Butyl acrylate is often used in chemical manufacturing and polymerized with high Tg monomers like methyl methacrylate, Styrene, and Vinyl Acetate in order to balance the properties of the final polymer.


Butyl acrylate is a low Tg ester of acrylic acid that is used as a monomer to produce flexible acrylic polymers and copolymers used in adhesives, caulks, and sealants.
Butyl acrylate is used in Adhesives Building & Construction, Coatings, Elastomers, Inks, Metal Processing & Fabrication, Plastics
Butyl esters are utilized in various industries including paints & coatings, adhesives & sealants, textiles, plastic additives, and paper treatment.
Butyl acrylate is used for making paints, coatings, caulks, sealants, adhesives.


Mainly used for fiber, rubber, plastic, coatings, adhesives, Textile Auxiliaries, can also be used as leather and paper processing agent.
Butyl acrylate is used as Intermediate in organic synthesis, polymers and copolymers for solvent coatings, adhesives, paints, binders, emulsifiers.
Butyl acrylate is primarily used as a reactive building block to produce coatings and inks,adhesives, sealants, textiles, plastics and elastomers.


Butyl acrylate is used to make polymersthat are used as resins for textile and leatherfinishes, and in paints.
Butyl acrylate is used in the manufacture of various acrylics and adhesives, in coatings for leather, in textile production
Butyl acrylate is a chemical used for textile and leather finishes, in paint formulations, adhesives, binders and emulsifier.
Butyl acrylate is used in paints, coatings, sealants, adhesives, textiles, fuel, plastics, and caulk.
Butyl acrylate is a Monomer for the manufacture of polymers and resins for textile and leather finishes & paintermediate formulations.


Butyl acrylate is used in paints, sealants, coatings, adhesives, fuels, textiles, plastics and sealants.
Butyl acrylate is used to manufacture homopolymers and copolymers.
Copolymers of butyl acrylate can be produced with acrylic acid and its salts, amides and esters, and with methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.
Butyl acrylate can also be used as raw material for chemical synthesis, as Butyl acrylate undergoes addition reactions with variety of organic and inorganic compounds.


Butyl acrylate is used in manufacturing paints and adhesives, manufacturing leather, in cosmetics and personal care products, in manufacturing paper, in detergents and cleaners, in manufacturing plastics.
Butyl Acrylate is the major base acrylic ester monomer used in the manufacture of copolymers for paint & coatings, adhesives & sealants, printing inks, thermoplastic ethylene-acrylate copolymers, and a myriad of other application areas.
Butyl Acrylate is a versatile building block for copolymers, contributing excellent weathering and sunlight resistance, low temperature performance, hydrophobicity, and water resistance.


Butyl acrylate is used in Paints, Sealants, Coatings, Adhesives, Fuel, Textiles, Plastics, Caulk.
Butyl Acrylate is used as soft-monomer to improve low temperature properties and toughness.
Application areas include paint & coatings, such as architectural and automotive coatings, adhesives, sealants, inks, textile, paper, leather finishes, caulks, etc.
Butyl Acrylate are used to make soft monomers of acrylate solvent and emulsion adhesives, which can be homopolymer, copolymerization and graft copolymerization, as well as high polymer monomers, used as intermediates in organic synthesis.


Butyl acrylate is used to prepare: Poly(butyl acrylate) particles, Poly(butyl acrylate-b-acrylic acid) block copolymer, Amphiphilic charged diblock copolymers poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(acrylic acid), Poly(n-butyl acrylate), via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl acrylate in the presence of CuIBr/4,4'-di(5-nonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (catalyst).
Butyl Acrylate Is a useful feedstock for chemical syntheses.
Butyl acrylate is used in the production of homopolymers and co-polymers such as acrylic acid and its salts, esters, amides, methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleates, vinyl acetate, vinylchlor ide, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene and unsaturated polyesters.


Butyl Acrylate is used to create co-polymers and homopolymers.
These co-polymers and homopolymers are used in the production of adhesives, plastics and adhesives.
Butyl acrylate is used in the production of homopolymers and co-polymers such as acrylic acid and its salts, esters, amides, methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleates, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene and unsaturated polyesters.
When Butyl Acrylate is used in latex paint formulations acrylic polymers have good water resistance, low temperature flexibility and excellent weathering and sunlight resistance.


-Butyl acrylate is used in the following applications:
*Adhesives – for use in construction and pressure-sensitive adhesives
*Chemical intermediates – for a variety of chemical products
*Coatings – for textiles and adhesives, and for surface and water-based coatings, and coatings used for paints, leather finishing and paper
*Leather – to produce different finishes, particularly nubuck and suede
*Plastics – for the manufacture of a variety of plastics
*Textiles – in the manufacture of both woven and non-woven textiles



STORAGE & HANDLING OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
In order to prevent polymerization, butyl acrylate must always be stored under air, and never under inert gases.
The presence of oxygen is required for the stabilizer to function effectively.
It has to contain a stabilizer, and the storage temperature must not exceed 35 °C.
Under these conditions, a storage stability of one year can be expected.
In order to minimize the likelihood of over storage, the storage procedure should strictly follow the “first-in-first-out” principle.

For extended storage periods over 4 weeks, it is advisable to replenish the dissolved oxygen content.
Stainless steel or aluminum should be used for tanks and pipes.
Although Butyl acrylate does not corrode carbon steel, there is a risk of contamination if corrosion does occur.
Regulations for the storage of flammable liquids must be observed (explosion-proof electrical equipment, vented tanks with flame arresters, etc.).
Storage tanks, pumps, and pipes must be earthed.



HOW IS BUTYL ACRYLATE PRODUCED?
Butyl acrylate can be manufactured by reacting n-butanol with acrylic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst in an elevated temperature zone to produce butyl acrylate, water and other by-products.
The product mixture is then purified in a distillation zone to create a higher purity of butyl acrylate.
The typical yield of this process ranges between 94-97%.



HOW IS BUTYL ACRYLATE STORED AND DISTRIBUTED?
A chemical stockist would have a bulk petrochemical storage facility to maintain the product.
Storage is normally in a cool, dry and well ventilated facility away from oxidising agents.
Butyl acrylate should be kept out of direct sunlight, heat and open flames.
Solvents such as butyl acrylate should be stored in drummed containers such as isotanks made of stainless steel, aluminium or carbon steel.
A bulk solvent exporter would normally distribute Butyl acrylate in bulk vessels or tank trucks.
For transportation purposes, Butyl acrylate is classed as a flammable liquid with a fire hazard rating of 2.
A full bulk chemical distributor would export the solvent throughout regions such as the UK, Europe, Africa and America.
Butyl acrylate is a packing group 3.



BUTYL ACRYLATE FROM ACRYLIC ACID AND BUTANOL:
Butyl acrylate, the butyl ester of acrylic acid, is among the most industrially important acrylates (along with methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate).
The major use of butyl acrylate is in the production of acrylic polymers, and for making copolymers with polyethylene.
Butyl acrylate is also used in the formulation of paints, sealants, cleaning products and adhesives, as well as in amphoteric surfactants, aqueous resins, antioxidant agents, elastomers and dispersions for textiles and papers.

Butyl acrylate can be produced from several reactions involving acetylene, 1-butyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, nickel carbonyl, and hydrochloric acid among other chemicals.
On an industrial scale, butyl acrylate is produced from ester-grade acrylic acid and butanol, typically in plants that are integrated with acrylic acid facilities.
The present analysis discusses an industrial process for butyl acrylate production.
The process comprises two major sections: esterification; and purification.

-Esterification:
Acrylic acid, a small excess of butanol and p-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst are fed to the reaction system.
The esterification reactor is connected to a distillation system for continuous removal of water from the reactor medium.
This improves the reaction kinetics and shifts the reaction toward ester formation.
Organic compounds recovered in the bottoms are recycled to the esterification reactor, while water is used as a solvent for catalyst extraction.

-Purification:
Recovered water is fed to a catalyst extraction column to separate catalyst from previously cooled reaction product withdrawn from the second reactor.
The catalyst stream is recycled to the esterification reactor.
The crude product is fed to a wash column, where residues of acrylic acid and catalyst are neutralized with a caustic solution and separated from the crude product as the column bottom stream.

The top stream is distilled to recover butanol, which is sent to the dehydration distillation column upstream.
In the last purification step, a column separates residual organic heavy wastes from the crude butyl acrylate stream, yielding high-purity butyl acrylate as column overhead.
The organic heavy material is directed to the decomposer reactor, where extra butyl acrylate is recovered by the catalytic reaction of heavy byproducts.

-Production pathways:
Butyl acrylate is primarily made from acrylic acid and butanol, in a variety of manufacturing routes that differ according to the sources of raw materials.
In this context, typical butyl acrylate production routes are based on acrylic acid manufacturing, mostly via propylene oxidation, and, to a lesser extent, oxidative carbonylation of ethylene.



BENEFITS OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Mechanical strength, flexibility, durability, elasticity, low volatility, low odor
-Weather resistance, moisture resistance, UV resistance
-Crosslinking sites, can be copolymerized with other acrylates
-Low Tg (-45°C)
-Useful for feed stock synthesis Readily undergoes addition reactions.
-Hydrophobicity
-Adhesion
-Water resistance
-Low-temperature performance
-Strength & durability
-Flexibility
-Viscosity
-Weatherability



PHOTODEGRADATION OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Butyl Acrylate is indirectly photodegraded by reaction with hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere with an estimated half-life of approximately 1.2 days (calculated).
The degradation reaction occurs via hydrogen abstraction and addition to olefinic bonds leading to a breakdown of the molecule into
fragments which are further degradaded and at least will result in H20 and CO2.
No specific data on possible breakdown products of Butyl Acrylate are available.



STABILITY IN WATER:
The hydrolysis rate of Butyl Acrylate is extremely slow.
The hydrolysis at pH 3 and pH 7 was less than 2% after 28 days (measured) and the hydrolysis half-life was calculated to be 2800 days at pH 3 and 1100 days at pH 7, respectively.
The hydrolysis half-life at pH 11 was 243 minutes.



TRANSPORT BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS:
Distribution modeling using Mackay Level I indicates that Butyl Acrylate is likely to partition to the air compartment (94%) with smaller amounts partitioning into water (5.73%) and negligible amounts remaining in other environmental compartments (soil, sediment).
Comparable results were achieved with a Level III fugacity model, using realistic percentages of releases.
According to the US-EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) report 1999, releases of Butyl Acrylate were 96.3 % into air 3.4 % into water and 0.27 % into soil.
Also, as predicted in Level I fugacity modeling, the Level III fugacity model results indicate that the main distribution will be to the air compartment (89.4%), and smaller amounts will distribute into water (8.24 %), soil (2.39 %) and sediment (0.00963 %).
It should be noted that at the time modeling was performed, only 1999 TRI values were available, thus they were used in the Level III model instead of 2000 TRI values.



BIODEGRADATION OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
In a biodegradation assay, Butyl Acrylate was readily biodegradable: 100 mg test substance/l; sludge concentration: 30 mg/l; 61% biodegradation after 14 days expressed as BOD.
In a Closed Bottle Test (OECD-Guideline 301D) with secondary effluent of a domestic waste water treatment plant a biodegradation of 57.8 % within 28 days was achieved.



BIOACCUMULATION OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
No experimental data on bioaccumulation is available.
However, based on the log Pow of 2.38 and the calculated BCF of 13.1, only a low bioaccumulation potential is expected.



COPOLYMER DESIGN OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Combinations of butyl acrylate with other polymerizable monomers such as methyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, and other acrylate ester monomers allow the design of thousands of copolymer compositions.
Butyl acrylate copolymer formulations often contain four or more different co-monomers.
In this manner, the performance profiles of copolymers can be tailored to meet a broad range of end-use requirements.
As a cost-effective, low Tg “soft” monomer, Butyl acrylate is the co-monomer of choice to balance the hardness and softness, tackiness and block resistance, low temperature flexibility, strength and durability, and other key properties to facilitate end-use goals in the marketplace.

For polymers, the Tg is one of the most important parameters in controlling performance.
The Tg is the temperature at which the polymer transitions from a hard and glassy state to an elastomeric, soft and viscous state, when increasing the temperature.
This transition is reversible, in that the material will return to its hard and glassy state when cooled below the Tg.
So the location of the Tg influences many attributes, including surface properties, flexibility, hardness, strength, and the minimum film-forming temperatures.

The minimum film-forming temperature of an acrylic latex is the lowest temperature at which the emulsion system uniformly coalesces to form a continuous film.
But even with a fixed Tg, copolymers with different monomer combinations vary significantly in the properties of the final system.
Butyl acrylate is the principle acrylic ester monomer polymerized with methyl methacrylate, styrene, and vinyl acetate monomer to obtain the requisite degrees of hardness, flexibility and toughness in a copolymer system.
MMA (Tg 105°C) and styrene (Tg 100°C) increase hardness and cohesive strength and reduce tack.

In the copolymer composition, BA (Tg -45°C) increases flexibility, toughness, elongation, tack, and low-temperature properties.
Increasing the Butyl acrylate content will also reduce the minimum film forming temperature to below room temperature.
The copolymerizations are easily carried out using free radical polymerization techniques in an emulsion, solution or suspension process.
Low amounts of functional comonomers, such as acrylic, methacrylic or itaconic acids and hydroxyethyl acrylate/methacrylate are incorporated in the final composition to increase adhesion, facilitate crosslinking and in the case of emulsion systems, increase the latex stability.
Self-crosslinking chemistry based on diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), known as keto-hydrazide crosslinking, represents the most advanced technology for controlled crosslinking of acrylic latex polymers.
Butyl acrylate begins with copolymerizing low levels of DAAM into a copolymer followed by crosslinking through the pendant ketone moieties with ADH.



PAINT AND COATINGS OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
For weather resistance compositions, copolymers of Butyl acrylate and MMA are the preferred combination.
High quality and durable acrylic emulsions have revolutionized the paint industry.
Acrylics now account for over 25 percent of the global paint and coatings market, with ongoing displacement of solvent-borne acrylics and alkyds.
Paint and coatings based on VAM copolymers, including vinyl acrylic copolymers (e.g. VAM/BA) have the advantage of being lower in cost, but they suffer from reduced weatherability and have low UV resistance, as well as higher water absorption and hydrolysis of the vinyl ester moieties.

Polymeric binders based on styrene monomer and butyl acrylate exhibit lower water absorption, higher resistance to hydrolysis, and good wet scrub resistance.
Styrene as a raw material also reduces the monomer costs of associated copolymers.
But because styrene has poor UV resistance, all acrylic systems based on MMA and Butyl acrylate are preferred for outdoor use, particularly paints and coatings that have a low pigment content, such as varnishes, wood stains and high gloss paints.
In paint and coatings with high pigment volume concentrations (PVCs) of 35-55 percent, styrene-butyl acrylate based binders can be used outdoors, for example, in masonry coatings where moisture protection and resistance to water penetration is critical.



ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS:
The adhesive properties of acrylic copolymers can be widely varied and are defined by both the adhesive strength and cohesive strength.
For pressure-sensitive adhesives, tack is the other dominant property, most associated with low copolymer Tgs.
Variations in Butyl acrylate comonomer composition can change both the surface (adhesive) and bulk (cohesive properties).
The “hard,” higher-Tg polymer units, like MMA and styrene, show the highest cohesive strength characteristics.
The “soft,”, lower-Tg monomers like BA and 2-EHA contribute to the adhesive properties.
In addition, incorporation of polar monomers like acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate - at low levels - increases wetting of the substrate and interfacial bonding.
Low levels of crosslinking improve the cohesive strength. A balance of all of these and other parameters, such as rheological properties, polarity, and hydrophobicity must be achieved to meet the specific performance required in the adhesive.



THERMOPLASTIC ETHYLENE ACRYLATE COPOLYMERS:
Thermoplastic polymers of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA) are thermoplastic resins that can be easily processed on conventional blown-and-cast film and sheet-forming equipment.
They are produced in high-pressure autoclaves and tubular reactors via free-radical polymerization chemistries.
Highly compatible with PET, polyolefins, and polyamides, Butyl acrylate copolymers are used as impact modifiers to improve low-temperature toughness of polymer blends.
Butyl acrylate resins exhibit good adhesion to various polar and non-polar substrates.
Typical applications include extrusion coating and lamination, coextruded films for packaging, masterbatch compounds and hot melt adhesives.
These thermoplastic resin applications have pushed the CAGR above 4 percent for Butyl acrylate copolymers.



PRODUCTION OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Butyl acrylate can be produced by the acid-catalyzed esterification acrylic acid with butanol.
Since Butyl acrylate polymerizes easily, commercial preparations may contain a polymerization inhibitor such as hydroquinone, phenothiazine, or hydroquinone ethyl ether.
Butyl acrylate is produced by reacting butanol with acrylic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce butyl acrylate, water and other by-products.
Butyl acrylate mixture is purified by distillation.

Butyl acrylate can be manufactured via a reaction of acetylene, n-butyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, nickel carbonyl, and hydrochloric acid.
Butyl acrylate is commonly manufactured via an oxidation of propylene to acrolein and then to acrylic acid.
The acid is reacted with Butyl acrylate to yield the butyl ester .
Butyl acrylate is usually produced by a simple reaction between acrylic acid and n-butanol in the presence of an acid catalyst in a high temperature zone to with water as a by-product.

The esterification of acrylic acid and n-butanol by methyl acrylate method is carried out under the catalysis of sulfuric acid, followed by neutralization, water washing, alcohol removal and distillation to obtain the finished butyl acrylate.
Acrylic acid is obtained by oxidation of propylene or hydrolysis of acrylonitrile (see Methyl Acrylate Production method).
acrylonitrile hydrolysis method acrylonitrile is heated to 90 ° C.
Together with sulfuric acid to hydrolyze acrylonitrile to a sulfate of acrylamide, and the sulfate is further esterified to form an acrylic acid ester.

In recent years, there are patent reports that the yield of
Ester can reach 95% by using acrylonitrile as raw material and one-step production.
β-propiolactone method using acetic acid as raw material and triethyl phosphate as catalyst, ketene was synthesized by pyrolysis at 625~730 ℃, the gas phase reaction with anhydrous formaldehyde is then carried out in the presence of AICl3 or BF3 catalysts to form beta propiolactone.
Beta propiolactone directly with butanol and sulfuric acid instead of butyl acrylate.

Butyl acrylate should be purified to remove inhibitors prior to use:
1. Dry carefully the reaction vessel and purge it with dry argon or nitrogen.
2. Place butyl acrylate (1 ml, 7.0 mmol) in the reaction vessel together with anhydrous diethylene glycol (1 ml).
3. Add AIBN (0.010 g, 0.060 mmol) and shake the vessel firmly for a few seconds.
4. Purge the solution with dry argon or nitrogen and seal the vessel with an appropriate rubber septum.
5. Carry out the freeze-thaw-degassing procedure in the same time vacuum and purge the vessel with dry argon or nitrogen to ensure all oxygen is removed from the system.
6. Place the vessel in the cavity of the single-mode microwave reactor and heat the solution up to 65 °C for 10 min.
7. Remove the vessel from the reactor and allow to cool to room temperature.
8. Precipitate the resultant polymer into an ethanol solution (30 ml) and filter it through a filter paper.
9. Transfer the solid obtained to a large watch glass and dry it at air.
Once a consistent weight is achieved, record the crude yield.
Yields > 60% are typical.
10. Analyse the product using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to determine Mn and Mw. (Mn = 1.3105, Mw = 2.1104)



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Molar mass: 128.171 g·mol−1
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Strong, fruity
Density: 0.89 g/mL (20°C)
Melting point: −64 °C; −83 °F; 209 K
Boiling point: 145 °C; 293 °F; 418 K
Solubility in water: 0.1% (20°C)
Solubility: ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, carbon tetrachloride (slight)
Vapor pressure: 4 mmHg (20°C)


Molecular Weight: 128.17
XLogP3: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 128.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 128.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9


Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 97.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes


vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
vapor pressure: 3.3 mmHg ( 20 °C)
assay: ≥99%
form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 559 °F
contains: 10-60 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor
expl. lim.: 9.9 %
refractive index: n20/D 1.418 (lit.)
bp: 145 °C (lit.)
Molar Mass: 128.17
Density: 0.894 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)


Melting Point: -69 °C
Boling Point: 61-63°C60mm Hg(lit.)
Flash Point: 63°F
Water Solubility: 1.4 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: 1.7g/l
Vapor Presure: 3.3 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Clear Colorless
Odor: Fruity
Exposure Limit: TLV-TWA 10 ppm (～55 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Merck: 14,1539
BRN: 1749970



FIRST AID MEASURES of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
-After eye contact: rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).



SYNONYMS:
Butyl prop-2-enoate
n-Butyl acrylate
Butyl ester of acylic acid
Butyl-2-propenoateBUTYL ACRYLATE
n-Butyl acrylate
141-32-2
butyl prop-2-enoate
2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester
Acrylic acid butyl ester
n-Butyl propenoate
Butyl 2-propenoate
butylacrylate
Acrylic acid, butyl ester
Acrylic acid n-butyl ester
2-propenoic acid butyl ester
Butylester kyseliny akrylove
Poly(butyl acrylate)
Butyl acrylate homopolymer
Acrylic acid, n-butyl ester
CHEBI:3245
9003-49-0
705NM8U35V
NSC-5163
DSSTox_CID_4676
DSSTox_RID_77496
DSSTox_GSID_24676
n-butylacrylate
CAS-141-32-2
Butyl acrylate, n-
CCRIS 3401
HSDB 305
NSC 5163
EINECS 205-480-7
UN2348
BRN 1749970
UNII-705NM8U35V
AI3-15739
n-butyl-acrylate
Acrylic acid butyl
normal butyl acrylate
Butylacrylate, inhibited
Acrylic acid-butyl ester
Polymerized butyl acrylate
Butyl acrylates, inhibited
EC 205-480-7
SCHEMBL15037
n-Butyl acrylate, AR,99%
n-Butyl acrylate, CP,98%
4-02-00-01463
BIDD:ER0366
BUTYL ACRYLATE
WLN: 4OV1U1
N-BUTYL ACRYLATE
2-propenoic acid n-butyl ester
CHEMBL1546388
DTXSID6024676
N-BUTYL ACRYLATE
NSC5163
Butyl acrylate, analytical standard
ZINC1532055
Tox21_201387
Tox21_303296
MFCD00009446
STL280321
Butyl Acrylate, stabilized with MEHQ
AKOS000120041
Acrylic acid, butyl ester, homopolymer
Butyl Acrylate (stabilized with MEHQ)
UN 2348
NCGC00091107-01
NCGC00091107-02
NCGC00256946-01
NCGC00258938-01
BP-20380
LS-13309
Butyl acrylate, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester, homopolymer
A0142
FT-0621881
Butyl acrylate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
A807751
A845377
Q343005
J-007481
J-519959
Acrylic acid-butyl ester 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Z1258578290
Butyl acrylates, inhibited
Butyl acrylate, >=99%, contains 10-60 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor
141-32-2
205-480-7
2-Propenoic acid butyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester
4-02-00-01463
4-02-00-01463
705NM8U35V
acrylic acid butyl ester
Acrylic acid butyl ester
Acrylic acid n-butyl ester
Acrylic acid, butyl ester
Acrylic acid, n-butyl ester
Butyl 2-propenoate
butyl acrylate
butyl prop-2-enoate
butyl-2-propenoate
n-butyl acrylate
n-butyl propenoate
UD3150000
UNII-705NM8U35V
4OV1U1
Acrylic acid n -butyl ester
Acrylic acid-butyl ester
Butyl acrylate
Butyl prop-2-enoate
Butyl propenoate
butylacrylate
prop-2-enoic acid butyl ester
UN 2348
UNII:705NM8U35V
WLN: 4OV1U1
Butyl Acrylate
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl Acrylate
BUTYL-2-ACRYLATE
Butyl 2-Propenoate
butyl prop-2-enoate
Acrylsure-n-butylester
2-methylidenehexanoate
Propenoic acid n-butyl ester
2-Propenoic acid butyl ester
BUTYL ACRYLATE (STABILISED WITH HYDROQUI
N-BUTYL ACRYLATE , STABILIZED WITH 50PPM 4-METHOXYPHENOL