benzophenone; Diphenyl ketone; Benzoylbenzene; phenyl ketone; Oxoditane; alpha-Oxoditane; Oxodiphenylmethane; Diphenylmethanone; alpha-Oxodiphenylmethane; cas no: 119-61-9

2-Benzoyl-5-methoxy-1-phenol-4-sulfonic acid; 2-HYDROXY-4-METHOXY-5-SULFOBENZOPHENONE; 2-HYDROXY-4-METHOXY-5-SULFONYLBENZOPHENONE; 2-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYBENZOPHENONE-5-SULFONIC ACID; 2-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYBENZOPHENONE-5-SULFONIC ACID HYDRATE; 2-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYBENZOPHENONE-5-SULPHONIC ACID; 5-BENZOYL-4-HYDROXY-2-METHOXYBENZENESULFONIC ACID; BENZOPHENONE-4; BP-4; HMBS; spectra-sorb uv 284; SULISOBENZONE; TIMTEC-BB SBB002961; UV ABSORBER HMBS; Uvistat 1121; 2-benzoyl-5-methoxy-1-phenol-4-sulfonicaci; 2-Hydroxy-4-Methoxy-5-Benzophenonesulfonicacid; 5-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzenesulfonicaci; Benzenesulfonicacid,5-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-; Benzophenone-4,sulisobenzone CAS NO:4065-45-6

Benzophenone 4 Sulisobenzone (benzophenone 4) is an ingredient in some sunscreens which protects the skin from damage by UVB and UVA ultraviolet light. Its sodium salt, sulisobenzone sodium, is also referred to as benzophenone-5. Properties of Benzophenone-4 Chemical formula C14H12O6S Molar mass 308.31 g/mol Appearance Light-tan powder Melting point 145 °C (293 °F; 418 K) Solubility in water 1 g per 4 mL BENZOPHENONE 4 is classified as : Uv absorber Uv filter CAS Number of Benzophenone-4 4065-45-6 EINECS/ELINCS No: 223-772-2 Restriction (applies to EU only): VII/22 COSING REF No: 32143 INN Name: sulisobenzone Chem/IUPAC Name: 5-Benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid What Is Benzophenone-4? Benzophenone-1, -3, -4, -5, -9 and-11 are compounds made from 2-hydroxybenzophenone. These compounds are powders. In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzophenone-1 and Benzophenone-3 are used mostly in the formulation of nail polishes and enamels. These Benzophenone ingredients are also used in bath products, makeup products, hair products, sunscreens and skin care products. Why is Benzophenone-4 used in cosmetics and personal care products? Benzophenone-1, Benzophenone-3, Benzophenone 4, Benzophenone-5, Benzophenone-9 and Benzophenone-11 protect cosmetics and personal care products from deterioration by absorbing, reflecting, or scattering UV rays. When used as sunscreen ingredients, Benzophenone-3 and Benzophenone 4 protect the skin from UV rays. Scientific Facts of Benzophenone-4: Benzophenone ingredients absorb and dissipate UV radiation, which serves to protect cosmetics and personal care products. As part of sunscreen products, which are OTC drugs in the United States, Benzophenone-3 (Oxybenzone) and Benzophenone 4 (Sulisobenzone) protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun. Exposing unprotected skin to UV light (primarily in the UV-B range) can result in sunburn and can promote premature aging of the skin and skin cancer. Odor of Benzophenone-4: characteristic Use of Benzophenone-4: Benzophenone 4 is a water soluble UVB absorber and is also commonly used to protect formulations from degradation due to UV exposure. In combination with UVA absorbers, it offers broad spectrum protection against UV radiation for skin and hair. Benzophenone 4 is approved by the FDA in concentrations of up to 10% and in Canada, is approved by Health Canada at the same concentrations. It works to filter out both UVA and UVB rays, protecting the skin from sun UV damage. The UV-filter substance, Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is widely used an ingredient in sunscreens and other personal care products,. It falls under the drug category of benzophenones. The benzophenones are a group of aromatic ketones that have both pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Benzophenones may be found organically in fruits such as grapes. Benzophenones are used as photoinitiators, fragrance enhancers, ultraviolet curing agents, and, occasionally, as flavor ingredients; they are also used in the manufacture of insecticides, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals and as an additive for plastics, coatings, and adhesives. As a group, benzophenones may be used to delay photodegradation or extend shelf life in toiletries and plastic surface coatings. Analyte: Benzophenone 4; matrix: chemical purity; procedure: dissolution in water; addition of dehydrated isopropyl alcohol; potentiometric titration with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to two endpoints Benzophenone 4's production and use as an ultraviolet absorber in cosmetics, sunscreens and shampoos and in leather and textile fabrics(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Benzophenone 4 will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase Benzophenone 4 will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Benzophenone 4 absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Benzophenone 4 is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 67. The estimated pKa values of the sulfonic acid are -2.4 and 7.6, indicating that this compound will exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Benzophenone 4 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. No relevant data were available to assess the importance of biodegradation in soil or water. If released into water, Benzophenone 4 is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon the estimated pKa values. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Sensitized photolysis may have some importance in natural waters exposed to sunlight. Occupational exposure to Benzophenone 4 may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Benzophenone 4 is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to Benzophenone 4 via dermal contact with this compound in consumer products, such as sunscreens and cosmetics, containing Benzophenone 4. Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 67, determined from a structure estimation method, indicates that Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is expected to have high mobility in soil. The estimated pKa values of Benzophenone 4 (BP 4) are -2.4 and 7.6, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C, determined from a fragment constant method. No relevant data were available to assess the importance of biodegradation in the environment. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C using a structure estimation method. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Phenols are susceptible to sensitized photolysis in natural waters exposed to sunlight through reaction with hydroxy and peroxy radicals(4); therefore sensitized photolysis may have some importance in the environment. An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for Benzophenone 4 (BP-4), using an estimated log Kow of 0.37 and a regression-derived equation. According to a classification scheme, this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices, the Koc of Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) can be estimated to be 67. According to a classification scheme, this estimated Koc value suggests that Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is expected to have high mobility in soil. The estimated pKa values of Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) are -2.4 and 7.6, indicating that this compound will exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). The estimated pKa values of -2.4 and 7.6 indicate Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-11 mm Hg, determined from a fragment constant method. In surface seawater samples collected from Folly Beach, South Carolina in the summer of 2010, Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) was not detected in any samples from four sites (detection limit 1 ng/L) while other UV filter compounds (avobenzone, octocrylene, octinoxate, and padimate-O) were detected at concentrations ranging from 10 to 2013 ng/L. According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 91,292 workers (38,820 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) in the US. Occupational exposure to Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) via dermal contact with this compound in consumer products, such as sunscreens and cosmetics, containing Benzophenone 4 (BP-4). In this study, /investigators/ evaluate the effects of benzophenone-4 (BP-4) in eleuthero-embryos and in the liver, testis and brain of adult male fish on the transcriptional level by focusing on target genes involved in hormonal pathways to provide a more complete toxicological profile of this important UV-absorber. Eleuthero-embryos and males of zebrafish were exposed up to 3 days after hatching and for 14 days, respectively, to Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) concentrations between 30 and 3000 ug/L. In eleuthero-embryos transcripts of vtg1, vtg3, esr1, esr2b, hsd17beta3, cyp19b cyp19a, hhex and pax8 were induced at 3000 ug/L Benzophenone 4 (BP-4), which points to a low estrogenic activity and interference with early thyroid development, respectively. In adult males Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) displayed multiple effects on gene expression in different tissues. In the liver vtg1, vtg3, esr1 and esr2b were down-regulated, while in the brain, vtg1, vtg3 and cyp19b transcripts were up-regulated. In conclusion, the transcription profile revealed that Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) interferes with the expression of genes involved in hormonal pathways and steroidogenesis. The effects of BP-4 differ in life stages and adult tissues and point to an estrogenic activity in eleuthero-embryos and adult brain, and an antiestrogenic activity in the liver. The results indicate that Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) interferes with the sex hormone system of fish, which is important for the risk assessment of this UV-absorber. Pharmacology of Benzophenone-4 (BP 4) Benzophenone 4 sunscreens, applied topically, protect the skin from these harmful effects of ultraviolet light by chemically absorbing light energy (photons). Correct use of sunscreens serves to reduce the risk of sunburn. Sunscreen agents prevent the occurrence of squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin when used mainly during unintentional sun exposure. No conclusion can be drawn about the cancer-preventive activity of topical use of sunscreens against both basal-cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma. Use of sunscreens can extend the duration of intentional sun exposure, such as bathing in the sun. Benzophenone's main metabolic pathway in the rabbit is by reduction to benzhydrol. A small amount (1%) is converted to p-hydroxybenzophenone 4 following oral administration to rats. A surface coating of benzophenones decreases the amount of UV radiation absorbed by the skin by limiting the total amount of energy that reaches the skin. Benzophenone 4 sunscreens, applied topically, protect the skin from these harmful effects of ultraviolet light by chemically absorbing light energy (photons). As this occurs, the benzophenone molecule becomes activated to higher energy levels. As the excited molecule returns to its ground state, the energy is released in the form of thermal energy. The hydroxyl group in the ortho position to the carbonyl group is believed to be a structural requirement for the benzophenones' absorption of UV light. This structural arrangement also contributes to the electronic stability of the molecule. Benzophenone 4 absorb energy throughout the UV range, although the maximum UV absorbance is between 284 and 287 nm for the 2-hydroxybenzophenones. Benzophenone 4 sunscreens, applied topically, protect the skin from these harmful effects of ultraviolet light by chemically absorbing light energy (photons). As this occurs, the Benzophenone 4 molecule becomes excited to higher energy levels. As the excited molecule returns to its ground state, the energy is released in the form of thermal energy. The hydroxyl group in the ortho position to the carbonyl group is believed to be a structural requirement for the Benzophenone 4's absorption of UV light. This structural arrangement also contributes to the electronic stability of the molecule. Thus, a surface coating of Benzophenones decreases the amount of UV radiation absorbed by the skin by limiting the total amount of energy that reaches the skin. Benzophenone 4 absorb energy throughout the UV range, though maximum absorbance is between 284 and 287 nm for the 2-hydroxybenzophenones. Benzophenone-4 is prepared via sulfonation of Benzophenone-3. The product is purified by precipitation from aqueous HCl, isolated by centrifugation, washed with acidic water, and dried. The maximum recommended levels of lead and arsenic impurities in Benzophenone-4 are /13 ppm and 1 ppm respectively/. The FDA Panel on Review of Topical Analgesics has proposed that Benzophenones-3, -4, and -8 are safe and effective as active ingredients in sunscreens for over-the-counter (OTC) use at the following concentrations: Benzophenone-3, 2%-6%; Benzophenone-4, 5%-10%; and Benzophenone-8, 3%. The Panel proposed these concentration limits on a combined safety and efficacy basis (a concentration limit may reflect maximum efficacy and not necessarily an indication of toxicity at a higher concentration). Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 3530 mg/kg [Rat]. This drug can cause skin and eye irritation. Drug-induced phototoxicity is a non-immunological inflammatory skin reaction, caused by concurrent topical or systemic exposure to a specific molecule and ultraviolet radiation. Most of the phototoxic compounds absorb energy particularly from UVA light leading to activated derivatives, which can induce cellular damage. Benzophenone 4s are ultraviolet light filters that have been documented to cause a variety of adverse skin reactions, including contact and photocontact dermatitis, contact and photocontact urticaria, and anaphylaxis. Recently, they have become especially well known for their ability to induce allergy and photoallergy. Topical sunscreens and other cosmetics are the sources of these allergens in the majority of patients, however reports of reactions secondary to use of industrial products also exist. Benzophenone 4s as a group have been named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year for 2014 to raise awareness of both allergy and photoallergy to these ubiquitous agents. The liver is the main target organ of benzophenone 4 toxicity in rats and mice, based on elevations n liver weights, hepatocellular hypertrophy, clinical chemistry changes, and induction of liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2B isomer. The kidney was also identified as a target organ of benzophenone 4 toxicity in rats only, which was based on exposure concentration-related increases in kidney weights and microscopic changes. To determine the frequency of irritant reactions to 19 organic sunscreen filters in current use. Ninety-four healthy volunteers were photopatch tested using the European consensus methodology to three different concentrations (2%, 5%, and 10%) of 19 organic sunscreen filters at the Photobiology Unit in Dundee, UK. Of the 94 subjects recruited, 80 were analyzed after withdrawals and exclusions. Of the 19 organic sunscreen filters studied, only 2 compounds led to irritant reactions in > or =5% subjects. Five per cent and 10% benzophenone-4 led to irritant reactions in four and six subjects, respectively. Five per cent methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol led to irritant reactions in six subjects, but unlike benzophenone-4, this was not in a dose-dependent fashion. When performing photopatch testing according to the European consensus methodology with these 19 organic sunscreen filters, a 10% concentration is suitable for all filters, except benzophenone-4, which should be tested at a concentration of 2%. Investigators/ tested the potential irritancy of Benzophenone-4 on six adult white humans. Patches containing 1% or 10% Benzophenone-4 in alcohol were applied to the subjects for 24 hours, after which time the patches were removed, the sites scored, and fresh patches applied. This procedure was repeated every other day, three days per week for seven weeks, until a total of 21 patches had been made. The mean cumulative irritation scores for 1% and 10% solutions were 8.6 and 53.1, respectively (maximum score = 84). The latter value is indicative of a primary irritant. Benzophenones-4 (BP4) and -11 were tested for potential skin irritation in separate single insult patch tests. Each ingredient was applied at concentrations of 16, 8, and 4% in DMP /dimethyl phthalate/ and in petrolatum to the skin of each of 14 subjects. At a concentration of 16% in either base, Benzophenones-4 and -11 were irritating to four and two subjects, respectively. Neither ingredient was irritating at concentrations of 4% or 8% in either vehicle. Acute Exposure/ A number of studies have determined the potential irritancy of Benzophenones to the eyes of rabbits. The test material (0.1 mL or 0.1 g) was instilled into one eye of each rabbit; the other eye served as an untreated control. Eyes were examined and scored for irritation daily for a period of three to ten days. Some test procedures included washing of the treated eyes with water four seconds after instillation of the test material. Results of eye irritation tests revealed that most Benzophenones at concentrations of 5%-100% were nonirritating when instilled into the eyes of rabbits. Benzophenones-1, -2, and -4 were slightly to moderately irritating at 100% concentration; however, ... Benzophenone-4 was irritating at concentrations of 8 and 16% in DMP /dimethyl phthalate/ or petrolatum, it was nonirritating when tested as a 5% solution in water. Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ...A 16-day cumulative test in rabbits /was used/ to study the irritation potential of Benzophenone-4. An alcohol solution containing either 10% or 1% Benzophenone-4 was applied uncovered to the depilated backs of six New Zealand albino rabbits. Twenty-four hours later the sites were scored for irritation, and the solution was reapplied. This procedure was repeated every other day for five weeks, until a total of 16 applications of Benzophenone-4 had been made. The average cumulative irritation score was then calculated (maximum score = 64); applications of Benzophenone-4 (10%) and Benzophenone-4(1%) produced scores of 3.6 and 0.3, respectively. In this work, /the authors/ evaluate whether in vitro systems are good predictors for in vivo estrogenic activity in fish. /Investigators/ focus on UV filters being used in sunscreens and in UV stabilization of materials. First, /investigators/ determined the estrogenic activity of 23 UV filters and one UV filter metabolite employing a recombinant yeast carrying the estrogen receptor of rainbow trout (rtERalpha) and made comparisons with yeast carrying the human hERalpha for receptor specificity. Benzophenone-1 (BP1), benzophenone-2 (BP2), 4,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone (bp-4), 2,4,4-trihydroxy-benzophenone, and phenylsalicylate showed full dose-response curves with maximal responses of 81-115%, whereas 3-benzylidene camphor (3BC), octylsalicylate, benzylsalicylate, benzophenone-3, and benzophenone 4 displayed lower maximal responses of 15-74%. Whereas the activity of 17beta-estradiol was lower in the rtERalpha than the hERalpha assay, the activities of UV filters were similar or relatively higher in rtERalpha, indicating different relative binding activities of both ER. Subsequently, /investigators/ analyzed whether the in vitro estrogenicity of eight UV filters is also displayed in vivo in fathead minnows by the induction potential of vitellogenin after 14 days of aqueous exposure. Of the three active compounds in vivo, 3BC induced vitellogenin at lower concentrations (435 ug/L) than BP1 (4919 ug/L) and BP2 (8783 ug/L). The study shows, for the first time, estrogenic activities of UV filters in fish both in vitro and in vivo. Thus /investigators/ propose that receptor-based assays should be used for in vitro screening prior to in vivo testing, leading to environmental risk assessments based on combined, complementary, and appropriate species-related assays for hormonal activity. Here /the authors/ report on acute and chronic effects of UV-filters 3-(4-methylbenzylidene-camphor) (4MBC), 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC), benzophenone-3 (BP3) and benzophenone-4 (BP4) on Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity increased with log Pow of the compound. The LC50 values (48 hr) of 4MBC, EHMC, BP3 and BP4 were 0.56, 0.29, 1.9 and 50 mg/L, respectively. A tentative preliminary environmental risk assessment (ERA) based on a limited set of data indicates that individual UV-filters should undergo further ecotoxicological analysis, as an environmental risk cannot be ruled out. Consequently new data on the environmental occurrence and the effects of UV-filters are needed for a more accurate ERA. When regarded as a mixture occurring in surface waters they may pose a risk for sensitive aquatic organisms. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2CO, generally abbreviated Ph2CO. It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is a widely used building block in organic chemistry, being the parent diarylketone. Uses of Benzophenone-4 Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) can be used as a photo initiator in UV-curing applications such as inks, imaging, and clear coatings in the printing industry. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) prevents ultraviolet (UV) light from damaging scents and colors in products such as perfumes and soaps. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) can also be added to plastic packaging as a UV blocker to prevent photo-degradation of the packaging polymers or its contents. Its use allows manufacturers to package the product in clear glass or plastic (such as a PETE water bottle). Without it, opaque or dark packaging would be required. In biological applications, Benzophenone 4 (BP-4)s have been used extensively as photophysical probes to identify and map peptide–protein interactions. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is used as an additive in flavorings or perfumes for "sweet-woody-geranium-like notes." Synthesis of Benzophenone-4 Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is produced by the copper-catalyzed oxidation of diphenylmethane with air. A laboratory route involves the reaction of benzene with carbon tetrachloride followed by hydrolysis of the resulting diphenyldichloromethane. It can also be prepared by Friedel–Crafts acylation of benzene with benzoyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid (e.g. aluminium chloride) catalyst: since benzoyl chloride can itself be produced by the reaction of benzene with phosgene the first synthesis proceeded directly from those materials. Another route of synthesis is through a palladium(II)/oxometalate catalyst. This converts an alcohol to a ketone with two groups on each side. Another, less well-known reaction to produce Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is the pyrolysis of anhydrous calcium benzoate. Organic chemistry of Benzophenone-4 Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is a common photosensitizer in photochemistry. It crosses from the S1 state into the triplet state with nearly 100% yield. The resulting diradical will abstract a hydrogen atom from a suitable hydrogen donor to form a ketyl radical. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) radical anion Main article: Air-free technique File:Making Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) radical anion.webm Addition of a solution of Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) in THF to a vial containing THF, sodium metal, and a stir bar, yielding the deep blue Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) anion radical. Playback speed 4x original recording. Alkali metals reduce Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) to the deeply blue colored radical anion, diphenylketyl: M + Ph2CO → M+Ph2CO•− Generally sodium is used as the alkali metal. Although inferior in terms of safety and effectiveness relative to molecular sieves, this ketyl is used in the purification of organic solvents, particularly ethers, because it reacts with water and oxygen to give non-volatile products. The ketyl is soluble in the organic solvent being dried, so it accelerates the reaction of the sodium with water and oxygen. In comparison, sodium is insoluble, and its heterogeneous reaction is much slower. When excess alkali metal is present a second reduction may occur, resulting in a color transformation from deep blue to purple: M + M+Ph2CO•− → (M+)2(Ph2CO)2− A solvent pot containing dibutyl ether solution of sodium Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) ketyl, which gives it its purple color. Commercially significant derivatives and analogues There are over 300 natural Benzophenone 4 (BP-4)s, with great structural diversity and biological activities. They are being investigated as potential sources of new drugs. Substituted Benzophenone 4 (BP-4)s such as oxybenzone and dioxybenzone are used in many sunscreens. The use of Benzophenone 4 (BP-4)-derivatives which structurally resemble a strong photosensitizer has been criticized (see sunscreen controversy). Michler's ketone has dimethylamino substituents at each para position. The high-strength polymer PEEK is prepared from derivatives of Benzophenone 4 (BP-4). Safety It is considered as "essentially nontoxic." Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is however banned as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration, despite the FDA's continuing stance that this chemical does not pose a risk to public health under the conditions of its intended use. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) derivatives are known to be pharmacologically active. From a molecular chemistry point of view interaction of Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) with B-DNA has been demonstrated experimentally. The interaction with DNA and the successive photo-induced energy transfer is at the base of the Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) activity as a DNA photosensitizers and may explain part of its therapeutic potentialities. In 2014, Benzophenone 4 (BP-4)s were named Contact Allergen of the Year by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Benzophenone 4 (BP-4) is an endocrine disruptor capable of binding to the pregnane X receptor. Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4)'s production and use in organic synthesis, as an odor fixative, as a flavoring, soap fragrance; in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, and as a polymerization inhibitor for styrene may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as an inert ingredient in nonfood use pesticides may result in its direct release to the environment. Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) occurs naturally in Merrill flowers. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.93X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days. Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) absorbs UV light at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) is expected to have moderate to low mobility based upon Koc values of 430 and 517. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. If released into water, Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 15 and 110 days, respectively. Measured BCF values of 3.4-9.2 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4) via ingestion of food and dermal and inhalation contact with consumer products or flowers containing Benzophenone 4 (benzophenone-4). About Benzophenone 4 Benzophenone 4 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 per annum. Benzophenone 4 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Consumer Uses of Benzophenone-4 Benzophenone 4 is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, leather treatment products and air care products. Other release to the environment of Benzophenone 4 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid. Article service life of Benzophenone-4 Other release to the environment of Benzophenone 4 is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints). Benzophenone 4 can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper used for articles with intense direct dermal (skin) contact during normal use such as personal hygiene articles (e.g. nappies, feminine hygiene products, adult incontinence products, tissues, towels, toilet paper). Widespread uses by professional workers of Benzophenone-4 Benzophenone 4 is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, air care products, pharmaceuticals and polishes and waxes. Benzophenone 4 is used in the following areas: health services, agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging. Other release to the environment of Benzophenone 4 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. mac

BENZOPHENONE-2, N° CAS : 131-55-5. Nom INCI : BENZOPHENONE-2. Nom chimique : 2,2',4,4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-028-9. Classification : Filtre UV Chimique. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Absorbant UV : Protège le produit cosmétique contre les effets de la lumière UV. 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone; 4-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)benzene-1,3-diol; bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone. 131-55-5 [RN]; 2,2',4,4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone; 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone; 205-028-9 [EINECS]; benzophenone-2; Bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanon [German] ; Bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone ;Bis(2,4-dihydroxyphényl)méthanone [French] ; Methanone, bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)- [ACD/Index Name]; 2, 2', 4, 4'-Tetrahydroxy Benzophenone (Benzophenone-2); 2,2',4,4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone;2,2',4,4'-hydroxybenophenone 2,2',4,4'-Tetrahydroxy diphenyl ketone; 2,2',4,4'-TETRAHYDROXYBENZOPHE; 2,2,4,4-tetrahydroxybenzophenone; 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxy-benzophenone; 2,2',4,4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone (en) 2,2,4,4-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 98+%; 2,2,4,4-tetrehydroxybenzophenone; 2,2',4,4'-Tetrehydroxybenzophenone; 2,2`,4,4`-tetrehydroxybenzophenone; 2,2’,4,4’-tetrahydroxybenzophenone; 2,2’,4,4’-tetrahydroxybenzophenone 97%; 2,2'4, 4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone; 2,2'4,4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone; 2,4,2',4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone; benzophenone, 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxy- Bis-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methanone; di(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone; di2,4-dihydroxyphenyl ketone; EINECS 205-028-9; Ethyl bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxylate ; Methanone, bis (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-; Oprea1_250768; Uvinol D-50; Uvinul D-50

Benzoquinone, a crystalline solid, is characterized by its white to light yellow color.
As a quinone derivative, it exhibits a cyclic structure with alternating double bonds.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has a pungent odor, contributing to its distinctive scent.

CAS Number: 106-51-4
EC Number: 203-405-2

Quinone, p-Benzoquinone, Cyclohexadienedione, 1,4-Cyclohexadienedione, Quinon, p-Benzoquinon, p-Chinone, p-Chinon, p-Ketohydroquinone, Hydroquinone, para-Benzoquinone, para-Benzoquinon, 1,4-Benzoquinon, p-Benzochinon, p-Benzochinone, p-Chin, p-Chinono, Quinone Q, USAF EK-5094, NSC 7599, 1,4-Benzoquinone, para-Chinon, Hydrochinone, Cekuol, Paraquinone, Sperma Quinone, Derma Quinone, 1,4-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, NSC 1176, 1,4-Benzoqui none, 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, para-Chinone, para-Chinon, Uterofluxan, USAN, Benzoquinone (UN2712), p-Benzoquinone (8CI), para-Quinone, NSC 22959, 1,4-Benzoquinon, NSC 7629, 1,4-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (VAN), 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 1,4-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, para-Quinon, Cyclohexadienedione, BZQ, p-Chinono, p-Benzochinon, p-Ketohydroquinone, 1,4-Benzoquinone, NSC 1483, NSC 76918, para-Benzoquinone, para-Benzoquinon, p-Benzochinon, NSC 31450, NSC 7588, NSC 77656, Paraquinone, 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, para-Chinone, para-Chinon, Uterofluxan, USAN, Benzoquinone (UN2712), p-Benzoquinone (8CI), para-Quinone, NSC 22959, 1,4-Benzoquinon, NSC 7629, 1,4-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (VAN), 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 1,4-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, para-Quinon



APPLICATIONS


Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is utilized in organic synthesis as a precursor for the production of various compounds.
Its oxidizing properties make it valuable in redox reactions, contributing to the synthesis of diverse organic molecules.

Historically, benzoquinone has been employed in photography as a developing agent for certain processes.
In the field of dye production, it serves as a key ingredient in the formulation of specific dyes.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) finds application in polymerization reactions, where it contributes to the formation of polymers.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has been explored for its potential role in biological studies and specific medical applications.
Due to its strong oxidizing nature, it is used as a reagent in various chemical transformations.
In some industrial processes, benzoquinone is employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals.

The oxidizing properties of benzoquinone make it a suitable candidate for use in certain analytical chemistry methods.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is a component in the production of certain medications and pharmaceutical compounds.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has been investigated for its role in fuel cells, where its redox properties are relevant.

Certain pesticides and herbicides may contain benzoquinone as an active ingredient.
In the realm of materials science, benzoquinone can be involved in the synthesis of functional materials.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has applications in the synthesis of antioxidants and compounds with biological activity.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is utilized in the production of specific types of adhesives and sealants.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) plays a role in the formulation of certain inks and pigments in the printing industry.
Its oxidizing properties make it valuable in the synthesis of certain types of resins and coatings.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is employed in the manufacturing of certain types of batteries.

In the field of analytical chemistry, it may be used as a reagent for detecting and quantifying specific substances.
Certain chemical processes in the agricultural industry involve the use of benzoquinone.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) can be utilized in the production of flavoring agents for the food industry.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may have applications in the synthesis of specialty chemicals for various industries.

Research continues to explore new applications and uses for benzoquinone in various scientific and industrial fields.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone)'s versatility in redox reactions contributes to its widespread applications across multiple industries.
Due to its unique chemical properties, benzoquinone remains a valuable component in the toolkit of organic chemists and industrial applications.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is employed in the formulation of certain types of hair dyes and colorants.
In the electronics industry, it is used in the synthesis of materials for electronic devices and components.
Certain types of adhesives used in woodworking may contain benzoquinone as a component.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has applications in the synthesis of certain antimalarial drugs.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is utilized in the manufacturing of certain types of high-performance plastics.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may find application in the production of specialty chemicals for the cosmetic industry.

Some chemical reactions involving benzoquinone are utilized in the synthesis of perfumes and fragrances.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) plays a role in the development of certain types of corrosion inhibitors for metals.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is explored for its potential use in the synthesis of conductive polymers.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has been studied for its application in energy storage devices and batteries.

In the production of certain types of paints and coatings, benzoquinone contributes to the formulation.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may be involved in the synthesis of certain types of optical brighteners.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is used in some laboratory procedures for its redox properties in chemical analysis.

The synthesis of specific types of antioxidants for food preservation may involve benzoquinone.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone)'s involvement in organic synthesis extends to the production of pharmaceutical intermediates.
It has applications in the production of specialty chemicals used in the textile industry.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is employed in the synthesis of certain types of insecticides.
In the realm of materials science, it is studied for potential applications in conductive materials.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may be utilized in the formulation of certain types of fuel additives.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) can be involved in the production of certain types of rubber additives.
Its oxidizing properties make it useful in the synthesis of certain types of reactive intermediates.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has been investigated for its potential applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may find use in the synthesis of certain types of specialty chemicals used in the automotive industry.

In some medical research, benzoquinone is explored for its potential applications in antiviral compounds.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is utilized in the production of certain types of dyes used in the textile and leather industries.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is utilized in the manufacturing of certain types of fungicides for agricultural purposes.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) plays a role in the synthesis of certain types of photochromic compounds used in eyewear lenses.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is explored in the production of certain types of hair care products for cosmetic applications.

In the pharmaceutical industry, it is involved in the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory drugs.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has applications in the synthesis of specific types of dyes for the textile industry.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is employed in the formulation of certain types of color stabilizers for polymers.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may find use in the production of certain types of photoinitiators used in polymerization reactions.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is studied for its potential applications in the synthesis of antifungal agents.
In the field of nanotechnology, benzoquinone is investigated for potential applications in nanomaterials.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is used in the formulation of certain types of adhesives and sealants for construction purposes.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone)'s redox properties make it valuable in the synthesis of certain types of redox mediators.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has been explored for its potential role in the development of photoactive materials.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may be involved in the production of certain types of antioxidants for rubber materials.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is utilized in the synthesis of certain types of photovoltaic materials for solar cell applications.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) plays a role in the synthesis of certain types of herbicides used in agriculture.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is investigated for its potential applications in the synthesis of luminescent materials.
In the field of environmental science, it may be used in certain analytical methods for pollutant detection.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is employed in the synthesis of certain types of antipsychotic drugs for medical purposes.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is explored for its potential applications in the development of conductive materials for electronics.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may be used in the synthesis of certain types of pigments for the cosmetic industry.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is involved in the formulation of certain types of toners for printing and photocopying applications.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may find applications in the development of certain types of antimicrobial agents.
In the field of catalysis, the compound is explored for its potential applications in catalytic reactions.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is utilized in the synthesis of certain types of corrosion inhibitors for metal protection.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone)'s involvement in redox reactions extends to its potential applications in electrochemical devices.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) finds application in the production of certain types of chemical intermediates used in various industries.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is used in the formulation of certain types of inkjet printer inks.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is explored for potential applications in the development of biosensors for analytical purposes.
In the field of biotechnology, it may be involved in the synthesis of certain biomolecules.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) plays a role in the development of certain types of photoresponsive materials.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is utilized in the synthesis of certain types of antioxidants used in the food industry.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is explored for potential applications in the synthesis of smart materials for responsive technologies.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may find use in the production of certain types of flame retardants for materials.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is involved in the synthesis of certain types of anticancer agents for medical applications.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may be used in the development of certain types of sensors for environmental monitoring.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is studied for potential applications in the synthesis of electrochromic materials.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) finds use in the formulation of certain types of oxidative hair dyes.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is explored in the production of certain types of color-changing materials for novelty items.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may be involved in the synthesis of certain types of conductive inks for printed electronics.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is used in the formulation of certain types of analytical standards for laboratory testing.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may find applications in the synthesis of certain types of crosslinking agents for polymers.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) plays a role in the development of certain types of chemiluminescent materials for diagnostics.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is explored for its potential applications in the synthesis of liquid crystal materials.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is used in the formulation of certain types of anticorrosive coatings for metal protection.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may be involved in the synthesis of certain types of light-sensitive materials for photography.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) finds application in the synthesis of certain types of therapeutic agents for disease treatment.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is utilized in the formulation of certain types of color-changing indicators for chemical analysis.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is explored for potential applications in the development of organic electronic devices.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) may find use in the production of certain types of photopolymer materials for 3D printing.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is studied for its potential applications in the synthesis of materials for catalytic processes.



DESCRIPTION


Benzoquinone, a crystalline solid, is characterized by its white to light yellow color.
As a quinone derivative, it exhibits a cyclic structure with alternating double bonds.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has a pungent odor, contributing to its distinctive scent.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is commonly recognized for its oxidizing properties in various chemical reactions.
Its molecular weight is approximately 108.10 g/mol, indicating a relatively light molecular mass.
With a melting point in the range of 115-117°C, Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) undergoes a phase transition when exposed to heat.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves readily in organic solvents such as acetone and benzene.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is known for its reactivity and participation in redox reactions, making it a versatile chemical in organic synthesis.
Under certain conditions, Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) can sublime at temperatures around 278°C.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has historical relevance in photography, where it was used as a developing agent.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is identified by its Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 106-51-4.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is an oxidizing agent and, therefore, requires careful handling to avoid undesired reactions.
In biological studies, benzoquinone has been utilized in specific applications and medical research.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is sometimes referred to by its IUPAC name, cyclohexadienedione.

Due to its strong oxidizing nature, benzoquinone may cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation.
Its quinone structure imparts distinctive chemical and physical properties to the compound.

In the realm of dye production, benzoquinone finds application as a precursor in certain formulations.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone)'s presence in certain reactions has been explored for polymerization purposes.
Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) is used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, contributing to the field of organic chemistry.
As an aromatic quinone, it plays a role in specific chemical processes, adding to its industrial significance.

Benzoquinone (1,4-Benzoquinone) has been subject to scientific research exploring its potential applications and reactions.
Benzoquinone, sometimes called para-benzoquinone, is part of the quinone family of chemicals.
Its physical appearance as a crystalline solid indicates a well-defined and structured molecular arrangement.

The European Community (EC) number for benzoquinone is 203-405-2.
Proper safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment, are essential when working with benzoquinone due to its irritant properties.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C6H4O2
Molecular Weight: 108.10 g/mol
Appearance: Crystalline solid
Color: White to light yellow
Odor: Pungent
Melting Point: 115-117 °C
Boiling Point: Sublimes at around 278 °C
Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents (e.g., acetone, benzene, and ether).


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: Six-membered carbon ring with alternating double bonds and two oxygen atoms in para positions.
Oxidation State: Exhibits a quinone structure with oxidized carbon atoms.
Reactivity: Strong oxidizing agent; participates in redox reactions.
Sublimation: Sublimes at elevated temperatures without undergoing a liquid phase.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of water.
Use a mild soap to cleanse the skin thoroughly.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.
Contaminated clothing should be removed and washed before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently but thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or pain persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If vomiting occurs and the person is conscious, keep the head lower than the chest to prevent aspiration.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and a laboratory coat.
Use respiratory protection if handling in an environment with inadequate ventilation.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to control airborne concentrations.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.
Handle with care to prevent spills or releases.

Preventive Measures:
Implement good industrial hygiene practices.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent contamination and evaporation.

Segregation:
Store away from reducing agents, combustible materials, and strong bases.
Segregate from materials that may react violently with oxidizing agents.

Labeling:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the product name, hazard information, and safety precautions.
Use appropriate warning labels indicating the oxidizing nature of benzoquinone.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store at room temperature.
Avoid exposure to excessive heat or direct sunlight.

Containers:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
Ensure containers are sealed tightly to prevent evaporation.

Stability:
Benzoquinone is stable under normal storage conditions.
Check for signs of degradation or contamination periodically.

Incompatibilities:
Avoid storage with incompatible materials, such as reducing agents, strong bases, and combustible materials.
Separate from substances that may react violently with oxidizing agents.

Emergency Equipment:
Have emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations and safety showers, readily accessible.
Keep appropriate firefighting equipment nearby in case of fire.

Spill and Leak Response:
In case of spills, use absorbent materials to contain and clean up the substance.
Follow proper procedures for disposal of contaminated materials.

Benzothiazyl disulfide is a cream to light yellow powder.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is a rubber chemical used as a vulcanization accelerant.


CAS Number: 120-78-5
EC Number: 204-424-9
MDL number: MFCD00022874
Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4



SYNONYMS:
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), 2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole, Thiofide, Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, Benzothiazyl disulfide, Altax, Benzothiazole disulfide, MBTS, Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, Benzothiazolyl disulfide, Vulkacit DM, Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide, Pneumax DM, Vulcafor MBTS, Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide, Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide, 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide, 2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE, Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Ekagom GS, Accel TM, 2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide, Vulkacit DM/C, 1,2-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane, Royal MBTS, Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-, Dibenzthiazyl disulfide, MBTS rubber accelerator, dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide, Vulkacit dm/mgc, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, 2-Benzothiazyl disulfide, Benzothiazole, dithiobis-, 2,2'-Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide, BTS-SBT, Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, 2,2-dithiobis(benzothiazole), Dithiobis(benzothiazole), Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether, 2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole, Naugex MBT, USAF CY-5, 2,2'-Dithiobis(1,3-benzothiazole), USAF EK-5432, CHEBI:53239, Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu, Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide, di(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide, 2,2'-Dithiobis-benzothiazole, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazoyl disulfide, 2,2'-Dithiobis[benzothiazole], NSC-2, DTXSID1020146, BI-87F4, 6OK753033Z, 1,2-di(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane, NCGC00091238-02, DTXCID70146, Caswell No. 408A, NSC 2, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyldisulfide, CAS-120-78-5, Benzthiazole disulfide, CCRIS 4637, HSDB 1137, Di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide, Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu [Polish], EINECS 204-424-9, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009202, BRN 0285796, Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, AI3-07662, 2,2'-Dithio(bis)benzothiazole, Sanceler DM, UNII-6OK753033Z, Perkacit MBTS, DBTD, dibenzothiazyl disulphide, Dibenzothiazole disulfide, dibenzo thiazyl disulfide, NSC2, Epitope ID:138947, Mercaptobenzothiazolyl ether, 2,2'-dithiobisbenzthiazole, EC 204-424-9, Benzothiazole,2'-dithiobis-, Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide, SCHEMBL23527, 4-27-00-01862 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), (benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide, (benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide, 2,2'-Dithio-bis-benzothiazole, 2,2?-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), CHEMBL508112, 2,2¡a-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide, bis(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide, bis(benzothiazole-2-yl)disulfide, bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide, Di-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-disulfide, Bis(benzothiazole-2-yl) disulfide, bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide, bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide, Tox21_111106, BDBM50444458, MFCD00022874, STK171119, MBTS (2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole), AKOS001022311, BIS(2-BENZOTHIAZYL) DISULPHIDE, Tox21_111106_1, 2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULFIDE, 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), 99%, AM91095, CS-W009852, DB14201, NSC-677459, DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [VANDF], NCGC00091238-01, NCGC00091238-03, 2,2'-DITHIOBISBENZOTHIAZOLE [MI], AC-11588, LS-14263, 2,2'-disulfanediylbis(1,3-benzothiazole), WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSS-CT56 BN DSJ, D0538, NS00005023, 2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [HSDB], D77699, EN300-7399114, SR-01000944767, 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yldithio)-1,3-benzothiazole, Q2795423, SR-01000944767-1, 1,2-Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide, 1,2-Bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane, 2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole, 2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide, 2-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, 2,2′-Benzothiazole disulfide, 2,2′-Benzothiazolyl disulfide, 2,2′-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2′-Dibenzothiazole disulfide, 2,2′-Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, 2,2′-Dithiobis-1,3-benzothiazole, 2,2′-Dithiobis[benzothiazole], Benzothiazole disulfide, Benzothiazolyl disulfide, Benzothiazyl disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide, Bis(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfide, DBTD, Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, Dibenzothiophene disulfide, Dibenzthiazyl disulfide, Altax, Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide, Benzothiazole disulfide, Benzothiazolyl disulfide, Benzothiazyl disulfide, Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, Ekagom GS, MBTS, MBTS Rubber Accelerator, Pneumax DM, Royal MBTS, Thiofide, Vulcafor MBTS, Vulkacit DM, Vulkacit DM/C, 2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-Dithiobis[benzothiazole], Accel TM, Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide, Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu, USAF CY-5, USAF EK-5432, Vulkacit DM/MGC, Dibenzothiazole disulfide, Dibenzthiazyl disulfide, Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether, Naugex MBT, Perkacit MBTS, 2-Benzothiazyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, Sanceler DM, di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide, MBTS, 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyldisulfide, 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), 2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide, 2-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide, Accel TM, Altax, Benzothiazole disulfide, Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-, Benzothiazolyl disulfide, Benzothiazyl disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide, Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide, Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide, Dibenzthiazyl disulfide, Dithiobis(benzothiazole), Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu [Polish], Ekagom GS, MBTS, MBTS rubber accelerator, Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether, Pneumax DM, Royal MBTS, Thiofide, Vulcafor MBTS, Vulkacit DM, Vulkacit DM/C, Vulkacit DM/MGC, [ChemIDplus] MBTS, [Marks, p. 98-9], Benzothiazyl disulfide, Altax, Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, MBTS, Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether, Naugex MBT, Thiofide, Vulkacit DM, Benzothiazole disulfide, benzothiazolyl disulfide, 2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide, bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide, dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide, mbts rubber accelerator, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide, royal mbts, Accel TM, Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Dithiobis(benzothiazole), Ekagom GS, Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide, Pneumax DM, Vulcafor MBTS, Vulkacit DM/C, di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazoyl disulfide, MBTS, Accelerator, 1,2-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane, DIBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULFIDE, benzothiazolyl, BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE, 2-BENZOTHIAZOLYL DISULFIDE, Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide, di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, altax, thiofide, dibenzothiazyl disulfide, benzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-dithiobis benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobisbenzothiazole, benzothiazole disulfide, mbts, pneumax dm, vulcafor mbts, W-200947, Z56754489, F0900-0449, 2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole #, 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyldisulfide, 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), 2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide, 2-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide, 4-27-00-01862 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), AI3-07662, Accel TM, Altax, BRN 0285796, Benzothiazole disulfide, Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-, Benzothiazolyl disulfide, Benzothiazyl disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide, Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide, CCRIS 4637, Caswell No. 408A, Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide, Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide, Dibenzthiazyl disulfide, Dithiobis(benzothiazole), Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu, Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu [Polish], EINECS 204-424-9, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009202, Ekagom GS, HSDB 1137, MBTS, MBTS rubber accelerator, Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether, NSC 2, Pneumax DM, Royal MBTS, Thiofide, USAF CY-5, USAF EK-5432, Vulcafor MBTS, Vulkacit DM, Vulkacit DM/C, Vulkacit DM/mgc, Altax, Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide, Benzothiazole disulfide, Benzothiazolyl disulfide, Benzothiazyl disulfide, Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, Ekagom GS, MBTS, MBTS Rubber Accelerator, Pneumax DM, Royal MBTS, Thiofide, Vulcafor MBTS, Vulkacit DM, Vulkacit DM/C, 2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-Dithiobis[benzothiazole], Accel TM, Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide, Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu, USAF CY-5, USAF EK-5432, Vulkacit DM/MGC, Dibenzothiazole disulfide, Dibenzthiazyl disulfide, Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether, Naugex MBT, Perkacit MBTS, 2-Benzothiazyl disulfide, Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, Sanceler DM, di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide, DM, MBTS, acceltm, Accel TM, AcceleratorDM, Acelerator DM, benzothiazolyl, AcceleratorMBTS, accelerator(dm), Accelerator (DM), Accelerator MBTS, Benzothiazyldisuflide, Rubber Accelerator DM, benzothiazoledisulfide, Rubber Accelerator MBTS, Benzothiazole disulfide, 2-benzothiazyldisulfide, Dibenzothiazole Disulfide, 2,2'-dithiobis-benzothiazol, Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide, 2,2'-Dithiobis(Benzothiazole), 2,2'-Dibenzothiazoledisulfide, 2,2-D ibenzothiazole Disulfide, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazole disulfide, Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-, 2-mercaptobenzothiazyldisulfide, 1,3-benzothiazole 1,1-disulfide, 2-mercaptobenzothiazoledisulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide, 2,2'-bis(benzothiazolyl)disulfide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, 2,2'-disulfanediylbis(1,3-benzothiazole), Rubber Pharmaceutical intermediate Refined(DM), 2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole



Benzothiazyl disulfide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is a pale yellow or cream to off-white odorless solid.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is a colorless to pale yellow powder.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is a pale yellow needles from benzene.
Sensitivity to Benzothiazyl disulfide may be identified with a clinical patch test.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is a cream to light yellow powder.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is an organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is an organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is a cream to light yellow powder.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is a rubber chemical used as a vulcanization accelerant.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is a premium pharmaceutical-grade chemical compound presented in white or light-yellow powder form.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used in the following products: polymers.


Other release to the environment of Benzothiazyl disulfide is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Other release to the environment of Benzothiazyl disulfide is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).


Benzothiazyl disulfide can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Benzothiazyl disulfide can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).


Other release to the environment of Benzothiazyl disulfide is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).


Benzothiazyl disulfide is used in the following products: polymers.
Release to the environment of Benzothiazyl disulfide can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials, in the production of articles, as processing aid and as processing aid.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.


Release to the environment of Benzothiazyl disulfide can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid, formulation in materials and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Benzothiazyl disulfide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is an accelerator used in the processing process for natural and synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is also a known allergen and dermatological sensitizer.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.


Benzothiazyl disulfide has a role as an allergen.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is an organic disulfide and a member of benzothiazoles.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is functionally related to a 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is used in the following products: polymers.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used for the manufacture of: rubber products.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is an accelerator used in the processing process for natural and synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is also a known allergen and dermatological sensitizer.
Sensitivity to Benzothiazyl disulfide may be identified with a clinical patch test.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is used as rubber accelerator, polychloroprene plasticizer/retarder, and neoprene retarder.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is also used for general mechanicals and white stocks.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used as cure modifier for neoprene type W and as oxidation cure activator in butyl.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is used for extruded and molded products, tires, tubes, wire, cable, and sponge.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used accelerator for natural rubber, nitrile-butadiene, butyl and styrene-butadiene rubber.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used retarder for chloroprene rubber. (MBTS)


Benzothiazyl disulfide has the potential to combat HPV, acting as a zinc-ejecting inhibitor.
Benzothiazyl disulfide also can act as radical polymerization photo-initiators or co-initiators.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used as a universal accelerator for natural rubber, synthetic rubber and reclaimed rubber.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is mainly used in the manufacture of tires, inner tube, adhesive tape, rubber shoes and general industrial products.
Rubber Industry uses of Benzothiazyl disulfide: Plays an essential role in the process of vulcanization.
Benzothiazyl disulfide can be used as accelerator for general rubber.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is also used as plasticizer in chloroprene rubbes.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.
The physiologic effect of Benzothiazyl disulfide is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity.


Benzothiazyl disulfide's industry uses also include fillers, fuels and fuel additives, intermediates, process regulator, propels and blowing agents.
The most frequent occupational categories of Benzothiazyl disulfide are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and building industries.


Benzothiazyl disulfide has the potential to combat HPV, acting as a zinc-ejecting inhibitor.
Benzothiazyl disulfide also can act as radical polymerization photo-initiators or co-initiators.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.


Benzothiazyl disulfide is an accelerator for natural rubber, nitrile-butadiene, butyl and styrene-butadiene rubber; a retarder for chloroprene rubber.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used automotive & Transportation — Automotive, Tires, Industrial — Chemical & Industrial Manufacturing.
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used equipment & Parts.


Other Industrial Applications of Benzothiazyl disulfide: Consumer Goods — Footwear, Industrial — Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul, Electrical & Electronics — Wire & Cable, and Other Wire & Cable Applications.


-Chemical Synthesis uses of Benzothiazyl disulfide:
Benzothiazyl disulfide is used significant in various chemical syntheses, acting as a key ingredient.
Assured quality, global availability, and consistent bulk supply form the cornerstone of Benzothiazyl disulfide offering, backed by a robust 10T monthly production capacity.



WHAT IS BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE AND WHERE IS BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE FOUND?
Benzothiazyl disulfide is an accelerator for natural rubber, synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.
Benzothiazyl disulfide's usage includes tires, hoses, rubber mats, tarpaulins, unveiled silk goods, wires, cables, and other ‘non-food’ use of rubber products.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of Benzothiazyl disulfide.



COMPATIBLE POLYMERS AND RESINS OF BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), Isobutylene-isoprene (IIR), Natural Rubbers (NR), Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), Polybutadienes, Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)



AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
Benzothiazyl disulfide is insoluble in water.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
Benzothiazyl disulfide is incompatible with strong oxidizers.



FUNCTIONS OF BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
Benzothiazyl disulfide functions prominently within the following sectors:
Pharmaceutical Industry uses of Benzothiazyl disulfide: Contributes as an integral ingredient in drug manufacturing.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
Benzothiazyl disulfide is a yellow amorphous powder



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
CAS Number: 120-78-5
Molecular Weight: 332.49
EC Number: 204-424-9
MDL Number: MFCD00022874
Beilstein Number: 0285796
XlogP3-AA: 5.60 (estimated)
Formula: C14 H8 N2 S4
Appearance: White powder or pellets (estimated)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 180.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 532.00 to 533.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (estimated)
Flash Point: 529.00 °F. TCC (275.80 °C.) (estimated)
logP (o/w): 5.769 (estimated)
Soluble in water, 10 mg/L @ 25 °C (experimental)
Physical State: Needles

Color: Light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 177 - 180 °C (literature value)
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: No data available
Flammability (Solid, Gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: No data available
Flash Point: No data available
Autoignition Temperature: Not auto-flammable
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Kinematic Viscosity: No data available
Dynamic Viscosity: No data available
Water Solubility: 0.088 g/L at 22 °C

Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Log Pow 4.5
Vapor Pressure: No data available
Density: 1.34 g/cm3
Relative Density: 1.5 at 19 °C
Relative Vapor Density: Not available
Particle Characteristics: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Safety Information: No data available
CAS Number: 120-78-5
Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4
SMILES: C1=CC=C2C(=C1)N=C(S2)SSC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4S3
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 332.472
ChEBI: CHEBI:53239
Percent Purity: ≥96.0% (HPLC, N)

Chemical Name or Material: 2,2′-Dibenzothiazolyl Disulfide
Melting Point: 178°C
MDL Number: MFCD00022874
UN Number: 3077
InChI Key: AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name: 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole
PubChem CID: 8447
Formula Weight: 332.47
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4
Molar Mass: 332.49 g/mol
Density: 1.467 g/cm3
Melting Point: 177-180°C
Boiling Point: 358.898°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 170.855°C

Water Solubility: Vapor Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: Crystallization
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Sensitivity: Easily absorbing moisture
Refractive Index: 1.752
MDL Number: MFCD00022874
Physical and Chemical Properties: Density 1.5, melting point 177-180°C, flash point 271°C, water-soluble <0.01g/100 mL at 21°C
CAS Number: 120-78-5
EINECS Number: 204-424-9
InChI: InChI=1/C14H8N2S4/c1-3-7-11-9(5-1)15-13(17-11)19-20-14-16-10-6-2-4-8-12(10)18-14/h1-8H
CBNumber: CB7154687
Molecular Weight: 332.49 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD00022874
MOL File: 120-78-5.mol

Melting point: 177-180 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 532.5±33.0 °C (Predicted)
Density: 1.5
Vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25 °C
Refractive index: 1.5700 (estimate)
Flash point: 271 °C
Storage temperature: Keep in a dark place, sealed in dry conditions, at room temperature
Solubility: 0.01 g/L
Form: Powder to crystal
pKa: -0.58±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Cream to pale-yellow powder

Odor: Gray-white to cream powder or pellets, slight odor
Water solubility: Merck Index: 14,3370
InChIKey: AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4.5 at 20 °C
CAS DataBase Reference: 120-78-5 (CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2,2'-DITHIOBIS(BENZOTHIAZOLE)
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105; 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores: 2-3
FDA UNII: 6OK753033Z
NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzothiazyl disulfide (120-78-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole (120-78-5)



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Do not store near acids.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a pale yellow to light yellow crystalline powder.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is primarily used as an accelerator in the vulcanization of rubber.

CAS Number: 120-78-5
EC Number: 204-424-9

Synonyms: MBTS, 2-Benzothiazole disulfide, Accelerator DM, Benzothiazole disulfide, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-, Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide, Benzothiazyl disulfanyl benzene, Santocure, Accelerator MBTS, Vulcafor, Vulkacit DM, Perkacit MBTS, Altax, Captax, Thiazone, Accel M, Accicure MBTS, Vulkacit DM/C, Preaxur MBTS, Curing agent MBTS, Nocceler MBTS, Sulphacit MBTS, Sulfacure MBTS, Sulfex MBTS, Stafex MBTS, Conac MBTS, Sanceler MBTS, CBS Rubber Accelerator, Perkacit MBTS-P, Butazate, Butazide, Butax, Captax DM, Captax 120, Sulphenax, Thiazolesulfenamide MBTS, Vulkacit MBTS/75, Sulfamine M, Sulfenax MBTS, Vulkacit DZ, Sanceler MBTS-75, Sulfamine MBTS, Nocceler DM, Pilflex MBTS, Royal MBTS, Accicure HBS, Vulkacit ZK, Vulkacit Thiadizole, Nocceler HBS, Pilcure MBTS, Pylam MBTS, Rubber Accelerator MBTS, Sulfamine HBS, Vulkacit Thia, and Vulkacit Thiadixyl



APPLICATIONS


Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is widely used as an accelerator in the vulcanization of rubber.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is crucial in the production of tires, where it accelerates the curing process and enhances tire performance.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the manufacturing of conveyor belts to improve their strength and durability.
In footwear production, MBTS ensures rubber soles and components are robust and resilient.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) finds application in rubber seals and gaskets to ensure effective sealing properties.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in automotive rubber parts, including hoses, belts, and bushings, to enhance their mechanical strength.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) plays a role in the production of industrial rubber goods such as belts, hoses, and rollers.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is essential in the construction industry for rubber materials used in building and infrastructure.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) contributes to the manufacturing of sports equipment, ensuring durability and performance in sports gear.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in agricultural applications for rubber components in machinery and equipment.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) finds use in the production of medical equipment where rubber parts need to meet stringent safety and durability standards.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber in electrical insulation materials, ensuring reliable performance.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the aerospace industry for rubber components used in aircraft and spacecraft.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is essential in the production of rubber flooring and matting used in various commercial and industrial settings.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) contributes to the manufacturing of marine rubber products, ensuring resistance to saltwater and harsh marine conditions.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the production of rubberized fabrics for weatherproofing and protective clothing.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) plays a role in the production of rubber gloves, ensuring flexibility and durability.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the production of damping materials and vibration isolators in machinery and equipment.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) finds application in the production of automotive and industrial belts, ensuring high-performance operation.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) contributes to the manufacturing of rubber components in consumer goods such as appliances and electronics.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the production of rubber rollers for printing and industrial machinery.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the curing process in rubberized coatings and linings for corrosion protection.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the production of rubber adhesives and sealants for various applications.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) finds use in the production of rubberized asphalt for road construction and waterproofing applications.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) plays a critical role in diverse industries, ensuring the quality, performance, and longevity of rubber-based products essential for modern applications.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the production of automotive tires to enhance their wear resistance and traction on roads.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is added to rubber compounds for agricultural tires to withstand rugged terrain and harsh environmental conditions.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the curing process in rubber insulation for electrical cables, ensuring safety and reliability in power transmission.
In the mining industry, MBTS is used in conveyor belts and hoses to handle abrasive materials and harsh mining environments.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) plays a role in the production of rubberized components for heavy machinery and equipment used in construction and mining.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) contributes to the manufacturing of rubber conveyor belts used in logistics and material handling industries.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is essential in the production of rubber components for hydraulic systems and machinery in industrial applications.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the vulcanization of rubber seals and gaskets used in automotive engines and mechanical systems.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the production of rubberized components for household appliances, ensuring durability and reliability.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) finds application in the production of rubberized components for medical devices and equipment.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber compounds for seals and O-rings used in fluid handling systems.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) contributes to the manufacturing of rubber insulation for HVAC systems, ensuring thermal and acoustic insulation properties.
In the food processing industry, MBTS is used in rubber components for machinery and equipment to meet hygiene standards.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) finds application in the production of rubber membranes and linings for water treatment and wastewater management systems.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber components used in recreational vehicles and outdoor equipment.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the production of rubberized components for bicycles and sporting goods, ensuring performance and durability.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) contributes to the manufacturing of rubberized components for railway systems and infrastructure.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the production of rubber seals and gaskets for aerospace applications, ensuring reliability in extreme conditions.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the vulcanization of rubber in footwear components, ensuring comfort and durability in shoes and boots.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) finds application in the production of rubberized components for marine vessels and offshore platforms.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the production of rubberized components for firefighting equipment and protective gear.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the curing process in rubberized components for military vehicles and defense applications.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) contributes to the production of rubberized components for renewable energy systems, such as wind turbine seals and gaskets.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) finds application in the production of rubberized components for telecommunications equipment and infrastructure.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) plays a vital role in numerous industries, contributing to the performance, reliability, and safety of rubber-based products used in diverse applications worldwide.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is essential in achieving optimal performance and longevity in rubber-based products.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the transformation of raw rubber into a more durable and usable form.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a key component in the formulation of rubber compounds for industrial applications.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is handled with care due to its potential irritant properties to skin and eyes.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is stored in tightly closed containers to prevent contamination and moisture ingress.

Manufacturers adhere to strict guidelines for handling and storage of MBTS to ensure product integrity.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) undergoes quality control checks to maintain consistent performance in rubber processing.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is subject to regulatory compliance regarding safe handling and disposal practices.
The chemical properties of MBTS make it suitable for both natural and synthetic rubber formulations.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has a defined role in enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of vulcanized rubber.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a versatile accelerator integral to modern rubber manufacturing processes, ensuring reliability and performance across diverse applications.



DESCRIPTION


Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a pale yellow to light yellow crystalline powder.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is primarily used as an accelerator in the vulcanization of rubber.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the cross-linking of rubber molecules, improving its mechanical properties.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) contains two benzothiazole rings connected by a disulfide bridge (-S-S-).

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is soluble in organic solvents like acetone, benzene, and ethanol but insoluble in water.
The chemical structure of MBTS allows it to release sulfur during vulcanization, aiding in the formation of cross-links.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is known for its medium to fast curing speed, making it suitable for various rubber applications.
In rubber processing, MBTS enhances the elasticity, strength, and durability of the final product.

Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the production of tires, conveyor belts, footwear, and other rubber goods.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) helps control the curing process, balancing between rapid curing and scorch safety.

The disulfide bond in MBTS plays a critical role in its vulcanization capabilities.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also employed in the automotive industry for manufacturing rubber parts.
Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) contributes to the resilience and weather resistance of rubber materials.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Pale yellow to light yellow crystalline powder or granules.
Odor: Slight characteristic odor.
Melting Point: Approximately 170-175°C.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling.
Density: 1.54 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Solubility:
Soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, benzene, and ethanol.
Insoluble in water.


Chemical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4.
Molecular Weight: 332.50 g/mol.
Chemical Structure: Benzothiazole core with two sulfur atoms bridged by a disulfide bond (-S-S-).
CAS Number: 120-78-5.
EC Number: 204-424-9 (not officially registered).
Acidity (pKa): Not readily available; typically considered non-acidic.
Basicity (pKa): Not readily available; typically considered non-basic.
Flash Point: Not applicable; MBTS is non-flammable.
Vapor Pressure: Negligible; MBTS is a solid at room temperature.
Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Keep the person calm and at rest.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if trained to do so.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash affected skin thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Use a mild soap and lukewarm water; avoid hot water, which can increase absorption.
If irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes, ensuring water flows over the eyelids and under the eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention, preferably from an eye specialist.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth thoroughly with water and do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
If vomiting occurs spontaneously, keep head below hips to prevent aspiration of vomit.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Storage Conditions:

Store MBTS in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
Maintain storage temperatures below 30°C (86°F) to prevent decomposition.


Container Material:

Use containers made of compatible materials such as stainless steel, polyethylene, or glass.
Avoid using containers made of reactive metals or materials that may react with MBTS.


Storage Quantity:

Limit the quantity of MBTS stored on-site to the minimum required for operations.
Store smaller quantities in tightly sealed original containers to minimize exposure and contamination risks.


Fire and Explosion Hazards:

MBTS is non-flammable and does not support combustion.
However, avoid exposure to heat, sparks, or open flames during storage and handling.


Security and Access:

Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Ensure storage areas are secure from unauthorized entry and protected against physical damage.


Monitoring and Inspection:

Regularly inspect storage containers and areas for leaks, damage, or signs of deterioration.
Monitor storage conditions periodically to ensure compliance with safety requirements.


Emergency Procedures:

Have emergency response procedures in place for spills, leaks, or accidental exposures involving MBTS.
Provide appropriate training to personnel on emergency response measures and first aid procedures.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a widely used rubber accelerator that plays a crucial role in the vulcanization process of rubber products.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is known for its ability to improve the physical properties of rubber, such as elasticity, tensile strength, and resistance to aging.
The chemical formula for Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is C14H8N2S4, and it is a preferred choice in various industrial applications due to its effective properties.

CAS Number: 120-78-5
EC Number: 204-424-9

Synonyms: 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), MBTS, Dibenzothiazyl Disulfide, Vulcanization Accelerator MBTS, Accelerator MBTS, Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide, MBTS Accelerator, 2-Benzothiazolyl Disulfide, Benzothiazyl Disulfide, Bis(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide



APPLICATIONS


Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is extensively used as a primary accelerator in the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is commonly used in the production of tires, where it provides a balanced combination of scorch safety and curing speed.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the manufacturing of various rubber products, including hoses, belts, and seals, enhancing their durability and performance.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is widely used in the production of automotive rubber components, such as gaskets, O-rings, and weatherstrips, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for footwear, offering improved flexibility, wear resistance, and comfort.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a key accelerator in the rubber industry for the production of conveyor belts, contributing to their tensile strength and resistance to wear.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is applied in the creation of rubberized fabrics, providing enhanced elasticity and durability for various industrial and consumer applications.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is an essential component in the manufacture of rubber-based adhesives and sealants, improving their bonding strength and long-term performance.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds for high-performance applications, ensuring consistent quality and reliability.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the production of rubber products for the construction industry, such as rubber mats and protective coatings, enhancing their resistance to environmental factors.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber sheets and films, improving their flexibility, tear resistance, and tensile strength.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the manufacturing of rubber insulation materials, providing enhanced thermal stability and resistance to aging.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is found in the production of rubber seals and gaskets, ensuring their durability and resistance to harsh environmental conditions.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the automotive industry for the production of high-performance rubber hoses, contributing to their heat resistance and long service life.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for anti-vibration products, offering excellent shock absorption and resilience.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the production of specialty rubber compounds for the aerospace industry, ensuring high performance under extreme conditions.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the manufacturing of rubber components for marine applications, providing resistance to saltwater corrosion and UV exposure.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is found in the production of rubber grommets and bushings, enhancing their flexibility, wear resistance, and long-term performance.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the creation of rubber linings for industrial equipment, offering enhanced resistance to abrasion and chemical exposure.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the production of rubber components for mining applications, providing superior durability, impact resistance, and longevity.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-pressure hydraulic seals, ensuring their long-term stability and performance under demanding conditions.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the production of rubber profiles for construction joints, providing enhanced sealing properties and durability.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the manufacturing of rubber components for railway applications, contributing to their wear resistance and durability under heavy loads.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for oil and gas exploration, ensuring their performance and resistance to high-pressure environments.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is found in the formulation of rubber compounds for industrial rollers, offering improved wear resistance, load-bearing capacity, and longevity.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the creation of specialty rubber compounds for high-temperature applications, ensuring their stability and performance in extreme conditions.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a key component in the production of rubber components for heavy machinery, enhancing their durability and resistance to harsh environments.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the production of rubber components for industrial valves, offering improved sealing properties, chemical resistance, and long-term reliability.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for electrical insulation, ensuring their stability, safety, and long-term performance.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the production of rubber belts and drive systems, enhancing their flexibility, load-bearing capacity, and service life.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is found in the manufacturing of rubber components for the food and beverage industry, ensuring compliance with safety standards and long-term durability.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for medical applications, offering biocompatibility, sterilizability, and performance under stringent conditions.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is employed in the creation of rubber linings for storage tanks, providing resistance to chemical corrosion and long-term durability.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for agricultural machinery, offering durability, resistance to wear, and performance in demanding conditions.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-performance automotive parts, providing enhanced heat resistance, wear resistance, and overall performance.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a key ingredient in the production of rubber components for the electronics industry, ensuring their stability, durability, and long-term performance.



DESCRIPTION


Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a widely used rubber accelerator that plays a crucial role in the vulcanization process of rubber products.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is known for its ability to improve the physical properties of rubber, such as elasticity, tensile strength, and resistance to aging.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a versatile chemical compound used in various rubber applications.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) provides excellent scorch safety, allowing for extended processing times without compromising the quality of the final product.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is essential in the production of high-performance rubber products, contributing to their strength, resilience, and resistance to wear.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is widely used in the automotive industry, where it enhances the performance and durability of rubber components.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is also employed in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products, including hoses, seals, and gaskets, ensuring their long-term reliability and performance.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a critical accelerator in the vulcanization process, providing optimal curing and improving the overall quality of rubber compounds.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is recognized for its stability, effectiveness, and versatility in a wide range of rubber applications, from automotive components to industrial products.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is essential in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds, providing consistent performance and long-term reliability.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a key ingredient in the production of rubber materials used in demanding environments, ensuring their resistance to extreme conditions and prolonged use.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C14H8N2S4
Common Name: Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow powder or granules
Density: 1.5 g/cm³
Melting Point: 180-181°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in benzene, chloroform, and acetone
Flash Point: 220°C
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; decomposes at high temperatures
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store below 25°C in a dry, well-ventilated area
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of dust or vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS).
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Avoid generating dust. Sweep up and collect the material for disposal in a sealed container.

Storage:
Store Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating dust or aerosols.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where dust or vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) can be used as accelerator for general rubber.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is also used as plasticizer in chloroprene rubbes1.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.

CAS: 120-78-5
MF: C14H8N2S4
MW: 332.49
EINECS: 204-424-9

The physiologic effect of Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity2.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS)'s industry uses also include fillers, fuels and fuel additives, intermediates, process regulator, propels and blowing agents2.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a rubber chemical used as a vulcanization accelerant.
The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and building industries.
An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.
Cream to light yellow powder.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS)'s usage includes tires, hoses, rubber mats, tarpaulins, unveiled silk goods, wires, cables, and other ‘non-food’ use of rubber products.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is a flammable, difficult to ignite, crystalline, yellowish solid with an unpleasant odor that is practically insoluble in water.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) decomposes when heated.

Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 177-180 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 532.5±33.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.5
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.5700 (estimate)
Fp: 271°C
Storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility: 0.01g/l
Form: powder to crystal
pka: -0.58±0.10(Predicted)
Color: Cream to pale-yellow powder
Odor: gray-wh. to cream powd. or pellets, sl. odor
Water Solubility: Merck: 14,3370
InChIKey: AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4.5 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 120-78-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) (120-78-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) (120-78-5)

Uses
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) has the potential to combat HPV, acting as a zinc-ejecting inhibitor.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) also can act as radical polymerization photo-initiators or co-initiators.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, nitrile-butadiene, butyl and styrene-butadiene rubber; a retarder for chloroprene rubber.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is used as a vulcanization accelerator for rubber used.

Contact allergens
This rubber chemical of the mercaptobenzothiazole group is used as a vulcanization accelerant.
The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and the building industry.
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is incompatible with strong oxidizers. .
Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS) is combustible.

Synonyms
120-78-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole
Thiofide
Dibenzothiazyl disulfide
Benzothiazyl disulfide
Altax
Benzothiazole disulfide
MBTS
Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM
Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide
Pneumax DM
Vulcafor MBTS
Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide
Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE
Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide
Ekagom GS
Accel TM
2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM/C
1,2-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
Royal MBTS
Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-
Dibenzthiazyl disulfide
MBTS rubber accelerator
dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
Vulkacit dm/mgc
2,2'-Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
2-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2,2'-Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
BTS-SBT
Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide
2,2-dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole
Naugex MBT
Benzothiazole, dithiobis-
USAF CY-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(1,3-benzothiazole)
USAF EK-5432
CHEBI:53239
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu
Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
di(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
2,2'-Dithiobis-benzothiazole
2,2'-Dithiobis[benzothiazole]
NSC-2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazoyl disulfide
DTXSID1020146
BI-87F4
6OK753033Z
NCGC00091238-02
DTXCID70146
Caswell No. 408A
NSC 2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyldisulfide
CAS-120-78-5
Benzthiazole disulfide
CCRIS 4637
HSDB 1137
Di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu [Polish]
EINECS 204-424-9
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009202
BRN 0285796
Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
AI3-07662
2,2'-Dithio(bis)benzothiazole
Sanceler DM
UNII-6OK753033Z
Perkacit MBTS
DBTD
dibenzothiazyl disulphide
Dibenzothiazole disulfide
dibenzo thiazyl disulfide
NSC2
Epitope ID:138947
Mercaptobenzothiazolyl ether
2,2'-dithiobisbenzthiazole
EC 204-424-9
Benzothiazole,2'-dithiobis-
Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
SCHEMBL23527
4-27-00-01862 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
2,2'-Dithio-bis-benzothiazole
2,2?-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
CHEMBL508112
di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
bis(benzothiazole-2-yl)disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
Di-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-disulfide
Bis(benzothiazole-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Tox21_111106
BDBM50444458
MFCD00022874
MBTS (2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole)
AKOS001022311
BIS(2-BENZOTHIAZYL) DISULPHIDE
Tox21_111106_1
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULFIDE
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), 99%
AM91095
CS-W009852
DB14201
NSC-677459
1,2-di(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [VANDF]
NCGC00091238-01
NCGC00091238-03
2,2'-DITHIOBISBENZOTHIAZOLE [MI]
AC-11588
LS-14263
WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSS-CT56 BN DSJ
D0538
FT-0609300
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [HSDB]
D77699
EN300-7399114
SR-01000944767
2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yldithio)-1,3-benzothiazole
Q2795423
SR-01000944767-1
W-200947
Z56754489
F0900-0449
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole #

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is a delayed action sulfenamide accelerator for use in natural and synthetic rubbers.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is recommended for applications where exceptionally long flow times are required.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is particularly suitable for rubber goods subjected to high dynamic stresses.

CAS: 4979-32-2
MF: C19H26N2S2
MW: 346.55
EINECS: 225-625-8

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is a primary accelerator which can be used alone or in combination with many secondary accelerators.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) offers the best scorch resistance of all commonly used sulfenamide accelerators.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is a heterocyclic amine that is used as a chemical intermediate.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce the corresponding dicyclohexyl amide, which then reacts with ammonia in the presence of an organic base to produce N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolsulfene amide.
This reaction mechanism can be summarized as follows:
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is not classified as a carcinogen because it does not have significant genotoxic or mutagenic potential.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) has been shown to be an effective crosslinker and additive for plastics, rubber, and textiles.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is a chemical compound from the group of sulfenamides and Thiazoles.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is a flammable, difficult to ignite, yellowish solid with a faint odor that is practically insoluble in water.
Above 200 °C, the compound decomposes, where (similar to its hydrolysis.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is a rubber accelerator of the mercapto- benzothiazole-sulfenamide group.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is a heterocyclic amine that is used as a chemical intermediate.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce the corresponding dicyclohexyl amide, which then reacts with ammonia in the presence of an organic base to produce N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolsulfene amide.
This reaction mechanism can be summarized as follows: Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is not classified as a carcinogen because it does not have significant genotoxic or mutagenic potential.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) has been shown to be an effective crosslinker and additive for plastics, rubber, and textiles.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 104℃
Boiling point: 230°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.20
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility: Acetone (Slightly), Acetonitrile (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly)
Form: Solid
pka: 0.43±0.20(Predicted)
Color: Pale Yellow to Light Yellow
Water Solubility: 1.9μg/L at 25℃
LogP: 5.95
CAS DataBase Reference: 4979-32-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) (4979-32-2)

APPLICATIONS:
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is very effective for use in thick cross-section molded articles.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) also is finds application where high processing temperatures are encountered or delayed cures are needed for optimum adhesion.
Total curing times are longer than with other sulfenamides, but the flow time/curing time ratio is favorable.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide ( DCBS) is also employed in conveyor belts, driving belts, shock absorbers, mountings and other intricately shaped molded goods requiring extremely long flow periods in the molding process.
The use of zinc oxide is necessary and stearic acid should be included in compounds where high modulus values are required.

Synonyms
4979-32-2
S-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N,N-dicyclohexylthiohydroxylamine
N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide
N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolsulfene amide
2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE, N,N-DICYCLOHEXYL-
N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
n,n-dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide
DTXSID3027584
5OBS6299M8
Soxinol DZ
MFCD00236063
Accelerator DZ
Sulfenamid DC
Vulkacit DZ
Meramid DCH
Rhodifax 30
S-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N,N-dicyclohexyl-thiohydroxylamine
C19H26N2S2
EINECS 225-625-8
Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide
BRN 0621701
UNII-5OBS6299M8
N,N-Dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide
M 181
N,N-Dicyklohexylbenzthiazolsulfenamid [Czech]
N,N-Dicyklohexylbenzthiazolsulfenamid
4-ethoxysalicylanilide
N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenam
EC 225-625-8
SCHEMBL212831
DTXCID707584
CHEMBL3186869
CMAUJSNXENPPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Tox21_301258
AKOS001746624
NCGC00255324-01
AS-15580
SY317194
CAS-4979-32-2
CS-0155326
FT-0746821
N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide
D82281
2-BENZOTHIAZOLYL-N,N-DICYCLOHEXYLSULFENAMIDE
W-106005
DICYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE, N,N-
Q27262639
S-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-N,N-dicyclohexylthiohydroxylamine
Thiohydroxylamine, S-benzothiazol-2-yl-N,N-dicyclohexyl-
N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylthio)-N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a high-performance rubber accelerator used extensively in the vulcanization process to enhance the properties of rubber products.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is recognized for its ability to improve the elasticity, tensile strength, and resistance to aging of rubber, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.
The chemical formula for Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is C19H26N2S2, and it is commonly used across various industries for its efficient performance in rubber manufacturing.

CAS Number: 4979-32-2
EC Number: 225-331-7

Synonyms: DCBS, N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, Nocceler DZ, Accelerator DCBS, Sulfenamide DCBS, Benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, DCBS Accelerator, Vulcanization Accelerator DCBS, Dicyclohexylbenzothiazole Sulfenamide



APPLICATIONS


Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is extensively used as a primary accelerator in the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is particularly favored in the production of tires, providing excellent scorch safety and improved curing speed.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is utilized in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products such as hoses, belts, and seals, enhancing their durability and performance.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is widely used in the production of automotive rubber components, including gaskets, weatherstrips, and vibration dampening products, ensuring optimal performance.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for footwear, providing superior flexibility, wear resistance, and comfort.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is essential in the rubber industry for the production of conveyor belts, improving their tensile strength and longevity.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is utilized in the creation of rubberized fabrics, offering improved elasticity and durability for industrial and consumer applications.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a key component in the manufacture of rubber-based adhesives and sealants, contributing to their strong bonding capabilities and long-term performance.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is employed in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds used in high-performance applications, ensuring consistent quality and durability.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is applied in the production of rubber products for the construction industry, such as rubber mats and protective coatings, enhancing their resistance to environmental factors.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the production of rubber sheets and films, improving their flexibility, tear resistance, and tensile strength.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is utilized in the manufacturing of rubber insulation materials, providing enhanced thermal stability and resistance to aging.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is found in the production of rubber seals and O-rings, ensuring their durability and resistance to harsh environmental conditions.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the automotive industry for the production of high-performance rubber hoses, contributing to their heat resistance and long service life.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for anti-vibration products, offering excellent shock absorption and resilience.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is utilized in the production of specialty rubber compounds for the aerospace industry, ensuring high performance under extreme conditions.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the manufacturing of rubber components for marine applications, providing resistance to saltwater corrosion and UV exposure.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is found in the production of rubber grommets and bushings, enhancing their flexibility, wear resistance, and long-term performance.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is employed in the creation of rubber linings for industrial equipment, offering enhanced resistance to abrasion and chemical exposure.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the production of rubber components for mining applications, providing superior durability, impact resistance, and longevity.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-pressure hydraulic seals, ensuring their long-term stability and performance under demanding conditions.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the production of rubber profiles for construction joints, providing enhanced sealing properties and durability.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is employed in the manufacturing of rubber components for railway applications, contributing to their wear resistance and durability under heavy loads.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for oil and gas exploration, ensuring their performance and resistance to high-pressure environments.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is found in the formulation of rubber compounds for industrial rollers, offering improved wear resistance, load-bearing capacity, and longevity.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the creation of specialty rubber compounds for high-temperature applications, ensuring their stability and performance in extreme conditions.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a key component in the production of rubber components for heavy machinery, enhancing their durability and resistance to harsh environments.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is employed in the production of rubber components for industrial valves, offering improved sealing properties, chemical resistance, and long-term reliability.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for electrical insulation, ensuring their stability, safety, and long-term performance.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the production of rubber belts and drive systems, enhancing their flexibility, load-bearing capacity, and service life.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is found in the manufacturing of rubber components for the food and beverage industry, ensuring compliance with safety standards and long-term durability.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for medical applications, offering biocompatibility, sterilizability, and performance under stringent conditions.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is employed in the creation of rubber linings for storage tanks, providing resistance to chemical corrosion and long-term durability.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for agricultural machinery, offering durability, resistance to wear, and performance in demanding conditions.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-performance automotive parts, providing enhanced heat resistance, wear resistance, and overall performance.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a key ingredient in the production of rubber components for the electronics industry, ensuring their stability, durability, and long-term performance.



DESCRIPTION


Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a high-performance rubber accelerator used extensively in the vulcanization process to enhance the properties of rubber products.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is recognized for its ability to improve the elasticity, tensile strength, and resistance to aging of rubber, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a versatile chemical compound used in various rubber applications.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) provides excellent scorch safety, allowing for extended processing times without compromising the quality of the final product.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is essential in the production of high-performance rubber products, contributing to their strength, resilience, and resistance to wear.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is widely used in the automotive industry, where it enhances the performance and durability of rubber components.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is also employed in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products, including hoses, seals, and gaskets, ensuring their long-term reliability and performance.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a critical accelerator in the vulcanization process, providing optimal curing and improving the overall quality of rubber compounds.

Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is recognized for its stability, effectiveness, and versatility in a wide range of rubber applications, from automotive components to industrial products.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is essential in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds, providing consistent performance and long-term reliability.
Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a key ingredient in the production of rubber materials used in demanding environments, ensuring their resistance to extreme conditions and prolonged use.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C19H26N2S2
Common Name: Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow powder
Density: 1.24 g/cm³
Melting Point: 100-110°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in benzene, chloroform, and acetone
Flash Point: 235°C
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; decomposes at high temperatures
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store below 25°C in a dry, well-ventilated area
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of dust or vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS).
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Avoid generating dust. Sweep up and collect the material for disposal in a sealed container.

Storage:
Store Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating dust or aerosols.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where dust or vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

DESCRIPTION:

Accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a delayed action sulfenamide accelerator for use in natural and synthetic rubbers.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is recommended for applications where exceptionally long flow times are required.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is particularly suitable for rubber goods subjected to high dynamic stresses.


CAS: 4979-32-2
European Community (EC) Number: 225-625-8
IUPAC Name: N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Molecular Formula: C19H26N2S2





SYNONYMS OF BENZOTHIAZYL-2-DICYCLOHEXYL SULFENAMIDE (DCBS):

4979-32-2,S-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N,N-dicyclohexylthiohydroxylamine,N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolsulfene amide,2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE, N,N-DICYCLOHEXYL-,N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine,n,n-dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,DTXSID3027584,5OBS6299M8,Soxinol DZ,MFCD00236063,S-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N,N-dicyclohexyl-thiohydroxylamine,Accelerator DZ,Sulfenamid DC,Vulkacit DZ,Meramid DCH,Rhodifax 30,C19H26N2S2,EINECS 225-625-8,Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,BRN 0621701,UNII-5OBS6299M8,N,N-Dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide,M 181,N,N-Dicyklohexylbenzthiazolsulfenamid [Czech],N,N-Dicyklohexylbenzthiazolsulfenamid,N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenam,EC 225-625-8,SCHEMBL212831,DTXCID707584,CHEMBL3186869,Tox21_301258,STK771201,AKOS001746624,NCGC00255324-01,AS-15580,SY317194,CAS-4979-32-2,CS-0155326,N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide,NS00003781,D82281,2-BENZOTHIAZOLYL-N,N-DICYCLOHEXYLSULFENAMIDE,W-106005,DICYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE, N,N-,Q27262639,S-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-N,N-dicyclohexylthiohydroxylamine,Thiohydroxylamine, S-benzothiazol-2-yl-N,N-dicyclohexyl-,N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylthio)-N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine,DCBS,AcceleratorDZ,Accelerator DZ,Accelerator DCBS,SANTOCURE(R) DCBS,Rubber Accelerator DZ,Rubber Accelerator DCBS,N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide,N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide,N,N-Dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-Benzothiazole sulfenamide,N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolsulfene amide,N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-Benzothiazole Sulphenamide,2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N,N-dicyclohexyl-,N,N-dicyclohexyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide,N,N-DICYCLOHEXYLBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-SULFENAMIDE(ACCELERATORDZ),S-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N,N-dicyclohexyl-thiohydroxylamine,N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine,m181;DCBS;DZ(DCBS);soxinoldz;meramiddch;rhodifax30;vulkacitdz;me,amid dchm;sulfenamiddc;AcceleratorDZ



Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a primary accelerator which can be used alone or in combination with many secondary accelerators.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) offers the best scorch resistance of all commonly used sulfenamide accelerators.


Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is Light yellow or light pink powder (granular) with taste bitter.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is Soluble Acetone Organic liquids, including fats and oils, insoluble in water.

Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a sulfenamide accelerator with excellent anti-scorching property and delayed
onset of cure.

Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is compatible with natural and synthetic rubbers, suitable for radial ply tire, rubber belts and shock absorber, etc. Particularly it produces good adhesion to metal.


Accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a delayed action sulfenamide accelerator used in natural and synthetic rubbers.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is added to rubber compounds to increase the speed of vulcanization and to permit vulcanization to proceed at lower temperatures and with greater efficiency.

The primary purpose of Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is to reduce the time required for vulcanization, which is the process by which rubber is converted into a more durable material.



N , N -Dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide is a flammable, difficult to ignite, yellowish solid with a faint odor that is practically insoluble in water.
Above 200 °C, the compound decomposes [1] to form (similar to its hydrolysis ) dicyclohexylamine and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole , followed by benzothiazole .


Accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a delayed action sulfenamide accelerator used in natural and synthetic rubbers.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is added to rubber compounds to increase the speed of vulcanization and to permit vulcanization to proceed at lower temperatures and with greater efficiency.
The primary purpose of Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is to reduce the time required for vulcanization, which is the process by which rubber is converted into a more durable material.


COMPONENTS OF A BENZOTHIAZYL-2-DICYCLOHEXYL SULFENAMIDE (DCBS):
The chemical name for Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a white or light yellow powder that is soluble in acetone, benzene, and chloroform.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is typically used in combination with other accelerators, such as MBTS or TBBS, to achieve a faster rate of vulcanization.


Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is known for its delayed action, which means that it does not immediately start the vulcanization process when added to a rubber compound.
Instead, it begins to work after a certain period of time has elapsed.
This makes it particularly useful for rubber goods that are subjected to high dynamic stresses, such as tires and conveyor belts.


In summary, accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a key component in the production of natural and synthetic rubber products.
Its purpose is to reduce the time required for vulcanization, and it is typically used in combination with other accelerators to achieve the desired rate of vulcanization.
Its delayed action makes it particularly useful for rubber goods subjected to high dynamic stresses.



TYPES OF ACCELERATOR BENZOTHIAZYL-2-DICYCLOHEXYL SULFENAMIDE (DCBS)
Accelerator DCBS (Benzothiazyl-2-Dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide) is a delayed action sulfenamide accelerator used in natural and synthetic rubbers.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is recommended for applications where exceptionally long flow times are required.

Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a white or light yellow powder with a slight odor.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is soluble in chloroform, benzene, and carbon disulfide, and slightly soluble in acetone, ethanol, and gasoline.


Linear Accelerators:
Linear accelerators, also known as linacs, are the most common type of accelerator used in radiation therapy.
They use high-frequency electromagnetic waves to accelerate electrons to nearly the speed of light.
The electrons are then directed at a target to produce high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation.
Linear accelerators are used to treat a wide range of cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, and brain cancer.

Circular Accelerators:
Circular accelerators, also known as cyclotrons, are used to accelerate charged particles, such as protons or ions, in a circular path.
The particles are accelerated by a magnetic field and then directed at a target to produce high-energy radiation.

Cyclotrons are used in medical applications, such as proton therapy for cancer treatment, and in research to study the properties of matter.
In summary, accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a delayed action sulfenamide accelerator used in natural and synthetic rubbers.

Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is recommended for applications where exceptionally long flow times are required.
Linear accelerators and circular accelerators are two types of accelerators used in radiation therapy and research.

APPLICATIONS OF ACCELERATOR BENZOTHIAZYL-2-DICYCLOHEXYL SULFENAMIDE (DCBS)
Accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a versatile chemical compound that has many applications in various industries.
In this section, we will explore some of the most common applications of DCBS.

Medical Uses:
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the medical industry as an accelerator for natural and synthetic rubber products.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is particularly suitable for rubber goods that are subjected to high dynamic stresses, such as medical gloves, tubing, and catheters.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is known for its excellent anti-scorching quality and processing safety, making it a popular choice for medical applications.


INDUSTRIAL USES OF BENZOTHIAZYL-2-DICYCLOHEXYL SULFENAMIDE (DCBS):
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is widely used in the industrial sector as an accelerator for rubber products.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is commonly used in the production of tires, conveyor belts, and other rubber products that require high durability and strength.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is known for its delayed action, which makes it ideal for applications where exceptionally long flow times are required.


Research Facilities:
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is also used in research facilities for various applications.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is used in the production of rubber compounds for research purposes, such as testing the properties of rubber under different conditions.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is also used in the production of rubber-based adhesives and coatings for research purposes.

In conclusion, Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a versatile chemical compound that has many applications in various industries, including medical, industrial, and research facilities.
Its delayed action and anti-scorching quality make it a popular choice for applications that require exceptionally long flow times and high durability.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION:
Engineering Principles
The design and construction of rubber products require a deep understanding of the engineering principles involved.
Accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a delayed action sulfenamide accelerator that is used in natural and synthetic rubbers.
It is recommended for applications where exceptionally long flow times are required.

Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is particularly suitable for rubber goods subjected to high dynamic stresses.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a primary accelerator that can be used alone or in combination with many secondary accelerators.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) offers the best scorch resistance of all commonly used sulfenamide accelerators.


Material Selection:
The material selection process is critical when designing and constructing rubber products.
The use of high-quality materials ensures that the final product will be durable and long-lasting. When selecting materials for the construction of rubber products that use accelerator DCBS, it is important to consider the compatibility of the materials.

DCBS is compatible with a wide range of rubbers, including natural rubber, SBR, NBR, and EPDM.


APPLICATIONS:
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is very effective for use in thick cross-section molded articles.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) also is finds application where high processing temperatures are encountered or delayed cures are needed for optimum adhesion.
Total curing times are longer than with other sulfenamides, but the flow time/curing time ratio is favorable.

Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is also employed in conveyor belts, driving belts, shock absorbers, mountings and other intricately shaped molded goods requiring extremely long flow periods in the molding process.
The use of zinc oxide is necessary and stearic acid should be included in compounds where high modulus values are required.

Accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a type of sulfenamide accelerator used in natural and synthetic rubbers to improve their performance characteristics.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a delayed-action accelerator that is particularly useful in applications where extended flow times are required.
Accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is often used in the manufacturing of rubber goods that are subjected to high dynamic stresses.

Accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is a primary accelerator that can be used alone or in combination with other accelerators to achieve the desired curing properties.
Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is compatible with a wide range of rubbers, including natural rubber, SBR, NBR, and EPDM.
Accelerator Benzothiazyl-2-dicyclohexyl Sulfenamide (DCBS) is available in various forms, including granules, oiled powder, and powder.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOTHIAZYL-2-DICYCLOHEXYL SULFENAMIDE (DCBS):
Molecular Weight
346.6 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
6.7
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
346.15374118 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
346.15374118 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
69.7Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
23
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
348
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Appearance .....buff granules
Melt Point......96°C (min.)
Assay.........95% (min.)
Ash......0.30% (max.)
Volatiles............0.40% (max.)
Specific Gravity.........1.24
Packaging.....44 & 55 pound bags
Molecular Formula C19H26N2S2
Molar Mass 346.55
Density 1.20
Melting Point 104℃
Boling Point 230°C (rough estimate)
Flash Point 275.2°C
Water Solubility 1.9μg/L at 25℃
Vapor Presure 0Pa at 25℃
pKa 0.43±0.20(Predicted)
Storage Condition Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Refractive Index 1.5800 (estimate)
Physical and Chemical Properties Light yellow powder.
Use Used as after-effect accelerator of natural gum, cis-butyl gum, styrene-butadiene gum and isoprene gum

Melting point 104℃
Boiling point 230°C (rough estimate)
Density 1.20
vapor pressure 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index 1.5800 (estimate)
storage temp. Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility Acetone (Slightly), Acetonitrile (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly)
form Solid
pka 0.43±0.20(Predicted)
color Pale Yellow to Light Yellow
Water Solubility 1.9μg/L at 25℃
LogP 5.95
CAS DataBase Reference 4979-32-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores 1
FDA UNII 5OBS6299M8
EPA Substance Registry System N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (4979-32-2)




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZOTHIAZYL-2-DICYCLOHEXYL SULFENAMIDE (DCBS):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound with a unique structure.
Benzotriazole is composed of a benzene ring fused to a triazole ring.
The chemical formula of benzotriazole is C6H5N3.
Benzotriazole is often used as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metals from rust.

CAS Number: 95-14-7
EC Number: 202-394-1



APPLICATIONS


Benzotriazole is employed to enhance the longevity of electrical transformers by preventing corrosion on metal components.
Benzotriazole is used to safeguard the integrity of pipelines in the petrochemical industry.

Benzotriazole helps maintain the appearance and structural integrity of architectural metals on buildings and bridges.
Benzotriazole plays a role in protecting household appliances from rust and corrosion.
Benzotriazole is utilized in the conservation of ancient coins and metal artifacts.

Benzotriazole finds application in the protection of metal sculptures and outdoor artwork.
Benzotriazole contributes to the longevity of electrical transmission towers and antennas.
In the automotive sector, it helps prevent corrosion on various vehicle parts, such as brake lines.

Benzotriazole aids in extending the life of heat exchangers in industrial processes.
Benzotriazole is used to protect underwater equipment, such as offshore drilling platforms.
Benzotriazole is utilized in the manufacturing of metal cans to prevent corrosion of the contents.
Benzotriazole safeguards the structural integrity of metal bridges and guardrails.

Benzotriazole is found in the protection of firearms and firearm components.
Benzotriazole is used to prevent rust on agricultural machinery and equipment.

Benzotriazole contributes to the preservation of historical railway equipment.
Benzotriazole is employed to protect the metal parts of musical instruments.
In the food industry, it can be found in equipment used for food processing and packaging.

Benzotriazole is used in the defense industry to protect military hardware from corrosion.
Benzotriazole plays a role in the conservation of antique metal jewelry and artifacts.
Benzotriazole is used in the protection of offshore oil drilling equipment.
Benzotriazole is applied to protect metal components in water treatment plants.

Benzotriazole helps extend the life of metal storage tanks and containers.
Benzotriazole safeguards the structural integrity of metal lighthouses and buoys.
Benzotriazole is used in the protection of metal components in theme park rides.
Benzotriazole contributes to the preservation of historical aircraft and aviation artifacts.

Benzotriazole is used in the maintenance of water storage tanks to prevent corrosion of metal components.
Benzotriazole is applied in the protection of metal rails and tracks in the railway industry.

Benzotriazole contributes to the preservation of antique coins and numismatic collections.
Benzotriazole is employed in the manufacturing of metal containers for chemicals and hazardous materials.
Benzotriazole is used to safeguard the structural integrity of metal fencing and barriers.

Benzotriazole plays a role in protecting metal components in amusement park rides and attractions.
Benzotriazole is utilized to inhibit corrosion on metal fasteners and bolts in construction.

In the marine industry, benzotriazole is used to protect ship hulls and marine equipment.
Benzotriazole aids in the preservation of historical metal artifacts in museums and galleries.
Benzotriazole is found in the protection of metal plumbing and pipelines.

Benzotriazole contributes to the longevity of metal scaffolding and construction equipment.
Benzotriazole is used in the aerospace industry to protect the metal parts of spacecraft and satellites.

In the electronics industry, benzotriazole safeguards printed circuit boards and connectors.
Benzotriazole helps prevent corrosion on metal components of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.
Benzotriazole is employed in the manufacturing of metal cans for food and beverage packaging.

Benzotriazole is used in the automotive sector to protect the undercarriage and chassis.
Benzotriazole plays a role in the conservation of antique metal musical instruments.
Benzotriazole is utilized in the protection of metal sports equipment and gear.

Benzotriazole contributes to the preservation of historical metal tools and machinery.
Benzotriazole is found in the protection of metal components of fire sprinkler systems.

In the chemical industry, benzotriazole helps prevent corrosion in chemical reactors and vessels.
Benzotriazole is used in the protection of metal elements in playground equipment and structures.

Benzotriazole contributes to the longevity of metal racks and shelving systems.
Benzotriazole is employed in the manufacturing of metal drums for storing liquids.
Benzotriazole plays a role in the conservation of antique metal clocks and timepieces.

Benzotriazole is used in the automotive industry to prevent corrosion on exhaust systems and mufflers.
Benzotriazole contributes to the preservation of antique metal coins and coin collections.
Benzotriazole is employed to protect metal components in theme park roller coasters.

In the marine industry, benzotriazole helps safeguard the metal parts of ships' propellers and anchors.
Benzotriazole is utilized in the construction of metal staircases and handrails.

Benzotriazole plays a role in the conservation of historical metal sculptures and statues.
Benzotriazole is found in the protection of metal bridges and walkways in urban environments.
Benzotriazole is used to inhibit corrosion on metal parts of agricultural machinery.

Benzotriazole is employed in the preservation of antique metal weaponry and armor.
Benzotriazole contributes to the longevity of metal ladders and scaffolding used in construction.

In the oil and gas industry, benzotriazole protects drilling equipment and pipelines from corrosion.
Benzotriazole is used in the manufacturing of metal containers for the storage of hazardous materials.

Benzotriazole plays a role in protecting metal components in water treatment plants.
Benzotriazole is utilized in the protection of metal components in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems.
Benzotriazole helps prevent rust on metal parts of agricultural and farming equipment.

Benzotriazole is found in the preservation of historical metal artifacts in archaeological sites.
Benzotriazole contributes to the preservation of metal jewelry and ornaments.
Benzotriazole is used to protect metal components in the mining industry.

Benzotriazole plays a role in safeguarding metal railings and balustrades.
Benzotriazole is employed in the manufacturing of metal equipment used in scientific research and laboratories.

In the aviation industry, benzotriazole is used to protect aircraft components from corrosion.
Benzotriazole is used in the protection of metal components in public transportation infrastructure.

Benzotriazole contributes to the longevity of metal power transmission towers and utility poles.
Benzotriazole is found in the protection of metal gates and fences in public spaces.
Benzotriazole plays a role in preserving the structural integrity of historical metal buildings and landmarks.

Benzotriazole is used to prevent corrosion on metal handrails in public spaces.
Benzotriazole contributes to the preservation of historical metal bells and musical instruments.
Benzotriazole is employed in the protection of metal playground equipment.

In the telecommunications industry, benzotriazole safeguards metal components in communication towers.
Benzotriazole is found in the protection of metal tools and machinery in industrial workshops.

Benzotriazole plays a role in preserving metal frames and supports in greenhouses.
Benzotriazole is utilized to prevent corrosion on metal components of theme park water rides.

In the railway industry, benzotriazole is used to protect metal tracks and signaling equipment.
Benzotriazole helps inhibit rust on metal agricultural storage tanks and silos.

Benzotriazole contributes to the longevity of metal fences and gates in residential areas.
Benzotriazole is used to safeguard the structural integrity of historical metal street lamps.
Benzotriazole is found in the protection of metal components of water pumps and infrastructure.

Benzotriazole plays a role in preserving metal decorative elements on historic buildings.
Benzotriazole is employed in the manufacturing of metal manhole covers for urban utilities.

In the entertainment industry, benzotriazole is used to protect metal stage equipment.
Benzotriazole is used to inhibit corrosion on metal parts of amusement park ferris wheels.
Benzotriazole contributes to the longevity of metal components in public transit systems.

Benzotriazole is found in the protection of metal components in sports arenas and stadiums.
Benzotriazole is utilized to prevent rust on metal parts of agricultural irrigation systems.

In the energy sector, benzotriazole safeguards metal components of wind turbines.
Benzotriazole plays a role in preserving the structural integrity of historical metal bridges.
Benzotriazole is used to protect metal components in the mining and mineral processing industry.

Benzotriazole contributes to the longevity of metal frames and supports for billboards.
Benzotriazole is found in the protection of metal components in industrial water treatment facilities.
Benzotriazole is employed to prevent corrosion on metal street signs and traffic signals.



DESCRIPTION


Benzotriazole is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5N3.
Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a triazole ring.
Benzotriazole and its derivatives are often used in various industrial applications, including as corrosion inhibitors, UV stabilizers for plastics and coatings, and as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound with a unique structure.
Benzotriazole is composed of a benzene ring fused to a triazole ring.
The chemical formula of benzotriazole is C6H5N3.
Benzotriazole is often used as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metals from rust.

Benzotriazole is known for its UV stabilizing properties in plastics.
Benzotriazole helps prevent plastics and polymers from degrading due to UV radiation.
Benzotriazole is also utilized in the field of photography as a silver corrosion inhibitor.

Benzotriazole acts as a versatile ligand in coordination chemistry.
Benzotriazole forms stable complexes with various metal ions.
Benzotriazole derivatives are common in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
Benzotriazole is used to inhibit the corrosion of copper and its alloys.

In the aerospace industry, benzotriazole is used to protect aluminum alloys.
Benzotriazole is often incorporated into lubricants to reduce wear and corrosion.
Benzotriazole can be found in anti-freeze and de-icing fluids for aircraft.
Benzotriazole is a common component in automotive anti-rust solutions.
Benzotriazole is sometimes used as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis.

Benzotriazole is an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor.
Benzotriazole is considered safe when used in accordance with regulations.
Benzotriazole has a molecular weight of 119.12 grams per mole.

Benzotriazole is soluble in various organic solvents but sparingly soluble in water.
Benzotriazole is stable under normal storage conditions.
Benzotriazole is available in various purity grades for different applications.
Benzotriazole has a slightly aromatic odor and is typically a white to pale yellow solid.

Benzotriazole plays a crucial role in protecting infrastructure and equipment from corrosion.
Benzotriazole is a valuable compound in multiple industrial sectors, contributing to the longevity and reliability of materials and products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12 g/mol
Molecular Structure: Benzotriazole consists of a benzene ring fused to a triazole ring, which is a five-membered ring containing three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms.


Physical Properties:

Physical State: Benzotriazole is typically a white to pale yellow solid.
Odor: It has a slightly aromatic odor.
Solubility: It is soluble in various organic solvents but sparingly soluble in water.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If benzotriazole is inhaled and respiratory distress occurs, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention and provide information about the exposure.


Skin Contact:

If benzotriazole comes into contact with the skin, immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected skin with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use a mild soap if available and gently wash the skin while rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or other adverse effects occur.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with gentle, continuous water flow for at least 15 minutes. Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove any contact lenses if present.
Seek immediate medical attention, and continue rinsing the eyes until professional help arrives.


Ingestion:

If benzotriazole is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and drink a glass of water to help dilute the substance.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.


General First Aid Measures:

Always prioritize safety.
Remove the affected person from the source of exposure and provide access to fresh air or a well-ventilated area.
In case of severe exposure, or if the person exhibits signs of significant distress, call emergency services immediately.
While waiting for medical help, keep the affected person calm and comfortable.
Provide all necessary information about the substance, the nature of exposure, and any symptoms to medical professionals.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety glasses, gloves, a lab coat or protective clothing, and a chemical-resistant apron.
Respiratory protection may be necessary depending on the specific handling and exposure risks.

Ventilation:
Work with benzotriazole in a well-ventilated area, such as a fume hood, to minimize inhalation exposure.
If adequate ventilation is not available, wear a suitable respiratory protection device.

Avoid Contact:
Minimize skin and eye contact.
In case of contact, follow the first aid measures described earlier.

Hand Hygiene:
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling benzotriazole and before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.

Spills and Leaks:
In case of spills or leaks, contain and absorb the material with an appropriate absorbent material.
Use a non-sparking tool and place the waste in a properly labeled container for disposal.

Equipment:
Use only equipment that is compatible with benzotriazole and has been designed for chemical handling.
Regularly inspect and maintain all equipment.

Avoid Incompatibilities:
Do not mix benzotriazole with incompatible chemicals, as it may result in hazardous reactions.
Consult the substance's safety data sheet (SDS) for compatibility information.

Avoid Ingestion and Smoking:
Never eat, drink, or smoke in areas where benzotriazole is handled.


Storage:

Container:
Store benzotriazole in tightly sealed containers made of suitable materials, such as glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Labeling:
Clearly label all containers with the substance name, hazard warnings, and any other relevant information.

Location:
Keep benzotriazole in a well-ventilated, cool, dry, and well-ventilated storage area, away from incompatible materials and heat sources.

Separation:
Store benzotriazole away from strong oxidizing agents and reducing agents, as well as sources of ignition.

Grounding:
Ensure proper grounding of containers and equipment to prevent static electricity buildup, as benzotriazole can be sensitive to static discharge.

Storage Temperature:
Store at a controlled temperature, typically at or below room temperature.
Consult the SDS for specific temperature recommendations.

Storage Segregation:
Segregate benzotriazole from incompatible materials in accordance with safety guidelines and regulations.

Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment measures, such as spill trays or containment basins, to prevent accidental spills from spreading.



SYNONYMS


1,2,3-Benzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole
1,2-Azoles
Tolytriazole
BTA
TTA
BZT
1,2,3-Triazaindene
1,2,3-Triazabenzene
1,2,3-Azoles
1,2,3-Benzene triazole
1,2,3-Azadibenzotriazole
Azimidobenzene
Azimido-1,2,3-triazole
N1-Benzyltriazole
N1-Phenyltriazole
1,2,3-Benztriazole
Tolytriazol
BZT-R
Tolyltriazole
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
1,2,3-Benztriazol
1,2,3-Triazaindole
1,2,3-Triazole
1,2,3-Azotriazole
1,2,3-Triazabenzene
1,2,3-Azadibenzotriazole
Azimidobenzene
Benzyltriazole
Phenyltriazole
Benzene-1,2,3-triazole
1,2,3-Benzene triazol
1,2,3-Benzotriazol
1,2,3-Azole
Azoles
1,2,3-Triazole benzene
Triazolo benzene
1,2,3-Benzotriazolo
1,2,3-Benztriazol
N1-Phenyl-1,2,3-triazole
1,2,3-Triazaindene
1,2,3-Triazotoluene
Benzotriazol
1,2,3-Benzotriazol
1,2,3-Triazaindene
1,2,3-Triazole
1,2,3-Azotriazole
1,2,3-Triazabenzene
1,2,3-Azadibenzotriazole
Azimidobenzene
Benzyltriazole
Phenyltriazole
1,2,3-Benzene triazol
1,2,3-Benzotriazol
1,2,3-Azole
Azoles
1,2,3-Triazole benzene
Triazolo benzene
1,2,3-Benzotriazolo
1,2,3-Benztriazol
N1-Phenyl-1,2,3-triazole
1,2,3-Triazaindene
1,2,3-Triazotoluene
Tolyl-1,2,3-triazole
Benzotriazolum
Tolytriazol
BZT-R

Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C6H5N3.
Benzotriazole's five-membered ring contains three consecutive nitrogen atoms.
This bicyclic compound, Benzotriazole, may be viewed as fused rings of the aromatic compounds benzene and triazole.


CAS Number: 95-14-7
EC Number: 202-394-1
MDL number: MFCD00005699
Chemical formula: C6H5N3


Benzotriazole appears as white to light tan crystals or white powder.
Benzotriazole has no odor.
Benzotriazole is the simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.


Benzotriazole has a role as an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.
Benzotriazole is an anticorrosive agent well known for its use in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids but also used in dishwasher detergents.
Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms, with the chemical formula C6H5N3.


Benzotriazole is colorless and polar and can be used in various fields.
Benzotriazole is very bright in color so that solutions – either aqueous or in different solvents – are clear and almost colorless.
Benzotriazole is an anticorrosive agent, which is useful in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids.


Benzotriazole is soluble in water, benzene, toluene, chloroform, ethanol and N,N-dimethylformamide.
Benzotriazole, also known as 2,3-diazaindole or azimidobenzene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzotriazoles.
These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a triazole ring (a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms).


Benzotriazole belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzotriazoles.
These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a triazole ring (a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms).
Benzotriazole is an anticorrosive agent well known for its use in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids


Benzotriazole is one of the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloy used in various industries.
Benzotriazole is particularly versatile synthetic auxiliary because of its attractive properties.
Benzotriazole can be easily inserted into molecules and equally can also act as a good leaving group.


Benzotriazole is a weak acid (pKa 8.2) as well as weak base (pKa < 0) and because of this acid-base property of benzotriazole.
Benzotriazole also shows not only electron donating but also electron attracting ability, which leads to various synthetic applications.
In 1980, Benzotriazole was first reported as synthetic auxiliary in organic chemistry.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
This white-to-light tan solid, Benzotriazole, has a variety of uses, for instance, as a corrosion inhibitor for copper.
Benzotriazole has been known for its great versatility.
Benzotriazole has already been used as a restrainer (or anti-fogging agent) in photographic emulsions or developing solutions, and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver.


More importantly, Benzotriazole has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Also, Benzotriazole's derivatives and their effectiveness as drug precursors have been drawing attention.
Besides all the applications mentioned above, the Benzotriazole can be used as antifreezes, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids, and vapor-phase inhibitors as well.


Cosmetic Uses: antimicrobial agents
Benzotriazole is an anticorrosive agent, which is useful in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids.
Benzotriazole is also employed in dishwasher detergents.


Further, Benzotriazole is used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions and also useful as a reagent for the determination of silver in analytical chemistry.
Benzotriazole also serves as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Further, Benzotriazole is utilized in the synthesis of amines from glyoxal.


Benzotriazole and its related Na salts do belong to the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloys.
Benzotriazole does further show positive effects in protection of steel, gray iron, cadmium and nickel.
Benzotriazole can be used in different applications in major industries.


For example, Benzotriazole is used in cooling water or boiler systems by the industrial water treatment industry.
Benzotriazole can be also used in coolants and antifreeze products.
Another application of Benzotriazole is the use as an additive in industrial lubricants, like e.g. drilling and cutting fluids.


Benzotriazole does also work to protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets and can be further used in metal detergents.
Benzotriazole shows outstanding thermic and oxidative stability and is also resistant to UV light.
Benzotriazole does not negatively affect the appearance of the metal it's applied to.


Benzotriazole is also employed in dishwasher detergents.
Further, Benzotriazole is used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions and also useful as a reagent for the determination of silver in analytical chemistry.
Benzotriazole also serves as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.


Further, Benzotriazole is utilized in the synthesis of amines from glyoxal.
Benzotriazole is used as a corrosion inhibitor and for silver protection in dishwashing detergents.
Benzotriazole is also found in antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic drugs.


Benzotriazole is a versatile compound that has been used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions, a reagent for the analytical determination of silver and has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Since then Benzotriazole is used in the construction of various monocyclic and bicyclic heterocyclic compounds which are difficult to prepare by other methods.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
*Benzenoids
*Triazoles
*Heteroaromatic compounds
*Azacyclic compounds
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Organonitrogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
*Benzotriazole
*Benzenoid
*Heteroaromatic compound
*1,2,3-triazole
*Triazole
*Azole
*Azacycle
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organonitrogen compound
*Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound



STRUCTURE OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Benzotriazole features two fused rings.
Benzotriazole's five-membered ring can exist in tautomers A and B, and the derivatives of both tautomers, structures C and D, can also be produced:
Benzotriazole tautomers and their derivatives
Various structural analyses with UV, IR and 1H-NMR spectra indicated that isomer A is predominantly present at room temperature.
The bond between positions 1 and 2 and the one between positions 2 and 3 have proved to have the same bond properties.
Moreover, the proton does not tightly bind to any of the nitrogen atoms, but rather migrates rapidly between positions 1 and 3.
Therefore, the Benzotriazole can lose a proton to act as a weak acid (pKa = 8.2) or accept a proton using the lone pair electrons located on its nitrogen atoms as a very weak Brønsted base (pKa < 0).
Not only can it act either as an acid or base, Benzotriazole can also bind to other species, utilizing the lone pair electrons.
Applying this property, the Benzotriazole can form a stable coordination compound on a copper surface and behave as a corrosion inhibitor.



SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Synthesis of Benzotriazole involves the reaction of o-phenylenediamine, sodium nitrite, and acetic acid.
The conversion proceeds via diazotization of one of the amine groups:
Synthesis of benzotriazole
The synthesis can be improved when the reaction is carried out at low temperatures (5–10 °C) and briefly irradiated in an ultrasonic bath.
Typical batch purity is 98.5% or greater.



DERIVATIVES OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Biphenylene and benzyne can be conveniently prepared from benzotriazole by N-amination with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid.
The major product, 1-aminobenzotriazole, forms benzyne in an almost quantitative yield by oxidation with lead(IV) acetate, which rapidly dimerises to biphenylene in good yields.



CORROSION INHIBITION OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Benzotriazole is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys by preventing undesirable surface reactions.
Benzotriazole is known that a passive layer, consisting of a complex between copper and benzotriazole, is formed when copper is immersed in a solution containing benzotriazole.
The passive layer is insoluble in aqueous and many organic solutions.
There is a positive correlation between the thickness of the passive layer and the efficiency of preventing corrosion.
Benzotriazole is used in conservation, notably for the treatment of bronze disease.
The exact structure of the copper-Benzotriazole complex is controversial and many proposals have been suggested



DRUG PRECURSOR OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Benzotriazole derivatives have chemical and biological properties that are versatile in the pharmaceutical industry.
Benzotriazole derivatives act as agonists for many proteins. For instance, vorozole and alizapride have useful inhibitory properties against different proteins.
Benzotriazole esters are used as mechanism-based inactivators to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by inhibiting the SARS 3CL protease of the SARS-CoV-1 virus.
The methodology is not only limited to heterocyclization but was also successful for polynuclear hydrocarbons of small carbocyclic systems.



ENVIRONMENTAL RELEVANCE OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Benzotriazole is fairly water-soluble, not readily degradable and has a limited sorption tendency.
Hence, Benzotriazole is only partly removed in wastewater treatment plants and a substantial fraction reaches surface water such as rivers and lakes.
Benzotriazole is considered to be of low toxicity and a low health hazard to humans although exhibiting some antiestrogenic properties.



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Tolyltriazole is a mixture of isomers or congeners that differ from benzotriazole by the addition of one methyl group attached somewhere on the benzene ring.
Tolyltriazole has similar uses, but has better solubility in some organic solvents



HOW DOES BENZOTRIAZOLE WORK?
As a corrosion inhibitor, Benzotriazole decreases the corrosion rate of metals and alloys.
This works by forming a coating, a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal or alloy underneath.
This is of particular importance in industries where fluids routinely need to be in continuous contact with metals that require protection.



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS:
Heterocycles are important class of compounds. Benzotriazole extensively used for the synthesis of various heterocycles.
1-) Aza- 1,3-bis(triphenyl phosphoranylidene)propane synthesized from N-((1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1,1,1-triphenyH5- phosphanimine and methylene triphenyl phosphorane in presence of n-butyllithium, used as potential building block for the synthesis of heterocycles like 3H-benzo[c] azepine and 2,3-disubstituted pyrroles.

2-) Substituted benzothiazoles are well known for their biological properties with numerous accounts listing their synthesis.
Recently, benzotriazole technology was used in water as a one-pot approach to synthesize 2-peptidyl benzothiazole in excellent yield without any detectable racemization.
The effectiveness of this approach relies in the fact that it neither required any additional reagents nor catalyst for completion



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN ACYLATION, AROYLATION AND SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS:
Benzotriazole and its derivatives plays important role in various reactions like acylation, aroylation and substitution reactions.
Substitution of hydroxyl group with chloride group of the sterically and electronically hindered alcohol of carbohydrates involves harsh reaction conditions and expensive reagents.
Furthermore, the formation of halides from nucleofugal groups leads in the formation of unsaturated products and also chances of losing chirality due to harsh reaction condition.



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN PHOSPHOROUS CHEMISTRY:
Organophosphorus compounds are important class of compounds.
Dialkyl- and diaryl halo phosphates are generally used as building block for the synthesis of organophosphorous compounds.
However these building blocks suffer from lack of stability, particularly to hydrolysis and also required toxic reagents to synthesize them.



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN CYCLIC PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS:
N-acylbenzotriazoles are superior acylating agent with various advantages over traditional acid chlorides.
N-acylbenzotriazoles are quite stable and utilized in peptide chemistry and showed better applications in compared to other peptide coupling reagents.
Unprotected amino acids couple with N-protected aminoacylbenzotriazoles in aqueous acetonitrile to deliver enantiopure dipeptides in good yield.
For the synthesis of tripeptide, the carboxylic group of dipeptide is activated by benzotriazole in presence of thionylchloride followed by treatment with unprotected amino acids resulted in desired tripeptide in excellent yields.
Hence, benzotriazole assisted chemistry was successfully utilized to synthesize up heptapeptides in solution phase without any detectable loss of absolute configuration.



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS:
Peptidomimetics are special class of compounds which are mimic to natural peptides but resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis.
Several peptidomimetics like aminoxopeptides, depsipeptides, azapeptides, oxyazapeptides and hydrazine peptides were synthesized.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Boiling point: 350 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.36 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 212 °C
Ignition temperature: 400 °C
Melting Point: 98.5 °C
pH value: 6.0 - 7.0 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C) suspension
Vapor pressure: 0.053 hPa (20 °C)
Bulk density: 500 kg/m3
Solubility: 19 g/l
Melting Point: 94-99ºC
Boiling Point: 204ºC (15 mmHg)
Flash Point: 170ºC
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12400
Density: 1.348g/cm3
Molecular Weight: 119.12 g/mol

XLogP3-AA: 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 119.048347172 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 119.048347172 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 41.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 92.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Formula: C6H5N3
Formula Weight: 119.13
Melting point: 96-99°
Boiling Point: 204°/15mm
Flash Point: 212°(413°F)
Density: 1.360
Storage & Sensitivity: Ambient temperatures.
Solubility: Soluble in water, benzene, toluene, chloroform, ethanol and N,N-dimethylformamide.
Appearance: white to light tan powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 100.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 350.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 4.000000 mmHg @ 4.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 366.00 °F. TCC ( 185.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.440
Soluble in: water, 5957 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Physical state: powder
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 97 - 99 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 170 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 19 g/l at 25 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,34 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,36 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Molecular Weight: 119.12
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Boiling Point: 204ºC (15 mmHg)
Melting Point: 94-99ºC
Flash Point: 170ºC
Purity: 99%
Density: 1.348g/cm3
Appearance: White to light tan crystals or white powder.
No odor.
HS Code: 2933990090
Log P: 0.95790
MDL: MFCD00005699
PSA: 41.57
RIDADR: 2811
Risk Statements: R11; R20/21/22; R36/37/38; R5
RTECS: DM1225000
Safety Statements: S26-S28-S36/37/39-S45
Stability: Stable, but may be light sensitive.
Vapor Density: 4.1
Vapor Pressure: 0.04 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

Boiling Point/Range: Not applicable
Color: Colorless to Yellowish
Density: No data available
Flashpoint: Not applicable
Form: Solid
Grade: General Indicators
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents
Lower Explosion Limit: No data available
Melting Point/Range: 95-99 °C
Partition Coefficient: 1.44
Purity Percentage: 99.00
Purity Details: >=99.00%
Solubility in Water: No data available
Upper Explosion Limit: No data available
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 hPa (20 °C)
Viscosity: Not applicable
pH-Value: Not applicable
Storage Temperature: Ambient



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A-(P2)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole
1,2,3-Benzotriazole
BTA
BtaH
1,2,3-Benzotriazole BTA
BENZOTRIAZOLE PHOTOGRADE
1,2,3-Benzotriazole
Benzotriazole (BTA)
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOL ZUR SYNTHESE
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
RusMin R
1.2.3-Benzotrialole
Seetec BT
BLS 1326
1,2,3 BENZOTRIAZOLE (BTA)
HETEROCYLIC NITROGEN
U-6233
Benzotriazole
1,2,3-BENZOTRIALOLE ( BTA )
1H-Benzotriazole
T706
1h-benzo
1, 2, 3 BENZOTRIAZOLE
1,2,3,-BENZOTRIAZOLE
1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE (BTA)
1,2,3-BENZO TRIAZOLE
Cobratec
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE,1H-BENZO[D][1,2,3]TRIAZOLE
cobratec99
1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE FOR SYNTHESIS
1,2,3-Benzotriazole(electronicgrade)
1H-Benzotriazole
Benzotriazole
95-14-7
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE
2H-Benzotriazole
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
Azimidobenzene
Aziminobenzene
Benztriazole
Cobratec #99
Benzisotriazole
Benzene azimide
2,3-Diazaindole
1,2-Aminoazophenylene
1,2,3-Triazaindene
2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
Cobratec 99
273-02-9
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
NSC-3058
1,2,-Aminozophenylene
Cobratec 35G
1,2,3-1h-benzotriazole
NCI-C03521
27556-51-0
U-6233
DTXSID6020147
CHEBI:75331
1,2,3-Benztriazole
MFCD00005699
86110UXM5Y
1H-Benzotriazol
DTXCID00147
Benzotriazole (VAN)
Verzone Crystal
BtaH
Kemitec TT
Rusmin R
Seetec BT
CAS-95-14-7
CCRIS 78
Pseudoazimidobenzene
HSDB 4143
1,2,3-Benzotriazole,1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
EINECS 202-394-1
azaindazole
benzotriazol
BRN 0112133
aza-indazole
UNII-86110UXM5Y
AI3-15984
3uzj
1 h-benzotriazole
1,3-Triazaindene
0CT
1,3-Benzotriazole
Cobratec No. 99
1,2-Aminozophenylene
1H-1,3-Benzotriazole
1,3-Triaza-1H-indene
1H-Benzotriazole (VAN8C
EC 202-394-1
WLN: T56 BMNNJ
SCHEMBL8956
1H-BT
BENZOTRIAZOLE [INCI]
1,2,3-Benzotriazole(BTA)
4-26-00-00093 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS002302971
CHEMBL84963
1H-benzo-[1,2,3]triazole
1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE [MI]
BDBM36293
NSC3058
Benzotriazole, analytical standard
HMS3091M10
AMY37120
Benzotriazole, reagent grade, 97%
CS-D1407
STR01561
Tox21_201501
Tox21_302934
BDBM50234613
STL281967
Benzotriazole, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE [HSDB]
1H-Benzotriazole, >=98.0% (N)
AKOS000119181
AKOS025396849
PS-3644
NCGC00091322-01
NCGC00091322-02
NCGC00091322-03
NCGC00256574-01
NCGC00259052-01
BP-21454
SMR001252218
DB-022595
B0094
BB 0243857
FT-0606217
FT-0698151
Benzotriazole, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
EN300-17964
D77352
AB00374479-06
AC-907/34124039
Q220672
W-100172
Z57127352
F2190-0645
BTR
Azimidobenzene
Aziminobenzene
Benzene azimide
Benzisotriazole
Benzotriazole
Benztriazole
Cobratec 99
1,2-Aminoazophenylene
1,2,3-Benzotriazole
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
1,2,3-Triazaindene
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
2,3-Diazaindole
Cobratec No. 99
NCI-C03521
NSC-3058
U-6233
1,2,3-Benztriazole
Cobratec 35G
1,2,3-1H-Benzotriazole
1,2,3-benzotriazole-1h-benzotriazole
1,2,3-Benztriazole
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
1,2,3-Triazaindene
1,2,-aminozophenylene
1,2-Aminoazophenylene
1,2-Aminozophenylene
1h-benzo
1-H Benzotriazole
1,2,3-Benzotriazole
Azimidobenzene
Benzisotriazole
benzene azimide
1,2,3-triaza-1H-indene
aziminobenzene
1,2-aminoazophenylene
2,3-diazaindole
1,2,3-triazaindene
1,2,-Aminozophenylene
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
2,3-Diazaindole
Azimidobenzene
Aziminobenzene
Benzene azimide
Benzisotriazole
BTA
Benzotriazole

Benzotriazole (BTA) is white to light pink needle crystal.
Benzotriazole (BTA) slightly soluble in cold water, ethanol and ether.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, dimethylformamide, and most organic solvents.

CAS Number: 95-14-7
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12
EINECS Number: 202-394-1

Benzotriazole (BTA) is the simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is ayellow to beige solid or Colorless needle-like crystals.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is an organic compound.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is slightly soluble in water, soluble in hot water, and easily soluble in alkaline aqueous solutions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is divided into oil-soluble benzotriazole and water-soluble benzotriazole.

Among them, water-soluble Benzotriazole (BTA) can be dissolved in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be dissolved with a solvent.
The high content of active components and the small number of impurities are prerequisites for the solubility of Benzotriazole (BTA).

Benzotriazole (BTA) includes ethanol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, and N N-dimethylformamide.
The solubility of water and oil determines that Benzotriazole (BTA) must have a high content of impurities and less water to achieve both water and oil.
Benzotriazole, often abbreviated as BTA, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5N3.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound containing two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms in its ring structure.
Benzotriazole is commonly used for various purposes, primarily as a corrosion inhibitor, a UV absorber, and a stabilizer in various industries, including:
Benzotriazole (BTA) is known for its ability to inhibit the corrosion of metals, particularly copper and its alloys.

Benzotriazole (BTA) forms a protective layer on the metal surface, which prevents the metal from reacting with corrosive agents like oxygen and water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is not only water-soluble but also oil soluble.
Benzotriazole (BTA), The emulsifier is not required for the addition process.

This can greatly reduce the side effects of the addition of Benzotriazole (BTA).
Benzotriazole (BTA) and its related Na salts do belong to the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloys.
Benzotriazole (BTA) does further show positive effects in protection of steel, gray iron, cadmium and nickel.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter, odorless, boiling point is 204℃ (15mmHg),soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and
dimethylformamide, and slightly soluble in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) belong to the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloys.
Benzotriazole (BTA) does further show positive effects in protection of steel, gray iron, cadmium and nickel.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is one of the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloy used in various industries.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a UV absorber in plastics, coatings, and other materials.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, helping to protect the underlying materials from UV-induced degradation and color fading.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a stabilizer for products like polymers and fuels.
Benzotriazole (BTA) helps extend the shelf life and performance of these materials.
Further positive effects of Benzotriazole (BTA) can be seen in protection of steel, grey iron, Cadmium and Nickel.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter, odorless, boiling point is 204℃ (15mmHg),soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and
dimethylformamide, and slightly soluble in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be processed into flakes, granules, powder.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is oxidized in the air and gradually turned red.

Benzotriazole (BTA) tastes bitter and odorless.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is soluble in ethanol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and N,N-dimethylformamide, slightly soluble in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter, odorless, boiling point is 204% (15mmHg),soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and
dimethylformamide, and slightly soluble in water.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms, with the chemical formula C6H5N3.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is colorless and polar and can be used in various fields.
Benzotriazole (BTA) other names Benzotriazole (BTA), is slightly soluble in water.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms with the chemical formula C6H5N3.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has two fused rings.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C6H5N3.

Benzotriazole (BTA)'s five-membered ring contains three consecutive nitrogen atoms.
Benzotriazole (BTA) may be viewed as fused rings of the aromatic compounds benzene and triazole.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has a variety of uses, for instance, as a corrosion inhibitor for copper.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter,odorless,boiling point is 204℃(15mmHg),soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and
dimethylformamide,and slightly soluble in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is white to light yellow needles, m.p. 98.5 deg.] C, boiling point 204 ℃ (15 mm Hg), slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and other organic solvents.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is particularly effective in inhibiting the corrosion of copper and its alloys.

Benzotriazole (BTA) forms a protective film on the metal's surface, preventing the metal from reacting with substances that would otherwise cause corrosion.
This protective film is often referred to as a passivation layer.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in a wide range of applications, such as in cooling systems for automobiles, aircraft, and industrial equipment, where copper and its alloys are used in heat exchangers and other components.

Benzotriazole (BTA)'s ability to absorb UV radiation makes it valuable in the protection of materials sensitive to UV damage.
This includes plastics, coatings, adhesives, and other polymers.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is commonly used in the plastics industry to prevent the degradation of plastic materials exposed to sunlight. By absorbing UV rays, it reduces the chances of the material becoming brittle, discolored, or losing its structural integrity.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can act as a stabilizer for various chemical products.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in some aviation fuels to prevent the formation of potentially harmful compounds during combustion. In the production of certain polymers and resins, it can be added to improve their stability, which can extend their shelf life and enhance their performance properties.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been studied for its potential biological activity and is sometimes used in the pharmaceutical industry as a precursor for the synthesis of specific compounds.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has also been evaluated for its toxicity and environmental impact, and as such, it should be handled with care to minimize any potential harm.
While benzotriazole has many industrial applications, its use has raised some environmental concerns due to its persistence in the environment.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been detected in water bodies and is considered a potential environmental pollutant.
Proper disposal and treatment methods are important to mitigate its impact on the environment.
Benzotriazole (BTA) copper corrosion inhibitor can be adsorbed on the metal surface to form a thin film to protect copper and other metals from corrosion and atmospheric harmful media.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be absorbed on metal surface and form a thin film to protect copper and other metals.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is White needle, flake, granular, powder.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is soluble in alcohol,benzene,toluene,chloroform and DMF, slightly soluble in water,turn red in air with
oxidation,explosive in vacuum distillation.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys by preventing undesirable surface reactions. Benzotriazole (BTA) is known that when copper is immersed in a solution containing Benzotriazole (BTA), a passive layer consisting of a complex between copper and benzotriazole is formed.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in protection, especially in the treatment of bronze disease.

The precise nature of the copperBenzotriazole (BTA) complex is controversial, and many suggestions have been put forward.
Benzotriazole (BTA) derivatives have chemical and biological properties that are versatile in the pharmaceutical industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) derivatives act as agonists for many proteins.

For example, vorozol and alizapride have beneficial inhibitory properties against different proteins, and Benzotriazole (BTA) esters have been reported to work as mechanism-based inactivators for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)3CL protease.
The methodology is not only limited to heterocyclization, but has also been successful for polynuclear hydrocarbons of small carbocyclic
systems.

Melting point: 97-99 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 204 °C (15 mmHg)
Density: 1,36 g/cm3
vapor density: 4.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.04 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: 1.5589 (estimate)
Flash point: 170 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 19g/l
form: Powder, Granules, Crystals, Needles or Flakes
pka: 1.6(at 20℃)
color: White to yellow-beige
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
PH: 6.0-7.0 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)suspension
explosive limit: 2%
Water Solubility: 25 g/l in water (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,1108
BRN: 112133
Stability: Stable, but may be light sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, heavy metals.
InChIKey: QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.34 at 22.7℃

In addition to corrosion inhibition, Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in the metalworking industry as a component of cutting fluids and coolants.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can improve the efficiency of machining processes by reducing friction and wear on cutting tools, which extends their lifespan.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is employed in the electronics industry for the protection of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and semiconductor devices.

Benzotriazole (BTA) forms a protective layer on metal components to prevent oxidation and corrosion, which can be particularly important in electronic devices that need to maintain their performance over extended periods.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is utilized as a stabilizer and UV absorber in the dye and pigment industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) helps maintain the color and stability of dyes and pigments when they are exposed to sunlight and other environmental stressors.

In traditional photography, Benzotriazole (BTA) has been used in the development of silver-based photographs.
Benzotriazole (BTA) acts as a photographic sensitizer, improving the sensitivity of light-sensitive emulsions used in photographic films and papers.
While Benzotriazole (BTA) is generally considered safe when used in accordance with industry standards, prolonged or high-level exposure to the compound can be associated with potential health risks.

Benzotriazole (BTA)'s important to follow safety guidelines when working with benzotriazole, such as using appropriate personal protective equipment.
Benzotriazole (BTA)'s five-membered ring may be present in tautomers A and B, and derivatives of both tautomers as well as structures C and D can be produced.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is highly water-soluble, does not decompose immediately, and has a limited absorption tendency.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is only partially removed in wastewater treatment plants, and a significant part reaches surface waters such as rivers and lakes.
Benzotriazole (BTA) exists as a white solid.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms, with the chemical formula C6H5N3.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is an anticorrosive chemical used primarily on copper, but also on iron, steel, cadmium, chromium, zinc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can form covalent and coordinate-covalent linkages with metals, which prevent attack by corrosive agents.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter, odorless, soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and DMF, slightly soluble in water, turn red in air with oxidation.

The simplest member of the class of Benzotriazole (BTA) that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.
Benzotriazole (BTA) consists of benzene and a tri-azole ring.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be released into the environment through various industrial processes and wastewater discharges.

Benzotriazole (BTA)s persistence in the environment has raised concerns about its potential accumulation in water bodies and its effects on aquatic life.
As a result, there is growing interest in mitigating its environmental impact and finding more eco-friendly alternatives.
The use and disposal of benzotriazole are subject to regulations in many countries.

Regulations often govern its concentration in specific products and the allowable limits in wastewater discharges to protect the environment.
The triazoles are a group of highly explosive materials that are sensitive to heat, friction, and impact.
Sensitivity varies with the type substitution to the triazole ring.

Metal chelated and halogen substitution of the triazol ring make for a particularly heat sensitive material.
Azido and nitro derivatives have been employed as high explosives.
No matter the derivative these materials should be treated as explosives.

Preparation:
Benzotriazole (BTA) is prepared by the reaction of o-phenylenediamine with nitrous acid in dilute sulfuric acid.
Damschrodner and Peterson were able to synthesize the Benzotriazole (BTA) in a high yield (80%) by nitrosation of o- henylenediamine with sodium nitrite in glacial acetic acid and water.
Synthesis of Benzotriazole (BTA) via diazotization of o-phenylenediamine.

Reaction: Add o-phenylenediamine to 50°C water to dissolve, then add glacial acetic acid, cool down to 5°C, add sodium nitrite to stir the reaction.
The reactant gradually turned dark green, the temperature rose to 70-80 ℃, the solution turned orange-red, placed at room temperature for 2 hours, cooled, filtered out the crystals, washed with ice water, dried to obtain the crude product, the crude product was distilled under reduced pressure, and collected 201 -204°C (2.0kPa) fraction, and then recrystallized with benzene to obtain Benzotriazole (BTA) products with a melting point of 96-97°C, with a yield of about 80%.

Uses
Benzotriazole (BTA) is an anticorrosive agent, which is useful in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is also employed in dishwasher detergents.
Further, it is used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions and also useful as a reagent for the determination of silver in analytical chemistry.

Benzotriazole (BTA) also serves as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Further, Benzotriazole (BTA) is utilized in the synthesis of amines from glyoxal.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be used in combination with a variety of scale inhibitors and biocide.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used for metal (such as silver, copper, lead, zinc, nickel) as antirust and corrosion inhibitor.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is widely used in rustproof oil (fat) products, and more as vapor phase inhibitors of copper and copper alloy, circulating water treatment agent, also used for auto antifreeze, polymer stabilizers, plant growth regulator, lubricant additives, UV absorber, etc, and usedBenzotriazole (BTA) is an organic compound.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is white to light pink needle crystal. 1-2-3-benzotriazole is soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, dimethylformamide, and most organic solvents. However, it is slightly soluble in water, soluble in hot water, and easily soluble in alkaline aqueous solutions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is also commonly used in water cooling systems.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as a silver polishing agent in dishwasher detergent, automotive antifreeze, as a restrainer in photographic emulsions, and use as a lubricant additive.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be derived to create anti-fading agents for metals, antiseptic agents, UV-absorbers, pesticides, and photoconductors.
Benzotriazole (BTA) derivative are effective as drug precursors as well.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has more applications in brake fluids, cleaners, coatings and adhesives, flooring, fuels, inks, tires, and water treatment.
Benzotriazole (BTA) also possesses antihypertensive, antibacterial, analgesic, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be matched with a variety of scale inhibitor, algae fungicidal, especially has good corrosion-resistant effect on closed circulating cooling water system.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as antirust agent and corrosion inhibitor for metals.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, antifreezing liquid, antioxidant additive(including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials' (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti- static electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in different applications in major industries.
For example, Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in cooling water or boiler systems by the industrial water treatment industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be also used in coolants and antifreeze products.

Another application is the use as an additive in industrial lubricants, like e.g. drilling and cutting fluids.
Benzotriazole (BTA) does also work to protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets and can be further used in metal detergents.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used Cooling water systems / industrial water treatment, industrial lubricants (e.g. drilling and cutting fluids), dishwashing tablets (silver protection), metal detergents and polishing, coolants, VCI papers / metal packaging, antifogging agent (photo).

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in cooling water or boiler systems by the industrial water treatment industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is widely used as a corrosion inhibitor, particularly for copper and its alloys.
Benzotriazole (BTA) forms a protective layer on the surface of metals, preventing them from reacting with corrosive substances like oxygen and water.

This makes Benzotriazole (BTA) valuable in applications where copper or copper-based materials are exposed to potentially corrosive environments, such as in cooling systems, heat exchangers, and plumbing.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a UV absorber in various materials, including plastics, coatings, adhesives, and polymers.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which helps to protect these materials from UV-induced degradation.
This is essential for products that may be exposed to sunlight and need to maintain their structural integrity and color over time.
In the chemical industry, Benzotriazole (BTA) is employed as a stabilizer for a range of products, including fuels, polymers, and resins.

Benzotriazole (BTA) helps extend the shelf life and maintain the performance of these materials by preventing or reducing degradation due to factors like heat, light, or chemical reactions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in cutting fluids and coolants.
Benzotriazole (BTA) reduces friction, minimizes wear on cutting tools, and improves the efficiency of machining processes, extending the life of tools and enhancing the quality of machining operations.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is utilized in the electronics industry for protecting electronic components, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and semiconductor devices, from corrosion and oxidation.
Benzotriazole (BTA) ensures the long-term reliability of these components.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a photographic sensitizer to enhance the sensitivity of light-sensitive emulsions in photographic films and papers, ensuring better image quality and development.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in the textile industry to enhance the UV resistance of textiles and improve their durability when exposed to sunlight.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is employed as a stabilizer and UV absorber in the dye and pigment industry to maintain the color and stability of dyes and pigments when they are exposed to UV light.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has been studied for potential biological activity and is used as a precursor in the synthesis of specific compounds in the pharmaceutical industry.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be also used in coolants and antifreeze products.
An application of Benzotriazole (BTA) is the use as an additive in industrial lubricants, like e.g. drilling and cutting fluids.
Benzotriazole (BTA) does also work to protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets and can be further used in metal detergents.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, antifreezing liquid, antioxidant additive(including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti-static electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in combinaton with ammonium hydroxide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has an anti-corrosion effect on metal materials such as copper, aluminum, cast iron, nickel, and zinc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be combined with a variety of corrosion inhibitors to improve corrosion inhibition.
In aviation, benzotriazole is used as a corrosion inhibitor for aircraft components, such as landing gear, hydraulic systems, and fuel tanks.

Benzotriazole (BTA) helps protect critical aircraft parts from corrosion caused by exposure to harsh environmental conditions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in antifreeze formulations to inhibit the corrosion of metal components within a vehicle's cooling system.
Benzotriazole (BTA) helps maintain the efficiency and longevity of the cooling system.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is sometimes employed as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal pipes and equipment used in water distribution systems.
Benzotriazole (BTA) finds use in the oil and gas industry as a corrosion inhibitor for pipelines and storage tanks, where it helps prevent the degradation of metal surfaces exposed to oil and gas products.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in the automotive industry in various applications, such as protecting vehicle brake systems, engine components, and cooling systems from corrosion.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for steel reinforcement in concrete structures to increase their longevity and structural integrity.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in printing inks to improve their lightfastness, which is the resistance of inks to fading when exposed to light over time.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is often added to paints and coatings to enhance their UV resistance and protect surfaces from discoloration and degradation caused by exposure to sunlight.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used to inhibit corrosion on ship hulls and other metal components that are in constant contact with water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in certain food packaging materials to prevent the degradation of the packaging when exposed to UV light.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used to protect metal parts on boats and watercraft, such as outboard motors and propellers, from corrosion in marine environments.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is also widely used in metal rust inhibitors such as copper, silver, zinc, aluminum, cast iron, water purifying agents, etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used for water treatment, oil oxidation, metal oxidation and so on.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has a good corrosion inhibition effect on the copper and has the same anti-corrosion effect on other metal materials.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is also preferred UV absorber.
Adding benzotriazole to products such as plastics, rubber, and fuel can solve the degradation problem well.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can improve the light resistance of synthetic materials.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used for surface purification of silver, copper, and zinc in electroplating, and has an anti-tarnishing effect.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a good ultraviolet light absorber and can be used as a development antifogging for black and white film and photographic paper.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used additive to cutting fluid, immobile working fluid, antifreeze, circulating coolant, etc.

When added to lubricating oil and transformer oil, Benzotriazole (BTA) prevents aging of the oil.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used additive for acidic copper plating solution.
When added to coating agents such as paints, Benzotriazole (BTA) inhibits corrosion of the underlying film.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used additives for copper polishing agents.
In the photographic industry, Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a stabilizer against ultraviolet lights.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has already been used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as antifreezes, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids and vapor phase inhibitors as well.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys by preventing undesirable surface reactions.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in conservation, notably for the treatment of bronze disease.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used Photographic emulsions, anti-corrosion, pharmaceutical industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is already used as a limiting (or anti-fogging agent) in photographic emulsions or solution development, and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been widely used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in antifreeze, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids and vapor phase inhibitors.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, anti-freezing liquid, antioxidant additive(including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti-static electricity, photographic anti-fogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is applied as anti-rusting agent or corrosion inhibitor for metal (mainly copper and its alloys) by forming a passive layer, consisting of a complex between copper and benzotriazole, when copper is immersed in a solution containing benzotriazole.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as anti-freezing agent for car, synthetic detergent, anti-dust agent for photography and polymer stabilizer.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, antifreezing liquid, (including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti static electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys, and is commonly used in water cooling systems.
Benzotriazole (BTA) applications include use as a silver polishing agent in dishwasher detergent, automotive antifreeze, antirust for photography, and use as a lubricant additive.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be derived to create anti-fading agents for metals, antiseptic agents, UV-absorbers, pesticides, and photoconductors.

Benzotriazole (BTA) (BT) is a chemical used in a wide variety of industrial, commercial, and consumer products.
Benzotriazole (BTA) main used as an anticorrosive in metalworking, in art restoration, and as a tarnish remover and protective coating in the construction industry.
In the aircraft industry, Benzotriazole (BTA) and tolyl benzotriazole are found to be the primary agents in most types of aircraft deicing/antiicing fluid (ADAFs).

Benzotriazole (BTA) is also used as a component of aircraft deicing fluid, pickling inhibitor in boiler scale removal, restrainer, developer and antifogging agent in photographic emulsions, corrosion inhibitor for copper, chemical intermediate for dyes, in pharmaceuticals, and as fungicide. (HSDB 1998).
Benzotriazole (BTA), ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid(EDTA), and potassium iodide(KI) were used for preparing the polishing slurries.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as antirust agent and corrosion inhibitor for metals.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is widely used in the antirust oil products such as gas phase corrosion inhibitor , in treating agent for recycling water ,in antifreeze for cars antifogging for photograph.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as stabilizer for macromolecular compound, growth regulator for plant, lubricant additive , ultraviolet absorbent etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used together with many kinds of scale inhibitors and bactericide and algaecide,and Benzotriazole (BTA) shows excellent anticorrosion effect in close recycling cooling water system.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in metal rust and corrosion inhibitors, used in the preparation of water quality stabilizers, anti-rust greases, and also used in the synthesis of photographic anti-fogging agents and vapor phase rust inhibitors.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in extreme pressure industrial gear oils.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as anti-rust and vapor phase corrosion inhibitor in lubricating grease such as curve gear oil, anti-wear hydraulic oil, oil film bearing oil, lubricating grease.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in anti-rust oil (grease) products, mostly used in the vapor phase of copper and copper alloy Corrosion inhibitor circulating water treatment agent, automobile antifreeze, photographic antifogging agent, polymer stabilizer, plant growth regulator, lubricant additive, ultraviolet absorber, etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be used in conjunction with a variety of scale inhibitors, bactericidal and algaecide.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used for corrosion and rust prevention of copper and silver equipment.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be used in the preparation of photographic dust-proof, anti-fog and vapor phase rust inhibitor.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer,antifreezing liquid, antioxidant additive(including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil,brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials'(polyester and polyesteramide)capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anstatic electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has already been used as a restrainer (or anti-fogging agent) in photographic emulsions or developing solutions, and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Benzotriazole (BTA)'s derivatives and their effectiveness as drug precursors have been drawing attention.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as antifreezes, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids, and vapor-phase inhibitors as well.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys by preventing undesirable surface reactions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is known that a passive layer, consisting of a complex between copper and benzotriazole, is formed when copper is immersed in a solution containing benzotriazole.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in conservation, notably for the treatment of bronze disease.

Benzotriazole (BTA) derivatives act as agonists for many proteins.
For instance, vorozole and alizapride have useful inhibitory properties against different proteins and benzotriazole esters have been reported to work as mechanism-based inactivators for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3CL protease.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a very widely used chemical in various industries.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a corrosion inhibitor for metals such as copper and its alloys Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as anti blur factor in photo printing
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in production of light-sensitive chemicals.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in application in cleaners used in plating processes.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in production Water purification products and Laboratory chemicals
One of the most common methods of corrosion control is the use of disinfectants such as nitrates and chromates.
Finding alternative compounds for these compounds is very important for environmental reasons.

Benzotriazole (BTA) and the azole family are one of these alternatives, which chemically adsorb nitrogen atoms on the surface by sharing unpaired electron pairs with an empty metal orbital to prevent dissolution and corrosion.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, antifreezing liquid, antioxidant additive (including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti- static electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.

Benzotriazole (BTA), also known as BTA, is a chemical used as a ligand to form complexes and has many applications in industry, the most common of which is to prevent rust and corrosion of metals.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a corrosion inhibitor for metals such as copper and its alloys, silver, aluminum, cobalt, and zinc, which are relatively soluble in water and do not decompose easily.
Benzotriazole (BTA), commonly abbreviated as BTA, is a versatile compound used in industries such as Semiconductor/Electronic manufacturing and drug manufacturing.

Safety Profile:
Poison by intravenous route.Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenicdata.
May detonate at 220°C or during vacuum distillation.

In aviation, Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a corrosion inhibitor for aircraft components, such as landing gear, hydraulic systems, and fuel tanks.
Benzotriazole (BTA) helps protect critical aircraft parts from corrosion caused by exposure to harsh environmental conditions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in antifreeze formulations to inhibit the corrosion of metal components within a vehicle's cooling system.

Benzotriazole (BTA) helps maintain the efficiency and longevity of the cooling system.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is sometimes employed as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal pipes and equipment used in water distribution systems.
Benzotriazole (BTA) finds use in the oil and gas industry as a corrosion inhibitor for pipelines and storage tanks, where it helps prevent the degradation of metal surfaces exposed to oil and gas products.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in the automotive industry in various applications, such as protecting vehicle brake systems, engine components, and cooling systems from corrosion.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for steel reinforcement in concrete structures to increase their longevity and structural integrity.

Toxicity evaluation
According to a 1977 EPA report, benzotriazole is considered to be of very low toxicity and a low health hazard to humans.
In the same EPA report, two benzotriazole derivatives were reported to be mutagenic in bacterial systems.
A year later, NIH published a report that there was no convincing evidence that the compound is carcinogenic (NIH, 1978).

Benzotriazole (BTA) is, however, more recently well established that 1-amino benzotriazole, with an amino group attached to one of the ring nitrogens, is a potent mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P-450s via a benzyne intermediate (Ortiz de Montellano and Mathews, 1981), indicating that benzotriazoles as a class may interact with the P-450s.
The P450s are important both for detoxifying a broad range of xenobiotics and for activating many compounds to carcinogens in mammalian systems.

Synonyms
Benzotriazole (BTA)
Benzotriazole
95-14-7
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE
2H-Benzotriazole
Azimidobenzene
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
Aziminobenzene
Benztriazole
Benzisotriazole
Benzene azimide
Cobratec #99
2,3-Diazaindole
1,2-Aminoazophenylene
1,2,3-Triazaindene
Cobratec 99
2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
1,2,-Aminozophenylene
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
Cobratec 35G
NSC-3058
273-02-9
1,2,3Benzotriazole (BTA)
Verzone Crystal
NCI-C03521
Kemitec TT
Rusmin R
Seetec BT
CCRIS 78
27556-51-0
DTXSID6020147
U-6233
CHEBI:75331
HSDB 4143
EINECS 202-394-1
UNII-86110UXM5Y
BRN 0112133
AI3-15984
86110UXM5Y
MFCD00005699
DTXCID00147
EC 202-394-1
4-26-00-00093 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
1H-Benzotriazol
Benzotriazole (VAN)
Entek
BtaH
CAS-95-14-7
Pseudoazimidobenzene
Irgastab I 489
1,2,3-Benzotriazole,1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
azaindazole
benzotriazol
ISK 3
aza-indazole
3uzj
1 h-benzotriazole
1,3-Triazaindene
0CT
1,3-Benzotriazole
Cobratec No. 99
1,2-Aminozophenylene
1,2,3-Benztriazole
1H-1,3-Benzotriazole
1,3-Triaza-1H-indene
Benzotriazole (BTA) (VAN8C
WLN: T56 BMNNJ
SCHEMBL8956
1H-BT
BENZOTRIAZOLE [INCI]
MLS002302971
CHEMBL84963
1H-benzo-[1,2,3]triazole
D 32-108
Benzotriazole (BTA) [MI]
BDBM36293
NSC3058
Benzotriazole, analytical standard
HMS3091M10
AMY37120
Benzotriazole, reagent grade, 97%
CS-D1407
HY-Y0688
STR01561
Tox21_201501
Tox21_302934
BDBM50234613
STL281967
Benzotriazole, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE [HSDB]
Benzotriazole (BTA), >=98.0% (N)
AKOS000119181
AKOS025396849
PS-3644
NCGC00091322-01
NCGC00091322-02
NCGC00091322-03
NCGC00256574-01
NCGC00259052-01
BP-21454
SMR001252218
B0094
BB 0243857
FT-0606217
FT-0698151
Benzotriazole, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
EN300-17964
D77352
AB00374479-06
AC-907/34124039
Q220672
W-100172
Z57127352
F2190-0645
InChI=1/C6H5N3/c1-2-4-6-5(3-1)7-9-8-6/h1-4H,(H,7,8,9
BTR

SYNONYMS Phenol, 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-Dodecyl-4-Methyl-, Branched and Linear;2-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol;2-(2H- benzothiazol-2-yl)-6-(dodecyl)-4-methylphenol;2-( benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol;2-(2H- benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol CAS NO:125304-04-3

Azimidobenzene, Cobratec 99; 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole; 2,3-Diazaindole; 1,2-Aminozophenylene; 1,2,3-Benztriazole; 1,2,3-Benzotriazole; 1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene; 1,2,3-Triazaindene; Benzene Azimide; Benzene azimide; Benzisotriazole CAS NO:95-14-7

Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C7H5ClO.
Benzoyl chloride is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour, and consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with an acyl chloride (−C(=O)Cl) substituent.
Benzoyl chloride is mainly useful for the production of peroxides but is generally useful in other areas such as in the preparation of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and resins.

CAS Number: 98-88-4
EC Number: 202-710-8
Linear Formula:: C6H5COCl
Molecular Weight: 140.57


Benzoyl chloride is also known as benzene carbonyl chloride.
The chemical formula of benzoyl chloride is C7H5ClO.
Benzoyl chloride is a colourless liquid, boiling point 198°,fuming in moist air.

Benzoyl chloride has a pungent odour and its vapour causes profuse watering of eyes and nose.
Benzoyl chloride is practically insoluble in water.


Benzoyl chloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor.
Flash point of Benzoyl chloride is 162 °F.
Lachrymator, irritating to skin and eyes.

Benzoyl chloride is Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Density of Benzoyl chloride is 10.2 lb / gal.
Benzoyl chloride is Used in medicine and in the manufacture of other chemicals.

Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group.
Benzoyl chloride is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.

Benzoyl chloride has a role as a carcinogenic agent.
Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride and a member of benzenes.
Benzoyl chloride is functionally related to a benzoic acid.


Benzoyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group.
Benzoyl chloride is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.


Benzoyl chloride is an organochlorine useful for the production of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is slso employed in the synthesis of diverse organic compounds, including polymers, dyes, and heterocyclic compounds like pyridines and quinolines.
Benzoyl chloride is instrumental in the synthesis of hydroxy-substituted benzoyl chloride acids.


Depending on the reaction conditions, benzoyl chloride undergoes various transformations.
Benzoyl chloride readily reacts with amines to yield amides, with alcohols to form esters, and with phenols to generate aryl esters.
Furthermore, Benzoyl chloride can engage in reactions with carboxylic acids to produce acyl chlorides, and with thiols to generate thioesters.












USES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is used in tear gases to disperse mobs.
Benzoyl chloride is mainly useful for the production of peroxides.

Benzoyl chloride is also useful for preparation of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and resins.
Benzoyl chloride is also used in photography and artificial tannin production.


PREPARATION OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is produced from benzotrichloride using either water or benzoic acid:
C6H5CCl3 + H2O → C6H5COCl + 2 HCl
C6H5CCl3 + C6H5CO2H → 2 C6H5COCl + HCl

As with other acyl chlorides, Benzoyl chloride can be generated from the parent acid and standard chlorinating agents such as phosphorus pentachloride, thionyl chloride, and oxalyl chloride.
Benzoyl chloride was first prepared by treatment of benzaldehyde with chlorine.
An early method for production of benzoyl chloride involved chlorination of benzyl alcohol.


REACTIONS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride reacts with water to produce hydrochloric acid and benzoic acid:
C6H5COCl + H2O → C6H5COOH + HCl
Benzoyl chloride is a typical acyl chloride.

Benzoyl chloride reacts with alcohols to give the corresponding esters.
Similarly, Benzoyl chloride reacts with amines to give the amide.
Benzoyl chloride undergoes the Friedel-Crafts acylation with aromatic compounds to give the corresponding benzophenones and related derivatives.


With carbanions, Benzoyl chloride serves again as a source of the benzoyl cation synthon, C6H5CO+.
Benzoyl peroxide, a common reagent in polymer chemistry, is produced industrially by treating benzoyl chloride with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide:

2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O



APPLICATIONS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride may be used in the synthesis of the following organic building blocks:
• N,N-diethylbenzamide via condensation with diethylamine
• N-2-bromophenylbenzamide by reacting with 2-bromoaniline via N-benzoylation
• propargyl benzoate via O-benzoylation of propargyl alcohol

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Q1
What is the difference between benzyl chloride and benzoyl chloride?
Benzyl chloride is an aromatic halide having chemical formula C6H5CH2Cl .
Benzoyl chloride is acyl chloride having chemical formula C6H5COCl.

Q2
2. How do you get benzoyl chloride?
Benzoyl chloride is produced by the action of carbonyl chloride on benzene in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride (Friedel Crafts reaction).
Benzoyl chloride can also be produced by reaction of benzoic acid with phosphorus pentachloride.

Q3
3. Is benzoyl chloride soluble in water?
Slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents like alcohols, acetone, etc.
Benzoyl chloride reacts with hot water to produce benzoic acid

Q4
4. What is the action of benzoyl chloride on ethanamine?
Benzoyl chloride reacts with ethylamine to produce N- Ethyl benzamide:
C6H5COCl + C2H5NH2 → C6H5CONHC2H5 + HCl.

Q5
5. How is benzoic acid obtained from benzoyl chloride?
Benzoyl chloride reacts with hot water to produce benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid: C6H5COCl + H2O → C6H5CO2H + HCl.




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Chemical formula C7H5ClO
Molar mass 140.57 g•mol−1
Appearance colorless liquid
Odor Benzaldehyde like but more pungent
Density 1.21 g/mL, liquid
Melting point −1 °C (30 °F; 272 K)
Boiling point 197.2 °C (387.0 °F; 470.3 K)
Solubility in water reacts, forms hydrogen chloride on contact with water
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -75.8•10−6 cm3/mol
vapor density: 4.88 (vs air)
Quality Level : 200
vapor pressure : 1 mmHg ( 32 °C)
Assay: 98.0-100.5%
99%
Form : liquid
autoignition temp.: 1056 °F
expl. lim. : 4.9 %
Impurities: ≤0.002% P compounds
ign. Residue: ≤0.005%
refractive index: n20/D 1.553 (lit.)
bp: 198 °C (lit.)
Mp: −1 °C (lit.)
transition temp: freezing point −2.0-0.0 °C
density: 1.211 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
cation traces
Fe: ≤0.001%
heavy metals (as Pb): ≤0.001%
Molecular Weight 140.56 g/mol
XLogP3 2.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Rotatable Bond Count 1
Exact Mass 140.0028925 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 140.0028925 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 17.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count 9
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 106
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Boiling point 197.2 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.21 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 2.5 - 27 %(V)
Flash point 93 °C
Ignition temperature 600 °C
Melting Point -0.6 °C
pH value 2 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.5 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive Index 1.5537 (20 °C, 589 nm)
Solubility (20 °C) (decomposition)
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 1.210 - 1.214
Identity (IR) passes test
Chemical Formula: C7H5ClO
Flash Point: 162°F (NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): 1.2 % (NTP, 1992)
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): 4.9 % (NTP, 1992)
Autoignition Temperature: data unavailable
Melting Point: 30.2°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mmHg at 68°F ; 1 mmHg at 89.8°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): 4.88 (NTP, 1992)
Specific Gravity: 1.211 at 77°F (USCG, 1999)
Boiling Point: 387°F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
Molecular Weight: 140.57 (NTP, 1992)
Water Solubility: Decomposes (NTP, 1992)
Boiling point 197.2 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.210 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 2.5 - 27 %(V)
Flash point 72 °C
Ignition temperature 600 °C
Melting Point -0.6 °C
pH value 2 (1 g/l, H₂O)
Vapor pressure 0.5 hPa (20 °C)


SYNONYMS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
BENZOYL CHLORIDE
98-88-4
Benzoic acid, chloride
Benzenecarbonyl chloride
Benzoylchloride
alpha-Chlorobenzaldehyde
benzoic acid chloride
Benzaldehyde, alpha-chloro-
CCRIS 802
HSDB 383
EINECS 202-710-8
UNII-VTY8706W36
BRN 0471389
DTXSID9026631
CHEBI:82275
BenzoylChloride-13C7
VTY8706W36
benzoyl-carbonyl-13c chloride
Benzaldehyde, .alpha.-chloro-
DTXCID106631
EC 202-710-8
4-09-00-00721 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
benzoylchlorid
Cloruro de benzoilo
Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
UN1736
benzoyl chlorid
benzoyl choride
bezoyl chloride
benzoic chloride
BzCl
benzoyl chloride-
PhCOCl
Bz-Cl
MFCD00000653
Benzoyl chloride [UN1736] [Corrosive]
.alpha.-Chlorobenzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde, |A-chloro-
SCHEMBL1241
BENZOIC ACID,CHLORIDE
BENZOYL CHLORIDE [MI]
Benzoyl Chloride, ACS reagent
Benzoylchloride, ACS Reagent,
BENZOYL CHLORIDE [HSDB]
BENZOYL CHLORIDE [INCI]
CHEMBL2260719
Benzoyl chloride, AR, >=99%
Benzoyl chloride, LR, >=99%
CS-B1785
Tox21_200431
STL264120
Benzoyl chloride, ACS reagent, 99%
AKOS000121308
UN 1736
CAS-98-88-4
Benzoyl chloride, purum, >=99% (GC)
Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00248610-01
NCGC00257985-01
Benzoyl chloride, p.a., 98-100.5%
PS-10801
B0105
DIBENZOYL CHLORIDE (BENZOYL CHLORIDE)
FT-0622741
FT-0639824
Benzoyl chloride, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
C19168
A845919
Q412825
InChI=1/C7H5ClO/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5

Benzoyl chloride is an organochlorine useful for the production of peroxides
Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C6H5COCl.


CAS Number: 98-88-4
EC Number: 202-710-8
MDL number: MFCD00000653
Linear Formula: C6H5COCl
Chemical formula: C7H5ClO



Benzoic acid chloride, alpha-chlorobenzaldehyde, BENZOYL CHLORIDE, 98-88-4, Benzoic acid, chloride, Benzenecarbonyl chloride, Benzoylchloride, alpha-Chlorobenzaldehyde, benzoic acid chloride, Benzaldehyde, alpha-chloro-, CCRIS 802, HSDB 383, EINECS 202-710-8, UNII-VTY8706W36, BRN 0471389, DTXSID9026631, CHEBI:82275, BenzoylChloride-13C7, VTY8706W36, benzoyl-carbonyl-13c chloride, Benzaldehyde, .alpha.-chloro-, DTXCID106631, EC 202-710-8, 4-09-00-00721 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Benzoylchlorid, Cloruro de benzoilo, Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, UN1736, benzoyl chlorid, benzoyl choride, bezoyl chloride, benzoic chloride, BzCl, benzoyl chloride-, PhCOCl, Bz-Cl, MFCD00000653, Benzoyl chloride, .alpha.-Chlorobenzaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, |A-chloro-, SCHEMBL1241, BENZOIC ACID,CHLORIDE, BENZOYL CHLORIDE [MI], Benzoyl Chloride, ACS reagent, Benzoylchloride, ACS Reagent, BENZOYL CHLORIDE [HSDB], BENZOYL CHLORIDE [INCI], CHEMBL2260719, Benzoyl chloride, AR, >=99%, Benzoyl chloride, LR, >=99%, CS-B1785, Tox21_200431, Benzoyl chloride, ACS reagent, 99%, AKOS000121308, UN 1736, CAS-98-88-4, Benzoyl chloride, purum, >=99% (GC), Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, NCGC00248610-01, NCGC00257985-01, Benzoyl chloride, p.a., 98-100.5%, PS-10801, B0105, DIBENZOYL CHLORIDE (BENZOYL CHLORIDE), FT-0622741, FT-0639824, Benzoyl chloride, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%, C19168, A845919, Q412825, InChI=1/C7H5ClO/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5, Benzaldehyde, α-chloro-, Benzenecarbonyl chloride, Benzoic acid, chloride, α-Chlorobenzaldehyde, UN 1736, benzenecarbonyl chloride, α-chlorobenzaldehyde, benzoic acid chloride, α-chlorobenzaldehyde, benzenecarbonyl chloride, benzoic acid chloride



Benzoyl chloride is a colourless liquid with a sharp irritating odour.
Benzoyl chloride is an industrial chemical used to produce dyes, pharmaceuticals and perfumes
Benzoyl chloride is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour.


Benzoyl chloride appears as an odourless, flaring liquid.
Benzoyl chloride is one type of acyl halide compound and is mainly used to make peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride serves as a crucial chemical building block in the production of various compounds, medicines, dyes, fragrances, and herbicides.


Benzoyl chloride belongs to the benzenes and is an acyl chloride.
Benzoyl chloride is similar to benzoic acid in terms of function.
Although generally useful in other fields, such as the manufacturing of colours, perfumes, medicines, and resins, Benzoyl chloride is most useful for the production of peroxides.


Benzoyl chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C7H5ClO.


Benzoyl chloride is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour, and consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with an acyl chloride (−C(=O)Cl) substituent.
Benzoyl chloride is mainly useful for the production of peroxides but is generally useful in other areas such as in the preparation of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and resins.


Benzoyl chloride is an organochlorine useful for the production of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor.
Flash point of Benzoyl chloride is 162 °F.


Density of Benzoyl chloride is 10.2 lb / gal.
Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group.
Benzoyl chloride is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.


Benzoyl chloride has a role as a carcinogenic agent.
Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride and a member of benzenes.
Benzoyl chloride is functionally related to a benzoic acid.


Benzoyl chloride is also known as benzene carbonyl chloride.
The chemical formula of benzoyl chloride is C7H5ClO.
Benzoyl chloride is a colourless liquid, boiling point 198°,fuming in moist air.


Benzoyl chloride has a pungent odour and its vapour causes profuse watering of eyes and nose.
Benzoyl chloride is practically insoluble in water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.


Other release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.


Benzoyl chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.
Benzoyl chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.


Release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).


Benzoyl chloride is used certain dyes are produced using benzyl chloride as a chemical intermediary.
Benzoyl chloride is used in photographic development, benzoyl chloride is utilised.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the benzoylation process, benzoyl chloride is used to reduce the hydrophobicity.


Benzoyl chloride is used in making perfumes.
In order to make peroxides, benzoyl chloride is primarily used.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the production of peroxides or the production of perfumes, pharmaceuticals and resins.


Benzoyl chloride is used for the synthesis of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is employed in the production of dyes and perfumes.
Benzoyl chloride also serves in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and resins.


Benzoyl chloride is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.


Other release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Benzoyl chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Benzoyl chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.


Benzoyl chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Other release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Benzoyl chloride is also employed in the synthesis of diverse organic compounds, including polymers, dyes, and heterocyclic compounds like pyridines and quinolines.


It is instrumental in the synthesis of hydroxy-substituted benzoyl chloride acids.
Depending on the reaction conditions, benzoyl chloride undergoes various transformations.
Benzoyl chloride readily reacts with amines to yield amides, with alcohols to form esters, and with phenols to generate aryl esters.


Furthermore, Benzoyl chloride can engage in reactions with carboxylic acids to produce acyl chlorides, and with thiols to generate thioesters.
Benzoyl chloride is widely utilized for the synthesis of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is employed in the production of dyes and perfumes.


Benzoyl chloride also serves in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and resins.
Benzoyl chloride is widely utilized for the synthesis of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is employed in the production of dyes and perfumes.


Benzoyl chloride also serves in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and resins.
Benzoyl chloride is used in medicine and in the manufacture of other chemicals.
Benzoyl chloride is used in tear gases to disperse mobs.


Benzoyl chloride is mainly useful for the production of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is also useful for preparation of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and resins.
Benzoyl chloride is also used in photography and artificial tannin production.



PREPARATION OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl Chloride is prepared most conveniently in the laboratory by distilling benzoic acid with phosphorus pentachloride or with thionyl chloride.
C6H5COOH + PCI5 → C6H5COCl + POCl3 + HCI
C6H5COOH + SOCl2 → C6H5COCl + SO2 + HCI

Benzoyl chloride is also produced by the action of carbonyl chloride on benzene in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride (Friedel Crafts reaction).
C6H6 + ClCOCl → C6H5COCl + HCI
Benzoyl Chloride is made commercially by chlorination of boiling benzaldehyde.
C6H5CHO + Cl2 → C6H5COCl + HCI



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is slowly hydrolysed by hot water to form benzoic acid.
C6H5COCl + H2O → C6H5COOH + HCI

Benzoyl chloride reacts with alcohol and phenol to form esters.
C6H5COCl + C2H5OH → C6H5COOC2H5 + HCI
C6H5COCl + C6H5OH → C6H5COOC6H5 + HCI

Benzoyl chloride undergoes Friedel Craft acylation in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride.
Benzoyl chloride reacts with benzene formed benzophenone.
C6H5COCl + C6H6 → C6H5COC6H5 + HCI



FORMULA AND STRUCTURE OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
The chemical formula of benzoyl chloride is C7H5ClO
An acyl chloride called benzoyl chloride is made up of benzene with an acyl chloride group in place of the hydrogen atom.



REACTIONS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Some important Benzoyl chloride reactions include
1.
N-phenyl benzamide is the main product and HCl is a byproduct of the reaction between aniline and benzoyl chloride.
Lone pair of N atoms attack the benzoyl chloride’s acidic carbon.
2.
In the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, benzoyl chloride undergoes Friedel Craft acylation.
When combined with benzene, Benzoyl chloride produces benzophenone.
Benzoyl chloride undergoes Friedel Craft acylation
3.
Benzamide is produced when benzoyl chloride reacts with excess ammonia.
Benzoyl chloride reacts with excess ammonia



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride has a strong pungent smell and is a light shade of yellow.
Benzoyl chloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid.
The melting point of benzoyl chloride is -1°C.

Benzoyl chloride's boiling point is 197.2°C.
Benzoyl chloride's density is 1.211g/cm3
Benzoyl chloride is soluble in benzene, ether, chloroform, and carbon disulfide.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride interacts with alcohol to produce the appropriate esters.
C6H5COCl+C2H5OH⟶C6H5COOC2H5+HCl

Hot water and benzoyl chloride combine to form benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid.
C6H5COCl+H2O⟶C6H5CO2H+HCl

N-Ethyl benzamide is formed when benzoyl chloride and ethylamine combine.
C6H5COCl+C2H5NH2⟶C6H5CONHC2H5+HCl



SOLUBILITY OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is miscible with water, ether, benzene, carbon disulfide and carbon tetra chloride.
Benzoyl chloride isincompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases and alcohols.



OVERVIEW OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Organochlorine Compound:
The most important application of benzoyl chloride is the production of benzoyl peroxide, that is commonly used for skin treatment, as an initiator in the polymer industry and to bleach wheat and rice.
Benzoyl Chloride is an organochlorine compound that is colorless with an unpleasant scent.



PREPARATION OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is produced from benzotrichloride using either water or benzoic acid:
C6H5CCl3 + H2O → C6H5COCl + 2 HCl
C6H5CCl3 + C6H5CO2H → 2 C6H5COCl + HCl

As with other acyl chlorides, Benzoyl chloride can be generated from the parent acid and standard chlorinating agents such as phosphorus pentachloride, thionyl chloride, and oxalyl chloride.
Benzoyl chloride was first prepared by treatment of benzaldehyde with chlorine.
An early method for production of benzoyl chloride involved chlorination of benzyl alcohol.



REACTIONS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride reacts with water to produce hydrochloric acid and benzoic acid:
C6H5COCl + H2O → C6H5COOH + HCl
Benzoyl chloride is a typical acyl chloride.

Benzoyl chloride reacts with alcohols to give the corresponding esters.
Similarly, Benzoyl chloride reacts with amines to give the amide.
Benzoyl chloride undergoes the Friedel-Crafts acylation with aromatic compounds to give the corresponding benzophenones and related derivatives.

With carbanions, Benzoyl chloride serves again as a source of the benzoyl cation synthon, C6H5CO+.
Benzoyl peroxide, a common reagent in polymer chemistry, is produced industrially by treating benzoyl chloride with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide:
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Chemical formula: C7H5ClO
Molar mass:140.57 g·mol−1
Appearance:colorless liquid
Odor: Benzaldehyde like but more pungent
Density: 1.21 g/mL, liquid
Melting point: −1 °C (30 °F; 272 K)
Boiling point: 197.2 °C (387.0 °F; 470.3 K)
Solubility in water: reacts, forms hydrogen chloride on contact with water
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -75.8·10−6 cm3/mol
Molecular Weight: 140.56 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 140.0028925 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 140.0028925 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 106
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 98-88-4
EC index number: 607-012-00-0
EC number: 202-710-8

Hill Formula: C₇H₅Cl O
Chemical formula: C₆H₅COCl
Molar Mass: 140.57 g/mol
HS Code: 2916 32 00
Boiling point: 197.2 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.210 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 2.5 - 27 %(V)
Flash point: 72 °C
Ignition temperature: 600 °C
Melting Point: -0.6 °C
pH value: 2 (1 g/l, H₂O)
Vapor pressure: 0.5 hPa (20 °C)
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: pungent

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -1 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 198 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 27 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 2,5 %(V)
Flash point: 72 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 600 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 2 at 1 g/l(External MSDS)

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 2 g/l
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 32 °C
Density: 1,211 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: 1,21 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 4,85 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor 4,85 - (Air = 1.0)
Chemical Formula: C7H5ClO
Molar Mass/ Molecular Weight: 140.57 grams/mol
Density: 1.21grams/cm3
Melting Point: −1 °C (272 K)
Boiling Point: 197.2 °C (470.3 K)
Appearance: colourless liquid
Boiling point: 387°F
Molecular weight: 140.57
Freezing point/melting point: 30.2°F

Vapor pressure: 0.4 mmHg
Flash point: 162°F
Vapor density: 4.88
Specific gravity: 1.211
Ionization potential:
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 1.2%
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 4.9%
NFPA health rating: 3
NFPA fire rating: 2
NFPA reactivity rating: 2
Boiling Point/Range: 197 °C (1.013 hPa)
Color: Colorless to Yellowish
Density: 1.21 g/cm3 (20 °C)

Flashpoint: 93 °C
Form: Liquid
Grade: Chemical Synthesis
Incompatible Materials: Metals, Strong bases, Water, Alcohols, Amines
Lower Explosion Limit: 2.5 %(V)
Melting Point/Range: -1 °C
Partition Coefficient: No data available
Purity Percentage: 99.00
Purity Details: >=99.00%
Solubility in Water: Decomposes in contact with water.
Upper Explosion Limit: 27 %(V)
Vapor Pressure: 0.84 hPa (25 °C)
Viscosity: No data available
pH-Value: No data available
Product Line: Purum
Storage Temperature: Ambient



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
*Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
Foam Water
-Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
Acid-resistant protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store under inert gas.
Moisture sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).


CAS Number: 94-36-0
Molecular Formula: C14H10O4



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Benzoyl peroxide is a medication that comes as a skin cream, gel or lotion.
Benzoyl peroxide treats mild to moderate acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is a well-known ingredient for fighting acne.


Available in over-the-counter (OTC) gels, cleansers, and spot treatments, Benzoyl peroxide comes in different concentrations for mild to moderate breakouts.
While benzoyl peroxide can effectively get rid of bacteria and dead skin cells that clog your pores, it has limitations.
Benzoyl peroxide treats acne or rosacea.


Benzoyl peroxide works by decreasing inflammation and killing or preventing the growth of bacteria on your skin.
Benzoyl peroxide belongs to a group of medications called antibiotics.
Benzoyl peroxide may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.


Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Benzoyl peroxide is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.


Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.
Benzoyl peroxide is one of the most widely-used skincare ingredients for the treatment and management of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent used for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris and rosacea.


Benzoyl peroxide is a topical acne treatment.
Benzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to kill bacteria that cause acne breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide also fights acne by removing excess oil and dead skin cells.


You can find Benzoyl peroxide in many over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription products marketed for clearer skin.
Benzoyl peroxide formulas include skin cleansers, toners, gels, and creams.
While benzoyl peroxide is very effective on acne, it can also irritate skin and cause dryness and flaking.


Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medication used to treat acne breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide's found in many different forms, from cleansers, lotions, creams, gels, and toner-like solutions.
Benzoyl peroxide is the gold standard topical ingredient in treating acne.


There is no miracle cure for acne, but Benzoyl Peroxide (BP) is probably the closest thing we have.
But, as usual, big effects come with big side effects, so we think Benzoyl peroxide is best used as a last resort (at least, in the topical treatment field).


The good thing about Benzoyl peroxide is that it is amazingly effective against inflammatory-type acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is not so much against blackheads or whiteheads, but against acne that is caused by the evil bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes (and that is most types of acne).


Apart from being antibacterial, it is also anti-inflammatory, keratolytic and wound-healing, all of which are properties that make Benzoyl peroxide so darn effective against spots.
Another big pro of Benzoyl peroxide is that there is no bacterial resistance to it, meaning if it works once it will continue to work.


Antibiotics are also a common way to treat acne, but antibiotic-resistant P. acnes are increasing worldwide.
Benzoyl peroxide will probably help you even if antibiotics have stopped working, and the two are also often combined for a more complex acne therapy.
Btw, Benzoyl peroxide plays nice not only with antibiotics but also with retinoids.


This skincare Benzoyl peroxide can be helpful for many people with acne-prone skin.
However, there are some instances where your dermatologist may not recommend benzoyl peroxide.
For instance, Benzoyl peroxide may not be suitable for people with very sensitive skin or existing skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis.


Benzoyl peroxide is an acne treatment available over the counter, without having to see a doctor or nurse, as well as being available through a prescription from a healthcare professional.
Benzoyl peroxide can be found in products in 2.5% to 10% concentrations and is often available as washes, creams and gels.


However, there is little evidence to suggest that 10% benzoyl peroxide is significantly more effective than 2.5%.
When using of Benzoyl peroxide 10% concentrations there is an increased risk of skin irritation.
If you are not able to find benzoyl peroxide in an over the counter product at your local pharmacy then it may also be available on prescription from your healthcare provider.


Benzoyl peroxide also has bleaching qualities.
Products for hair bleaching and teeth whitening may contain higher concentrations of Benzoyl peroxide.
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a chemical compound that is used as an ingredient in many topical acne treatments, such as cleansers, gels, lotions, and spot treatments.


Benzoyl peroxide has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and is considered one of the most effective acne treatments found in over-the-counter skincare products.
Benzoyl Peroxide is a chemical compound; each molecule contains two benzoyl groups connected by a peroxide bridge.


Benzoyl peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent and forms an essential industrial chemical.
Benzoyl peroxide is commonly abbreviated as BPO.
Benzoyl peroxide is an antiseptic used to kill bacteria on the surface of the skin.


Benzoyl peroxide is an organic peroxide with oxidising activity, meaning it has the ability to release oxygen on the skin to kill bacteria.
The structure of benzoyl peroxide is similar to hydrogen peroxide, which is commonly used to treat cuts and wounds.
Besides its antimicrobial properties, benzoyl peroxide is anti-inflammatory and can open up clogged pores on the skin.


Benzoyl peroxide is a bactericidal substance, meaning that it kills bacteria.
Propionibacterium acnes is the type of bacteria that is involved in the growth of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide effectively kills this acne causing bacteria and is available as an over-the-counter product in different forms.


Most commonly, Benzoyl peroxide can easily be bought from a specialized dermatology pharmacy as a gel, in a cleanser, or as a spot treatment.
In higher concentrations, Benzoyl peroxide can be found in teeth whitening agents and hair bleaching products because it does have a bleaching quality.
Benzoyl peroxide can even remove dark spots and pimples or acne scars.


The key difference between any benzoyl peroxide product and other topical antibiotics for acne like clindamycin is that our bodies do not build up an antibiotic resistance to the product.
This means benzoyl peroxide can be consistently used to treat acne without the worry that it will lose its effect.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide products are usually used to treat mild to moderate acne.
When used to treat acne, benzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel.
Benzoyl peroxide may help to decrease symptoms caused by rosacea, such as pimples and bumps on the face.


There are many benzoyl peroxide products available.
Some products (such as creams, cleansers, foam, or lotions) may require a prescription.
Benzoyl peroxide is effective for treating acne lesions.


Benzoyl peroxide does not induce antibiotic resistance.
Benzoyl peroxide may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with benzoyl peroxide unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.


Combination products such as benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than benzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.
The combination tretinoin/benzoyl peroxide was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.


Benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of benzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.


Benzoyl peroxideis mostly found in gel form for use as a spot treatment, but it can also be utilised in liquid washes or creams (often in lower concentrations).
Some body products that directly target breakouts also contain benzoyl peroxide, as do a few exfoliating formulas designed to treat blocked pores.


Benzoyl peroxide is a commonly used drug in topical treatments for acne.
Benzoyl peroxide has been formulated as products with either a single active ingredient, or with erythromycin, clindamycin, or adapalene.
After administration, the peroxide bond is cleaved, allowing benzoyloxy radicals to nonspecifically interact with proteins.


This treatment decreases keratin and sebum around follicles, as well as increasing turnover of epithelial cells.
Benzoyl peroxide, in combination with erythromycin, was granted FDA approval on 26 October 1984.
Benzoyl peroxide can be found in a wide range of topical acne treatments, including acne gels, cleansers, lotions, spot treatments, and more.


Benzoyl peroxide is FDA-approved for the treatment of acne and has been a mainstay in acne products since the 1930s.
Benzoyl peroxide works by minimizing a type of acne-causing bacteria known as P. acnes.
When used as part of a consistent acne routine, benzoyl peroxide can help visibly clear acne and help prevent new acne breakouts from forming.


Benzoyl peroxide also helps promote the shedding of dead skin cells that can lead to clogged pores (and acne breakouts).
Benzoyl peroxide has antibacterial properties and may be an effective topical treatment for acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is available on prescription, over the counter, or in everyday cleansers and other skin care products.


People can find benzoyl peroxide in various skin care products, including gels, creams, and face washes.
People can use benzoyl peroxide topically on the skin to help treat acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is a bactericidal substance, which means that it kills bacteria.


When a person applies it to the skin, benzoyl peroxide works against Propionibacterium acnes, which are the bacteria involved in causing acne.
Unlike topical antibiotic treatments for acne, such as clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide does not lead to antibiotic resistance.
People can find benzoyl peroxide in over-the-counter (OTC) topical treatments or in lower concentrations in supermarket products, such as face and body washes.


Benzoyl peroxide is used to treat mild to moderate acne.
Benzoyl peroxide comes in cleansing liquid or bar, lotion, cream, and gel for use on the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide usually is used one or two times daily.


Start with once daily to see how your skin reacts to this medication.
Follow the directions on the package or on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.
Use benzoyl peroxide exactly as directed.


Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than directed by your doctor.
Apply a small amount of the benzoyl peroxide product to one or two small areas you want to treat for 3 days when you begin to use this medication for the first time.


If no reaction or discomfort occurs, use the product as directed on the package or on your prescription label.
The cleansing liquid and bar are used to wash the affected area as directed.
To use the lotion, cream, or gel, first wash the affected skin areas and gently pat dry with a towel.


Then apply a small amount of benzoyl Peroxide, rub it in gently.
Benzoyl peroxide is a commonly used topical treatment for mild acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is safe for adults and children and can be used in pregnancy.


Benzoyl peroxide is primarily used to treat acne.
Benzoyl peroxide can be found in a variety of over-the-counter acne-fighting treatments, such as cleansers, lotions, and spot treatments.
Benzoyl peroxide works to reduce both the severity and frequency of acne breakouts.


Benzoyl peroxide is often used in acne cleansers, which are an important first step in any acne skincare regimen.
Benzoyl peroxide is a clinically proven ingredient, widely used as an effective treatment for acne, and prevents it from further entering the terrain of your skin.


Benzoyl peroxide is keratolytic and causes a free radical reaction to break the keratin, unblocking the drainage of sebum to the outside.
Benzoyl peroxide acts as an exfoliant, helping the pores to flush out the excess skin debris and oils.
Benzoyl peroxide has bactericidal properties and helps treat acne by acting as an oxidizing agent on the skin’s surface.


After it is absorbed by the skin, benzoyl peroxide transforms into benzoic acid, 95% of which is absorbed by the body for further excretion through the kidneys.
Cysteine in the skin metabolises the benzoic acid which then oxidises the bacterial proteins.


Thus benzoic acid helps reduce acne vulgaris by minimizing the lipids, free fatty acids, and C.acnes.
Essentially, when applied to the affected skin surface, benzoyl peroxide acts as an exfoliating agent and destroys bacteria too.
Benzoyl peroxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that is able to effectively provide relief for active acne, while its anti-comedogenic properties help to keep pores clean and prevent clogging.


When used to treat acne, benzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel.
Benzoyl peroxide also reduces oil production and can prevent folliculitis (or inflamed hair follicles).
Despite being a popular ingredient in a large variety of acne gels, cleansers, and other acne OTC products, has some shortcomings too.


Benzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne (blackheads, whiteheads, pimples).
Benzoyl peroxide works by it killing the germs (bacteria) that cause acne, and softens and removes outer layers of the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide also reduces redness, soreness and inflammation and it helps to unplug blocked pores.


Benzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne.
Benzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of bacteria that cause acne.
Benzoyl peroxide comes as a gel or face wash, gel, cream, or spot treatment.


This powerful anti-acne medication is available over the counter.
Benzoyl peroxide can work to prevent and treat acne by cleansing your pores of bacteria as well as clearing dead skin and sebum (oil) from the affected area.


Benzoyl peroxide is often found in combination topical acne treatments with adapalene or clindamycin.
People who have sensitive skin should consult with their doctor before using products containing benzoyl peroxide.
The most common formulations of Benzoyl peroxide contain 2.5 to 10% benzoyl peroxide.


Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) has been an important component of topical therapy for acne vulagaris for more than five decades due to its ability to markedly reduce Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and inflammatory acne lesions and its ability to moderately reduce noninflammatory acne lesions.


-Leave-on Treatments of Benzoyl peroxide:
Topical benzoyl peroxide gels and creams are typically more potent. They can be applied directly to individual pimples or used all over.
After washing and drying your skin, apply a thin layer of cream or gel to the desired treatment area.

Allow the treatment to soak in for several minutes.
If the medication is still visible after 30 minutes, you can gently wipe off the excess with a damp cloth (if desired).
Apply sunscreen before going out in the sun.
Leave-on spot treatments can be used one to three times a day.


-Benzoyl peroxide for acne scars:
Acne scars are sometimes a result of an acne outbreak.
This is especially the case with inflammatory acne, even if you successfully resist the urge to pick at the lesions.
Acne scars can worsen with sun exposure, so it’s important to wear sunscreen every day.
In theory, benzoyl peroxide could also help shed dead skin cells and make the scars less prominent.



USES OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE FOR SKIN:
1. Benzoyl Peroxide For Acne
Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medication for acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is found in cleansers, lotions, gels, creams and toners.

Benzoyl peroxide is an OTC (over-the-counter) treatment, but is also available in prescription strength.
Benzoyl peroxide treatment works well for mild acne, while prescription strength benzoyl peroxide works for moderate acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is one of the active ingredients in many combination prescription treatments for acne like BenzaClin, Benzamycin, Acanya, Duac, Epiduo, etc.

2. Benzoyl Peroxide For Dark Spots Or Scars
Inflammatory acne like papules, pustules, nodules and cystic acne leave scars or dark spots on the skin.
No matter how much you resist the urge to pick at them, Benzoyl peroxide is common to see dark spots or scars post acne.

Some skin care experts opine that benzoyl peroxide can shed dead skin cells and make the dark spots or scars seem less prominent.
However, benzoyl peroxide’s function as an exfoliant is not scientifically proven.

3. Benzoyl Peroxide For Warts
Warts are small, flat or round bumps that appear on the face, legs and back of hands.
Benzoyl peroxide is prescribed for warts as it can irritate the skin and cause the skin to peel, resulting in removal of warts.
5% benzoyl peroxide is usually recommended by your dermatologist which is available as an OTC treatment.

4. Benzoyl Peroxide For Scalp

5. Benzoyl Peroxide For Boils
Boils are caused by bacteria and inflamed follicles.
Benzoyl peroxide can be used to treat boils as it can kill the pathogenic bacteria when applied topically.

6. Benzoyl Peroxide For Rosacea
Benzoyl peroxide can be used to treat rosacea but is not approved by FDA for the treatment of rosacea.
Rosacea is a skin condition that causes visible blood vessels on the skin.

Benzoyl peroxide may irritate the skin in patients with rosacea.
So consult your dermatologist before you begin the treatment.

7. Benzoyl Peroxide For Skin Whitening
Benzoyl peroxide is a bleaching agent and can turn the skin whiter.
While you are using topical benzoyl peroxide, you may notice your skin turning one shade lighter after prolonged use.
It is for this reason that benzoyl peroxide is not advised for scalp acne, as it can turn the hair white.

8. Can Benzoyl Peroxide Be Used For Milia
Milia or milk spots are keratin-filled spots that appear on the face.
Benzoyl peroxide is not an effective treatment for milia.



5 USES FOR BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Products that use benzoyl peroxide are typically used to treat the following conditions.
1. Treating inflammatory acne:
Benzoyl peroxide is the preferred over-the-counter treatment for inflammatory acne, characterized by redness, pus-filled bumps, and blemishes.

2. Treating bodily acne:
Body washes and shower gels containing benzoyl peroxide are often used to treat acne on the back, neck, and other parts of the body.

3. Treating blackheads and whiteheads:
Benzoyl peroxide is occasionally used to help clear dead skin cells and oil that can cause breakouts of blackheads or whiteheads, but retinoids are considered a more effective treatment.

4. Treating acne scars:
Inflammatory acne can often leave red, dry scars.
Benzoyl peroxide may assist in clearing dead skin cells from scarred areas, but a better treatment is to regularly use sunscreen to avoid sun damage to acne scars.

5. Treating cystic acne:
Cystic acne is a serious kind of acne characterized by large bumps under the skin with no discernible head.
Benzoyl peroxide can be used to treat cystic acne in combination with other medications and with the consultation of a dermatologist.



BENEFITS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
*Ease out inflammation
*Reduces all inflammatory acne such as pustules, papules, cysts, and nodules
*Prevents future breakout
*Unclog pores and smoothen skin texture
*Prevents acne scars and dark spots
*Some skincare experts opine that Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can shed dead skin cells and make the dark spots or acne scars seem less prominent (Yet, it requires more amount of research to prove the above claims.
Benzoyl peroxide can play an active role in sweeping out the dead skin cells and excess oils from the pores.



TYPE OF INGREDIENT OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
*Anti-bacterial


MAIN BENEFITS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide reduces acne-causing bacteria


WHO SHOULD USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
In general, benzoyl peroxide is suitable for those looking to treat mild to moderate acne at home.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide shouldn't be used more than twice per day, at most.


BENZOYL PEROXIDE WORKS WELL WITH:
Benzoyl peroxide works well in combination with salicyclic acid to treat acne.


BENZOYL PEROXIDE DON'T USE WITH:
Don't use multiple benzoyl peroxide products at once.
Benzoyl peroxide may also reduce the efficacy of vitamin C products when used as part of the same routine.



BENEFITS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
*Kills acne-causing bacteria:
Benzoyl peroxide treats breakouts by killing the bacteria that causes acne.

*Removes excess oil:
If excess shine is a concern for you, you may benefit from a benzoyl peroxide cleanser, which some have claimed has a mattifying effect on the skin.

*Removes dead skin cells:
Benzoyl peroxide may help improve the efficacy of other products by reducing the buildup of dead skin cells.
Benzoyl peroxide allows for your serums and moisturizers to more easily penetrate.



HOW TO APPLY BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Washes can be used once or two times a day.
Leave on the skin for 30 seconds before rinsing thoroughly.
Apply gels and creams as a thin layer once daily.

At the start, for the first 3 days when you begin treatment, apply the the cream or gel for a short time (about 2 hours), then wash it off.
If you tolerate this, with no irritation, then apply once daily, at night, and leave on the skin overnight, washing it off in the morning.
Some people may tolerate twice daily applications.

Make sure the skin is clean and dry before applying.
It can be used on the face as well as the chest and back.
As you apply benzoyl peroxide, try to avoid getting it on the sensitive areas of your skin in or around your nostrils, your eyes and your mouth.

Do not apply it to any areas of skin that are irritated or sore.
If your skin peels or becomes very dry, use an oil-free moisturiser.
Acne responds very slowly to treatment, so it may take several weeks to months to notice improvement.



WHAT DOES BENZOYL PEROXIDE DO FOR YOUR SKIN?
Benzoyl peroxide has been an ingredient in skincare products for many years.
Benzoyl peroxide's primary role is to kill bacteria.
When applied to your skin, benzoyl peroxide also works as a drying agent.
This causes your skin to dry and peel, removing dead skin cells from your pores.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE MAY BE FOUND IN THE FOLLOWING ACNE TREATMENT PRODUCTS:
*acne creams and lotions: typically applied once or twice a day on the entire area of skin as both a treatment and preventive measure
*face washes and foams: used once or twice a day to help prevent acne and treat existing lesions
*acne body washes and soaps: ideal if you have frequent breakouts on the chest, back, and other areas of the body
*gels: tend to come in the form of spot treatments with higher concentrations and are typically applied only to the affected area



HOW DOES BENZOYL PEROXIDE WORK?
Benzoyl peroxide works by counteracting the inflammation triggers that are released into the skin by bacteria.
Benzoyl peroxide also kills a certain type of bacteria called P. acnes, which is the main bacteria that is associated with acne.
In addition, benzoyl peroxide also helps to reduce acne-causing oil production by the sebaceous glands in your skin.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE MASKS:
Acne masks containing benzoyl peroxide should not be used more than once a week unless otherwise instructed by a dermatologist.
Start by washing your face with a non-medicated cleanser, then pat dry.
Apply the mask evenly over the area you want to treat.
Leave the treatment on for 15 to 20 minutes (or according to package directions).
Wash off using warm water.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE HAS THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES:
*Antiseptic uses of Benzoyl peroxide:
Benzoyl peroxide reduces the number of skin surface bacteria (but it does not cause bacterial resistance and in fact can reduce bacterial resistance if this has arisen from antibiotic therapy).
Benzoyl peroxide also reduces the number of yeasts on the skin surface.

*Oxidizing agent:
This makes Benzoyl peroxide keratolytic and comedolytic (it reduces the number of comedones).

*Benzoyl peroxide has anti-inflammatory action.
Benzoyl peroxide is available as cream, gel, lotion and washes at concentrations of 2.5 %, 5 % and 10 %.
Benzoyl peroxide may be combined with other topical or oral therapy.
Benzoyl peroxide is especially valuable in combination with topical or oral antibiotics as it may reduce the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.



WHAT TYPES OF ACNE DOES BENZOYL PEROXIDE TREAT?
Benzoyl peroxide topical acne treatment can be used to treat any type of acne, but it is most effective on inflammatory acne, called acne vulgaris.
Benzoyl peroxide can also be used for whiteheads, blackheads, and cystic acne, but it should be used in combination with other medications for these types of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is most effective with inflammatory acne because it kills the bacteria in and underneath the breakout that is causing the inflammation.

Symptoms of inflammatory acne are:
*Swelling
*Redness
*Clogged, pus-filled pores.
*Oily acne spots



HOW SHOULD BENZOYL PEROXIDE BE USED:
When starting to use benzoyl peroxide to treat acne, start off slowly.
Only use the product once every other day to slowly introduce the product to your skin and not cause a negative reaction.
Benzoyl peroxide will also make you more sensitive to the sun, so be sure to apply sunscreen right after.



HOW TO USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide comes in the form of many acne treatment products.
Benzoyl peroxide’s important to select the right one for your skin care concern as well as preference.

What concentration to use also depends on where you apply the benzoyl peroxide.
The face is rather sensitive, so many choose to use a lower concentration (around 4 percent) in that area, while the chest and back are more resilient and can tolerate a higher concentration.



HOW DO YOU USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE ON YOUR FACE?
Benzoyl peroxide can be used in the concentrations of 2.5 - 10 % [6].
Note:
Consult your doctor before using benzoyl peroxide if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

1. Benzoyl Peroxide Face Washes And Cleansers
Pick about 4% concentration of benzoyl peroxide and increase upto 10% based on how well your skin takes it.

How To Use:
Wet your face and gently massage the cleanser in circular motions.
Rinse thoroughly with water after a minute or two.
Pat dry with a clean and soft towel.


2. Benzoyl Peroxide Acne Creams, Gels And Spot Treatments
Choose a milder concentration like 2.5% and go upto 5% as these are leave-on products.

How To Use:
Cleanse your face with a mild cleanser and pat dry.
Apply benzoyl peroxide cream or gel either on affected areas or the whole face.
Use the gel or cream in your morning and night skin care routines.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE GEL VS CREAM: WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?
There is a lot of choice when it come to Benzoyl peroxide.
Whilst it actually comes in a range of preparations such as gels, creams, cleansers and lotions, the two most popular forms are gels and creams.

Both Benzoyl peroxide gels and creams deliver the same benefits.
The primary difference lies in their preparation and which one you use depends on your skin type and what you prefer as an individual.
Whichever type of product you choose, remember to patch test it first and start with lower strengths to figure out your skin’s tolerance level.

Gels are usually lightweight, get absorbed fast and leave a matte finish.
This makes them ideal for oily or combination skin types but they can be drying.
As such, they’re ideal if you only need to use Benzoyl peroxide gel as a spot treatment for a small area.

Benzoyl peroxide cream and lotions, on the other hand, are usually more hydrating and may be better suited for dry or sensitive skin.
They’re also best if you need to use them on a wider area such as the entire face and/or neck or treatment area or if you are using them for preventative measures.

Cleansers and body washes containing Benzoyl peroxide are great for regular daily use and when a large area needs to be covered.
They are also great for moderate to severe acute breakouts, prevention or to maintain results.



HOW TO USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Using Benzoyl Peroxide is straight forward and you can easily add it into any routine.
It’s however important to introduce it into your skincare routine carefully to get the best out of it and minimise the risk of irritation.
Before fully adding Benzoyl peroxide into your routine, conduct a patch test first.

Do this by using a small amount of the product on an easily visible area like your collar bone or your forearm.
Monitor for 24 hours and check for itching, redness, bumps or any other signs of allergy.
If you notice any signs of allergic reaction, wash off the product and seek medical help immediately.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE COMES IN DIFFERENT PERCENTAGE AMOUNTS:
For 5% benzoyl peroxide gel, people can follow these steps:
*Wash the skin with a mild cleanser and water.
*Gently pat the skin dry.
*Apply a thin layer of the gel to the acne-affected area of skin.



TO USE A 5% BENZOYL PEROXIDE WASH, PEOPLE CAN FOLLOW THESE STEPS:
*Wet the areas of acne-affected skin.
*Smooth a small amount of the product over the skin with the hands.
*Keep the wash on the skin for no longer than 1–2 minutes.
*Rinse the wash off thoroughly with water, and gently pat dry.
*Repeat these steps once or twice per day.
*It is important to note that products with 5% benzoyl peroxide may take up to 4 weeks to start working.



HOW TO USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
A person may want to start using benzoyl peroxide gradually, to see how it affects their skin.
If the skin becomes overly dry or begins to peel, it may be best to use benzoyl peroxide less frequently.
As a general rule, people can use benzoyl peroxide once every 1–2 days until the skin becomes used to it.

It is important to wash the hands before and after using benzoyl peroxide.
This can prevent the transfer of bacteria from the hands to the face or to other surfaces.
It is best to avoid direct sunlight while using benzoyl peroxide treatments.
In fact, people may find that the best time to apply benzoyl peroxide is before bed.



PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Many different products contain benzoyl peroxide.
People can buy these products in the form of:
*face washes
*body washes
*creams or ointments
*gels

Some products combine benzoyl peroxide with other ingredients, which could make it more effective in treating certain types of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide products may also contain potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate, which can kill microorganisms on the skin.
Other benzoyl peroxide products are prescription-only and may contain antibiotics or retinoids.



WHAT DOES BENZOYL PEROXIDE DO TO YOUR SKIN?
Benzoyl Peroxide is an organic compound that has been a staple in the skincare world for many decades due to its potent antibacterial and exfoliating properties.
Benzoyl peroxide’s a regular star ingredient in various over the counter and prescription acne treatments and comes in a variety of forms including gels, creams, cleansers and lotions.



THIS IS HOW BENZOYL PEROXIDE TREATS ACNE:
As you may already know, acne is mainly caused by the over production of sebum, a buildup of dead skin cells and the presence of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria.
Benzoyl peroxide directly addresses two of these issues. It can kill bacteria and can break down dead skin cells.
This makes it a valuable weapon against acne.

P. acnes bacteria can’t survive in an oxygen rich environment.
Benzoyl peroxide works by introducing oxygen into the pores, thereby killing this acne-causing bacteria.
Benzoyl peroxide is also keratolytic which means it can loosen dead skin cells.

This further helps to clear up blocked pores.
Benzoyl peroxide can work on all types of acne lesion.
Benzoyl peroxide can clear up comedones like blackheads and whiteheads by breaking down the blockages of dead skin cells.

In the case of inflammatory acne where there are inflamed pustules and papules, the antibacterial action of Benzoyl peroxide targets the bacteria causing the inflammation and hence suppresses the inflammatory response driving the lesions.
Whilst cystic acne is far more complex and difficult to treat,

For more severe forms of acne like nodules and cysts, Benzoyl peroxide can be used in combination with other treatments like oral antibiotics, oral retinoids or topical retinoids like Tretinoin for a more robust treatment approach.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BENZOYL PEROXIDE AND SALICYLIC ACID?
Salicylic acid is another common ingredient that is found in over-the-counter (OTC) skincare products used to treat mild acne.
Here is an overview of some of the differences between benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid.

*They target different acne problems.
Salicylic acid is typically used to treat blackheads and whiteheads, more so than benzoyl peroxide.
Benzoyl peroxide is typically used to treat pustules found in inflammatory acne.

*Benzoyl peroxide is stronger.
Salicylic acid is not as drying as benzoyl peroxide, making it easier for people with sensitive skin to use.

*They have different side effects.
There are common side effects to both salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide.
Possible side effects of salicylic acid can include dryness, hives, itching or peeling skin, and stinging or tingling.



HOW TO USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE PRODUCTS:
*Make sure the skin is clean and dry before applying
*Apply a thin smear to areas of skin affected by acne, initially every second night, then build up to once or twice daily as tolerated
*Benzoyl peroxide can be used on the face as well as the trunk



WHAT IS BENZOYL PEROXIDE TOPICAL?
Benzoyl peroxide has an antibacterial effect.
Benzoyl peroxide also has a mild drying effect, which allows excess oils and dirt to be easily washed away from the skin.

Benzoyl peroxide topical (for the skin) is used to treat acne.
There are many brands and forms of benzoyl peroxide available.

Benzoyl peroxide topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Benzoyl peroxide is an affordable medication that works well to clear up acne.
Benzoyl peroxide's available over-the-counter and comes in many different forms, but it's not a good option for people with sensitive skin.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Classically, benzoyl peroxide is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.
In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.

Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of benzoyl peroxide can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
Benzoyl peroxide can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal, and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that benzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



IS BENZOYL PEROXIDE GOOD FOR ACNE?
Benzoyl peroxide works to treat and prevent acne by killing bacteria underneath the skin, as well as helping the pores shed dead skin cells and excess sebum (oil).

*Benzoyl peroxide for pimples
Benzoyl peroxide works particularly well for inflammatory acne, which is characterized by red bumps that contain pus — pustules, papules, cysts, and nodules — instead of whiteheads and blackheads.

*Benzoyl peroxide for cystic acne
Cystic acne is considered the most serious form of acne, which also makes Benzoyl peroxide the most difficult to treat.
Benzoyl peroxide’s characterized by hard bumps below the surface of your skin.

While these pimples may have pus deep inside them, Benzoyl peroxide’s difficult to identify any prominent “heads.”
P. acnes bacteria is one contributor to cystic acne, which benzoyl peroxide may help treat in combination with prescription medications.
If you have this type of acne, consult a dermatologist for your best treatment options.

*Benzoyl peroxide for blackheads and whiteheads
Blackheads and whiteheads are still considered acne.
However, they are classified as noninflammatory because they don’t cause the red bumps that are associated with other types of acne pimples.

You may be dealing with both of these types of acne and might be wondering if you can use benzoyl peroxide for noninflammatory spots too.
While benzoyl peroxide can help treat oil and dead skill cells that clog your pores, this may not be the best treatment option available for blackheads and whiteheads.



HISTORY OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide was first prepared and described by Liebig in 1858.

Structure and reactivity
The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide, a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Benzoyl peroxide is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.

2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O
The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, benzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:

(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of benzoyl peroxide is one hour at 92 °C.
At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.

In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that Benzoyl peroxide made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.

Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of BPO to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of Benzoyl peroxide.

Treatment with benzoyl peroxide was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
Benzoyl peroxide was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.



POLYMERIZATION OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions, such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
It is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Benzoyl peroxide is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Formula: C14H10O4
Molar mass: 242.230 g·mol−1
Density: 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point: 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water: poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 105 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: 80 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available

pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility insoluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties:Explosive when dry.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Observe national regulations.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature
2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO):
benzoperoxide, Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO)
Structure of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO):
Tube of a water-based 5% Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) preparation for the treatment of acne
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)/clindamycin and adapalene/Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)/clindamycin and Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) formulation Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) was introduced, which is a mixture of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) and filler.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiBenzoyl Peroxide (BPO)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

DESCRIPTION:
Benzoyl Peroxide 75% Powder is a free-flowing powder form of dibenzoyl peroxide suitable for use in various pharmaceutical applications including anti-acne creams, face and body washes, and shampoos.
Benzoyl Peroxide 75% Powder with no water added, forming an anhydrous powder.
Traditional uses like general-purpose, high-impact, or expandable polystyrenes depend on benzoyl peroxide for bulk polymerizations.
Room temperature curing operations such as thermoset or acrylic composites can be achieved using benzoyl peroxide together with heavy metal or amine accelerators.


Molecular Weight: 242.23
Linear Formula: (C6H5CO)2O2



APPLICATIONS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER:
Benzoyl Peroxide 75% Powder is a free-flowing granular form of dibenzoyl peroxide suitable for use in various pharmaceutical applications including anti-acne creams, face and body washes, and shampoos.
Benzoyl Peroxide 75% Powder is manufactured in accordance with U.S. current Good Manufacturing Practices and relative regulations as they apply to Bulk Pharmaceutical Chemicals.






SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER:
Quality Level
200
Assay
75%
form
powder
contains
25 wt. % water as stabilizer
reaction suitability
reagent type: oxidant
mp
103 °C (lit.)
storage temp.
2-8°C
APPEARANCE
White granular powder
Other uses: Preparation of flour; dyeing hair, and tooth whitening systems.
Origin: Synthetic
Shelf life: 6 months from mfg. date
Freight Classification: NMFC 43940 SUB 2 CLASS 85
Kosher Status: Not Kosher
Flash Point: 41 øC
Melting Point: 105 øC
API: YES
Allergen: NO
Hazmat: YES
Molecular Weight: 242.23 g/mol










FUNCTIONS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER:
Most benzoyl peroxide is used as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.
Other major applications include its antiseptic and bleaching properties.

STORAGE
Store in original container.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Recommended storage temperature 2 – 8 øC Keep in a dry place.


SYNONYM(S) OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER :
Benzoyl peroxide moistened with water,
BPO,
Benzoyl peroxide,
Diacyl peroxide,
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide75% HYD USP,
Perkadox L-W75, Cadet BPO-75W;
Dibenzoyl Peroxide;
Benzoyl Peroxide;
Diacyl peroxide;
BPO

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a topical medication that contains benzoyl peroxide as its active ingredient.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a well-known and widely used compound in dermatology and skincare due to its antibacterial and keratolytic (skin peeling) properties.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is primarily used to treat various skin conditions, including acne.

CAS Number: 94-36-0
EC Number: 202-327-6



APPLICATIONS


One of the primary applications of Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is in the treatment of acne, including mild to severe cases.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is effective in reducing and preventing comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) that commonly occur in acne-prone skin.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% helps manage and minimize the appearance of pimples, including inflamed or cystic acne lesions.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% acts as a keratolytic agent, aiding in the exfoliation of dead skin cells to unclog pores.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is known for its antibacterial properties, which help combat Propionibacterium acnes, the bacterium associated with acne.
This medication can help regulate sebum (skin oil) production, contributing to less oily skin.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may provide mild anti-inflammatory benefits, reducing redness and swelling associated with acne.
Regular use can help prevent new acne lesions from forming.

By reducing the severity of acne breakouts, it may indirectly help prevent or minimize the formation of acne scars.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be used as a spot treatment to target specific acne blemishes.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is often used alongside other acne treatments, such as topical antibiotics or retinoids, for enhanced efficacy.
Dermatologists may prescribe this medication and provide guidance on its use for various types of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be incorporated into comprehensive skincare routines tailored to manage acne and improve skin health.

After achieving acne clearance, it may be used for ongoing maintenance to prevent relapses.
Some benzoyl peroxide products, including lower concentrations, are available over-the-counter (OTC) for self-treatment.

Besides facial acne, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is also used to treat acne on the chest, back (bacne), and other body areas.
In addition to acne, it is sometimes used to manage keratosis pilaris, a skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may help treat folliculitis, an infection or inflammation of hair follicles.
Some cosmetic products, such as acne spot treatments and cleansers, incorporate benzoyl peroxide for its acne-fighting properties.

In healthcare settings, it may be used for wound care or as an antiseptic agent in certain dermatological procedures.
Researchers and educators may use benzoyl peroxide in studies related to acne, dermatology, and skincare.

Dermatologists and skincare professionals may recommend this medication as part of patient education and treatment plans.
Adolescents and young adults, who are often prone to acne, may use benzoyl peroxide paste 50% as part of their skincare routines.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be combined with other active ingredients, such as salicylic acid, for synergistic effects in acne treatment.
Dermatologists may customize treatment plans by selecting benzoyl peroxide paste 50% based on individual skin types and acne severity.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is particularly effective in managing cystic acne, which consists of deep, painful nodules beneath the skin's surface.
Adult individuals experiencing acne breakouts can benefit from the use of benzoyl peroxide paste 50% to control and treat their condition.

In some cases, dermatologists may recommend this medication for managing the papules and pustules associated with acne rosacea.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be used to treat acne keloidalis nuchae, a condition characterized by inflamed, raised bumps at the base of the hairline.

Men dealing with folliculitis barbae (razor bumps) on the beard area can apply benzoyl peroxide to alleviate symptoms.
Dermatologists may utilize this medication to target sebaceous hyperplasia, a condition marked by enlarged oil glands.
By reducing the severity of acne breakouts, it can help prevent or minimize PIH, which leads to dark marks or discoloration after an acne lesion heals.

After achieving clear skin, many individuals continue using benzoyl peroxide as part of their daily regimen to maintain acne-free skin.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can serve as an emergency spot treatment to quickly address unexpected acne flare-ups.
In some instances, benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be used to treat athlete's foot, a fungal infection that affects the feet.

In conjunction with other treatments, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be employed in the management of psoriasis, a chronic skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches.
For some patients with pityriasis rosea, a benign rash, dermatologists may recommend the application of benzoyl peroxide to help alleviate itching and discomfort.

By preventing new acne breakouts, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can indirectly help reduce the risk of further scarring on the back.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% helps cleanse pores, making it a useful addition to skincare routines for those prone to congestion.

In dermatological procedures, it may be used to prepare the skin for treatments such as chemical peels or laser therapy.
In some cases, benzoyl peroxide is employed to manage certain types of eczema, specifically those with a bacterial component.

Dermatologists may suggest using it on the nails to address superficial nail fungus infections.
Over time, benzoyl peroxide may help lighten hyperpigmented areas, enhancing overall skin tone.
After receiving a chemical peel treatment, some individuals use benzoyl peroxide to help maintain the results and prevent acne breakouts.
To reduce the risk of post-waxing irritation and bumps, it can be applied to areas that have undergone hair removal.

In mild cases of rosacea, where papules and pustules are present, benzoyl peroxide may be included in the treatment plan.
Some people use benzoyl peroxide preemptively, applying it to areas prone to acne to prevent future breakouts.
By reducing acne severity, it indirectly contributes to the reduction of acne scars and their visibility over time.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be part of treatment plans for hormonal acne, which often requires a comprehensive approach.
For individuals with sensitive skin, lower concentrations of benzoyl peroxide may be recommended, tailored to their skin's tolerance level.
Benzoyl peroxide is sometimes used as an active ingredient in acne-fighting body washes designed for chest and back acne.

People using prescription acne medications may incorporate benzoyl peroxide paste 50% to boost the effectiveness of their treatment.
After workouts, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be applied to prevent sweat and oil from clogging pores, reducing the risk of post-exercise breakouts.

Travel-sized benzoyl peroxide products are convenient for maintaining skincare routines while on the go.
For individuals with acne on the scalp, specially formulated shampoos containing benzoyl peroxide can be beneficial.
Some skincare products combine benzoyl peroxide with other active ingredients like salicylic acid, offering a multifaceted approach to acne treatment.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% provides rapid relief by targeting inflamed acne lesions and promoting their healing.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can help reduce and prevent blackheads by clearing the pores of excess sebum and dead skin cells.

As a preventative measure, it can be used on areas prone to pore blockage, such as the T-zone.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be used on an as-needed basis for individuals who experience occasional breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a staple in many teenagers' skincare routines as they navigate hormonal changes and acne-prone skin.

Dermatologists may recommend using benzoyl peroxide as part of pre- and post-operative skincare routines for cosmetic procedures.
Some individuals use benzoyl peroxide to achieve clear skin before special events or occasions.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can assist in removing adhesive residue left behind from bandages, tape, or medical dressings.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be recommended to help maintain results and prevent post-procedure acne.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is used by many people to prevent maskne, which is acne caused by wearing face masks for extended periods.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be carefully applied along the hairline to address acne breakouts in that area.
By preventing pore blockage, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can contribute to a smoother skin texture and the appearance of smaller pores.

Some individuals experience acne breakouts during specific seasons, and benzoyl peroxide can be incorporated into their seasonal skincare routine.
To prevent cross-contamination, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is essential to wash hands thoroughly after applying benzoyl peroxide to avoid inadvertently touching other areas of the skin.
Besides medical applications, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is sometimes used in aesthetic treatments to improve skin texture and appearance.



DESCRIPTION


Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a topical medication that contains benzoyl peroxide as its active ingredient.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a well-known and widely used compound in dermatology and skincare due to its antibacterial and keratolytic (skin peeling) properties.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is primarily used to treat various skin conditions, including acne.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a topical skincare medication widely recognized for its effectiveness in treating acne.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%features a high concentration of benzoyl peroxide, an organic compound known for its antibacterial and acne-fighting properties.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is typically available as a white or off-white semi-solid paste contained in tubes or jars.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is used to combat acne vulgaris, a common skin condition characterized by pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads.
The active ingredient, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%, works by reducing the population of Propionibacterium acnes, a bacterium associated with acne.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is classified as a keratolytic agent, meaning it helps peel away dead skin cells and prevent clogged pores.
The 50% concentration indicates a potent formulation, which may be prescribed for moderate to severe cases of acne.

When applied, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% creates a thin, even layer over the affected skin areas.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is used topically, making it suitable for localized treatment of acne lesions.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% should be used as directed by a healthcare provider or dermatologist.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may cause temporary side effects, such as dryness, peeling, redness, and a warming sensation on the skin.

Individuals using this medication should follow their healthcare provider's recommendations regarding the frequency and duration of application.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be applied once or twice daily, depending on the severity of the condition.

While using Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%, it is essential to avoid excessive exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Users should be cautious when applying the paste near hair or clothing, as it may bleach them.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be included in comprehensive skincare routines designed to manage acne.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be part of a multifaceted approach that includes cleansing, moisturizing, and sun protection.
Patients should discontinue the use of other potentially irritating skincare products when using this medication.

The treatment duration may vary from individual to individual and depends on the response to the medication.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is crucial to keep the product stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
For best results, users should follow a consistent application schedule and avoid skipping treatments.

If severe or persistent side effects occur, it is advisable to seek guidance from a dermatologist.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can help reduce the appearance of acne lesions and improve overall skin texture.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a valuable tool in the arsenal of dermatological treatments aimed at enhancing skin health and confidence.
When used correctly and under the guidance of a healthcare professional, this medication can contribute to clearer, healthier skin.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White or off-white semi-solid paste.
Texture: Viscous and smooth.
Odor: Typically odorless, but may have a faint chemical scent.
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents.
Density: The density can vary, but it is generally denser than water.
pH Level: Usually near neutral or slightly acidic when formulated for skin use.
Melting Point: Benzoyl peroxide decomposes before melting; no distinct melting point.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C14H10O4 (Benzoyl peroxide).
Chemical Structure: Benzoyl peroxide consists of two benzoyl (C6H5CO-) groups connected by an oxygen-oxygen (O-O) bond.
Reactivity: It is a powerful oxidizing agent and can react with reducing agents and flammable materials.
Decomposition: Benzoyl peroxide can decompose upon exposure to heat or light, releasing oxygen gas.
Stability: It should be stored away from heat, open flames, and direct sunlight to maintain stability.




FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled and respiratory irritation or discomfort occurs, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention promptly.
Avoid exposure to the vapors, as they may cause irritation.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%, remove contaminated clothing and immediately rinse the affected skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Gently wash the exposed skin using a mild soap and lukewarm water.
Do not use abrasive materials or vigorous scrubbing, as it may exacerbate skin irritation.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.
For severe skin reactions or allergic responses, consult a healthcare professional.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, rinse the affected eye(s) gently but thoroughly with clean, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if the irritation appears to be mild.


Ingestion:

If accidental ingestion of Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% occurs, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a medical professional.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and drink a glass of water or milk if the individual is conscious and alert.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%, wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles or face shield, gloves, and protective clothing to minimize the risk of skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation if available to capture any potential airborne contaminants.

Avoid Open Flames and Heat:
Keep the product away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources as Benzoyl peroxide can decompose upon exposure to elevated temperatures, releasing oxygen gas.

No Smoking:
Smoking should be prohibited in areas where Benzoyl peroxide is handled, as it poses a fire hazard.

Prevent Cross-Contamination:
Ensure that equipment and utensils used for handling and application are clean and free from any contaminants.
Avoid cross-contamination with other chemicals or products.

Avoid Mixing:
Do not mix Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% with other substances or chemicals unless explicitly directed to do so by a qualified professional.

Use in a Controlled Manner:
Dispense and apply the paste in a controlled and precise manner to minimize waste and potential exposure.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers and storage areas with appropriate hazard warnings, contents, and safety information.


Storage:

Cool and Dry Storage:
Store Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Maintain a stable temperature below 25°C (77°F).

Protection from Light:
Protect the product from direct sunlight and sources of UV radiation, as light exposure may cause degradation.

Avoid Moisture:
Prevent moisture from entering containers, as it can lead to decomposition or loss of effectiveness.

Sealed Containers:
Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contact with air, which can contribute to decomposition.

Incompatible Substances:
Store away from incompatible materials, such as reducing agents, flammable materials, and strong acids or bases.

Separation:
Some settling or separation of the paste may occur over time.
Ensure that the paste is thoroughly mixed before use.

Children and Pets:
Store Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.

Emergency Measures:
Have appropriate emergency measures and equipment, such as fire extinguishers and spill control materials, readily available in the storage area.



SYNONYMS


Benzoyl peroxide gel
Topical benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide cream
Benzoyl peroxide lotion
Acne treatment gel
Acne medication
Acne-fighting paste
Benzoyl peroxide spot treatment
Skin-clearing gel
Pimple treatment
Acne control formula
Benzoyl peroxide skincare product
Dermatological paste
Anti-acne preparation
BPO paste (abbreviated form)
Clear skin treatment
Acne solution
Zit zapper
Skin blemish treatment
Acne buster
Acne fighter
Pimple eraser
Pore cleanser
Skin exfoliant
Complexion enhancer
Acne-clearing cream
BPO acne treatment
Skin-purifying gel
Pimple-fighting paste
Zit treatment
Acne spot gel
Pore-cleansing cream
Complexion-refining paste
Dermatologist-recommended gel
Acne control lotion
Breakout-banishing paste
Topical acne remedy
Blemish control gel
Acne medication cream
Pimple erasing lotion
Pore-clearing formula
Skin exfoliating gel
Clear complexion cream
Anti-blemish paste
Blemish-fighting treatment
Acne spot solution
Skin renewal gel
Complexion-perfecting cream
Acne-prone skin remedy
Skin clarifying paste

Benzyl Acetate is an ester of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


CAS Number: 140-11-4
EC Number: 205-399-7
MDL number: MFCD00008712
Linear Formula: CH3COOCH2C6H5
Molecular Formula: C9H10O2 / CH3COOCH2C6H5


Benzyl Acetate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a moderate sweet-jasmine fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.
Benzyl Acetate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and acetic acid, but is also naturally present in the essential oils of many plants, including jasmine and ylang ylang.


Benzyl Acetate often appears in fragrances, either as a synthetic additive used as a fixative to help preserve the longevity of a fragrance, or as a natural component of the essential oils used in the fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.


Natural sources of Benzyl Acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple.
Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl Acetate is soluble in water 3.1 g/L.
Store Benzyl Acetate in a cool, dry conditions, in well sealed conditions.


Store Benzyl Acetate away from oxidizing agents.
Benzyl Acetate, an organic compound, is the ester formed by condensation of acetic acid and benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl Acetate is the main constituent of the essential oils from jasmine flowers.


Benzyl Acetate is found in alcoholic beverages.
Benzyl Acetate occurs in jasmine, apple, cherry, guava fruit and peel, wine grape, white wine, tea, plum, cooked rice, Bourbon vanilla, naranjila fruit (Solanum quitoense), Chinese cabbage and quince. Benzyl Acetate is a flavouring agent Benzyl acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones.


Benzyl Acetate belongs to the family of Benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl Acetate is a colorless liquid with an odor of pears.


Benzyl Acetate is the acetate ester of benzyl alcohol. It has a role as a metabolite.
Benzyl Acetate is an acetate ester and a benzyl ester.
Benzyl Acetatee is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Tanacetum parthenium, and other organisms with data available.


Benzyl Acetate is found in alcoholic beverages.
Benzyl Acetate occurs in jasmine, apple, cherry, guava fruit and peel, wine grape, white wine, tea, plum, cooked rice, Bourbon vanilla, naranjila fruit (Solanum quitoense), Chinese cabbage and quince.


Benzyl Acetate is a flavouring agent.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones.
Benzyl Acetate belongs to the family of Benzyloxycarbonyls.


These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5.
Benzyl Acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYL ACETATE:
Benzyl Acetate often appears in fragrances, either as a synthetic additive used as a fixative to help preserve the longevity of a fragrance, or as a natural component of the essential oils used in the fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate (Acetic acid benzyl ester, Benzyl ethanoate, Phenylmethyl), usually found in alcoholic beverages, is a flavouring agent.


Benzyl Acetate is very widely used and almost essential in jasmine and gardenia accords: should be in every perfumer's palette.
Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes
Benzyl Acetate is used as spices.


Benzyl Acetate is the main component of jasmine and other extracts.
Benzyl Acetate is an indispensable spice in the blending of floral fragrances such as fragrant and ylang.
Benzyl Acetate is cheaper and is used in soaps and other industrial flavors.


Benzyl Acetate is often used in a lot of flavors such as jasmine, white orchid, maize, moon scent and narcissus, and it can also be used in raw flavors such as pear, apple, banana and mulberry.
Benzyl Acetate is used as a Solvents.


Benzyl Acetate is dissolved in water by 0.23% and insoluble in glycerin.
However, Benzyl Acetate can be miscible with alcohols, ethers, ketones and aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and the like.
Benzyl Acetate has good dissolving capacity for oil, nitrocellulose, cellulose and can also dissolve rosin, glycerol tri-rosin acid ester, coumarone resin and the like.


Therefore, Benzyl Acetate is used as a solvent for shellac paint, alkyd resin, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, dyes, grease and printing ink.
Benzyl Acetate is used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
Benzyl Acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.


Benzyl Acetate is used in perfumery and in chemical synthesis; artificial jasmine and other perfumes; flavoring; solvent and high boiler for cellulose acetate and nitrate, natural and synthetic resins, oils, lacquers, polishes, printing inks, and varnish removers.
Benzyl Acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.


Benzyl Acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.
Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.


Benzyl Acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
Benzyl Acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.


Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.
Benzyl Acetate is very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.


Benzyl Acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmin and Gardenia fragrances, and it enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.
Benzyl Acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.


Benzyl Acetate is frequently used in flavor compositions, for imitation Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Pear, Plum, Pineapple, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Violet, etc. etc. (S. arctander).
In the industrial odors, the volatility of Benzyl Acetate is often only an advantage.


Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees.
Benzyl Acetate is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone.
In apiculture, Benzyl Acetate is used as a bait to collect bees.


Natural sources of Benzyl Acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc
Benzyl Acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate or fema 2135, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.


Benzyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and apricot tasting compound.
Benzyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sweet basils.
Benzyl Acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as figs, fruits, pomes, tea, and alcoholic beverages.


On high concnetrations Benzyl Acetate is a potentially toxic compound.
If Benzyl Acetate has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water.
Benzyl Acetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.


These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.


Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of Jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl Acetate is found in a dozen essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth, and gardenia.
Benzyl Acetate has been in public use since the 1900s.


Benzyl Acetate was granted GRAS status by FEMA (1965) and is approved by the FDA for food use.
Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.
Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.


Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl Acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.



THE ODOUR AND USES OF BENZYL ACETATE:
Benzyl Acetate has sweet floral fruity fresh sweet aromatic floral fruity jasmin ylang.
Benzyl Acetate has powerful but thin sweet floral fresh and light fruity odor reminiscent of Jasmin Gardenia Muguet Lily and other flowers.
Benzyl Acetate is very extensively used in perfumery from the lowest priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.



PERFUME USES OF BENZYL ACETATE:
Jasmin Gardenia Tuberose Muguet Lily-of-the-Valley Violet Ylang Melon Watermelon Apple Juice Melon (musk) Strawberry Olive Oil Floral-types, Jasmin, Gardenia, Muguet, Lily, Industrial-perfumes, Fixative-effect, , Violet,
Apple Apricot Banana Butter Cherry Peach Fear Plum Pineapple Quince Raspberry Strawberry Violet Rice, Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Plum, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Chewing-gum, Loiseleuria Procumbens Desv. (azalea) : Jasmine (all types) : Ylang ylang :
Blends-well-with=> +Acetophenone +Benzyl Isobutyrate +Atractylis +Benzyl Isovalerate +Benzyl Propionate Gums,



PRODUCTION OF BENZYL ACETATE:
By the interaction of benzyl chloride and sodium acetate or by acetylation of benzyl alcohol.



COMPOUND TYPE OF BENZYL ACETATE:
*Ester
*Ether
*Food Toxin
*Fragrance Toxin
*Household Toxin
*Metabolite
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Plant Toxin



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BENZYL ACETATE:
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF BENZYL ACETATE:
*Benzyloxycarbonyl
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



WHAT DOES BENZYL ACETATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Masking
*Solvent
*Perfuming



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL ACETATE:
CAS Number: 140-11-4
Molecular Weight: 150.17
Beilstein: 1908121
EC Number: 205-399-7
MDL number: MFCD00008712
Molecular Weight: 150.17 g/mol
XLogP3: 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 150.068079557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 126
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 140-11-4
EC number: 205-399-7
Hill Formula: C₉H₁₀O₂
Chemical formula: CH₃COOCH₂C₆H₅
Molar Mass: 150.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 39 00
Boiling point: 205 - 207 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.055 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 8.4 %(V)
Flash point: 95 °C
Ignition temperature: 460 °C
Melting Point: -51 °C
Vapor pressure: 31 hPa (110 °C)
Chemical formula: CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5

Molar mass: 150.18 g/mol
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Odor: floral
Density: 1.054 g/ml
Melting point: −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F; 221.7 K)
Boiling point: 212 °C (414 °F; 485 K)
Solubility in water: 0.31 g/100 mL
Solubility: Soluble in benzene, chloroform
Miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -93.18·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.523
Chemical Formula: C9H10O2
Average Molecular Weight: 150.1745
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 150.068079564
IUPAC Name: benzyl acetate

Traditional Name: benzyl acetate
CAS Registry Number: 140-11-4
SMILES: CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H3
InChI Key: QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS: 140-11-4
Molecular Formula: C9H10O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.177
MDL Number: MFCD00008712
InChI Key: QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling point: 419.9°F
Molecular weight: 150.18
Freezing point/melting point: -60.7°F
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg at 113°F

Flash point: 195°F
Vapor density: 5.1
Specific gravity: 1.04
NFPA health rating: 1
NFPA fire rating: 2
NFPA reactivity rating: 0
Chemical Formula: C9H10O2
Average Molecular Mass: 150.175 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.068 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 140-11-4
IUPAC Name: benzyl acetate
Traditional Name: benzyl acetate
SMILES: CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H3

InChI Key: InChIKey=QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Water Solubility: 0.52 g/L
logP: 2.07
logP: 1.65
logS: -2.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -7
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Refractivity: 42.03 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 16.03 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: Yes

Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C9H10O2
IUPAC name: benzyl acetate
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H3
InChI Key: QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 150.1745
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 150.068079564
Molecular Weight: 150.18
Appearance: Liquid
Formula: C9H10O2

CAS No.: 140-11-4
SMILES: CC(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)=O
Storage:
Pure form: -20°C 3 years, 4°C 2 years
In solvent: -80°C 6 months, -20°C 1 month
APPEARANCE AT 20°C: Clear mobile liquid
COLOR: Colorless
ODOR: Sweet, floral, jasmine, fruity
OPTICAL ROTATION (°): 0 / 0
DENSITY AT 20°C (G/ML)): 1,050 - 1,060
REFRACTIVE INDEX ND20: 1,5010 - 1,5040
FLASHPOINT (°C): 95
SOLUBILITY: 1 ml soluble in 20 ml water, soluble in alcohol
ASSAY (% GC): > 99
ACID VALUE (MG KOH/G):


FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Description of first aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Extinguishing media:
--Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information: No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,3 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 57 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Reactivity: No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions: No data available
-Conditions to avoid: No data available
-Other decomposition products - No data available



SYNONYMS:
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Acetic Acid Phenylmethyl Ester
Benzyl Alcohol Acetate
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
Benzyl Ethanoate
NSC 4550
Phenylmethyl Pcetate
α-Acetoxytoluene
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetate, benzyl ester
Acetate, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoic acid
Phenylmethyl ethanoic acid
Benzyl acetic acid
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate (natural)
Benzyl ethanoate
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Phenylmethyl acetate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid benzyl ester
BENZYL ACETATE
140-11-4
Benzyl ethanoate
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
NCI-C06508
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Caswell No. 081EA
FEMA No. 2135
Benzyl acetate (natural)
NSC 4550
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
CCRIS 1423
HSDB 2851
Plastolin I
UNII-0ECG3V79ZJ
EINECS 205-399-7
0ECG3V79ZJ
DTXSID0020151
CHEBI:52051
.alpha.-Acetoxytoluene
AI3-01996
NSC-4550
Benzyl ester of acetic acid
Benzyl-23456-d5 Acetate
DTXCID40151
EC 205-399-7
Benzyl acetate + glycine combination
BENZYL ACETATE (IARC)
BENZYL ACETATE [IARC]
CAS-140-11-4
ACETATO DE BENCILO
Benzyl acetate, primary pharmaceutical reference standard
?Benzyl acetate
FEMA 2135
J0Z
MFCD00008712
nchem.167-comp5
Acetic acid-benzyl ester
Benzyl acetate, >=99%
BENZYL ACETATE [MI]
WLN: 1VO1R
SCHEMBL43745
BENZYL ACETATE [FCC]
BENZYL ACETATE [FHFI]
BENZYL ACETATE [HSDB]
BENZYL ACETATE [INCI]
BENZYL ACETATE [VANDF]
CHEMBL1233714
AMY3828
NSC4550
Benzyl acetate, analytical standard
HY-N7124
Tox21_201826
Tox21_302841
s5576
Benzyl acetate, >=99%, FCC, FG
AKOS015841099
CCG-266204
CS-W018145
NCGC00090779-01
NCGC00090779-02
NCGC00090779-03
NCGC00256379-01
NCGC00259375-01
LS-13613
A0022
Benzyl acetate, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG
E1501
FT-0621741
Benzyl acetate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
EN300-1267317
Q424223
J-007357
W-200649
Z19628364
InChI=1/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetate, benzyl ester
Acetate, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoic acid
Phenylmethyl ethanoic acid
Benzyl acetic acid
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
acetato De bencilo
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate + glycine combination
Benzyl ester OF acetic acid
Benzylester kyseliny octove
FEMA 2135
Nchem.167-comp5
Phenylmethyl acetate
Plastolin I
(14C)Benzyl acetate
Benzyl (1-14C)acetate
Benzyl (2-14C)acetate
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
alpha-acetoxytoluene
benzyl ethanoate
NCI-C06508
Phenylmethyl acetate
benzyl ethanoate
acetic acid benzyl ester
phenylmethyl acetate
α-acetoxytoluene
phenylmethyl ethanoate
(acetoxymethyl)benzene
Acetato de bencilo
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate + glycine combination
Benzyl acetic acid
Benzyl ester of acetic acid
C9H10O2
Benzyl Ethanoate
Methyl Benzeneacetate
Acetic Acid, Benzyl Ester
140-11-4 (CAS Number)Acetic acid
benzyl esterAcetic acid
phenylmethyl esterBenteine
Benzyl ethanoate
Methyl benzeneacetate
Methyl phenylethanoate
Methyl α-toluate
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate (natural)
Benzyl ethanoate
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Phenylmethyl acetate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester

Benzyl acetate is the acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl acetate has a role as a metabolite.
Benzyl acetate is an acetate ester and a benzyl ester.

CAS: 140-11-4
MF: C9H10O2
MW: 150.17
EINECS: 205-399-7

Synonyms
Benzyl ester of acetic acid;Benzyl Acetate 140-11-4;benzyl acetater;acetoxymethylbenzene;alpha-Acetoxytoluene;Benzyl Alcohol Impurity 1;Benzyl Alcohol Impurity D;Benzylester kyseliny octove;BENZYL ACETATE;140-11-4;Benzyl ethanoate;Phenylmethyl acetate;Acetic acid benzyl ester;Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester;Acetic acid, benzyl ester;Phenylmethyl ethanoate;alpha-Acetoxytoluene;(Acetoxymethyl)benzene;NCI-C06508;Benzylester kyseliny octove;Caswell No. 081EA;FEMA No. 2135;Benzyl acetate (natural);NSC 4550;Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester;CCRIS 1423;HSDB 2851;Plastolin I;UNII-0ECG3V79ZJ;EINECS 205-399-7;0ECG3V79ZJ;DTXSID0020151;CHEBI:52051;.alpha.-Acetoxytoluene;AI3-01996;NSC-4550;Benzyl ester of acetic acid;Benzyl-23456-d5 Acetate;DTXCID40151;EC 205-399-7;Benzyl acetate + glycine combination;MFCD00008712;BENZYL ACETATE (IARC);BENZYL ACETATE [IARC];CAS-140-11-4;Benzylester kyseliny octove [Czech];ACETATO DE BENCILO;Benzyl acetate, primary pharmaceutical reference standard;Benzyl acetate;FEMA 2135;J0Z;nchem.167-comp5;Acetic acid-benzyl ester;Benzyl acetate, >=99%;BENZYL ACETATE [MI];WLN: 1VO1R;SCHEMBL43745;BENZYL ACETATE [FCC];BENZYL ACETATE [FHFI];BENZYL ACETATE [HSDB];BENZYL ACETATE [INCI];BENZYL ACETATE [VANDF];CHEMBL1233714;AMY3828;NSC4550;Benzyl acetate, analytical standard;HY-N7124;Tox21_201826;Tox21_302841;s5576;Benzyl acetate, >=99%, FCC, FG;AKOS015841099;CCG-266204;CS-W018145;NCGC00090779-01;NCGC00090779-02;NCGC00090779-03;NCGC00256379-01;NCGC00259375-01;LS-13613;A0022;Benzyl acetate, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG;E1501;FT-0621741;NS00002107;Benzyl acetate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%;EN300-1267317;Q424223;J-007357;W-200649;Z19628364;InChI=1/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H

Colorless liquid with an odor of pears.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5.
Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.

Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.

Benzyl acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees.
Benzyl acetate is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone; In apiculture benzyl acetate is used as a bait to collect bees.
Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc.

Benzyl acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate or fema 2135, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group. Benzyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and apricot tasting compound. Benzyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sweet basils.
Benzyl acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as figs, fruits, pomes, tea, and alcoholic beverages.
On high concnetrations benzyl acetate is a potentially toxic compound.
If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water.

Benzyl acetate Chemical Properties
Melting point: -51 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 206 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.054 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 5.1
Vapor pressure: 23 mm Hg ( 110 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.502(lit.)
FEMA: 2135 | BENZYL ACETATE
Fp: 216 °F
Storage temp.: -20°C
Solubility: ≥35.7 mg/mL in EtOH; ≥49.4 mg/mL in DMSO
Form: Liquid
Color: Colorless liquid
Odor: sweet, floral fruity odor
Explosive limit: 0.9-8.4%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: Merck: 14,1123
JECFA Number: 23
BRN: 1908121
Dielectric constant: 5.1（21℃）
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 ppm
LogP: 1.96 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 140-11-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC: 3 (Vol. 40, Sup 7, 71) 1999
NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzyl acetate (140-11-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Benzyl acetate (140-11-4)

Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a fruity odor.
On burning and decomposition, Benzyl acetate produces irritating fumes.
Benzyl acetate reacts with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard.
Benzyl acetate is stable under normal conditions of use.
Heating to decomposition may release carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other potentially toxic fumes and gases.
Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air at elevated temperatures (> 90°C / 194°F).
Avoid heat, open flames and other potential sources of ignition.
Benzyl acetate has been used as a food additive in fruit flavours and as a component of perfumes since the early 1990s and is widely used as a fragrance in soaps, detergents and incense.
There is widespread human exposure to benzyl acetate by ingestion, skin application and inhalation.

Physical properties
Benzyl acetate has a characteristic flowery (jasmine) odor and a bitter, pungent taste.
Benzyl acetate is the main component of jasmine absolute and gardenia oils.
Benzyl acetate occurs as a minor component in a large number of other essential oils and extracts.
Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a strong, fruity, jasmine odor.
In terms of volume, benzyl acetate is one of the most important fragrance and flavor chemicals.
Although benzyl acetate is present in some essential oils at levels up to 65%, most of the commercial product is of synthetic origin.

Uses
Benzyl acetate is used as an artificial jasmine and other perfumes, soap perfume, flavoring agent, solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate, natural and synthetic resins, oils, lacquers, polishes, printing inks, and varnish removers.
Benzyl acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
Benzyl acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.
Benzyl acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Benzyl acetate is produced by reacting benzyl chloride with an alkali acetate or by esterifying benzyl alcohol with acetic anhydride.
Benzyl acetate is also formed in the oxidation of toluene in the presence of acetic acid or acetic anhydride.
Benzyl acetate is one of the most used odorants.
Benzyl acetate is also used as a flavor and, to a small extent, as a high-boiling solvent.

Preparation
Benzyl acetate is produced by the interaction of benzyl chloride and sodiumacetate, by acetylation of benzyl alcohol, or from benzaldehyde and acetic acid with zinc dust.

Reactivity Profile
Benzyl acetate is an ester.
Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.
Benzyl acetate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Benzyl acetate is also incompatible with acids, bases and reducing agents.

Health Hazard
Exposures to benzyl acetate cause adverse health effects.
The symptoms of toxicity and poisoning include irritation to the skin, eyes, burning sensation, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, labored breathing, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Benzyl acetate also causes adverse health effects to the respiratory tract and the CNS system with neurological effects.
Harmful if inhaled.
May be harmful if swallowed or absorbed through the skin.
Vapor or mist is irritating to the eyes, mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract.

Benzyl acetate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a moderate sweet-jasmine fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.
Benzyl Acetate, is found naturally in many flowers.


CAS Number: 140-11-4
EC Number: 205-399-7
MDL number: MFCD00008712
Chemical formula: C9H10O2 / CH3COOCH2C6H5


Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with an odor of pears.
Benzyl acetate is the acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl Acetate has a role as a metabolite.


Benzyl Acetate is an acetate ester and a benzyl ester.
Benzyl acetate is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Tanacetum parthenium, and other organisms with data available.
Benzyl Acetate, an organic compound, is the ester formed by the condensation of acetic acid and benzyl alcohol; it is the main constituent of the essential oils from jasmine flowers.


Benzyl Acetate, is found naturally in many flowers.
Benzyl Acetate is an ester of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and acetic acid but is also naturally present in the essential oils of many plants, including jasmine and ylang ylang.


Benzyl acetate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and acetic acid, but is also naturally present in the essential oils of many plants, including jasmine and ylang ylang.
Benzyl acetate has a role as a metabolite.


Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl acetate is an acetate ester and a benzyl ester.
Benzyl acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


Benzyl acetate often appears in fragrances, either as a synthetic additive used as a fixative to help preserve the longevity of a fragrance, or as a natural component of the essential oils used in the fragrance.
An ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2, Benzyl Acetate is naturally found in many flowers and has a sweet, floral odour.


Benzyl Acetate is sweet floral fruity fresh aromatic jasmine ylang powerful thin gardenia muguet lily flowers tuberose lily-of-the-valley violet melon watermelon (musk) strawberry apple apricot banana butter cherry.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl acetate is a flavouring agent Benzyl acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.


Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple.
Benzyl Acetate is sweet floral fruity fresh aromatic jasmine ylang powerful thin gardenia muguet lily flowers tuberose lily-of-the-valley violet melon watermelon (musk) strawberry apple apricot banana butter cherry.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is found in highest concentration in sweet basils and is detected in figs, fruits, pomes, tea, and alcoholic beverages making benzyl acetate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.


Benzyl acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmine and Gardenia fragrances, and Benzyl acetate enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.
Benzyl acetate is the primary constituent of the essential oils from the flowers jasmine, ylang-ylang and tobira.


Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of Jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl Acetate is found in a dozen essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth, and gardenia.
Benzyl acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as figs, fruits, pomes, tea, and alcoholic beverages.


Benzyl acetate belongs to the family of Benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


Benzyl acetate is used as a fragrance ingredient and occurs in different plants and fruits, e.g., jasmine, apple, tea, plum, wine grape.
Benzyl acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


Benzyl acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate or fema 2135, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.
Benzyl Acetate is in public use since the 1900s.
It was granted GRAS status by FEMA (1965) and is approved by the FDA for food use.


The Council of Europe (1970) listed benzyl acetate, giving an ADI of 5 mg/kg.
Benzyl acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.
Benzyl acetate occurs in jasmine, apple, cherry, guava fruit and peel, wine grape, white wine, tea, plum, cooked rice, Bourbon vanilla, naranjila fruit (Solanum quitoense), Chinese cabbage and quince.


Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
In the industrial odours, the volatility of Benzyl-acetate is often only an advantage.


Very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odours to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl acetate is a neutral compound with a sweet jasmine-like aroma and a sweet, apple, and apricot taste.
Benzyl acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a moderate sweet-jasmine fragrance.


Benzyl acetate appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.
Benzyl acetate is a chemical substance that acts as a colorless oily liquid with a special jasmine-type aroma.
Often, a synthetic note of benzyl acetate IS used by perfumers – but in reality, benzyl acetate is also found naturally in many flowers, including ylang-ylang, gardenia, hyacinth and jasmine.


Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmine and Gardenia fragrances, and Benzyl acetate enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.


Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate is found in alcoholic beverages.


Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
The Food Chemicals Codex (1972) has a monograph on benzyl acetate, and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1967) has published a monograph and specification for benzyl acetate, giving an unconditional A D I of 0-5 mg/kg body weight in man.


Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester.
Benzyl acetate is most obviously associated with berry flavors, but just like ethyl lactate last month, Benzyl acetate is rarely part of the character recognition of a specific flavor category.


Benzyl acetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.


In the industrial odours, the volatility of Benzyl-acetate is often only an advantage.
Benzyl Acetate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Benzyl Acetate, an organic compound, is the ester formed by condensation of acetic acid and benzyl alcohol; Benzyl Acetate is the main constituent of the essential oils from jasmine flowers.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate often appears in fragrances, either as a synthetic additive used as a fixative to help preserve the longevity of a fragrance, or as a natural component of the essential oils used in the fragrance.


The IFRA is a self-regulatory representative body of the fragrance industry, dedicated to promoting the safe use of fragrances.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5.
Benzyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and apricot tasting compound.


Benzyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sweet basils.
Benzyl Acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate can also provide an attractive berry nuance in a wide range of other non-fruit flavor types.


Benzyl acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate, is an organic ester formed from the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
The dose rates given are the levels suggested for use in flavors that are intended to be dosed at 0.05% in a ready to drink beverage or in a simple bouillon.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Tanacetum parthenium, and other organisms with data available.


Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl acetate is found naturally in many flowers.
Benzyl acetate is the primary constituent of the essential oils from the flowers jasmine, ylang-ylang and tobira.


Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Smelling Benzyl Acetate is like taking a stroll through a flower shop.


Fragrance creators often make a nature-identical version of Benzyl Acetate in a lab to ensure consistent quality and help preserve the earth’s natural resources.
Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.


Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple.
Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees.
Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with an odor of pears.


Benzyl acetate is the acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Almost insoluble in water, miscible with most solvents such as ethanol, ether, etc.


These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
The lab-created version can be derived from various resources, including renewable materials.


Benzyl Acetate, an organic compound, is the ester formed by condensation of acetic acid and benzyl alcohol; Benzyl Acetate is the main constituent of the essential oils from jasmine flowers.
Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.


Benzyl acetate is stable under normal conditions of use.
Benzyl acetate has fruity undertones (peachy, pear-y, banana-y, apple-y), but complements white flowers wonderfully.
So much so that the colourless liquid is actually used in almost all jasmine-based scents.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.


Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Benzyl acetate is another very widely used ester with a somewhat multipurpose character.
Benzyl acetate would be very difficult to imagine a jasmine profile without benzyl acetate but within the flavor realm Benzyl acetate is much less assertive.


The most direct use of benzyl acetate is certainly with berry flavors and Benzyl acetate does play an important role in this category of flavors, but the very attractive fruity/berry character of this ester can, surprisingly, sometimes find an even better home in non-berry fruit flavors, such as peach and passion fruit.


Berry Flavors:
*Raspberry:
Levels of use of benzyl acetate in raspberry flavors vary considerably and can be as high as 5,000 ppm.
*Blackberry:
The same variation in levels of use is equally true for blackberry flavors and my preference for more moderate levels, around 1,000 ppm,.


*Cherry:
Cherry flavors with a heavily dominant benzaldehyde character can benefit from significant additions of benzyl acetate, up to 2,000 ppm, but more subtle and authentic flavors are better served by more moderate additions in the region of 500 ppm.


*Strawberry:
The ester character in strawberry flavors is normally dominated by ethyl butyrate and other bright aliphatic esters.
This can easily result in a lack of Benzyl acetate to the fruity, berry note and a modest addition of this ingredient, up to 500 ppm, can help to correct that.


*Cranberry:
500 ppm of benzyl acetate is also effective in cranberry flavors in a very similar way, deepening and adding authenticity to the berry character.
*Blueberry:
Blueberry and bilberry (wild blueberry) flavors are relatively subtle and the best level of addition of this ingredient is a little lower, around 300 ppm.


*Blackcurrant:
This flavor category exhibits the same type of variability as cherry flavors.
Simplistic, traditional, flavors that rely heavily on buchu oil can benefit from levels of addition of benzyl acetate as high as 2,000 ppm, but more realistic flavors are very different and here levels nearer to 200 ppm function much better.


Other Fruit Flavors:
*Peach:
Benzyl acetate is very helpful in all the many different styles of peach flavors, adding useful depth and fruit character. The ideal level of addition varies but is relatively high, around 4,000 ppm.


*Apricot:
Benzyl acetate plays a very similar role in apricot flavors and is similarly effective in every style of flavor, even including dried apricot flavors, but the best level of use is a little lower, nearer to 2,000 ppm.


*Watermelon:
1,000 ppm of this ingredient also fulfils a very similar function in watermelon flavors and, in the same way as in peach and apricot flavors, Benzyl acetate has a very harmonious relationship with the family of peachy gamma lactones.
Many watermelon flavors veer off in a tutti-frutti direction and higher levels, up to 2,000 ppm can work well in this context.


*Passion Fruit:
Passion fruit flavors can tend to be dominated by ethyl butyrate and other similar bright esters in much the same way as strawberry flavors; and benzyl acetate can also work well to deepen the flavor at 1,000 ppm.


*Pineapple:
This is equally true of pineapple flavors because similar esters are involved but the best effect is achieved at slightly lower levels of addition, around 800 ppm.


*Banana:
Banana flavors can also be easily dominated by aliphatic esters, in this case iso-amyl and related esters.
Benzyl acetate adds welcome depth and complexity at around 500 ppm.


*Mango:
The fruity berry character of benzyl acetate adds complexity and authenticity to all styles of mango flavors.
The best level of addition is in the region of 800 ppm.


*Grape:
All types of grape flavor can benefit substantially from the addition of this ingredient but the effects vary.
Concord grape flavors benefit from a degree of tempering of the core anthranilate notes and 500 ppm is a good level in this context.
Non-Concord type can also all benefit from the enhanced floral notes obtained by using this chemical in conjunction with linalool at around 200 ppm.


Other Flavors:
*Jasmine:
This, more than any other profile in nature, is where benzyl acetate is truly indispensable.
A jasmine flavor without this ingredient would be unthinkable.
The ideal level of addition in jasmine flavors is around 5,000 ppm.


*Brown Sugar and Molasses:
Both these sugar related profiles have a distinct fruity component but Benzyl acetate is normally perceived as more closely related to rum than berries.
Benzyl acetate is actually very effective at deepening and improving the fruity note without changing this overall impression at levels of addition around 500 ppm.


*Vanilla Bean:
The quest to create a realistic vanilla bean flavor is predominantly the search for a great many effective minor ingredients that will function in combination rather than a single magic bullet.
Benzyl acetate can help with the fruity note of vanilla bean extract at around 150 ppm.


*Chocolate:
Similarly, the effect in chocolate flavors is shading rather than anything dramatic but Benzyl acetate works surprisingly well in all the different styles of chocolate flavors at around 100 ppm.


*Hazelnut:
A little of Benzyl acetate can be interesting in all nut flavors but it is especially useful in hazelnut flavors.
Benzyl acetate can add depth and complexity at levels around 100 ppm.


*Walnut:
The fruity berry note of benzyl acetate also works well to give a subtle fruity note to walnut flavors.
The best level of addition is 50 ppm.


*Roast Beef:
The idea of adding benzyl acetate to roast beef flavors, or any other meat flavor, may seem a little deluded but Benzyl acetate is actually surprisingly effective.
Levels of addition around 50 ppm have the effect of adding a realistic and fleshy character.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYL ACETATE:
Other release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Benzyl acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.


Industrially benzyl acetate is used as a medium of extraction in extraction of plastics, resin, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, oils and lacquers.
Benzyl Acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.


Benzyl Acetate is used esters of synthetic fragrances.
Benzyl Acetate is mainly used as a blending fragrance for jasmine, white orchid, jade hairpin, and moonlight fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate has been used as a food additive in fruit flavours and as a component of perfumes since the early 1990s and is widely used as a fragrance in soaps, detergents and incense.


Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Consequently, Benzyl acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for its aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.
Benzyl Acetate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl Acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, polishes and waxes, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and cosmetics and personal care products.


Benzyl acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for its aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, perfumes and fragrances, air care products, polymers, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and polishes and waxes.


Benzyl acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, polishes and waxes, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.


Consequently, Benzyl acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for Benzyl acetate's aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.
Benzyl Acetate is widely used in many kinds of fragrances because Benzyl Acetate has the effect of enhancing the fragrance of floral and fantasy fragrances and is inexpensive.


Benzyl Acetate is used as a solvent to resins, plastic, polishes, paints and printing ink etc
Benzyl Acetate, is found naturally in many flowers, Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine, and thus is used widely in perfumery industry, and also as a flavouring agent.


Benzyl Acetate is used as fragrant in cosmetic, soap.
Benzyl Acetate is used production of other organic compounds.
Benzyl Acetate is used in Textile and Dyeing Industry.


Other release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).


Benzyl acetate is used as an artificial jasmine and other perfumes, soap perfume, flavoring agent, solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate, natural and synthetic resins, oils, lacquers, polishes, printing inks, and varnish removers.
Benzyl acetate is used in perfumery and in chemical synthesis; artificial jasmine and other perfumes; flavoring; solvent and high boiler for cellulose acetate and nitrate, natural and synthetic resins, oils, lacquers, polishes, printing inks, and varnish removers.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl Acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl Acetate is intended to be released from scented: clothes, paper products and CDs.


Benzyl acetate is the main component of jasmine and other infusions, is the fragrance of the fragrance, such as fragrance, Ylang Ylang, and other indispensable fragrances, because of the low cost, mostly used in soap and other industrial flavors. Often used in jasmine, white orchid, jade hairpin, under the moon, narcissus, and other flavors in large quantities can also be used in small quantities in raw pears, apples, bananas, mulberries, and other types of edible flavors.


Other release to the environment of Benzyl acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Benzyl Acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.
In the industrial odors, the volatility of Benzyl- acetate is often only an advantage (Arctander).
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and agriculture, forestry and fishing.


Other release to the environment of Benzyl acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Benzyl Acetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).


Benzyl acetate is also used as a solvent in plastics and resin, cellulose acetate, nitrate, oils, lacquers, polishes, and inks.
Other release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.


Benzyl acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: perfumes and fragrances, washing & cleaning products, air care products, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).


Benzyl Acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmine and Gardenia fragrances, and Benzyl Acetate enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.
Release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl Acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.
Benzyl Acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmin and Gardenia fragrances, and Benzyl Acetate enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.


The use of benzyl acetate is China’s temporary permission to use edible flavor, can be used to modulate prunes, apples, pineapples, grapes, bananas, strawberries, and other fruity edible flavors, the number of normal production needs, generally in chewing gum 760mg/kg; candy 34mg/kg; baked goods in 22mg/kg; cold drinks in 14mg/kg; soft drinks in 7.8mg/kg. uses 1. Spice use.


Benzyl acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; Benzyl acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and agriculture, forestry and fishing.


Very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, perfumes and fragrances, air care products, polymers, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and polishes and waxes.


Benzyl Acetate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Industrially benzyl acetate is used as a medium of extraction in extraction of plastics, resin, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, oils and lacquers.
Benzyl Acetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odours to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.


Benzyl Acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.
Benzyl Acetate is mainly used in the preparation of jasmine, peach, apricot, raspberry, strawberry, apple, grape, plum, banana, cherry, pear, pineapple, papaya, cream, and other types of flavors.


Release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.
In the industrial odours, the volatility of Benzyl-acetate is often only an advantage.
Release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Benzyl acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is used for synthesis.


With the progress of science and technology and the development of society, chemical products have invariably permeated our daily lives, in medicine, food, cosmetics, electronics, industry, and other areas, becoming an essential part of our lives. One such product is Benzyl acetate which has developed particularly rapidly in recent years.


Benzyl Acetate is very extensively used in the perfumery, from the lowest-priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil. Benzyl Acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmin and Gardenia fragrances, and it enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.


Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.
Benzyl Acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.


Benzyl Acetate is used fragrance, solvent, good solubility for grease, nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, etc.
Benzyl Acetate can also dissolve rosin, glycerol trigonelline, coumarone resin, etc.
Therefore, Benzyl Acetate is used as a solvent for shellac, alkyd resin, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, dyestuff, grease, and printing ink.


Benzyl Acetate is frequently used in flavor compositions, for imitation Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Pear, Plum, Pineapple, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Violet, etc. etc. (S. arctander).
Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.


In the industrial odors, the volatility of Benzyl acetate is often only an advantage.
ommon Applications of Benzyl Acetate: apple, cherry, blueberry, floral, gardenia, hibiscus, passion fruit
Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine, and thus is used widely in perfumery industry, and also as a flavouring agent.


Benzyl Acetate is used in the preparation of jasmine and other floral fragrances and soap fragrances GB2760 – 1996 for the temporary use of edible fragrances allowed.
Benzyl Acetate is also used as a solvent.


Benzyl acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.
Benzyl acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.


Benzyl Acetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Common Applications of Benzyl Acetate: apple, cherry, blueberry, floral, gardenia, hibiscus, passion fruit.
Industrially, Benzyl acetate is used as a medium of extraction in extraction of plastics, resin, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, oils and lacquers.


Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl Acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.
Benzyl acetate is used for synthesis.


Benzyl Acetate is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone.
Benzyl acetate is also used as a solvent in plastics and resin, cellulose acetate, nitrate, oils, lacquers, polishes and inks.
In apiculture, benzyl acetate is used as a bait to collect bees.


Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.
Natural sources of benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc.


Benzyl acetate is also used as a solvent in plastics and resin, cellulose acetate, nitrate, oils, lacquers, polishes and inks.
Benzyl Acetate is very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odours to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.


Benzyl acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Benzyl acetate is used as a flavoring agent to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams.
Benzyl acetate is found naturally in many flowers.


An ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2, Benzyl acetate is naturally found in many flowers and has a sweet, floral odour.
Consequently, Benzyl acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for Benzyl acetate's aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.
Benzyl Acetate is also used as a solvent.


Release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Benzyl Acetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).


Benzyl acetate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Benzyl acetate is intended to be released from scented: clothes, paper products and CDs.


Benzyl Acetate is widespread uses by professional workers.
Found naturally in gardenias and ylang ylang, Benzyl acetate is used in a wide variety of consumer products for Benzyl acetate's robust floral, jasmine aroma.


Benzyl acetate is used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
In perfumery, solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate.
Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.


-Solvent aspects of benzyl acetate in water-soluble 0.23% (wt), insoluble in glycerol.
But Benzyl Acetate can be miscible with alcohols, ethers, ketones and ester fatty hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Benzyl Acetate has good solubility for grease, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.
Benzyl Acetate can also dissolve rosin, glycerol trigonelline, coumarone resin, etc.
Therefore, Benzyl Acetate is used as a solvent for shellac, alkyd resin, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, dyestuff, grease, printing ink, etc.


-Benzyl acetate is found naturally in many flowers.
Benzyl Acetate is the primary constituent of the essential oils from the flowers jasmine, ylang-ylang and tobira.
Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Consequently, Benzyl Acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for Benzyl Acetate's aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.


-Flavor Profile:
Frequently used in flavor compositions, for imitation Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Pear, Plum, Pineapple, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Violet, etc (Arctander).


-Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees.
Benzyl Acetate is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone; In apiculture benzyl acetate is used as a bait to collect bees.
Natural sources of benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc.


-Cosmetic Uses:
*fragrance
*perfuming agents
*solvents



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL ACETATE:
Benzyl acetate has a characteristic flowery (jasmine) odor and a bitter, pungent taste.
Benzyl acetate is the main component of jasmine absolute and gardenia oils.
Benzyl acetate occurs as a minor component in a large number of other essential oils and extracts.
Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a strong, fruity, jasmine odor.



PREPARATION OF BENZYL ACETATE:
Benzyl acetate is prepared by esterification of benzyl alcohol with acetic anhydride (e.g., with sodium acetate as a catalyst) or by reaction of benzyl chloride with sodium acetate.
In terms of volume, benzyl acetate is one of the most important fragrance and flavor chemicals.
Although benzyl acetate is present in some essential oils at levels up to 65%, most of the commercial product is of synthetic origin.



OCCURRENCE OF BENZYL ACETATE:
Present as a main constituent in several oils and flower absolutes: ylang-ylang, cananga, neroli, jasmine, hyacinth, gardenia, tuberose.
Benzyl Acetate has been isolated from the essential oil of the flowers of Loiseleuria procumbens Desv.
Also reported found in apricot, cooked asparagus, mozzarella cheese, grilled beef, cooked pork, malt whiskey, fresh mango, malt, wort and clams.



THE ODOUR AND USES OF BENZYL ACETATE:
*Odour=> sweet floral fruity fresh sweet aromatic floral fruity jasmin ylang. Powerful but thin sweet floral fresh and light fruity odor reminiscent of Jasmin Gardenia Muguet Lily and other flowers Very extensively used in perfumery from the lowest priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil

*Perfume-Uses=> Jasmin Gardenia Tuberose Muguet Lily-of-the-Valley Violet Ylang Melon Watermelon Apple Juice Melon (musk) Strawberry Olive Oil Floral-types, Jasmin, Gardenia, Muguet, Lily, Industrial-perfumes, Fixative-effect, Violet, Apple Apricot Banana Butter Cherry Peach Fear Plum Pineapple Quince Raspberry Strawberry Violet Rice, Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Plum, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Chewing-gum, Loiseleuria Procumbens Desv. (azalea) : Jasmine (all types) : Ylang ylang :

*Blends-well-with=> +Acetophenone +Benzyl Isobutyrate +Atractylis +Benzyl Isovalerate +Benzyl Propionate Gums,



PREPARATION OF BENZYL ACETATE:
By interaction of benzyl chloride and sodium acetate; by acetylation of benzyl alcohol, or from benzaldehyde and acetic acid with zinc dust.



COMPOUND TYPE of BENZYL ACETATE:
*Ester
*Ether
*Food Toxin
*Fragrance Toxin
*Household Toxin
*Metabolite
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Plant Toxin



SUBSTITUENTS of BENZYL ACETATE:
*Benzyloxycarbonyl
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of BENZYL ACETATE:
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL ACETATE:
CAS number: 140-11-4
EC number: 205-399-7
Hill Formula: C₉H₁₀O₂
Chemical formula: CH₃COOCH₂C₆H₅
Molar Mass: 150.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 39 00
Boiling point: 205 - 207 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.055 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 8.4 %(V)
Flash point: 95 °C
Ignition temperature: 460 °C
Melting Point: -51 °C
Vapor pressure: 31 hPa (110 °C)
Molar mass: 150.18 g/mol
Appearance: Colourless liquid

Odor: flowery
Density: 1.054 g/ml
Melting point: −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F; 221.7 K)
Boiling point: 212 °C (414 °F; 485 K)
Solubility in water: 0.31 g/100 mL
Solubility: Soluble in benzene, chloroform
Miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -93.18·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.523
Min. Purity Spec: >99% (GC)
Physical Form (at 20°C): Colorless clear liquid
Melting Point: -51°C
Boiling Point: 206 °C
Flash Point: 95 °C
Density: 1.05
Refractive Index: 1.501-1.503
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place

Boiling point: 205 - 207 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.055 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 8.4 %(V)
Flash point: 95 °C
Ignition temperature: 460 °C
Melting Point: -51 °C
Vapor pressure: 31 hPa (110 °C)
Appearance Form: clear, liquid
Colour: colourless
Odour: No data available
Odour Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -51 °C - lit.

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 206 °C - lit.
Flash point: 95 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapour pressure: 31 hPa at 110 °C
Vapour density: No data available
Relative density: 1,054 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Water solubility: 0,0001 g/l - slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,96 at 25 °C
Auto-ignition temperature: 460 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Soluble in:
*ethyl alcohol, 5 vol. of 60% alcohol
*fixed oils
*kerosene
*paraffin oil
*propylene glycol
*water-alcohol mixtures: 30% 1:200, 35% 1:120 40% 1:70 50% 1:20 60% 1:5
*water, 3100 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: glycerin
Stability: non-discoloring in most media
Odor Description:sweet, flowery, fresh and slightly fruity, reminiscent of jasmine, low tenacity
Taste Description:green, dry-powdery, fruity somewhat milky and estery
Useful in: brown nuts, vanilla, fruity citrus, fruity red, fruity yellow, fruity tropical, fruity others, sweet others.



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Description of first aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,3 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 57 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available
-Other decomposition products:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
.alpha.-Acetoxytoluene
0ECG3V79ZJ
140-11-4
A0022
ACETATO DE BENCILO
Acetic acid benzyl
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid,phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid-benzyl ester
AI3-01996
AKOS015841099
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
AMY3828
Benxyl acetate
BENZYL ACETATE
BENZYL ACETATE (IARC)
Benzyl acetate (natural)
Benzyl acetate + glycine combination
BENZYL ACETATE [FCC]
BENZYL ACETATE [FHFI]
BENZYL ACETATE [HSDB]
BENZYL ACETATE [IARC]
BENZYL ACETATE [INCI]
BENZYL ACETATE [MI]
BENZYL ACETATE [VANDF]
Benzyl Acetate Natural
Benzyl acetate, >=99%
Benzyl acetate, >=99%, FCC, FG
Benzyl acetate, analytical standard
Benzyl acetate, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG
Benzyl acetate, primary pharmaceutical reference standard
Benzyl acetate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
Benzyl ester of acetic acid
Benzyl ethanoate
Benzyl-23456-d5 Acetate
benzylacetate
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Benzylester kyseliny octove [Czech]
BZE (CHRIS Code)
CAS-140-11-4
Caswell No. 081EA
CCG-266204
CCRIS 1423
CHEBI:52051
CHEMBL1233714
CS-W018145
DTXCID40151
DTXSID0020151
E1501
EC 205-399-7
EINECS 205-399-7
EN300-1267317
FEMA 2135
FEMA No. 2135
FT-0621741
HSDB 2851
HY-N7124
J-007357
J0Z
MFCD00008712
NCGC00090779-01
NCGC00090779-02
NCGC00090779-03
NCGC00256379-01
NCGC00259375-01
nchem.167-comp5
NCI-C06508
NSC 4550
NSC-4550
NSC4550
Phenylmethyl acetate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Plastolin I
Q424223
s5576
SCHEMBL43745
STL283809
Tox21_201826
Tox21_302841
UNII-0ECG3V79ZJ
W-200649
WLN: 1VO1R
Z19628364
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Acetic Acid Phenylmethyl Ester
Benzyl Alcohol Acetate
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
Benzyl Ethanoate
NSC 4550
Phenylmethyl Pcetate
α-Acetoxytoluene;
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetate, benzyl ester
Acetate, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoic acid
Phenylmethyl ethanoic acid
Benzyl acetic acid
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate (natural)
Benzyl ethanoate
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Phenylmethyl acetate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic Acid Phenylmethyl Ester
Benzyl Alcohol Acetate
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
Benzyl Ethanoate
NSC 4550
Phenylmethyl Pcetate
α-Acetoxytoluene
C9H10O2, Benzyl Ethanoate
Methyl Benzeneacetate
Acetic Acid, Benzyl Ester