BROMOCHLOROPHENE, N° CAS : 15435-29-7, Nom INCI : BROMOCHLOROPHENE, Nom chimique : 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 239-446-8 Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,1 %. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables .Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a brominating agent mainly used in organic synthetic reactions as a bromide source.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound that is a high-melting white, crystalline solid resembling sodium chloride.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is widely used as a source of the bromide ion and has numerous applications.

CAS Number: 7647-15-6
Molecular Formula: NaBr
Molecular Weight: 102.89
EINECS Number: 231-599-9

Synonyms: Sodium Bromide: 7647-15-6, Sedoneural, Bromide salt of sodium, Bromnatrium, Sodium bromide (NaBr), Trisodium tribromide, sodium;bromide, NaBr, Natrum bromatum, Caswell No. 750A, HSDB 5039, UNII-LC1V549NOM, EINECS 231-599-9, LC1V549NOM, NSC 77384, NSC-77384, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 013907, Sodiumbromide, DTXSID3034903, CHEBI:63004, MFCD00003475, Sodium bromide [USP:JAN], CHEMBL1644694, DTXCID1014903, NSC 77384; Sanibrom 40, EC 231-599-9, Sodium bromide (USP:JAN), Bromnatrium [German], SODIUM BROMIDE (MART.), SODIUM BROMIDE [MART.], SODIUM BROMIDE (USP-RS), SODIUM BROMIDE [USP-RS], Sodium bromide [JAN], SODIUM BROMIDE (EP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM BROMIDE [EP MONOGRAPH], SODIUM BROMIDE (USP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM BROMIDE [USP MONOGRAPH], Natrium bromide, Sodium Bromide Powder, Sodium bromide (TN), Sodium bromide (JP17), Sodium bromide, ultra dry, Sodium bromide (Na3Br3), WLN: NA E, SODIUM BROMIDE [MI], Sodium bromide, ACS reagent, 12431-56-0, SODIUM BROMIDE [HSDB], NATRUM BROMATUM [HPUS], Density Standard 1251 kg/m3, SODIUM BROMIDE [WHO-DD], Sodium bromide, p.a., 99.0%, NSC77384, Tox21_301343, BR1200, AKOS024438090, Sodium bromide, BioXtra, >=99.0%, Sodium bromide, photo grade, compacted, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 013907, NCGC00255632-01, Sodium bromide, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Sodium bromide, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, CAS-7647-15-6, CS-0013794, NS00075684, S0546, Sodium bromide, 99.9955% (metals basis), Sodium bromide, BioUltra, >=99.5% (AT), Isotopic standard for bromine, NIST SRM 977, Sodium bromide, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, D02055, Q15768, Sodium bromide, >=99.99% trace metals basis, Sodium bromide, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, Sodium bromide, JIS special grade, 99.5-100.3%, Density Standard 1251 kg/m3, H&D Fitzgerald Ltd. Quality, Sodium bromide, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Sodium bromide, anhydrous, beads, -10 mesh, 99.999% trace metals basis, Sodium bromide, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99%, Sodium bromide, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), >=99%

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) crystallizes in the same cubic motif as NaCl, NaF, and NaI.
The anhydrous salt crystallizes above 50.7°C, while dihydrate salts (NaBr2H2O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7°C.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is widely used for the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a source of the bromide nucleophile to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides by the Finkelstein reaction.
Additionally, it is used in photography for preparing light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions and as a bleaching and disinfecting agent for water treatment in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs.

However, it is important to note that sodium bromide possesses anticonvulsant properties, and high blood levels of bromides may cause serious neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
Skin rashes are common, and high blood levels of bromides may cause serious neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
The great danger of toxicity in patients on low salt diets. Sodium bromide is moderately toxic by ingestion.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used as a catalyst for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, for increasing the density of aqueous drilling fluids for oil wells, as an electrolyte component in sodium-halogen batteries, as a brominating agent in organic synthesis, in preparing bromide salts, and as a laboratory reagent.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is important to handle sodium bromide with care due to its potential toxicity and associated hazards.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a colorless cubic crystal or white granular powder, and belongs to isometric system.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is odorless, and has slightly bitter and briny taste but high toxicity.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is easily to absorb moisture and caking but without deliquescence.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is slightly soluble in alcohol and easily soluble in water (at 100 °C, the solubility in 100ml water solubility is 121g), its aqueous solution is neutral with electronic conductivity.

The anhydrous Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) crystal will be precipitated out at 51°C with dihydrate compound forming at temperature lower than 51 °C.
Its bromide ion can be substituted by fluorine, and chlorine. Under acidic conditions, it can be oxidized by oxygen and release free bromine; this process is taken advantage of by industry for producing bromine.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can have reaction with dilute sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen bromide.

However, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a strong acid which can’t be produced through the reaction with dilute sulfuric acid and can only made through high-boiling point acid to make low-boiling point acid.
However, should avoid to use concentrated sulfuric acid which has strong oxidation effect and thus converting bromine (-1) into bromine element and release reddish-brown gas.
This method can be used to identify sodium iodide (Heating sodium iodide and concentrated sulfuric acid together will release red-purple gases), Thereby, we can only take the concentrated phosphoric acid together with sodium bromine for heating to produce hydrogen bromine.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) ions can enhance the inhibitor process of brain cortex, and promote their concentration.
Therefore, medically it can be used as tranquilizers, and hypnotic or anticonvulsant drugs.
When human swallow or inhale the compounds, it will cause harm to central nervous system, brain, and eye while causing irritation response of skin, eyes and also the respiratory tract.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a colorless cubic crystal or white granular powder.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is odorless, and has slightly bitter and briny taste but high toxicity.
It is easily soluble in water (at 100 °C, the solubility in 100ml water solubility is 121g), but slightly soluble in alcohol.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a brominating agent mainly used in organic synthetic reactions as a bromide source.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a chemical compound that exists as a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
The compound is inorganic, soluble in water, and has the molecular formula NaBr.

Because Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is comprised of ionically bonded sodium atoms to bromine atoms, it is often used as a source of bromide ions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) Technical 25kg Sodium bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.
It is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) crystallizes in the same cubic motif as sodium chloride, sodium fluoride and sodium iodide.
The anhydrous salt crystallizes above 50.7 °C.

Dihydrate salts (NaBr·2H2O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7 °C.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine.

This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of sodium bromide with chlorine gas: [2 NaBr + Cl2 → Br2 + 2 NaCl].
Until 1975, sodium bromide was used in medicine as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) Technical is widely used in the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a source of the bromide nucleophile, used to convert alkyl chlorides to be more reactive alkyl bromides, this is done via the Finkelstein reaction.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used to prepare the photosensitive salt, silver bromide, used in photography.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used in conjunction with chlorine as a disinfectant in both hot tubs and swimming pools.

Finally, because of its high solubility in water, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used to prepare dense drilling fluids that are used in oil wells to compensate a possible overpressure arising in the fluid column and to counteract the associated trend to blow out.
The presence of the Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) cation also causes the bentonite added to the drilling fluid to swell, while the high ionic strength induces the bentonite flocculation.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can only be delivered to commercial premises

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine.
This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of NaBr with chlorine gas: 2 NaBr + Cl2 → Br2 + 2 NaCl

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also known as Trisodium tribromide, Bromnatrium, 7647-15-6, NaBr, Bromide salt of sodium, Sedoneural, Sodium bromide (NaBr) and comes with Molecular Formula of BrNa and Molecular Weight of 102.893769.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is prepared through addition of excess bromine to sodium hydroxide solution that assists in formation of a mixture of bromide and bromine.

Post mixture, the reaction products are evaporated to dry state and further treated with carbon for reducing bromate to bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is available in form of white crystals, granules, or powder/white, cubic crystal option and has feebly bitter taste.
Its other properties include Boiling Point of 1390°C, Melting Point of 755°C, Density/Specific Gravity of 3.21, pH of 6.5-8.0 and solubility in alcohol (moderate) and in water (94.6 g/100 g water at 25°C).

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a white granular salt that is very similar to it’s cousin sodium chloride – or regular salt.
And just like Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide)’s cousin, the important bit is the part that comes at the end of name – bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is very similar to chlorine.

They are both halogens that are very good at sanitizing water.
But they do have some key differences between them.
One of the key differences is how they appear in pure form; chlorine is gas and bromine is a much heavier gas, to the point of being almost a liquid.

In water, they both behave very similarly.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) added to water will form Hypobromous acid and Hydrobromic Acid, just like chlorine forms Hypochlorous acid and Hydrochloric acid.
And Hypobromous acid also disassociates based on pH to form hypobromite just like hypochlorous acid does to form hypochlorite.

Similarly, the “hypo” is considered to be the better form at disinfection.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound in its dry form a white crystalline powder with a salty and somewhat bitter taste.
The chemical formula for sodium bromide in NaBr.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a white crystal or white, granular powder having the odour of sulphur dioxide.
It does not occur as a natural solid due to its solubility, it is extracted from ocean water along with chlorides, iodides and halites.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) possesses anticonvulsant properties of any bromide salt and is one of the most common salts of hydrobromic acid.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is represented by the chemical formula NaBr.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) consists of a sodium cation (Na+) and a bromide anion (Br-).
It crystallizes in a cubic crystal lattice structure, similar to other alkali metal halides.

Physical Properties: Sodium bromide is a white, crystalline solid.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) has a high melting point of 755°C (1,391°F) and a boiling point of 1,390°C (2,534°F).
The density of sodium bromide is approximately 3.2 g/cm³.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is soluble in water, with a solubility of about 905 g/L at 20°C.
Preparation: Sodium bromide is typically prepared by treating sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with hydrogen bromide (HBr).
The reaction can be represented by the equation: NaOH + HBr → NaBr + H2O.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can also be obtained as a byproduct in the production of other bromine compounds.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in the preparation of light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions for photographic films and papers.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is added to aqueous drilling fluids used in oil and gas drilling operations to increase the density and stabilize the fluid.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent in water treatment for swimming pools, hot tubs, and spas.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as a source of bromide ions in organic synthesis reactions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is particularly employed in the Finkelstein reaction to convert alkyl chlorides to alkyl bromides.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as a reagent in various laboratory procedures, such as titrations and chemical analysis.
While Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is generally considered safe when used appropriately, it is important to note that high levels of bromides in the blood can cause neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is crucial to handle sodium bromide with care and follow appropriate safety precautions.

Melting point: 755 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1390 °C
Density: 3,203 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 806 °C)
refractive index: 1.6412
Flash point: 1390°C
storage temp.: Store at room temperature.
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
for: Powder
Specific Gravity: 3.21
color: White
PH: 5.74 (430g/l, H2O, 22.5℃)
Water Solubility: 905 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,8594
BRN: 3587179
Dielectric constant: 6.3399999999999999
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids. Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 0 at 25℃

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) Solution is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.nH2O.
It is a high-boiling colorless, odorless liquid that resembles sodium chloride.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) liquid is a single salt used to form clear- brine workover and completion fluids.
These fluids are used where formation pressures require densities from 8.4 to 12.8 lb/gal (1,007 to 1,534 kg/m) or where the formation waters contain high concentrations of bicarbonate and sulfate ions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be mixed with NaCl to obtain densities up to 12.8 lb/gal (1,534 kg/m).

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide)/NaCl systems are more economical than pure NaBr solutions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide), is a white, hygroscopic, crystalline solid with a bitter, saline taste.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is water soluble,with a melting point of 758°C (1400 OF).

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in medicine as a sedative and in photography in the preparation of silver bromide emulsion on photographic plates or films.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) occurs in seawater at an average concentration of 0.008%.
It also is found naturally in some salt deposits.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in photography for preparing light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions.
The salt also is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent for water treatement in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs.
Other uses are as a catalyst for partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, for increasing density of aqueous drillng fluids for oil wells, as an electrolyte component in sodium-halogen batteries, as a brominating agent in organic synthesis, in preparing bromide salts, and as a laboratory reagent.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in medicine as a sedative and hypnotic.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.
It is a bromide salt and an inorganic sodium salt.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in photographic processingand in analytical chemistry.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is compatible with most non-metallic materials of construction such as polypropylene, polyethylene, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), cellulose, cloth, coatings, rubbers, etc.
Metals can also be used provided the Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is kept dry.

If the Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) becomes wet, steel will suffer general corrosion and stainless steels and aluminum will suffer pitting attack.
The rates of attack will depend upon the amount of oxygen present but in general will not be rapid.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is generally immediately available in most volumes.

High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications.
The bromide ion in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding carbon disulfide (CS2) and chlorine.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be prepared by several methods.
Pure salt can be made by neutralizing sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate with hydrobromic acid.
The solution is evaporated for crystallization:NaOH + HBr → NaBr + H2O NaCO3 + HBr → NaBr + CO2 + H2O

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be made by passing bromine through an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or carbonate in the presence of a reducing agent, such as ammonia, hydrazine, activated charcoal, or Fe2+ ion.
A typical method involves adding iron to bromine water to form ferrosoferric bromide, Fe[FeBr5].
This double salt is dissolved in excess water followed by addition of sodium carbonate.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) mixture is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated to crystallize sodium bromide.
The overall reaction may be written as follows: 3Fe + 4Br2 + 4Na2CO3 → 8NaBr + FeCO3 + Fe2(CO3)3
Another method involves adding excess bromine to a solution of sodium hydroxide.

This forms Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) and bromate.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) solution is evapoated to dryness.
The bromate is reduced to bromide by heating with carbon: 3Br2 + 2NaOH + H2O → NaBr + NaBrO3 + 4HBr.

Production method:
Urea reduction: dissolve soda ash (sodium carbonate), urea in hot water, and fed into the reactor; gradually add bromine for reaction and generate Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide).
Then further add active carbon for decolorization; further undergo filtration, evaporation, crystallization, centrifugal separation, and drying to obtain sodium bromide products.
The reaction is as following：3Br2 + 3Na2CO3 + NH2CONH2 → 6NaBr + 4CO2 ↑ + N2 ↑ + 2H2O

Neutralization method: add about 40% hydrobromic acid into the reactor, stir and slowly add 40% caustic solution for neutralization to Ph 7.5~8 for generating sodium bromide; after isolated by centrifugation, evaporation, crystallization and centrifuged again separation, then we can obtain the final product of sodium bromide.
The reaction is: HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O

Uses:
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be used as raw material in the preparation of liquid photographic film; medically as sedative, the brominating agent in printing and dyeing; it can also be used in synthetic fragrances and other chemicals.
Photographic industry applies it for the preparation of liquid photosensitive film.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is medically used for the production of diuretics and sedatives.

Perfume industry uses it for the production of synthetic fragrances.
Printing and dyeing industry use Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) as a brominating agent.
In addition, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be also be used for organic synthesis and so on.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used for the photographic industry, spices, pharmaceutical and printing industries.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used for the reagents for analysis, and can also be used for the synthesis of inorganic and organic compounds and pharmaceutical industry.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is sued for photographic film, medicines, perfumes, dyes and other industries.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be applied to determination of trace cadmium and Manufacturing of bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can also be applied to inorganic and organic synthesis, photogravure and pharmaceuticals.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a high-tonnage chemical and one of the most important of the bromide salts (NaBr2).

High-purity grades are required in the formulation of silver bromide emulsions for photography.
The compound, usually in combination with hypochlorites, is used as a bleach, notably for cellulosics.
The production of sodium bromide simply involves the neutralization of HBr with NaOH or with sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compoiund used as a catalyst in the photoinduced polymerization of acrylates.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is the most useful inorganic bromide in industry.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used as a catalyst in TEMPO-mediated oxidation reactions.

Also known as Sedoneural, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) has been used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Its action is due to the bromide ion, and for this reason potassium bromide is equally effective.
In 1975, bromides were removed from drugs in the U.S. such as Bromo-Seltzer due to toxicity.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is widely used as a source of the bromide ion in chemical synthesis.
It is particularly employed in the Finkelstein reaction to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides.
This reaction utilizes sodium bromide as the source of the bromide nucleophile, resulting in the production of alkyl bromides under suitable conditions.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized in the preparation of light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions for photographic films and papers.
These emulsions play a crucial role in the development of photographic materials.
In the water treatment industry, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) serves as a bleaching and disinfecting agent.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used for water treatment in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs, where its germicidal properties contribute to maintaining water quality.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) finds significant use in the oil and gas drilling industry.
It is a principal consumer in this sector and is employed for various purposes related to drilling operations.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized as an antiseptic and detergent in certain applications.
Its properties make it suitable for use in these capacities.
In laboratory settings, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is employed as a reagent in pharmaceutical preparations and various chemical analyses.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) serves as a valuable source of the bromide ion in chemical synthesis.
It is commonly employed in organic reactions, such as the Finkelstein reaction, to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides.
In the field of photography, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in the preparation of light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions.

These emulsions are essential components in the production of photographic films and papers.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is employed as a bleaching and disinfecting agent in water treatment applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized in maintaining water quality in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs.

Within the oil and gas industry, sodium bromide finds significant use in drilling operations.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is added to aqueous drilling fluids to increase density and stabilize the fluid during drilling processes.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized in certain applications as an antiseptic and detergent due to its properties.

In laboratory settings, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) serves as a reagent in pharmaceutical preparations and various chemical analyses.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is sometimes utilized as a fire retardant in certain applications.
Its ability to inhibit or slow down the spread of fire makes it useful in specific fire safety measures.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in veterinary medicine as an anticonvulsant.
It can be prescribed to control seizures in animals, particularly dogs.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is employed as an electrolyte component in sodium-halogen batteries.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) helps facilitate the flow of ions between the battery's electrodes, contributing to its overall functionality.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized as a brominating agent in organic synthesis reactions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can selectively introduce bromine atoms into organic compounds, enabling the synthesis of various brominated products.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can act as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions.
It can enhance the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.
In the petroleum industry, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used to increase the density of aqueous drilling fluids.

This helps to control pressure and prevent blowouts during oil and gas drilling operations.
Standard Reference Material: Sodium bromide is utilized as a standard reference material in analytical chemistry and quality control.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be employed to calibrate instruments, validate analytical methods, and ensure accuracy in measurements.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as an isotopic standard for bromine in scientific research and analysis.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be utilized as a reference material to compare and determine the isotopic composition of other bromine-containing compounds.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by ingestion.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Incompatible with acids, alkaloidal and heavy-metal salts.

When heated to decomposition Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) emits toxic fumes of Brand NazO.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) has a very low toxicity with an oral LD50 estimated at 3.5 g/kg for rats.
However, this is a single-dose value.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) ion is a cumulative toxin with a relatively long half life.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is considered a mild eye and skin irritant based on animal studies.
Bromine salts, including Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide), can act as central nervous system (CNS) depressants at doses of 1 to 2 grams per day.

High blood levels of bromides may cause serious neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is important to handle sodium bromide with care due to its potential toxicity.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) may have incompatibilities with strong acids and bromine trifluoride.
When sodium bromide decomposes, it can release hazardous substance

Bromoform is a brominated organic solvent, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform.
Bromoform is widely used as a solvent for waxes, oils and greases.
Miscible with Bromoform, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, diethyl ether and oils.

CAS Number: 75-25-2
EC Number: 200-854-6
Molar Mass: 252.75 g/mol
Chemical Formula: CHBr3

Bromoform (CHBr3) is a brominated organic solvent, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform.
Bromoform is one of the four haloforms, the others being fluoroform, chloroform, and iodoform.

Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide.
Currently Bromoform main use is as a laboratory reagent.

Bromoform is widely used as a solvent for waxes, oils and greases.
Bromoform is utilized for mineral ore separation in geological tests.

Bromoform is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis as well as a laboratory reagent.
Bromoform is the ingredient of fire-resistant chemicals and fluid gauges.
Bromoform acts as a sedative and as cough reducing agent.

Bromoform is a brominated organic solvent with the formula CHBr3.
Bromoform has an odor similar to chloroform and Bromoform density is very high (2,89).
Miscible with chloroform, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, diethyl ether and oils.

Bromoform, also known as Tribromomethane or Methyl tribromide, is classified as a member of the Trihalomethanes.
Trihalomethanes are organic compounds in which exactly three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms.
Trace amounts of 1,2-dibromoethane occur naturally in the ocean, where Bromoform is formed probably by algae and kelp.

Bromoform is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound.
Exposure to bromoform may occur from the consumption of chlorinated drinking water.

The acute (short-term) effects from inhalation or ingestion of high levels of bromoform in humans and animals consist of nervous system effects such as the slowing down of brain functions, and injury to the liver and kidney.
Chronic (long-term) animal studies indicate effects on the liver, kidney, and central nervous system (CNS) from oral exposure to bromoform.

Human data are considered inadequate in providing evidence of cancer by exposure to bromoform, while animal data indicate that long-term oral exposure can cause liver and intestinal tumors.
Bromoform has been classified as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.
Most of the bromoform that enters the environment is formed as disinfection byproducts known as the trihalomethanes when chlorine is added to drinking water or swimming pools to kill bacteria.

In the past, Bromoform was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now Bromoform is mainly used as a laboratory reagent.
Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35.

Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock.
Bromoform is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform.

Bromoform (CHBr3) is a brominated organic solvent, pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very highdensity, and sweet odor is similar to that of.
Bromoform is a trihalomethane, and is one of the four haloforms, the others beingfluoroform, and iodoform.

Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating with aluminum bromide.
Currently Bromoform main use is as a laboratory reagent.

Bromoform is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Bromoform is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Bromoform (CHBr3) is a pale yellowish liquid with a sweet odor similar to chloroform, a halomethane or haloform.
Bromoform refractive index is 1.595 (20 °C, D).

Small amounts are formed naturally by plants in the ocean.
Bromoform is somewhat soluble in water and readily evaporates into the air.
Most of the bromoform that enters the environment is formed as byproducts when chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria.

Bromoform is one of the trihalomethanes closely related with fluoroform, chloroform and iodoform.
Bromoform is soluble in about 800 parts water and is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, acetone, and oils.
Bromoform LD50 is 7.2 mmol/kg in mice, or 1.8g/kg.

Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite or by the electrolysis of alcoholic solution of potassium or sodium bromide.

Bromoform is used as a solvent and to make pharmaceuticals.
Often stabilized with 1 to 3% ethanol.

Applications of Bromoform:
Bromoform is widely used as a solvent for waxes, oils and greases.
Bromoform is utilized for mineral ore separation in geological tests.

Bromoform is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis as well as a laboratory reagent.
Bromoform is the ingredient of fire-resistant chemicals and fluid gauges.
Bromoform acts as a sedative and as cough reducing agent.

Uses of Bromoform:
As a fluid for mineral ore separation; as a laboratory reagent; in the electronics industry for quality assurance programs; formerly as a sedative and antitussive

Bromoform is a colorless to yellow liquid with a density about three times that of water.
Bromoform has an odor and sweetish taste similar to chloroform and is not combustible.

Bromoform has been used as a degreasing solvent, in chemical synthesis, and in fire extinguishers, and is no longer used as a sedative for children with whooping cough.
Currently, bromoform is produced only in small amounts for use in laboratories and in geological and electronics testing.

In separating mixtures of minerals.
Bromoform is used as a fluid for mineral ore separation in geological tests, as a laboratory reagent, and in the electronics industry in quality assurance programs.

Bromoform was formerly used as a solvent for waxes, greases, and oils, as an ingredient in fire-resistant chemicals and in fluid gauges.
Bromoform was also used in the early part of this century as a medicine to help children with whooping cough get to sleep.
Currently, bromoform is only produced in small amounts for use in laboratories and in geological and electronics testing.

Bromoform is used as a fluid for mineral ore separation in geological tests, as a laboratory reagent, and in the electronics industry in quality assurance programs.
Bromoform was formerly used as a solvent for waxes, greases, and oils, as an ingredient in fire-resistant chemicals and in fluid gauges.
Bromoform has also been used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, as a sedative, and as a cough suppression agent.

Only small quantities of bromoform are currently produced industrially in the United States.
In the past, Bromoform was used as a solvent, and flame retardant, but now Bromoform is mainly used as a laboratory reagent, for example as an extraction solvent.

Bromoform's high density makes Bromoform useful for separation of minerals by density.
When two samples are mixed with bromoform and then allowed to settle, the top layer will contain minerals lighter than bromoform, and the bottom layer will contain heavier minerals.
Slightly less dense minerals can be separated in the same way by mixing the bromoform with a small amount of a less dense and fully miscible solvent.

Bromoform is used as a fluid for mineral ore separation in geological tests, as a laboratory reagent, and in the electronics industry in quality assurance programs.
Bromoform has also been used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, as a sedative, and as a cough suppression agent.

Only small quantities of bromoform are currently produced industrially in the United States.
In the past, Bromoform was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now Bromoform is mainly used as a laboratory reagent, for example as an extraction solvent.

Bromoform also has medical uses; injections of bromoform are sometimes used instead of epinephrine to treat severe asthma cases.

Bromoform's high density makes Bromoform useful for separation of minerals by density.
When two samples are mixed with bromoform and then allowed to settle, the top layer will contain minerals less dense than bromoform, and the bottom layer will contain denser minerals.
Slightly less dense minerals can be separated in the same way by mixing the bromoform with a small amount of a less dense and miscible solvent.

Bromoform is known as an inhibitor of methanogenesis and is a common component of seaweed.
Following research by CSIRO and Bromoform spin-off FutureFeed, several companies are now growing seaweed, in particular from the genus Asparagopsis, to use as a feed additive for livestock to reduce methane emissions from ruminants.

Bromoform is used as a intermediate for pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds; also used as a solvent for waxes and oils.
Bromoform is used for synth of pharmaceuticals; used in shipbuilding, aircraft, and aerospace industries; used in fire extinguishers.

Bromoform is used as a heavy liquid floatation agent in mineral separation, sedimentary petrographical surveys, and purification of materials such as quartz.
Bromoform is used as an industrial solvent in liquid-solvent extractions, in nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
Bromoform is used as a catalyst, initiator, or sensitizer in polymer reactions, and in vulcanization of rubber.

Use Classification of Bromoform:
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Health Hazards - Carcinogens

Therapeutic Uses of Bromoform:
Bromoform was formerly used as an antiseptic and sedative.

Typical Properties of Bromoform:

Chemical Properties:
Bromoform is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweetish odor is similar to that of chloroform.
Bromoform is slightly soluble in water and is nonflammable.
Bromoform can form in drinking water as a by-product from the reaction of chlorine with dissolved organic matter and bromide ions.

Physical properties:
Clear, colorless to yellow liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
Odor threshold concentration in water is 0.3 mg/kg

Bromoform is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweetish odor.
The chemical formula for bromoform is CBr3H and the molecular weight is 252.75 g/mol.

The vapor pressure for bromoform is 5 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Bromoform has an octanol/water partition coefficient(log Kow) of 2.38.
Bromoform has an odor threshold of 1.3 parts per million (ppm).

Bromoform is slightly soluble in water and is nonflammable.
Bromoform can form in drinking water as a by-product from the reaction of chlorine with dissolved organic matter and bromide ions.

Manufacturing Methods of Bromoform:
Prepared from acetone and sodium hypobromite.

By heating acetone or ethanol with bromine and alkali hyroxide and recovery of distillation (similar to acetone process of chloroform).

Analytic Laboratory Methods of Bromoform:
To support studies exploring the relation between exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and health effects, we have developed an automated analytical method using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

This method quantitates trace levels of THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) and methyl tertiary-butyl ether in tap water.
Detection limits of less than 100 ng/L for all analytes and linear ranges of three orders of magnitude are adequate for measuring the THMs in tap water samples tested from across the United States.

Method: NIOSH 1003, Issue 3
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: bromoform
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 6.0 ug/sample.

Method: ASTM D5790
Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Analyte: bromoform
Matrix: treated drinking water, wastewater, and ground water
Detection Limit: 0.2 ug/L.

Method: EPA-EAD 601
Procedure: gas chromatography with electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric detector
Analyte: bromoform
Matrix: municipal and industrial discharges
Detection Limit: 0.2 ug/L.

Clinical Laboratory Methods of Bromoform:
To support studies exploring the relation between exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and adverse health effects, an automated analytical method was developed using capillary gas chromatography (GC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with selected ion mass detection and isotope-dilution techniques.
This method quantified trace levels of THMs (including chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in human blood.

Analyte responses were adequate for measuring background levels after extraction of these volatile organic compounds with either purge-and-trap extraction or headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME).
The SPME method was chosen because of Bromoform ease of use and higher throughput.

Detection limits for the SPME GC-MS method ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 ng/L, with linear ranges of three orders of magnitude.
This method proved adequate for measuring the THMs and MTBE in most blood samples tested from a diverse U.S. reference population.

Purification Methods of Bromoform:
The storage and stability of bromoform and chloroform are similar.
Ethanol, added as a stabilizer, is removed by washing with H2O or with saturated CaCl2 solution, and the CHBr3, after drying with CaCl2 or K2CO3, is fractionally distilled.

Prior to distillation, CHBr3 has also been washed with conc H2SO4 until the acid layer is no longer coloured, then dilute NaOH or NaHCO3, and H2O.
A further purification step is fractional crystallisation by partial freezing.

Structure of Bromoform:
The molecule adopts tetrahedral molecular geometry with C3v symmetry.

MeSH Pharmacological Classification of Bromoform:

Carcinogens:
Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals.
Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

Teratogens:
An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.

Environment and Toxicology of Bromoform:
Natural production of bromoform by phytoplankton and seaweeds in the ocean is thought to be Bromoform predominant source in the environment.

However, locally significant amounts of bromoform enter the environment formed as disinfection byproducts known as trihalomethanes when chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria.
Bromoform is somewhat soluble in water and readily evaporates into the air.

Bromoform is the main trihalomethane produced in beachfront salt water swimming pools with concentrations as high as 1.2 ppm (parts per million).
Concentrations in freshwater pools are 1000 times lower.
Occupational skin exposure limits are set at 0.5 ppm.

Bromoform may be hazardous to the environment, and special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.
Bromoform volatility and environmental persistence makes bromoform's release, either as liquid or vapor, strongly inadvisable.

Bromoform can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and through the skin.
Bromoform is irritating to the respiratory tract, the eyes, and the skin, and may cause effects on the central nervous system and liver, resulting in impaired functions.

Bromoform is soluble in about 800 parts water and is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, acetone, and oils.
Bromoform LD50 is 7.2 mmol/kg in mice, or 1.8g/kg.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that bromoform is not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.
The EPA classified bromoform as a probable human carcinogen.

Safe Storage of Bromoform:
Separated from strong bases, oxidants, metals and food and feedstuffs.
Keep in the dark.
Ventilation along the floor.

Store only if stabilized.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Reactivity Profile of Bromoform:
Heating Bromoform to decomposition produces highly toxic fumes of carbon oxybromide (carbonyl bromide) and hydrogen bromide.
Reaction with powdered potassium or sodium hydroxide, Li or Na/K alloys, is violently exothermic.
Explosive reaction with crown ethers in the presence of potassium hydroxide.

Safety Profile of Bromoform:
Suspected carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data.
A human poison by ingestion.

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes.
Human mutation data reported.

Bromoform can damage the liver to a serious degree and cause death.
Bromoform has anesthetic properties simdar to those of chloroform, but is not sufficiently volatile for inhalation purposes and is far too toxic for human use.
As a sedative and antitussive Bromoform medicinal application has resulted in numerous poisonings.

Inhalation of small amounts causes irritation, provoking the flow of tears and saliva, and reddening of the face.
Abuse can lead to adhction and serious consequences.
Explosive reaction with crown ethers or potassium hydroxide.

Violent reaction with acetone or bases.
Incompatible with Li or NaK alloys.
When heated to decomposition Bromoform emits hghly toxic fumes of Br-.

First Aid of Bromoform:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER:
Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring.
Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, Bromoform chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure.

Fire Fighting of Bromoform:

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do Bromoform without risk.
Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter Bromoform.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Bromoform:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)

Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Isolation and Evacuation of Bromoform:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Bromoform:

Personal protection:
Complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.

Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Wear respiratory protection.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Disposal Methods of Bromoform:
Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U225, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations.
Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria.

Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur.
Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal.

If Bromoform is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, Bromoform must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.

Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of Bromoform.
Dissolve or mix Bromoform with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.
A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.
If packaged as an aerosol, be careful when releasing in an incinerator or Bromoform will blow past the combustion zone.

Preventive Measures of Bromoform:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Wear respiratory protection.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.
Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling Bromoform.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with Bromoform.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.

Nonfire Spill Response of Bromoform:
Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Stop leak if you can do Bromoform without risk.
Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.

SMALL SPILL:
Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Identifiers of Bromoform:
CAS number: 75-25-2
EC index number: 602-007-00-X
EC number: 200-854-6
Hill Formula: CHBr₃
Molar Mass: 252.75 g/mol
HS Code: 2903 69 19
Quality Level: MQ200

Boiling point: 149.5 °C (1013 mbar)
Density: 2.89 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 30 °C does not flash
Melting Point: 8.0 °C
Vapor pressure: 7.5 hPa (25 °C)
Solubility: 3.2 g/l

CAS Number: 75-25-2
Abbreviations: R-20B3
UN: 2515
Beilstein Reference: 1731048
ChEBI: CHEBI:38682
ChEMBL: ChEMBL345248
ChemSpider: 13838404
DrugBank: DB03054
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.777
EC Number: 200-854-6
Gmelin Reference: 49500
KEGG: C14707
MeSH: bromoform
PubChem CID: 5558
RTECS number: PB5600000
UNII: TUT9J99IMU
UN number: 2515
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1021374
InChI: InChI=1S/CHBr3/c2-1(3)4/h1H
Key: DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: BrC(Br)Br

Properties of Bromoform:
Chemical formula: CHBr3
Molar mass: 252.731 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 2.89 g mL−1
Melting point: −4 to 16 °C; 25 to 61 °F; 269 to 289 K
Boiling point: 147 to 151 °C; 296 to 304 °F; 420 to 424 K
Solubility in water: 3.2 g L−1 (at 30 °C)
log P: 2.435
Vapor pressure: 670 Pa (at 20.0 °C)
Henry's law constant (kH): 17 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa): 13.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -82.60·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.595

Molecular Weight: 252.73
XLogP3-AA: 2.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 251.76079
Monoisotopic Mass: 249.76284
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count : 4
Complexity: 8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Bromoform:
Assay (GC, area %) : ≥ 98.0 %
Identity (IR-spectrum): passes test
Density: 2.81
Melting Point: 8°C to 9°C
Boiling Point: 148°C to 150°C
Flash Point: None
UN Number: UN2515
Beilstein: 1731048
Merck Index: 14,1420
Refractive Index: 1.585
Quantity: 250g
Solubility Information: Slightly soluble in water.
Sensitivity: Light sensitive
Formula Weight: 252.73
Percent Purity: 97%
Chemical Name or Material: Bromoform, Stabilized with ethanol

Thermochemistry of Bromoform:
Heat capacity (C): 130.5 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): 6.1–12.7 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −549.1–−542.5 kJ mol−1

Related compounds of Bromoform:

Related alkanes:
Dibromomethane
Tetrabromomethane
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Tetrabromoethane

Names of Bromoform:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Tribromomethane

Other names:
Bromoform
Methenyl tribromide
Methyl tribromide
Tribromomethane

Synonyms of Bromoform:
Tribromomethane
Methane tribromide
Methyl tribromide
Bromoform
tribromomethane
75-25-2
Methane, tribromo-
Tribrommethan
Methenyl tribromide
Methyl tribromide
Tribrommethaan
Tribromometan
Bromoforme
Bromoformio
CHBr3
RCRA waste number U225
NCI-C55130
UNII-TUT9J99IMU
NSC 8019
TUT9J99IMU
CHEBI:38682
MFCD00000128
Bromoforme
Bromoformio
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethan
Tribromometan
CCRIS 98
Bromoform
MBR
HSDB 2517
EINECS 200-854-6
UN2515
RCRA waste no. U225
BRN 1731048
bromo form
AI3-28587
Tri bromo methane
WLN: EYEE
Bromoform, technical grade
DSSTox_CID_1374
DSSTox_RID_76118
DSSTox_GSID_21374
SCHEMBL18691
4-01-00-00082
BIDD:ER0622
Bromoform, puriss., 97.0%
CHEMBL345248
DTXSID1021374
NSC8019
Bromoform
AMY21869
BCP10566
Bromoform (stabilized with Ethanol)
NSC-8019
ZINC8101061
Tox21_200189
Bromoform 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Bromoform, 96%, stab. with ethanol
AKOS009031540
AT27291
Bromoform 5000 microg/mL in Methanol
DB03054
UN 2515
CAS-75-25-2
Bromoform, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
NCGC00091318-01
NCGC00091318-02
NCGC00257743-01
BP-21414
I606
Tribromomethane (stabilized with Ethanol)
Tribromomethane 100 microg/mL in Methanol
B0806
FT-0623248
FT-0623471
S0653
T0348
Bromoform, amylene stabilized, analytical standard
Q409799
J-519947
Bromoform, contains 1-3% ethanol as stabilizer, 96%
F0001-1896
Bromoform - contains 60-120ppm 2-Methyl-2-butene as stabilizer
BROMOFORM (CONTAINS 60-120PPM 2-METHYL-2-BUTENE AS STABILIZER)
Bromoform, contains 60-120 ppm 2-methyl-2-butene as stabilizer, 99%
220-823-0
2909-52-6
Bromform
Bromoform
Bromoforme
Bromoformi
Bromoformio
Bromofórmio
Bromoformo
CHBr3
Methane, tribromo-
methyl tribromide
MFCD00000128
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethan
tribromometano
tribromometano
tribromomethane
Tribromométhane
[75-25-2]
200-854-6MFCD00000128
4471-18-5
Bromoform - contains 60-120ppm 2-Methyl-2-butene as stabilizer
Bromoform|Tribromomethane
Bromoform-d
Bromoforme
Bromoforme
Bromoformio
Bromoformio
MBR
METHENYL TRIBROMIDE
Tri bromo methane
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethan
Tribrommethan
tribromo methane
Tribromometan
Tribromometan
Tribromomethane, Methane tribromide, Methyl tribromide
TRIBROMOMETHANE|TRIBROMOMETHANE
WLN: EYEE

MeSH of Bromoform:
bromoform
tribromomethane

borax; Borax; Borates, Tetrasodium Salts, Decahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate, Sodium Pyroborate Decahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Disodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Sodium Borate Decahydrate; Fused Borax; Dinatriumtetraborat; Tetraborato de disodio ; Tétraborate de disodium cas no: 1330-43-4

Bronidox L is an almost colorless, transparent liquid preservative for use in surfactant preparations and a wide range of cosmetic rinse-off products.
Bronidox L is an antimicrobial chemical compound.


CAS Number: 30007-47-7
EC Number: 250-001-7
MDL number: MFCD00101855
INCI: Propylene Glycol (and) 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane
Molecular Formula: C4H6BrNO4


Bronidox L acts as a preservative.
Bronidox L is the chemical compound 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane.
Bronidox L is an antimicrobial chemical compound.


Bronidox L causes inhibition of enzyme activity in bacteria.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.
Bronidox L is suitable for use in surfactant preparations and a wide range of cosmetic rinse-off products.


Bronidox L is stable up to 40°C and pH range of 5-8.
Bronidox L shows broad spectrum activity against bacteria and fungi.
Due to its good compatibility with other cosmetic raw materials, Bronidox L can also be combined with other cosmetic preservatives.


Bronidox L is recommended for formulating bath & shower, hair cleansing and hand cleansing products.
Bronidox L is an almost colorless, transparent liquid preservative for use in surfactant preparations and a wide range of cosmetic rinse-off products.
Bronidox L is stable up to 40°C and not subject to changes in preparations with a pH range of 5 to 8.


Bronidox L is a high purity dry substance having ≥99.5% as per standard Gas Chromatography QC analysis (by original manufacturer.
Bronidox L is the only product.
Bronidox L is slowly soluble in water buffers.


Bronidox L can be introduced at any stage of preparing liquid buffer/formulation.
With respect to given slower solubility, we recommend adding Bronidox L in the very beginning, i.e. immediately to water, and then
proceed with other buffer/formulation components.


Allow for mixing during at least 2 hours which is enough for complete dissolving ( ~20 °C ) of BND at the highest recommended
concentration of 0,12% ( stabilized liquid protein concentrates, stable ready-to-use assay component formulations ).
Bronidox L is an almost coulorless, transparent liquid.


Bronidox L is suitable for the preservation of surfactant preparations which are rinsed off after application and do not contain secondary amines.
Bronidox L belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,3-dioxanes.
These are organic compounds containing 1,3-dioxane, an aliphatic six-member ring with two oxygen atoms in ring positions 1 and 3.


Bronidox L is an organobromide that is a nitrobromo derivative of dioxane.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.
Melting point of Bronidox L is 60 ° C.


Bronidox L is a cyclic ether of the group of molecules known as -oxanes.
This name is confused with a very similar notation used for many silicones: polydimthylsiloxane.
Keep Bronidox L container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.


Bronidox L is an organobromide.
Bronidox L is a derivative of nitrobromo dioxane.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.


Bronidox L is a white solid with faint odor
Bronidox L is an organobromide that is a nitrobromo derivative of dioxane.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.


Bronidox L is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.
Bronidox L is a chemical compound showing antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi


Bronidox L is capable of promoting the oxidation of essential protein thiols, causing inhibition of enzyme activity leading to the inhibition of microbial growth
Bronidox L, also known as 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, exhibits antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.


Bronidox L is commonly employed as a stabilizer and preservative in biological molecules and solutions, such as antibodies and antisera. Bronidox L finds application in rinse-off cosmetics, where it serves as a preserving agent.
Bronidox L is a white solid.


Bronidox L, also known as 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, exhibits antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Bronidox L is commonly employed as a stabilizer and preservative in biological molecules and solutions, such as antibodies and antisera. Bronidox L finds application in rinse-off cosmetics, where it serves as a preserving agent.


Bronidox L is a white powder.
The N-nitrosation potential of Bronidox L is similar to its metabolite, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
Bronidox L is a substituted cyclic ether.


Bronidox L is a popular chemical for the water treatment.
Bronidox L is an antimicrobial agent.
Bronidox L works by inhibiting enzyme activity in bacteria.


Bronidox L is an antibacterial agent which is also very effective against yeast and fungi.
Bronidox L is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Bronidox L is soluble in DMSO.


Bronidox L is 10% 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane in propylenglycol.
Although generally considered as rather neutral diol, propylenglycol (1,2-Propandiol)
Bronidox L may however interfere with some IVD applications .


Bronidox L is a high purity dry substance having ≥99.5% as per standard Gas Chromatography QC analysis (by original manufacturer.
Bronidox L is the only product.
Bronidox L is slowly soluble in water buffers.


Bronidox L can be introduced at any stage of preparing liquid buffer/formulation.
With respect to given slower solubility, we recommend adding Bronidox L in the very beginning, i.e. immediately to water, and then
proceed with other buffer/formulation components.


Allow for mixing during at least 2 hours which is enough for complete dissolving ( ~20 °C ) of BND at the highest recommended
concentration of 0,12% ( stabilized liquid protein concentrates, stable ready-to-use assay component formulations ).


Bronidox L is a chemical compound showing antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Bronidox L is capable of promoting the oxidation of essential protein thiols, causing inhibition of enzyme activity leading to the inhibition of microbial growth.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BRONIDOX L:
Product Applications of Bronidox L: Bath & Shower, Hair Cleansing, Hand Cleansing.
Bronidox L is used a wide range of products in various personal care market segments such as Antiperspirant/Deodorants, Body Care, Oral Care, Sun Care, and more.


These high-performing products enable the development of formulations that fulfill consumer’s needs.
Bronidox L has broad spectrum activity against bacteria and fungi.
Due to its good compatibility with other cosmetic raw materials, Bronidox L can also be combined with other cosmetic preservatives.


Fungicide, Bronidox L is effective against yeast and other fungi.
Bronidox L is used in immunology for preserving antibodies and antisera in 0.1 - 0.5% concentration.
Bronidox L is used as preservative to avoid use of sodium azide.


Bronidox L is used Stabilizer.
Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as a preservative for shampoos, foam bath, etc.
Bronidox L is used as Stabilizer, and Surfactant.


Bronidox L is used in immunology for preserving antibodies and antisera in 0.1 - 0.5% concentration.
Bronidox L is used as preservative to avoid use of sodium azide.
Bactericide uses of Bronidox L: Very effective against yeast and fungi.


Bronidox L is used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos, foam bath, etc.
Maximum concentration of Bronidox L is 0.1 %.
Bronidox L is approved anti - microbial biocide/preservative in IVD, Pharma and Cosmetic industries.


Bronidox L is 10% 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane in propylenglycol.
Although generally considered as rather neutral diol, propylenglycol (1,2-Propandiol)
Bronidox L may however interfere with some IVD applications .


Bronidox L is absolutely reliable anti -microbial biocide ideal for preserving liquid IVD formulations including reagents containing high protein, sugar and detergent concentrations that are particularly rich substrates prone to microbial deterioration.
Bronidox L has been used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions, including antibodies and antisera


Bronidox L can be used alone or combined with methylisothiazolinone, which is also considered to be an effective preservative
Bronidox L is used leather auxiliary agents, water treatment chemicals, petroleum auxiliary agents, textile auxiliary agents, coating auxiliary agents, plastic auxiliary agents, others, rubber auxiliary agents, electronics chemicals, paper chemicals, surfactants.


Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as a preservative for shampoos and baths, conditioners, liquid soaps, herbal extracts, clear soaps, and cloudy soaps.
Bronidox L is used as a preservative, surfacant, bactericide and preservative in immunosuppressants and cosmetics.


Bronidox L is used leather auxiliary agents, water treatment chemicals, petroleum additives, textile agent auxiliaries, coating auxiliaries, plastic auxiliaries, others, rubber auxiliary agent, electronics chemicals, paper chemicals, surface stimulants
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer, surfacant, bactericide, and a preservative in immunology and cosmetics.


Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos and foam baths.
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.


Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.
Bronidox L is a powerful bactericidal agent and preservative that can be used in cosmetics.
Bronidox L is a liquid preservative.


Caused by a mixture of 1,2-propylene glycol and Bronidox L is suitable for use with surfactants that are washed off after use.
Bronidox L can withstand temperatures up to 40 ° C and does not change when used to prepare surfactants in the pH range of 5 to 8.
Bronidox L is an effective antimicrobial and preservative.


This is especially true of yeast and mold.
Bronidox L is slightly more soluble in water than alcohol.
But Bronidox L is present in the hair formula in such a low percentage that there is no concern about the build-up on the hair irrespective of the hair care routine. (no shampoo, low shampoo, etc.)


According to the EU, there are regulations for cosmetics that the maximum allowable concentration of the active substance is 0.1% (only in rinses for avoid birth nitrosoamine) is most commonly used with shampoo, shower cream, laundry detergent and fabric softener, etc.
Bronidox L is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses) and in formulation or re-packing.


Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos and foam baths.
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer, surfacant, bactericide, and a preservative in immunology and cosmetics.
Bronidox L is used in the following products: perfumes and fragrances and cosmetics and personal care products.


Other release to the environment of Bronidox L is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Bronidox L is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals.
Bronidox L is used in the following areas: health services.


Other release to the environment of Bronidox L is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance.
Bronidox L is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, perfumes and fragrances and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Bronidox L can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.


Bronidox L has been used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions, including antibodies and antisera
Bronidox L can be used alone or combined with methylisothiazolinone, which is also considered to be an effective preservative
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.


Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone to enhance its effectiveness.


Bronidox L is a bromine containing preservative commonly used in cosmetic products.
Bronidox L, an antimicrobial compound, is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, including yeast.
Bronidox L inhibits enzyme activity and subsequent inhibition of microbial growth by the oxidation of essential protein thiol.


Bronidox L is An antibacterial agent.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone to enhance its effectiveness.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Bronidox L is used as a preservative


Ingredients that prevent or retard bacterial growth, and thus protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Bronidox L is used in bath, hair and personal cleanliness products.
Bronidox L functions as a preservative


Ingredients that prevent or retard bacterial growth, and thus protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Bronidox L prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetic and personal care products from spoilage.
Bronidox L is used shower gels, conditioners, shampoos, body scrubs, hair masks.


Bronidox L is absolutely reliable anti -microbial biocide ideal for preserving liquid IVD formulations including reagents containing high protein, sugar and detergent concentrations that are particularly rich substrates prone to microbial deterioration.
In recommended effective concentrations Bronidox L is unrestrictedly compatible with all processes, buffers and reaction steps in ELISA, Blotting and related tests.


Bronidox L goes not interfere in coating/adsorption, analyte capturing (from different specimens including serum/plasma, urine, saliva, diluted excrements, etc.), detection and substrate development(TMB, ECL).
Bronidox L shows antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.


Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.


Bronidox L has been used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions, including antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L can be used alone or combined with methylisothiazolinone, which is also considered to be an effective preservative.
Bronidox L is approved anti-microbial biocide/preservative in
IVD, Pharma and Cosmetic industries.



FUNCTION OF BRONIDOX L:
*An antibacterial agent which is also very effective against yeast and fungi.
*Preservative.



CHEMICAL FUNCTION OF BRONIDOX L:
*Preservative



COMPOUND TYPE OF BRONIDOX L:
*Bromide Compound
*Inorganic Compound
*Lachrymator
*Organic Compound
*Organobromide
*Pesticide
*Synthetic Compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BRONIDOX L:
*C-nitro compounds
*Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds
*Oxacyclic compounds
*Organic oxoazanium compounds
*Acetals
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Organonitrogen compounds
*Organobromides
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Alkyl bromides



SUBSTITUENTS OF BRONIDOX L:
*Meta-dioxane
*C-nitro compound
*Organic nitro compound
*Acetal
*Organic oxoazanium
*Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
*Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
*Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
*Oxacycle
*Organooxygen compound
*Organonitrogen compound
*Organobromide
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Organohalogen compound
*Alkyl bromide
*Alkyl halide
*Organopnictogen compound
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic oxide
*Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound



SOLUBILITY AND MISCIBILITY OF BRONIDOX L:
Ethylether: very soluble
Ethylalcohol: very soluble
Parrafin Oil: practically insoluble
Water: sparingly soluble (o.5% a.i.)



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF BRONIDOX L:
*Bronidox L is a cyclic aliphatic ether
*An organic compound that contains an oxygen atom bound to two hydrocarbon groups.
*An ether compound is often represented by R-O-R’.
*Bronidox L is also used as a preservative
*Ingredients that prevent or retard bacterial growth, and thus protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
*in water systems, paints, cutting oils and in leather processing.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BRONIDOX L:
Chemical formula: C4H6BrNO4
Molar mass: 211.999 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Melting point: 60 °C (140 °F; 333 K), 58.5−62 °C
Solubility in water: insoluble
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 59 °C at 1.013,25 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 185,2 °C at 200 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 4,77 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,6 at 23 °C
Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,34 hPa at 50 °C
Density: 1,96 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 1,96 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information:
Surface tension: 71 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
Melting Point: 58°C to 61°C
Color: White
Solubility Information: Soluble in water at 12.5mg/ml
Formula Weight: 212
Percent Purity: 98%
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
Chemical Formula: C4H6BrNO4
Average Molecular Mass: 211.999 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 210.948 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 30007-47-7
IUPAC Name: 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane

Traditional Name: 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
SMILES: [O-][N+](=O)C1(Br)COCOC1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C4H6BrNO4/c5-4(6(7)8)1-9-3-10-2-4/h1-3H2
InChI Key: InChIKey=XVBRCOKDZVQYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Formula: C₄H₆BrNO₄
MW: 212.00 g/mol
Melting Pt: 58…61 °C
Storage Temperature: Refrigerator
MDL Number: MFCD00101855
CAS Number: 30007-47-7
EINECS: 250-001-7
Molecular Weight: 212.00 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 210.94802 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 210.94802 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 64.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 139
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: 58-60 °C
Boiling point: 280.8±40.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.070
vapor pressure: 1.6Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: DMF: 30 mg/ml; DMSO: 30 mg/ml;
DMSO:PBS(pH 7.2) (1:4): 0.2 mg/ml;
Ethanol: 25 mg/ml
form: neat
color: White to Almost white
Water Solubility: Soluble in water at 12.5mg/ml
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6BrNO4/c5-4(6(7)8)1-9-3-10-2-4/h1-3H2
InChIKey: XVBRCOKDZVQYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: O1CC(Br)([N+]([O-])=O)COC1
LogP: 1.6 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 30007-47-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: U184I9QBNM
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,3-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro-(30007-47-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,3-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro- (30007-47-7)
Name: 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
EINECS: 250-001-7
CAS No.: 30007-47-7
Density: 1.83 g/cm3
PSA: 64.28000
LogP: 0.88180
Solubility: Soluble in water at 12.5mg/ml
Melting Point: 60 °C

Formula: C4H6BrNO4
Boiling Point: 280.8 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight: 212
Flash Point: 123.6 °C
Transport Information: N/A
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Safety: 36
Risk Codes: 22-38
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 280.76 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.004000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 254.00 °F. TCC ( 123.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.749 (est)
Soluble in: water, 9423 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of BRONIDOX L:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water.
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BRONIDOX L:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BRONIDOX L:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BRONIDOX L:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BRONIDOX L:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B:
Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BRONIDOX L:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Propylene Glycol
5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane
Propylene Glycol
5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane
5-Brom-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-Dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-Dioxane
1,3-Dioxane, 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-
BRONIDOX L5
BRONIDOX L
BND
BRONIDOX
BRONIDOX L
5-BROMO-5-NITRO-1,3-DIOXANE
3-Dioxane,5-bromo-5-nitro-1
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
5-bromo-5-nitro-3-dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxan
Bromonitrodioxane
Bronidox L
Bronidox, 1,3-Dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro-
m-Dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro- (8CI)
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
Bronidox
Bronidox L
Microcide I
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
m-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro-
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
Bronidox
Bronidox L
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
30007-47-7
Bronidox
1,3-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro-
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
m-DIOXANE, 5-BROMO-5-NITRO-
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
MFCD00101855
U184I9QBNM
DTXSID1044560
EINECS 250-001-7
UNII-U184I9QBNM
BRN 4668673
Bronidox L
MICROCIDE I
SCHEMBL97282
CHEMBL3185787
DTXCID9024560
SCHEMBL17347337
XVBRCOKDZVQYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Tox21_301588
AKOS015834980
AKOS040744440
CS-W015032
HY-W014316
NCGC00255969-01
AS-15941
PD053603
SY014363
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, >=99%
CAS-30007-47-7
B3156
B3769
FT-0620143
5-BROMO-5-NITRO-1,3-DIOXANE [INCI]
D88989
EN300-7381687
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, analytical standard
Q-200534
Q4973879
BND
BRONIDOX
BRONIDOX L
MicrocideItm
5-bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxan
5-bromo-5-nitro-3-dioxane
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
5-BROMO-5-NITRO-1,3-DIOXANE
3-Dioxane,5-bromo-5-nitro-1
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxolane
5-BroMo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
m-DIOXANE,5-BROMO-5-NITRO
1,3-Dioxane,5-bromo-5-nitro
Bronidox L
Unidox L

Bronopol is a white crystals, ignite easily and burn readily.
Bronopol works by releasing bromine ions when it comes into contact with water, and these ions have antimicrobial properties that help to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Bronopol, also known by its chemical name 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is a synthetic organic compound used primarily as a preservative and antimicrobial agent.

CAS Number: 52-51-7
Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight: 199.99
EINECS Number: 200-143-0

Bronopol is known for its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, making Bronopol useful in preventing microbial contamination in various products.
Bronopol, a formaldehyde releaser, was reported as an allergen in dairy workers.
In a recent case report, bronopol was contained in a lubricant jelly used for ultrasound examination and caused contact dermatitis in a veterinary surgeon.

Bronopol is synthesized by the reaction of nitromethane with paraformaldehyde in an alkaline environment, followed by bromination.
Bronopol may detonate under strong shock.

After crystallization, bronopol powder may be milled to produce a powder of the required fineness.
Bronopol is commonly found in a variety of personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.

Bronopol has been used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, and pharmaceuticals to extend the shelf life of these products and prevent spoilage or degradation due to microbial contamination.

Bronopol (INN; chemical name 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
Bronopol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of bronopol was in 1897.

Bromopol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to its low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
Bronopol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.

Bronopol, 2-bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, is an aliphatic halogenonitro compound with potent antibacterial activity but limited activity against fungi(Guthrie, 1999).
Bronopols activity is reduced somewhat by 10% serum and to a greater extent by sulphydryl compounds, but is unaffected by 1% polysorbate or 0.1% lecithin.
Bronopol has a half-life of about 96 daysat pH 8 and 25oC (Toler, 1985).

Bronopol is most stable under acid conditons;the initial decomposition appears to involve the liberation of formaldehyde and the formulation of bromonitroethanol.
A secondorder reaction involving bronopol and formaldehyde occurs simultaneously to produce 2-hydro-xymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, which itself decomposes with the loss of formaldehyde.
Bronopol has been employed extensively as a preservative for pharmaceuticalandcosmetic products.

However, its use to preserve products containing secondary amines should be avoided as the by-product of this reaction is nitrosoamine which is carcinogenic.
Details of the microbiological activity,chemical stability,toxicology and uses of bronopol are documented by Bryce et al.
Dcnyer and Wallhausser (1990) have provided useful information about bronopol, the typical in-use concentration of which is 0.01-0.1% w/v.

Bronopol act as appropriate neutralizers inpreservative efficacy tests.
Bronopol is an antimicrobial agent commonly used as a preservative in many types of cosmetics, personal care products, and topical medications.
Bronopol is used as an anti-infective, an antimicrobial, fungicide, germicide, bactericide, slimicide, and a wood preservative.

Bronopol is reportedly very effective against grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against fungi and yeasts.
Bronopol may release formaldehyde and cross-reacts with other formaldehyde-releasing substances.
Bronopol BP is a white and almost white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.

Bronopol is used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.
Bronopol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.

Bronopol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Production today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.

As a pure material, bronopol has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, bronopol undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140 °C, bronopol decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.

Bronopol is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
Bronopol is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.

Bronopol was rapidly absorbed in animal studies.
Bronopol may be absorbed via aerosol inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion 6.
In rats, approximately 40% of the topically applied dose of bronopol was absorbed through the skin within 24 hr 6.

Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg in rats, the peak plasma concentrations of bronopol were reached up to 2 hours post-dosing
Bronopol undergoes degradation in aqueous medium to form bromonitroethanol from a retroaldol reaction with the liberation of an equimolar amount of formaldehyde 4.
Formaldehyde is a degradation product of bronopol, which may cause sensitization 6.
Bromonitroethanol further decomposes to formaldehyde and bromonitromethane.

Bromonitroethanol may also break down to release a nitrite ion and 2-bromoethanol.
Metabolism studies indicate that bronopol is primarily excreted in the urine 9.
In rats, about 19% of dermally-applied bronopol was excreted in the urine, feces and expired air 6.

Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg radiolabelled bronopol in rats, approximately 81% and 6% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the urine and expired air, respectively, within a period of 24 hours 5.
Following intravenous administration in rat, the recoveries in the urine and expired air were 74% and 9% of the dose, respectively

The half-life of bronopol in the biological systems is not reported in the literature.
The half-life value reported for bronopol reflects the environment fate of the compound.
When released into the air as vapours, bronopol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals where the half life for this reaction is approximately 11 days 6.

The photolysis half-life is 24 hours in water but may be up to 2 days under natural sunlight
Bronopol, or 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.

Bronopol is used as a microbicide or microbiostat in various commercial and industrial applications, including oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning or humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer products.
Compared to other aliphatic halogen-nitro compounds, bronopol is more stable to hydrolysis in aqueous media under normal conditions.
The inhibitory activity against various bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was demonstrated in vitro.

The agent is largely available commercially as an antibacterial for a variety of industrial purposes while it is predominantly available for purchase as a pet animal litter antibacterial at the domestic consumer level.
Nevertheless, ongoing contemporary re-evaluations of bronopol use in large markets such as Canada now place various compositional and product restrictions on the use of the agent in cosmetic products and in other products where it may not primarily be used in the role of a non-medicinal preservative antimicrobial.

Bromonitroethanol itself is significantly less stable than bronopol, and in the range of conditions studied, its maximum concentration did not exceed 0.5% of the initial concentrations of bronopol.
At the same time, a second-order reaction occurs with the participation of bronopol and formaldehyde to obtain 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol.
The antimicrobial activity of bronopol is mainly due to the presence of electron-deficient bromine atoms in the molecules, which exhibit oxidizing properties, and not the ability to release formaldehyde.

The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of bronopol consists of cross-linking of sulfhydride groups of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur on the surface of microbial cells.
Disulfide bridges block the metabolism of microorganisms.
Bronopol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic, pharmaceutical, toiletry and household preparations at concentrations of up to 0.1% (wt/vol) particularly because of its high activity against Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonad.

Bronopol hydrolyzes within 3 h at 60 °C and pH 8, producing formaldehyde, nitrosamines, and other molecules.
Although the parent compound (bronopol) is rather short-lived in the environment, its degradation products are toxic and more persistent.
The protection against the bactericidal activity of bronopol afforded by catalase or superoxide dismutase suggests that the activity stems from the aerobic interaction and the generation of active oxygen species from oxygen diffusing into the suspensions during bronopol treatment.

The acute oral LD50 was 307 mg/kg for rat males and 342 mg/kg for females.
Bronopol is moderately toxic by the oral route. Results from an acute dermal toxicity study while inadequate, suggest bronopol is highly toxic by the dermal route.
Bronopol is an antimicrobial agent commonly used as a preservative in many types of cosmetics, personal care products and topical medications.

Bronopol is used as an anti-infective, antimicrobial, fungicide, germicide, bactericide, slimicide and wood preservative.
Bronopol is a formaldehyde-releasing preservative (FRP), which is used in place of formaldehyde for people who are sensitive to it.

Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 358.0±42.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 2.0002 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
Flash point: 167°C
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
pka: 12.02±0.10(Predicted)
form Crystals or Crystalline Powder
color: White to yellow
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Merck: 14,1447
BRN: 1705868
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture.
LogP: 1.150 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 52-51-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL
FDA 21 CFR: 176.300

Bronopol) is an organic compound that belongs to the family of nitro compounds.
Bronopol is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly bitter taste.
Bronopol is widely used as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products, such as shampoos, hair conditioners, body washes, and skin creams, to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Bronopol works by releasing formaldehyde, which is toxic to microorganisms, in small amounts over time.
Bronopol has also been used as a biocide in industrial applications, such as cooling water systems, oil drilling fluids, and paper processing, to prevent microbial growth and contamination.
Bronopol has been approved for use as a preservative in cosmetic and personal care products by regulatory agencies such as the US FDA, but its use has been restricted in some countries due to concerns over its potential to release formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen.

Bronopol cause significant reductions in the activity of bronopol, and cysteine hydrochloride may be used as the deactivating agent in preservative efficacy tests; lecithin/polysorbate combinations are unsuitable for this purpose.
Bronopol is incompatible with sodium thiosulfate, with sodium metabisulfite, and with amine oxide or protein hydrolysate surfactants.
Owing to an incompatibility with aluminum, the use of aluminum in the packaging of products that contain bronopol should be avoided.

Bronopol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.
Under extreme alkaline conditions, bronopol decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.

Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with bronopol.
Other decomposition products detected after bronopol breakdown are bromide ion, nitrite ion, bromonitroethanol and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
At concentrations of 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, bronopol mediated an inhibitory activity against various strains of Gram negative and positive bacteria in vitro 3.

The bactericidal activity is reported to be greater against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive cocci 3.
Bronopol was also demonstrated to be effective against various fungal species, but the inhibitory action is reported to be minimal compared to that of against bacterial species 3.
The inhibitory activity of bronopol decreases with increasing pH of the media 3,9.

Bronopol also elicits an anti-protozoal activity, as demonstrated with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro and in vivo 2.
Bronopol is proposed that bronopol affects the survival of all free-living stages of I.
Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is a bactericide with limited effectiveness against fungal organisms.

Bronopol is active against Pseudomonas species and should be used at a pH of 5 to 8.8, below the application temperature of 45 ° C.
Bronopol has a complex mechanism of action that attacks thiol groups in cells, suppressing respiration and cellular metabolism.
Research indicates that bronopol is a corrosive eye irritant and moderate to severe skin irritant in rabbits.

The fate of the environment and the ecological consequences of the use of Bronopol are moderately highly toxic for estuarine / marine invertebrates; slightly toxic to marine fish; slightly toxic to birds with acute oral ingestion.
However, no quantitative risk assessment has been carried out.
The risk to the aquatic environment is being addressed under the NPDES permitting program by the Water Resources Authority.

Bronopol is now required that labels on all products containing Bronopol meet NPDES requirements.
Bronopol is proposed that bronopol generates biocide-induced bacteriostasis followed by a growth at an inhibited rate in bacteria, via two distinct reactions between bronopol and essential thiols within the bacterial cell 1.
Under aerobic conditions, bronopol catalyzes the oxidation of thiol groups, such as cysteine, to disulfides.

This reaction is accompanied by rapid consumption of oxygen, where oxygen acts as the final oxidant.
During the conversion of cysteine to cystine, radical anion intermediates such as superoxide and peroxide are formed from bronopol to exert a direct bactericidal activity.
The oxidation of excess thiols alters the redox state to create anoxic conditions, leading to a second reaction involving the oxidation of intracellular thiols such as glutathione to its disulfide.

The resulting effects are inhibition of enzyme function, and reduced growth rate following the bacteriostatic period 1.
Under the anoxic conditions, the reaction between thiol and bronopol decelerates without the involvement of oxygen and the consumption of bronopol predominates.
Bronopol is ultimately removed from the reaction via consumption and resumption of bacterial growth occurs 1.

Bronopol is a fairly popular broad-spectrum preservative, which allows it to be used in some formulations as the only preservative.
Bronopol is effective at low concentrations; as a rule, dosages used in cosmetics are below the maximum allowable limit of 0.1%, established by law.
The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of bronopol is quite complex, and, as a rule, it is not associated with the release of formaldehyde.

That is why it is considered that it is a mistake to classify this preservative as a typical formaldehyde donor.
Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that formaldehyde is nevertheless formed during the decomposition of bronopol, and the presence of cross-sensitivity to bronopol with an
established allergy to formaldehyde takes place.
However, the release of formaldehyde does not occur at the same rate and in the same amount under different conditions.

The main factors affecting the destruction of bronopol are pH, sunlight and temperature.
Bronopol was found that with the addition of citric acid, which lowers the pH, the decomposition of bronopol in aqueous solutions slows down, which is quite natural, and an increase in temperature and exposure to sunlight increases the rate of decomposition.
These facts are taken into account when formulating recipes.

There are few quantitative data on the destruction of bronopol - much less than for typical formaldehyde donors, but they are still there; the highest concentration of formaldehyde in alkaline compounds, which is quite natural, but they are not so high as to cause concern or put a warning about the presence of formaldehyde in the marking.
The pH range from 5 to 6 can be considered quite favorable for the preservative's behavior and for the skin.

Uses
Bronopol has been used as reference standard in ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP-MS) method for determination of bromine containing preservatives from cosmetic products.
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.

Bronopol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
Bronopol a formulating technical material is also registered.

Bronopol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of bronopol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.

While bronopol is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines.
Manufacturers of personal care products are therefore instructed by regulatory authorities to avoid the formation of nitrosamines which might mean removing amines or amides from the formulation, removing bronopol from a formulation, or using nitrosamine inhibitors.

Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
Bronopol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic and household products due to its high activity against gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonads.
These organisms are common water dwellers and can cause pollution and deterioration problems.

Bronopol is an effective antibacterial preservative in a wide pH range.
Bronopol is stable at acidic pH values and is also useful as a labile antibacterial preservative in an alkaline environment.
Due to its broad spectrum antibacterial activity, Bronopol can also be used as an active agent, for example in aerosol preparations.

Bronopol is often used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, lotions, and other personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
Bronopol helps extend the shelf life of these products and maintains their quality.

Bronopol is used in some pharmaceutical formulations to preserve the integrity of drugs and prevent contamination by microorganisms.
This is especially important for products like eye drops, ointments, and creams.
Bronopol is used in water treatment systems to control the growth of bacteria and algae in cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water systems.

In the oil and gas industry, bronopol can be used to inhibit the growth of bacteria in drilling fluids, pipelines, and storage tanks, where bacterial growth can cause corrosion and other problems.
Bronopol is used in some paint and coating formulations to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
Bronopol is sometimes added to paper and pulp processing to prevent microbial growth in papermaking processes.

Bronopol can be used to protect wood products from fungal and bacterial decay.
In agriculture, bronopol has been used as a preservative for certain agricultural products, such as fertilizers and pesticides.
Bronopol can be added to adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial growth, ensuring the longevity and quality of these products.

Bronopol is used in cooling and lubricating fluids, such as metalworking fluids and cutting oils, to control bacterial and fungal growth, which can cause degradation and odor.
In the leather industry, bronopol can be used to inhibit microbial growth during the tanning and processing of hides and skins.
While not a common use, bronopol has been employed in some food processing applications to control microbial contamination.

Bronopols use in the food industry is less prevalent compared to other food preservatives due to safety concerns.
Bronopol may be used in certain medical and healthcare products to prevent microbial contamination.
This includes items like contact lens solutions and some medical devices.

Some household cleaning products, including disinfectants and sanitizers, may contain bronopol as an active ingredient to kill or inhibit the growth of germs and bacteria.
Bronopol is used in cooling water systems, such as those in industrial facilities and power plants, to prevent microbial fouling and corrosion, which can damage equipment and reduce efficiency.
Bronopol can be added to laboratory reagents and solutions to inhibit microbial contamination and ensure the accuracy and reliability of experiments and tests.

Bronopol is used in various oilfield chemicals, including drilling fluids, to control bacteria and fungi that can thrive in the harsh conditions of oil and gas wells.
Bronopol may be applied in wood processing to protect logs and timber from decay and microbial infestation during storage and transportation.
Some printing inks incorporate bronopol to prevent the growth of microorganisms, ensuring the quality of printed materials.

Water-based paints and coatings can be susceptible to microbial contamination.
Bronopol is used in these products to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality.

Bronopol is used in some household and industrial mold and mildew control products, such as sprays and coatings, to prevent the growth of mold and mildew on surfaces.
In addition to its use in drilling fluids, bronopol can be employed in oil and gas production facilities to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and maintain the integrity of pipelines and equipment.

Health Hazard:
Bronopol, fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.

Bronopol contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard:
Flammable/combustible material.
Bronopol may be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.

Bronopol may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point.
May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

Safety Profile:
Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by skin contact.
An eye and human skin irritant.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, and Br-.

Bronopol is used widely in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics as an antimicrobial preservative.
Although bronopol has been reported to cause both irritant and hypersensitivity adverse reactions following topical use, it is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonsensitizing material at concentrations up to 0.1% w/v.

At a concentration of 0.02% w/v, bronopol is frequently used as a preservative in ‘hypoallergenic’ formulations.
Animal toxicity studies have shown no evidence of phototoxicity or tumor occurrence when bronopol is applied to rodents topically or administered orally; and there is no in vitro or in vivo evidence of mutagenicity; this is despite the demonstrated potential of bronopol to liberate nitrite on decomposition, which in the presence of certain amines may generate nitrosamines.
Formation of nitrosamines in formulations containing amines may be reduced by limiting the concentration of bronopol to 0.01% w/v and including an antioxidant such as 0.2% w/v alpha tocopherol or 0.05% w/v butylated hydroxytoluene;(14) other inhibitor systems may also be appropriate.

Storage:
Bronopol is stable and its antimicrobial activity is practically unaffected when stored as a solid at room temperature and ambient relative humidity for up to 2 years.
The pH of a 1.0% w/v aqueous solution is 5.0–6.0 and falls slowly during storage; solutions are more stable in acid conditions.
Microbiological assay results indicate longer half-lives than those obtained by HPLC and thus suggest that degradation products may contribute to antimicrobial activity.

Formaldehyde and nitrites are among the decomposition products, but formaldehyde arises in such low concentrations that its antimicrobial effect is not likely to be significant.
On exposure to light, especially under alkaline conditions, solutions become yellow or brown-colored but the degree of discoloration does not directly correlate with loss of antimicrobial activity.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed, nonaluminum container protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Synonyms
bronopol
52-51-7
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
Bronosol
Bronocot
Bronidiol
Bronopolu
Bronotak
Lexgard bronopol
Onyxide 500
Bronopolum
1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
C3H6BrNO4
Caswell No. 116A
Bronopolu [Polish]
BNPD
MFCD00007390
beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
Bioban
NSC 141021
Bronopolum [INN-Latin]
HSDB 7195
Myacide AS
Myacide AS plus
Myacide BT
Bronopol [INN:BAN:JAN]
EINECS 200-143-0
UNII-6PU1E16C9W
Myacide Pharma BP
Canguard 409
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 216400
NSC-141021
BNPK
BRN 1705868
6PU1E16C9W
DTXSID8024652
CHEBI:31306
AI3-61639
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
Nalco 92RU093
UN3241
DTXCID904652
EC 200-143-0
1,2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
NCGC00164057-01
BRONOPOL (MART.)
BRONOPOL [MART.]
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241] [Flammable Solid]
CAS-52-51-7
Pyceze
2-Bronopol
Bioban BP Plus
Ultra-Fresh SAB
bronopol (DCI)
Bactrinol 100
Protectol BN 98
Protectol BN 99
2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol
Acticide L 30
Preventol P 100
BE 6 (bactericide)
Topcide 2520
Bronopol (JAN/INN)
N 25 (antimicrobial)
BRONOPOL [HSDB]
BRONOPOL [INN]
BRONOPOL [JAN]
BRONOPOL [MI]
BRONOPOL [VANDF]
WLN: WNXE1Q1Q
1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol)
BRONOPOL [WHO-DD]
Bronopol [BAN:INN:JAN]
SCHEMBL23260
C3-H6-Br-N-O4
BE 6
Bioban BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1408862
SCHEMBL16556987
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-13-diol
LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-13-diol
AMY8948
2-Bromo-2-nitro-13-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1 3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1 3-propanediol
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanodiol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1 3-diol
2-bromo-2-nitropropano-1 3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropano-1,3-diol
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1 3-propanediol
2-nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanodiol
HY-B1217
Tox21_112079
Tox21_300126
BDBM50248122
LS-172
NA3241
NSC141021
s4553
1,3-propanodiol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-bromanyl-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol
AKOS003606838
CCG-213823
CS-4699
DB13960
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 216400
NCGC00164057-02
NCGC00164057-03
NCGC00253984-01
AS-11889
N 25
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98%
.beta.-Bromo-.beta.-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
B1247
Bronopol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
FT-0611399
D01577
E85247
EN300-141420
AB01563195_01
2-BROMO-2-NITROPROPANE-1,3-DIOL [INCI]
A829125
SR-01000944249
Q-200765
Q2462902
SR-01000944249-1
InChI=1/C3H6BrNO4/c4-3(1-6,2-7)5(8)9/h6-7H,1-2H2

Bronopol, a formaldehyde releaser, was reported as an allergen in dairy workers.
In a recent case report, bronopol was contained in a lubricant jelly used for ultrasound examination and caused contact dermatitis in a veterinary surgeon.
Bronopol is a white or almost white crystalline powder; odorless or with a faint characteristic odor.

CAS: 52-51-7
MF: C3H6BrNO4
MW: 199.99
EINECS: 200-143-0

Synonyms
Bronopol 1g [52-51-7];Broken Ball;2-BroMo-2-nitropropane-1;3-diol (Bronopol);Bronopol(2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanedio1);2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98% 25GR;Bronopol BNPD;Bronopol 0
bronopol;52-51-7;2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol;2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol;Bronosol;Bronocot;Bronidiol;Bronopolu;Bronotak;Lexgard bronopol;Onyxide 500;Bronopolum;1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-;2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol;Caswell No. 116A;MFCD00007390;beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol;NSC 141021;Bronopolum [INN-Latin];HSDB 7195;EINECS 200-143-0;UNII-6PU1E16C9W;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 216400;NSC-141021;BRN 1705868;6PU1E16C9W;DTXSID8024652;CHEBI:31306;AI3-61639;2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol;DTXCID904652;EC 200-143-0;C3H6BrNO4;NCGC00164057-01;Bronopolum (INN-Latin);BRONOPOL(MART.);BRONOPOL [MART.];Bronopolu [Polish];Bioban;Myacide AS;Myacide AS plus;Myacide BT;CAS-52-51-7;Bronopol [INN:BAN:JAN];Myacide Pharma BP;Canguard 409;BNPD;Nalco 92RU093;UN3241;Remain Silver;Remain Gold;Bronopol solution;Gold-Bloc;Soft Tuch;2-Bronopol;Gil Sani-Guard;Bronopol Teat Dip;QM Gold;Ultra-Soft Barrier;2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol;1,2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol;Medic Booster Barrier;Bronopol (JAN/INN);BRONOPOL [HSDB];BRONOPOL [INN];BRONOPOL [JAN];BRONOPOL [MI];BRONOPOL [VANDF];WLN: WNXE1Q1Q;1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-;2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol);BRONOPOL [WHO-DD];SCHEMBL23260;TDX-84;Bioban BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix);CHEMBL140886;SCHEMBL16556987;LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-;AMY8948;2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241] [Flammable Solid];ALBB-031641;HYB1217;Tox21_112079;Tox21_300126;BDBM50248122;NSC141021;s4553;2-bromanyl-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol;AKOS003606838;CCG-213823;CS-4699;DB13960;AST Inc. PRO-4 BARRIER TEAT DIP
;USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 216400;NCGC00164057-02;NCGC00164057-03;NCGC00253984-01;AS-11889
;2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98%;AST Inc. PRO-4 SANITIZING TEAT DIP;.beta.-Bromo-.beta.-nitrotrimethyleneglycol;DB-027831;B1247;Bronopol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard;NS00003792
;SFP INC. TD-44 SANITIZING TEAT DIP;D01577;E85247;EN300-141420;SBI-0653499.0001;AB01563195_01;A829125;SR-01000944249;Q-200765;Q2462902;SR-01000944249-1;BRD-K33457401-001-01-1;SFP INC. TD-44 BARRIER SANITIZING POST TEAT DIP;InChI=1/C3H6BrNO4/c4-3(1-6,2-7)5(8)9/h6-7H,1-2H2

Bronopol is a nitro compound.
Bronopol is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
Bronopol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of bronopol was in 1897.
Bronopol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to Bronopol's low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
Bronopol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.

Bronopol, also known as bronosol, is an organic compound first synthesized in 1897.
Bronopol is used as a preservative in numerous commercial applications thanks to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.
Bronopol name you’ll see on the label is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
Bronopol is a nitro compound that goes through the procedure of nitromethane bromination.
The obtained Bronopol further goes through the grounding process so that a fine powder can be acquired.
Bronopol is utilized as a microbicide or microbiostat in the application of commercial and industrial products.
Bronopol is quite stable to hydrolysis in an aqueous medium under normal conditions.

Bronopol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 358.0±42.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 2.0002 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
Fp: 167°C
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
pka: 12.02±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Color: White to yellow
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Merck: 14,1447
BRN: 1705868
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture.
LogP: 1.150 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 52-51-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Bronopol (52-51-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Bronopol (52-51-7)

Physical and chemical properties
Appearance
Bronopol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.

Melting point
As a pure material, bronopol has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, bronopol undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140 °C, bronopol decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.

Solubility
Bronopol is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
Bronopol is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.

Partition coefficient
Study of the solubility data shows that bronopol has a high affinity for polar rather than non-polar environments.
In two-phase systems, bronopol partitions preferentially into the polar (usually aqueous) phase.

Stability in aqueous solution
In aqueous solutions, bronopol is most stable when the pH of the system is on the acid side of neutral.
Temperature also has a significant effect on stability in alkaline systems.

Degradation
Under extreme alkaline conditions, bronopol decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.
Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with bronopol.
Other decomposition products detected after bronopol breakdown are bromide ion, nitrite ion, bromonitroethanol and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.

Uses
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.
Bronopol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
A formulating technical material is also registered.
Bronopol has been used as reference standard in ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP-MS) method for determination of bromine containing preservatives from cosmetic products.
Bronopol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).

The use of bronopol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.
While bronopol is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines (due to the toxicity of these substances, the term 'significant' means levels as low as tens of parts per billion).
Manufacturers of personal care products are therefore instructed by regulatory authorities to avoid the formation of nitrosamines which might mean removing amines or amides from the formulation, removing bronopol from a formulation, or using nitrosamine inhibitors.
Bronopol has been restricted for use in cosmetics in Canada.

Bronopol has the ability to destroy the growth of microbes, makes it a good choice for floor cleaners, surface cleaners, and other cleaning applications.
However, Bronopol might not be useful as a skin cleanser as it is used at very low concentrations when Bronopol comes to skincare products and cosmetics.
Bronopol powder has antibacterial properties.
Bronopol is a white solid but industrial samples appear yellow.
This powder widely used in cosmetic and personal care products such as creams, rinses, shampoos, eye makeup items, and lotion to prevent bacterial growth and protect the product's integrity.
As bronopol is effective against a wide range of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and other microbes, it is also used in the manufacturing of hand sanitizers and other toiletries.
You may also use Bronopol to make DIY liquid soaps and hand washes.
Only for external body use.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Bronopol 0.01–0.1% w/v is used as an antimicrobial preservative either alone or in combination with other preservatives in topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and toiletries; the usual concentration is 0.02% w/v.

Production Methods
Bronopol is synthesized by the reaction of nitromethane with paraformaldehyde in an alkaline environment, followed by bromination.
After crystallization, bronopol powder may be milled to produce a powder of the required fineness.

Production
Bronopol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Production today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.

Manufacturing Process
A mixture of 441 g (3 mols) of calcium chloride dihydrate, 61 g (1 mol) of nitromethane, 163 g (2 mols) of formalin (37% formaldehyde solution) and 470 ml of water was cooled to 0°C and mixed with 5 g of calcium hydroxide while stirring.
The temperature thereby rose to 30°C.
As soon as the temperature had fallen again, a further 32 g of calcium hydroxide (total of 0.5 mol) were added.
The mixture was then cooled to 0°C and with intensive cooling and stirring, 159.8 g (1 mol, 51 ml) of bromine were dropped in at a rate so that the temperature remained at around 0°C.
After the addition was ended, the mixture was stirred for a further 2 hours, when the reaction product separated in crystalline form.
Bronopol was quickly filtered on a suction filter and the crystalline sludge obtained was taken up in 450 ml of ethylene chloride and dissolved at reflux.
Then by addition of magnesium sulfate, undissolved inorganic salts were separated and the solution was slowly cooled whereby 140 g (70% yield) of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol precipitated in colorless crystals melting at 123°-124°C.

Reactivity Profile
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides.
Bronopol is also incompatible with sulfhydryl compounds or with aluminum or iron containers (it is stable in contact with tin or stainless steel).

Fire Hazard
Flammable/combustible material.
May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.
Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.
Bronopol may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point.
May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

Health Hazard
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

2-Bronopol; Bronosol; Bronopol; Onyxide 500; Beta-Bromo-Beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol; 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol; Bronidiol; Bronocot; bronopol; Bronopolu; Bronotak; Lexgard bronopol CAS:52-51-7

CI Food Brown 3; Chocolate brown HT; CI (1975) No. 20285; INS No. 155 CAS NO: 4553-89-3

BRYONOLIC ACID, N° CAS : 24480-45-3, Nom INCI : BRYONOLIC ACID, Nom chimique : D:C-Friedoolean-8-en-29-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta,20beta)-, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau

Bupleurum (Chai Hu) Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the root of the Bupleurum chinense plant, known for its anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and balancing properties.
Bupleurum Extract is recognized for its ability to soothe irritated skin, detoxify the skin, and promote a healthy complexion, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain healthy, radiant, and balanced skin.

CAS Number: 84696-21-7
EC Number: 283-904-2

Synonyms: Bupleurum Extract, Bupleurum Root Extract, Chai Hu Extract, Bupleurum Chinense Root Extract, Bupleurum Falcatum Extract, Chaihu Herbal Extract, Bupleurum Chinense Extract, Chinese Thoroughwax Extract, Bupleurum Detoxifying Extract, Bupleurum Bioactive Extract, Bupleurum Phytocomplex, Bupleurum Phytoextract, Chinese Bupleurum Extract, Chai Hu Active, Bupleurum Herbal Concentrate, Bupleurum Natural Extract



APPLICATIONS


Bupleurum Extract is extensively used in the formulation of detoxifying creams, providing benefits that help purify and cleanse the skin while improving complexion.
Bupleurum Extract is favored in the creation of calming serums, where it helps to reduce redness, soothe inflamed skin, and detoxify congested skin.
Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the development of moisturizers, offering balancing and purifying properties for oily or combination skin.

Bupleurum Extract is widely used in the production of anti-inflammatory treatments, where it helps to calm irritated or reactive skin.
Bupleurum Extract is employed in the formulation of wellness creams, helping to balance hormonal skin concerns and detoxify skin affected by environmental pollutants.
Bupleurum Extract is essential in the creation of face masks, providing deep-cleansing benefits that purify pores and reduce skin impurities.

Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the production of scalp treatments, offering detoxifying and balancing benefits for the scalp, helping to promote healthy hair growth.
Bupleurum Extract is a key ingredient in the formulation of acne treatments, where it helps to detoxify the skin, reduce inflammation, and prevent breakouts.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the creation of protective serums, where it helps to enhance skin detoxification and promote a clear, radiant complexion.

Bupleurum Extract is applied in the formulation of facial oils, offering detoxifying and balancing care for congested or oily skin.
Bupleurum Extract is employed in the production of body lotions, providing all-over purifying and detoxifying benefits for skin prone to impurities and environmental stress.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the development of calming creams, providing deep relief and detoxifying care for sensitive and reactive skin.

Bupleurum Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of prebiotic skincare products, supporting the skin’s microbiome while offering detoxifying and balancing benefits.
Bupleurum Extract is a key component in the creation of anti-aging serums, providing antioxidant and detoxifying benefits that help to preserve youthful skin.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the production of lip care products, providing detoxifying and protective benefits for soft, clear lips.

Bupleurum Extract is employed in the formulation of hand creams, offering balancing and detoxifying benefits that promote healthy skin.
Bupleurum Extract is applied in the creation of daily wear creams, offering detoxifying and protective benefits for everyday use.
Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the development of skin repair treatments, providing detoxifying and purifying care for damaged or irritated skin.

Bupleurum Extract is found in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports detoxification and skin clarity.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the production of soothing gels, providing instant relief from irritation while promoting detoxification.
Bupleurum Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of multipurpose balms, providing versatile detoxifying care for sensitive areas such as lips, hands, and face.

Bupleurum Extract is widely used in the formulation of detoxifying skincare products, offering purifying and protective benefits for oily and congested skin.
Bupleurum Extract is employed in the development of nourishing body butters, offering rich hydration and detoxifying benefits for dry, rough skin.
Bupleurum Extract is applied in the production of anti-aging serums, offering detoxifying and antioxidant benefits that help to maintain youthful-looking skin.

Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the creation of facial oils, offering detoxifying care that supports skin health and reduces oxidative stress.
Bupleurum Extract is found in the formulation of sensitive skin repair treatments, providing targeted care for areas prone to irritation and discomfort.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the production of sun care products, providing detoxifying protection and hydration that preserves skin health.



DESCRIPTION


Bupleurum (Chai Hu) Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the root of the Bupleurum chinense plant, known for its anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and balancing properties.
Bupleurum Extract is recognized for its ability to soothe irritated skin, detoxify the skin, and promote a healthy complexion, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.

Bupleurum Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin texture, balancing oil production, and promoting an even skin tone, ensuring long-lasting protection and detoxification.
Bupleurum Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to purify, balance, and detoxify congested or oily skin, offering both immediate and long-term benefits.
Bupleurum Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin, leaving it smooth, clear, and radiant.

Bupleurum Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining clear, balanced skin.
Bupleurum Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural detoxifying processes, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to cleanse and purify the skin.
Bupleurum Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and oils.

Bupleurum Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting oily, congested, and environmentally stressed skin, as it provides gentle yet effective detoxifying and balancing care.
Bupleurum Extract is known for its compatibility with other skincare actives, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Bupleurum Extract is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between detoxification, protection, and soothing care, ensuring comprehensive skin benefits.

Bupleurum Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing detoxifying, purifying, and protective benefits in one ingredient.
Bupleurum Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with noticeable improvements in skin clarity, tone, and texture.
Bupleurum Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to purify and balance the skin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Bupleurum Extract (Bupleurum chinense Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow to brown liquid or powder
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for liquid extract)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid or powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for liquid extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Bupleurum Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Bupleurum Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Bupleurum Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Bupleurum Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of vapors and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Bupleurum Extract at temperatures between 15-25°C as recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Bupleurum Extract away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizers.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Bupleurum Extract to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of cosmetic ingredients.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), also known as b-butylene glycol or BD, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can also serve as a humectant to prevent loss of moisture in cosmetics, particularly in hair sprays and setting lotions.

CAS Number: 2413407-77-7
Molecular Formula: C4H8F2O2
Molecular Weight: 126.1

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.
With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in flavoring.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), also known as 1,3-butanediol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a type of diol or glycol, which means it has two hydroxyl (OH) groups.
The "1,3" in its name indicates the positions of the two hydroxyl groups on the carbon chain.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly sweet taste.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used for various industrial purposes.
One significant application is as a precursor in the production of certain polymers, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is a type of thermoplastic polyester.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
1,3 Butanediol, also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.

Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol):
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH
Dehydration of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) gives 1,3-butadiene:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH → CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O

Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a bitter and odorless tasting compound.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
This could make Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.
Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
(R)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral compound that belongs to the group of organic compounds called diols.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the fermentation of Candida parapsilosis and other yeast species to produce enantiomerically pure (S)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).
The racemate can be converted into the two enantiomers by chemical means or by enzymatic resolution.
The process for large-scale production is similar to that for ethanol fermentation, but with 2-propanol as substrate instead of glucose.

The fermentor has been shown to be effective at producing large quantities of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) in a short time period.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.
At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents and serves as a co-monomer in manufacturing certain polyurethane and polyester resins.

Besides, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is pharmaceutically involved in the production of colchicine derivatives as a anticancer agent and in the synthesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma and delta agonists acting as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) (also known as 1,3-butylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, or 1,3-dihydroxybutane) is an organic chemical, an alcohol.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is one of four stable structural isomers of butanediol.
In biology, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be converted into β-hydroxybutyrate and serve as a substrate for brain metabolism.
The chemical structure consists of a four-carbon chain with two hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to carbon atoms 1 and 3.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and fermentation processes.

Chemical synthesis often involves the catalytic hydrogenation of acetylacetone or hydroformylation of allyl alcohol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the production of polymers, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is employed in the manufacturing of fibers, films, and engineering plastics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and solvents.

Some strains of bacteria and yeast can produce Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) through fermentation processes.
This biological route is of interest for sustainable and eco-friendly production.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a viscous liquid at room temperature.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a slightly sweet taste.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is soluble in water and has a relatively low melting point.
As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is important to be aware of the material safety data sheet (MSDS) and follow recommended safety guidelines.
Beyond industrial applications, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has gained attention for its potential use in the production of biofuels and as a precursor for renewable chemicals.

Boiling point: 225.2±35.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.245±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
pka: 12.60±0.20(Predicted)

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with molecular formula c4h10o2.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is mainly used to prepare polyester resin, polyurethane resin, plasticizer, etc.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also used as humidifier and softener for textiles, paper and tobacco.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a sweet flavor with bitter aftertaste and is odorless when pure.
colourless liquid Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) occurs as a clear, colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet flavor and bitter aftertaste.
Butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.

At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents an.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been investigated for potential medical applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral molecule, and different enantiomers may have different biological activities.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has solvent properties and can be used as a solvent in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility in both water and organic solvents makes it versatile for certain chemical processes.
Due to its slightly sweet taste and ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) finds use in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it may be employed as a carrier for flavors or fragrances.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals.
For example, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to form butenes, which are valuable chemical intermediates.
With an increasing emphasis on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers, providing an alternative to petroleum-derived materials.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to produce butyrolactone, another important chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including certain polymers.
As with any chemical, regulatory agencies in different countries may have specific guidelines and restrictions on the production, use, and handling of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to be aware of and comply with these regulations.

Ongoing research continues to explore new applications and methods for the production of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), especially in the context of sustainable and green.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.
Research is ongoing to explore its suitability as an alternative fuel source.

The thermodynamics and phase behavior of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) are of interest in various industrial processes, including its use as a solvent and in polymer production. Understanding these properties is crucial for optimizing production and processing conditions.
As sustainability becomes a more significant concern, the biodegradability of chemicals is an important factor.
Studies may assess the environmental impact and fate of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) under different conditions.

In addition to being a precursor for certain polymers, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can serve as a crosslinking agent in polymer chemistry, contributing to the formation of three-dimensional networks in certain materials.
Due to its properties, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in the formulation of personal care products such as cosmetics and skincare items, where it can act as a humectant and solvent.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been studied for its potential use as a cryoprotectant, helping to preserve biological samples at low temperatures, such as in the field of cryobiology.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a catalyst in certain polymerization reactions, contributing to the formation of specific types of polymers with desirable properties.

Ongoing research may uncover new applications and uses for Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), particularly as emerging technologies and scientific advancements open up novel possibilities for its utilization.
Understanding global production trends, market demands, and economic factors related to Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) provides insights into its commercial significance and potential future developments in its applications.
Some studies have explored the potential therapeutic uses of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), including its neuroprotective properties.

Uses:
One of the major uses of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is as a precursor in the production of polymers.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a key component in the synthesis of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), a thermoplastic polyester used in the production of fibers, films, and engineering plastics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used in the production of solvents, plasticizers, and other chemicals.
Due to its solubility in both water and organic solvents, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is employed as a solvent in certain chemical processes.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s slightly sweet taste and solvent properties make it useful in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it can be used as a carrier for flavors and fragrances.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a plasticizer, a substance added to polymers to improve flexibility and other mechanical properties.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in personal care products such as cosmetics and skincare items, where it can act as a humectant (moisture-retaining substance) and solvent.
Research has explored the potential use of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) as a biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been studied for its potential use as a cryoprotectant in preserving biological samples at low temperatures.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can serve as a crosslinking agent in polymer chemistry, contributing to the formation of three-dimensional networks in certain materials.
Research has investigated potential medical applications, including its use in pharmaceutical synthesis and drug development.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is neuroprotective properties have also been explored.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a catalyst in certain polymerization reactions.
Ongoing research may uncover new applications and uses for Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), particularly as emerging technologies and scientific advancements open up novel possibilities for its utilization.

With an increasing focus on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers.
This aligns with efforts to reduce dependence on petroleum-derived resources in the polymer industry.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been explored as a potential component in deicer solutions for use in aviation and road maintenance.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is properties may contribute to the effectiveness of deicing agents.
While not a direct food ingredient, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s applications in the flavor and fragrance industry may indirectly impact the food sector through its use in the production of food-related aromas and essences.
In some cases, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered for use in hydraulic fluids due to its chemical properties and potential as a biodegradable alternative.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be employed in certain anti-freeze formulations, contributing to the prevention of freezing in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s solubility and other properties make it suitable for use in metalworking fluids, where it can help in lubrication and cooling during machining processes.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s solvent properties make it useful in the formulation of certain detergents and cleaning products.

Ongoing research continues to explore potential medical applications of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), including its role in drug delivery systems and therapeutic interventions.
Historically, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been used in the production of certain photographic chemicals, although this application has diminished with changes in photographic technology.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s thermophysical properties make it of interest in thermal energy storage systems, where it could potentially be used as a heat transfer fluid.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be incorporated into the formulation of adhesives and sealants, contributing to their performance characteristics.
Due to its hygroscopic properties, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is sometimes used as a humectant in tobacco products to help maintain moisture.
Research has suggested that Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may have antimicrobial properties, and it has been explored for its potential use in antimicrobial formulations, such as hand sanitizers.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used in the production of certain adhesives, where its properties contribute to the adhesive's performance and characteristics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been used in the formulation of some electronic cigarette liquids.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is inclusion in these products is due to its ability to produce vapor and its relatively low toxicity compared to other compounds.

As industries seek more sustainable alternatives, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in the production of various bio-based chemicals, contributing to a more environmentally friendly approach.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility and chemical properties make Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) suitable for use in the formulation of inks and coatings.
In the textile industry, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be used in processes involving the production of fibers and fabrics.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered for use in anti-corrosion formulations, where it could help protect metals from corrosion.
Due to its ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a cosolvent in the pharmaceutical industry, assisting in the formulation of certain drugs.
In addition to hydraulic fluids, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be considered for use in water-based hydraulic fluids, contributing to the lubrication and cooling of hydraulic systems.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been explored as a component in seed coating formulations, potentially enhancing the efficiency of agricultural practices.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the production of certain precursors for carbon fiber, a lightweight and high-strength material.
In battery technology, it has been studied as an additive to electrolytes, aiming to improve the performance and safety of certain types of batteries.

Some studies have investigated the use of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) as an attractant for certain insects in agricultural applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be used as a preservative in certain pharmaceutical formulations to help extend the shelf life of the product.

Safety Profile:
Inhalation of vapors or mists may cause respiratory irritation.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to work in well-ventilated areas or use appropriate respiratory protection when necessary.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause irritation. Contact with the skin should be minimized, and protective equipment, such as gloves, should be used.

Direct contact with the eyes may cause irritation.
Safety goggles or a face shield should be worn when there is a risk of splashing.
Ingesting Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be harmful.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is not intended for consumption, and accidental ingestion should be avoided.
Ingestion may lead to gastrointestinal irritation.
While Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) itself is not highly flammable, it should be kept away from open flames and high heat.

Synonyms:
(S)-butane-1,3-diol
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)
24621-61-2
(3S)-butane-1,3-diol
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (3S)-
(S)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol
CHEBI:52688
BU2
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (S)-
MFCD00064278
EINECS 246-363-0
S-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)
D-Butane-1,3-diol
(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)
CHEMBL1231501
(S)-(+)-1,3-Dihydroxybutane
(S)-(+)-1,3-Butylene Glycol
AKOS015838960
CS-W016671
DB02202
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), 98%
AS-11117
B1160
EN300-6950561
A817400
J-015593
Q63390504

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is pharmaceutically involved in the production of colchicine derivatives as a anticancer agent and in the synthesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma and delta agonists acting as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is one of four stable structural isomers of butanediol.

CAS Number: 2413407-77-7
Molecular Formula: C4H8F2O2
Molecular Weight: 126.1

(S)-butane-1,3-diol, (S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), 24621-61-2, (3S)-butane-1,3-diol, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (3S)-, (S)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol, CHEBI:52688, BU2, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), (S)-, MFCD00064278, EINECS 246-363-0, S-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), D-Butane-1,3-diol, (+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), CHEMBL1231501, (S)-(+)-1,3-Dihydroxybutane, (S)-(+)-1,3-Butylene Glycol, AKOS015838960, CS-W016671, DB02202, (S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), 98%, AS-11117, B1160, EN300-6950561, A817400, J-015593, Q63390504

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and solvents.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with molecular formula c4h10o2.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is mainly used to prepare polyester resin, polyurethane resin, plasticizer, etc.

In biology, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be converted into β-hydroxybutyrate and serve as a substrate for brain metabolism.
The chemical structure consists of a four-carbon chain with two hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to carbon atoms 1 and 3.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and fermentation processes.
Chemical synthesis often involves the catalytic hydrogenation of acetylacetone or hydroformylation of allyl alcohol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the production of polymers, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is employed in the manufacturing of fibers, films, and engineering plastics.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also used as humidifier and softener for textiles, paper and tobacco.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a sweet flavor with bitter aftertaste and is odorless when pure.
Colourless liquid Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) occurs as a clear, colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet flavor and bitter aftertaste.

Butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.
At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents an.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been investigated for potential medical applications.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral molecule, and different enantiomers may have different biological activities.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has solvent properties and can be used as a solvent in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility in both water and organic solvents makes it versatile for certain chemical processes.

Due to its slightly sweet taste and ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) finds use in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it may be employed as a carrier for flavors or fragrances.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals.
For example, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to form butenes, which are valuable chemical intermediates.

With an increasing emphasis on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers, providing an alternative to petroleum-derived materials.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to produce butyrolactone, another important chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including certain polymers.
As with any chemical, regulatory agencies in different countries may have specific guidelines and restrictions on the production, use, and handling of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to be aware of and comply with these regulations.
Ongoing research continues to explore new applications and methods for the production of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), especially in the context of sustainable and green.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.

Research is ongoing to explore its suitability as an alternative fuel source.
Some strains of bacteria and yeast can produce Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) through fermentation processes.
This biological route is of interest for sustainable and eco-friendly production.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a viscous liquid at room temperature.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a slightly sweet taste.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is soluble in water and has a relatively low melting point.

As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is important to be aware of the material safety data sheet (MSDS) and follow recommended safety guidelines.
Beyond industrial applications, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has gained attention for its potential use in the production of biofuels and as a precursor for renewable chemicals.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) (also known as 1,3-butylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, or 1,3-dihydroxybutane) is an organic chemical, an alcohol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.

With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic compound with molecular formula c4h10o2.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is mainly used to prepare polyester resin, polyurethane resin, plasticizer, etc.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also used as humidifier and softener for textiles, paper and tobacco.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has a sweet flavor with bitter aftertaste and is odorless when pure.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.

At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents an.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been investigated for potential medical applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral molecule, and different enantiomers may have different biological activities.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has solvent properties and can be used as a solvent in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility in both water and organic solvents makes it versatile for certain chemical processes.
Due to its slightly sweet taste and ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) finds use in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it may be employed as a carrier for flavors or fragrances.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals.
For example, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to form butenes, which are valuable chemical intermediates.
With an increasing emphasis on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers, providing an alternative to petroleum-derived materials.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be dehydrated to produce butyrolactone, another important chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including certain polymers.
As with any chemical, regulatory agencies in different countries may have specific guidelines and restrictions on the production, use, and handling of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to be aware of and comply with these regulations.
Ongoing research continues to explore new applications and methods for the production of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), especially in the context of sustainable and green.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a potential biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.

Research is ongoing to explore its suitability as an alternative fuel source.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers.

Boiling point: 225.2±35.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.245±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
pka: 12.60±0.20(Predicted)

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in flavoring.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a type of diol or glycol, which means it has two hydroxyl (OH) groups.
The "1,3" in its name indicates the positions of the two hydroxyl groups on the carbon chain.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly sweet taste.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used for various industrial purposes.
One significant application is as a precursor in the production of certain polymers, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is a type of thermoplastic polyester.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a bitter and odorless tasting compound.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
This could make Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.

1,3 Butanediol, also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.
Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol):
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH

Dehydration of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) gives 1,3-butadiene:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH → CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), also known as b-butylene glycol or BD, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.
Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
(R)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a chiral compound that belongs to the group of organic compounds called diols.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the fermentation of Candida parapsilosis and other yeast species to produce enantiomerically pure (S)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol).
The racemate can be converted into the two enantiomers by chemical means or by enzymatic resolution.
The process for large-scale production is similar to that for ethanol fermentation, but with 2-propanol as substrate instead of glucose.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can also serve as a humectant to prevent loss of moisture in cosmetics, particularly in hair sprays and setting lotions.
The fermentor has been shown to be effective at producing large quantities of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) in a short time period.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.
At present, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents and serves as a co-monomer in manufacturing certain polyurethane and polyester resins.

Uses:
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used in the production of certain adhesives, where its properties contribute to the adhesive's performance and characteristics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered for use in anti-corrosion formulations, where it could help protect metals from corrosion.
Due to its ability to dissolve a variety of substances, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used as a cosolvent in the pharmaceutical industry, assisting in the formulation of certain drugs.

In addition to hydraulic fluids, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be considered for use in water-based hydraulic fluids, contributing to the lubrication and cooling of hydraulic systems.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been explored as a component in seed coating formulations, potentially enhancing the efficiency of agricultural practices.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is used in the production of certain precursors for carbon fiber, a lightweight and high-strength material.

Some studies have investigated the use of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) as an attractant for certain insects in agricultural applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be used as a preservative in certain pharmaceutical formulations to help extend the shelf life of the product.
In battery technology, it has been studied as an additive to electrolytes, aiming to improve the performance and safety of certain types of batteries.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been used in the formulation of some electronic cigarette liquids.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is inclusion in these products is due to its ability to produce vapor and its relatively low toxicity compared to other compounds.
As industries seek more sustainable alternatives, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in the production of various bio-based chemicals, contributing to a more environmentally friendly approach.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is solubility and chemical properties make Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) suitable for use in the formulation of inks and coatings.
In the textile industry, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be used in processes involving the production of fibers and fabrics.
One of the major uses of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is as a precursor in the production of polymers.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is properties may contribute to the effectiveness of deicing agents.
While not a direct food ingredient, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s applications in the flavor and fragrance industry may indirectly impact the food sector through its use in the production of food-related aromas and essences.
In some cases, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered for use in hydraulic fluids due to its chemical properties and potential as a biodegradable alternative.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may be employed in certain anti-freeze formulations, contributing to the prevention of freezing in various applications.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s solubility and other properties make it suitable for use in metalworking fluids, where it can help in lubrication and cooling during machining processes.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s solvent properties make it useful in the formulation of certain detergents and cleaning products.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is a key component in the synthesis of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), a thermoplastic polyester used in the production of fibers, films, and engineering plastics.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used in the production of solvents, plasticizers, and other chemicals.

Ongoing research continues to explore potential medical applications of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), including its role in drug delivery systems and therapeutic interventions.
Historically, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been used in the production of certain photographic chemicals, although this application has diminished with changes in photographic technology.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s thermophysical properties make it of interest in thermal energy storage systems, where it could potentially be used as a heat transfer fluid.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be incorporated into the formulation of adhesives and sealants, contributing to their performance characteristics.
Due to its hygroscopic properties, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is sometimes used as a humectant in tobacco products to help maintain moisture.

Research has suggested that Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may have antimicrobial properties, and it has been explored for its potential use in antimicrobial formulations, such as hand sanitizers.
Due to its solubility in both water and organic solvents, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is employed as a solvent in certain chemical processes.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s slightly sweet taste and solvent properties make it useful in the flavor and fragrance industry, where it can be used as a carrier for flavors and fragrances.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a plasticizer, a substance added to polymers to improve flexibility and other mechanical properties.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) may find applications in personal care products such as cosmetics and skincare items, where it can act as a humectant (moisture-retaining substance) and solvent.
Research has explored the potential use of Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) as a biofuel or as a component in biofuel production.

Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been studied for its potential use as a cryoprotectant in preserving biological samples at low temperatures.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can serve as a crosslinking agent in polymer chemistry, contributing to the formation of three-dimensional networks in certain materials.

Research has investigated potential medical applications, including its use in pharmaceutical synthesis and drug development.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is neuroprotective properties have also been explored.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be used as a catalyst in certain polymerization reactions.

Ongoing research may uncover new applications and uses for Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol), particularly as emerging technologies and scientific advancements open up novel possibilities for its utilization.
With an increasing focus on sustainable and bio-based materials, Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been considered as a feedstock for the production of bio-based polymers.

This aligns with efforts to reduce dependence on petroleum-derived resources in the polymer industry.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) has been explored as a potential component in deicer solutions for use in aviation and road maintenance.

Safety Profile:
Inhalation of vapors or mists may cause respiratory irritation.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) is not intended for consumption, and accidental ingestion should be avoided.

Ingestion may lead to gastrointestinal irritation.
While Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) itself is not highly flammable, it should be kept away from open flames and high heat.
Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol)'s important to work in well-ventilated areas or use appropriate respiratory protection when necessary.

Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause irritation. Contact with the skin should be minimized, and protective equipment, such as gloves, should be used.
Direct contact with the eyes may cause irritation.

Safety goggles or a face shield should be worn when there is a risk of splashing.
Ingesting Butane-1,3-diol (1,3-Butanediol) can be harmful.

Butane-1,4-diol is an organic compound belonging to the divalent alcohols.
Butane-1,4-diol has a wide application scope in several end-use industries including footwear, electronics, automotive and packaging among others.
Butane-1,4-diol is a Butane-1,4-diol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group.

CAS Number: 110-63-4
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Molecular Weight: 90.12
EINECS Number: 203-786-5

Butane-1,4-diol is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
Butane-1,4-diol is also used as an intermediate to make polyurethane that is used in auto bumpers and dash boards.
Butane-1,4-diol intermediate’s reactive sites are its hydroxyl groups, which undergo all the typical reactions of alcohols.

In addition to the condensation reactions noted above, it can be converted to simple esters and halides, dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dehydrogenated to gamma-butyrolactone.
Butane-1,4-diol is produced by hydroformylation of allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is then followed by hydrogenation.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless liquid with high boiling point and low toxicity.

Butane-1,4-diol is of great industrial importance as a starting material for numerous chemical synthesis processes and for the production of plastics.
Large amounts of the substance are obtained in a two-stage process from formaldehyde and acetylene with subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate Butane-1,4-diol.
In addition, there are processes based on propene and maleic anhydride.

Manufacturing processes based on the fermentation of renewable raw materials are also gradually gaining in importance.
Butane-1,4-diol, also termed as 1,4-butylene glycol or butane-1,4-diol, is an organic compound that is primarily utilized in the production of plastics, fibers, and solvents.
Butane-1,4-diol is a versatile chemical intermediate that possesses excellent durability, strength and thermal stability.

Butane-1,4-diol is most commonly used to produce tetrahydrofuran (THF), an extremely flammable, colorless liquid employed as an intermediate in polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) production.
This is then further processed to yield the highly popular apparel fiber - spandex, which is used in medical, automotive & sports applications.
Butane-1,4-diol is heat and light sensitive.
1,4-Butanediol reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates; reacts with oxidizing agents and reducing agents.

Butane-1,4-diol is incompatible with isocyanates and acids; also incompatible with peroxides, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, caustics, acetaldehyde, nitrogen peroxide and chlorine.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless viscous liquid diol that can be obtained by 4 different processes.
The first one is the Reppe process which consist of the reaction between the acetylene and the formaldehyde.

In 1930, the Butane-1,4-diol) synthesis has evolved to the developments of the second process, the Davy Process which is producing BDO from maleic anhydride / succinic acid.
The third process is the LyondellBassell process that allows use of BDO from Propylene Oxide.
The last one is the Geminox Process-BP chemicals using BDO from Butane.

Butane-1,4-diol can be produced through various chemical processes, including the catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or the oxidation of tetrahydrofuran (THF).
These processes yield Butane-1,4-diol as one of the products.
Butane-1,4-diol seems to have two types of pharmacological actions.

The major psychoactive effects of Butane-1,4-diol are because it is metabolized into GHB; however there is a study suggesting that Butane-1,4-diol may have potential alcohol-like pharmacological effects on its own.
The study arrived at this conclusion based on the finding that Butane-1,4-diol coadministered with ethanol led to potentiation of some of the behavioral effects of ethanol.
However, potentiation of ethanol's effects may simply be caused by competition for the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes with co-administered Butane-1,4-diol.

The shared metabolic rate-limiting steps thus leads to slowed metabolism and clearance for both compounds including ethanol's known toxic metabolite acetaldehyde
Another study found no effect following intracerebroventricular injection of Butane-1,4-diol in rats.
This contradicts the hypothesis of Butane-1,4-diol having inherent alcohol-like pharmacological effects.

Butane-1,4-diol is safe only in small amounts.
Adverse effects in higher doses include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation, vertigo, and potentially death if ingested in large amounts.
Anxiolytic effects are diminished and side effects increased when used in combination with alcohol.

Butane-1,4-diol is produced from sugars derived from the hydrolysis of starch, glucose syrup.
Butane-1,4-diol is produced through a single-step fermentation by a metabolically engineered strain of E.coli type bacteria.
Butane-1,4-diol intermediate is a versatile diol precursor to numerous derivatives such as esters, carbamates, polyesters and urethanes.

Butane-1,4-diol is used mainly as a co-monomer in classical diol-condensation reactions with terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), with diisocyanates to produce polyurethanes and with diacids to yield polyesters with biodegradability characteristics.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16℃) with a high boiling point (230℃), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).
Butane-1,4-diol is a versatile liquid diol intermediate with reactive primary hydroxyl functionality and a linear structure that lends itself to formulating polyurethane elastomers with a superior balance of properties and cost.

Butane-1,4-diol is an industrial chemical, and is illicitly used as a substitute to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB).
Butane-1,4-diol and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are structurally similar to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and there is evidence to confirm that GBL and BD are converted to GHB after oral administration.

Butane-1,4-diol abuse became popular among teens and young adults at dance clubs and “raves” in the 1990s, and gained notoriety as a date rape drug.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless, viscous liquid.

Butane-1,4-diol is a non-corrosive, colorless, high boiling liquid with a low order of toxicity.
Butane-1,4-diol is completely soluble in water, most alcohols, esters, ketones, glycol ethers and acetates, but may be immiscible or partially miscible in common aliphatic and aromatic/chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Butane-1,4-diol is produced by Lyondell Chemical Company in a proprietary, multi-step reaction from propylene oxide.

Butane-1,4-diol is a versatile chemical intermediate because of its terminal, primary hydroxyl groups and its hydrophobic and chemical resistant nature.
Production of Butane-1,4-diol occurs in a reactor where high-pressure hydrogen is injected into a feedstock chemical stream to produce Butane-1,4-diol.
Within the reactor system, a set of high-pressure process pumps continuously recycle the Butane-1,4-diol reactor fluid.

With large quantities of gas being injected and consumed in the reactor process, the Butane-1,4-diol recycle pumps face challenging conditions.
Polymers produced upon reaction with diacids or diisocyanates are the basis for many commercial polyurethane and polyester applications.
Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.

The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butane-1,4-diol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: e.g. with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.
Butane-1,4-diol has a role as a neurotoxin, a protic solvent and a prodrug. It is a butanediol and a glycol.
Butane-1,4-diol has the molecular formula C4H10O2 and the molecular weight 90.12 g/mol.

Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless, viscous liquid derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of its molecular chain and is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butane-1,4-diol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: for example with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.
Butane-1,4-diol is a high-quality intermediate.

BDO and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers.
Butane-1,4-diol, often abbreviated as BDO, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless and odorless liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.

Butane-1,4-diol belongs to a class of compounds known as diols or glycols, which are characterized by having two hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbon atoms in their chemical structure.
Additionally Butane-1,4-diol is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.

BASF is the most significant producer of Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives worldwide.
Butane-1,4-diol, not to be confused with 1,3 butanediol, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Butane-1,4-diol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.

Melting point: 16 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 230 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.017 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Flash point: 135 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
pka: 14.73±0.10(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
PH: 7-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Viscosity: 83.2mm2/s
explosive limit: 1.95-18.3%(V)
Water Solubility: Miscible
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1633445
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, mineral acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
InChIKey:WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.88 at 25℃

In addition, Butane-1,4-diol itself serves as a solvent as well as a plasticizer, a humectant, a carrier fluid for ultrasonic applications, and as an additive in lubricants.
Processing techniques that maximize the efficacy of raw materials through the usage of technologies such as fermentation is actively underway.
Butane-1,4-diol is a key component in the production of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU) plastics.

In PU production, Butane-1,4-diol is reacted with diisocyanates to form polyurethane polymers used in foam, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the textile industry to produce spandex fibers, which are known for their elasticity and stretch.
Butane-1,4-diol serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and butanediol dimethacrylate (BDDMA).

Apart from its role in polymer formation, Butane-1,4-diol can undergo various chemical reactions, such as esterification and etherification, to produce derivatives with specific properties for different applications.
Due to its potential for conversion into GHB in the body when ingested, the misuse of Butane-1,4-diol as a recreational drug is a significant safety concern.

Butane-1,4-diol is a central nervous system depressant and can lead to serious health risks, including overdose and addiction.
As a result, many countries and regions have implemented strict controls and regulations on the sale and possession of Butane-1,4-diol.
The regulatory status of Butane-1,4-diol can vary by jurisdiction.

In some places, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for misuse, while in others, it may be subject to industrial regulations.
In industrial settings, where proper safety measures are followed, exposure to Butane-1,4-diol is generally controlled to minimize health risks.
However, inhalation or skin contact with this chemical can still lead to irritation, and safety precautions should be followed to prevent exposure.

The environmental impact of Butane-1,4-diol largely depends on its usage and disposal.
Butane-1,4-diol can be used as a solvent for various applications, such as cleaning agents and paint strippers.
In the production of polyurethane foams, Butane-1,4-diol is often reacted with diisocyanates to form the polyurethane matrix.

This process allows for the creation of foams with different properties, such as flexible foams used in upholstery and mattresses or rigid foams used in insulation.
Butane-1,4-diol is a crucial component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are known for their exceptional elasticity and stretch.
Butane-1,4-diol of the highest quality - from a reliable partner who will also meet your requirements in the long term.

The liquid can be delivered promptly in drums with a capacity of 200 kg or loose in iso containers and road tankers.
Butane-1,4-diol is an important industrial material that can be used as a food additive and a flavoring agent such as Acetoin and Diacetyl, plasticizers for thermosetting polymeric materials, and precursors of polyurethanes used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
In particular, Butane-1,4-diol can be applied as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care materials.

In the case of raw cosmetics materials or personal care products, Butane-1,4-diol assists in the development of natural ingredients rather than chemical synthesis.
Gas can become entrained and loss of liquid in the pump end becomes a primary concern.
In industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form Butane-1,4-diol.

Hydrogenation of Butanedi[2]ol (BDO) gives butane-1,4-diol.
Butane-1,4-diol is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated.
Other routes are from Butane-1,4-diol, allyl acetate and succinic acid.

A biological route to Butane-1,4-diol has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism.
Butane-1,4-diol is rapidly converted into gamma-hydroxybutyric acid by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and differing levels of these enzymes may account for differences in effects and side effects between users.
While co-administration of ethanol and GHB already poses serious risks, co-administration of ethanol with Butane-1,4-diol will interact considerably and has many other otential risks.

This is because the same enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing alcohol also metabolize Butane-1,4-diol so there is a strong chance of a dangerous drug interaction.
Emergency room patients who overdose on both ethanol and Butane-1,4-diol often present with symptoms of alcohol intoxication initially and as the ethanol is metabolized the Butane-1,4-diol is then able to better compete for the enzyme and a second period of intoxication ensues as the Butane-1,4-diol is converted into GHB.
While Butane-1,4-diol is not currently scheduled federally in the United States, a number of states have classified Butane-1,4-diol as a controlled substance.

Individuals have been prosecuted for possession of Butane-1,4-diol under the Federal Analog Act as substantially similar to GHB.
A federal case in New York in 2002 ruled that Butane-1,4-diol could not be considered an analog of GHB under federal law, but that decision was later overturned by the Second Circuit.
A jury in Federal District Court in Chicago found that Butane-1,4-diol was not an analog of GHB under federal law, which was not disputed on the case's appeal to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, however this finding did not affect the outcome of the case.

In the United Kingdom, Butane-1,4-diol was scheduled in December 2009 (along with another GHB precursor, gamma-butyrolactone) as a Class C controlled substance.
In Germany, the drug is not explicitly illegal, but might also be treated as illegal if used as a drug.
Butane-1,4-diol is controlled as a Schedule VI precursor in Canada.

Butane-1,4-diol finds applications in tetrahydrofuran, polyurethane and polybutylene terephthalate resins production (major application spheres) among others Butane-1,4-diol is traditionally produced from petrochemical-based sources; the recent trend in the industry is bio-BDO production (bio-butanediol from bio-succinic acid or from dextrose).
Asia Pacific dominates the world Butane-1,4-diol market both in terms of production and consumption global consumption of butanediol is predicted to increase at 4-4.5% per year polyurethane production is expected to be the fastest growing segment of global Butane-1,4-diol market, besides good demand from tetrahydrofuran and polybutylene terephthalate sectors will also stimulate the world butadiene market growth.
Butane-1,4-diol is an important starting material for the production of solvents such as γ-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran.

Uses:
Butane-1,4-diol is used as a raw material and intermediate product in numerous processes in the chemical industry.
Butane-1,4-diols ability to dissolve a wide range of substances makes it valuable in industrial processes.
Butane-1,4-diol is a key component in the synthesis of polyurethane, a versatile polymer used in the manufacture of foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.

Butane-1,4-diol is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs and medicines.
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including some perfumes, vitamins, and herbicides.
Butane-1,4-diol can be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skin creams, where it may act as a moisturizer or humectant.

One of the most significant applications of Butane-1,4-diol is in the production of polyurethane (PU) materials.
Butane-1,4-diol is used as a diol component in the synthesis of PU foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
PU is a versatile polymer known for its flexibility, durability, and insulation properties, making it valuable in various industries, including construction, automotive, and furniture.

Butane-1,4-diol is used in the production of engineering plastics, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
Butane-1,4-diol is used, among other things, for the production of polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates and polyesters.
Butane-1,4-diol serves as a solvent in the production of plastics, resins, and other chemicals.

Butane-1,4-diol is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "Liquid Fantasy", "One Four Bee" or "One Four B-D-O".
A few Federal Courts have stated that Butane-1,4-diol exerts effects similar to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a metabolic product of Butane-1,4-diol.
But other Federal courts have ruled that it is not.

Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the synthesis of epothilones, a new class of cancer drugs. Also used in the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide.

Butane-1,4-diol's largest use is within tetrahydrofuran (THF) production, used to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, which goes mainly into spandex fibers, urethane elastomers, and copolyester ethers.
Butane-1,4-diol is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.
Butane-1,4-diol is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.

Butane-1,4-diol undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.
Butane-1,4-diol acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).
Butane-1,4-diol finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.

Butane-1,4-diol is a solvent with good antimicrobial action.
These plastics find applications in automotive components, electrical connectors, and consumer goods due to their heat resistance and mechanical strength.
Butane-1,4-diol is a critical component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are highly elastic and used in textiles and clothing.
Spandex provides stretch and comfort in sportswear, swimwear, and undergarments.

Butane-1,4-diol serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of various other chemicals.
For example, it can be converted into gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), which is used as a solvent and precursor in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals.

Butane-1,4-diol can be used as a solvent in industrial and commercial applications.
Butane-1,4-diol is effective at dissolving a wide range of substances and is used in processes like paint stripping and cleaning.
Industrial coatings, including paints and varnishes, may contain Butane-1,4-diol to improve their performance characteristics, such as adhesion, flexibility, and durability.

Butane-1,4-diol is employed in the production of circuit boards and electrical insulation materials, where its properties contribute to the performance and reliability of electronic components.
In some wastewater treatment processes, Butane-1,4-diol can be used as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvent for removing pollutants or contaminants from water.
Butane-1,4-diol serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various chemicals, including plasticizers, lubricants, and specialty chemicals, used in different industrial applications.

In some formulations, Butane-1,4-diol can be incorporated into lubricants and hydraulic fluids to improve their viscosity and performance characteristics.
Research has explored the use of Butane-1,4-diol as a component in certain energy storage systems, such as redox flow batteries, due to its ability to store and release energy efficiently.
Butane-1,4-diol can be used in the formulation of certain pesticides and herbicides, as well as in the synthesis of agricultural chemicals.

Butane-1,4-diol is also used in laboratory settings and research applications as a versatile chemical reagent for various experimental and synthesis purposes.
Butane-1,4-diol can be employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
In some cosmetic and personal care products, Butane-1,4-diol may be used as a humectant or moisturizer to help retain moisture in the skin.

Butane-1,4-diol can participate in various chemical reactions, allowing for the synthesis of specialized chemicals for specific applications.
Butane-1,4-diol is used to produce polybutyleneterephthalate, a thermoplastic polyester;and in making tetrahydrofuran, butyrolactones,and polymeric plasticizers.
Butane-1,4-diol is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes.

In organic chemistry, Butane-1,4-diol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, it dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran.
Butane-1,4-diol enhances the preservative activity of parabens.

At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
It is used to synthesize Butane-1,4-diol diglycidyl ether which is then used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins.
In 2013, worldwide production was claimed to be billions of lbs (consistent with approximately one million metric tons).

Almost half of Butane-1,4-diol is dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran to make fibers such as Spandex.
Butane-1,4-diol and Bio-BDO are commonly used as solvent but also as building block in PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate), COPE (Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers), TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane), PU (Polyurethane), Resins, PTMEG : Spandex fibres (polyester + diisocyanate) and Copolyester for Hot Melt Adhesive.
Butane-1,4-diol is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, especially in the automotive and construction industries.

Butane-1,4-diol can enhance the adhesive properties and flexibility of these products.
In addition to its role in plastics and adhesives,
Butane-1,4-diol is used in automotive manufacturing for components such as bumpers, dashboards, and interior trims.

Butane-1,4-diols incorporation into various automotive materials helps improve their strength and durability.
Butane-1,4-diol may be used as a food additive in certain food products.
Butane-1,4-diol can also serve as a carrier for flavors and fragrances due to its neutral odor and taste.

Butane-1,4-diol also serves as a humectant and viscosity controller, and to mask odor.
Butane-1,4-diol is also used as a plasticiser (e.g. in polyesters and cellulosics), as a carrier solvent in printing ink, a cleaning agent, an adhesive (in leather, plastics, polyester laminates and polyurethane footwear), in agricultural and veterinary chemicals and in coatings (in paints, varnishes and films).
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the formulation of industrial cleaning products and degreasers.

Safety Profile:
Butane-1,4-diol has a flash point, which is the lowest temperature at which it can ignite if exposed to an open flame or spark.
Therefore, it should be stored and handled away from open flames, sparks, and other potential ignition sources.
Butane-1,4-diol can cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact.

Butane-1,4-diol is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling BDO to prevent skin or eye contact.
Incompatible with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Safety and Regulation: While Butane-1,4-diol has many industrial uses.

Butane-1,4-diol is considered a hazardous chemical, and its handling and transportation are subject to regulations and safety precautions.
In addition, Butane-1,4-diol should not be confused with substances like gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a recreational drug and illegal in many places.
Butane-1,4-diol is essential to handle it with care.

Butane-1,4-diol a human poison by an unspecified route.
Moderately toxic byingestion and intraperitoneal routes.

Synonyms:
1,4-BUTANEDIOL
Butane-1,4-diol
110-63-4
Tetramethylene glycol
1,4-Butylene glycol
1,4-Dihydroxybutane
1,4-Tetramethylene glycol
Tetramethylene 1,4-diol
Sucol B
DIOL 14B
1,4-BD
Agrisynth B1D
HO(CH2)4OH
CCRIS 5984
NSC 406696
HSDB 1112
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH
UNII-7XOO2LE6G3
EINECS 203-786-5
7XOO2LE6G3
BRN 1633445
1,4 butylene glycol
DTXSID2024666
CHEBI:41189
AI3-07553
NSC-406696
DTXCID804666
EC 203-786-5
4-01-00-02515 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BDO
Dabco DBO
BU1
CAS-110-63-4
MFCD00002968
Dihydroxybutane
4-hydroxybutanol
1,4butanediol
1.4-butanediol
Dabco BDO
1,4-butandiol
1,4-butane diol
1,4-butane-diol
butane 1,4-diol
butane diol-1,4
butane-1-4-diol
1,4- butandiol
Butan-1.4-diol
1.4 - butanediol
1,4-Butanediol, 99%
WLN: Q4Q
MLS001061198
CHEMBL171623
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [MI]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [HSDB]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [INCI]
HMS3039N12
Tox21_202245
Tox21_303040
NSC406696
STL283940
AKOS000118735
1,4-Butanediol, for synthesis, 98%
CS-W016669
DB01955
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00090733-01
NCGC00090733-02
NCGC00257119-01
NCGC00259794-01
BP-21418
SMR000677930
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
B0680
FT-0606811
F71206
1,4-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Q161521
J-503971
J-512798
F0001-0222
InChI=1/C4H10O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,1-4H
732189-03-6

Butane-1,4-diol is a butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group.
A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16℃) with a high boiling point (230℃), Butane-1,4-diol is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).
Butane-1,4-diol has a role as a neurotoxin, a protic solvent and a prodrug.

CAS: 110-63-4
MF: C4H10O2
MW: 90.12
EINECS: 203-786-5

Butane-1,4-diol is a butanediol and a glycol.Odorless colorless liquid or solid (depending upon temperature).
Butane-1,4-diol, not to be confused with 1,3 butanediol, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless viscous liquid.
Butane-1,4-diol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
Butane-1,4-diol is a carbonyl group with a molecular formula of C4H10O2.
Butane-1,4-diol has a carboxylic acid functional group and two hydroxyl groups.
Butane-1,4-diol has an average diameter of 112.0 pm and a boiling point of 98 °C at standard pressure.

The reaction products from the hydrolysis of Butane-1,4-diol are formaldehyde, hydrogen fluoride, and trifluoroacetic acid.
The efficient method for synthesizing Butane-1,4-diol is by reacting trifluoroacetic acid with formaldehyde and hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst such as titanium tetrachloride.

The particle size of Butane-1,4-diol can be controlled by thermal treatment or by reacting it with particles such as silica gel or calcium carbonate.
Butane-1,4-diol tastes bitter.
Can be miscible with water, soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in ether.
Solely solidified in the coolant to form colorless needle-like crystals, react with dilute nitric acid to form succinic acid, and produce precipitation when encountering potassium carbonate solution.

Synthesis
In industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form Butane-1,4-diol.
Hydrogenation of butyne-1,4-diol gives butane-1,4-diol.
Butane-1,4-diol is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated.
Other routes are from Butane-1,4-diol, allyl acetate and succinic acid.
A biological route to Butane-1,4-diol has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism.
The biosynthesis proceeds via 4-hydroxybutyrate.

Butane-1,4-diol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 16 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 230 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.017 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 3.1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: <0.1 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Fp: 135 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
pka: 14.73±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
PH: 7-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Explosive limit: 1.95-18.3%(V)
Water Solubility: Miscible
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1633445
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, mineral acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
InChIKey: WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.88 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-63-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Butane-1,4-diol (110-63-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Butane-1,4-diol (110-63-4)

Butane-1,4-diol is a colorless, viscous liquid derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of its molecular chain and is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butane-1,4-diol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: for example with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.
Butane-1,4-diol is a high-quality intermediate.
Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers.
Additionally Butane-1,4-diol is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
BASF is the most significant producer of Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives worldwide.

Uses
Butane-1,4-diol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
Butane-1,4-diol is used in the synthesis of epothilones, a new class of cancer drugs.
Also used in the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide.
Butane-1,4-diol's largest use is within tetrahydrofuran (THF) production, used to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, which goes mainly into spandex fibers, urethane elastomers, and copolyester ethers.

Butane-1,4-diol is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.
Butane-1,4-diol is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.
Butane-1,4-diol undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.
Butane-1,4-diol acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).

Butane-1,4-diol finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.
Butane-1,4-diol is also used as a plasticiser (e.g. in polyesters and cellulosics), as a carrier solvent in printing ink, a cleaning agent, an adhesive (in leather, plastics, polyester laminates and polyurethane footwear), in agricultural and veterinary chemicals and in coatings (in paints, varnishes and films).

Butane-1,4-diol is a solvent with good antimicrobial action.
Butane-1,4-diol enhances the preservative activity of parabens.
Butane-1,4-diol also serves as a humectant and viscosity controller, and to mask odor.
Butane-1,4-diol is used to produce polybutyleneterephthalate, a thermoplastic polyester;and in making tetrahydrofuran, butyrolactones,and polymeric plasticizers.

Industrial use
Butane-1,4-diol is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes.
In organic chemistry, Butane-1,4-diol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, Butane-1,4-diol dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran.
At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
Butane-1,4-diol is used to synthesize 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether which is then used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins.

World production of Butane-1,4-diol was claimed to be about one million metric tons per year and market price is about US$ 2,000 (€ 1,600) per ton (2005).
In 2013, worldwide production was claimed to be billions of lbs (consistent with approximately one million metric tons).
Almost half of Butane-1,4-diol is dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran to make fibers such as Spandex.

Production Methods
Methods of manufacturing:
The most prevalent Butane-1,4-diol production route worldwide is BASF's Reppe process, which reacts acetylene and formaldehyde.
Acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form 1,4-butynediol, also known as but-2-yne- 1,4-diol.
Hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol gives 1,4-butanediol. 1,4-BD is also made on a large industrial scale by continuous hydrogenation of the 2-butyne- 1,4-diol over modified nickel catalysts.
The one-stage flow process is carried out at 80 - 160 deg C and 300 bar.
Mitsubishi uses a three-step process:
(1) the catalytic reaction of butadiene and acetic acid yields 1,4-diacetoxy-2-butene;
(2) subsequent hydrogenation gives 1,4-diacetoxybutane; and
(3) hydrolysis leads to 1,4-butanediol.

Reactivity Profile
Butane-1,4-diol is heat and light sensitive.
Butane-1,4-diol reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates; reacts with oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
Butane-1,4-diol is incompatible with isocyanates and acids; also incompatible with peroxides, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, caustics, acetaldehyde, nitrogen peroxide and chlorine.

Health Hazard
The acute toxic effects are mild.
Butane-1,4-diol is less toxic than its unsaturate analogs,butenediol and the butynediol.
The oral LD50 value in white rats and guinea pigsis ~2 mL/kg.
The toxic symptoms fromingestion may include excitement, depressionof the central nervous system, nausea, anddrowsiness.
Ingestion of large amounts needed to produce any symptoms.

Synonyms
1,4-BUTANEDIOL
Butane-1,4-diol
110-63-4
1,4-Butylene glycol
Tetramethylene glycol
1,4-Dihydroxybutane
1,4-Tetramethylene glycol
Tetramethylene 1,4-diol
Sucol B
DIOL 14B
1,4-BD
Agrisynth B1D
HO(CH2)4OH
CCRIS 5984
NSC 406696
HSDB 1112
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH
UNII-7XOO2LE6G3
Dabco DBO
EINECS 203-786-5
7XOO2LE6G3
BRN 1633445
1,4 butylene glycol
DTXSID2024666
CHEBI:41189
AI3-07553
NSC-406696
DTXCID804666
EC 203-786-5
4-01-00-02515 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BDO
BU1
CAS-110-63-4
MFCD00002968
butilenglicol
Dihydroxybutane
4-hydroxybutanol
1,4butanediol
1,4-butanodiol
1.4-butanediol
Dabco BDO
1,4-butandiol
14-dihydroxybutane
glicol tetrametileno
1,4-butane diol
1,4-butane-diol
1,4-butilenglicol
butane 1,4-diol
butane diol-1,4
butane-1-4-diol
1,4- butandiol
butan-1,4-diol
14-Butylene glycol
Butan-1.4-diol
Vibracure A 250
1 4-Dihydroxybutane
1,4-Dihidroxibutano
1.4 - butanediol
1 4-Butylene glycol
BDO (CHRIS Code)
Butanediol (1,4-)
tetrametileno 1,4-diol
C(CO)CCO
Tetramethylene 1 4-diol
1,4-glicol tetrametileno
1 4-Tetramethylene glycol
D0O6SI
1,4-Butanediol, 99%
WLN: Q4Q
MLS001061198
CHEMBL171623
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [MI]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [HSDB]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [INCI]
1 4BD
HMS3039N12
Tox21_202245
Tox21_303040
LS-512
NSC406696
STL283940
AKOS000118735
1,4-Butanediol, for synthesis, 98%
CS-W016669
DB01955
ZM 0025
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00090733-01
NCGC00090733-02
NCGC00257119-01
NCGC00259794-01
BP-21418
SMR000677930
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
B0680
FT-0606811
F71206
1,4-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Q161521
J-503971
J-512798
Butanediol, 1,4-; (1,4-Tetramethylene glycol; TMA)
F0001-0222
28324-25-6
732189-03-6

Butanediol (BDO), not to be confused with 1,3 butanediol, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless viscous liquid.
Butanediol (BDO) is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.

CAS Number: 110-63-4
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Molecular Weight: 90.12
EINECS Number: 203-786-5

Butanediol (BDO), often abbreviated as BDO, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
Butanediol (BDO) belongs to a class of compounds known as diols or glycols, which are characterized by having two hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbon atoms in their chemical structure.

Butanediol (BDO) is a Butane-1,4-diol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16℃) with a high boiling point (230℃), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).
Butanediol (BDO) has a role as a neurotoxin, a protic solvent and a prodrug. It is a butanediol and a glycol.

Butanediol (BDO) has the molecular formula C4H10O2 and the molecular weight 90.12 g/mol. It is a colorless, viscous liquid.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless, viscous liquid derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of its molecular chain and is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butanediol (BDO) reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: for example with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.

Butanediol (BDO) is a high-quality intermediate. BDO and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers.
Additionally Butanediol (BDO) is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
BASF is the most significant producer of Butanediol (BDO) and its derivatives worldwide.

Butanediol (BDO) is a versatile liquid diol intermediate with reactive primary hydroxyl functionality and a linear structure that lends itself to formulating polyurethane elastomers with a superior balance of properties and cost.
Butanediol (BDO) is an industrial chemical, and is illicitly used as a substitute to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB).
Butanediol (BDO) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are structurally similar to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and there is evidence to confirm that GBL and BD are converted to GHB after oral administration.

Butanediol (BDO) abuse became popular among teens and young adults at dance clubs and “raves” in the 1990s, and gained notoriety as a date rape drug.
Butanediol (BDO) is a non-corrosive, colorless, high boiling liquid with a low order of toxicity.
Butanediol (BDO) is completely soluble in water, most alcohols, esters, ketones, glycol ethers and acetates, but may be immiscible or partially miscible in common aliphatic and aromatic/chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Butanediol (BDO) is produced by Lyondell Chemical Company in a proprietary, multi-step reaction from propylene oxide.
Butanediol (BDO) is a versatile chemical intermediate because of its terminal, primary hydroxyl groups and its hydrophobic and chemical resistant nature.
Polymers produced upon reaction with diacids or diisocyanates are the basis for many commercial polyurethane and polyester applications.

Butanediol (BDO) and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butanediol (BDO) reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: e.g. with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.

Butanediol (BDO) is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
Butanediol (BDO) is heat and light sensitive. 1,4-Butanediol reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates; reacts with oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
Butanediol (BDO) is incompatible with isocyanates and acids; also incompatible with peroxides, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, caustics, acetaldehyde, nitrogen peroxide and chlorine.

Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless viscous liquid diol that can be obtained by 4 different processes.
The first one is the Reppe process which consist of the reaction between the acetylene and the formaldehyde.
In 1930, the Butanediol (BDO)) synthesis has evolved to the developments of the second process, the Davy Process which is producing BDO from maleic anhydride / succinic acid.

The third process is the LyondellBassell process that allows use of BDO from Propylene Oxide.
The last one is the Geminox Process-BP chemicals using BDO from Butane.
Butanediol (BDO) can be produced through various chemical processes, including the catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or the oxidation of tetrahydrofuran (THF).

These processes yield Butanediol (BDO) as one of the products.
Butanediol (BDO) seems to have two types of pharmacological actions.
The major psychoactive effects of Butanediol (BDO) are because it is metabolized into GHB; however there is a study suggesting that Butanediol (BDO) may have potential alcohol-like pharmacological effects on its own.

The study arrived at this conclusion based on the finding that Butanediol (BDO) coadministered with ethanol led to potentiation of some of the behavioral effects of ethanol.
However, potentiation of ethanol's effects may simply be caused by competition for the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes with co-administered Butanediol (BDO).
The shared metabolic rate-limiting steps thus leads to slowed metabolism and clearance for both compounds including ethanol's known toxic metabolite acetaldehyde.

Another study found no effect following intracerebroventricular injection of Butanediol (BDO) in rats.
This contradicts the hypothesis of Butanediol (BDO) having inherent alcohol-like pharmacological effects.
Butanediol (BDO) is safe only in small amounts.

Adverse effects in higher doses include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation, vertigo, and potentially death if ingested in large amounts.
Anxiolytic effects are diminished and side effects increased when used in combination with alcohol.
Butanediol (BDO) is produced from sugars derived from the hydrolysis of starch, glucose syrup.

Butanediol (BDO) is produced through a single-step fermentation by a metabolically engineered strain of E.coli type bacteria.
Butanediol (BDO) intermediate is a versatile diol precursor to numerous derivatives such as esters, carbamates, polyesters and urethanes.
Butanediol (BDO) is used mainly as a co-monomer in classical diol-condensation reactions with terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), with diisocyanates to produce polyurethanes and with diacids to yield polyesters with biodegradability characteristics.

Butanediol (BDO) is also used as an intermediate to make polyurethane that is used in auto bumpers and dash boards.
Butanediol (BDO) intermediate’s reactive sites are its hydroxyl groups, which undergo all the typical reactions of alcohols.
In addition to the condensation reactions noted above, it can be converted to simple esters and halides, dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dehydrogenated to gamma-butyrolactone.

Butanediol (BDO) is produced by hydroformylation of allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is then followed by hydrogenation.
Butanediol (BDO) is a colorless liquid with high boiling point and low toxicity.
Butanediol (BDO) is an organic compound belonging to the divalent alcohols.

Butanediol (BDO) is of great industrial importance as a starting material for numerous chemical synthesis processes and for the production of plastics.
Large amounts of the substance are obtained in a two-stage process from formaldehyde and acetylene with subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate Butanediol (BDO).
In addition, there are processes based on propene and maleic anhydride.

Manufacturing processes based on the fermentation of renewable raw materials are also gradually gaining in importance.
Butanediol (BDO), also termed as 1,4-butylene glycol or butane-1,4-diol, is an organic compound that is primarily utilized in the production of plastics, fibers, and solvents.
Butanediol (BDO) is a versatile chemical intermediate that possesses excellent durability, strength and thermal stability.

Butanediol (BDO) has a wide application scope in several end-use industries including footwear, electronics, automotive and packaging among others.
Butanediol (BDO) is most commonly used to produce tetrahydrofuran (THF), an extremely flammable, colorless liquid employed as an intermediate in polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) production.
This is then further processed to yield the highly popular apparel fiber - spandex, which is used in medical, automotive & sports applications.

Melting point: 16 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 230 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.017 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Flash point: 135 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
pka: 14.73±0.10(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
PH: 7-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Viscosity: 83.2mm2/s
explosive limit: 1.95-18.3%(V)
Water Solubility: Miscible
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1633445
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, mineral acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
InChIKey:WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.88 at 25℃

Production of Butanediol (BDO) occurs in a reactor where high-pressure hydrogen is injected into a feedstock chemical stream to produce Butanediol (BDO).
Within the reactor system, a set of high-pressure process pumps continuously recycle the Butanediol (BDO) reactor fluid.
With large quantities of gas being injected and consumed in the reactor process, the Butanediol (BDO) recycle pumps face challenging conditions.

Gas can become entrained and loss of liquid in the pump end becomes a primary concern.
In industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form Butanediol (BDO).
Hydrogenation of Butanediol (BDO) gives butane-1,4-diol.

Butanediol (BDO) is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated.
Other routes are from Butanediol (BDO), allyl acetate and succinic acid.
A biological route to Butanediol (BDO) has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism.

Butanediol (BDO) is rapidly converted into gamma-hydroxybutyric acid by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and differing levels of these enzymes may account for differences in effects and side effects between users.
While co-administration of ethanol and GHB already poses serious risks, co-administration of ethanol with Butanediol (BDO) will interact considerably and has many other potential risks.
This is because the same enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing alcohol also metabolize Butanediol (BDO) so there is a strong chance of a dangerous drug interaction.

Emergency room patients who overdose on both ethanol and Butanediol (BDO) often present with symptoms of alcohol intoxication initially and as the ethanol is metabolized the Butanediol (BDO) is then able to better compete for the enzyme and a second period of intoxication ensues as the Butanediol (BDO) is converted into GHB.
While Butanediol (BDO) is not currently scheduled federally in the United States, a number of states have classified Butanediol (BDO) as a controlled substance.
Individuals have been prosecuted for possession of Butanediol (BDO) under the Federal Analog Act as substantially similar to GHB.

A federal case in New York in 2002 ruled that Butanediol (BDO) could not be considered an analog of GHB under federal law, but that decision was later overturned by the Second Circuit.
A jury in Federal District Court in Chicago found that Butanediol (BDO) was not an analog of GHB under federal law, which was not disputed on the case's appeal to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, however this finding did not affect the outcome of the case.
In the United Kingdom, Butanediol (BDO) was scheduled in December 2009 (along with another GHB precursor, gamma-butyrolactone) as a Class C controlled substance.

In Germany, the drug is not explicitly illegal, but might also be treated as illegal if used as a drug.
Butanediol (BDO) is controlled as a Schedule VI precursor in Canada.
Butanediol (BDO) finds applications in tetrahydrofuran, polyurethane and polybutylene terephthalate resins production (major application spheres) among others Butanediol (BDO) is traditionally produced from petrochemical-based sources; the recent trend in the industry is bio-BDO production (bio-butanediol from bio-succinic acid or from dextrose).

Asia Pacific dominates the world Butanediol (BDO) market both in terms of production and consumption global consumption of butanediol is predicted to increase at 4-4.5% per year polyurethane production is expected to be the fastest growing segment of global Butanediol (BDO) market, besides good demand from tetrahydrofuran and polybutylene terephthalate sectors will also stimulate the world butadiene market growth.
Butanediol (BDO) is an important starting material for the production of solvents such as γ-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran.

In addition, Butanediol (BDO) itself serves as a solvent as well as a plasticizer, a humectant, a carrier fluid for ultrasonic applications, and as an additive in lubricants.
Butanediol (BDO) of the highest quality - from a reliable partner who will also meet your requirements in the long term.
The liquid can be delivered promptly in drums with a capacity of 200 kg or loose in iso containers and road tankers.

Butanediol (BDO) is an important industrial material that can be used as a food additive and a flavoring agent such as Acetoin and Diacetyl, plasticizers for thermosetting polymeric materials, and precursors of polyurethanes used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
In particular, Butanediol (BDO) can be applied as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care materials.
In the case of raw cosmetics materials or personal care products, Butanediol (BDO) assists in the development of natural ingredients rather than chemical synthesis.

Processing techniques that maximize the efficacy of raw materials through the usage of technologies such as fermentation is actively underway.
Butanediol (BDO) is a key component in the production of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU) plastics.
In PU production, Butanediol (BDO) is reacted with diisocyanates to form polyurethane polymers used in foam, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.

Butanediol (BDO) is used in the textile industry to produce spandex fibers, which are known for their elasticity and stretch.
Butanediol (BDO) serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and butanediol dimethacrylate (BDDMA).
Butanediol (BDO) can be used as a solvent for various applications, such as cleaning agents and paint strippers.

In the production of polyurethane foams, Butanediol (BDO) is often reacted with diisocyanates to form the polyurethane matrix.
This process allows for the creation of foams with different properties, such as flexible foams used in upholstery and mattresses or rigid foams used in insulation.
Butanediol (BDO) is a crucial component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are known for their exceptional elasticity and stretch.

Apart from its role in polymer formation, Butanediol (BDO) can undergo various chemical reactions, such as esterification and etherification, to produce derivatives with specific properties for different applications.
Due to its potential for conversion into GHB in the body when ingested, the misuse of Butanediol (BDO) as a recreational drug is a significant safety concern.
Butanediol (BDO) is a central nervous system depressant and can lead to serious health risks, including overdose and addiction.

As a result, many countries and regions have implemented strict controls and regulations on the sale and possession of Butanediol (BDO).
The regulatory status of Butanediol (BDO) can vary by jurisdiction.
In some places, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for misuse, while in others, it may be subject to industrial regulations.

In industrial settings, where proper safety measures are followed, exposure to Butanediol (BDO) is generally controlled to minimize health risks.
However, inhalation or skin contact with this chemical can still lead to irritation, and safety precautions should be followed to prevent exposure.
The environmental impact of Butanediol (BDO) largely depends on its usage and disposal.

Uses:
Butanediol (BDO) is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "Liquid Fantasy", "One Four Bee" or "One Four B-D-O".
A few Federal Courts have stated that Butanediol (BDO) exerts effects similar to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a metabolic product of Butanediol (BDO).
But other Federal courts have ruled that it is not.

Butanediol (BDO) and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
Butanediol (BDO) is used in the synthesis of epothilones, a new class of cancer drugs. Also used in the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide.
Butanediol (BDO)'s largest use is within tetrahydrofuran (THF) production, used to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, which goes mainly into spandex fibers, urethane elastomers, and copolyester ethers.

Butanediol (BDO) is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.
Butanediol (BDO) is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.
Butanediol (BDO) undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.

Butanediol (BDO) acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).
Butanediol (BDO) finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.
Butanediol (BDO) is also used as a plasticiser (e.g. in polyesters and cellulosics), as a carrier solvent in printing ink, a cleaning agent, an adhesive (in leather, plastics, polyester laminates and polyurethane footwear), in agricultural and veterinary chemicals and in coatings (in paints, varnishes and films).

Butanediol (BDO) is a solvent with good antimicrobial action.
Butanediol (BDO) enhances the preservative activity of parabens.
Butanediol (BDO) also serves as a humectant and viscosity controller, and to mask odor.

Butanediol (BDO) is used as a raw material and intermediate product in numerous processes in the chemical industry.
Butanediol (BDO) is used, among other things, for the production of polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates and polyesters.
Butanediol (BDO) serves as a solvent in the production of plastics, resins, and other chemicals.

Butanediol (BDO)s ability to dissolve a wide range of substances makes it valuable in industrial processes.
Butanediol (BDO) is a key component in the synthesis of polyurethane, a versatile polymer used in the manufacture of foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
Butanediol (BDO) is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs and medicines.

Butanediol (BDO) is used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including some perfumes, vitamins, and herbicides.
Butanediol (BDO) can be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skin creams, where it may act as a moisturizer or humectant.
One of the most significant applications of Butanediol (BDO) is in the production of polyurethane (PU) materials.

Butanediol (BDO) is used as a diol component in the synthesis of PU foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
PU is a versatile polymer known for its flexibility, durability, and insulation properties, making it valuable in various industries, including construction, automotive, and furniture.
Butanediol (BDO) is used in the production of engineering plastics, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).

These plastics find applications in automotive components, electrical connectors, and consumer goods due to their heat resistance and mechanical strength.
Butanediol (BDO) is a critical component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are highly elastic and used in textiles and clothing.
Spandex provides stretch and comfort in sportswear, swimwear, and undergarments.

Butanediol (BDO) serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of various other chemicals.
For example, it can be converted into gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), which is used as a solvent and precursor in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals.
Butanediol (BDO) can be used as a solvent in industrial and commercial applications.

Butanediol (BDO) is effective at dissolving a wide range of substances and is used in processes like paint stripping and cleaning.
Butanediol (BDO) can be employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
In some cosmetic and personal care products, Butanediol (BDO) may be used as a humectant or moisturizer to help retain moisture in the skin.

Butanediol (BDO) is used in the formulation of industrial cleaning products and degreasers.
Butanediol (BDO) can participate in various chemical reactions, allowing for the synthesis of specialized chemicals for specific applications.
Butanediol (BDO) is used to produce polybutyleneterephthalate, a thermoplastic polyester;and in making tetrahydrofuran, butyrolactones,and polymeric plasticizers.

Butanediol (BDO) is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes.
In organic chemistry, Butanediol (BDO) is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, it dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran.

At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
It is used to synthesize Butanediol (BDO) diglycidyl ether which is then used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins.
In 2013, worldwide production was claimed to be billions of lbs (consistent with approximately one million metric tons).

Almost half of Butanediol (BDO) is dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran to make fibers such as Spandex.
The largest producer is BASF.
Butanediol (BDO) and Bio-BDO are commonly used as solvent but also as building block in PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate), COPE (Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers), TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane), PU (Polyurethane), Resins, PTMEG : Spandex fibres (polyester + diisocyanate) and Copolyester for Hot Melt Adhesive.

Butanediol (BDO) is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, especially in the automotive and construction industries.
Butanediol (BDO) can enhance the adhesive properties and flexibility of these products.
In addition to its role in plastics and adhesives,
Butanediol (BDO) is used in automotive manufacturing for components such as bumpers, dashboards, and interior trims.

Butanediol (BDO)s incorporation into various automotive materials helps improve their strength and durability.
Butanediol (BDO) may be used as a food additive in certain food products.
Butanediol (BDO) can also serve as a carrier for flavors and fragrances due to its neutral odor and taste.

Industrial coatings, including paints and varnishes, may contain Butanediol (BDO) to improve their performance characteristics, such as adhesion, flexibility, and durability.
Butanediol (BDO) is employed in the production of circuit boards and electrical insulation materials, where its properties contribute to the performance and reliability of electronic components.

In some wastewater treatment processes, Butanediol (BDO) can be used as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvent for removing pollutants or contaminants from water.
Butanediol (BDO) serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various chemicals, including plasticizers, lubricants, and specialty chemicals, used in different industrial applications.

In some formulations, Butanediol (BDO) can be incorporated into lubricants and hydraulic fluids to improve their viscosity and performance characteristics.
Research has explored the use of Butanediol (BDO) as a component in certain energy storage systems, such as redox flow batteries, due to its ability to store and release energy efficiently.

Butanediol (BDO) can be used in the formulation of certain pesticides and herbicides, as well as in the synthesis of agricultural chemicals.
Butanediol (BDO) is also used in laboratory settings and research applications as a versatile chemical reagent for various experimental and synthesis purposes.

Safety Profile:
Butanediol (BDO) a human poison by an unspecified route.
Moderately toxic byingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
Human systemic effects: altered sleep time.

Incompatible with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Safety and Regulation: While Butanediol (BDO) has many industrial uses,
Butanediol (BDO) is essential to handle it with care.

Butanediol (BDO) is considered a hazardous chemical, and its handling and transportation are subject to regulations and safety precautions.
In addition, Butanediol (BDO) should not be confused with substances like gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a recreational drug and illegal in many places.

Synonyms:
1,4-BUTANEDIOL
Butane-1,4-diol
110-63-4
Tetramethylene glycol
1,4-Butylene glycol
1,4-Dihydroxybutane
1,4-Tetramethylene glycol
Tetramethylene 1,4-diol
Sucol B
DIOL 14B
1,4-BD
Agrisynth B1D
HO(CH2)4OH
CCRIS 5984
NSC 406696
HSDB 1112
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH
UNII-7XOO2LE6G3
EINECS 203-786-5
7XOO2LE6G3
BRN 1633445
1,4 butylene glycol
DTXSID2024666
CHEBI:41189
AI3-07553
NSC-406696
DTXCID804666
EC 203-786-5
4-01-00-02515 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BDO
Dabco DBO
BU1
CAS-110-63-4
MFCD00002968
Dihydroxybutane
4-hydroxybutanol
1,4butanediol
1.4-butanediol
Dabco BDO
1,4-butandiol
1,4-butane diol
1,4-butane-diol
butane 1,4-diol
butane diol-1,4
butane-1-4-diol
1,4- butandiol
Butan-1.4-diol
1.4 - butanediol
1,4-Butanediol, 99%
WLN: Q4Q
MLS001061198
CHEMBL171623
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [MI]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [HSDB]
1,4-BUTANEDIOL [INCI]
HMS3039N12
Tox21_202245
Tox21_303040
NSC406696
STL283940
AKOS000118735
1,4-Butanediol, for synthesis, 98%
CS-W016669
DB01955
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00090733-01
NCGC00090733-02
NCGC00257119-01
NCGC00259794-01
BP-21418
SMR000677930
1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
B0680
FT-0606811
F71206
1,4-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Q161521
J-503971
J-512798
F0001-0222
InChI=1/C4H10O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,1-4H
732189-03-6

Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a clear colorless liquid with a musty odor.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a colorless liquid with a musty odor.


CAS Number: 96-29-7
EC Number: 202-496-6
MDL number: MFCD00013935
Molecular Formula: C4H9NO



SYNONYMS:
MEKO, 2-Butanone oxime, Butanone oxime, Ethyl methyl ketone oxime, Ethyl methyl ketoxime, MEK-oxime, Methyl ethyl ketoxime, Methyl ethyl ketone oxime, MEKO
MEK-oxime, 2-Butanone oxime, Butanone oxime, Ethyl methyl ketone oxime, Ethyl methyl ketoxime, MEK-oxime, Methyl ethyl ketone oxime, Skino #2, Troykyd anti-skin B, MEKO, UN1993, MEK-oxime, Butanone oxime, 2-BUTANONE OXIME, Troykyd anti-skin B, Ethyl methyl ketone oxime, Methyl ethyl ketone oxime, USAF AM-3, Ethyl methyl ketoxime, Methyl ethyl ketoxime, USAF EK-906, Ethyl-methylketonoxim, 2-Butanone, oxime, NSC 442, NSC-442, 51YGE935U9, 96-29-7, WLN: QNUY2&1, Skino #2, UNII-51YGE935U9, CCRIS 1382, HSDB 8043, 2-Isonitroso-butan, butan-2-one oxime, EINECS 202-496-6, BRN 1698241, (Z)-2-Butanone oxime, (2Z)-butan-2-one oxime, EC 202-496-6, 4-01-00-03250 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 2-butanone, oxime, (2Z)-, (2E)-N-hydroxybutan-2-imine, (EZ)-Methylethyl ketone oxime, NSC442, NSC65465, NSC-65465, 10341-59-0, Q5230000, Butanone oxime, Methyl ethyl ketone oxime, 2-BUTANONE OXIME, Ethyl methyl ketoxime, USAF EK-906, Ethyl-methylketonoxim, UNII-51YGE935U9, 2-Butanone, oxime, Methyl ethyl ketoxime, 51YGE935U9, Troykyd anti-skin B, Skino #2, USAF AM-3, WLN: QNUY2&1, CCRIS 1382, 96-29-7, NSC 442, EINECS 202-496-6, BRN 1698241



Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a clear colorless liquid with a musty odor.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a kind of oil-based coating antioxidant, used for anti-skinning treatment during the storage and transportation of a variety of oil-based paint, alkyd paint, epoxy ester paint and etc.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a colorless liquid with a musty odor.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is an essential chemical used as an anti-skinning agent in paints and lacquers, as a blocking-agent for isocyanate in polyurethanes, and in the manufacture of oxime silanes (that are used as crosslinkers for silicone sealants).
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a high production volume (HPV) chemical produced at over one million pounds annually.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a clear, and colorless.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is readily biodegradable and will not persist in the environment.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is the organic compound with the formula C2H5C(NOH)CH3.


This colourless liquid, Butanone oxime (MEKO), is the oxime derivative of methyl ethyl ketone.
In the world of chemicals, Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a versatile compound known for its unique properties and applications.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C5H11NO.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is categorised as an oxime Crosslinker for silicones and is characterised by its distinctive odour.
Butanone oxime (MEKO), also known as 2-butanone oxime or MEK-oxime, is the organic compound with the formula C2H5C(NOH)CH3.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is an industrial antioxidant used as an anti-skinning agent in paints and lacquers, as a blocking-agent for isocyanate in polyurethanes, and in the manufacture of oxime silanes (that are used as crosslinkers for silicone sealants).


The global Butanone oxime (MEKO) market is anticipated to expand positively at a CAGR of 4.8% during the forecast period (2022-2028), according to StrategyHelix.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is an essential chemical used as an anti-skinning agent in paints and lacquers, as a blocking-agent for isocyanate in polyurethanes, and in the manufacture of oxime silanes (that are used as crosslinkers for silicone sealants).


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical produced at over 1,000,000 pounds annually.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a clear, and colorless liquid.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is rapidly metabolized and eliminated from the body.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) does not cause harmful effects on reproduction or development.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is an essential chemical used as an anti-skinning agent in paints and lacquers, as a blocking-agent for isocyanate in polyurethanes, and in the manufacture of oxime silanes.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used as an anti-skinning agent in alkyd paints.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is also used as a blocking agent (urethane polymers) and a corrosion inhibitor (boilers).
Butanone oxime (MEKO) has been widely used in the coatings industry as an anti-skinning agent for alkyds


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is mainly used as an anti-skinning agent and viscidity stabilizer for alkyd resin coating.
As an anti-skinning agent, Butanone oxime (MEKO) is recommended to be added in the amount of 0.1-0.3% after a test to determine the best usage and dosage.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) of high purity can be used in the synthesis of silicone cross-linking agent, silicon curing agent and isocyanate sealant


Butanone oxime (MEKO) can be used in offset printing ink and other industries, and used as corrosion inhibitor in industrial boiler or water treatment system.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) can also be used as wood preservative and pharmaceutical intermediate for alum and magnesium removal and etc.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) can be used to produce high purity hydroxylamine sulfate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and etc.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following products: coating products.
Other release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following products: coating products.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used for the manufacture of: wood and wood products, pulp, paper and paper products, plastic products, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, machinery and vehicles and furniture.


Other release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following products: coating products and polymers.
Release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following products: coating products.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.


Release to the environment of Butanone oxime (MEKO) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a substance used to prevent the skinning of some solvent-borne paints in the container or prior to use.
Once the paint is applied to a surface, the Butanone oxime (MEKO) evaporates, thereby allowing the drying process to proceed.


Historically, Butanone oxime (MEKO) has been used by the industry for many years as it is a very effective anti-skinning agent.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is a colourless to pale yellow liquid that is soluble in water and commonly used for its reactivity with compounds containing isocyanate groups.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) has several valuable applications across different industries.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is utilised in a variety of applications due to its unique properties.
Curing Agent: Some silicone sealants use Butanone oxime (MEKO) as a curing agent, aiding in the hardening and setting of the sealant.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used adhesives and sealant chemicals.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture.


Chemical property of MEKO which is useful in paint industry: Butanone oxime (MEKO) functions by binding the drying agents, metal salts that catalyze the oxidative crosslinking of drying oils.
Once the paint is applied to a surface, Butanone oxime (MEKO) evaporates, thereby allowing the drying process to proceed.


Other antiskinning agents have been used, including phenol-based antioxidants, but these tend to yellow the paint.
Butanone oxime (MEKO), as it is called in the paint industry, is used to suppress "skinning" of paints: the formation of a skin on paint before it is used.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is particularly used in alkyd paints.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) functions by binding the drying agents, metal salts that catalyze the oxidative crosslinking of drying oils.
Once the paint is applied to a surface, Butanone oxime (MEKO) evaporates, thereby allowing the drying process to proceed.
Other antiskinning agents have been used, including phenolic antioxidants (E.G butylated hydroxytoluene), but these tend to yellow the paint.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is also used in some types of RTV silicones.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) acts as a curing agent.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) offers outstanding water resistance and heat resistance.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is recommended for silicone based rubbers.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is colorless oily liquid.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is mainly used as glycerol-phthalic resin coating, anti-skining agent, silicon curing agent, and desoxidant of boiler water system.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is also used in the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane resin and organic synthesis.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is mainly used as glycerol-phthalic resin coating, anti-skining agent, silicon curing agent, and desoxidant of boiler water system.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used in the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane resin and organic synthesis.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is widely used as a protective, anti-skinning agent for paints and coatings.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is also suitable for use as a raw material to make hardeners for silicon rubber compounds and electrodeposition coatings.


Butanone oxime (MEKO) is widely used in all kinds of Alkyd Resin paint(furniture paint and industry paint),PU paint, phenolic paint,roading marking paint, car paint, sealing paint for electroplating,epoxy resin paint and ink stocking process, to preventing it from skinning, and keep the stability of the viscosity.


-Anti-Skinning Agent uses of Butanone oxime (MEKO):
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is often used as an anti-skinning agent in coatings and paints.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) prevents the formation of a skin or surface film when the product is exposed to air, thus extending the shelf life of these materials.


-Crosslinking Agent uses of Butanone oxime (MEKO):
In the production of adhesives and sealants, Butanone oxime (MEKO) acts as a crosslinking agent.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) helps improve the durability and performance of these products.


-Inhibitor uses of Butanone oxime (MEKO):
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is employed as an inhibitor in industrial processes involving isocyanate compounds, such as the production of polyurethane foams.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) stabilizes these compounds, preventing premature reactions.



IN PAINT INDUSTRY, BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
Butanone oxime (MEKO), as it is called in the paint industry, is used to suppress “skinning” of paints: the formation of a skin on paint before it is used, hence is a popular anti-skinning agent.
Skinning is the biggest nuisance in protective coatings.

Skinning causes the avoidable waste of a costly coating material.
Paint containers are not always filled to the brim.
So air present in a void reacts with the paint, thereby causing oxidation and polymerization of the coating at the air/paint interface.
This results in formation of a solid skin during storage.

The lost of paint due to skinning is estimated to be as much as 3 to 5%.
This not only worries the consumers but also the manufacturers when it comes to filling of small containers.
The minute doze of an effective anti-skinning agent can alleviate the difficulty of skinning.



BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO) IS INCORPORATED INTO A RANGE OF PRODUCTS ACROSS DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES:
Some of the common products that may contain MEKO include:

*Paints and Coatings:
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is added to paints and coatings as an anti-skinning agent, ensuring the product remains usable over time.

*Adhesives and Sealants:
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is used as a crosslinking agent in adhesives and sealants, enhancing their performance and durability.

*Polyurethane Foams:
In the production of polyurethane foams, Butanone oxime (MEKO) serves as an inhibitor to prevent premature reactions during processing.

*Silicone Sealants:
Certain silicone sealants use Butanone oxime (MEKO) as a curing agent to facilitate the hardening process.



THE FUTURE OF BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
Zero or No Meko Silicone is the new-generation Butanone oxime (MEKO)-free oxime.
Butanone oxime (MEKO) is odourless, safer for users and environmentally friendly.
Its curing speed, adhesion, mechanical properties and more are comparable to those of conventional Butanone oxime (MEKO) silicones.



BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO) MARKET OVERVIEW:
The Butanone oxime (MEKO) Market size is expected to develop revenue and exponential market growth at a remarkable CAGR during the forecast period from 2023–2030.
The growth of the market can be attributed to the increasing demand for Butanone oxime (MEKO) owning to the Paints, Resins, Adhesives, Others Applications across the global level.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
Molecular Weight: 87.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 87.068413911 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 87.068413911 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 32.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 58.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS Number: 96-29-7
Molecular Weight: 87.12
Beilstein: 1698241
EC Number: 202-496-6
MDL number: MFCD00013935
Appearance: Colorless, clean, oily liquid
Purity: 99.5% min
pH Value: 7-8
Melting Point: -29.5°C

Boiling Range: 144-153°C
Refractive Index: 1.4410
Relative Vapour Density: 3.00
Specific Gravity: 0.78
Flash Point: 69°C
Physical state: Clear, liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -29.5°C (OECD Test Guideline 102)
Initial boiling point and boiling range:
59-60°C at 20 hPa (literature)
151-152°C at 1.013 hPa (literature)
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 61.97°C (closed cup)
Autoignition temperature: 314-317°C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: No data available
Dynamic viscosity: Approximately 15 mPa.s at 20°C
Water solubility: Approximately 100 g/l at 25°C
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Approximately log Pow: 0.63
Vapor pressure: Less than 10 hPa at 20°C
Density: 0.924 g/cm3 at 25°C (literature)
Relative density: 0.92 at 20°C
Relative vapor density: 3.01 (Air = 1.0)

Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Dissociation constant approximately 12.45 at 25°C,
Relative vapor 3.01 (Air = 1.0)
Melting point: -30°C
Boiling point: 59-60°C at 15 mm Hg (literature)
Density: 0.924 g/mL at 25°C (literature)
Vapor density: 3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: <8 mm Hg at 20°C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.442 (literature)
Flash point: 140°F

Solubility: Water soluble, 100g/L at 25°C
Form: Liquid
pKa: pK1: 12.45 (25°C)
Color: Clear colorless to pale yellow
Water Solubility: 114 g/L at 20°C
BRN: 1698241
Dielectric constant: 3.4 (20°C)
Stability: Stable
InChIKey: WHIVNJATOVLWBW-SNAWJCMRSA-N
LogP: 0.63 at 25°C
CAS DataBase Reference: 96-29-7 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 4
FDA UNII: 51YGE935U9
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Butanone, oxime (96-29-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Methyl ethyl ketoxime (96-29-7)





FIRST AID MEASURES of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
vice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water. Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A-(P3)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BUTANONE OXIME (MEKO):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

buteth-2 acetate; acetic acid 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl ester ;( butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate; butylcarbitol acetate; butyldiglycol acetate ; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate cas no:124-17-4

Butyl Di Glycol (BDG); Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether; butoxydiglycol; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-; diethylene glycol butyl ether; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; butyl carbitol; butyldiglycol cas no:112-34-5

2-Butoxyethanol, Butyl Cellosolve ; ETHYLENEGLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER; 2-Butoxy ethanol; Butyl cellosolve; Dowanol EB; Butyl oxitol; Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether; n-Butyl Cellosolve; Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether; butoxyethanol; Beta-butoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol butyl ether; n-butoxyethanol; 2-butoxy-1-ethanol; o-butyl ethylene glycol; glycol ether eb acetate; monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol; monobutyl glycol ether; 3-oxa-1-heptanol; poly-solv eb; 2-n-Butoxyethanol; 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol; -Butossi-etanolo (Italian); 2-Butoxy-aethanol (GERMAN); Butoksyetylowy alkohol (Polish); Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol (Spanish); Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol (French); cas no:11-76-2

Butyl Glycol Acetate; 2-butoxyethyl acetate; ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate; acetic acid, 2-butoxyethyl ester; 1- acetoxy-2-butoxyethane; butyl glycol acetate; butylcellosolve acetate; ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate cas no:112-07-2

Triglycol Monobutyl Ether; Butoxytriglycol; BTG; 2-(2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol; 3,6,9-Trioxatridecan-1-ol; Butyl Triglycol Ether; cas no:143-22-6

diethylene glycol monobutyl ether;Butyl diglycol; CAS : 112-34-5, Nom INCI : BUTOXYDIGLYCOL, Nom chimique : 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol; DEGBE;N; °EINECS/ELINCS : 203-961-6, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français : (BUTOXY-2 ETHOXY)-2 ETHANOL; 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) ethanol; BUTOXYDIETHYLENE GLYCOL; BUTOXYDIGLYCOL; BUTOXYETHOXYETHANOL; BUTYL DIGLYCOL BUTYL DIOXITOL; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL BUTYL ETHER; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL NORMAL-BUTYL ETHER;DIGLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER ETHANOL, 2,2'-OXYBIS-, MONOBUTYL ETHER; ETHANOL, 2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)-; Ether de diéthylène glycol monobutylique; ETHER MONOBUTYLIQUE DU DIETHYLENE GLYCOL; Ether monobutylique du diéthylène glycol; ORTHO-BUTYL DIETHYLENE GLYCOL; Éther de diéthylène glycol monobutylique.Noms anglais : Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Utilisation: Fabrication de produits organiques, solvant de produits organiques. 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol (DEGBE); 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; DEGBE;Diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether; Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2-butoksietoksi)etanol (hr); 2-(2-butoksietoksi)etanoli (fi); 2-(2-butoksietoksi)etanolis (lt); 2-(2-butoksietoksi)etanols (lv);2-(2-butoksyetoksy)etanol (no) ;2-(2-butoksüetoksü)etanool (et);2-(2-butossietossi)etanolo (it);2-(2-butoxietoxi)etanol (es); 2-(2-butoxietóxi)etanol (pt); 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol (cs); 2-(2-butoxyetoxy)etanol (sk);2-(2-butoxyéthoxy)éthanol (fr); 2-(2-βουτοξυαιθοξυ)αιθανόλ (el); 2-(2-бутоксиетокси)eтанол (bg); butildietilenglikol (sl); butyldiglykol (cs); Diethylenglykolmonobutylether (de); dietilen glicol monobutil eter (ro); dietilen-glikol monobutil-eter (hr); dietileneglicol(mono)butiletene (it); dietilenglikolio monobutileteris (lt); dietilén-glikol-monobutil-éter (hu); dietilēnglikola monobutilēteris (lv);dietylénglykol-monobutyléter (sk); dietüleenglükoolmonobutüüleeter (et);eter monobutylowy glikolu dietylenowego (pl); диетилен гликол монобутил етер (bg); CAS names;Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)- ; 2-(2-butoxy-ethoxy)-ethanol; 2-(2-butoxyehoxy)ethanol; 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy ethanol); 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) Ethanol; 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)- ethanol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol/diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol;2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; DEGBE; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol;diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2butoxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-Butoxyethanol; Butyl carbitol; Butyl diglycol ether; Butyl Dioxitol; butyldiglycol ether; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL BUTYL ETHER; Diethylene glycol butyl ether, BDG, Butyldiglycol, Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol - DEGBE); diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; Diethylene glycol n-butyl ether; Ethanol, 2-(butoxythoxy)-; Glycol Ether DB {2-(2-}butoxy)ethoxy ethanol s 1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxadecan 2-Hydroxy-2-butoxy-diethylether 3,6-Dioxa-1-decanol BDGE Butadigol Butoxyethoxyethanol Butyl CARBITOL Solvent Butyl Diethoxol Butyl diglycol Butyl diglycol(BDG) Butyl digol Butyl oxitol glycol ether Butyldiglycolether Di ethyleneglycol butyl ether Diglycol monobutyl ether Dowanol DB Ektasolve DB Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, monobutyl ether Glycol Ether EB n-Butyl Carbitol O-Butyl diethylene glycol O-Buyl diethylene glycol Poly-Solv DB Diethylene glycol n-butyl ether 112-34-5 [RN] 1739225 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol [German] 2-(2-Butoxyéthoxy)éthanol [French] 2-(2-n-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol 2-(n-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol 2-[2-Butoxyethoxy]-ethanol 203-961-6 [EINECS] BDG butyl carbitol Butyl CARBITOL(TM) Butyl diglycol Butyldiglycol DEGBE Diethylene glycol butyl ether Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER Diethylene gylcol monobutyl ether Diglycol monobutyl ether Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)- [ACD/Index Name] KJ9100000 MFCD00002881 [MDL number] n-Butyl carbitol UNII:9TB90IYC0E [112-34-5] 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 99% 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, 99+% 210818-08-9 [RN] 3,6-Dioxa-1-decanol 3,6-Dioxadecanol 4-01-00-02394 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein] bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether BUCB budyl digol Butadigol Butoxy diethylene glycol BUTOXYDIETHYLENE GLYCOL Butoxydiglycol BUTOXYETHOXYETHANOL Butyl Diglycolether BUTYL DIGOL Butyl di-icinol Butyl dioxitol Butyl ethyl cellosolve BUTYL OXITOL GLYCOL ETHER DB Solvent diethyl carbitol Diethylene DB diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 99%, Diethylene glycol-monobutyl ether Dowanol DB EINECS 203-961-6 Ektasolve DB Ethanol 2-butoxyethoxy Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, monobutyl ether Glycol ether DB Jeffersol DB Jsp000950 Monobutyl diethylene glycol ether NCGC00164235-01 O-Butyl diethylene glycol Poly-Solv DB UNII-9TB90IYC0E WLN: Q2O2O4

Butyl 2-propenoate; Acrylic acid n-butyl ester; n-Butyl acrylate; 2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester; Acrylic acid, butyl ester; ACRYLIC ACID TERT-BUTYL ESTER; TBA; T-BUTYL ACRYLATE; TERT-BUTYL ACRYLATE; TERTIARY-BUTYL ACRYLATE; 1-butylacrylate; acrylatedebutyle; Butylacrylate, inhibited; Butylester kyseliny akrylove; butylesterkyselinyakrylove; n-Butyl propenoate; propenoicacid,butylester; Butyl acrylate, stabilized with 20 ppm MEHQ; Propenoic acid n-butyl ester; Acryl acid butylester; #nn-Butyl acrylate; BUTYL ACRYLATE, STAB.; BUTYL ACRYLATE, 99+%; BUTYL ACRYLATE, STANDARD FOR GC; ButylAcrylateForSynthesis CAS NO:141-32-2

BUTYL ACRYLATE = BA = ACRYLIC ACID BUTYL ESTER


CAS Number: 141-32-2
EC Number: 205-480-7
MDL Number: MFCD00009446
Chemical formula: C7H12O2


Butyl acrylate is an organic compound with the formula C4H9O2CCH=CH2.
Butyl acrylate is a colorless liquid, Butyl acrylate is the butyl ester of acrylic acid.
Butyl acrylate is metabolized by carboxylesterase or reactions with glutathione; this detoxification produces acrylic acid, butanol, and mercapturic acid waste, which is excreted.
Butyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor.


Butyl acrylate is very slightly soluble in water and somewhat less dense than water.
Butyl acrylate forms surface slick on water.
Butyl acrylate's flash point is 105 °F.
Butyl acrylate's density is 7.5 lb / gal.
Butyl acrylate is an acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.


Butyl acrylate is functionally related to a butan-1-ol and an acrylic acid.
Butyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor.
Butyl acrylate is very slightly soluble in water and somewhat less dense than water.
Butyl acrylate forms surface slick on water.


Butyl acrylate is used for making paints, coatings, caulks, sealants, adhesives.
Butyl acrylate is clear, colorless liquid with a strong, fruity odor.
Butyl acrylate is colorless highly viscous liquid with a faint odor.
Butyl acrylate is a clear colorless liquid.


Butyl acrylate is a vinyl monomer.
Butyl acrylate undergoes radical copolymerization with benzoxazine containing a vinyl group to afford copolymers.
Heck coupling reactions of aryl bromides with n-butyl acrylate mediated by phosphine-imidazolium salt has been reported.
Copolymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate catalyzed by CuBr/4,4′-di(5-nonyl)-2,2′-bipyridine has been described.
Butyl acrylate (BA) is the ester of acrylic acid and n-butanol.


Butyl Acrylate is an acrylate monomer with a molecular formula of CH2=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3.
Butyl acrylate is a clear and reasonably volatile liquid which is slightly soluble in water and completely soluble in alcohols, ethers and almost all organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is a flashpoint around 40° C and has a distinct fruity, pungent odour.
Butyl acrylate is easily miscible with other organic solvents and is readily polymerized with monomer molecules to create polymer chains.

Butyl acrylate is the largest-volume acrylate ester used in the production of all-acrylic, vinyl acrylic and styrene acrylic copolymers.
Butyl acrylate offers price-value and accounts for about 60 percent of the global acrylic ester monomer demand, with a consumption volume of over 2,000 kilo tons.
Butyl acrylate holds a special place in the market for acrylate esters.
Other major acrylate esters include methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA).


Butyl acrylate is used as a “soft-monomer” to improve low temperature properties and toughness.
Butyl acrylate should be stored at temperatures below ~25°C (<80°F).
With MEHQ inhibitor, Butyl acrylate must be stored under an air atmosphere, since the presence of oxygen is required with this stabilizer.
Butyl acrylate is a versatile building block for copolymers, contributing excellent weathering and sunlight resistance, low temperature performance, hydrophobicity, and water resistance.


Butyl Acrylate is an acrylate monomer with a molecular formula of CH2=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3.
Butyl Acrylate is a clear and reasonably volatile liquid which is slightly soluble in water and completely soluble in alcohols, ethers and almost all organic solvents.
Butyl Acrylate is a flashpoint around 40° C and has a distinct fruity, pungent odour.
Butyl Acrylate is easily miscible with other organic solvents and is readily polymerized with monomer molecules to create polymer chains.


Butyl acrylate is a liquid (5 hPa at ∼ 20 °C) under normal environmental conditions.
At equilibrium in the environment, butyl acrylate will partition primarily to air (95%) with the balance to water (5%).
In air, butyl acrylate will be removed by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (28 h half-life) and ozone (6.5 days half-life).
In water, butyl acrylate is relatively stable to hydrolysis at acidic and neutral pHs (half-life ≥ 1100 days) but will slowly volatilize to air (Henry’s law constant of 21.9 Pa m–3 mol−1 at 25 °C) or be biodegraded (58–90% removal in 28 days).


Based on Butyl acrylate's relatively low octanol–water partition coefficient (log Kow of 2.38) and rapid metabolism in biological systems, butyl acrylate does not pose a significant bioaccumulation hazard.
Butyl acrylate is a colorless liquid above Butyl acrylate's freezing point of -64°C (-83°F). Its homopolymer glass transition temperature is -54°C (-65°F).
Butyl acrylate can be polymerized with each other and copolymerized with other monomers to produce polymers having the optimal properties for your application.


Clear colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor.
Butyl acrylate is readily miscible with most organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is readily polymerized and displays a wide range of properties dependent upon the selection of the monomer and reaction conditions.
Butyl Acrylate is used for copolymer-based adhesives.


Butyl Acrylate offers flexibility, weatherability, internal plasticization, adhesion, range of hardness and resistance to abrasion as well as oil or greases.
The shelf life of the Butyl Acrylate is 1 year.
Butyl Acrylate (CAS No. 141-32-2), or n-butyl acrylate, is a low Tg acrylate monomer that is produced by the esterification of acrylic acid with n-butanol.
Incorporating butyl acrylate into a polymer helps to improve tack, flexibility, impact resistance, and overall durability.


The flexibility and tack provided by butyl acrylate make Butyl acrylate an ideal monomer for producing polymers used in adhesive and sealant formulas.
Butyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor.
Very slightly soluble in water and somewhat less dense than water.
Hence forms surface slick on water.


Butyl Acrylate also known as butyl-2-propenoate is an acrylate monomer with a molecular formula of C7H12O2, CAS: 141-32-2.
Butyl acrylate is a clear and volatile liquid which is slightly soluble in water and completely soluble in alcohols, ethers and almost all organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is a flammable liquid with a flashpoint around 39°C and has a distinct fruity acrylic and pungent odour.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) is a monofunctional monomer consisting of an acrylate group with a characteristic high reactivity and a cyclic hydrophobic group.


Copolymers of Butyl Acrylate (BA) can be prepared with (met)acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, and with methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) is a very useful feedstock for chemical syntheses because Butyl acrylate readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds.


Butyl Acrylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity, strong odor.
Odor thresholds vary greatly.
Butyl acrylate is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor.
Butyl acrylate is readily miscible with most organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.


Butyl acrylate is A clear colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor.
Butyl Acrylate is a chemical that is created by esterifying acrylic acid and normal butanol.
Butyl acrylate is mainly used for creating homopolymers and copolymer (examples: Acrylic Acid, Ester, Amide, Methacrylic Acid, Acrylonitrile, Maleic Acid, Vinyl Acetate, Vinyl Chloride, Vinylidene Chloride, Styrene, Butadiene, Unsaturated polyester resin).


The created homopolymer and copolymer are then changed to base ingredients of fiber treating agent, glue, paint, synthetic resin, acrylic rubber, emulsion.
Butyl acrylate is major acrylic monomer from the acrylic esters group, which is derived from acrylic acid for providing performance properties to a wide range of polymers.
Butyl acrylate is a colourless transparent liquid.


Butyl Acrylate is a clear colorless liquid with fruity odor.
Butyl acrylate is miscible with most of the organic solvents at ambient atmospheric conditions.
On polymerization, Butyl acrylate produces wide range of homopolymers and copolymers with versatile properties depending upon the monomer(s) and reaction conditions.
Butyl Acrylate is a liquid that is clear and colorless with a sharp distinctive odor.


Butyl acrylate can be polymerized with each other and copolymerized with other monomers to produce polymers having the optimal properties for your application.
Butyl acrylate is a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor.
Butyl acrylate is readily miscible with most organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is readily polymerized and displays a wide range of properties dependent upon the selection of the monomer and reaction conditions.


Butyl acrylate is a chemical compound from the group of acrylic esters .
Butyl acrylate is an inflammatory, light-sensitive, colorless liquid with a stinging smell.
Butyl Acrylate is an acrylate monomer with a molecular formula of CH2=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3.
Butyl acrylate is a clear and reasonably volatile liquid which is slightly soluble in water and completely soluble in alcohols, ethers and almost all organic solvents.


Butyl acrylate is a reasonably flammable liquid with a flashpoint around 40° C and has a distinct fruity, pungent odour.
Butyl acrylate is easily miscible with other organic solvents and is readily polymerized with monomer molecules to create polymer chains.
Butyl acrylate forms homopolymers and copolymers.
Copolymers of butyl acrylate can be prepared with acrylic acid and its salts, amides and esters, and with methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.


Butyl acrylate is also a very useful feedstock for chemical syntheses, because Butyl acrylate readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compound.
Butyl acrylate is conventionally produced in batch reactors catalyzed by strong acidic homogeneous catalysts.
Butyl acrylate's relative density is 0. 894.
Butyl acrylate's melting Point is -64.6 °c.
Butyl acrylate's boiling Point is 146~148 degrees C; 69 degrees C (6.7kPa).


Butyl acrylate's flash point (closed cup) is 39 °c.
Butyl acrylate's refractive index is 4174.
Butyl acrylate is Soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone and other organic solvents.
Butyl acrylate is Almost insoluble in water, 20 degrees in water solubility of 0.14g/lOOmL.
Butyl acrylate is classified as an unsaturated hydrocarbon.


Butyl acrylate is a colorless, hygroscopic crystalline solid that comes as a translucent colorless liquid with a distinct fruity flavor.
Butyl acrylate comes with solubility in organic solvents but has reduced water solubility and has a lower density than water.
Butyl acrylate polymerizes easily and shows a diverse variety of properties based on the reaction conditions and monomer used.
Butyl Acrylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity odor. It is used in the production of homopolymers and co-polymers.
Butyl Acrylate provides water resistance, low temperature flexibility, and weather and sunlight resistance when used in latex paint applications.


Butyl acrylate is a clear, colorless liquid wih a pungent odor. Butyl acrylate forms homopolymers and copolymers.
Copolymers of butyl acrylate can be prepared with acrylic acid and its sald, amides, and esters.
Butyl Acrylate molecule contains a total of 20 bond(s) There are 8 non-H bond(s), 2 multiple bond(s), 5 rotatable bond(s), 2 double bond(s) and 1 ester(s) (aliphatic).
Butyl acrylate is a clear colorless liquid.
Butyl Acrylate is a vinyl monomer.


Butyl Acrylate undergoes radical copolymerization with benzoxazine containing a vinyl group to afford copolymers.
Heck coupling reactions of aryl bromides with n-butyl acrylate mediated by phosphine-imidazolium salt has been reported.
Copolymerization of styrene and Butyl Acrylate by ATRP catalyzed by CuBr/4,4'-di(5-nonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine has been described.
Butyl acrylate is a kind of colorless transparent liquid, insoluble in water, can be mixed in ethanol and ether.
Butyl acrylate is a kind of colorless transparent liquid, insoluble in water, can be mixed in ethanol and ether.


With the increase of temperature and the extension of storage time, the tendency of self-aggregation is intensified.
Due to the features of Butyl Acrylate, the butyl acrylate applications are wide.
Butyl acrylate is a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor.
Butyl Acrylate is readily miscible with most organic solvents.
Butyl Acrylate is readily polymerized and displays a wide range of properties dependent upon the selection of the monomer and reaction conditions.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Butyl acrylate is used commercially on a large scale as a precursor to polybutylacrylate, which is used in paints, sealants, coatings, adhesives, fuel, textiles, plastics, and caulk.
Butyl acrylate is used for making paints, coatings, caulks, sealants, adhesives.
Butyl acrylate is used to prepare Poly(butyl acrylate) particles.
Butyl acrylate is used to prepare Poly(butyl acrylate-b-acrylic acid) block copolymer.


Butyl acrylate is used to prepare Amphiphilic charged diblock copolymers poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(acrylic acid).
Butyl acrylate is used to prepare Poly(n-butyl acrylate), via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl acrylate in the presence of CuIBr/4,4′-di(5-nonyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (catalyst).
Butyl acrylate is used as a raw material for fiber processing agents, adhesives, coatings, plastics, acrylic rubber, and emulsions.
Butyl acrylate has very low-level impurities and may be used as a raw material for a wide variety of chemicals.


Butyl acrylate is used as a raw material for fiber processing agents, adhesives, coatings, plastics, acrylic rubber, and emulsions.
The major markets for Butyl acrylate are in paint & coatings, such as architectural and automotive coatings, followed by adhesives and sealants market.
Application areas include inks, textile, paper and leather finishes, and caulks.
A significant and growing segment for Butyl acrylate is in thermoplastic ethylene acrylate copolymers (EAC), at BA levels up to 35 % in copolymers.


Butyl acrylate copolymers are used as a impact modifier and processing aid in thermoplastics improving properties such as toughness, flexibility, molding characteristics and part appearances.
End use applications include packaging, multilayer films and adhesives.
With a low homopolymer glass transition temperature of -45°C, Butyl acrylate is used in copolymers to improve flexibility, softness, and low temperature properties.
Butyl acrylate exhibits superior photostability and is a preferred monomer where weatherability and sunlight resistance are required.


Butyl acrylate is the major base acrylic ester monomer used in the manufacture of copolymers for paint & coatings, adhesives & sealants, printing inks, thermoplastic ethylene-acrylate copolymers, and a myriad of other application areas.
Butyl Acrylate is used in the production of coatings and inks, adhesives, sealants, textiles, plastics and elastomers. Coating applications include: architectural latex coatings, water-based dispersions, and automotive original equipment manufacture, and refinish materials.
Pressure sensitive adhesives contain Butyl Acrylate.


Adhesive applications are found in the textile and construction industries.
Textile industry products that contain Butyl Acrylate are fibers, warp
sizings, thickener, and back coat formulations (adhesives).
In the plastics industry, Butyl Acrylate is found in some PVC modifiers and molding or extrusion additives.
Butyl Acrylate is used in the manufacture of viscosity modifiers, thickeners and dispersants.


Used in Paints and Coatings, Adhesives, Caulks and Sealants, Plastic Additives, Fibers
Butyl acrylate is primarily used in the production of homopolymers and co-polymers for use in water based industrial and architectural paints.
Butyl acrylate can also be used in cleaning products, antioxidant agents, enamels, adhesives, textiles, caulks and paper finishes.
The double bond reactivity also allows for Butyl acrylate to be used as a chemical intermediary.
The primary end user markets of Butyl acrylate would be the water, plastics, leathers, paints, adhesives and textiles industries.


Used as intermediate Monomer in polymers
Used in Formulations in laboratories
Formulation of coatings with a polymer which contains Butyl acrylate as a monomer
Formulation of pre-polymer mixtures
Butyl acrylate is used as intermediates


Butyl acrylate is used in Polymerisation at production sites
Butyl acrylate is used in Polymerisation at downstream user sites
Butyl acrylate is used in ink and ink components
Butyl acrylate is used in Indoor/oudoor application of adhesives
Butyl acrylate is used as Industrial Intermediate, Paint and Coatings, Paper Chemical, Raw material for chemical processes, Raw material for industry


Butyl acrylate is used in polymer manufacturing, textile and leather finishing, and formulating paints and adhesives
Butyl acrylate is used in Leather Tanning and Processing, Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides), Plastic Composites Manufacturing, Silk-Screen Printing, Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)
Butyl acrylate is used in Chemical for Synthesis, Fiber treatment, Adhesives, Synthetic resins, Acrylic rubbers
Butyl Acrylate is used in the manufacture of polymers and resins, and in paint formulations.


Butyl Acrylate (BA) is also used in adhesive and as a polymeric plasticizer for harder resins.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) can be used to balance as such key properties as the hardness and softness, tackiness, low-temperature flexibility, strength and durability, and a lot of the others.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) is used in the production of organic glass and as a comonomer in the synthesis of acrylic dispersions used in adhesives, binders, impregnating compositions in the leather, printing, paint, varnish, pulp and paper, and other industries.


Butyl Acrylate is applied in the production of: Acrylic & Water-borne dispersions, Water-borne industrial & architectural paints, Industrial & Architectural coatings, Varnishes, Textiles, Pulp & Paper, Paper & Leather coatings, Wood & Metal coatings, Adhesives, Inks, caulks & sealants.
Butyl Acrylate (BA) is an ester of Acrylic acid and is used as a raw material component in the synthesis of polymers.
Butyl acrylate is primarily used in the production of homo and co-polymers emulsion for use in water based architectural and industrial paints.
Polymers with butyl acrylate can also be used in manufacturing cleaning products, leathers industries, antioxidant agents, plastics, enamels, inks, adhesives, sealants, textiles, caulks and paper finishes.


The acrylate functionality allows Butyl acrylate to be used as a chemical intermediary.
Butyl acrylate is used in Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances.
Butyl acrylate is used for making paints, coatings, caulks, sealants, adhesives.
Butyl acrylate (CAS No.: 141-32-2) Mainly used in synthetic resin, synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, plastics, coatings, adhesives, etc.
Butyl acrylate is used in Acrylic Resins, Structural adhesives, Pressure Sensitive Adhesives, Packaging Adhesives, Latex Paints ,Caulks & Sealants, Acrylic rubber, Concrete Coatings, Elastomeric Coatings


Butyl acrylate is used in Adhesives, Aerospace, Architectural, Automotive, Ceramics, Corrugated Boxes, Glues, Industrial Machinery and Appliances, Medical Devices, Packaging, Paper & Consumables, Sealants, Tapes Textiles, Wood Glues, Building & Construction, Concrete Coatings
Butyl acrylate is used in Coatings, Aerosol Coatings, Aerospace Coatings, Appliances & Machinery Coatings, Architectural Coatings, Automotive OEM Coatings, Automotive Refinish.
Butyl acrylate is used in Basecoats, Brick Coatings, Can Coatings, Ceramic Coatings, Coil Coatings, Conformal Coatings, Consumer Paints, Elastomeric Coatings, Electrodeposited Coatings, Electronics Coatings, Floor Coatings, Furniture Coatings, Heat Seal Coatings, Industrial Coatings, Marine Coatings, Metal Coatings.


Used in Nail Polish, Overprint Varnishes, Paint Thinner, Paper Coatings, Pipe Coatings, Plastic Coatings, Primers, Release Coatings, Roof Coatings, Special Purpose Coatings, Stone and Tile Coatings, Textile & Leather Coatings, Topcoats, Traffic Paint, Inks.
Butyl acrylate is used in Automotive Inks, Commercial & Publication, Digital Inks, Flexible Films, Glass & Ceramics, Graphic Arts Coatings, Narrow Web, Plastics, Printed Electronics, Tag & Label.
Butyl acrylate is often used in chemical manufacturing and polymerized with high Tg monomers like methyl methacrylate, Styrene, and Vinyl Acetate in order to balance the properties of the final polymer.


Butyl acrylate is a low Tg ester of acrylic acid that is used as a monomer to produce flexible acrylic polymers and copolymers used in adhesives, caulks, and sealants.
Butyl acrylate is used in Adhesives Building & Construction, Coatings, Elastomers, Inks, Metal Processing & Fabrication, Plastics
Butyl esters are utilized in various industries including paints & coatings, adhesives & sealants, textiles, plastic additives, and paper treatment.
Butyl acrylate is used for making paints, coatings, caulks, sealants, adhesives.


Mainly used for fiber, rubber, plastic, coatings, adhesives, Textile Auxiliaries, can also be used as leather and paper processing agent.
Butyl acrylate is used as Intermediate in organic synthesis, polymers and copolymers for solvent coatings, adhesives, paints, binders, emulsifiers.
Butyl acrylate is primarily used as a reactive building block to produce coatings and inks,adhesives, sealants, textiles, plastics and elastomers.


Butyl acrylate is used to make polymersthat are used as resins for textile and leatherfinishes, and in paints.
Butyl acrylate is used in the manufacture of various acrylics and adhesives, in coatings for leather, in textile production
Butyl acrylate is a chemical used for textile and leather finishes, in paint formulations, adhesives, binders and emulsifier.
Butyl acrylate is used in paints, coatings, sealants, adhesives, textiles, fuel, plastics, and caulk.
Butyl acrylate is a Monomer for the manufacture of polymers and resins for textile and leather finishes & paintermediate formulations.


Butyl acrylate is used in paints, sealants, coatings, adhesives, fuels, textiles, plastics and sealants.
Butyl acrylate is used to manufacture homopolymers and copolymers.
Copolymers of butyl acrylate can be produced with acrylic acid and its salts, amides and esters, and with methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.
Butyl acrylate can also be used as raw material for chemical synthesis, as Butyl acrylate undergoes addition reactions with variety of organic and inorganic compounds.


Butyl acrylate is used in manufacturing paints and adhesives, manufacturing leather, in cosmetics and personal care products, in manufacturing paper, in detergents and cleaners, in manufacturing plastics.
Butyl Acrylate is the major base acrylic ester monomer used in the manufacture of copolymers for paint & coatings, adhesives & sealants, printing inks, thermoplastic ethylene-acrylate copolymers, and a myriad of other application areas.
Butyl Acrylate is a versatile building block for copolymers, contributing excellent weathering and sunlight resistance, low temperature performance, hydrophobicity, and water resistance.


Butyl acrylate is used in Paints, Sealants, Coatings, Adhesives, Fuel, Textiles, Plastics, Caulk.
Butyl Acrylate is used as soft-monomer to improve low temperature properties and toughness.
Application areas include paint & coatings, such as architectural and automotive coatings, adhesives, sealants, inks, textile, paper, leather finishes, caulks, etc.
Butyl Acrylate are used to make soft monomers of acrylate solvent and emulsion adhesives, which can be homopolymer, copolymerization and graft copolymerization, as well as high polymer monomers, used as intermediates in organic synthesis.


Butyl acrylate is used to prepare: Poly(butyl acrylate) particles, Poly(butyl acrylate-b-acrylic acid) block copolymer, Amphiphilic charged diblock copolymers poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(acrylic acid), Poly(n-butyl acrylate), via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl acrylate in the presence of CuIBr/4,4'-di(5-nonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (catalyst).
Butyl Acrylate Is a useful feedstock for chemical syntheses.
Butyl acrylate is used in the production of homopolymers and co-polymers such as acrylic acid and its salts, esters, amides, methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleates, vinyl acetate, vinylchlor ide, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene and unsaturated polyesters.


Butyl Acrylate is used to create co-polymers and homopolymers.
These co-polymers and homopolymers are used in the production of adhesives, plastics and adhesives.
Butyl acrylate is used in the production of homopolymers and co-polymers such as acrylic acid and its salts, esters, amides, methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleates, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene and unsaturated polyesters.
When Butyl Acrylate is used in latex paint formulations acrylic polymers have good water resistance, low temperature flexibility and excellent weathering and sunlight resistance.


-Butyl acrylate is used in the following applications:
*Adhesives – for use in construction and pressure-sensitive adhesives
*Chemical intermediates – for a variety of chemical products
*Coatings – for textiles and adhesives, and for surface and water-based coatings, and coatings used for paints, leather finishing and paper
*Leather – to produce different finishes, particularly nubuck and suede
*Plastics – for the manufacture of a variety of plastics
*Textiles – in the manufacture of both woven and non-woven textiles



STORAGE & HANDLING OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
In order to prevent polymerization, butyl acrylate must always be stored under air, and never under inert gases.
The presence of oxygen is required for the stabilizer to function effectively.
It has to contain a stabilizer, and the storage temperature must not exceed 35 °C.
Under these conditions, a storage stability of one year can be expected.
In order to minimize the likelihood of over storage, the storage procedure should strictly follow the “first-in-first-out” principle.

For extended storage periods over 4 weeks, it is advisable to replenish the dissolved oxygen content.
Stainless steel or aluminum should be used for tanks and pipes.
Although Butyl acrylate does not corrode carbon steel, there is a risk of contamination if corrosion does occur.
Regulations for the storage of flammable liquids must be observed (explosion-proof electrical equipment, vented tanks with flame arresters, etc.).
Storage tanks, pumps, and pipes must be earthed.



HOW IS BUTYL ACRYLATE PRODUCED?
Butyl acrylate can be manufactured by reacting n-butanol with acrylic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst in an elevated temperature zone to produce butyl acrylate, water and other by-products.
The product mixture is then purified in a distillation zone to create a higher purity of butyl acrylate.
The typical yield of this process ranges between 94-97%.



HOW IS BUTYL ACRYLATE STORED AND DISTRIBUTED?
A chemical stockist would have a bulk petrochemical storage facility to maintain the product.
Storage is normally in a cool, dry and well ventilated facility away from oxidising agents.
Butyl acrylate should be kept out of direct sunlight, heat and open flames.
Solvents such as butyl acrylate should be stored in drummed containers such as isotanks made of stainless steel, aluminium or carbon steel.
A bulk solvent exporter would normally distribute Butyl acrylate in bulk vessels or tank trucks.
For transportation purposes, Butyl acrylate is classed as a flammable liquid with a fire hazard rating of 2.
A full bulk chemical distributor would export the solvent throughout regions such as the UK, Europe, Africa and America.
Butyl acrylate is a packing group 3.



BUTYL ACRYLATE FROM ACRYLIC ACID AND BUTANOL:
Butyl acrylate, the butyl ester of acrylic acid, is among the most industrially important acrylates (along with methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate).
The major use of butyl acrylate is in the production of acrylic polymers, and for making copolymers with polyethylene.
Butyl acrylate is also used in the formulation of paints, sealants, cleaning products and adhesives, as well as in amphoteric surfactants, aqueous resins, antioxidant agents, elastomers and dispersions for textiles and papers.

Butyl acrylate can be produced from several reactions involving acetylene, 1-butyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, nickel carbonyl, and hydrochloric acid among other chemicals.
On an industrial scale, butyl acrylate is produced from ester-grade acrylic acid and butanol, typically in plants that are integrated with acrylic acid facilities.
The present analysis discusses an industrial process for butyl acrylate production.
The process comprises two major sections: esterification; and purification.

-Esterification:
Acrylic acid, a small excess of butanol and p-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst are fed to the reaction system.
The esterification reactor is connected to a distillation system for continuous removal of water from the reactor medium.
This improves the reaction kinetics and shifts the reaction toward ester formation.
Organic compounds recovered in the bottoms are recycled to the esterification reactor, while water is used as a solvent for catalyst extraction.

-Purification:
Recovered water is fed to a catalyst extraction column to separate catalyst from previously cooled reaction product withdrawn from the second reactor.
The catalyst stream is recycled to the esterification reactor.
The crude product is fed to a wash column, where residues of acrylic acid and catalyst are neutralized with a caustic solution and separated from the crude product as the column bottom stream.

The top stream is distilled to recover butanol, which is sent to the dehydration distillation column upstream.
In the last purification step, a column separates residual organic heavy wastes from the crude butyl acrylate stream, yielding high-purity butyl acrylate as column overhead.
The organic heavy material is directed to the decomposer reactor, where extra butyl acrylate is recovered by the catalytic reaction of heavy byproducts.

-Production pathways:
Butyl acrylate is primarily made from acrylic acid and butanol, in a variety of manufacturing routes that differ according to the sources of raw materials.
In this context, typical butyl acrylate production routes are based on acrylic acid manufacturing, mostly via propylene oxidation, and, to a lesser extent, oxidative carbonylation of ethylene.



BENEFITS OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Mechanical strength, flexibility, durability, elasticity, low volatility, low odor
-Weather resistance, moisture resistance, UV resistance
-Crosslinking sites, can be copolymerized with other acrylates
-Low Tg (-45°C)
-Useful for feed stock synthesis Readily undergoes addition reactions.
-Hydrophobicity
-Adhesion
-Water resistance
-Low-temperature performance
-Strength & durability
-Flexibility
-Viscosity
-Weatherability



PHOTODEGRADATION OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Butyl Acrylate is indirectly photodegraded by reaction with hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere with an estimated half-life of approximately 1.2 days (calculated).
The degradation reaction occurs via hydrogen abstraction and addition to olefinic bonds leading to a breakdown of the molecule into
fragments which are further degradaded and at least will result in H20 and CO2.
No specific data on possible breakdown products of Butyl Acrylate are available.



STABILITY IN WATER:
The hydrolysis rate of Butyl Acrylate is extremely slow.
The hydrolysis at pH 3 and pH 7 was less than 2% after 28 days (measured) and the hydrolysis half-life was calculated to be 2800 days at pH 3 and 1100 days at pH 7, respectively.
The hydrolysis half-life at pH 11 was 243 minutes.



TRANSPORT BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS:
Distribution modeling using Mackay Level I indicates that Butyl Acrylate is likely to partition to the air compartment (94%) with smaller amounts partitioning into water (5.73%) and negligible amounts remaining in other environmental compartments (soil, sediment).
Comparable results were achieved with a Level III fugacity model, using realistic percentages of releases.
According to the US-EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) report 1999, releases of Butyl Acrylate were 96.3 % into air 3.4 % into water and 0.27 % into soil.
Also, as predicted in Level I fugacity modeling, the Level III fugacity model results indicate that the main distribution will be to the air compartment (89.4%), and smaller amounts will distribute into water (8.24 %), soil (2.39 %) and sediment (0.00963 %).
It should be noted that at the time modeling was performed, only 1999 TRI values were available, thus they were used in the Level III model instead of 2000 TRI values.



BIODEGRADATION OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
In a biodegradation assay, Butyl Acrylate was readily biodegradable: 100 mg test substance/l; sludge concentration: 30 mg/l; 61% biodegradation after 14 days expressed as BOD.
In a Closed Bottle Test (OECD-Guideline 301D) with secondary effluent of a domestic waste water treatment plant a biodegradation of 57.8 % within 28 days was achieved.



BIOACCUMULATION OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
No experimental data on bioaccumulation is available.
However, based on the log Pow of 2.38 and the calculated BCF of 13.1, only a low bioaccumulation potential is expected.



COPOLYMER DESIGN OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Combinations of butyl acrylate with other polymerizable monomers such as methyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, and other acrylate ester monomers allow the design of thousands of copolymer compositions.
Butyl acrylate copolymer formulations often contain four or more different co-monomers.
In this manner, the performance profiles of copolymers can be tailored to meet a broad range of end-use requirements.
As a cost-effective, low Tg “soft” monomer, Butyl acrylate is the co-monomer of choice to balance the hardness and softness, tackiness and block resistance, low temperature flexibility, strength and durability, and other key properties to facilitate end-use goals in the marketplace.

For polymers, the Tg is one of the most important parameters in controlling performance.
The Tg is the temperature at which the polymer transitions from a hard and glassy state to an elastomeric, soft and viscous state, when increasing the temperature.
This transition is reversible, in that the material will return to its hard and glassy state when cooled below the Tg.
So the location of the Tg influences many attributes, including surface properties, flexibility, hardness, strength, and the minimum film-forming temperatures.

The minimum film-forming temperature of an acrylic latex is the lowest temperature at which the emulsion system uniformly coalesces to form a continuous film.
But even with a fixed Tg, copolymers with different monomer combinations vary significantly in the properties of the final system.
Butyl acrylate is the principle acrylic ester monomer polymerized with methyl methacrylate, styrene, and vinyl acetate monomer to obtain the requisite degrees of hardness, flexibility and toughness in a copolymer system.
MMA (Tg 105°C) and styrene (Tg 100°C) increase hardness and cohesive strength and reduce tack.

In the copolymer composition, BA (Tg -45°C) increases flexibility, toughness, elongation, tack, and low-temperature properties.
Increasing the Butyl acrylate content will also reduce the minimum film forming temperature to below room temperature.
The copolymerizations are easily carried out using free radical polymerization techniques in an emulsion, solution or suspension process.
Low amounts of functional comonomers, such as acrylic, methacrylic or itaconic acids and hydroxyethyl acrylate/methacrylate are incorporated in the final composition to increase adhesion, facilitate crosslinking and in the case of emulsion systems, increase the latex stability.
Self-crosslinking chemistry based on diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), known as keto-hydrazide crosslinking, represents the most advanced technology for controlled crosslinking of acrylic latex polymers.
Butyl acrylate begins with copolymerizing low levels of DAAM into a copolymer followed by crosslinking through the pendant ketone moieties with ADH.



PAINT AND COATINGS OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
For weather resistance compositions, copolymers of Butyl acrylate and MMA are the preferred combination.
High quality and durable acrylic emulsions have revolutionized the paint industry.
Acrylics now account for over 25 percent of the global paint and coatings market, with ongoing displacement of solvent-borne acrylics and alkyds.
Paint and coatings based on VAM copolymers, including vinyl acrylic copolymers (e.g. VAM/BA) have the advantage of being lower in cost, but they suffer from reduced weatherability and have low UV resistance, as well as higher water absorption and hydrolysis of the vinyl ester moieties.

Polymeric binders based on styrene monomer and butyl acrylate exhibit lower water absorption, higher resistance to hydrolysis, and good wet scrub resistance.
Styrene as a raw material also reduces the monomer costs of associated copolymers.
But because styrene has poor UV resistance, all acrylic systems based on MMA and Butyl acrylate are preferred for outdoor use, particularly paints and coatings that have a low pigment content, such as varnishes, wood stains and high gloss paints.
In paint and coatings with high pigment volume concentrations (PVCs) of 35-55 percent, styrene-butyl acrylate based binders can be used outdoors, for example, in masonry coatings where moisture protection and resistance to water penetration is critical.



ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS:
The adhesive properties of acrylic copolymers can be widely varied and are defined by both the adhesive strength and cohesive strength.
For pressure-sensitive adhesives, tack is the other dominant property, most associated with low copolymer Tgs.
Variations in Butyl acrylate comonomer composition can change both the surface (adhesive) and bulk (cohesive properties).
The “hard,” higher-Tg polymer units, like MMA and styrene, show the highest cohesive strength characteristics.
The “soft,”, lower-Tg monomers like BA and 2-EHA contribute to the adhesive properties.
In addition, incorporation of polar monomers like acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate - at low levels - increases wetting of the substrate and interfacial bonding.
Low levels of crosslinking improve the cohesive strength. A balance of all of these and other parameters, such as rheological properties, polarity, and hydrophobicity must be achieved to meet the specific performance required in the adhesive.



THERMOPLASTIC ETHYLENE ACRYLATE COPOLYMERS:
Thermoplastic polymers of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA) are thermoplastic resins that can be easily processed on conventional blown-and-cast film and sheet-forming equipment.
They are produced in high-pressure autoclaves and tubular reactors via free-radical polymerization chemistries.
Highly compatible with PET, polyolefins, and polyamides, Butyl acrylate copolymers are used as impact modifiers to improve low-temperature toughness of polymer blends.
Butyl acrylate resins exhibit good adhesion to various polar and non-polar substrates.
Typical applications include extrusion coating and lamination, coextruded films for packaging, masterbatch compounds and hot melt adhesives.
These thermoplastic resin applications have pushed the CAGR above 4 percent for Butyl acrylate copolymers.



PRODUCTION OF BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Butyl acrylate can be produced by the acid-catalyzed esterification acrylic acid with butanol.
Since Butyl acrylate polymerizes easily, commercial preparations may contain a polymerization inhibitor such as hydroquinone, phenothiazine, or hydroquinone ethyl ether.
Butyl acrylate is produced by reacting butanol with acrylic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce butyl acrylate, water and other by-products.
Butyl acrylate mixture is purified by distillation.

Butyl acrylate can be manufactured via a reaction of acetylene, n-butyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, nickel carbonyl, and hydrochloric acid.
Butyl acrylate is commonly manufactured via an oxidation of propylene to acrolein and then to acrylic acid.
The acid is reacted with Butyl acrylate to yield the butyl ester .
Butyl acrylate is usually produced by a simple reaction between acrylic acid and n-butanol in the presence of an acid catalyst in a high temperature zone to with water as a by-product.

The esterification of acrylic acid and n-butanol by methyl acrylate method is carried out under the catalysis of sulfuric acid, followed by neutralization, water washing, alcohol removal and distillation to obtain the finished butyl acrylate.
Acrylic acid is obtained by oxidation of propylene or hydrolysis of acrylonitrile (see Methyl Acrylate Production method).
acrylonitrile hydrolysis method acrylonitrile is heated to 90 ° C.
Together with sulfuric acid to hydrolyze acrylonitrile to a sulfate of acrylamide, and the sulfate is further esterified to form an acrylic acid ester.

In recent years, there are patent reports that the yield of
Ester can reach 95% by using acrylonitrile as raw material and one-step production.
β-propiolactone method using acetic acid as raw material and triethyl phosphate as catalyst, ketene was synthesized by pyrolysis at 625~730 ℃, the gas phase reaction with anhydrous formaldehyde is then carried out in the presence of AICl3 or BF3 catalysts to form beta propiolactone.
Beta propiolactone directly with butanol and sulfuric acid instead of butyl acrylate.

Butyl acrylate should be purified to remove inhibitors prior to use:
1. Dry carefully the reaction vessel and purge it with dry argon or nitrogen.
2. Place butyl acrylate (1 ml, 7.0 mmol) in the reaction vessel together with anhydrous diethylene glycol (1 ml).
3. Add AIBN (0.010 g, 0.060 mmol) and shake the vessel firmly for a few seconds.
4. Purge the solution with dry argon or nitrogen and seal the vessel with an appropriate rubber septum.
5. Carry out the freeze-thaw-degassing procedure in the same time vacuum and purge the vessel with dry argon or nitrogen to ensure all oxygen is removed from the system.
6. Place the vessel in the cavity of the single-mode microwave reactor and heat the solution up to 65 °C for 10 min.
7. Remove the vessel from the reactor and allow to cool to room temperature.
8. Precipitate the resultant polymer into an ethanol solution (30 ml) and filter it through a filter paper.
9. Transfer the solid obtained to a large watch glass and dry it at air.
Once a consistent weight is achieved, record the crude yield.
Yields > 60% are typical.
10. Analyse the product using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to determine Mn and Mw. (Mn = 1.3105, Mw = 2.1104)



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
Molar mass: 128.171 g·mol−1
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Strong, fruity
Density: 0.89 g/mL (20°C)
Melting point: −64 °C; −83 °F; 209 K
Boiling point: 145 °C; 293 °F; 418 K
Solubility in water: 0.1% (20°C)
Solubility: ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, carbon tetrachloride (slight)
Vapor pressure: 4 mmHg (20°C)


Molecular Weight: 128.17
XLogP3: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 128.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 128.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9


Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 97.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes


vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
vapor pressure: 3.3 mmHg ( 20 °C)
assay: ≥99%
form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 559 °F
contains: 10-60 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor
expl. lim.: 9.9 %
refractive index: n20/D 1.418 (lit.)
bp: 145 °C (lit.)
Molar Mass: 128.17
Density: 0.894 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)


Melting Point: -69 °C
Boling Point: 61-63°C60mm Hg(lit.)
Flash Point: 63°F
Water Solubility: 1.4 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: 1.7g/l
Vapor Presure: 3.3 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Clear Colorless
Odor: Fruity
Exposure Limit: TLV-TWA 10 ppm (～55 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Merck: 14,1539
BRN: 1749970



FIRST AID MEASURES of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
-After eye contact: rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BUTYL ACRYLATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).



SYNONYMS:
Butyl prop-2-enoate
n-Butyl acrylate
Butyl ester of acylic acid
Butyl-2-propenoateBUTYL ACRYLATE
n-Butyl acrylate
141-32-2
butyl prop-2-enoate
2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester
Acrylic acid butyl ester
n-Butyl propenoate
Butyl 2-propenoate
butylacrylate
Acrylic acid, butyl ester
Acrylic acid n-butyl ester
2-propenoic acid butyl ester
Butylester kyseliny akrylove
Poly(butyl acrylate)
Butyl acrylate homopolymer
Acrylic acid, n-butyl ester
CHEBI:3245
9003-49-0
705NM8U35V
NSC-5163
DSSTox_CID_4676
DSSTox_RID_77496
DSSTox_GSID_24676
n-butylacrylate
CAS-141-32-2
Butyl acrylate, n-
CCRIS 3401
HSDB 305
NSC 5163
EINECS 205-480-7
UN2348
BRN 1749970
UNII-705NM8U35V
AI3-15739
n-butyl-acrylate
Acrylic acid butyl
normal butyl acrylate
Butylacrylate, inhibited
Acrylic acid-butyl ester
Polymerized butyl acrylate
Butyl acrylates, inhibited
EC 205-480-7
SCHEMBL15037
n-Butyl acrylate, AR,99%
n-Butyl acrylate, CP,98%
4-02-00-01463
BIDD:ER0366
BUTYL ACRYLATE
WLN: 4OV1U1
N-BUTYL ACRYLATE
2-propenoic acid n-butyl ester
CHEMBL1546388
DTXSID6024676
N-BUTYL ACRYLATE
NSC5163
Butyl acrylate, analytical standard
ZINC1532055
Tox21_201387
Tox21_303296
MFCD00009446
STL280321
Butyl Acrylate, stabilized with MEHQ
AKOS000120041
Acrylic acid, butyl ester, homopolymer
Butyl Acrylate (stabilized with MEHQ)
UN 2348
NCGC00091107-01
NCGC00091107-02
NCGC00256946-01
NCGC00258938-01
BP-20380
LS-13309
Butyl acrylate, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester, homopolymer
A0142
FT-0621881
Butyl acrylate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
A807751
A845377
Q343005
J-007481
J-519959
Acrylic acid-butyl ester 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Z1258578290
Butyl acrylates, inhibited
Butyl acrylate, >=99%, contains 10-60 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor
141-32-2
205-480-7
2-Propenoic acid butyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester
4-02-00-01463
4-02-00-01463
705NM8U35V
acrylic acid butyl ester
Acrylic acid butyl ester
Acrylic acid n-butyl ester
Acrylic acid, butyl ester
Acrylic acid, n-butyl ester
Butyl 2-propenoate
butyl acrylate
butyl prop-2-enoate
butyl-2-propenoate
n-butyl acrylate
n-butyl propenoate
UD3150000
UNII-705NM8U35V
4OV1U1
Acrylic acid n -butyl ester
Acrylic acid-butyl ester
Butyl acrylate
Butyl prop-2-enoate
Butyl propenoate
butylacrylate
prop-2-enoic acid butyl ester
UN 2348
UNII:705NM8U35V
WLN: 4OV1U1
Butyl Acrylate
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl Acrylate
BUTYL-2-ACRYLATE
Butyl 2-Propenoate
butyl prop-2-enoate
Acrylsure-n-butylester
2-methylidenehexanoate
Propenoic acid n-butyl ester
2-Propenoic acid butyl ester
BUTYL ACRYLATE (STABILISED WITH HYDROQUI
N-BUTYL ACRYLATE , STABILIZED WITH 50PPM 4-METHOXYPHENOL

n-Butyl benzoate; Benzoic acid, butyl ester; Benzoic Acid Butyl Ester; Anthrapole AZ; Dai Cari XBN; Benzoic acid n-butyl ester; Butylester kyseliny benzoove; Butylbenzoate; 4-butyl benzoate; benzoic acid n_butyl ester CAS NO:136-60-7

Butyl carbitol acetate, also known as Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate, is a versatile chemical compound widely used as a solvent.
With a molecular formula of C10H20O4, Butyl carbitol acetate falls into the glycol ether and acetate ester categories.
Butyl carbitol acetate is a clear liquid with a mild, characteristic odor, making it suitable for various industrial applications.

CAS Number: 112-07-2
EC Number: 203-961-6



APPLICATIONS


Butyl carbitol acetate finds extensive use in the coatings and paints industry, where it acts as a solvent for resins, pigments, and additives.
In the printing industry, Butyl carbitol acetate is a key ingredient in flexographic and gravure printing inks, contributing to ink stability and print quality.
Adhesive manufacturers incorporate Butyl carbitol acetate to dissolve adhesive components, adjust viscosity, and improve adhesive properties.
Butyl carbitol acetate is utilized in the formulation of varnish removers and paint strippers, effectively breaking down coatings for removal.

Butyl carbitol acetate is an essential solvent in household cleaning products, where it helps dissolve greases, oils, and other contaminants.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of industrial cleaners and degreasers, enhancing the effectiveness of these cleaning formulations.
Butyl carbitol acetate serves as a solvent in chemical manufacturing processes, aiding in the dissolution of various chemical compounds.

In the cosmetics industry, it can be found in nail polish removers due to its ability to dissolve nail polish effectively.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of industrial paints, contributing to improved application properties and drying times.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the manufacture of automotive coatings, contributing to the durability, gloss, and evenness of the paint finish.
In the textile industry, Butyl carbitol acetate can be used as a solvent for dyes and printing pastes, aiding in fabric coloration.

Its solvent properties make it valuable in the production of wood finishes, varnishes, and lacquers, enhancing the application process.
Butyl carbitol acetate serves as an essential ingredient in the formulation of industrial adhesives, contributing to adhesive bonding and curing properties.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of industrial inks, helping to disperse pigments and ensuring consistent print quality.

Butyl carbitol acetate finds applications in the formulation of specialty coatings, such as those used for industrial equipment, machinery, and appliances.
Butyl carbitol acetate can be employed in the production of aerosol sprays, contributing to the uniform distribution of active ingredients.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of paint additives, enhancing flow, leveling, and anti-settling properties.
In the construction industry, Butyl carbitol acetate can be found in architectural coatings, contributing to the appearance and durability of surfaces.

Butyl carbitol acetate serves as a solvent in the production of ceramic glazes, contributing to the uniform application and adhesion of glaze materials.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of industrial detergents and degreasers, ensuring effective cleaning of surfaces.
Butyl carbitol acetate can be used in the production of electronic and electrical coatings, contributing to insulation and protection properties.

Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the formulation of maintenance coatings used to protect structures, equipment, and machinery from corrosion.
Butyl carbitol acetate finds use in the formulation of specialty inks, such as those used in packaging and labeling applications.
Butyl carbitol acetate can be used in the formulation of wood preservatives, enhancing the penetration and protection of wood surfaces.
Butyl carbitol acetate is a versatile solvent used in a wide range of industries, contributing to the development of effective formulations in paints, inks, adhesives, and various cleaning products.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of industrial coatings for metal surfaces, enhancing corrosion resistance and appearance.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of aerosol paints, contributing to the even distribution of pigments and ensuring consistent spray patterns.
In the automotive industry, the compound can be found in automotive clear coats, providing gloss and protection to the paintwork.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of screen printing inks, which are applied to various substrates for graphical applications.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of wood stains, allowing for even color distribution and penetration into wood fibers.
Butyl carbitol acetate is utilized in the production of industrial markers and paints used for marking construction sites, roadways, and utilities.
In the packaging industry, Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of inks for flexible packaging materials.

Butyl carbitol acetate can be found in the formulation of industrial floor coatings, contributing to the durability and chemical resistance of the finished surface.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of rust preventatives and corrosion inhibitors, extending the lifespan of metal surfaces.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the formulation of sealants and caulks, enhancing their application properties and adhesion to substrates.
Butyl carbitol acetate finds use in the production of coatings for electronic components, providing insulation and protection.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of specialty coatings for glass, contributing to improved scratch resistance and appearance.
In the aerospace industry, the compound is used in the formulation of coatings for aircraft exteriors, contributing to aerodynamics and protection.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of marine coatings, helping to prevent corrosion and fouling on ship surfaces.
Butyl carbitol acetate finds application in the formulation of protective coatings for concrete surfaces, enhancing durability and appearance.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of anti-graffiti coatings, which facilitate the removal of graffiti without damaging the underlying surface.
In the textile printing industry, Butyl carbitol acetate can be found in printing inks used for fabric decoration and customization.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the formulation of coatings for plastics, contributing to adhesion and surface finish.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of architectural coatings, contributing to the aesthetics and protection of buildings.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the formulation of coatings for medical devices, ensuring biocompatibility and durability.
In the manufacturing of furniture finishes, the compound contributes to the development of durable and attractive coatings.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of protective coatings for industrial equipment, enhancing resistance to wear and chemicals.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of coatings for ceramics and porcelain, enhancing their appearance and durability.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of coatings for rubber and elastomer materials, enhancing adhesion and longevity.
Butyl carbitol acetate is utilized in various other specialty coatings and formulations across industries, where its solvent properties play a vital role in achieving desired results.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of industrial primers, providing adhesion and enhancing the performance of subsequent coatings.
In the woodworking industry, the compound can be found in the production of wood finishes for furniture and cabinetry.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for architectural glass, contributing to energy efficiency and aesthetics.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of coatings for signage and displays, ensuring vibrant colors and durability.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of coatings for plastic automotive parts, enhancing their appearance and UV resistance.
Butyl carbitol acetate is utilized in the production of coatings for food and beverage packaging, ensuring safety and compliance.
In the construction sector, Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of masonry coatings, protecting and enhancing brick and stone surfaces.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of coatings for recreational vehicles, contributing to their longevity and appearance.

Butyl carbitol acetate finds application in the formulation of coatings for playground equipment, enhancing safety and aesthetics.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of coatings for sports equipment, such as bicycles and helmets, providing durability and protection.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the formulation of coatings for industrial machinery, enhancing corrosion resistance and aesthetics.

In the leather industry, the compound can be found in the production of coatings for leather goods, enhancing durability and color.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for electrical enclosures, contributing to insulation and protection against environmental factors.
Butyl carbitol acetate is utilized in the production of coatings for architectural metal surfaces, enhancing appearance and corrosion resistance.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of coatings for automotive wheels and rims, providing protection and visual appeal.

Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of coatings for outdoor furniture, contributing to weather resistance and longevity.
In the ceramic industry, Butyl carbitol acetate can be found in the formulation of glazes for ceramic tiles and pottery.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for plastic consumer goods, enhancing appearance and scratch resistance.

Butyl carbitol acetate is utilized in the production of coatings for electronic devices, ensuring protection and performance.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of coatings for industrial pumps and valves, enhancing corrosion resistance and performance.
Butyl carbitol acetate finds application in the production of coatings for musical instruments, contributing to aesthetics and protection.

In the automotive aftermarket, the compound can be found in spray paints and touch-up coatings for vehicle repair.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for medical equipment, ensuring biocompatibility and cleanliness.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of coatings for aerospace components, contributing to aerodynamics and durability.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in various specialty coatings and formulations, where its solvent properties contribute to achieving desired performance and aesthetics.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of coatings for industrial machinery parts, providing protection against wear, corrosion, and environmental factors.
In the field of industrial maintenance, the compound can be found in coatings used for reconditioning and preserving aging equipment.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for HVAC systems, contributing to thermal insulation and corrosion resistance.

Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of coatings for food processing equipment, ensuring sanitary and durable surfaces.
In the cosmetics industry, the compound is used in the formulation of nail polishes, contributing to smooth application and vibrant colors.
Butyl carbitol acetate is utilized in the production of coatings for pet products such as pet carriers and crates, enhancing durability and aesthetics.

Butyl carbitol acetate finds application in the formulation of coatings for architectural columns and decorative elements, enhancing visual appeal.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of coatings for automotive interior components, providing protection and aesthetic enhancements.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for medical devices, ensuring compatibility and safety for patient use.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of coatings for agricultural equipment, contributing to protection against weather and chemicals.

Butyl carbitol acetate can be found in the formulation of coatings for industrial pumps, ensuring efficient operation and corrosion resistance.
In the signage industry, Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of coatings for outdoor signage, contributing to longevity and visibility.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for electronic displays, ensuring clarity and protection against environmental factors.

Butyl carbitol acetate is utilized in the production of coatings for amusement park rides, enhancing safety and appearance.
Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of coatings for musical instrument cases, providing protection and aesthetics.
Butyl carbitol acetate finds application in the production of coatings for architectural elements like balustrades and railings.
In the marine industry, the compound can be found in coatings for boat interiors, contributing to aesthetics and durability.

Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for outdoor lighting fixtures, enhancing resistance to weather and corrosion.
Butyl carbitol acetate is employed in the production of coatings for electronic circuit boards, ensuring reliability and protection.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the formulation of coatings for utility poles and transmission towers, contributing to longevity and safety.
Butyl carbitol acetate is utilized in the production of coatings for playground structures, ensuring safety and aesthetics.
In the aerospace sector, the compound can be found in coatings for aircraft interiors, contributing to fire resistance and aesthetics.
Butyl carbitol acetate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for industrial tanks and vessels, protecting against chemical corrosion.

Butyl carbitol acetate is used in the production of coatings for renewable energy equipment, such as solar panels and wind turbine components.
Butyl carbitol acetate continues to find diverse applications across industries, leveraging its solvent properties to enhance performance, protection, and aesthetics in various products and surfaces.



DESCRIPTION


Butyl carbitol acetate, also known by its IUPAC name as Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H20O4.
Butyl carbitol acetate is a type of glycol ether and acetate ester, which makes it a solvent with various industrial applications.

Butyl carbitol acetate, also known as Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate, is a versatile chemical compound widely used as a solvent.
With a molecular formula of C10H20O4, Butyl carbitol acetate falls into the glycol ether and acetate ester categories.
Butyl carbitol acetate is a clear liquid with a mild, characteristic odor, making it suitable for various industrial applications.
Butyl carbitol acetate has a density of approximately 0.968 g/cm³ and a boiling point range of 217-219 °C.

Its solubility characteristics include miscibility with numerous organic solvents like hydrocarbons, ketones, and alcohols.
In the coatings and paints industry, Butyl carbitol acetate serves as a solvent for resins and pigments, aiding in application and drying.
Its application extends to the ink formulation process, where it's used in flexographic and gravure printing inks.
Adhesive production benefits from this compound's solvent properties, helping dissolve adhesive components and modify viscosity.

Butyl carbitol acetate finds use in cleaning products, serving as a solvent in varnish removers, degreasers, and household cleaners.
Industries such as chemical manufacturing and metalworking leverage its solubility for various processes and applications.
Nail polish removers often include this compound due to its ability to effectively dissolve nail polish.

Its chemical structure comprises butyl and ethylene glycol moieties linked to an acetate group, contributing to its solvent properties.
When handling Butyl carbitol acetate, it's essential to follow proper safety precautions, such as wearing gloves and safety goggles.
Its flammable nature necessitates storage away from open flames, sparks, and in well-ventilated areas.

Butyl carbitol acetate's mild odor makes it suitable for formulations where strong odors are undesirable.
Butyl carbitol acetate serves as a crucial component in the formulation of coatings, providing compatibility with various resin types.
Butyl carbitol acetate's miscibility with different solvents adds to its versatility and applicability in various industries.
In the printing industry, Butyl carbitol acetate aids in ink dispersion and application consistency, ensuring quality prints.

Its solvency power makes it effective in breaking down adhesives, paints, and other coatings for removal.
Butyl carbitol acetate's clear appearance makes it easy to work with in formulations where color clarity is essential.
Its use in industrial processes underscores its role as a solvent of choice for diverse applications.

Butyl carbitol acetate is subject to regulations, and users should consult safety data sheets for handling and storage guidelines.
Its versatility and wide-ranging applications have established Butyl carbitol acetate as a valuable compound in various industries.
Whether in paints, inks, adhesives, or cleaning products, Butyl carbitol acetate's solvent properties play a pivotal role in creating effective formulations.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C10H20O4
Molecular Weight: Approximately 204.27 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate
CAS Number: 112-07-2
EC Number: 203-961-6

Physical Properties:

Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
Density: Approximately 0.968 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Range of 217-219 °C (423-426 °F)
Melting Point: Liquid at room temperature
Solubility: Miscible with many organic solvents, including hydrocarbons, ketones, and alcohols.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Butyl carbitol acetate vapors are inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air immediately.
If the person is experiencing difficulty in breathing, provide artificial respiration if you are trained to do so.
Seek medical attention promptly, especially if breathing difficulties persist.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes while avoiding direct contact with the substance.
Wash the affected skin gently and thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms develop, seek medical assistance.
If a large area of skin is affected or the irritation is severe, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently and thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes while keeping eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable during rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if symptoms appear mild.
Provide information about the substance to medical personnel for proper treatment.


Ingestion:

If Butyl carbitol acetate is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and give the affected person water to drink if they are conscious and able to swallow.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective clothing, to prevent direct skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area, such as a fume hood or outdoors, to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Use local exhaust ventilation if available.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid breathing in vapors or aerosols generated during handling.
If necessary, wear a properly fitted NIOSH-approved respirator with organic vapor cartridges.

No Eating or Drinking:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Butyl carbitol acetate to prevent accidental ingestion.

Spill Management:
Avoid spills and leaks.
In case of a spill, immediately absorb the liquid with absorbent materials, such as sand or inert absorbents.
Dispose of the absorbent material properly according to regulations.

Grounding and Bonding:
Use proper grounding and bonding techniques when transferring the substance to prevent static electricity buildup, which could lead to sparks and fires.

Tools and Equipment:
Use non-sparking tools and equipment to minimize the risk of ignition.

Storage Temperature:
Store in a cool area, away from heat sources, open flames, and direct sunlight.

Avoid Mixing:
Keep away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizers and reactive chemicals, to prevent potential reactions.

Container Sealing:
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent evaporation and exposure to air.


Storage:

Container Type:
Store Butyl carbitol acetate in containers made of materials compatible with chemicals, such as glass, HDPE, or stainless steel.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the chemical name, hazards, and other relevant information.

Location:
Store in a well-ventilated, dry, and fire-resistant area, away from heat sources, ignition points, and direct sunlight.

Temperature:
Store at ambient temperature, ideally between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).
Avoid extreme temperatures.

Flammability:
Keep away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition due to the flammable nature of the substance.

Separation:
Store away from strong acids, strong bases, and other reactive chemicals that could potentially lead to hazardous reactions.

Secondary Containment:
If storing in bulk, consider using secondary containment, such as spill containment trays, to prevent leaks from reaching the environment.

Accessibility:
Store away from areas with high foot traffic or where accidental contact is likely.

Storage Guidelines:
Adhere to local regulations and guidelines for the storage of flammable liquids and chemicals.


Disposal:

Regulations:
Dispose of Butyl carbitol acetate waste in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations for hazardous waste disposal.

Professional Assistance:
Consult waste disposal professionals or regulatory authorities for guidance on proper disposal methods.

Recycling:
If possible, consider recycling options for empty containers or coordinating with recycling programs for solvent waste.



SYNONYMS


Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate
Butyl Carbitol Acetate
Butyl Diethylene Glycol Acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl Acetate
Butyl Carbitol Ester
Butyl Carbitol Ethanoate
2-Butoxyethyl Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate
Butyl Diglycol Acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl Acetate
Butyl Diglycol Ester
Butyl Diethylene Glycol Acetate
Butyl Carbitol Monoacetate
Ethylene Glycol N-butyl Ether Acetate
Butyl Ethylene Glycol Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Butyl Acetate
Butyl 2-(2-acetoxyethoxy)ethyl Ether
Butyl Ether Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Acetate
BCA
2-(n-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl Acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethyl) Acetate
Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether Acetate
Butyl Carbitol Ester of Acetic Acid
Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether Monoacetate
Butyl 2-(2-Acetoxylethoxy)ethyl Ether
Butyl Carbitol Monoethyl Ether Acetate
Ethylene Glycol N-butyl Ether Monoacetate
2-(2-Butoxyethyl) Acetic Acid Ester
Butyl Ether Diethylene Glycol Acetate
Butyl Carbitol Ethylene Glycol Acetate
Butyl 2-(2-Acetoxyethoxy)ethyl Acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl Ethanoate
Butyl Ethylene Glycol Monoacetate
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Acetic Acid Ester
Butyl 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Monoacetate
Butyl Carbitol Diethyl Acetate
Butyl Carbitol Acetate Ester
Butyl 2-(2-Actoxyethoxy)ethyl Acetate
Butyl Ethylene Glycol Diacetate
Butyl Carbitol Acetyl Ether
2-Butoxyethyl Acetate of Ethylene Glycol
Butyl 2-(2-Acetoxyethyl) Acetate
Butyl Ether Diethylene Glycol Monoacetate
Butyl Ethylene Glycol Acetate Ether
Butyl Diethylene Glycol Monoacetic Ester
Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether Monoacetic Ester
Butyl Carbitol Acetic Acid Ester
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl Ethyl Acetate
Butyl Diethylene Glycol Acetate Ether
Butyl Carbitol Ethylene Glycol Monoacetate Ester
Butyl Ethylene Glycol Diacetic Ether
2-Butoxyethyl Diethylene Glycol Acetate
Butyl 2-(2-Acetoxylethoxy)ethyl Acetic Ester
Ethylene Glycol Butyl Monoacetate Ester
Butyl Ethylene Glycol Acetic Ether
Butyl Carbitol Acetate Acetic Ester
2-(2-Butoxyethyl) Acetate of Diethylene Glycol
Butyl 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl Ethanoate
Butyl Diethylene Glycol Monoacetyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol Butyl Monoacetic Ether
Butyl Carbitol Ethylene Glycol Acetic Ester Ether
Butyl 2-(2-Acetoxyethyl) Acetic Ether
Ethylene Glycol Butyl Monoacetate Ether
Butyl Ether Diethylene Glycol Monoacetic Acid Ester
Butyl Ethylene Glycol Acetate Acetic Ester
Butyl Diethylene Glycol Acetate Acetic Ester
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl Acetate of Ethylene Glycol

DESCRIPTION:

Butyl Cellosolve is a very versatile solvent product with a good balance of many dierent properties.
Butyl Cellosolve is colourless, neutral, slightly hygroscopic, mobile liquid with a mild odour.
Butyl Cellosolve is miscible with water and common organic solvents in all proportions at room temperature.



CAS NUMBER: 111-76-2

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H14O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 118.2 g/mol



DESCRIPTION:

Butyl Cellosolve is a fast-evaporating glycol ether with an excellent balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic character; excellent active solvency and coupling properties.
Butyl Cellosolve is a versatile solvent product with balance properties.
Butyl Cellosolve is a very versatile solvent product with a good balance of many different properties.
With a nearly equal balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic character, Butyl Cellosolve glycol ether provides excellent performance in coatings, cleaners, and many other types of products.

Butyl Cellosolve is one of our fastest evaporating glycol ethers.
Butyl Cellosolve is compatible with a wide range of resin types, and it also offers 100% water solubility.
Butyl Cellosolve is an organic compound with the chemical formula BuOC2H4OH (Bu = CH3CH2CH2CH2).
This colorless liquid has a sweet, ether-like odor, as it derives from the family of glycol ethers, and is a butyl ether of ethylene glycol.
Butyl Cellosolve is used in many domestic and industrial products because of its properties as a surfactant.

Butyl Cellosolve is a clear, colorless oily liquid with a high boiling point, low volatility and slightly fruity odour.
As with other glycol ethers, Butyl Cellosolve is bifunctional, containing an ether and an alcohol group in the same molecule.
Butyl Cellosolve is completely miscible with water and a wide variety of organic solvents.
This excellent miscibility makes it a versatile solvent and coupling agent offering excellent performance properties in a wide range of applications.
Butyl Cellosolve's bifunctional nature also means exhibiting the reactions typical of an alcohol, ie. esterification, etherification, oxidation and formation of an ether with acetates and alcoholates, which forms peroxides in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.

Butyl Cellosolve is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with normal butanol (n-butanol) in the presence of a catalyst.
Butyl Cellosolve is a flammable material.
Butyl Cellosolve is dominated by the paint industry, which consumes about 75% of all BG produced.
This is because Butyl Cellosolve is a low volatility solvent and therefore prolongs the drying times of coatings and increases the flow.
Other applications are as a solvent in printing inks and textile dyes and as a component of hydraulic fluids.

Butyl Cellosolve is also a component of drilling and cutting oils and is a key component of Corexit 9527, an oil spill dispersant product.
Butyl Cellosolve is also a chemical intermediate and therefore a starting material in the production of butyl glycol acetate, which is itself an excellent solvent.
Butyl Cellosolve is also the starting material in the production of plasticizers by the reaction of phthalic anhydride.
Butyl Cellosolve is also something used regularly in most households, as it is an ingredient in many household cleaning products.
Butyl Cellosolve provides very good cleaning power for household cleaning products and also provides a characteristic odor associated with most of these products.

Butyl Cellosolve also plays the same role in some industrial and commercial surface cleaners.
Butyl Cellosolve is widely used as a solvent and coupling agent in water-based paints, coatings and inks.
Butyl Cellosolve improves the flow of products and extends drying times.
Butyl Cellosolve is preferred in many products due to its mild fragrance.
Butyl Cellosolve acts as a solvent and coupling agent in many waxes, resins, oils and textile dyes and is used in many industrial, commercial and household cleaning products that offer the good cleaning power and fragrance typically associated with such products.

Butyl Cellosolve is an important starting material for various syntheses, which is one of the raw materials for the production of butyl glycol acetate and for the production of plasticizers by reaction with phthalic anhydride.
Butyl Cellosolve is also formulated in insecticides, herbicides, pesticides and cosmetics, and is an ingredient in hydraulic fluids and cutting and drilling oils.
Butyl Cellosolve can be obtained in the laboratory by performing a ring opening of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane with boron trichloride.
Butyl Cellosolve is often produced industrially by combining ethylene glycol and butyraldehyde in a Parr reactor with palladium on carbon.
Butyl Cellosolve is a glycol ether with modest surfactant properties, which can also be used as a mutual solvent.

Butyl Cellosolve is a solvent for paints and surface coatings, as well as cleaning products and inks.
Products that contain Butyl Cellosolve include acrylic resin formulations, asphalt release agents, firefighting foam, leather protectors, oil spill dispersants, degreaser applications, photographic strip solutions, whiteboard and glass cleaners, liquid soaps, cosmetics, dry cleaning solutions, lacquers, varnishes, herbicides, latex paints, enamels, printing paste, and varnish removers, and silicone caulk.
Products containing Butyl Cellosolve are commonly found at construction sites, automobile repair shops, print shops, and facilities that produce sterilizing and cleaning products.

Butyl Cellosolve is the main ingredient of many home, commercial and industrial cleaning solutions.
Butyl Cellosolve is commonly produced for the oil industry because of its surfactant properties.
In the petroleum industry, Butyl Cellosolve is a component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers, and oil slick dispersants for both water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing.
When liquid is pumped into the well, the fracturing fluids are pumped under extreme pressure, so 2-butoxyethanol is used to stabilize them by lowering the surface tension.

As a surfactant, Butyl Cellosolve absorbs at the oil-water interface of the fracture.
Butyl Cellosolve is also used to facilitate the release of the gas by preventing congealing.
Butyl Cellosolve is a clear, colourless, oily liquid with a unique sweet yet mild odour and has the formula C6H14O2.
Butyl Cellosolve is a butyl ether of ethylene glycol and is miscible with water and common organic solvents.
Butyl Cellosolve has been produced industrially for over half a century and is used primarily as a solvent in paints and surface coatings but also in inks and cleaning products.

Butyl Cellosolve is dominated by the paint industry which consumes approximately 75 % of all the BG produced.
Other applications include use as a solvent in printing inks due to its high boiling point, textile dyes and as a component of hydraulic fluids.
Butyl Cellosolve is also a component of drilling and cutting oils and is a major component of Corexit 9527, which is an oil spill dispersant product.
Butyl Cellosolve is also a chemical intermediate and, as such, is a starting material in the production of butyl glycol acetate which is, itself, an excellent solvent.
Butyl Cellosolve is also a starting material in the production of plasticisers by the reaction of phthalic anhydride.

Butyl Cellosolve is used regularly in most households as it is a component of many home cleaning products.
Butyl Cellosolve provides excellent cleaning power for domestic cleaning products and also provides the characteristic odour that we associate with them.
Butyl Cellosolve also plays the same role in some industrial and commercial surface cleaners.
Many other products contain Butyl Cellosolve including spray lacquers, varnishes, varnish removers, paints, liquid soaps, degreasers, leather protectors, whiteboard cleaners, printing pastes, enamels, cosmetics and herbicides.

Butyl Cellosolve acts as a fast-evaporating glycol ether-based solvent with a very good balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic character, very good active solvency and coupling properties.
Butyl Cellosolve is used as an active solvent for solvent-based coatings, coalescent for industrial water-based coatings, coupling agent for architectural water-borne coatings, primary solvent in solvent-based silk screen printing inks.
Butyl Cellosolve possesses powerful solvency.
Butyl Cellosolve offers high dilution ratio and moderate evaporation rate.

Butyl Cellosolve is a chemical commonly found in household cleaning agents, including all-purpose cleaners, glass cleaners, and floor cleaners.
Butyl Cellosolve is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor.
Butyl Cellosolve is a highly versatile chemical that possesses a unique combination of properties that make it an essential ingredient in many household cleaning products.
Butyl Cellosolve is a powerful solvent that effectively dissolves dirt, grime, and stains, making it an effective cleaning agent in products such as all-purpose cleaners, glass cleaners, and floor cleaners.

Butyl Cellosolve's ability to penetrate surfaces and lift away tough stains is just one of the many properties that make Butyl Cellosolve a popular choice for cleaning agents.
Butyl Cellosolve is a primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group.
Butyl Cellosolve is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions.
Butyl Cellosolve has a role as a protic solvent.
Butyl Cellosolve is a primary alcohol and a glycol ether.

Butyl Cellosolve is a natural product.
Butyl Cellosolve is a colorless liquid solvent with surfactant properties.
Butyl Cellosolve has a mild, sweet, ether-like odor; and is soluble in alcohol, water, and most organic solvents.
Butyl Cellosolve is relatively non-volatile and inexpensive.

Butyl Cellosolve is a highly versatile solvent with a good balance of many different properties that make it a powerful ingredient in various applications.
Butyl Cellosolve appears in the form of a colourless liquid with a mild odour of ether, and is found in a wide variety of household cleaning agents.
Butyl Cellosolve is soluble in water and with a good balance of many different properties.
Butyl Cellosolve is soluble in water and miscible with mineral oils and soaps, and common organic solvents in all proportions at room temperature.



USAGE AREAS:

-Solvent for agricultural pesticides
-Solvent in printing inks for leather dyes
-As a coalescing aid
-Active solvent for solvent-based coatings
-Coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial cleaners, rust removers, hard surface cleaners, and disinfectants
-Glass cleaners
-Carpet cleaners
-Laundry additives
-Bathroom & Kitchen cleaners
-Multi-purpose cleaners for institutional and janitorial purposes
-General degreasers



USES:

-In-Can Formulants
-Pesticide Production
-Other PCB Processing Aids
-Solder and Flux Removal
-Solder Resist Ink
-Hand Dishwashing
-Institutional Fabric Care
-Laundry Additives
-Bathroom Cleaners
-Glass Cleaners
-Institutional Floor Care
-Institutional Hard Surface Care
-Janitorial and Sanitation
-Kitchen and Catering
-Kitchen Cleaners
-Multipurpose Cleaners
-Toilet Cleaners
-Wipes
-Chemical Flooding
-Cementing
-Drilling
-Stimulation
-Asset Integrity
-Exterior Wall
-Facade Paint
-Floor Paint
-High Gloss and Trim
-Interior Wall Paint
-Primer
-Sealers
-Stain
-Wood Coatings
-Automotive Coatings
-General Industrial Finishing
-Marine Coatings
-Plastic Coatings
-Protective Coatings
-Traffic - Road Marking
-Flexographic
-Inkjet
-Rotogravure
-Boiler Systems
-Cooling Circuits
-Process Treatments
-Reverse Osmosis



APPLICATION:

-Active solvent for solvent-based coatings.
-Coalescent for industrial water-based coatings.
-Coupling agent for architectural water-borne coatings.
-Coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial cleaners, rust
removers, hard surface cleaners, and disinfectants.
-Primary solvent in solvent-based silk screen printing inks.
-Coupling agent for resins and dyes in water-based printing inks.
-Solvent for agricultural pesticides.



PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight (g/mol): 118.2
-Boiling Point at 760 mmHg, 1.01 ar: 171 °C (340 °F)
-Flash Point (Setaflash Closed Cup): 67 °C (153°F)
-Freezing Point: -75 °C (-103°F)
-Specific gravity (25/25°C): 0.901
-Liquid Density at 20°C: 0.902 g/cm3
-Viscosity (cP or mPa•s at 20°C): 3.3
-Surface tension (dynes/cm or mN/m at 20°C): 65 at 2 g/L
-Specific heat (J/g/°C at 25°C): 2.38
-Heat of vaporization (J/g) at normal boiling point: 348
-Net heat of combustion (kJ/g) — predicted at 25°C: 30.0
-Autoignition temperature: 230 °C (446 °F)
-Evaporation rate (n-butyl acetate = 1.0): 0.06



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

Molecular Weight: 118.2
Boiling Point at 760 mm Hg: 170.5
Freezing Point: -77
Specific gravity at 25/25°C: 0.901
Viscosity at 25°C: 3.0
Surface tension at 25°C: 27.1
Relative Evaporation rate; n-butyl acetate= 1.0: 0.08
Flash Point: 65
Vapor Pressure at 20 mm Hg: 0.7
Autoignition temperature: 244



SPECIFICATION:

-Molecular Weight: 118.17
-XLogP3: 0.8
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
-Rotatable Bond Count: 5
-Exact Mass: 118.099379685
-Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 8
-Complexity: 37.5
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



STORAGE:

Butyl Cellosolve should be stored in a cool, dark place away from food and oxidants.



SYNONYM:

2-Butoxy-1-ethanol
2-n-Butoxyethanol
3-Oxa-1-heptanol
Bikanol B 1
Buchiseru
Butyl Cellosolve
Butyl Cellu-Sol
Butyl Glysolv
Butyl Oxitol
Butyl glycol
Butyl icinol
Butyl monoether glycol
C4E1
Chimec NR
DB solvent
Dowanol EB
EGBE
Ektasolve EB
Ethylene glycol butyl ether
Ethylene glycolmono-n-butyl ether
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
Ethylene glycol n-butylether
2-Butoxyethanol
2-Butoxyethanol
111-76-2
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER
Butyl glycol
Butyl cellosolve
Butoxyethanol
n-Butoxyethanol
Ethanol, 2-butoxy
Ethylene glycol butyl ether
Butyl oxitol
Dowanol EB
Glycol butyl ether
Glycol ether eb
3-Oxa-1-heptanol
2-butoxyethan-1-ol
EGBE
2-Butoxy-1-ethanol
Gafcol EB
2-n-Butoxyethanol
O-Butyl ethylene glycol
Jeffersol eb
Butyl cellu-sol
BUCS
Ektasolve EB
Glycol monobutyl ether
Chimec NR
2-Butoxy ethanol
2-Butossi-etanolo
2-Butoxy-aethanol
Butylcelosolv
Butylglycol
Butoksyetylowy alkohol
2-Butoxy-ethanol
Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether
EGMBE
Monobutyl glycol etherMonobutyl ether of ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ethern-Butyl Cellosolve
.beta.-Butoxyethanol
ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether
Butyl monoether glycol
Butyglycol
Monobutyl ethylene glycol ethe
2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol
Ether alcohol
Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether
Butyl icinol
Minex BDH
NSC 60759
2-Hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether
2-Butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)
9004-77-7
Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol
I0P9XEZ9WV
Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether
Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol
DTXSID1024097
CHEBI:63921
NSC-60759
DTXCID904097
butylcellosolve
g lycol ether eb
beta-Butoxyethanol
2 -Butoxyethanol
CAS-111-76-2
SMR001253761
Butoxyethanol, 2-
Ektasolve EB solvent
CCRIS 5985
HSDB 538
Ek tasolve EB solvent
Glycol ether eb acetate
EINECS 203-905-0
UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV
UN2369
n-butoxyethanol sodium salt
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 011501
BRN 1732511
Butyloxitol
AI3-0993
butoxy-ethanol
AI3-09903
Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether
Butyl Glycolether
EB Solvent
3-oxaheptan-1-ol
2-(n-Butoxy)ethanol
BuOCH2CH2OH
2-(1-Butyloxy) ethanol
EC 203-905-0
EC 500-012-0
Aethylenglycolmonobuthylaether
BUTOXYETHANOL [INCI]
2-Butoxy-aethanol(GERMAN)
SCHEMBL15712MLS002174253
MLS002454362
WLN: Q2O4
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE
Butyglycol(FRENCH, GERMAN
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether
CHEMBL284588
QSPL 003
2-BUTOXYETHANOL
2-BUTOXYETHANOL
2-BUTOXY ETHANOL (ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER)
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, 99%
2-butoxyethanol
NSC60759
ZINC1690437
Tox21_202399
Tox21_300123
MFCD00002884
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, >=99%
AKOS009028760
NCGC00090683-01
NCGC00090683-02
NCGC00090683-03
NCGC00090683-04
NCGC00090683-05
NCGC00254083-01
NCGC00259948-01
LS-13220
B0698
FT-0626297
EN300-19317
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade
C19355
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, analytical standard
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER
Q421557
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, for synthesis, 99.0%
J-508565
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, spectrophotometric grade, >=99.0%

DESCRIPTION:
Butyl CELLOSOLVE is a fast-evaporating glycol ether with an excellent balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic character
Butyl CELLOSOLVE has excellent active solvency and coupling properties.
Butyl CELLOSOLVE is a versatile solvent product with balance properties.

CAS#: 111-76-2
EINECS (EU): 203-905-0
Chemical Formula: C4H9OCH2CH2OH
Name : Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BUTYL CELLOSOLVE:
Boiling Point (°C @760mmHg): 170.7
CAS#: 111-76-2
Chemical Name: Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether
Density (25°C) at lb/gal (g/cc): 7.49 (0.898)
Evaporation Rate (n-butyl acetate=1.0): 0.079
Flash Point, Closed Cup: 65 °C
Freezing Point °F(°C): -103 (-75)
Hansen Solubility Parameter, dD (joules/cm3)1/2: 16
Hansen Solubility Parameter, dH (joules/cm3)1/2: 12.3
Hansen Solubility Parameter, dP (joules/cm3)1/2: 7.6
Molecular Weight: 118.2 g/mol
Solubility in Water (25°C): infinite wt%
Solubility Water in (25°C): infinite wt%
Specific Gravity (25°C): 0.901
Surface Tension (1% actives, 25 °C): 27.4 dynes/cm
Vapor Pressure (mmHg @ 20°C): 0.66
Viscosity (25°C): 2.9 cP
Molecular Weight: (g/mol) 118.2
Boiling Point @ 760 mmHg, : 1.01 ar 171 °C (340 °F)
Flash Point (Setaflash Closed Cup): 67 °C (153°F)
Freezing Point: -75 °C (-103°F)
Vapor pressure@ 20°C :— extrapolated
0.66 mmHg
0.117 kPa
Specific gravity (25/25°C): 0.901
Liquid Density @ 20°C: 0.902 g/cm3
Viscosity (cP or mPa•s @ 20°C): 3.3
Surface tension (dynes/cm or mN/m @ 20°C): 65 @ 2 g/L
Specific heat (J/g/°C @ 25°C): 2.38
Heat of vaporization (J/g) at normal boiling point: 348
Net heat of combustion (kJ/g) — predicted @25°C: 30.0
Autoignition temperature: 230 °C (446 °F)
Evaporation rate (n-butyl acetate = 1.0): 0.06
Partition Coefficient, n-octonol/water(log Pow): 0.81
Flammable limits (vol.% in air)
Lower: 1.3
Upper: 10.6
Flash point: 67 °C (153 °F; 340 K)
Autoignition temperature: 245 °C (473 °F; 518 K)
Explosive limits: 1.1–12.7%

Molecular Weight: 118.17
XLogP3: 0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 118.099379685
Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 37.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is a primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group.
A high-boiling (171℃) colourless liquid, BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE has a role as a protic solvent.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is a primary alcohol and a glycol ether.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is a natural product found in Solanum tuberosum, Bidens pilosa, and other organisms with data available.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE appears as a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is Less dense than water.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE has Flash point of 160 °F.

BUTYL CELLOSOLVE Irritates skin and eyes and may be toxic by ingestion.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is Used as a solvent and to make paints and varnish.

Butyl CELLOSOLVE glycol ether is a fast-evaporating glycol ether with an excellent balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic character; excellent active solvency and coupling properties.
Butyl CELLOSOLVE is a very versatile solvent product with a good balance of many different properties.

With a nearly equal balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic character, Butyl CELLOSOLVE glycol ether provides excellent performance in coatings, cleaners, and many other types of products.
Butyl CELLOSOLVE is one of our fastest evaporating glycol ethers.

Butyl CELLOSOLVE glycol ether is compatible with a wide range of resin types, and it also offers 100% water solubility.
2-Butoxyethanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula BuOC2H4OH (Bu = CH3CH2CH2CH2).
Butyl CELLOSOLVE has a sweet, ether-like odor, as it derives from the family of glycol ethers, and is a butyl ether of ethylene glycol.

As a relatively nonvolatile, inexpensive solvent, Butyl CELLOSOLVE is used in many domestic and industrial products because of its properties as a surfactant.
Butyl CELLOSOLVE is a known respiratory irritant and can be acutely toxic, but animal studies did not find it to be mutagenic, and no studies suggest Butyl CELLOSOLVE is a human carcinogen.

A study of 13 classroom air contaminants conducted in Portugal reported a statistically significant association with increased rates of nasal obstruction and a positive association below the level of statistical significance with a higher risk of obese asthma and increased child BMI.

Butyl CELLOSOLVE glycol ether is a very versatile solvent product with a good balance of many di¬erent properties.
Butyl CELLOSOLVE is Colourless, neutral, slightly hygroscopic, mobile liquid with a mild odour.
Butyl CELLOSOLVE is miscible with water and common organic solvents in all proportions at room temperature.

PRODUCTION OF BUTYL CELLOSOLVE:
Butyl CELLOSOLVE is commonly obtained through two processes; the ethoxylation reaction of butanol and ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst:
C2H4O + C4H9OH → C4H9OC2H4OH
or the etherification of butanol with 2-chloroethanol.
Butyl CELLOSOLVE can be obtained in the laboratory by performing a ring opening of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane with boron trichloride.
Butyl CELLOSOLVE is often produced industrially by combining ethylene glycol and butyraldehyde in a Parr reactor with palladium on carbon.

In 2006, the European production of butyl glycol ethers amounted to 181 kilotons, of which approximately 50% (90 kt/a) was 2-butoxyethanol.
World production is estimated to be 200 to 500 kt/a, of which 75% is for paints and coatings and 18% for metal cleaners and household cleaners.
In the US, it is considered a high production volume chemical because more than 100 million pounds of this chemical are produced per year.


USES OF BUTYL CELLOSOLVE:
• In-Can Formulants
• Pesticide Production
• Other PCB Processing Aids
• Solder and Flux Removal
• Solder Resist Ink
• Hand Dishwashing
• Institutional Fabric Care
• Laundry Additives
• Bathroom Cleaners
• Glass Cleaners
• Institutional Floor Care
• Institutional Hard Surface Care
• Janitorial and Sanitation
• Kitchen and Catering
• Kitchen Cleaners
• Multipurpose Cleaners
• Toilet Cleaners
• Wipes
• Chemical Flooding
• Cementing
• Drilling
• Stimulation
• Asset Integrity
• Exterior Wall - Facade Paint
• Floor Paint
• High Gloss and Trim
• Interior Wall Paint
• Primer
• Sealers
• Stain
• Wood Coatings
• Automotive Coatings
• General Industrial Finishing
• Marine Coatings
• Plastic Coatings
• Protective Coatings
• Traffic - Road Marking
• Flexographic
• Inkjet
• Rotogravure
• Boiler Systems
• Cooling Circuits
• Process Treatments
• Reverse Osmosis

2-Butoxyethanol is a glycol ether with modest surfactant properties, which can also be used as a mutual solvent.

COMMERCIAL USES OF BUTYL CELLOSOLVE:
2-Butoxyethanol is a solvent for paints and surface coatings, as well as cleaning products and inks.
Products that contain 2-butoxyethanol include acrylic resin formulations, asphalt release agents, firefighting foam, leather protectors, oil spill dispersants, degreaser applications, photographic strip solutions, whiteboard and glass cleaners, liquid soaps, cosmetics, dry cleaning solutions, lacquers, varnishes, herbicides, latex paints, enamels, printing paste, and varnish removers, and silicone caulk.
Products containing this compound are commonly found at construction sites, automobile repair shops, print shops, and facilities that produce sterilizing and cleaning products.

BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is the main ingredient of many home, commercial and industrial cleaning solutions.
Since the molecule has both polar and non-polar ends, 2-butoxyethanol is useful for removing both polar and non-polar substances, like grease and oils.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is also approved by the U.S. FDA to be used as direct and indirect food additives, which include antimicrobial agents, defoamers, stabilizers, and adhesives.

In the petroleum industry:
2-Butoxyethanol is commonly produced for the oil industry because of its surfactant properties.

In the petroleum industry, 2-butoxyethanol is a component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers, and oil slick dispersants for both water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing.
When liquid is pumped into the well, the fracturing fluids are pumped under extreme pressure, so 2-butoxyethanol is used to stabilize them by lowering the surface tension.

As a surfactant, 2-butoxyethanol absorbs at the oil-water interface of the fracture.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is also used to facilitate the release of the gas by preventing congealing.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is also used as a crude oil–water coupling solvent for more general oil well workovers.
Because of its surfactant properties, BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is a major constituent (30–60% w/w) in the oil spill dispersant Corexit 9527, which was widely used in the aftermath of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

APPLICATIONS OF BUTYL CELLOSOLVE:
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is used as Active solvent for solvent-based coatings.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is used as Coalescent for industrial water-based coatings.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is used as Coupling agent for architectural water-borne coatings.

BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is used as Coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial cleaners, rust
removers, hard surface cleaners, and disinfectants.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is used as Primary solvent in solvent-based silk screen printing inks.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is used as Coupling agent for resins and dyes in water-based printing inks.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is used as Solvent for agricultural pesticides.


SAFETY:
2-Butoxyethanol has a low acute toxicity, with LD50 of 2.5 g/kg in rats.
Laboratory tests by the U.S. National Toxicology Program have shown that only sustained exposure to high concentrations (100–500 ppm) of 2-butoxyethanol can cause adrenal tumors in animals.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) reports that 2-butoxyethanol is carcinogenic in rodents.
These rodent tests may not directly translate to carcinogenicity in humans, as the observed mechanism of cancer involves the rodents' forestomach, which humans lack.
OSHA does not regulate 2-butoxyethanol as a carcinogen.
2-Butoxyethanol has not been shown to penetrate shale rock in a study conducted by Manz.

Disposal and degradation:
2-Butoxyethanol can be disposed of by incineration.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE was shown that disposal occurs faster in the presence of semiconductor particles.
2-Butoxyethanol usually decomposes in the presence of air within a few days by reacting with oxygen radicals.

BUTYL CELLOSOLVE has not been identified as a major environmental contaminant, nor is it known to bio-accumulate.
2-Butoxyethanol biodegrades in soils and water, with a half life of 1–4 weeks in aquatic environments.

Human exposure:
2-Butoxyethanol most commonly enters the human body system through dermal absorption, inhalation, or oral consumption of the chemical.
The ACGIH threshold limit value (TLV) for worker exposure is 20 ppm, which is well above the odor detection threshold of 0.4 ppm.

Blood or urine concentrations of 2-butoxyethanol or the metabolite 2-butoxyacetic acid may be measured using chromatographic techniques.
A biological exposure index of 200 mg 2-butoxyacetic acid per g creatinine has been established in an end-of-shift urine specimen for U.S. employees.
2-Butoxyethanol and its metabolites fall to undetectable levels in urine after about 30 hours in men.


Animal studies:
Harmful effects have been observed in nonhuman mammals exposed to high levels of 2-butoxyethanol.
Developmental effects were seen in a study that exposed pregnant Fischer 344 rats, a type of laboratory rat, and New Zealand white rabbits to varying doses of 2-butoxyethanol.

At 100 ppm (483 mg/m3) and 200 ppm (966 mg/m3) exposure, statistically significant increases were observed in the number of litters with skeletal defects.
Additionally, BUTYL CELLOSOLVE was associated with a significant decrease in maternal body weight, uterine weight, and number of total implants.
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE is metabolized in mammals by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.

Neurological effects have also been observed in animals exposed to 2-butoxyethanol.
Fischer 344 rats exposed to 2-butoxyethanol at concentrations of 523 ppm and 867 ppm experienced decreased coordination.
Male rabbits showed a loss of coordination and equilibrium after exposure to 400 ppm of 2-butoxyethanol for two days.

When exposed to 2-butoxyethanol in drinking water, both F344/N rats and B63F1 mice showed negative effects.
The range of exposure for the two species was between 70 mg/kg body weight per day to 1300 mg/kg body weight per day.
Decreased body weight and water consumption were seen for both species.
Rats had reduced red blood cell counts and thymus weights, as well as lesions in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Regulation in Canada:
Environment and Health Canada recommended that 2-butoxyethanol be added to Schedule 1 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA).
Under these regulations, products containing 2-butoxyethanol are to be diluted below a certain concentration.
Only those in which the user performs the required dilution are required to include it on labelling information.

Regulation in the US:
2-Butoxyethanol is listed in California as a hazardous substance and the state sets an 8 hour average airborne concentration exposure limit at 25 ppm, and in California employers are required to inform employees when they are working with it.
It is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as "an indirect and direct food additive for use as an antimicrobial agent, defoamer, stabilizer and component of adhesives", and also "may be used to wash or assist in the peeling of fruits and vegetables" and "may be safely used as components of articles intended for use in packaging, transporting & holding food.

After its deletion from a UN list of substances requiring special toxicity labeling in 1994, and a subsequent petition by the American Chemistry Council, 2-butoxyethanol was removed from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's list of hazardous air pollutants in 2004.
The safety of products containing 2-butoxyethanol as normally used is defended by the industry trade groups the American Chemistry Council and the Soap and Detergent Association.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BUTYL CELLOSOLVE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


SYNONYMS OF BUTYL CELLOSOLVE:
2-Butoxyethanol
Butyl cellosolve
Butyl glycol
Butyl monoether glycol
EGBE (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)
Dowanol EB
Eastman EB solvent
2-BE
EGMBE
Butyl oxitol
Ektasolve EB
Jeffersol EB
MeSH Entry Terms:

2-butoxyethanol
butylcellosolve
ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether
n-butoxyethanol
n-butoxyethanol sodium salt

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:

2-Butoxyethanol
111-76-2
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER
Butyl glycol
Butyl cellosolve
Butoxyethanol
n-Butoxyethanol
Ethanol, 2-butoxy-
Ethylene glycol butyl ether
Butyl oxitol
Dowanol EB
Glycol butyl ether
Glycol ether eb
3-Oxa-1-heptanol
2-butoxyethan-1-ol
EGBE
2-Butoxy-1-ethanol
Gafcol EB
2-n-Butoxyethanol
O-Butyl ethylene glycol
Jeffersol eb
Butyl cellu-sol
BUCS
Ektasolve EB
Glycol monobutyl ether
Chimec NR
2-Butoxy ethanol
2-Butossi-etanolo
2-Butoxy-aethanol
Butylcelosolv
Butylglycol
Butoksyetylowy alkohol
2-Butoxy-ethanol
Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether
EGMBE
Monobutyl glycol ether
Monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether
n-Butyl Cellosolve
.beta.-Butoxyethanol
ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether
Butyl monoether glycol
Butyglycol
Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether
2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol
Ether alcohol
Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether
Butyl icinol
Minex BDH
NSC 60759
2-Hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether
2-Butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)
9004-77-7
Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol
I0P9XEZ9WV
Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether
Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol
CHEBI:63921
NSC-60759
DSSTox_CID_4097
DSSTox_RID_77286
DSSTox_GSID_24097
Butylcelosolv [Czech]
Caswell No. 121
butylcellosolve
g lycol ether eb
beta-Butoxyethanol
2 -Butoxyethanol
Butylglycol [French,German]
2-Butoxy-aethanol [German]
CAS-111-76-2
SMR001253761
2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian]
Butoxyethanol, 2-
Ektasolve EB solvent
CCRIS 5985
HSDB 538
Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish]
Ek tasolve EB solvent
Glycol ether eb acetate
EINECS 203-905-0
UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV
UN2369
n-butoxyethanol sodium salt
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 011501
BRN 1732511
Butyloxitol
AI3-0993
butoxy-ethanol
AI3-09903
Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish]
Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether
Butyl Glycolether
EB Solvent
Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French]
3-oxaheptan-1-ol
2-(n-Butoxy)ethanol
BuOCH2CH2OH
2-(1-Butyloxy) ethanol
EC 203-905-0
EC 500-012-0
BUTOXYETHANOL [INCI]
2-Butoxy-aethanol(GERMAN)
SCHEMBL15712
MLS002174253
MLS002454362
WLN: Q2O4
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE [MI]
Butyglycol(FRENCH, GERMAN)
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE)(2-Butoxyet)
ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether
CHEMBL284588
QSPL 003
2-BUTOXYETHANOL [IARC]
2-BUTOXYETHANOL [VANDF]
DTXSID1024097
2-BUTOXY ETHANOL (ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER)
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, 99%
2-butoxyethanol (butyl cellosolve)
NSC60759
ZINC1690437
Tox21_202399
Tox21_300123
MFCD00002884
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, >=99%
AKOS009028760
NCGC00090683-01
NCGC00090683-02
NCGC00090683-03
NCGC00090683-04
NCGC00090683-05
NCGC00254083-01
NCGC00259948-01
LS-13220
B0698
FT-0626297
EN300-19317
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade
C19355
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, analytical standard
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER [HSDB]
Q421557
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, for synthesis, 99.0%
J-508565
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, spectrophotometric grade, >=99.0%
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether [UN2369] [Keep away from food]

2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)ETHYL ACETATE; 2-(2-N-BUTOXYETHOXY)ETHYL ACETATE; ACETIC ACID 2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)ETHYL ESTER; ACETIC ACID DIETHYLENE GLYCOL BUTOXYETHOXYETHYL ACETATE; BUTYL CARBITOL ACETATE BUTYLDIGLYCOL ACETATE; BUTYL DIOXITOL ACETATE CAS NO:124-17-4

Butyl Diglycol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant odor.
Butyl Diglycol is prepared by co-heating ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol butyl ether under pressure.
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.

CAS: 112-34-5
MF: C8H18O3
MW: 162.23
EINECS: 203-961-6

Butyl Diglycol is an organic compound, one of several glycol ether solvents.
Butyl Diglycol is a colorless liquid with a low odour and high boiling point.
Butyl Diglycol is mainly used as a solvent for paints and varnishes in the chemical industry, household detergents, brewing chemicals and textile processing.
Butyl Diglycol is a glycol ether that belongs to the group of non-ionic surfactants.
Butyl Diglycol is used in vitro assays and toxicity studies, as well as for the production of laminated coatings.
Butyl Diglycol can be found in products such as paints and varnishes, inks, industrial cleaners, and textile finishes.
Butyl Diglycol has been shown to be toxic to laboratory animals at high doses.
The LD50 (lethal dose 50%) for rats is 3 g/kg body weight.
Butyl Diglycol may produce adverse effects on the central nervous system, liver, heart and kidney at high doses.

Butyl Diglycol Chemical Properties
Melting point: -68 °C (lit.) -68 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 231 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.967 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 5.6 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 30 mm Hg ( 130 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.432
Fp: 212 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: soluble in Chloroform
Form: Liquid
pka: 14.37±0.10(Predicted)
Color: Clear Colorless
Odor: Mild, characteristic; pleasant.
PH Range: 7
Explosive limit: 0.7-5.9%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,1557
BRN: 1739225
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 ppm
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.
InChIKey: OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-34-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol(112-34-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Butyl Diglycol (112-34-5)

Butyl Diglycol is a colorless, high-boiling liquid with a mild odour.
Butyl Diglycol is miscible in proportions with water, alcohol (methanol), ketones (acetone), ethers (ethyl ether), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene), paraffinic hydrocarbons (n-heptane), and halogenated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride).
As Butyl Diglycol is an ether-alcohol type compound it possesses solvent action for many substances such as oils, dyes, gums, and natural and synthetic resins.
Butyl Diglycol is used as a high-boiling solvent in nitrocellulose lacquers and other synthetic coatings, baking lacquers, flash-dry printing inks, and dye bath.

Uses
Butyl Diglycol is widely used as a solvent for cellulose ester, lacquers, varnishes, cleaners, detergents, dyes, ink, and paint industries.
Butyl Diglycol is also used as an intermediate for plasticizers and a diluent for hydraulic brake fluids, in addition to the production of piperonyl butoxy compounds.
In France, its use in the cosmetics industry is permissible, wherein Butyl Diglycol is used as a solvent in hair dyes with a maximum concentration of 9%.
Butyl Diglycol has a wide variety of applications in Chiral chemistry and green chemistry.

Butyl Diglycol is also used in cosmetics.
Butyl Diglycol is used as diluents and leveling agents in the manufacture of paints and in baking.
Butyl Diglycol is also used in the manufacture of nitrocellulose.
In brake fluid, Butyl Diglycol is used as an additive.
Butyl Diglycol is used in the printing industry due to its slow evaporation rate.
Butyl Diglycol is also used as a fixative for perfumes and antiseptics.
Butyl Diglycol is used as an additive to prevent ice buildup in jet fuel.

Reactivity Profile
Butyl Diglycol is a ether-alcohol derivative.
The ether being relatively unreactive.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Health Hazard
Butyl Diglycol is an eye irritant.
Butyl Diglycol showed low toxicity in test species.
Toxic symptoms are similar to those ofother glycol ethers containing two etherealoxygen atoms.
Inhalation for brief periods has no significant effect.
Contact with liquid causes moderate irritation of eyes and corneal injury.
Prolonged contact with skin causes only minor irritation.
The high dosescaused pulmonary congestion.
No renaldamage was reported.
There is no reporton teratogenicity of this compound.

Contact allergens
Butyl Diglycol belongs to the carbitols group and is included in waterbased liquids such as paints, surface cleaners, polishes, and disinfectants.
Butyl Diglycol is considered to be an exceptional allergen.

Production
Butyl Diglycol is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide and n-butanol with an alkalic catalyst.
In pesticide products, Butyl Diglycol acts as an inert ingredient as a deactivator for formulation before the crop emerges from the soil and as a stabilizer.
Butyl Diglycol is also a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, and piperonyl acetate, and as a solvent in high baked enamels.
Other applications of Butyl Diglycol are as a dispersant for vinyl chloride resins in organosols, a diluent for hydraulic brake fluids, and a mutual solvent for soap, oil, and water in household cleaners.
The textile industry uses Butyl Diglycol as a wetting-out solution.
Butyl Diglycol is also a solvent for nitrocellulose, oils, dyes, gums, soaps, and polymers.
Butyl Diglycol is also used as coupling solvent in liquid cleaners, cutting fluids, and textile auxiliaries.
In the printing industry, Butyl Diglycol applications include: solvent in lacquers, paints, and printing inks; high boiling point solvent to improve gloss and flow properties; and used as a solubilizer in mineral oil products.

Synonyms
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol
112-34-5
Butyldiglycol
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER
Butyl carbitol
Diethylene glycol butyl ether
Butoxydiglycol
Butyl diglycol
Butyl dioxitol
Butyl digol
Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-
Butoxyethoxyethanol
BUCB
Dowanol DB
Glycol ether DB
Jeffersol db
Ektasolve DB
Butoxydiethylene glycol
Diglycol monobutyl ether
O-Butyl diethylene glycol
Diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether
Butoxy diethylene glycol
Diethylene glycol n-butyl ether
Diethylene gylcol monobutyl ether
Caswell No. 121B
Caswell No. 125H
NSC 407762
CCRIS 5321
HSDB 333
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, monobutyl ether
Monobutyl diethylene glycol ether
EINECS 203-961-6
UNII-9TB90IYC0E
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 011502
BRN 1739225
9TB90IYC0E
2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol
2-(2-n-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol
AI3-01954
DTXSID8021519
NSC-407762
EC 203-961-6
DTXCID001519
n-Butyl carbitol
Diethylene glycol butyl ether, >=99%
3,6-Dioxadecanol
CAS-112-34-5
2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol
3,6-Dioxa-1-decanol
Butadigol
Butyl di-icinol
Diethylene DB
DEGBE
DGBE
Ethanol 2-butoxyethoxy
C(COCCO)OCCCC
DME (CHRIS Code)
Butyl Oxitol glycol ether
2-(n-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol
2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol
SCHEMBL15619
BUTOXYDIGLYCOL [INCI]
Diethylene glycol butyl ester
Ethanol, 2-(butoxyethoxy)-
diethyleneglycol monobutylether
diethyleneglycol n-butyl ether
WLN: Q2O2O4
2- (2- butoxyethoxy)ethanol
diethyleneglycol monobutyl ether
Etanol, 2-(2-butoxietoxi)-
CHEMBL1904721
diethylene glycol-monobutyl ether
2 - (2 - butoxyethoxy)ethanol
Tox21_202404
Tox21_300084
DECAN-1-OL, 3,6-DIOXA-
Ethanol,2'-oxybis-, monobutyl ether
LS-551
MFCD00002881
NSC407762
ther de dithylne glycol monobutylique
AKOS009156535
ETHANOL, 2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 98%
NCGC00164235-01
NCGC00164235-02
NCGC00164235-03
NCGC00253937-01
NCGC00259953-01
B0699
FT-0624889
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER [MI]
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade
EN300-206638
F71187
A802556
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER [HSDB]
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER BUTYL DIGOL
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, >=98.0% (GC)
J-002756
J-519970
Q1018210
Diethylene glycol butyl ether, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
Butoxyethoxy)-ethanol, 2-(2-; (Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether)
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, for surfactant analysis, >=99.0%

Butyl Diglycol Acetate is slightly soluble in water.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a clear, colorless liquid that has a faint, mild odor and the formula C10H20O4.


CAS Number: 124-17-4
EC Number: 204-685-9
Molecular Formula: C10H20O4


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is miscible with organic solvents.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate (also known as BDGA, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, butyl diethoxol acetate, and butyl diglycol) is a clear, colourless liquid which has a faint, mild ester type odour and the formula C10H20O4.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate serves as a high-boiling solvent, levelling agent and coalescent in paints and lacquers and printing inks.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate (also known as BDGA, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, butyl diethoxol acetate, and butyl diglycol) is a clear, colourless liquid which has a faint, mild odour and the formula C10H20O4.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is slightly soluble in water and is miscible with organic solvents.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a clear colourless liquid with a mild ester odour.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate has a high boiling point, low volatility and is slightly hygroscopic.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is miscible with a wide range of organic solvents but only miscible with water within certain limits.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate contains both ether bonds and ester groups, and therefore displays the reactions that are characteristic of both, and it possesses their excellent solvent power.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is capable of dissolving natural and synthetic resins, plasticizers, waxes, fats and oils, particularly at elevated temperatures.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate hydrolyses rapidly in alkaline and acid media but more slowly in the presence of water.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a clear, colorless liquid that has a faint, mild odor and the formula C10H20O4.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is slightly soluble in water and is miscible with organic solvents
Butyl Diglycol Acetate can also be called diethylene glycol monobutyl ether or diethoxol acetate.


Its abbreviation is Butyl Diglycol Acetate and it is a chemical compound that belongs in carboxylic acid esters group.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate can initiate reactions with characteristics of ethers and esters due to ether bridges and ester groups.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate has fruity and delicate scent.


Although it dissolves in water in low amounts, Butyl Diglycol Acetate may be mixed in any amount with other organic solvents.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is transported in steel drums.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is not classified as dangerous for any form of transport.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate has a flash point of 124° C (closed cup) and a specific gravity of 0.98.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a colorless & slightly odored solvent with the formula of C10H20O4.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate floats and mixes slowly with water.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a clear, colourless liquid with a faint, mild odour.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is slightly soluble in water and is miscible with organic solvents.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a clear, colourless liquid with a faint, mild odour.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is slightly soluble in water and is miscible with organic solvents.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate partially dissolves in water and can mix with organic solvents.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a chemical commonly used as a solvent, it is the acetate of 2-butoxyethanol which appears as a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate floats and mixes slowly with water and Its molecular formula is C10H20O4.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is an organic compound that belongs to the carboxylic acid esters and is important for various industrial applications.


To produce Butyl Diglycol Acetate, acetic acid or acetic anhydride is esterified with diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate (also known as BDGA, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, butyl diethoxol acetate, and butyl diglycol) is a clear, colourless liquid which has a faint, mild odour and the formula C10H20O4.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is slightly soluble in water and is miscible with organic solvents.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a non hazardous, clear colourless solvent with a faint odour.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate has a high boiling point with flash point of 102° C.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is slightly soluble in water and miscible with other solvents.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate (also known as BDGA, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, butyl diethoxol acetate, and butyl diglycol) is a clear, colourless liquid which has a faint, mild odour and the formula C10H20O4.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is slightly soluble in water and is miscible with organic solvents.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a clear colourless liquid with a mild ester odour.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate has a high boiling point, low volatility and is slightly hygroscopic.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is miscible with a wide range of organic solvents but only miscible with water within certain limits.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate contains both ether bonds and ester groups, and therefore displays the reactions that are characteristic of both, and it possesses their excellent solvent power.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is capable of dissolving natural and synthetic resins, plasticizers, waxes, fats and oils, particularly at elevated temperatures.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate hydrolyses rapidly in alkaline and acid media but more slowly in the presence of water.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is slightly soluble in water and is miscible with organic solvents.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE:
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is mostly used in dyes, cleaning liquids, coatings and inks.
In coating industry, Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used as latex connective for water-based industrial coatings.
In dyeing business, Butyl Diglycol Acetate works as high boiling solvent and agalizator and it is used as connective for stains.


For cleaning liquids, Butyl Diglycol Acetate is an effective solvent and in electronics, it is marketed as a cleaning product.
In ink industry, Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a commonly used solvent for special inks.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is also used in wood stains and furniture stains.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate can also be used as a plasticizer.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is mainly used as a solvent in paints, cleaning fluids, coatings and inks.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is an effective cleaning solvent in the electronics industry and also acts as a carrier for dyes in wood stains and polishes.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is mainly used in the paints, coatings and printing inks industries where it serves as a high-boiling solvent, levelling agent, coalescent and flow improver in paints, emulsions, lacquers and textured finishes, and in inks, primarily for screen printing.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used to retard drying in paint.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used as a solvent for dyes in wood stains and furniture polishes, in ballpoint pastes, sealants and adhesives and is also a component in some cleaners.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in small amounts in the processing of PVC plastisols where a low concentration serves to lower initial viscosity.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate also retards the thickening of PVC pastes during storage.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used as a solvent for oils, resins, lacquers, gums, antibiotic extractions, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl acetate, printing inks, high-bake enamels, cellulose nitrate, and polymeric coatings.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is also used as a plasticizer in lacquers and coatings, a coalescing aid for emulsions and latex paints, an extracting agent for separating alcohols and ketones, a solvent in silk-screen inks, and a component in polystyrene coatings for decals.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate was formerly used as an insect repellant.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used as a solvent for dyes in wood stains, furniture polishes and for ballpoint pastes.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is also an important coalescent in paints and lacquers.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in Paint and Automotive Care.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used as an analyte in the study of rapid gas chromatography-​mass spectrometry screening method for human pharmaceuticals, hormones, antioxidants and plasticizers in water.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate serves as a plasticizer for paints, varnishes and coatings.


In addition, Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in industry as a solvent for cellulose nitrate, polymeric coatings, waxes, resins, rubber, and oils.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is also used as a cleaning agent.
Areas of application of Butyl Diglycol Acetate: Used as a softener, solvent and cleaning agent.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is mainly used in the paints, coatings and printing inks industries.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used as a solvent for dyes in wood stains and furniture polishes.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in ballpoint pastes.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in small amounts in the processing of PVC plastisols
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in the following products: inks and toners, coating products, adhesives and sealants and leather treatment products.
Other release to the environment of Butyl Diglycol Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.


Other release to the environment of Butyl Diglycol Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used as component in some cleaners.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in the following products: inks and toners, adhesives and sealants, coating products, laboratory chemicals, leather treatment products and plant protection products.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction, agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work and scientific research and development.


Other release to the environment of Butyl Diglycol Acetate is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is also a suitable solvent for dyes used in wood stains and furniture polishes.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in the sector of construction chemicals.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, adhesives and sealants, leather treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers and washing & cleaning products.


Release to the environment of Butyl Diglycol Acetate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of the substance.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, adhesives and sealants, laboratory chemicals and leather treatment products.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and scientific research and development.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles, textile, leather or fur and furniture.
Release to the environment of Butyl Diglycol Acetate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.


Release to the environment of Butyl Diglycol Acetate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.
The main application for Butyl Diglycol Acetate is as a solvent in formulations for paints, cleaning fluids, coatings, and inks.
In the coatings industry, Butyl Diglycol Acetate is utilized as latex coalescent for water-based industrial coatings.


In the paint industry, Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a high boiling solvent and leveling agent, and a coalescent in paints and lacquers.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is an effective solvent for cleaning fluids and is now marketed as a cleaning agent in the electronics industry.
In the ink industry, Butyl Diglycol Acetate is valued as a solvent for specialty printing inks and for ball point pen pastes.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used in the sectors of cleaning liquids, layering and ink.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate acts as a solvent, leveling agent and coalescent.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate exhibits compatibility with numerous resins, dyes, waxes, fats and oils.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate improves the flow out of many finishes, even in low concentrations.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate hydrolyzes slowly in the presence of water but more rapidly in alkaline and acid media.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate may react with atmospheric oxygen to form peroxides.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate lowers the initial viscosity of PVC plastisols to facilitate processing.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used for paints and lacquers (including emulsion paints and textured finishes) and printing inks (screen printing inks), dyes in wood stains and furniture polishes.


Butyl Diglycol Acetate is a non hazardous solvent with key applications in the printing, inks and paints industry.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is used a coalescent in paints, an effective cleaning agent and a carrier for dyes.
Butyl Diglycol Acetate exhibits free miscibility with most common organic solvents but limited miscibility with water.



HOW IS BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE PRODUCED?
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is produced by reacting ethylene oxide with anhydrous n-butyl alcohol to form diethylene glycol butyl ether.
The ether is then reacted with acetic acid to form butyl diglycol acetate.



PRODUCTION OF BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE:
Butyl Diglycol Acetate is generally produced by reaction of ethylene oxide and ahydrous n-butyl alcohol.
Then, these ethers are handled by acetic acid in order to create butyl di glycol acetate.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE:
Molecular Weight: 204.26 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 204.13615911 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 204.13615911 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 44.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 136
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS No.: 124-17-4
Molecular Formula: C10H20O4
InChIKeys: InChIKey=VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 204.26
Exact Mass: 204.26
EC Number: 204-685-9
UNII: U6UTS77LXB
ICSC Number: 0789
NSC Number: 6570|5175
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9027021

Color/Form: Colorless liquid
HScode: 2915390090
PSA: 44.8
XLogP3: 1.1
Appearance: Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Density: 0.985 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point: -32 °C
Boiling Point: 245 °C @ Press: 760 Torr
Flash Point: 105 °C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.426
Water Solubility: Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 6.5
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place.
Keep container closed when not in use.
Vapor Pressure: 0.04 mm Hg at 20 deg C
Vapor Density: Relative vapour density (air = 1): 7.0
Flammability characteristics:
Lower flammable limit: 0.76% by volume;
Upper flammable limit:5.0% by volume
Explosive limit: Explosive limits , vol% in air: 0.6-10.7
Odor: MILD, NOT UNPLEASANT ODOR
Taste: BITTER TASTE
Henrys Law Constant:
Henry's Law constant = 1.65X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Air and Water Reactions: Water soluble.
Reactive Group: Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters,
Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters
CAS numbe: 124-17-4
EC number: 204-685-9
Hill Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O₄
Molar Mass: 204.27 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 39 00
Boiling point: 244 - 250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.978 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.0 - 5.3 %(V)
Flash point: 102 °C
Ignition temperature: 290 °C
Melting Point: -32 °C
pH value: 3 - 4 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.005 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility :64 g/l
General Properties: colorless liquid
Odor: fruity
Intensity: 0,98 g/cm3
Boiling point: 246 °C
Melting point: -32 °C
Flash point: 0,98 °C
Vapor pressure: <0,01 hPa (20 ° C)
Refraction index: 1,4260 (20 ° C)
Solubility (aqueous) 64 g/L 20°C



FIRST AID MEASURES of BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BUTYL DIGLYCOL ACETATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate
124-17-4
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate
BUTYL CARBITOL ACETATE
Butoxyethoxyethyl acetate
Butyl diglycol acetate
Glycol ether DB aceatate
Diglycol monobutyl ether acetate
Ektasolve DB acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol acetate
Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-, acetate
Butyl diethylene glycol acetate
Butylkarbitolacetat
Diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate
Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-, 1-acetate
Diethyleneglycol monobutyl ether acetate
NSC 5175
Acetic acid 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl ester
Diethylene glycol, monobutyl ether, acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethylester kyseliny octove
diethyleneglycolmonobutyletheracetate
U6UTS77LXB
Diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether acetate
DTXSID9027021
NSC-5175
NSC-6570
Diethylene glycol-monobutyl ether acetate
WLN: 4O2O2OV1
DTXCID707021
CAS-124-17-4
HSDB 334
EINECS 204-685-9
UNII-U6UTS77LXB
BRN 1771533
AI3-00170
DE Acetate
Butyldiglykolacetat
Diethylene glycol butylether acetate
1-Butoxy-2-(2-acetoxyethoxy)-ethane
EC 204-685-9
HYKLEEN 340
SCHEMBL48354
CHEMBL1892052
NSC5175
NSC6570
2-(2-n-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate
Tox21_201957
Tox21_303055
MFCD00009458
AKOS015901615
NCGC00164259-01
NCGC00164259-02
NCGC00257140-01
NCGC00259506-01
Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxy-ethoxy)-, acetate
LS-13896
D0499
FT-0624896
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, >=99.2%
acetic acid 2-(2-butoxy-ethoxy)-ethyl ester
J-505564
Q11856099
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER ACETATE
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate
Butyldiglycol acetate
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
InChI=1/C10H20O4/c1-3-4-5-12-6-7-13-8-9-14-10(2)11/h3-9H2,1-2H
BDGA, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, butyl diethoxol acetate, butyl diglycol.
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate
Butyl diethoxol acetate
(2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate
1-acetoxy-2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethane
2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanolacetate
2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate
acetic acid 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl ester
BDA (=butyldiglycolacetate)
BDGA (=butyldiglycolacetate)
butylcarbitolacetate
butyldiglycolacetate
butyldigolacetate
diethyleneglycolbutyl ether acetate
diethyleneglycolmonobroxyl ether acetate
diglycolmonobutyl ether acetate
ektasolve DB acetate
ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-, acetate
glycol ether DB acetate
DGBEA; Butyl diglycol acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate
Acetic acid 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl ester
Butoxyethoxyethyl acetate; Butyl carbitol acetate
Butyl diethylene glycol acetate
Diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate
Diethylene glycol, monobutyl ether, acetate
Diethyleneglycol monobutyl ether acetate
Diglycol monobutyl ether acetate
Ektasolve DB acetate
Glycol ether DB acetate
Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-, 1-acetate
Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-, acetate
DEGBEA
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethylacetate
Butyldiglycol acetate
Acetic 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl ester
Diethylene glycol monobutylether acetate
Butyl "carbitol" acetate
Diglycol monobutyl ether acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol acetate
Diethyleneglycol monobroxyl ether acetate
1-Acetoxy-2-2-butoxy-ethoxy-ethane
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethylacetat
Butyldiglykolacetat
BDGA
Diethylenglykolbutyletheracetat
DEGBEA
Butylcarbitolacetat
Butyldioxitolacetat
Diethylenglkyolmonobutyletheracetat
Butyl diglycol acetate
BUTYL CARBITOL ACETATE
Butyldiglycolacetate(BDGA)
2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethylacetate
Butyldiglycolacetate
Diethyleneglycol-n-butyletheracetate
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate
Butyldiglykolacetat
Diethyleneglycol monobutylether acetate
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate
2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethel acetate
Glycol Ether DB Acetate
2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol acetate
Diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol Acetate
2-(2-n-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl Acetate
ABG
Butasol V
Butoxyethoxyethyl Acetate
Butyl Carbitol Acetate
Butyl Diethylene Glycol Acetate
Butyl Diglycol Acetate
DE Acetate
Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether Acetate
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Acetate
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate
Diglycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate
Hykleen 340
NSC 5175
NSC 6570
Butyl diethoxol
Butyl carbitol
Butyl dioxitol
Butyl diicinol
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) ethanol
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
Diethylene glycol butyl ether
DEGBE

Butyldiglycol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; 1-n-butoxy-3-oxabutan-5-ol; 1-normal-butoxy-3-oxabutan-5-ol; 2-(2-n-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-(2-normal-butoxyethoxy)ethanol / 2-(beta-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-butoxyethoxyethanol cas no: 112-34-5

BUTYL DIGLYME Chemical Properties of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Formula of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) [CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2]2O Formula Weight of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 218.74 Form Colorless of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) liquid Melting point of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 60° Boiling Point of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 256° Flash Point of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 117°(243°F) Density of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 0.885 Refractive Index of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 1.4235 Storage & Sensitivity of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Ambient temperatures. Solubility Miscible with dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol and acetone. Immiscible with water. Applications of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Extraction of precious metals Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether is used as a solvent in Grignard reactions. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also used as solvents in gold refining, decorative inks for ceramics and digital inks. It finds application in electrochemistry, gas absorption, extractant and high boiling reaction medium. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also used in fuel, lubricant, textile and medicine. Notes of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids. Butyl diglyme (diethylene glycol dibutyl ether) is a high-performance solvent used in digital inks and decorative inks for ceramics. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is a safe and effective solvent for emissive applications. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter), also called diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, is a polar aprotic solvent with excellent thermal and chemical stability. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter), or glycol diethers, are a widely used family of saturated polyethers for increasing anion reactivity in a given system, thus affecting selectivity and reaction rates. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is one of the heavier ethylene oxide based BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) available commercially. Glymes BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter), or glymes, are aprotic, saturated polyethers that offer high solvency, high stability in strong bases and moderate stability in acid solutions. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) efficiently solvate cations, increasing anion reactivity, and thus can increase both selectivity and reaction rates. Most BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter)are water-soluble, but a range of solubility and boiling points are available. The polyether structure produces only weak associations between glyme molecules, and is responsible for the low viscosity and excellent wetting properties of these solvents. A further structural feature of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) that contributes significantly to their usefulness involves the arrangement of oxygen atoms, as ether linkages, at two-carbon intervals. The model of the BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) molecule (picture above) illustrates this periodic recurrence of oxygen atoms separated by two carbon atoms. This steric arrangement, analogous to that of crown ethers, gives BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) the ability to form complexes with many cations. Glycol diethers have a wide range of solubilities and boiling points. They are used as reaction solvents and in closed loop applications such as gas scrubbing and in refrigeration systems. The higher molecular weight BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) beginning with ethyl diglyme are suitable for emissive applications such as coatings, inks, adhesives and in cleaning compounds. The lower molecular weight BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) should not be used in emissive applications due to their reproductive toxicity. Pharma and fine chemicals synthesis of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Due to their high stability and solvency, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are widely used as reaction media for processes involving alkali metal hydroxides, sodium hydride, and alkali metals. Grignard reaction yields can be increased and purification costs reduced by using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as reaction solvents. Sodium borohydride at high temperature can be substituted for lithium aluminum hydride in some reductions. Carried out in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) sodium aluminum hydride can be prepared directly from the elements in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is the solvent of choice when preparing aryl sulfides via use of sodium tetrafluoroborate as a catalyst. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also a key to the efficient synthesis of the anti-AIDS drug Nevirapine. Preparation of urethanes, hydrogenations, condensations, oxidations, olefin insertions, oligomerizations of olefins, and addition reactions can be carried out in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as reaction medium. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are also useful as solubilizing agents, extractants and selective solvents. Methoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal can be prepared by electrochemical oxidation in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Aspartame was prepared by enzymatic catalysis in triglyme-water medium. Polymerization and polymer modification of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Catalysts of the Ziegler-Natta type for the polymerization of alpha-olefins are advantageously prepared as a slurry incorporating BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are additionally useful in removal of unreacted monomer in this type of polymerization. When BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is used to modify the Ti-AI-catalyzed preparation of a block ethylene-propylene copolymer, the physical properties of the copolymer are greatly improved. Similarly, conjugated dienes can be polymerized in the presence of metal-based catalyst mixtures containing BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Catalyst solutions for other types of polymerization advantageously use BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Monomers polymerized in the presence of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) include cyclosiloxanes, conjugated alkadiene, lactams, dicyclopentadiene, vinyl chloride, fluorinated acrylic esters and 1-octene. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are also useful in formulating storage-stable vulcanizing agents for urethane rubber. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and its copolymers are produced with improved properties by incorporating BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) into the finished product. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are useful in formulating rigid polyurethane foams with improved fluidity during molding and with improved bonding strength. The viscosity of polyols useful in the manufacture of polyurethanes can be reduced by means of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) without adversely affecting physical properties. Polyurethane coatings used to form pinhole-free films with good adhesive strength, applicable to electrical and electronic parts, utilize BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Isocyanates are processed and formulated using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) to yield isocyanurate and polyisocyanate prepolymers used in various polyurethane applications. Gold refining of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is a selective solvent for the extraction of gold from hydrochloric acid solutions containing other metals. Treatment of the extract with a reducing agent such as oxalic acid reduces the trivalent gold to gold powder. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) have the following high-performance properties:  Dissolve polar and non-polar contaminants  Very low odor compared to esters, ketones and monoethers  Choice of boiling point  Fully compatible with quats  Compatible with hydrocarbons AND water!  Run cleaning hot or cold and match requirements for solvent recovery  Use of higlyme (non-VOC) for heavy-duty water-based cleaning solutions  Optimized cleaning by using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) for more polar impurities  Use of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) for non-polar impurities and high temperature  Maintain ability to remove metal ions  Reduce surface tension Toxicity of lower BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Monoglyme, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) and ethyl glyme are only suitable for use in enclosed applications such as reaction solvents as they are recognized reproductive toxins. Higher BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter)s, such as ethyl diglyme, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter), tetraglyme, polyglyme and higlyme have lower acute and reproductive toxicity and are considered suitable for use in emissive applications. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is most commonly utilized as a high-performance solvent for both laboratory and industrial applications. It effectively solvates digital inks and decorative ceramic inks, since BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is stable enough to withstand the high temperatures of these applications. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also commonly used on small scales as an extraction solvent for gold from hydrochloric acid media, a process which results in an extremely high concentration of pure gold metal. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) can also be used as an intermediate in the production of siloxane-based adjuvants. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter)ALSO KNOWN AS dibutyl carbitol, dibutyldiglycol, diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, 2-butoxyethyl ether PACKING INFO of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Bulk tankers, totes, and drums APPLICATIONS of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Glycol ethers, with the combination of ether, alcohol and hydrocarbon chain in one molecule, provide versatile solvency characteristics with both polar and non-polar properties. The chemical structure of long hydrocarbon chain resist to solubility in water, while ether or alcohol groups introduce the promoted hydrophilic solubility performance. This surfactant-like structure provides the compatibility between water and a number of organic solvents, and the ability to couple unlike phases. Glycol ethers are characterized by their wide range of hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances. glycol ethers are used as diluents and levelling agents in the manufacture of paints and baking finishes. Glycol ether series are used in the manufacture of nitrocellulose and combination lacquers. They are used as an additive in brake fluid. They are formulated for dying textiles and leathers and for insecticides and herbicides. They provides performance in cleaners products with oil-water dispersions. They are used in printing industries as they have a slow evaporation rate. They are used as a fixative for perfumes, germicides, bactericides, insect repellents and antiseptic. They are used as an additive for jet fuel to prevent ice buildup. Thje term of cellosolve refers to BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) or a group of glycol ether solvent as below. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Chemical Formula of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter): C12H26O3 CAS No. of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter):112-73-2 Synonyms of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Diethylene Glycol Dibutyl Ether; Dibutyldiglycol Quality Specifications of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Purity of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 98.5% minAcidity (as Acetic Acid)100 ppm max Water content 500 ppm maxPeroxide content15 ppm maxSuspended Mattersubstantially freeColor15 APHA max Physical Properties of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) AppearanceColorless liquid with mild odorSpecific Gravity (at 20°C)0.88Bulk Density (at 20°C)7.36 lbs/galBoiling Point493°F (256°C)Freezing Point-76.4°F (-60.2°C)Flash Point243°F (117°C) Packaging of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 15 kg (33 lbs) pail180 kg (397 lbs) drum BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) (2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol) is an organic compound, one of several glycol ether solvents. It is a colorless liquid with a low odour and high boiling point. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is mainly used as a solvent for paints and varnishes in the chemical industry, household detergents, brewing chemicals and textile processing. Production and Use of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter)) is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide and n-butanol with an alkalic catalyst. In pesticide products, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) acts as an inert ingredient as a deactivator for formulation before the crop emerges from the soil and as a stabilizer. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, and piperonyl acetate, and as a solvent in high baked enamels. Other applications of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are as a dispersant for vinyl chloride resins in organosols, a diluent for hydraulic brake fluids, and a mutual solvent for soap, oil, and water in household cleaners. The textile industry uses BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as a wetting-out solution. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also a solvent for nitrocellulose, oils, dyes, gums, soaps, and polymers. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also used as coupling solvent in liquid cleaners, cutting fluids, and textile auxiliaries. In the printing industry, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) applications include: solvent in lacquers, paints, and printing inks; high boiling point solvent to improve gloss and flow properties; and used as a solubilizer in mineral oil products. Air & Water Reactions of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously. Insoluble in water. Fire Hazard of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Vapor may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Health Hazard of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Causes eye and skin irritation. Material is irritating to mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract. Reactivity Profile of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. Incompatible with nitric acid. May form salts with strong acids and addition complexes with Lewis acids. In other reactions, which typically involve the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond, relatively inert. Pharma and fine chemicals synthesis of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Due to their high stability and solvency, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are widely used as reaction media for processes involving alkali metal hydroxides, sodium hydride, and alkali metals. Grignard reaction yields can be increased and purification costs reduced by using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as reaction solvents. Sodium borohydride at high temperature can be substituted for lithium aluminum hydride in some reductions. Carried out in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) sodium aluminum hydride can be prepared directly from the elements in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is the solvent of choice when preparing aryl sulfides via use of sodium tetrafluoroborate as a catalyst. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also a key to the efficient synthesis of the anti-AIDS drug Nevirapine. Preparation of urethanes, hydrogenations, condensations, oxidations, olefin insertions, oligomerizations of olefins, and addition reactions can be carried out in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as reaction medium. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are also useful as solubilizing agents, extractants and selective solvents. Methoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal can be prepared by electrochemical oxidation in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Aspartame was prepared by enzymatic catalysis in triglyme-water medium. Polymerization and polymer modification of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Catalysts of the Ziegler-Natta type for the polymerization of alpha-olefins are advantageously prepared as a slurry incorporating BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are additionally useful in removal of unreacted monomer in this type of polymerization. When BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is used to modify the Ti-AI-catalyzed preparation of a block ethylene-propylene copolymer, the physical properties of the copolymer are greatly improved. Similarly, conjugated dienes can be polymerized in the presence of metal-based catalyst mixtures containing BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Catalyst solutions for other types of polymerization advantageously use BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Monomers polymerized in the presence of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) include cyclosiloxanes, conjugated alkadiene, lactams, dicyclopentadiene, vinyl chloride, fluorinated acrylic esters and 1-octene. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are also useful in formulating storage-stable vulcanizing agents for urethane rubber. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and its copolymers are produced with improved properties by incorporating BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) into the finished product. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are useful in formulating rigid polyurethane foams with improved fluidity during molding and with improved bonding strength. The viscosity of polyols useful in the manufacture of polyurethanes can be reduced by means of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) without adversely affecting physical properties. Polyurethane coatings used to form pinhole-free films with good adhesive strength, applicable to electrical and electronic parts, utilize BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Isocyanates are processed and formulated using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) to yield isocyanurate and polyisocyanate prepolymers used in various polyurethane applications.

DESCRIPTION:
Butyl glycol is soluble in some organic solvents and water.
Butyl glycol has High-boiling, low-volatility liquid with a mild odor that is used as a solvent and starting material for syntheses.
Butyl glycol is Excellent co-solvent in aqueous coating systems (water-based paints).

CAS number: 111-76-2
EC number: 203-905-0
Molecular formula: C6H14O2
Molar mass: 118.18 g/mol

Butyl glycol is an organic compound with the formula C6H14O2.
Butyl glycol has a sweet, ether-like odor as it comes from the glycol ether family and is a butyl ether of ethylene glycol.
As a relatively non-volatile, inexpensive solvent, it is used in many household and industrial product ingredients due to its properties as a surfactant.

Butyl glycol is glycol ether, which can be used as a common solvent.
Glycol ethers, in use since the 1930s, can dissolve both water-soluble and hydrophobic substances. Glycol ethers consist of two components, alcohol and ether.

According to the nature of alcohol, molecules in this class can be divided into two groups: E series and P series, which correspond to ethylene and propylene, respectively.
Glycol ethers are used because of their properties such as solubility, flammability and volatility.
Care should be taken when using butyl glycol, as it is a flammable substance.




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BUTYL GLYCOL:
CAS number: 111-76-2
EC index number: 603-014-00-0
EC number: 203-905-0
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄O₂
Chemical formula: C₄H₉OCH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 118.18 g/mol
Boiling range at 1013 hPa; 95 Vol.-%; 2 – 97 ml: 168 – 172 °C
Density at 20 °C: 0.8995 – 0.9020 g/cm3
Refractive index: nD20 1.4190 – 1.4200
Solidification point: 70.4 °C
Evaporation rate: 160
Enthalpy of combustion (Hc) at 20 °C: 32397 kJ/kg
Enthalpy of vaporization (Hv) at boiling point: 368 kJ/kg
Dipole moment (µ): 2.08 D
General Properties: luminous, colorless liquid
Odor: ether-like
Intensity: 0,90 g/cm3
Boiling point: 125,8 °C
Melting point: -77 °C
Flash point: 67 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,8 mmHg
Refraction index: 1.4196 nD
Solubility: (aqueous) completely miscible
Humidity 20: 0.952 – 0.955 g/ml
Water content: % 0.10 max.
Acidity: % 0.01 max.
Color ( Pt-Co): 15 max.



Butyl glycol is a colorless, liquid chemical which has high boiling point.
Butyl glycol can be mixed with both water and many other organic molecules.
Glycol is produced from ethers and thus, its scent is similar to ethers.

Butyl glycol is butyl ether of ethylene glycol.
Butyl glycol is commonly used in industry as it is cost efficient and relative non-volatile.
Butyl glycol is also a good surface active agent.

Butyl glycol is Colorless, neutral, slightly hygroscopic, mobile liquid with a mild odor.
Butyl glycol is miscible with water and common organic solvents in all proportions at room temperature.
Butyl glycol shows the reactions typical of an alcohol, such as esterification, etherification, oxidation and the formation of acetates and alcoholates.
Like most ethers, Butyl glycol forms peroxides in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.


PRODUCTION OF BUTYL GLYCOL:
There are two different methods to produce Butyl glycol.
One of these is reaction of butanol and ethylene oxide via a catalyst.
This is called ethoxylation reaction.
Other method is etherification of chloroethanol.

Butyl glycol is generally obtained by two processes.
First, etherification of butanol and ethylene oxide by ethoxylation reaction of butanol and ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst or etherification of butanol with 2-chloroethanol can be achieved in the laboratory by ring-opening 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolan with butyl glycol boron trichloride.
Butyl glycol is produced industrially by combining ethylene glycol and butyraldehyde with palladium on carbon, usually in a Parr reactor.









APPLICATIONS OF BUTYL GLYCOL:
As a low-volatility solvent, Butyl glycol can be used to extend the drying time of coatings and improves their flow.
Butyl glycol is especially recommended for paints for brush-application based on cellulose nitrate, chlorinated binders or cellulose ethers, because when Butyl glycol is applied to dry coatings, Butyl glycol only softens them very slowly.
Small proportions of Butyl glycol improve the brushability of, for example, alkyd resin paints and reduce their viscosity.

Butyl glycol is also an extremely efficient flow improver for urea, melamine or phenolic stoving finishes.
Butyl glycol has proved to be the most effective of a large number of organic solvents tested in a very wide range of aqueous coating systems.
In particular, Butyl glycol improves the properties of the paint by reducing the viscosity peak when oxidatively and physically drying water-based paints, including those for stoveenamelling, are diluted with water.

As a coalescing aid, Butyl glycol can significantly lower the minimum filmforming temperature (MFFT) and improve flow in many physically drying paint systems.
Butyl glycol improves the evaporation behaviour of the volatile constituents (e. g. in water-based stoving enamels) during hot-air or infrared drying.

Butyl glycol is used as Solvent in printing inks for leather dyes, etc.
Butyl glycol is used as Component in surface cleaners, e. g. to degrease metal surfaces.
Butyl glycol is used as Cleaners

Butyl glycol is used as Component in hydraulic fluids.
Butyl glycol is used as Component in drilling and cutting oils (strong solvent).
Butyl glycol is used as Starting material in the production of butyl glycol acetate which is also an excellent solvent.
Butyl glycol is used as Starting material in the production of plasticizers, e. g. by reaction with phthalic anhydride.

Butyl glycol is a glycol ether which possess surface active substance property and Butyl glycol dissolves in both water and organic substances.
Therefore Butyl glycol is a good solvent for dye, surface coating, cleaning products and ink.
Butyl glycol is used in dyes in large amounts due it being non-volatile.

Butyl glycol is commonly used in resins, asphalt seperating substances, fat solvents, polishes and varnishes.
Butyl glycol is the main compound of many domestic and industrial cleaning products.
Butyl glycol also has a wide field of use in oil industry.
Butyl glycol is an important compound of Corexit 9527, an oil spill dispersing product.

SECTORS BUTYL GLYCOL USED:
• Oil and drilling industry
• Cleaning products
• Paint industry
• Fire extinguishing
• Photography
• Cosmetics industry
• Agrochemical industry
• Construction and building industry



USES OF BUTYL GLYCOL:
Of the world's butyl glycol production, 75 is for paints and coatings and % 18 is for metal cleaners and household cleaners.
Butyl glycol is a solvent for paints and surface coatings, as well as cleaning products and inks.
Products containing butyl glycol include acrylic resin formulations, asphalt release agents, firefighting foam, leather protectors, oil spill dispersants, degreaser applications, photo strip solutions, whiteboard cleaners, liquid soaps, cosmetics, dry cleaning solutions, lacquers, varnishes, herbicides. , latex paints, enamels and varnish removers.

Products containing this compound are often found on construction sites, auto repair shops, printing shops, and facilities that manufacture sterilization and cleaning products.
Butyl glycol is used in textile dyes, waxes and resins because of its slight odor.
Butyl glycol is used in insecticides, herbicides and pesticides.
Butyl glycol is widely produced for the petroleum industry because of its surfactant properties.

In the petroleum industry, it is a component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers and oil lubricants for both water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing.
When fluid is pumped into the well, fracturing fluids are pumped under extreme pressure, so 2-butoxyethanol is used to stabilize them by lowering the surface tension.

Butyl glycol is also used to facilitate the release of gas by preventing freezing.
Butyl glycol is also used as a crude oil-water coupling solvent for more general oil well operations. Because of its surfactant properties, Butyl glycol is one of the main components of the oil spill dispersant Corexit 9527, which was widely used following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill.


Butyl glycol usage is dominated by the paint industry which consumes approximately 75% of all the BG produced.
This is because Butyl glycol is a low volatility solvent and can therefore both extend the drying times of coatings and improve their flow.
Other applications include use as a solvent in printing inks due to its high boiling point, textile dyes and as a component of hydraulic fluids.
Butyl glycol is also a component of drilling and cutting oils and is a major component of Corexit 9527, which is an oil spill dispersant product.

Butyl glycol is also a chemical intermediate and, as such, is a starting material in the production of butyl glycol acetate which is, itself, an excellent solvent.
Butyl glycol is also a starting material in the production of plasticisers by the reaction of phthalic anhydride.

Butyl glycol is used regularly in most households as it is a component of many home cleaning products.
Butyl glycol provides excellent cleaning power for domestic cleaning products and also provides the characteristic odour that we associate with them.
Butyl glycol also plays the same role in some industrial and commercial surface cleaners.

Butyl glycol is most commonly used as a solvent and coalescing agent in water-based paints, coatings and inks where it improves the flow of the products as well as extending their drying time.
Butyl glycol is also an efficient flow improver for urea, melamine and phenolic stoving finishes.
Butyl glycol is also favoured in many products due to its mild odour.

Butyl glycol acts as a solvent and coupling agent in many waxes, resins, oils and textile dyes, and is regularly used in many industrial, commercial and household cleaning products, where Butyl glycol offers good cleaning power as well as the odour typically associated with such products.

Butyl glycol is an important starting material for a variety of syntheses, being one of the raw materials for the production of butyl glycol acetate and for the production of plasticizers by reaction with phthalic anhydride.
Butyl glycol is also formulated into insecticides, herbicides, agricultural pesticides and cosmetic products, and is a component in hydraulic fluids and cutting and drilling oils.


Butyl glycol is a clear, colourless oily liquid with a high boiling point, low volatility and a mild fruity odour.
Like other glycol ethers, Butyl glycol has a bi-functional nature, containing both an ether and an alcohol group in the same molecule.
Butyl glycol is fully miscible with water and a wide range of organic solvents.
This excellent miscibility makes Butyl glycol a versatile solvent and coupling agent which offers excellent performance features in a wide range of applications.

Its bi-functional nature also means that is displays the typical reactions of an alcohol, ie. esterification, etherification, oxidation and the formation of acetates and alcoholates, as well as those of an ether, forming peroxide in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.

Butyl glycol is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide and normal butanol (n-butanol) in the presence of a catalyst.

Butyl glycol is a combustible material.
Keep Butyl glycol and any empty containers away from heat, sparks and flame.
Handle in accordance with good industry practices for safety and hygiene.

Its most common use is in water-based paints, because Butyl glycol prevents drying and cracking of the paint.
Butyl glycol usage is dominated by the paint industry which consumes approximately 75% of all the BG produced.
This is because Butyl glycol is a low volatility solvent and can therefore both extend the drying times of coatings and improve their flow.

Butyl glycol also has a softening effect.
Butyl glycol dissolves polyester and epoxy resin well.
Butyl glycol has fabric protective properties on leathers.

Butyl glycol is also used in the cleaning industry and cosmetics industry.
Butyl glycol is a good component in fire foam manufacturing.
Butyl glycol is an important starting material for a variety of syntheses, being one of the raw materials for the production of butyl glycol acetate and for the production of plasticizers by reaction with phthalic anhydride.
Butyl glycol is also formulated into insecticides, herbicides, agricultural pesticides and cosmetic products, and is a component in hydraulic fluids and cutting and drilling oils.


Industry Uses:
Butyl glycol usage is dominated by the paint industry which consumes approximately 75 % of all the BG produced.
This is because Butyl glycol is a low volatility solvent and can therefore both extend the drying times of coatings and improve their flow.

Other applications include use as a solvent in printing inks due to its high boiling point, textile dyes and as a component of hydraulic fluids.
Butyl glycol is also a component of drilling and cutting oils and is a major component of Corexit 9527, which is an oil spill dispersant product.

Butyl glycol is also a chemical intermediate and, as such, is a starting material in the production of butyl glycol acetate which is, itself, an excellent solvent.
Butyl glycol is also a starting material in the production of plasticisers by the reaction of phthalic anhydride.

Commercial Uses:
Butyl glycol is used regularly in most households as Butyl glycol is a component of many home cleaning products.
Butyl glycol provides excellent cleaning power for domestic cleaning products and also provides the characteristic odour that we associate with them.
Butyl glycol also plays the same role in some industrial and commercial surface cleaners.

Many other products contain butyl glycol including spray lacquers, varnishes, varnish removers, paints, liquid soaps, degreasers, leather protectors, whiteboard cleaners, printing pastes, enamels, cosmetics and herbicides.









SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BUTYL GLYCOL:
STORAGE & HANDLING OF BUTYL GLYCOL:
Butyl glycol should be stored under nitrogen.
The storage temperature must not exceed 40 °C and moisture are excluded.
Under these conditions, a storage stability of 12 months can be expected.

As soon as the original packaging is opened, the liquid comes into contact with ambient air and this will cause the formation of large quantities of peroxides and their degradation products.
Opened containers should therefore be used up as quickly as possible.
Butyl glycol is recommended to use nitrogen blanketing for bulk storage tanks.
Only dedicated storage tank and unloading facilities should be used.
Butyl glycol is classed as an irritant, therefore, great precaution and care must be taken during the handling and distribution process.

Hazards :
Butyl glycol, if in contact with your eyes, skin, throat, can be harmful and cause serious irritation. Ingestion, and skin contact, can produce headaches, nausea, and dizziness.
The wearing of PPE equipment is recommended to prevent the chances of skin content, swallowing and inhaling.

If contact is made, it should be immediately washed out of eyes, soapy water should be used to clean the skin and any clothing contacted should also be removed and replaced.
Medical support must be obtained in all circumstances, especially if the chemical is swallowed.

It has a National Fire and Protection Association health rating of 3, indicating that it can cause serious and even permanent injuries in critical conditions.
A fire rating of 2 indicates that a modest amount of high heat exposure is required for ignition to ensue; a flame or spark will easily cause an ignition.

Storage & Distribution:
Butyl glycol should be stored in a cool, dark place away from food and oxidants.
Butyl glycol is transported in carbon steel, stainless steel or teflon containers and can be moved in bulk or drums.
Butyl glycol has a specific gravity of 0.9 and a flashpoint of 60 °C (closed cup) and has been classified as harmful but is not classified as dangerous for any form of transport.

If a leak or spillage has occurred, Butyl glycol should be immediately isolated (up to 50 meters in a 360 angle) and the source should be eliminated (only if possible, without risk).
Personal protection equipment must be worn, specifically a respirator to filter out gases emitted from the spillage.

The leak should be soaked up by a non-combustible material such as earth and then collected in sealable containers.
Wash away remainder with water.

If it is a minor leak, then a more common approach can be taken including the use of kitchen towel.
This should then be burned away from the spillage.
The area must then be ventilated to ensure all vapours and gases are eliminated.
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF BUTYL GLYCOL:
2-Butoxyethanol
Butyl Cellosolve
Butyl Monoether Glycol
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether (EGBE)
Butoxyethanol
2-BE
2-butoxy-1-ethanol
2-n-butoxyethanol
2-normal-butoxyethanol
3-oxa-1-heptanol
A13-0993
beta-butoxyethanol
BGE
breaxit 8002
BUCS
butoxyethanol
butoxyethanol, normal-
butyl cellosolve
butylcellu-sol
butylescosolve
butylethyleneglycol, ortho-
butylglycol ether
butylglycol-cellosolve
butyljaysolve
butylmonoetherglycol
butyloxitol (=2-butoxyethanol)
Caswell No. 121
CHIMEC NR
COREXIT 7610
EGBE
EKTASOLVE EB
ethanol, 2-butoxy-
ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
ethylene glycol n-butyl ether
ethylene glycol normal-butyl ether
ethyleneglycolmonobutyl ether
ethyleneglycolmono-normal-butylether
ethyleneglycol-normal-butyl ether
GAFCOL EB
glycol ether EB
glycol ether EB acetate
glycolbutyl ether
glycolmonobutyl ether
jeffersol EB
minex BDH
monobutyl ether of ethyleneglycol
monobutylglycol ether
monoethyleneglycolmonobutyl ether
nbutoxyethanol
normal-butoxyethanol
O-butylethyleneglycol
ortho-butylethyleneglycol
POLYSOLVEB