Triisobutyl Phosphate About Triisobutyl phosphate Triisobutyl phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 per annum. Triisobutyl phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Consumer Uses of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants, washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, finger paints and leather treatment products. Other release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Article service life of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Other release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment). Triisobutyl phosphate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles. Triisobutyl phosphate can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones). Widespread uses by professional workers of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, hydraulic fluids, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids. Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and scientific research and development. Triisobutyl phosphate is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles. Other release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Formulation or re-packing of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following products: metal working fluids, adhesives and sealants, anti-freeze products, coating products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, washing & cleaning products, extraction agents and oil and gas exploration or production products. Release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials. Uses at industrial sites of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, hydraulic fluids, heat transfer fluids, metal working fluids, oil and gas exploration or production products and textile treatment products and dyes. Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following areas: mining and building & construction work. Triisobutyl phosphate is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products, textile, leather or fur, rubber products and plastic products. Release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid. Manufacture of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance. Analysis Note Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a) Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.963 - 0.967 Identity (IR): passes test Triisobutyl phosphate is a very strong solvent used for liquefying concrete, textile auxiliaries, paper coating compounds, etc. TiBT (Triisobutyl phosphate) is a very strong, polar solvent. Triisobutyl phosphate is mainly used as an antifoaming agent in various aqueous systems where it has the ability to both destroy foam and act as a foam inhibitor. Triisobutyl phosphate is also used in the roduction of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber. In both ellulose-based plastics and synthetic resins, it is used as a flame-retarding plasticizer. Triisobutyl phosphate is employed as a pasting agent for pigment pastes. Due to the limited influence of temperature on the viscosity of Triisobutyl phosphate, it also serves as an important component in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids for aircraft. As a very strong wetting agent, Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the textile industry and in the field of adhesives. Bussiness Unit of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) : Rhein Chemie Additives Areas of Applications of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Antifoam tetile Building industry Concrete additives Construction material Glues and adhesives Catalysis and Chemicals Processing Chemical synthesis Textile Paper and board Manufacturing of glues and adhesives Textiles and fibres Properties & Benefits of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) strong solvent strong antifoaming agent strong wetting agent Synonyms of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Phosphoric acid triisobutylester Triisobutyl phosphate Tri-iso-butylphosphate Triisobutylphosphate Triisobutyl phosphate, known commonly as TIBP, is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO. This colourless, odorless liquid finds some applications as an extractant and a plasticizer. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with n-butanol. Production of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is manufactured by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with n-butanol. POCl3 + 3 C4H9OH → PO(OC4H9)3 + 3 HCl Production is estimated at 3,000–5,000 tonnes worldwide. Use of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. It forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2. The major uses of Triisobutyl phosphate in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores. Triisobutyl phosphate finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates. As it has no odour, it is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives. Triisobutyl phosphate is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions. In oil-based lubricants addition of Triisobutyl phosphate increases the oil film strength. Triisobutyl phosphate is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties. It can be used as a heat-exchange medium. Triisobutyl phosphate is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases. Nuclear chemistry of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) A 15–40% (usually about 30%) solution of Triisobutyl phosphate in kerosene or dodecane is used in the liquid–liquid extraction (solvent extraction) of uranium, plutonium, and thorium from spent uranium nuclear fuel rods dissolved in nitric acid, as part of a nuclear reprocessing process known as PUREX. The shipment of 20 tons of Triisobutyl phosphate to North Korea from China in 2002, coinciding with the resumption of activity at Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center, was seen by the United States and the International Atomic Energy Agency as cause for concern; that amount was considered sufficient to extract enough material for perhaps three to five potential nuclear weapons. Hazards of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) In contact with concentrated nitric acid the Triisobutyl phosphate-kerosene solution forms hazardous and explosive red oil. Triisobutyl phosphate is a toxic organophosphorous compound widely used in many industrial applications, including significant usage in nuclear processing. The industrial application of this chemical is responsible for occupational exposure and environmental pollution. In this study, (1)H NMR-based metabonomics has been applied to investigate the metabolic response to Triisobutyl phosphate exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a Triisobutyl phosphate-dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, followed by 24hr urine collection, as was previously demonstrated for finding most of the intermediates of Triisobutyl phosphate. High-resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopy of urine samples in conjunction with statistical pattern recognition and compound identification allowed for the metabolic changes associated with Triisobutyl phosphate treatment to be identified. Discerning NMR spectral regions corresponding to three Triisobutyl phosphate metabolites, dibutyl phosphate (DBP), N-acetyl-(S-3-hydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-(S-3-oxobutyl)-L-cysteine, were identified in Triisobutyl phosphate-treated rats. In addition, the (1)H NMR spectra revealed Triisobutyl phosphate-induced variations of endogenous urinary metabolites including benzoate, urea, and trigonelline along with metabolites involved in the Krebs cycle including citrate, cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and fumarate. These findings indicate that Triisobutyl phosphate induces a disturbance to the Krebs cycle energy metabolism and provides a biomarker signature of Triisobutyl phosphate exposure. ... /The/ three metabolites of Triisobutyl phosphate, dibutylphosphate, N-acetyl-(S-3-hydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-(S-3-oxobutyl)-L-cysteine, which are not present in the control groups, are the most important factors in separating the Triisobutyl phosphate and control groups (p<0.0023), while the endogenous compounds 2-oxoglutarate, benzoate, fumarate, trigonelline, and cis-aconetate were also important (p<0.01). The rate of metabolism of Triisobutyl phosphate and the nature of the metabolites produced were determined in in vitro tests on rat liver homogenate. It was found that rat liver microsomal enzymes rapidly metabolized Triisobutyl phosphate in the presence of NADPH (within 30 min), but only slight metabolic breakdown (11%) occurred in the absence of added NADPH. Dibutyl(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate was obtained as a metabolite in the first stage of the test. The extended incubation time in the second stage of the test yielded two further metabolites, butyl di(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate and dibutyl hydrogen phosphate, which were produced from the primary metabolite dibutyl(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate. IDENTIFICATION: Triisobutyl phosphate is a colorless to pale yellow, odorless liquid. It is moderately soluble in water. USE: Triisobutyl phosphate is mainly used as a flame-retardant component of aircraft hydraulic fluid. It is used as a solvent for extracting rare earth elements, such as uranium and plutonium. Triisobutyl phosphate is also used in the making of plastics and in cement casings for oil wells. EXPOSURE: Exposure to Triisobutyl phosphate can be from ingestion, inhalation, or skin or eye contact. This exposure will most often happen from occupational use of hydraulic fluid. If Triisobutyl phosphate is released to the environment, it will bind tightly to dust particles in the air. Unbound Triisobutyl phosphate will break down in air. It will move slowly through soil because it will bind with soil particles. It may volatilize slowly from moist soil and water surfaces. It may build up in aquatic organisms. It will be broken down in water by microbes. RISK: Studies of possible health effects in humans exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate are not available. Damage to the urinary bladder was observed in laboratory rats exposed to very high concentrations of Triisobutyl phosphate in their diet for up to 2 years. Some of the rats developed urinary bladder tumors. Triisobutyl phosphate was irritating when applied directly to the skin or eyes of laboratory animals. Other studies of laboratory animals given very high doses of Triisobutyl phosphate by mouth found no clear evidence for abortions, birth defects, impaired reproductive performance, or severe neurological effects. ACGIH (2013) determined that Triisobutyl phosphate is a Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans. The potential for Triisobutyl phosphate to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens. Triisobutyl phosphate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Two-cell mouse embryos were exposed in vitro to Triisobutyl phosphate, x rays, or a combination of both. In-vitro development of the embryos was followed microscopically (cleavage to four- and eight-cell embryos, formation of morulae and blastocysts, and hatching of blastocysts). Effects on proliferation were estimated by counting the number of cells per embryo early (48 h p.c. = 48 hours post conceptionem) and late (144 h p.c.) in the preimplantation period. Cytogenetic damage was studied using micronucleus formation as the end point. Triisobutyl phosphate did not reveal toxic effects up to a concentration of about 5 microM after an exposure time of 18 h. At a concentration of about 15 microM, 50% of late preimplantation embryos showed effects on morphological development and on cell proliferation, and at about 40 microM, 90% of the embryos were affected. Triisobutyl phosphate did not induce micronuclei. Small effects by x irradiation were observed between 0.25 Gy and 0.5 Gy, depending on the end point measured in the late preimplantation stage. Fifty percent of the embryos were affected by a dose slightly higher than 1 Gy, and 90% after about 4 Gy. No enhancement in risk was found after combined treatment of the embryos with Triisobutyl phosphate and x rays. IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Triisobutyl phosphate is a colorless to pale-yellow odorless liquid. It is used as a plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins. Used in fire-resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids. Other uses include heat-exchange medium, solvent extraction of metal ions from solution of reactor products, solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, pigment grinding assistant, antifoaming agent, dielectric. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Breathing vapors of Triisobutyl phosphate causes irritation of mucous membranes and if inhalation is prolonged there can be general poisoning with paralysis. In contact with skin Triisobutyl phosphate can cause irritation. Triisobutyl phosphate may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. It may also cause nausea and headache. In a series of 42 patients with furniture related dermatitis, a positive patch test reaction was seen in 1 patient. In vitro it acts as androgen receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. ANIMAL STUDIES: Triisobutyl phosphate was not acutely toxic by dermal exposure in the rabbit and in the guinea pig. Application to either intact or abraded skin of rabbits and guinea pigs produced irritation with edema and erythema. The instillation of Triisobutyl phosphate in the conjunctival sac of rabbits gave rise to mild irritation. Rats subjected to multiple intragastric administrations of Triisobutyl phosphate showed hyperemia of internal organs and brain. Triisobutyl phosphate was not neurotoxic to rats, but induced paralysis in mice. Triisobutyl phosphate did not cause organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in the adult hen. Triisobutyl phosphate produced tumors of the bladder urothelium in rats at high doses, with greater effects in males than in females. It does not produce tumors in mice. The chemical was not teratogenic in rats. In the rabbit, maternal and embryo toxicity were suggested at 400 mg/kg/day with no observations of fetotoxicity or teratogenicity in any dosage group. No mutagenic activity was identified after treatment with Triisobutyl phosphate: when tested in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) mutation assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, both with and without metabolic activation and when testing in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537 with or without metabolic activations. Triisobutyl phosphate did not induce chromosomal damage in rat bone marrow cells. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Rainbow trout treated with Triisobutyl phosphate had severe balance disturbances, which included highly atypical movements like darting, coiling swimming, and backward somersaults. At higher concentrations the fish were immobilized, lying on their sides at the bottom of the water, and some of them died. Triisobutyl phosphate's production and use as an extraction agent for rare earths, uranium, plutonium, and metal ions; heat-exchange medium, solvent, plasticizer, pigment grinding assistant, antifoam agent and dielectric may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.13X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Triisobutyl phosphate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Triisobutyl phosphate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.4 hours. Triisobutyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Triisobutyl phosphate is expected to have slight mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2400. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Triisobutyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 3% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks, while another test using activated sludge inoculum showed 56-96% biodegradation, indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, Triisobutyl phosphate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Aqueous biodegradation test results for Triisobutyl phosphate varied from negligible biodegradation to 30-100% biodegradation. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 40 and 300 days, respectively. BCFs of 5.5-20 in carp, 30-35 in killifish and 6-11 in goldfish suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 9.9 to 11.5 years(pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to Triisobutyl phosphate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Triisobutyl phosphate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing Triisobutyl phosphate. Triisobutyl phosphate was judged to biodegrade with acclimation in two aerobic screening tests using acclimated sludge and sewage as inoculum(1-2). In one of these tests, 30.4 and 90.8% of theoretical CO2 was evolved in 7 and 28 days, respectively, after 14 days acclimation. In a simulated semi-continuous activated sludge biological treatment test, 96% and 56% degradation occurred in 13 and 21 weeks at respective feed rates of 3 and 13 ppm. After a 2 day lag, 13% and 100% of Triisobutyl phosphate present degraded in a river die-away test (Mississippi River water) in 4 and 7 days, respectively. Triisobutyl phosphate, present at 100 mg/L, reached 3% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test. While 0-13% of theoretical CO2 was evolved when trench leachate from Maxey Flats, KY containing Triisobutyl phosphate was incubated with sewage for 24 days, this percentage increased to 38% when a source of nitrogen was added to the test solution. Triisobutyl phosphate was judged to be difficult to biodegrade in seawater and river water based on the results of the 3-day cultivation method by four Japanese institutes(5-6). In a study of contamination of the lower Weser River, Germany, it was found that in the high water periods in the cold months (flow rate >400 cu m/s, avg temp 6.9 °C) biodegradation of Triisobutyl phosphate was negligible, while during low flow periods in warmer months (flow <300 cu m/s, avg temp 14.9 °C) biological degradation was 30-50% over a 4-7 day period. According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Triisobutyl phosphate, which has a vapor pressure of 1.13X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Triisobutyl phosphate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.4 hours, calculated from its rate constant of 7.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C that was derived using a structure estimation method. Triisobutyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Triisobutyl phosphate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C using a structure estimation method. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Triisobutyl phosphate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 9.9 to 11.5 years at pH 9 to 5. Triisobutyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. The Henry's Law constant for Triisobutyl phosphate is estimated as 1.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole derived from its vapor pressure, 1.13X10-3 mm Hg, and water solubility, 280 mg/L. This Henry's Law constant indicates that Triisobutyl phosphate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces. Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as 40 days. The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as 300 days. Triisobutyl phosphate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur. Triisobutyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 109,402 workers (19,015 of these are female) were potentially exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate in the US. Occupational exposure to Triisobutyl phosphate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Triisobutyl phosphate is produced or used. Triisobutyl phosphate was detected in 12 indoor air samples collected from the dismantling hall of a electronic products recycling plant with a concentration of 9-18 ng/cu m. Potentially 43,000 aircraft mechanics and another 300 aircraft industry employees are exposed to aircraft hydraulic fluid containing Triisobutyl phosphate. In addition, 500 Triisobutyl phosphate manufacturing, processing, and distribution workers are potentially exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate during handling, transfer, and packaging of products, equipment cleaning and repair, and cleaning up spills. Triisobutyl phosphate was detected in 3 offices at 4.5-8.1 ng/cu m; in 2 furniture stores at 14-17 ng/cu m and in 3 electronic stores at 1.7-17 ng/cu m; all samples were collected in and around Zurich, Switzerland. Triisobutyl phosphate was detected in three offices, three health care rooms, three workshops and four stores at 3-7, 1-2, 1-24 and 5-172 ng/cu m, respectively. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing Triisobutyl phosphate. In EPA's National Human Monitoring Program's National Human Adipose Tissue Survey, broad scan survey for 1982, Triisobutyl phosphate was detected at 120 ng/g in 1 of 46 composite samples analyzed. The sample came from the 0-14 age group of the east north central census region. Triisobutyl phosphate was detected at 10 ppb in plaque from the aorta of one of two autopsied heart attack victims.

TIPA; TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE, N° CAS : 122-20-3, Nom INCI : TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE, Nom chimique : 1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-528-4, Classification : Ses fonctions (INCI),Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques; Noms français : 1,1',1''-NITRILOTRI(2-PROPANOL); 1,1',1''-NITRILOTRI-2-PROPANOL ; 1,1',1''-NITRILOTRIS-2-PROPANOL; TRI-2-PROPANOLAMINE; TRI-ISO-PROPANOLAMINE; Triisopropanolamine; TRIS(2-HYDROXY-1-PROPYL)AMINE; TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE; TRIS(2-PROPANOL)AMINE. Noms anglais : Triisopropanolamine; Utilisation et sources d'émission : Agent émulsifiant. 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol); 1,1',1'-nitrilotripropan-2-ol; 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri-; 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris-; 3,3',3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol); TIPA; Tri-2-propanolamine; Triisopropanolamine; Tris(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine; Tris(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Tris(2-propanol)amine. Translated names: 1,1',1"-nitrilotripropan-2-olis (lt); 1,1',1"-nitriltripropān-2-ols (lv); 1,1',1"-нитрилотрипропан-2-oл (bg); 1,1',1''-nitriilitripropan-2-oli (fi); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropaan-2-ol (nl); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropaan-2-ool (et); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropan-2-ol (da); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropan-2-olo (it); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropane-2-ol (fr); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropano-2-ol (pt); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropán-2-ol (sk); 1,1',1''-νιτριλοτριπροπαν-2-όλ (el); 1,1`,1``-nitrylotripropan-2-ol (pl); 1,1´,1´´-nitrilotripropan-2-ol (cs); 1,1’,1”-nitrilotripropán-2-ol (hu); triisopropanolamin (cs); triisopropanolammina (it); triisopropanoolamiin (et); triizopropanolamin (hr); triizopropanolamina (ro); triizopropanolaminas (lt); triizopropanolamín (sk); triizopropanoloamina (pl); triizopropānolamīns (lv); триизопропаноламин (bg). IUPAC names: 1,1',1''-nitrilopropan-2-ol ; 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropan-2-ol / triisopropanolamine; 1-(bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino)propan-2-ol; 1-[bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]propan-2-ol; 2-Propanol, 1,1,1-nitrilotris-; Triisopropanolamine (mixture of isomer). Trade names 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri- (6CI, 8CI); 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris- (9CI); NTP; Tri-iso-propanolamine; TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE 99; TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE LFG 85; TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE, LFG 85; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) [ACD/IUPAC Name] 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) [German] 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) [French] 1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris-2-propanol 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris- [ACD/Index Name] Triisopropanolamine UNII:W9EN9DLM98 [122-20-3] 1,1', 1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol 1,1',1"-Nitrilotri-2-propanol 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris (2-propanol) 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol) 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(propan-2-ol) 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris[2-propanol] 1,1′,1′′-Nitrilotri(-2-propanol) 1-[bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]propan-2-ol 122-20-3 [RN] 204-528-4 [EINECS] 2-Propanol, 1,1', 1''-nitrilotris- 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri- 3,3',3"-Nitrilotri (2-propanol) 3,3',3"-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) 3,3',3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) 4-04-00-01680 [Beilstein] 58901-12-5 [RN] 67952-34-5 [RN] propan-2-ol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris- TIPA Tri-2-propanolamine Tri-iso-propanolamine TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE, 95% Tris(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE Tris(2-propanol)amine Tris(isopropanol)amine Trisisopropanolamine

DESCRIPTION:
Triisopropanolamine is an amine used for a variety of industrial applications including as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate.
Triisopropanolamine is also used to neutralize acidic components of some herbicides.

CAS Number: 122-20-3
European Community (EC) Number: 204-528-4
Molecular Formula: C9H21NO3
Preferred IUPAC name: 1,1′,1′′-Nitrilotri(propan-2-ol)

Triisopropanolamine (TIPOA) is an aminoalcohol and belongs to the group of alkanolamines.
Triisopropanolamine is a versatile chemical that is used in a variety of applications.

Triisopropanolamine (TIPA), a tertiary alkanolamine, is majorly used as a grinding chemical that reduces agglomeration in the ball milling process and changes the particle distribution of the finished cement.


Triisopropanolamine, a surfactant, possesses the remarkable capability to lower the surface tension of water, resulting in the formation of micelles.
These micelles, small spherical structures, consist of molecules exhibiting mutual attraction.

Through this formation, micelles readily engage with proteins and other molecules, enabling their dispersion within a solution.
Moreover, Triisopropanolamine can establish hydrogen bonds with proteins, influencing their structure and function in a significant manner.



APPLICATIONS OF TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE:
Triisopropanolamine can act as an interfacial transition zone (ITZ) to improve the mechanical properties of the mortar and the concrete.
Triisopropanolamine can also be used to increase the compressive strength of the cement-fly ash system by accelerating the hydration of both the compounds.


Coatings:
Triisopropanolamine (TIPOA) serves as a dispersing agent for paints and pigments such as titanium dioxide.
Additionally, Triisopropanolamine finds application as a neutralizing agent in water-borne coatings.
Triisopropanolamine also acts as a cross-linker in special niche water-based coatings.

Construction:
Triisopropanolamine is used as a grinding and dispersion aid in cement production, especially for high-quality types of cement.

Other:
Triisopropanolamine is used in the production of cutting oils and PU catalysts.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE:
Chemical formula, C9H21NO3
Molar mass, 191.271 g•mol−1
Appearance, White to off-white solid
Melting point, 48–52 °C (118–126 °F; 321–325 K)
Boiling point, 305 °C (581 °F; 578 K)
Molecular Weight
191.27 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
-0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
6
Exact Mass
191.15214353 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
191.15214353 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
63.9Ų
Heavy Atom Count
13
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
108
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
3
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Grade
Technical
Form
Liquid
Appearance
solid
Auto Ignition Temperature
285 °C (545 °F)
Boiling Point
301 °C (574 °F)
California Prop 65
This product does not contain any chemicals known to State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or any other reproductive harm.
Color
white
Density
1 g/cm3 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Dynamic Viscosity
100 mPa.s @ 60 °C (140 °F)
Flash Point
174 °C (345 °F)
Melting Point
45 °C (113 °F)
Odor
slight, ammoniacal
Partition Coefficient
Pow: -0.015
Relative Density
0.988 @ 70 °C (158 °F) Reference Material: (water = 1)
Relative Vapor Density
6.6
Vapor Pressure
0.0007 mmHg @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Physical State :
Solid
Solubility :
Soluble in water (>1000 mg/ml at 25° C), ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform (slightly ), and methanol (>500 g/100g).
Storage :
Store at room temperature
Melting Point :
48-52° C (lit.)
Boiling Point :
190° C (lit.) at 23
Density :
1.0 g/cm3 at 20° C
Refractive Index :
n20D 1.50 (Predicted)
pK Values :
pKb: 8.51 (Predicted)



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product






SYNONYMS OF TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE:
TiPlA
triisopropanolamine
triisopropanolamine citrate
triisopropanolamine hydrochloride
tris(2-hydroxypropyl)amine
Triisopropanolamine
122-20-3
1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol
Tri-2-propanolamine
TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE
Tri-iso-propanolamine
Tris(2-propanol)amine
1-[bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]propan-2-ol
Tris(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine
2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris-
2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri-
1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(propan-2-ol)
NSC 4010
1,1',1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol
3,3',3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol)
1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol)
W9EN9DLM98
DTXSID5021415
NSC-4010
1,1',1''-nitrilotris-2-propanol
DTXCID201415
Caswell No. 891
1,1',1''-Nitrilotris[2-propanol]
CAS-122-20-3
CCRIS 4884
HSDB 5593
EINECS 204-528-4
UNII-W9EN9DLM98
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 004209
BRN 1071570
AI3-01450
Triisopropanolamin
trisisopropanolamine
MFCD00004533
tris(isopropanol)amine
UNICHEM TIPA
Triisopropanolamine, 95%
EC 204-528-4
tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine
SCHEMBL28985
4-04-00-01680 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
1,1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol
CHEMBL1877948
3,3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol)
NSC4010
TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE [INCI]
1,1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol)
CHEBI:170017
2-Propanol,1',1''-nitrilotri-
2-Propanol,1',1''-nitrilotris-
Tox21_201952
Tox21_302748
AKOS015965047
1,1',1''-Nitrilotri(-2-propanol)
CS-W010723
NCGC00164112-01
NCGC00164112-02
NCGC00256448-01
NCGC00259501-01
LS-13727
TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE [HSDB]
WLN: QY1 & 1N1YQ1 & 1YQ1
FT-0695343
D70439
EN300-8108474
J-660022
Q1729503

Trimellitic Acid Cyclic 1,2-anhydride; Anhydro trimellitic acid; 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid cyclic 1,2-anhydride; 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic anhydride; 4-carboxyphthalic anhydride; 1,3-dioxo-5-phthalancarboxylic acid; 5-phthalancarboxylic acid, 1,3-dioxo-TMAN; Trimellitic acid 1,2-anhydride; TMA; TMAN; Benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic-1,2-anhydride; Benzol-1,2,4-tricarbonsäure-1,2-anhydrid; 1,2-anhidrido del ácido benceno-1,2,4-tricarboxílico; 1,2-Anhydride de l'acide benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylique CAS NO:552-30-7

Trilon AS Trilon AS (NTA) - chelating agents which basic purpose is water demineralizing and removal of the deposits containing Ca2 salts + and Mg2+. According to requirements of the standard tests OECD, Trilon AS possesses high ability to biodegradation. The BASF company is the world's largest producer of nitrilotriuksusny acid and its salts. Thanks to own production technology, the BASF company has opportunity to offer the customers product with the high content of active component, the low maintenance of by-products and almost free of chlorides and other undesirable ions. We not only offer customers product of high degree of purity, but also we guarantee reliability of its deliveries. NTA shows the best ratio price/quality among chelating agents on the basis of aminocarboxylats, as has caused its wide popularity in the market. Nitrilotriuksusny acid (NTA) is generally used in production of detergents - for water demineralizing and prevention of formation of deposits on different types of surfaces and on fabric. Products of the Trilon AS series, and especially easily loose powder Trilon AS 92 R, are ideal components of system of kompleksoobrazovatel in soap powders. Products of the Trilon AS series are good replacement of the phosphates which are part of means for washing. The demand of besfosfatny detergents and in North America constantly grows in Europe. Practice shows that such chelating aminocarboxyarmour as Trilon AS, are more effective, than citrates, in means for industrial dishwashers, thanks to their higher stability and ability very effectively to delete limy raid and strong pollution. Trilon AS T is an aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (Na3MGDA). It finds application in detergents, cleaning, textiles, soap, metal plating, oil and gas, and water-softening products. Trilon AS is readily biodegradable. Trilon AS, methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA-Na3) or trisodium α-DL-alanine diacetate (α-ADA), is the trisodium anion of N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid and a tetradentate complexing agent. It forms stable 1:1 chelate complexes with cations having a charge number of at least +2, e.g. the "hard water forming" cations Ca2+ or Mg2+. α-ADA is distinguished from the isomeric β-alaninediacetic acid by better biodegradability and therefore improved environmental compatibility. Production of Trilon AS The patent literature on the industrial synthesis of Trilon AS describes the approaches for solving the key requirements of a manufacturing process that can be implemented on an industrial scale, characterized by Achieving the highest possible space-time yields Simple reaction control at relatively low pressures and temperatures Realization of continuous process options Achieving the lowest possible levels of impurities, particularly nitrilotriacetic acid, which is suspected of being carcinogenic Use of inexpensive raw materials, e.g. instead of pure L-alanine the raw mixture of Strecker synthesis from methanal, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia Avoidance of complex and yield-reducing isolation steps; instead, direct further use of the crude reaction solutions or precipitates in the following process step. An obvious synthesis route to α-alaninediacetic acid is from racemic α-DL-alanine, which provides racemic α-ADA by double cyanomethylation with methanal and hydrogen cyanide, hydrolysis of the intermediately formed diacetonitrile to the trisodium salt and subsequent acidification with mineral acids in a 97.4% overall yield.[4] In a later patent specification, however, only an overall yield of 77% and an NTA content of 0.1% is achieved with practically the same quantities of substances and under practically identical reaction conditions. MGDA Alanin This later patent specification also indicates a process route via alaninonitrile, which is obtained by Strecker synthesis from hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and methanal and converted to methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile by double cyanomethylation (step 1). The three nitrile groups are then hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to α-ADA (step 2). The total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. MGDA Alaninonitril One variant of the reaction involves iminodiacetonitrile or iminodiacetic acid (step 1'), which reacts in a weakly acidic medium (pH 6) with hydrogen cyanide and ethanal to form methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetic acid, the nitrile group of which is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to Trilon AS (step 2'). The reactant iminodiacetic acid is accessible at low cost by dehydrogenation of diethanolamine. Again, the total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. A further variant is suitable for continuous production, in which ammonia, methanal and hydrogen cyanide react at pH 6 to form iminodiacetonitrile, which in a strongly acidic medium (pH 1.5) reacts with ethanal to produce trinitrile methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile in a very good yield of 92%. (step 1). MGDA Iminodiacetonitril Alkaline hydrolysis (step 2) results in a total yield of 85% Trilon AS with an NTA content of 0.08%. This process variant seems to fulfil the above-mentioned criteria best. A low by-product synthesis route for Trilon AS has recently been described, in which alanine is ethoxylated with ethylene oxide in an autoclave to form bis-hydroxyethylaminoalanine and then oxidized to α-ADA at 190 °C with Raney copper under pressure.[6] MGDA Ethoxylierung The yields are over 90% d.Th., the NTA contents below 1%. The process conditions make this variant rather less attractive. Properties of Trilon AS The commercially available Trilon AS (84% by weight) is a colourless, water-soluble solid whose aqueous solutions are rapidly and completely degraded even by non-adapted bacteria. Aquatic toxicity to fish, daphnia and algae is low.[7] Trilon AS is described as readily biodegradable (OECD 301C) and is eliminated to >90 % in wastewater treatment plants.[8] Trilon AS has not yet been detected in the discharge of municipal and industrial sewage treatment plants. In addition to their very good biodegradability, Trilon AS solutions are characterized by high chemical stability even at temperatures above 200 °C (under pressure) in a wide pH range between 2 and 14 as well as high complex stability compared to other complexing agents of the aminopolycarboxylate type. The complex formation constants of the biodegradable chelators α-ADA and IDS are in a range suitable for industrial use, but clearly below those of the previous standard EDTA. In solid preparations, Trilon AS is stable against oxidizing agents such as perborates and percarbonates, but not against oxidizing acids or sodium hypochlorite. Use of Trilon AS Like other complexing agents in the aminopolycarboxylic acid class, Trilon AS (α-ADA) finds due to its ability to form stable chelate complexes with polyvalent ions (in particular the water hardening agents Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well as transition and heavy metal ions such as Fe3+, Mn2+, Cu2+, etc.) use in water softening, in detergents and cleaning agents, in electroplating, cosmetics, paper and textile production. Due to its stability at high temperatures and pH values, α-ADA should be particularly suitable as a substitute for the phosphates banned in the EU from 2017, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)[12] in tabs for dishwashers. BASF SE is the most important manufacturer of α-ADA under the brand name Trilon AS, has large-scale plants in Ludwigshafen and Lima, Ohio, and is currently expanding its existing capacities with another large-scale plant at Evonik's site in Theodore, Alabama. Description of Trilon AS Trilon AS is a chelating agent that delivers a non-toxic, environmentally friendly alternative to phosphates and other strong chelates. Methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) is the active ingredient and exceeds alternative products, like citrates, at removing lime scale and tough stains. Efficiently dissolve inorganic deposits and scales that produce undesirable effects like striking and spotting in dish wash and hard surface applications or limit the performance of surfactants and other additives in cleaners and detergents. Trilon AS chelating agent improves cleaning performance in hard surface, automatic dishwasher and laundry operations. I&l customers can use lower concentrations, due to its low molecular weight, of this strong complexing agent in their cleaning formulations, making it more cost effective. This product is effective in both alkaline and acidic cleaners, and also demonstrates effective cleaning ability in a variety of applications, including general purpose cleaners, floor care products, warewashing detergents, disinfectants and sanitizers, laundry detergents, automatic dishwashers, vehicle wash aids, and hand cleansers. Trilon AS is extremely efficient in combating hard water and allowing for the best cleaning performance to shine through. In formulas with anionic surfactants, it is especially important to have an effective chelating agent like Trilon AS, particularly in hard water conditions. Other chelating agents just don’t perform as well, and without the addition of one at all, there is hardly any cleaning shown. The Trilon AS are very effective complexing agents for calcium in the alkaline pH range. This is an advantage in many detergent and cleaner applications. ➔ The Trilon AS are less likely to crystallise in the acidic pH range than other aminocarboxylic acids, and they are still capable of complexing iron ions effectively in the pH 2 – 3 range. Comparison with weak complexing agents: Weak complexing agents are incapable of reducing the concentration of free metal ions in aqueous systems to the same extent as the Trilon AS, and the result is that they are unable to prevent metal ions from playing a disruptive role in chemical processes. The Trilon AS are chemically very stable. The Trilon AS have been shown to be very stable compared to other organic complexing agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid and gluconates, especially at high temperatures. Whereas inorganic sequestring agents (eg. phosphates) may hydrolyse at high temperatures, Trilon AS are stable – even when heated to 200 °C under pressure. Trilon M Powder and Trilon M Granules begin to decompose at approx. 300 °C. The Trilon AS are resistant to strong acids and strong bases. They are gradually broken down by chromic acid, potassium permanganate and other strong oxidizing agents. Stability in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, percarbonate and perborate is sufficient for joint application. Nevertheless, we do not recommend combining Trilon AS and peroxides in liquid formulations. Sodium hypochlorite and other substances that release chlorine cause the Trilon AS to decompose. Alkaline earth and heavy metal complexes are broken down. ➔ Formulations that contain complexing agents have to remain chemically unchanged in storage and during transport in order to be able to unfold their full action. Many readily biodegradable complexing agents such as iminodisuccinates (IDS) and citrates are not sufficiently stable. The Trilon AS have excellent chemical stability under a wide range of conditions, and this ensures that formulations that contain Trilon AS remain effective over long periods. pH stability The Trilon AS are resistant to being broken down across the whole pH 2 – 14 range, even at elevated temperatures. For instance, formulations that contain Trilon AS and high concentrations of sodium hydroxide remain stable and do not precipitate. Other readily biodegradable complexing agents such as iminodisuccinate precipitate in alkaline media, and these weak complexing agents are then no longer able to keep metal ions in solution. The miscibility and stability of the Trilon AS are excellent, even in highly acidic solutions. Many complexing agents cannot be employed in acidic formulations because they precipitate in the form of their sparingly soluble free acids. The Trilon AS have the advantage that they remain soluble and chemically stable, even in the acidic pH range. ➔ The Trilon AS boost the performance of highly alkaline formulations. ➔ The Trilon AS can also be employed in acidic formulations. ➔ The Trilon AS do not decompose even at an extreme pH. Corrosion The Trilon AS stabilize polyvalent metal ions, which means that they can increase the rate at which metals dissolve. Nevertheless, with the exception of aluminium, an oxidizing agent such as air always has to be present for corrosion to take place. Unalloyed steel is prone to corrosion in media that contain air, but corrosion can be reduced substantially if the pH is in the alkaline range and can be eliminated almost completely if oxygen and other oxidizing agents are excluded. Steel cleaned with the Trilon AS in the slightly alkaline range, which is the optimum pH range for the Trilon AS, is much less prone to corrosion than if it is cleaned with acids. The only type of corrosion that has been observed with the Trilon AS is uniform corrosion: pitting or stress cracking have not been observed in media with a low chloride content. One of the advantages of the Trilon AS is that they can be supplied with a very low chloride content (< 20 mg/kg). The following information on materials is of a very general nature, because corrosion depends on many different factors such as exposure to air, galvanic corrosion caused by the presence of different metals and by the flow patterns of liquids. The compatibility of Trilon AS with different materials needs to be tested in each individual case. Austenitic stainless steels such as AISI/SAE 304, 316 Ti and 321 are very effective for vessels used to store and transport Trilon AS. The corrosion resistance of ferritic carbon steel such as ASTM A201 Grade B (European Material No. P265GH) is limited. A rate of corrosion of 0.01 mm/a has been measured at 50 °C and air exclusion. Crevice corrosion has also occasionally been observed on welded joints, and so we would not recommend storing the Trilon AS in vessels made from unalloyed carbon steel for any prolonged length of time. The rate of corrosion can be reduced by removing the air from the system. Aluminium and aluminium alloys such as AL 7075 T6 (European Material No. 3.4365) are not resistant to Trilon AS, because Trilon AS is alkaline and aluminium is quickly corroded by strong bases. Solutions that contain Trilon AS are much less corrosive to aluminium if their pH is adjusted to 5 – 7. The following points need to be taken into account when comparing the performance of the Trilon AS with weaker complexing agents. ➔ The quantity of complexing agent that is required to sequester a given concentration of calcium ions depends on the strength of the complexing agent. The Trilon AS have a more effective complexing action, and much smaller quantities are required to obtain the same effect as with IDS. ➔ The quantities of complexing agents that need to be applied also depend on their active content. The Trilon AS have a higher active content than many competitors’ products because they contain fewer by-products. Inhibiting calcium carbonate Phosphonates and water-soluble polymers are often used to prevent scale calcium carbonate from precipitating and forming scale. These substances act by temporarily delaying the onset of crystallisation. Chelating agents such as the Trilon AS act differently, because they prevent salts from precipitating and forming scale by sequestering the calcium ions. Scale can form if phosphonates or water-soluble polymers are used, depending on the concentrations of calcium ions and polymer or phosphonates, because the calcium ions do not form permanent bonds. ➔ The Trilon AS can be used to boost the action of polyacrylates and phosphonates in inhibiting scale formation. They can enhance the overall performance of scale inhibitor formulations. There is a need for phosphonates to be replaced in many applications because of issues concerning the effects of phosphorus compounds on aquatic life and water quality. Aminocarboxylates often perform better at a high pH, but phosphonates perform better at a low pH because they are more soluble than many aminocarboxylates. The solubility of the Trilon AS at a low pH is very good and they are quite capable of competing with phosphonates. The Trilon AS are an effective alternative to EDTA for removing calcium phosphate scale. The high performance of EDTA remains unsurpassed, but the performance of the Trilon AS is by far the best of all of the readily biodegradable complexing agents. Weak complexing agents such as iminodisuccinate (IDS), ethylenediaminedisuccinate (EDDS), hydroxyethyliminodiacetate (HEIDA) and citrate are completely ineffective for dissolving stubborn calcium phosphate scale. ➔ The Trilon AS are the best choice when it comes to finding a readily biodegradable complexing agent for dissolving calcium phosphate scale. Organic scale Calcium stearate and calcium oleate (lime soaps) Fatty acids and soaps also react with calcium ions to form sparingly soluble deposits in the kitchen, in the bathroom and on textiles. Lime, magnesium and heavy metals can form soaps that precipitate and give rise to spots and stains, dull surfaces, a rancid odour and poor wettability. They can also cause uneven dyeing, turbidity and changes in colour and cause rubber to perish. The Trilon AS are very effective for dissolving the scale formed by lime soaps and preventing scale from building up, and they are much more effective than weak complexing agents such as IDS or HEIDA. The Trilon AS can be used to stabilise bleach. They prevent hydrogen peroxide decomposing too quickly by sequestering iron, manganese and copper ions. The Trilon AS are an effective alternative to established bleach stabilisers such as EDTA, but the performance of EDTA is still unsurpassed. If local restrictions prevent EDTA from being used, the Trilon AS and Trilon P Liquid supplied by BASF are effective alternatives for stabilising bleach. Trilon AS is an inherently bioeliminable complexing agent that can also be used in combination with the Trilon AS to sequester iron, manganese and copper ions. We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using the Trilon AS for the purpose for which they are intended and from processing them in accordance with current practice. According to the experience we have gained over many years and other information at our disposal, the Trilon AS do not exert any harmful effects on health, provided that they are used properly, due attention is given to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the information and advice given in our Safety Data Sheets are observed. Storage Trilon AS should not be stored at temperatures below 0 °C, because this can cause them to precipitate. It can be reconstituted by heating it briefly to 40 – 50 °C and stirring. Trilon M Powder is hygroscopic, and so it should be kept in tightly sealed containers. The Trilon AS have a shelf life of one year in their tightly sealed original packaging. We would recommend storing Trilon AS in tanks made from AISI 316 Ti or AISI 321 stainless steel. Ecology and toxicology The Trilon AS have an excellent ecological and toxicological profile and there are no restrictions on their use in many applications. The active ingredient contained in the Trilon AS, MGDA, is classified as being readily biodegradable according to the OECD criteria. In these tests, the test substance is broken down by bacteria under standardised conditions. ➔ The Trilon AS are classified as being readily biodegradable. The products supplied by BASF conform to ecological and toxicological stringent standards in order to protect the environment. BASF has submitted the Trilon AS to a thorough programme of tests and possesses a very extensive collection of data on the Trilon AS. Trilon AS T is an aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (Na3MGDA). It finds application in detergents, cleaning, textiles, soap, metal plating, oil and gas, and water-softening products. Trilon AS is readily biodegradable. Trilon AS, methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA-Na3) or trisodium α-DL-alanine diacetate (α-ADA), is the trisodium anion of N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid and a tetradentate complexing agent. It forms stable 1:1 chelate complexes with cations having a charge number of at least +2, e.g. the "hard water forming" cations Ca2+ or Mg2+. α-ADA is distinguished from the isomeric β-alaninediacetic acid by better biodegradability and therefore improved environmental compatibility. Production of Trilon AS The patent literature on the industrial synthesis of Trilon AS describes the approaches for solving the key requirements of a manufacturing process that can be implemented on an industrial scale, characterized by Achieving the highest possible space-time yields Simple reaction control at relatively low pressures and temperatures Realization of continuous process options Achieving the lowest possible levels of impurities, particularly nitrilotriacetic acid, which is suspected of being carcinogenic Use of inexpensive raw materials, e.g. instead of pure L-alanine the raw mixture of Strecker synthesis from methanal, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia Avoidance of complex and yield-reducing isolation steps; instead, direct further use of the crude reaction solutions or precipitates in the following process step. An obvious synthesis route to α-alaninediacetic acid is from racemic α-DL-alanine, which provides racemic α-ADA by double cyanomethylation with methanal and hydrogen cyanide, hydrolysis of the intermediately formed diacetonitrile to the trisodium salt and subsequent acidification with mineral acids in a 97.4% overall yield.[4] In a later patent specification, however, only an overall yield of 77% and an NTA content of 0.1% is achieved with practically the same quantities of substances and under practically identical reaction conditions. MGDA Alanin This later patent specification also indicates a process route via alaninonitrile, which is obtained by Strecker synthesis from hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and methanal and converted to methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile by double cyanomethylation (step 1). The three nitrile groups are then hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to α-ADA (step 2). The total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. MGDA Alaninonitril One variant of the reaction involves iminodiacetonitrile or iminodiacetic acid (step 1'), which reacts in a weakly acidic medium (pH 6) with hydrogen cyanide and ethanal to form methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetic acid, the nitrile group of which is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to Trilon AS (step 2'). The reactant iminodiacetic acid is accessible at low cost by dehydrogenation of diethanolamine. Again, the total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. A further variant is suitable for continuous production, in which ammonia, methanal and hydrogen cyanide react at pH 6 to form iminodiacetonitrile, which in a strongly acidic medium (pH 1.5) reacts with ethanal to produce trinitrile methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile in a very good yield of 92%. (step 1). MGDA Iminodiacetonitril Alkaline hydrolysis (step 2) results in a total yield of 85% Trilon AS with an NTA content of 0.08%. This process variant seems to fulfil the above-mentioned criteria best. A low by-product synthesis route for Trilon AS has recently been described, in which alanine is ethoxylated with ethylene oxide in an autoclave to form bis-hydroxyethylaminoalanine and then oxidized to α-ADA at 190 °C with Raney copper under pressure. BTC offers under the brand name Trilon AS a broad product range of high performance and innovative complexing agents, also known as chelating agents. Chelating agents are able to prevent the deleterious impact of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents. The chelating agents of the Trilon AS product range are used, besides others, to avoid the formation of poorly soluble precipitations, to prevent the undesirable decomposition of constituents of formulations, to prevent discolouration or rancidity. They bind and mask reliably the metal ions and guarantee smooth processing and efficient employment of water. The production of detergents and cleaners triggers a huge demand complexing agents which can be fulfilled with BTCs Trilon AS grades. Brands Trilon AS Properties of Trilon AS grades for the prevention of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents BTC’s Trilon AS chelating agents belong mainly to the class of amino carboxylates which are organic complexing agents. They are available in powder or in liquid form, or as granules; as pure acid version or salt version; in very high purity as high-quality grades for special applications Household and industrial cleaning formulations include chelating additives to soften hard water. Thus, the formation of lime scale, inorganic scale formation is prevented. Trilon AS grades form typically 1:1 complexes. The high stability of these compounds makes them ideal for many industrial processes. They show a very good solubilisation property of the formed complexes. Based on the used amino carboxylic acid the following organic chelating additives are available: Trilon AS B grades; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, or Na-salt (EDTA) Trilon AS M grades; methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA) Trilon AS Ultimate grades; modified MGDA Trilon AS P grade (modified anionic polyamine) The Trilon AS P grade is a non-amino polycarboxylate. It provides outstanding chelating properties especially for chelating iron molecules in alkaline areas. Trilon AS M grades represent the newest generation of complexing agents. Based on methylglycine diacetic acid the product provides a very good chelating performance in addition with a readily biodegradability property. The excellent ecological and toxicological profile of Trilon AS M has been verified in various repeated studies. The Trilon AS M grades offer versatile synergistic properties like enhanced stain removal property; substitute for sodium tripolyphosphate. The strongly limited use of phosphates as a builder in detergents, especially in home care automatic dish washing formulations, triggers the need of phosphate-free alternatives. Trilon AS M Max grades provide extra performance like colour stability. Trilon AS M Max based now on renewable resources. Trilon AS M Max BioBased and Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced. Thus sustainability of chelating agents are taken to the next level. Trilon AS M Max BioBased is produced from sugar-based Alanin, thus the content of bio-based carbon is measurable. Trilon AS M Max BioBased guarantees a bio-based Carbon Content of 43% with a total bio-based content of 32% (also considering other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen). Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced, the first renewables-based Trilon AS M grade produced according to the biomass balance approach. This approach replaces fossil feedstock with renewable feedstock such as bio-naphtha or biogas at the very beginning of production. The renewable feedstock is then allocated to Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced, using a TÜV Nord-certified method. This allows BASF to fully replace fossil feedstock by renewables, not only saving scarce fossil resources, but also reducing damaging greenhouse gas emissions. The Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced is 100 percent renewables-based, thus helping to protect the environment and the climate without compromising on the high quality BASF customers expect. Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced has now been awarded certification based on the global REDcert2 scheme. In 2019, BASF transferred certification of biomass balanced products to the new global REDcert2 scheme for the chemical industry. BASF has established a closed chain of custody for the biomass balance approach that extends from the renewable feedstock right through to the final product. Independent certification by TÜV Nord in compliance with the global REDcert2 scheme confirms to the customer that BASF has fully replaced the entire quantity of fossil feedstock required to make Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced with renewables right from the start of the production process. Trilon AS Ultimate grades are modified MGDA grades. They show besides others improved anti glass corrosiveness. Applications of Trilon AS grades for the prevention of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents BTC’s Trilon AS grades are used in applications like formulations for automatic dish washing, either liquid or solid; chelate based and phosphate-free builder systems; laundry formulations; formulations for floor and hard surface cleaners, toilet cleaners and car cleaners. Further applications for our Trilon AS grades include industrial and institutional cleaners for the food and beverage industry; cleaners for the dairy industry; ware washing and professional car, truck and bus cleaning formulations.

Trilon M Liquid Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) T is an aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (Na3MGDA). It finds application in detergents, cleaning, textiles, soap, metal plating, oil and gas, and water-softening products. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is readily biodegradable. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA-Na3) or trisodium α-DL-alanine diacetate (α-ADA), is the trisodium anion of N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid and a tetradentate complexing agent. It forms stable 1:1 chelate complexes with cations having a charge number of at least +2, e.g. the "hard water forming" cations Ca2+ or Mg2+. α-ADA is distinguished from the isomeric β-alaninediacetic acid by better biodegradability and therefore improved environmental compatibility. Production of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) The patent literature on the industrial synthesis of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) describes the approaches for solving the key requirements of a manufacturing process that can be implemented on an industrial scale, characterized by Achieving the highest possible space-time yields Simple reaction control at relatively low pressures and temperatures Realization of continuous process options Achieving the lowest possible levels of impurities, particularly nitrilotriacetic acid, which is suspected of being carcinogenic Use of inexpensive raw materials, e.g. instead of pure L-alanine the raw mixture of Strecker synthesis from methanal, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia Avoidance of complex and yield-reducing isolation steps; instead, direct further use of the crude reaction solutions or precipitates in the following process step. An obvious synthesis route to α-alaninediacetic acid is from racemic α-DL-alanine, which provides racemic α-ADA by double cyanomethylation with methanal and hydrogen cyanide, hydrolysis of the intermediately formed diacetonitrile to the trisodium salt and subsequent acidification with mineral acids in a 97.4% overall yield.[4] In a later patent specification, however, only an overall yield of 77% and an NTA content of 0.1% is achieved with practically the same quantities of substances and under practically identical reaction conditions. MGDA Alanin This later patent specification also indicates a process route via alaninonitrile, which is obtained by Strecker synthesis from hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and methanal and converted to methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile by double cyanomethylation (step 1). The three nitrile groups are then hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to α-ADA (step 2). The total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. MGDA Alaninonitril One variant of the reaction involves iminodiacetonitrile or iminodiacetic acid (step 1'), which reacts in a weakly acidic medium (pH 6) with hydrogen cyanide and ethanal to form methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetic acid, the nitrile group of which is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) (step 2'). The reactant iminodiacetic acid is accessible at low cost by dehydrogenation of diethanolamine. Again, the total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. A further variant is suitable for continuous production, in which ammonia, methanal and hydrogen cyanide react at pH 6 to form iminodiacetonitrile, which in a strongly acidic medium (pH 1.5) reacts with ethanal to produce trinitrile methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile in a very good yield of 92%. (step 1). MGDA Iminodiacetonitril Alkaline hydrolysis (step 2) results in a total yield of 85% Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) with an NTA content of 0.08%. This process variant seems to fulfil the above-mentioned criteria best. A low by-product synthesis route for Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) has recently been described, in which alanine is ethoxylated with ethylene oxide in an autoclave to form bis-hydroxyethylaminoalanine and then oxidized to α-ADA at 190 °C with Raney copper under pressure.[6] MGDA Ethoxylierung The yields are over 90% d.Th., the NTA contents below 1%. The process conditions make this variant rather less attractive. Properties of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) The commercially available Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) (84% by weight) is a colourless, water-soluble solid whose aqueous solutions are rapidly and completely degraded even by non-adapted bacteria. Aquatic toxicity to fish, daphnia and algae is low.[7] Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is described as readily biodegradable (OECD 301C) and is eliminated to >90 % in wastewater treatment plants.[8] Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) has not yet been detected in the discharge of municipal and industrial sewage treatment plants. In addition to their very good biodegradability, Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) solutions are characterized by high chemical stability even at temperatures above 200 °C (under pressure) in a wide pH range between 2 and 14 as well as high complex stability compared to other complexing agents of the aminopolycarboxylate type. The complex formation constants of the biodegradable chelators α-ADA and IDS are in a range suitable for industrial use, but clearly below those of the previous standard EDTA. In solid preparations, Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is stable against oxidizing agents such as perborates and percarbonates, but not against oxidizing acids or sodium hypochlorite. Use of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Like other complexing agents in the aminopolycarboxylic acid class, Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) (α-ADA) finds due to its ability to form stable chelate complexes with polyvalent ions (in particular the water hardening agents Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well as transition and heavy metal ions such as Fe3+, Mn2+, Cu2+, etc.) use in water softening, in detergents and cleaning agents, in electroplating, cosmetics, paper and textile production. Due to its stability at high temperatures and pH values, α-ADA should be particularly suitable as a substitute for the phosphates banned in the EU from 2017, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)[12] in tabs for dishwashers. BASF SE is the most important manufacturer of α-ADA under the brand name Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), has large-scale plants in Ludwigshafen and Lima, Ohio, and is currently expanding its existing capacities with another large-scale plant at Evonik's site in Theodore, Alabama. Description of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is a chelating agent that delivers a non-toxic, environmentally friendly alternative to phosphates and other strong chelates. Methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) is the active ingredient and exceeds alternative products, like citrates, at removing lime scale and tough stains. Efficiently dissolve inorganic deposits and scales that produce undesirable effects like striking and spotting in dish wash and hard surface applications or limit the performance of surfactants and other additives in cleaners and detergents. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) chelating agent improves cleaning performance in hard surface, automatic dishwasher and laundry operations. I&l customers can use lower concentrations, due to its low molecular weight, of this strong complexing agent in their cleaning formulations, making it more cost effective. This product is effective in both alkaline and acidic cleaners, and also demonstrates effective cleaning ability in a variety of applications, including general purpose cleaners, floor care products, warewashing detergents, disinfectants and sanitizers, laundry detergents, automatic dishwashers, vehicle wash aids, and hand cleansers. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is extremely efficient in combating hard water and allowing for the best cleaning performance to shine through. In formulas with anionic surfactants, it is especially important to have an effective chelating agent like Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), particularly in hard water conditions. Other chelating agents just don’t perform as well, and without the addition of one at all, there is hardly any cleaning shown. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are very effective complexing agents for calcium in the alkaline pH range. This is an advantage in many detergent and cleaner applications. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are less likely to crystallise in the acidic pH range than other aminocarboxylic acids, and they are still capable of complexing iron ions effectively in the pH 2 – 3 range. Comparison with weak complexing agents: Weak complexing agents are incapable of reducing the concentration of free metal ions in aqueous systems to the same extent as the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), and the result is that they are unable to prevent metal ions from playing a disruptive role in chemical processes. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are chemically very stable. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have been shown to be very stable compared to other organic complexing agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid and gluconates, especially at high temperatures. Whereas inorganic sequestring agents (eg. phosphates) may hydrolyse at high temperatures, Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are stable – even when heated to 200 °C under pressure. Trilon M Powder and Trilon M Granules begin to decompose at approx. 300 °C. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are resistant to strong acids and strong bases. They are gradually broken down by chromic acid, potassium permanganate and other strong oxidizing agents. Stability in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, percarbonate and perborate is sufficient for joint application. Nevertheless, we do not recommend combining Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) and peroxides in liquid formulations. Sodium hypochlorite and other substances that release chlorine cause the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) to decompose. Alkaline earth and heavy metal complexes are broken down. ➔ Formulations that contain complexing agents have to remain chemically unchanged in storage and during transport in order to be able to unfold their full action. Many readily biodegradable complexing agents such as iminodisuccinates (IDS) and citrates are not sufficiently stable. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have excellent chemical stability under a wide range of conditions, and this ensures that formulations that contain Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) remain effective over long periods. pH stability The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are resistant to being broken down across the whole pH 2 – 14 range, even at elevated temperatures. For instance, formulations that contain Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) and high concentrations of sodium hydroxide remain stable and do not precipitate. Other readily biodegradable complexing agents such as iminodisuccinate precipitate in alkaline media, and these weak complexing agents are then no longer able to keep metal ions in solution. The miscibility and stability of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are excellent, even in highly acidic solutions. Many complexing agents cannot be employed in acidic formulations because they precipitate in the form of their sparingly soluble free acids. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have the advantage that they remain soluble and chemically stable, even in the acidic pH range. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) boost the performance of highly alkaline formulations. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) can also be employed in acidic formulations. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) do not decompose even at an extreme pH. Corrosion The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) stabilize polyvalent metal ions, which means that they can increase the rate at which metals dissolve. Nevertheless, with the exception of aluminium, an oxidizing agent such as air always has to be present for corrosion to take place. Unalloyed steel is prone to corrosion in media that contain air, but corrosion can be reduced substantially if the pH is in the alkaline range and can be eliminated almost completely if oxygen and other oxidizing agents are excluded. Steel cleaned with the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) in the slightly alkaline range, which is the optimum pH range for the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), is much less prone to corrosion than if it is cleaned with acids. The only type of corrosion that has been observed with the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is uniform corrosion: pitting or stress cracking have not been observed in media with a low chloride content. One of the advantages of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is that they can be supplied with a very low chloride content (< 20 mg/kg). The following information on materials is of a very general nature, because corrosion depends on many different factors such as exposure to air, galvanic corrosion caused by the presence of different metals and by the flow patterns of liquids. The compatibility of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) with different materials needs to be tested in each individual case. Austenitic stainless steels such as AISI/SAE 304, 316 Ti and 321 are very effective for vessels used to store and transport Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID). The corrosion resistance of ferritic carbon steel such as ASTM A201 Grade B (European Material No. P265GH) is limited. A rate of corrosion of 0.01 mm/a has been measured at 50 °C and air exclusion. Crevice corrosion has also occasionally been observed on welded joints, and so we would not recommend storing the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) in vessels made from unalloyed carbon steel for any prolonged length of time. The rate of corrosion can be reduced by removing the air from the system. Aluminium and aluminium alloys such as AL 7075 T6 (European Material No. 3.4365) are not resistant to Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), because Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is alkaline and aluminium is quickly corroded by strong bases. Solutions that contain Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are much less corrosive to aluminium if their pH is adjusted to 5 – 7. The following points need to be taken into account when comparing the performance of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) with weaker complexing agents. ➔ The quantity of complexing agent that is required to sequester a given concentration of calcium ions depends on the strength of the complexing agent. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have a more effective complexing action, and much smaller quantities are required to obtain the same effect as with IDS. ➔ The quantities of complexing agents that need to be applied also depend on their active content. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have a higher active content than many competitors’ products because they contain fewer by-products. Inhibiting calcium carbonate Phosphonates and water-soluble polymers are often used to prevent scale calcium carbonate from precipitating and forming scale. These substances act by temporarily delaying the onset of crystallisation. Chelating agents such as the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) act differently, because they prevent salts from precipitating and forming scale by sequestering the calcium ions. Scale can form if phosphonates or water-soluble polymers are used, depending on the concentrations of calcium ions and polymer or phosphonates, because the calcium ions do not form permanent bonds. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) can be used to boost the action of polyacrylates and phosphonates in inhibiting scale formation. They can enhance the overall performance of scale inhibitor formulations. There is a need for phosphonates to be replaced in many applications because of issues concerning the effects of phosphorus compounds on aquatic life and water quality. Aminocarboxylates often perform better at a high pH, but phosphonates perform better at a low pH because they are more soluble than many aminocarboxylates. The solubility of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) at a low pH is very good and they are quite capable of competing with phosphonates. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are an effective alternative to EDTA for removing calcium phosphate scale. The high performance of EDTA remains unsurpassed, but the performance of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is by far the best of all of the readily biodegradable complexing agents. Weak complexing agents such as iminodisuccinate (IDS), ethylenediaminedisuccinate (EDDS), hydroxyethyliminodiacetate (HEIDA) and citrate are completely ineffective for dissolving stubborn calcium phosphate scale. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are the best choice when it comes to finding a readily biodegradable complexing agent for dissolving calcium phosphate scale. Organic scale Calcium stearate and calcium oleate (lime soaps) Fatty acids and soaps also react with calcium ions to form sparingly soluble deposits in the kitchen, in the bathroom and on textiles. Lime, magnesium and heavy metals can form soaps that precipitate and give rise to spots and stains, dull surfaces, a rancid odour and poor wettability. They can also cause uneven dyeing, turbidity and changes in colour and cause rubber to perish. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are very effective for dissolving the scale formed by lime soaps and preventing scale from building up, and they are much more effective than weak complexing agents such as IDS or HEIDA. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) can be used to stabilise bleach. They prevent hydrogen peroxide decomposing too quickly by sequestering iron, manganese and copper ions. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are an effective alternative to established bleach stabilisers such as EDTA, but the performance of EDTA is still unsurpassed. If local restrictions prevent EDTA from being used, the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) and Trilon P Liquid supplied by BASF are effective alternatives for stabilising bleach. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is an inherently bioeliminable complexing agent that can also be used in combination with the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) to sequester iron, manganese and copper ions. We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) for the purpose for which they are intended and from processing them in accordance with current practice. According to the experience we have gained over many years and other information at our disposal, the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) do not exert any harmful effects on health, provided that they are used properly, due attention is given to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the information and advice given in our Safety Data Sheets are observed. Storage Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) should not be stored at temperatures below 0 °C, because this can cause them to precipitate. It can be reconstituted by heating it briefly to 40 – 50 °C and stirring. Trilon M Powder is hygroscopic, and so it should be kept in tightly sealed containers. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have a shelf life of one year in their tightly sealed original packaging. We would recommend storing Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) in tanks made from AISI 316 Ti or AISI 321 stainless steel. Ecology and toxicology The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have an excellent ecological and toxicological profile and there are no restrictions on their use in many applications. The active ingredient contained in the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), MGDA, is classified as being readily biodegradable according to the OECD criteria. In these tests, the test substance is broken down by bacteria under standardised conditions. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are classified as being readily biodegradable. The products supplied by BASF conform to ecological and toxicological stringent standards in order to protect the environment. BASF has submitted the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) to a thorough programme of tests and possesses a very extensive collection of data on the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID). Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) T is an aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (Na3MGDA). It finds application in detergents, cleaning, textiles, soap, metal plating, oil and gas, and water-softening products. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is readily biodegradable. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA-Na3) or trisodium α-DL-alanine diacetate (α-ADA), is the trisodium anion of N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid and a tetradentate complexing agent. It forms stable 1:1 chelate complexes with cations having a charge number of at least +2, e.g. the "hard water forming" cations Ca2+ or Mg2+. α-ADA is distinguished from the isomeric β-alaninediacetic acid by better biodegradability and therefore improved environmental compatibility. Production of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) The patent literature on the industrial synthesis of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) describes the approaches for solving the key requirements of a manufacturing process that can be implemented on an industrial scale, characterized by Achieving the highest possible space-time yields Simple reaction control at relatively low pressures and temperatures Realization of continuous process options Achieving the lowest possible levels of impurities, particularly nitrilotriacetic acid, which is suspected of being carcinogenic Use of inexpensive raw materials, e.g. instead of pure L-alanine the raw mixture of Strecker synthesis from methanal, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia Avoidance of complex and yield-reducing isolation steps; instead, direct further use of the crude reaction solutions or precipitates in the following process step. An obvious synthesis route to α-alaninediacetic acid is from racemic α-DL-alanine, which provides racemic α-ADA by double cyanomethylation with methanal and hydrogen cyanide, hydrolysis of the intermediately formed diacetonitrile to the trisodium salt and subsequent acidification with mineral acids in a 97.4% overall yield.[4] In a later patent specification, however, only an overall yield of 77% and an NTA content of 0.1% is achieved with practically the same quantities of substances and under practically identical reaction conditions. MGDA Alanin This later patent specification also indicates a process route via alaninonitrile, which is obtained by Strecker synthesis from hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and methanal and converted to methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile by double cyanomethylation (step 1). The three nitrile groups are then hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to α-ADA (step 2). The total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. MGDA Alaninonitril One variant of the reaction involves iminodiacetonitrile or iminodiacetic acid (step 1'), which reacts in a weakly acidic medium (pH 6) with hydrogen cyanide and ethanal to form methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetic acid, the nitrile group of which is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) (step 2'). The reactant iminodiacetic acid is accessible at low cost by dehydrogenation of diethanolamine. Again, the total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. A further variant is suitable for continuous production, in which ammonia, methanal and hydrogen cyanide react at pH 6 to form iminodiacetonitrile, which in a strongly acidic medium (pH 1.5) reacts with ethanal to produce trinitrile methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile in a very good yield of 92%. (step 1). MGDA Iminodiacetonitril Alkaline hydrolysis (step 2) results in a total yield of 85% Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) with an NTA content of 0.08%. This process variant seems to fulfil the above-mentioned criteria best. A low by-product synthesis route for Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) has recently been described, in which alanine is ethoxylated with ethylene oxide in an autoclave to form bis-hydroxyethylaminoalanine and then oxidized to α-ADA at 190 °C with Raney copper under pressure. BTC offers under the brand name Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) a broad product range of high performance and innovative complexing agents, also known as chelating agents. Chelating agents are able to prevent the deleterious impact of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents. The chelating agents of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) product range are used, besides others, to avoid the formation of poorly soluble precipitations, to prevent the undesirable decomposition of constituents of formulations, to prevent discolouration or rancidity. They bind and mask reliably the metal ions and guarantee smooth processing and efficient employment of water. The production of detergents and cleaners triggers a huge demand complexing agents which can be fulfilled with BTCs Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades. Brands Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Properties of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades for the prevention of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents BTC’s Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) chelating agents belong mainly to the class of amino carboxylates which are organic complexing agents. They are available in powder or in liquid form, or as granules; as pure acid version or salt version; in very high purity as high-quality grades for special applications Household and industrial cleaning formulations include chelating additives to soften hard water. Thus, the formation of lime scale, inorganic scale formation is prevented. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades form typically 1:1 complexes. The high stability of these compounds makes them ideal for many industrial processes. They show a very good solubilisation property of the formed complexes. Based on the used amino carboxylic acid the following organic chelating additives are available: Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) B grades; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, or Na-salt (EDTA) Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M grades; methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA) Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Ultimate grades; modified MGDA Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) P grade (modified anionic polyamine) The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) P grade is a non-amino polycarboxylate. It provides outstanding chelating properties especially for chelating iron molecules in alkaline areas. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M grades represent the newest generation of complexing agents. Based on methylglycine diacetic acid the product provides a very good chelating performance in addition with a readily biodegradability property. The excellent ecological and toxicological profile of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M has been verified in various repeated studies. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M grades offer versatile synergistic properties like enhanced stain removal property; substitute for sodium tripolyphosphate. The strongly limited use of phosphates as a builder in detergents, especially in home care automatic dish washing formulations, triggers the need of phosphate-free alternatives. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max grades provide extra performance like colour stability. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max based now on renewable resources. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max BioBased and Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced. Thus sustainability of chelating agents are taken to the next level. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max BioBased is produced from sugar-based Alanin, thus the content of bio-based carbon is measurable. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max BioBased guarantees a bio-based Carbon Content of 43% with a total bio-based content of 32% (also considering other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen). Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced, the first renewables-based Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M grade produced according to the biomass balance approach. This approach replaces fossil feedstock with renewable feedstock such as bio-naphtha or biogas at the very beginning of production. The renewable feedstock is then allocated to Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced, using a TÜV Nord-certified method. This allows BASF to fully replace fossil feedstock by renewables, not only saving scarce fossil resources, but also reducing damaging greenhouse gas emissions. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced is 100 percent renewables-based, thus helping to protect the environment and the climate without compromising on the high quality BASF customers expect. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced has now been awarded certification based on the global REDcert2 scheme. In 2019, BASF transferred certification of biomass balanced products to the new global REDcert2 scheme for the chemical industry. BASF has established a closed chain of custody for the biomass balance approach that extends from the renewable feedstock right through to the final product. Independent certification by TÜV Nord in compliance with the global REDcert2 scheme confirms to the customer that BASF has fully replaced the entire quantity of fossil feedstock required to make Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced with renewables right from the start of the production process. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Ultimate grades are modified MGDA grades. They show besides others improved anti glass corrosiveness. Applications of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades for the prevention of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents BTC’s Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades are used in applications like formulations for automatic dish washing, either liquid or solid; chelate based and phosphate-free builder systems; laundry formulations; formulations for floor and hard surface cleaners, toilet cleaners and car cleaners. Further applications for our Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades include industrial and institutional cleaners for the food and beverage industry; cleaners for the dairy industry; ware washing and professional car, truck and bus cleaning formulations.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C5H12O3Si.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is an organosilicon compound that contains a vinyl functional group and three methoxy groups attached to a silicon atom.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is also known by its systematic name, (Z)-1-trimethoxysilanyl-1-propene.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents and water


CAS Number: 2768-02-7



APPLICATIONS


Trimethoxyvinylsilane has a variety of applications in various industries.
Here are some of its applications:

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a coupling agent in the production of fiberglass-reinforced plastics, adhesives, and sealants.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a reactive diluent in the formulation of high-performance coatings and resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinker in the production of thermoplastic elastomers, silicone rubbers, and polyurethanes.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a water scavenger in polyurethane foams.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of specialty silanes and siloxanes.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface treatment agent for inorganic materials such as glass and metal.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a modifier for polysiloxanes, polyethers, and polyesters to improve their adhesion properties.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinker in the production of thermosetting resins for electronic applications.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a monomer in the synthesis of vinylsilane polymers and copolymers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an intermediate in the production of organosilicon compounds.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a monomer in the production of silicone sealants and adhesives.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of organofunctional silanes.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinker in the production of resins and coatings for marine applications.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface treatment agent for ceramic materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a water-repellent agent in building materials such as concrete and masonry.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of rubber articles with improved properties such as heat resistance, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a modifier for epoxy resins to improve their adhesion to various substrates.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a monomer in the production of vinylsilane copolymers for use in electronic applications.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinker in the production of high-performance adhesives.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface treatment agent for glass fibers to improve their adhesion to resins.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is commonly used in the manufacture of silicone polymers.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a cross-linker in various adhesives and coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a coupling agent in the production of fiber-reinforced composite materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is often added to concrete to improve its adhesion and durability.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a modifier in the synthesis of mesoporous materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a precursor in the preparation of silica nanoparticles.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a common component in the production of hydrophobic surfaces.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used to functionalize glass surfaces to improve adhesion to organic coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is often used in the synthesis of silicone elastomers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a popular reagent in the modification of micro- and nanoparticles.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the preparation of functionalized silica gels.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the synthesis of new biomaterials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a key component in the production of sealants and caulks.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used to improve the performance of rubber compounds.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the preparation of inorganic-organic hybrid materials.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is often used in the production of optical fibers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier in the preparation of polymeric nanocomposites.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of highly selective sorbents for gas chromatography.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a key component in the manufacture of anti-fouling coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used to modify the surface properties of polymeric membranes.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a cross-linking agent in the preparation of waterborne coatings.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is often used in the preparation of hybrid organic-inorganic coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of ceramic fibers and composites.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the preparation of new ion exchange resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a common reagent in the preparation of functionalized nanoparticles.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is commonly used as a coupling agent in the production of glass fiber reinforced plastics.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is also used as an adhesion promoter in the manufacture of rubber products.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface modifier in the production of coatings and paints.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a crosslinking agent in polymer chemistry.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of silicon-based ceramics.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is commonly used as a raw material in the synthesis of silane coupling agents.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as an additive in the production of adhesives and sealants.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of thermosetting resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of biocompatible materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an additive in the production of asphalt and bitumen.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a silane coupling agent in the production of fiber-reinforced composites.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as an adhesion promoter in the production of plastics.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of silicon-based coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier in the production of glass.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a raw material in the production of organosilicon compounds.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of silicone rubber.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an additive in the production of concrete and cement.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a coupling agent in the production of ceramic materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an adhesion promoter in the production of paints.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier in the production of metal surfaces.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a raw material in the production of specialty chemicals.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of high-temperature resistant materials.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an adhesion promoter in the production of glass beads.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a coupling agent in the production of nanocomposites.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface modifier in the production of ceramics for electronic applications.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of silicone rubber.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a coupling agent in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of water-repellent coatings for textiles.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of thermosetting plastics.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a crosslinking agent in the formulation of coatings and paints.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of glass fiber-reinforced thermosetting resins.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface modifier for inorganic fillers in polymer composites.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of electrical insulation materials.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a coupling agent in the production of inorganic fillers for rubber.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of silicone resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a raw material for the production of silane coupling agents.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of water-repellent coatings for automotive parts.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the formulation of mold release agents.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of conductive coatings for electronic components.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the formulation of high-temperature adhesives.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of heat-resistant silicone rubber.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier for pigments in coatings and inks.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of water-repellent coatings for building materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of epoxy resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of thermoplastic elastomers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a silane coupling agent for the production of vinyl resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of coatings for printed circuit boards.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a water-repellent agent for leather.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the formulation of fiber-reinforced composites for aircraft and aerospace applications.



DESCRIPTION


Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C5H12O3Si.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is an organosilicon compound that contains a vinyl functional group and three methoxy groups attached to a silicon atom.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is also known by its systematic name, (Z)-1-trimethoxysilanyl-1-propene.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents and water.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane has the chemical formula C6H12O3Si and a molecular weight of 160.25 g/mol.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is soluble in most organic solvents, including alcohols, ethers, and ketones.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane has a boiling point of 124-126°C and a flash point of 34°C.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a reactive chemical that is sensitive to moisture and should be handled with care.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a monomer in the synthesis of silane-based polymers and copolymers.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a coupling agent to improve the adhesion between organic and inorganic materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used to modify the surface properties of various materials, such as glass, ceramics, and metals.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a cross-linking agent in the production of silicone elastomers.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a silane coupling agent in the manufacturing of fiber-reinforced composites.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier in the production of inorganic membranes for gas separation and ultrafiltration.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a co-monomer in the synthesis of silicone-based surfactants and emulsifiers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a modifier for polyesters, polyurethanes, and epoxies to improve their mechanical properties.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for metal surfaces.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a reagent in organic synthesis, such as in the preparation of vinylsilane derivatives.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a crosslinking agent in the production of high-performance thermosetting resins.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of silicone gels and oils with high viscosity.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface treatment for glass fibers to improve their compatibility with polymer matrices.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a modifier for glass beads and other fillers in polymer composites.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a water scavenger in sealant formulations to increase their shelf life.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: C6H12O3Si
Molecular weight: 160.25 g/mol
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: pungent, acrid
Boiling point: 155-157 °C (311-315 °F)
Melting point: -86 to -83 °C (-123 to -117 °F)
Density: 1.02 g/mL at 25 °C (77 °F)
Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in many organic solvents
Flash point: 38 °C (100 °F) (closed cup)
Vapor pressure: 1.1 mmHg at 25 °C (77 °F)
Refractive index: 1.407 at 20 °C (68 °F)
Viscosity: 0.7 cP at 25 °C (77 °F)
pH: 6.5-7.5
Surface tension: 23.5 dyn/cm at 25 °C (77 °F)
Autoignition temperature: 410 °C (770 °F)
Heat of vaporization: 41.4 kJ/mol
Heat of combustion: -4,101.2 kJ/mol
Heat of formation: -470.9 kJ/mol
Dielectric constant: 3.0 at 20 °C (68 °F)
Chemical stability: stable under normal conditions
Reactivity: reacts with water to produce methanol and silanediol
Hazardous polymerization: will not occur
Toxicity: can cause irritation to skin and eyes, harmful if ingested or inhaled
Corrosivity: can corrode metals and alloys
Flammability: highly flammable
Storage conditions: store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat and sources of ignition, keep container tightly closed



FIRST AID


In case of contact with Trimethoxyvinylsilane, the following first aid measures should be taken:

Skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and immediately wash affected skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness develops.


Eye contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation, pain, or redness persists.


Inhalation:

Move to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation or distress develops.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water and drink plenty of water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and safety glasses, when handling.
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of the substance.
Use in a well-ventilated area to prevent the build-up of vapor concentrations.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition.
Keep container tightly closed when not in use to prevent moisture contamination and air oxidation.
Keep away from oxidizing agents and strong acids and bases.

Store away from food, drink, and animal feed.
It is important to note that the handling and storage conditions may vary depending on the specific manufacturer's recommendations and any regulations in your region.
Always refer to the product label and safety data sheet for complete information.



SYNONYMS


2-Propen-1-ol, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)prop-1-ene
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propene
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-1-propene
(Trimethoxysilyl)propene-3-ol
Silane, trimethoxyvinyl-
3-Trimethoxysilyl-1-propene
3-Trimethoxysilylpropene
TMVS
Vinyltrimethoxysilane
TriMethoxyvinylSilane
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-1-propene-3-ol
(Trimethoxysilyl)propene-3-ol
UNII-8OJS7K5VV5
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propene-3-ol
CHEMBL378325
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)prop-1-ene
AC1L5PQC
8OJS7K5VV5
MFCD00042597
NSC 76841
(E)-Trimethoxyvinylsilane
Z-TMVS
KS-00000TDR
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propene-3-ol, solution.

Trimethyl borate is the organoboron compound with the formula B(OCH3)3.
Trimethyl borate is a colourless liquid that burns with a green flame.
Trimethyl borate power to aid the preparation of sodium borohydride and act as a weak Lewis acid (AN = 23) is well respected among chemists worldwide.

CAS Number: 121-43-7
EC Number: 204-468-9
Molecular Formula: C3H9BO3
Molecular Weight: 103.91

(MeO)3B, 121-43-7, 1212-43-7, 197926-EP2269975A2, 197926-EP2269997A2, 197926-EP2275415A2, 27060-EP2281822A1, 27060-EP2292589A1, 27060-EP2308866A1, 27060-EP2314583A1, 32599-EP2270006A1, 32599-EP2272817A1, 32599-EP2284148A1, 32599-EP2295421A1, 32599-EP2298770A1, 32599-EP2298774A1, 32599-EP2301926A1, 32599-EP2301933A1, 32599-EP2305627A1, 32599-EP2311826A2, 32599-EP2311827A1, 3349-42-6, 4-01-00-01269 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 46674-EP2292604A2, 46674-EP2308873A1, 46674-EP2311826A2, 63156-11-6, 82U64J6F5N, 95696-EP2371831A1, A804732, AI3-60245, AKOS000121036, AMY11113, AT28213, B(OCH3)3, B(OMe)3, B0226, B0522, Borate de trimthyle, Borester O, boric acid (H_3_BO_3_), trimethyl ester, Boric acid (H3BO3), trimethyl ester, Boric acid trimethyl, Boric acid trimethyl ester, Boric acid, trimethyl ester, BORON METHOXIDE, Borsaeuretrimethylester, BRN 1697939, C3-H9-B-O3, C3H9BO3, CHEBI:38913, DTXSID0037738, EC 204-468-9, EINECS 204-468-9, F0001-0343, FT-0600432, HSDB 5589, J-004497, LS-45040, Methyl borate, Methyl borate, ((MeO)3B), Methyl borate, (MeO)3 B, MFCD00008346, NA2416, NSC 777, NSC-777, NSC777, Q423710, SCHEMBL15840, STL264209, trimethoxy borane, trimethoxy boron, trimethoxyboran, Trimethoxyborane, Trimethoxyborine, Trimethoxyboron, trimethy borate, trimethyborate, TRIMETHYL BORATE, TRIMETHYL BORATE [HSDB], TRIMETHYL BORATE [MI], Trimethyl borate [UN2416] [Flammable liquid], Trimethyl borate [UN2416] [Flammable liquid], Trimethyl borate, >=98%, Trimethyl borate, 99.999% (trace metal basis), Trimethyl borate, azeotrope, 70%, in methanol, Trimethyl borate, purified by redistillation, >=99.5%, Trimethyl borate, purum, >=99.0% (GC), Trimethyl borate-11B, Trimethyl borate-11B, 99 atom % 11B, 98% (CP), trimethyl boric acid, trimethyl orthoborate, trimethyl-borate, Trimethylborat, trimethylborate, trimethylboric acid, Trimethylester kyseliny borite, Trimethylester kyseliny borite [Czech], UN 2416, UN2416, UNII-82U64J6F5N, Urea,N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-N'-cyclopentyl-, WLN: 1OBO1 & O1, 1212-43-7 [RN], 121-43-7 [RN], 1697939 [Beilstein], 204-468-9 [EINECS], 3349-42-6 [RN], 82U64J6F5N, Borate de triméthyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Boric acid (H3BO3), trimethyl ester [ACD/Index Name], BORIC ACID TRIMETHYL ESTER, ED5600000, METHYL BORATE, MFCD00008346 [MDL number], Trimethyl borate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], TRIMETHYL BORATE-11B, 97 ATOM, Trimethylborat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], (MeO)3B, 31649-91-9 [RN], 4-01-00-01269 [Beilstein], 4-01-00-01269 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein], 486-73-7 [RN], 63156-11-6 [RN], B(OCH3)3, B(OMe)3, borato de trimetila [Portuguese], Borester O, boric acid, trimethyl ester, BORON METHOXIDE, Borsaeuretrimethylester, CHEBI:38913, EINECS 204-468-9, ST5409749, TL8000570, trimethoxyboramethane, trimethoxyborane, TRIMETHOXYBORINE, TRIMETHOXYBORON, Trimethyl borate [UN2416] [Flammable liquid], Trimethylborate, Trimethylester kyseliny borite [Czech], Trimethylester kyseliny borite [Czech], UN 2416, UNII:82U64J6F5N, UNII-82U64J6F5N, Urea,N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-N'-cyclopentyl-, WLN: 1OBO1 & O1

Trimethyl borate is an intermediate in the preparation of sodium borohydride and is a popular reagent in organic chemistry.
Trimethyl borate is a weak Lewis acid (AN = 23, Gutmann-Beckett method).

Borate esters are prepared by heating boric acid or related boron oxides with alcohols under conditions where water is removed.

Trimethyl borate is the main precursor to sodium borohydride.
Trimethyl borate is often used as a reagent in organic synthesis reactions, such as Suzuki couplings and Grignard reactions.

Trimethyl borate is the organoboron compound with the formula B(OCH3)3.
Trimethyl borate is a colourless liquid that burns with a green flame.
Trimethyl borate power to aid the preparation of sodium borohydride and act as a weak Lewis acid (AN = 23) is well respected among chemists worldwide.

Trimethyl borate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Trimethyl borate is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trimethyl Borate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Broad range of products for hydrogen storage research, advanced fuel cells and battery applications.

Hydrogen can easily be generated from renewable energy sources and is the most abundant element in the universe.
Hydrogen is produced from various sources such as fossil fuels, water and renewables.

Hydrogen is nonpolluting and forms water as a harmless byproduct during use.
The challenges associated with the use of hydrogen as a form of energy include developing safe, compact, reliable, and cost-effective hydrogen storage and delivery technologies.

Currently, hydrogen can be stored in these three forms: Compressed Hydrogen, Liquid Hydrogen and Chemical Storage.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.

A member of the class of Borate Ester, Trimethyl borate is a colorless liquid that ignites with an impressive green flame.
Trimethyl borate power to aid the preparation of sodium borohydride and act as a weak Lewis acid (AN = 23) is well respected among chemists worldwide.
Borate ester, prepared by heating boron oxides and alcohols under dehydrating conditions, is a popular reagent in organic chemistry.

Trimethyl borate reacts with a Grignard reagent or organolithium compounds to yield dimethyl boronates, which upon subsequent aqueous acid treatment afford corresponding boronic acids.
The resultant boronic acids or esters are useful intermediates in various cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki coupling and Chan-Lam coupling.
Trimethyl borate is also used in the preparation of sodium borohydride.

Trimethyl borate is a useful reagent in organic synthesis.
Trimethyl borate is involved in the production of resins, waxes and paints and acts as a methylation agent.

As a boron source, Trimethyl borate is used to prepare flame retardants, anti-oxidants and corrosion inhibitors.
Trimethyl borate reacts with Grignard reagents followed by hydrolysis to prepare boronic acid.

Trimethyl borate is also used as a precursor of borate esters, which finds application in the Suzuki coupling reaction.
Trimethyl borate is an intermediate in the preparation of sodium borohydride.

Applications of Trimethyl borate:
Trimethyl borate reacts with a Grignard reagent or organolithium compounds to yield dimethyl boronates, which upon subsequent aqueous acid treatment afford corresponding boronic acids.
The resultant boronic acids or esters are useful intermediates in various cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki coupling and Chan-Lam coupling.
Trimethyl borate is also used in the preparation of sodium borohydride.

Trimethyl borate is the main precursor to sodium borohydride by Trimethyl borate reaction with sodium hydride:
4 NaH + B(OCH3)3 → NaBH4 + 3 NaOCH3

Trimethyl borate is a gaseous anti-oxidant in brazing and solder flux.
Otherwise, trimethyl borate has no announced commercial applications.
Trimethyl borate has been explored as a fire retardant, as well as being examined as an additive to some polymers.

Organic synthesis:
Trimethyl borate is a useful reagent in organic synthesis, as a precursor to boronic acids, which are used in Suzuki couplings.

These boronic acids are prepared via reaction of the trimethyl borate with Grignard reagents followed by hydrolysis:
ArMgBr + B(OCH3)3 → MgBrOCH3 + ArB(OCH3)2
ArB(OCH3)2 + 2 H2O → ArB(OH)2 + 2 HOCH3

Uses of Trimethyl borate:
Trimethyl borate is also an anti-oxidant in the brazing and solder flux and has been explored as a fire retardant.
Additionally, Trimethyl borate has been examined as an additive to some polymers.

Trimethyl borate is the main reactant in the Brown-Schlesinger method of producing sodium borohydride, and Trimethyl borate is successfully recreated from sodium metaborate (NaBO2) via a sequential process that includes reacting with sulfuric acid, cooling crystallization, and reactive esterification distillation.

The metaborate is first transformed to boric acid (H3BO3) by treating Trimethyl borate with sulfuric acid, obviating the need to synthesize borax (Na2B4O710H2O) in traditional techniques.
Boric acid is separated and purified from coexisting sodium sulphate by cooling crystallization (Na2SO4).

Following that, Trimethyl borate is made by esterifying boric acid with methanol, with reactive esterification distillation used to speed up the process and purify Trimethyl borate .
X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography are used to demonstrate the formation of boric acid and trimethyl borate (GC).
Sodium metaborate could be converted to boric acid at a rate of about 55%, with a manufacturing yield of 74.1 to 96.5% for trimethyl borate esterified from boric acid as-produced.

Trimethyl borateis potassium (sodium) boron hydrogen intermediate.
Vulcanizing agent, wood preservative, catalyst, gelling agent, heat stabilizer, hydrogen flame extinguishing agent, also used for flame retardant treatment of cotton and preparation of active silica, and as a gas chromatographic analysis reagent for carbohydrate derivatives.

Trimethyl borate is used as a flame retardant, welding and brazing flux, chemical intermediate, fungicide, and a solvent for waxes, resins, and oils.
Trimethyl borate is used as solvent for waxes, resins, oils; catalyst in manufacture of ketones; analysis of paint and varnish ingredients; as neutron detector gas in presence of a scintillation counter; as promoter of diborane reactions
Trimethyl borate is intermediate in preparation of metal borohydrides.

Protection of Wood-based Materials:
Trimethyl borate has a high vapour pressure injected into a container containing the wood beneath a vacuum during vapour phase treatments.
Trimethyl borate then volatilizes and diffuses into the wood by combining with any moisture to form methanol and boric acid.

The borate is released during the reaction and is deposited in the wood.
Some methanol and borate remain in the wood when the vacuum is released.
This method has been used to cure a variety of composites, but Trimethyl borate utility is limited because the wood being processed cannot be too wet (moisture content less than 6–8%).

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trimethyl borate is used in the following products: welding & soldering products and laboratory chemicals.
Trimethyl borate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and scientific research and development.

Trimethyl borate is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products.
Other release to the environment of Trimethyl borate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Uses at industrial sites:
Trimethyl borate is used in the following products: welding & soldering products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and plant protection products.
Trimethyl borate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Trimethyl borate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trimethyl borate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Intermediates

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Welding
Brazing
Farming (Pesticides)

Properties of Trimethyl borate:

Chemical Properties:
Dehydration produces trimethyl borate, which decomposes to methanol and boric acid when coming in contact with water.
In the presence of oxygen, Trimethyl borate burns to generate boron trioxide.
Trimethyl borate emits a vivid green hue in flames, which overpowers other flame colours.

Synthesis of Trimethyl borate:
Trimethyl borate is a boron triester with a single boron atom and three methoxide groups.
Trimethyl borate can be made by mixing a large amount of dry methanol with boric acid, boron oxide, and a tiny amount of sulfuric acid, and heating the mixture to dehydrate Trimethyl borate if necessary.

Due to the extra methanol used, the finished product would be an azeotropic mixture of methanol (25%) and trimethyl borate (75%).
Pure trimethyl borate can be obtained by converting methanol to trimethyl borate with a boron trihalide, such as boron tribromide.
However, the trihalide should be added gradually to avoid hydrolysis of the previously present boron tribromide.

Trimethyl borate is an essential reagent in organic synthesis because Trimethyl borate acts as a precursor to boronic acids.
These boronic acids, used in Suzuki couplings, are made by reacting trimethyl borate with Grignard reagents.

B(OCH3)3 + ArMgBr → MgBrOCH3 + ArB(OCH3)2

ArB(OCH3)2 + 2 H2O → ArB(OH)2 + 2 HOCH3

Methods of Manufacturing of Trimethyl borate:
Trimethyl borate is manufacture from pyridine-boron trichloride complex; from methanol and boric oxide, borax or boric acid; from methyl orthosilicates and boron halide; from boric acid and methanol.

Handling and Storage of Trimethyl borate:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures of Trimethyl borate:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids

Stability and Reactivity of Trimethyl borate:

Reactivity:
Vapors may form explosive mixture with air.

Chemical stability:
Trimethyl borate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Exothermic reaction with:
Oxidizing agents
Acids
Fluorine
Water
Violent reactions possible with:
Alkali metals

Conditions to avoid:
Methanol is given off during processing and by reaction with water.
Avoid moisture.
Warming.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First Aid Measures of Trimethyl borate:
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of Trimethyl borate (s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

Move victim to fresh air if Trimethyl borate can be done safely.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.

Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.

In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water.
Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Keep victim calm and warm.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Trimethyl borate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.

Fire Fighting Measures:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto Trimethyl borate .
If Trimethyl borate can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Foam Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Trimethyl borate no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Trimethyl borate or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Borane/boron oxides

Combustible.
Pay attention to flashback.
Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.

Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.
Forms explosive mixtures with air at ambient temperatures.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
To fight fire use dry chemical, CO2, spray, foam.

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Solid stream of water may be ineffective.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Accidental Release Measures of Trimethyl borate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions of Trimethyl borate:
Do not let product enter drains.
Risk of explosion.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Trimethyl borate:
CAS Number: 121-43-7
ChEBI: CHEBI:38913
ChemSpider: 8157
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.063
EC Number: 204-468-9
PubChem CID: 8470
UNII: 82U64J6F5N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID0037738
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H9BO3/c1-5-4(6-2)7-3/h1-3H3
Key: WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C3H9BO3/c1-5-4(6-2)7-3/h1-3H3
Key: WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES: O(B(OC)OC)C

Synonym(s): Boric acid trimethyl ester, Methyl borate
Linear Formula: B(OCH3)3
CAS Number: 121-43-7
Molecular Weight: 103.91
Beilstein: 1697939
EC Number: 204-468-9
MDL number: MFCD00008346
PubChem Substance ID: 24868738

CAS number: 121-43-7
EC index number: 005-005-00-1
EC number: 204-468-9
Hill Formula: C₃H₉BO₃
Chemical formula: (CH₃O)₃B
Molar Mass: 103.91 g/mol
HS Code: 2920 90 70

Linear Formula: B(OCH3)3
MDL Number: MFCD00008346
EC No.: 204-468-9
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 1697939
Pubchem CID: 8470
IUPAC Name: trimethyl borate
SMILES: O(B(OC)OC)C
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/C3H9BO3/c1-5-4(6-2)7-3/h1-3H3
InchI Key: WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Typical Properties of Trimethyl borate:
Chemical formula: C3H9BO3
Molar mass: 103.91 g·mol−1
Appearance: colourless liquid
Density: 0.932 g/ml
Melting point: −34 °C (−29 °F; 239 K)
Boiling point: 68 to 69 °C (154 to 156 °F; 341 to 342 K)
Solubility in water: decomposition

Compound Formula: C3H9BO3
Molecular Weight: 103.91
Appearance: Colorless Liquid
Melting Point: −34 °C
Boiling Point: 68-69 °C
Density: 0.932 g/mL at 20 °C
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 104.064475 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.064475 g/mol

Vapor density: 3.59 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥98%
Refractive index: n20/D 1.346 (lit.)
bp: 68-69 °C (lit.)
mp: −34 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.932 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: COB(OC)OC
InChI: 1S/C3H9BO3/c1-5-4(6-2)7-3/h1-3H3
InChI key: WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling point: 67 - 69 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.915 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: -11 °C
Ignition temperature: 305 °C
Melting Point: -31 °C
Vapor pressure: 147.9 - 148 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.3568 (20 °C)

Molecular Weight: 103.92 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 104.0644743 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.0644743 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 27.7Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 31.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Trimethyl borate:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.931 - 0.933
Identity (IR): passes test

Density: 0.915g/mL
Assay Percent Range: >99.9995% (metals basis)
Linear Formula: (CH3O)3B
Quantity: 10 g
UN Number: UN2416
Beilstein: 1697939
Merck Index: 14,9712
Formula Weight: 103.92
Percent Purity: ≥99.9995%
Physical Form: Liquid
Assay: (metals basis)
Chemical Name or Material: Trimethyl borate

Related compounds of Trimethyl borate:

Other cations:
Trimethyl phosphite
Tetramethyl orthosilicate

Names of Trimethyl borate:

Regulatory process names:
Borester O
Boric acid (H3BO3), trimethyl ester
Boric acid, trimethyl ester
Ethene, 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)-
Ethene, trifluoro(trifluoromethoxy)-
Ether, trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl
Methyl borate
Perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)
Trifluoro(trifluoromethoxy)ethylene
Trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether
Trimethoxyborane
Trimethoxyborine
Trimethoxyboron
Trimethyl borate
TRIMETHYL BORATE
Trimethyl borate
trimethyl borate
Trimethylester kyseliny borite

Translated names:
borate de triméthyle (fr)
borato de trimetilo (es)
borato de trimetilo (pt)
ortoboran trimetylu (pl)
trimethyl-borát (cs)
trimethylboraat (nl)
trimethylborat (da)
Trimethylborat (de)
trimetil borat (ro)
trimetil borat (sl)
trimetil borato (it)
trimetil-borat (hr)
trimetil-borát (hu)
trimetilboratas (lt)
trimetilborāts (lv)
trimetoksyboran (pl)
trimetoksyboran ortoboran trimetylu (pl)
trimetyl-borát (sk)
trimetylborat (no)
trimetylborat (sv)
Trimetyyliboraatti (fi)
Trimetüülboraat (et)
βορικός τριμεθυλεστέρας (el)
триметил борат (bg)

IUPAC names:
1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene
Boric acid (h3bo3), trimethyl ester
Methyl borate
trimethoxyborane
Trimethyl Borate
Trimethyl borate
trimethyl borate
trimethyl borate
Trimethylborate
Tromentyl borate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Trimethyl borate

Trade names:
Trimethyl borate Azeotrope
Trimethyl Borate Pure

Other names:
trimethoxyborane, boron trimethoxide

Other identifiers:
005-005-00-1
1187-93-5
121-43-7
31649-91-9
63156-11-6

Trimethylacetic acid chloride, also known as Pivaloyl chloride, is a colorless and volatile liquid with a strong odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a pungent odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

CAS Number: 3282-30-2
EC Number: 221-921-6
Chemical Formula: C5H9ClO
Molar Mass: 120.58 g·mol−1

Synonyms: Pivaloyl chloride, 3282-30-2, Trimethylacetyl chloride, 2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANOYL CHLORIDE, Propanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl-, Pivalyl chloride, 2,2-Dimethylpropionyl chloride, Pivalic acid chloride, Pivalolyl chloride, pivalic chloride, Neopentanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl-propionyl chloride, JQ82J0O21T, 2,2,2-trimethylacetyl chloride, DTXSID4027529, 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid chloride, pivaloylchloride, Pivaloyl chlorid, pivaloylchlorid, UNII-JQ82J0O21T, Pvaloyl chlorde, PivCl, pivaloyl-chloride, 2,2, Dimethyl-propanoyl chloride, tBuCOCl, Piv-Cl, t-BuCOCl, EINECS 221-921-6, UN2438, PVCL, trimethylacetylchloride, trimethylacetyl choride, trimehtylacetyl chloride, trimethyl acetylchloride, Trimethylacetyl-chloride, t-butylcarbonyl chloride, trimethylacetoyl chloride, Trimethyl acetyl chloride, (CH3)3CCOCl, tert-butylcarbonyl chloride, EC 221-921-6, Acetyl chloride, trimethyl-, SCHEMBL1404, trimethylacetic acid chloride, 2,2-dimethylpropanoylchloride, 2,2-dimethylpropionylchloride, 2,2,2-trimethylacetylchloride, 2,2-Dimethyl-propionylchloride, Trimethylacetyl chloride, 99%, DTXCID907529, TERT-BUTYL CHLORO KETONE, 2,2-dimethyl propanoyl chloride, CHEMBL3183814, 2,2-dimethylpropionicacid cloride, STR00119, ZINC1534960, Tox21_200646, BBL011382, MFCD00000709, STL146483, 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid chloride, AKOS000121190, UN 2438, NCGC00248779-01, NCGC00258200-01, 1,1-DIMETHYLETHANECARBONYL CHLORIDE, CAS-3282-30-2, FT-0652320, P0677, Pivaloyl chloride, purum, >=98.0% (GC), EN300-19178, Trimethylacetyl chloride [UN2438] [Poison], A821441, J-523982, Q2017164, F2190-0014, 2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2,2, Dimethylpropanoylchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 221-921-6 [EINECS], 3282-30-2 [RN], Chlorure de 2,2-diméthylpropanoyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Pivaloyl chloride, PIVALYL CHLORIDE, Propanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl- [ACD/Index Name], Trimethylacetyl chloride, [503-30-0] [RN], 1,3-Propylene oxide, 102382 [Beilstein], 15722-48-2 [RN], 2,2,2-Trimethylacetyl chloride, 2,2-Dimethyl-propionyl chloride, 2,2-Dimethylpropionyl Chloride, 2,2-Dimethylpropionyl chloride, Trimethylacetyl chloride, Acetyl chloride, trimethyl-, Cyclooxabutane, MFCD00005167 [MDL number], Neopentanoyl chloride, Oxetane [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], PI-44939, Pivalic acid chloride, Pivalolyl chloride, PivaloylChloride, RQ6825000, STR00119, tert-Valeryl chloride, Trimethylacetyl chloride [UN2438] [Poison], Trimethylacetylchloride, Trimethylene Oxide, UN 2438

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a branched-chain acyl chloride.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride was first made by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1874 by reacting pivalic acid with phosphorus pentachloride.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as an input in the manufacture of some drugs, insecticides and herbicides.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a reactive compound that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other organic compounds.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride can be used as a precursor to amides, which are important pharmacological agents.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride undergoes chemiluminescence when reacted with hydrogen fluoride and potassium dichromate in the presence of an amide.
This reaction mechanism can be used to detect small amounts of Trimethylacetic acid chloride in solution.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in autoimmune diseases and has been investigated for use as a cox-2 inhibitor.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride, also known as Pivaloyl chloride, is a colorless and volatile liquid with a strong odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is an alkylating reagent and is widely used in organic synthesis for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in the manufacture of drugs, pesticides, and other compounds.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a pungent odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride hydrolyses in the presence of water.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 tonnes per annum.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a natural product found in Rhodiola rosea with data available.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride appears as colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is very toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is fumes irritate the eyes and mucous membranes.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is corrosive to most metals and tissue.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a precursor in the preparation of tert-butyl peroxypivalate, guttiferon A derivatives, which is potential for the treatment of malaria.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a raw material in the production of synthetic acidamide medicament and phenol ester medicament.
In addition to this, Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as aminobenzylpenicilin, cephalexin, cefazolin, dipivefrin and dipivalyl epinephrine.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in heavy polymerization, N-acylating agent for amines, Schiff bases, pyrrolidinones as well as an O-acylating agent for alcohols, lactones and saccharides.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride market an overview:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is classified as a harmful chemical with many restrictions on Trimethylacetic acid chloride handling and storage.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a building block in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry.

In pharmaceutical industries, Trimethylacetic acid chloride serves as an important acylating reagent.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a major raw material used in the synthesis of amides and lipids.

Different important drugs that are manufactured using Trimethylacetic acid chloride are Benzylpenicillin, adrenaline, cefazolin, and other drugs.
In agrochemical industries, Trimethylacetic acid chloride finds Trimethylacetic acid chloride application in pesticide intermediates production.
The major product agrochemical obtained from Trimethylacetic acid chloride is ChloroTrimethylacetic acid chloride.

In chemical industries, Trimethylacetic acid chlorides are used in the synthesis of ketones, amino groups, and anhydrides.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride market dynamics:
The global consumption of Trimethylacetic acid chlorides is mainly associated with the growth in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
Which are the major drivers for the growth of the Trimethylacetic acid chlorides market around the world.

The global Trimethylacetic acid chloride market is consolidated to a few global and regional players only.
Major players in global Trimethylacetic acid chloride markets are mainly from China and India.

These countries are global leaders of agrochemical substances.
The demand for agrochemicals in these regions is mainly accelerated due to the government's positive attitude towards agriculture.

The government of India has launched initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana(PMKSY), which helps to support farmers in these regions.
With these schemes, the government is targeting an increase in the country's revenue from agriculture sectors.

This positive attitude in the development of the agriculture sector will boost the global Trimethylacetic acid chloride Market in these countries.
The same strategy is followed by various other developing countries of Asia and other parts of the world.

The fluctuating international currency has negative impacts on the Trimethylacetic acid chloride market.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride high flammability and corrosiveness have also raised the safety concerns for the manufacturer's Transportation of Trimethylacetic acid chloride to involve high risk.
These are some of the restraining factors for the growth of the Trimethylacetic acid chloride market.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride market analysis:
Agrochemical industries have grown significantly in the Asia Pacific region due to the rising demand for food crops in these regions.
China and India are leading producers of the agrochemical, which is utilized in regional development in the agriculture sector.
Thus overall consumption Trimethylacetic acid chlorides expected to witness significant growth in these regions.

The global Trimethylacetic acid chloride market in China and India is experiencing higher growth due to several government inanities, which are encouraging the growth of agriculture in these regions.
Besides agrochemical industries, pharmaceuticals and chemical industries have shown significant growth in Asia Pacific regions, which leverages the global Trimethylacetic acid chloride market.

The pharmaceutical industries have been growing at higher single digits CAGR in Europe and America.
Since the application of Trimethylacetic acid chlorides is associated with drug manufacturing, the global Trimethylacetic acid chlorides are expected to rise in these regions.
The agriculture sector being the least contributing sector to the country`s GDP of the United States, contributes a very less to global Trimethylacetic acid chlorides market.

The Latin American & Middle East & Africa markets for Trimethylacetic acid chloride will show stagnant growth in the forecast period due to limited growth in agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries in these regions.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride Market Snapshot (2022 to 2032):
The global Trimethylacetic acid chloride demand is anticipated to rise at a CAGR of 4.3% to 6% during the forecast period between 2022 and 2032.
Rising applications of Trimethylacetic acid chloride across pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries are driving growth in the global Trimethylacetic acid chloride market.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride, also called 2, 2- dimethyl propanol chloride, is a branded chain acyl chloride with a pungent odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is being increasingly used as a building block in agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and refining chemicals industries.

Over the years, Trimethylacetic acid chloride has become a commonly used intermediate for the production of agricultural chemicals like insecticides, herbicides, pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, and in peroxy esters manufacturing.
The rapid expansion of the pharmaceutical industry triggered by the increasing prevalence of various chronic and infectious diseases, growing health awareness, and increasing spending on medicines is expected to push the demand for Trimethylacetic acid chloride during the forecast period.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is being extensively used to manufacture pharmaceutical products such as DPE, cefazolin, dipivefrin, aminobenzylpenicilin, cephalexin, and digitally epinephrine.

Driving Demand in Trimethylacetic acid chloride Market:
The rapid growth of end-use industries such as chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical is a major factor driving the demand for Trimethylacetic acid chloride.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride has become an ideal intermediate candidate for manufacturing a wide range of pharmaceutical and agrochemical products.

Factors such as a surge in diseases worldwide and increasing healthcare spending have ignited the growth of the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.
People are spending large amounts on pharmaceutical drugs.
As many of these pharmaceuticals are manufactured by using Trimethylacetic acid chloride as an intermediate, the rising dale for these products will eventually push the demand for Trimethylacetic acid chloride during the forecast period.

Similarly, rising concerns about food insecurity are prompting farmers to use agrochemicals like herbicides, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, globally, hunger levels remained alarmingly high during 2021 with around 193 million people facing acute food insecurity.
This is acting as a catalyst for the growth of the Trimethylacetic acid chloride market and the trend is likely to continue during the forecast period.

Challenges Faced by the Trimethylacetic acid chloride Industry:
Despite multiple applications of Trimethylacetic acid chloride, there are certain factors that are limiting the growth of the Trimethylacetic acid chloride industry.
Some of these factors include the presence of stringent regulations pertaining to the use of insecticides and pesticides, the hazardous nature of Trimethylacetic acid chloride, and the availability of various alternative pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates.

Various countries are introducing regulations on the excessive use of insecticides and pesticides as they are harmful to humans, animals, and the environment.
This in turn is creating major challenges for manufacturers of Trimethylacetic acid chloride.

Scientific Research Applications of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in a variety of scientific research applications, such as the synthesis of peptides, the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, and the synthesis of amines.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in the synthesis of polymers, such as polystyrene and polyethylene.
In addition, Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.

Uses of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a precursor in the preparation of tert-butyl peroxypivalate, guttiferon A derivatives, which is potential for the treatment of malaria.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a raw material in the production of synthetic acidamide medicament and phenol ester medicament.

In addition to this, Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as aminobenzylpenicilin, cephalexin, cefazolin, dipivefrin and dipivalyl epinephrine.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in heavy polymerization, N-acylating agent for amines, Schiff bases, pyrrolidinones as well as an O-acylating agent for alcohols, lactones and saccharides.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a chemical intermediate.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a precursor in the preparation of tert-butyl peroxypivalate, guttiferon A derivatives, which is potential for the treatment of malaria.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a raw material in the production of synthetic acidamide medicament and phenol ester medicament.
In addition to this, Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as aminobenzylpenicilin, cephalexin, cefazolin, dipivefrin and dipivalyl epinephrine.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in heavy polymerization, N-acylating agent for amines, Schiff bases, pyrrolidinones as well as an O-acylating agent for alcohols, lactones and saccharides.

Uses at industrial sites:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trimethylacetic acid chloride can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates

General Manufacturing Information of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing

Synthesis Method of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is synthesized from trimethylacetic acid and thionyl chloride.
The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube or flask at a temperature of 40-60°C.

The reaction is exothermic and the reaction is complete in about 2 hours.
The yield of the reaction is usually in the range of 75-95%.

Chemical Structure of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
A chemical structure of a molecule includes the arrangement of atoms and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together.
The Trimethylacetic acid chloride molecule contains a total of 15 bond(s).
There are 6 non-H bond(s), 1 multiple bond(s), 1 rotatable bond(s), 1 double bond(s) and 1 acyl halogenide(s) (aliphatic).

The 2D chemical structure image of Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also called skeletal formula, which is the standard notation for organic molecules.
The carbon atoms in the chemical structure of Trimethylacetic acid chloride are implied to be located at the corner(s) and hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are not indicated – each carbon atom is considered to be associated with enough hydrogen atoms to provide the carbon atom with four bonds.

The 3D chemical structure image of Trimethylacetic acid chloride is based on the ball-and-stick model which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them.
The radius of the spheres is therefore smaller than the rod lengths in order to provide a clearer view of the atoms and bonds throughout the chemical structure model of Trimethylacetic acid chloride.

Reactivity Profile of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is acidic.
Incompatible with bases (including amines), strong oxidizing agents, and alcohols.
May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts.

Handling and Storage of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Trimethylacetic acid chloride must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL:
Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

First Aid Measures of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of Trimethylacetic acid chloride(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.

Do not perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if victim ingested or inhaled Trimethylacetic acid chloride; wash face and mouth before giving artificial respiration.
Use a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.

Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.

In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water.
Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Keep victim calm and warm.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

Fire Fighting of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame.
Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
If this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Accidental Release Measures of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:

Isolation and Evacuation:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Identifiers of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
CAS Number: 3282-30-2
Beilstein Reference: 102382
ChEMBL: ChEMBL3183814
ChemSpider: 56272
ECHA InfoCard: 100.019.929
EC Number: 221-921-6
PubChem CID: 62493
UNII: JQ82J0O21T
UN number: 2438
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4027529
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H9ClO/c1-5(2,3)4(6)7/h1-3H3
Key: JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC(C)(C)C(=O)Cl

Synonym(s): Trimethylacetic acid chloride, Trimethylacetyl chloride
Linear Formula: (CH3)3CCOCl
CAS Number: 3282-30-2
Molecular Weight: 120.58
Beilstein: 385668
EC Number: 221-921-6
MDL number: MFCD00000709
PubChem Substance ID: 24900440
NACRES: NA.22

CAS number: 3282-30-2
EC number: 221-921-6
Hill Formula: C₅H₉ClO
Chemical formula: (CH₃)₃CCOCl
Molar Mass: 120.58 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 90 70

EC / List no.: 221-921-6
CAS no.: 3282-30-2
Mol. formula: C5H9ClO

Product Number: P0677
Purity / Analysis Method: >98.0%(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C5H9ClO = 120.58
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
Storage Temperature: 0-10°C
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Moisture Sensitive,Heat Sensitive
CAS RN: 3282-30-2
Reaxys Registry Number: 385668
PubChem Substance ID: 125310048
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 2154
MDL Number: MFCD00000709

Properties of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Chemical formula: C5H9ClO
Molar mass: 120.58 g·mol−1
Density: 0.985
Melting point: −57 °C (−71 °F; 216 K)
Boiling point: 105.5 °C (221.9 °F; 378.6 K)
Refractive index (nD): 1.412

Boiling point: 105 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.98 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.9 - 7.4 %(V)
Flash point: 13 °C
Ignition temperature: 455 °C
Melting Point: 87 - 88 °C
Vapor pressure: 38.59 hPa (20 °C)

Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
Vapor pressure: 36 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay: 99%
Refractive index: n20/D 1.412 (lit.)
bp: 105-106 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.979 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CC(C)(C)C(Cl)=O
InChI: 1S/C5H9ClO/c1-5(2,3)4(6)7/h1-3H3
InChI key: JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 120.58
XLogP3-AA: 2.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 120.0341926
Monoisotopic Mass: 120.0341926
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 80.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Assay (morpholine method): ≥ 98.0 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.979 - 0.982
Identity (IR): passes test

Related Products of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
1,1-Dimethoxybutane
(E)-6,6-Dimethyl-2-hept-1-en-4-yn-1-amine
2,2-dimethoxybutane
Dimethyl trans-3-Hexenedioate
Dimethyl Hydroxyaspartate, Mixture of Diastereomers

Names of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:

Regulatory process names:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
TRIMETHYLACETYL CHLORIDE
Directive, Annex II - RID

CAS names:
Propanoyl chloride
2,2-dimethyl-

IUPAC names:
2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride
2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride
2,2-dimethylpropanoylchloride
2,2-dimethylpropionic acid chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride

Trade names:
1,1-Dimethylethanecarbonyl chloride
2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride
2,2-Dimethylpropionic acid chloride
2,2-Dimethylpropionyl chloride
Neopentanoyl chloride
Pivalic acid chloride
Pivalolyl chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride (6CI, 7CI, 8CI)
Pivaloylchlorid
Pivalyl chloride
Propanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl-
Propanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl- (9CI)
tert-Butyl chloro ketone
tert-Butylcarbonyl chloride
Trimethylacetyl chloride

Other names:
Trimethylacetyl chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
Pivalyl chloride
neopentanoylchloride

Other identifier:
3282-30-2

DESCRIPTION:
Trimethylamine, anhydrous appears as a colorless gas with a fishlike odor at low concentrations changing to ammonia-like odor at higher concentrations.
Trimethylamine Shipped as a liquid under its own vapor pressure.
Contact with the unconfined liquid can cause frostbite from evaporative cooling or chemical type burns.

CAS: 75-50-3
European Community (EC) Number: 200-875-0
Molecular Formula: C3H9N


Trimethylamine (TMA) is an organic compound with the formula N(CH3)3.
Trimethylamine is a trimethylated derivative of ammonia.
Trimethylamine is widely used in industry: it is used in the synthesis of choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, plant growth regulators or herbicides, strongly basic anion exchange resins, dye leveling agents, and a number of basic dyes.

At higher concentrations Trimethylamine has an ammonia-like odor, and can cause necrosis of mucous membranes on contact.
At lower concentrations, Trimethylamine has a "fishy" odor, the odor associated with rotting fish.

The gas is corrosive and dissolves in water to form flammable, corrosive solutions.
Gas is an asphyxiate by the displacement of air.
Trimethylamine Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
Prolonged exposure to heat can cause the containers to rupture violently and rocket.

Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short -term inhalation of high concentrations has adverse health effects.
Trimethylamine, aqueous solution appears as a clear to yellow aqueous solution of a gas.
Odor of Trimethylamine varies from fishlike to ammonia-like depending on vapor concentration.
Flash point of Trimethylamine is (25% solution) 35 °F.

Trimethylamine is Corrosive to skin and eyes.
Trimethylamine is Less dense (at 7.4 lb / gal) than water.

Vapors of Trimethylamine is heavier than air.
Trimethylamine Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.
Trimethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an methyl group.

Trimethylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Trimethylamine is a tertiary amine and a member of methylamines.
Trimethylamine is a conjugate base of a trimethylammonium.

Trimethylamine (TMA) is an organic compound with the formula N(CH3)3.
Trimethylamine is a trimethylated derivative of ammonia.
Trimethylamine is widely used in industry: it is used in the synthesis of choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, plant growth regulators or herbicides, strongly basic anion exchange resins, dye leveling agents, and a number of basic dyes.

At higher concentrations Trimethylamine has an ammonia-like odor, and can cause necrosis of mucous membranes on contact.
At lower concentrations, Trimethylamine has a "fishy" odor, the odor associated with rotting fish.


Trimethylamine is a colorless, hygroscopic and flammable tertiary amine having a fishlike odor at low concentrations changing to an ammonia-like odor at higher concentrations.
Trimethylamine is a gas at room temperature but is usually sold as a 30% solution in water.



Trimethylamine is tertiary alkylamine and co-produced with monomethylamine (MMA) and dimethylamine (DMA).
Trimethylamine is used as raw material for the production of choline based pharmaceuticals, surfactants, solvents, ion-exchange resins etc. E.g., Choline chloride, Chlormequat chloride, Trimethylamine Hydrochloride (TMAHCL) etc.



PROPERTIES OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Trimethylamine is a colorless, hygroscopic, and flammable tertiary amine.
Trimethylamine is a gas at room temperature but is usually sold as a 40% solution in water.
Trimethylamine is also sold in pressurized gas cylinders.

Trimethylamine is a nitrogenous base and can be readily protonated to give the trimethylammonium cation.
Trimethylammonium chloride is a hygroscopic colorless solid prepared from hydrochloric acid.

REACTIVITY OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Trimethylamine is a good nucleophile, and this reaction is the basis of most of its applications. Trimethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids.

PRODUCTION OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Trimethylamine is prepared by the reaction of ammonia and methanol employing a catalyst:
3 CH3OH + NH3 → (CH3)3N + 3 H2O
This reaction coproduces the other methylamines, dimethylamine (CH3)2NH and methylamine CH3NH2.

Trimethylamine has also been prepared by a reaction of ammonium chloride and paraformaldehyde:
9 (CH2=O)n + 2n NH4Cl → 2n (CH3)3N•HCl + 3n H2O + 3n CO2↑




APPLICATIONS OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Animal Nutrient: Trimethylamine is used In manufacture of vitamin B supplement for animals
Catalyst: Trimethylamine is Used as catalyst or to produce catalyst
Electronics Industry: Trimethylamine is used As an accelerator for epoxy resins in manufacture of specialty chemicals for electronic Industry.

Explosives Industry: Trimethylamine is used In manufacture of water gel explosives
Fuel Additive: Trimethylamine is used As gasoline additive, in aviation fuel as antiknock compound
Paper Chemicals: Trimethylamine is Used as cationizing starch

Resin Industry: Trimethylamine is Used In manufacture of water treatment resins
Trimethylamine is Used In Pharmaceuticals

Trimethylamine is used in the synthesis of choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, plant growth regulators, herbicides, strongly basic anion exchange resins, dye leveling agents and a number of basic dyes.
Gas sensors to test for fish freshness detect trimethylamine.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIMETHYLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product








CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Molecular Weight 59.11 g/mol
XLogP3-AA 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 59.073499291 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 59.073499291 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 3.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count 4
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 8
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Appearance: yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.62800 to 0.64500 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 5.226 to 5.367
Refractive Index: 1.34800 to 1.36600 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -117.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 3.00 to 4.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1716.529053 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 2.04 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 36.00 °F. TCC ( 2.22 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.160
Soluble in:
alcohol
benzene
chloroform
ether
water, 8.90E+05 mg/L @ 30 °C (exp)

Odour : Rotten egg
pH : 11.2 (40%)
Freezing point : -117 °C @ 101.325 kPa
Boiling point : 3.5 °C @ 101.325 kPa
Flash point : -6.6 °C @ 101.325 kPa
Auto-ignition temperature : 190 °C @ 101.325 kPa
Flammability (solid, gas) : Extremely flammable gas.
Vapour pressure : 91 - 227 kPa @ 0 - 25°C
Relative vapour density : 2.09 (Air:1)
Density : 0.627 g/cm³ @ 25°C
Solubility : Water: 410 - 890 g/l @ 19 - 30 °C
Log Pow : -3.5 / -1.89 n-oktanol/water (@ 25°C, pH=7.0 - 10.1)
Viscosity, kinematic : 0.823 mm²/s
Viscosity, dynamic : 0.516 mPa•s
Lower explosive limit (LEL) : 2 vol %
Upper explosive limit (UEL) : 11.6 vol %
Formula: C3H9N / (CH3)3N
Molecular mass: 59.1
Boiling point: 3°C
Melting point: -117°C
Relative density (water = 1): 0.6 (liquid)
Solubility in water: very good
Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 187
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 2
Flash point: Flammable gas
Auto-ignition temperature: 190°C
Explosive limits, vol% in air: 2.0-11.6
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 0.2
Chemical formula C3H9N
Molar mass 59.112 g•mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Fishy, ammoniacal
Density 670 kg m−3 (at 0 °C)
627.0 kg m−3 (at 25 °C)
Melting point −117.20 °C; −178.96 °F; 155.95 K
Boiling point 3 to 7 °C; 37 to 44 °F; 276 to 280 K
Solubility in water Miscible
log P 0.119
Vapor pressure 188.7 kPa (at 20 °C)
Henry's law
constant (kH) 95 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Basicity (pKb) 4.19
Dipole moment 0.612 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)






SYNONYMS OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:

HBr of trimethylamine
HCl of trimethylamine
HI of trimethylamine
Trimethylamine
trimethylamine
N,N-dimethylmethanamine
75-50-3
Methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-
N-Trimethylamine
Dimethylmethaneamine
Trimethylamin
(CH3)3N
FEMA No. 3241
FEMA Number 3241
N,N,N-trimethylamine
NMe3
Trimethylamine anhydrous
CCRIS 6283
HSDB 808
trimethyl-amine
AI3-15639
EINECS 200-875-0
UNII-LHH7G8O305
UN1083
UN1297
TRIMETHYLAMINUM
LHH7G8O305
tridimethylaminomethane
DTXSID2026238
Trimethyl-d9-amine
CHEBI:18139
Trimethylamine, anhydrous
Methylamine, N,N-dimethyl-
DTXCID106238
N(CH3)3
EC 200-875-0
MFCD00008327
Trimethylamine, anhydrous [UN1083] [Flammable gas]
TRIMETHYL AMINE
(CH3)3NH
(CH3)3NH+
MELDONIUM DIHYDRATE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
MELDONIUM DIHYDRATE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE IMPURITY C (EP IMPURITY)
ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
tri-methylamine
KEN
dimethylamino methane
N,N-dimethyl-Methanamine
N,N-Dimethylmethanamine #
bmse000224
TRIMETHYLAMINE [MI]
NCIOpen2_007868
TRIMETHYLAMINE [FCC]
TRIMETHYLAMINE [FHFI]
TRIMETHYLAMINE [HSDB]
Trimethylamine, >=99.0%
Trimethylamine, >=99.5%
Trimethylamine 2.0M in THF
TRIMETHYLAMINUM [HPUS]
CHEMBL439723
GTPL5521
Trimethylamine 2M in Isopropanol
TRIMETHYLAMINE, (ANHYDROUS)
Trimethylamine, anhydrous, >=99%
Tox21_302355
BDBM50416499
NSC101179
STL264242
AKOS000119986
NSC-101179
UN 1083
UN 1297
CAS-75-50-3
NCGC00255170-01
FT-0660006
InChI=1/C3H9N/c1-4(2)3/h1-3H
T0464
T2268
T2704
T2892
T2893
T3567
T3614
T3847
C00565
Trimethylamine (ca.8% in N,N-Dimethylformamide)
Q423953
Trimethylamine (ca. 8% in Toluene, ca. 1mol/L)
F1908-0091
Trimethylamine (ca. 13% in Acetonitrile, ca. 2mol/L)
Trimethylamine (ca. 25% in Isopropyl Alcohol, ca. 3mol/L)
Trimethylamine solution (ca. 28% in Water, ca. 4.3mol/L)
Trimethylamine solution (ca. 25% in Isopropyl Alcohol, ca. 3mol/L)
Trimethylamine, anhydrous, cylinder, with 316SS needle valve, 99%

Trimethylammonium Chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Trimethylammonium Chloride may also be used as a model system for studying reaction mechanisms, structural analysis, and calcium pantothenate metabolism.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an essential nutrient that plays a role in energy metabolism and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.

CAS Number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1

Synonyms: CHOLINE CHLORIDE, 67-48-1, Hepacholine, Lipotril, Paresan, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Biocolina, Biocoline, Hormocline, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, Luridin chloride, Choline hydrochloride, Neocolina, Bilineurin chloride, Cholinium chloride, Choline, chloride, Chloride de choline, Choline chlorhydrate, Cholini chloridum, Cholinechloride, CHOLINE (CL), Colina cloruro, 2-Hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride, Choline chloride [INN], Cloruro de colina, Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, Chlorure de choline, Choline (chloride), Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, CCRIS 3716, HSDB 984, Colina cloruro [DCIT], (beta-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, EINECS 200-655-4, Chloride de choline [French], NSC 402838, NSC-402838, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N,-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Cholini chloridum [INN-Latin], (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride, DTXSID4020325, FEMA NO. 4500, UNII-45I14D8O27, AI3-18302, Cloruro de colina [INN-Spanish], CHEBI:133341, Chlorure de choline [INN-French], Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride, C5H14NO.Cl, 45I14D8O27, 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride, DTXCID20325, CHEMBL282468, CHOLINE-D13 CHLORIDE, EC 200-655-4, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1), CHOLINE CHLORIDE (MART.), CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MART.], Cloruro de colina (INN-Spanish), CHOLINE CHLORIDE (USP-RS), CHOLINE CHLORIDE [USP-RS], Chlorure de choline (INN-French), 352438-97-2, NSC402838, SR-01000075745, MFCD00011721, cholinii chloridum, Chloride, Choline, cholinium chloratum, Choline Chloride,(S), 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, SCHEMBL14957, C(CO)N(C)(C)C, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MI], SPECTRUM1503428, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [FCC], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [HSDB], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [INCI], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [VANDF], HMS500F09, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [WHO-DD], HMS1922E20, HMS2093G05, HMS3652D05, HMS3885F09, Pharmakon1600-01503428, AMY13898, Choline chloride [HOEtN1,1,1]Cl, HY-B1337, hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Tox21_200492, CCG-39465, NSC758473, s4171, AKOS015903458, CS-4855, FS-3795, LS-1563, NSC-758473, CAS-67-48-1, WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G, NCGC00095059-01, NCGC00095059-02, NCGC00258046-01, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, FT-0612603, FT-0665025, SW219165-1, (.beta.-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, A16451, D70213, EN300-102823, AB01568267_01, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride, A835769, Q2964153, SR-01000075745-3, SR-01000075745-5, 1CDEFBD7-7905-4D2C-BEA8-44A54D9787D3, F8889-3032, Etanamino, 2-hidroxi-n, n, n-trimetil-, cloruro (1:1), Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1), (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-Ammonium chloride, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, 200-655-4 [EINECS], 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminiumchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 67-48-1 [RN], Chlorure de 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-triméthyléthanaminium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], chlorure de choline [French] [INN], Choline (chloride), choline chloride [INN], CHOLINE, CHLORIDE, Cholini chloridum [Latin] [INN], cholinium chloride, cloruro de colina [Spanish] [INN], Colina cloruro [DCIT], Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) [ACD/Index Name], KH2975000, холина хлорид [Russian] [INN], كلوريد كولين [Arabic] [INN], 氯化胆碱 [Chinese] [INN], (2-H2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride, (β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, [67-48-1] [RN], 2-(trimethylamino)ethan-1-ol, chloride, 285979-70-6 [RN], 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylazanium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium chloride, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium, monochloride, 352438-97-2 [RN], 61037-86-3 [RN], Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride, Bilineurin chloride, Biocolina, Biocoline, Cholinchloride, choline-chloride, Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, FS-3795, Hepacholine, Hormocline, hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Lipotril, Luridin chloride, NCGC00095059-01, NCGC00095059-02, Neocolina, Paresan, Pharmakon1600-01503428, SPECTRUM1503428, trimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G, холина хлорид

Trimethylammonium Chloride is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations ([(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+) and chloride anions (Cl−).

Trimethylammonium Chloride is bifunctional compound, meaning, Trimethylammonium Chloride contains both quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group.
The cation of this salt, Trimethylammonium Chloride, occurs in nature in living beings.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly in animal feed.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a constituent of sphingomyelin and lecithin.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a precursor of acetylcholine.

Trimethylammonium Chloride plays a vital role in methyl group metabolism, carcinogenesis and lipid transport.
Choline deficiency is associated with fatty liver.

Trimethylammonium Chloride maintains cell structural integrity and cell signalling.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is implicated in the synthesis of phospholipids.
Trimethylammonium Chloride acts as a potent biomarker for ischemic heart disease.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a weak acid.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is the salt of the naturally occurring choline, the pre-stage of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is important for mnemonic and thought-processes.
Trimethylammonium Chloride occurs naturally in fungi, hop and kingcups and as integral part of lecithin.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a common food additive in animal husbandry

Trimethylammonium Chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a water solution of Trimethylammonium Chloride that is 75% by weight.
Trimethylammonium Chloride has been shown to be effective in preventing atherosclerotic lesions and metabolic disorders.

Trimethylammonium Chloride also has thermal expansion properties, which can be used for the manufacture of plastic containers.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can inhibit complex enzyme activity by forming complexes with the enzyme, thus inhibiting Trimethylammonium Chloride activity.

Trimethylammonium Chloride may also be used as a model system for studying reaction mechanisms, structural analysis, and calcium pantothenate metabolism.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an essential nutrient that plays a role in energy metabolism and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is also important for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) because Trimethylammonium Chloride enhances electrical conductivity across cell membranes.

Trimethylammonium Chloride appears as white crystals.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is practically neutral aqueous solution.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion.
Trimethylammonium Chloride has a role as an animal growth promotant.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a chloride salt and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Trimethylammonium Chloride contains a choline.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Applications of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where Trimethylammonium Chloride accelerates growth.
Trimethylammonium Chloride forms a deep eutectic solvent with urea, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and many other compounds.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is also used as a clay control additive in fluids used for hydraulic fracturing.

Trimethylammonium Chloride has been used:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in choline release assay
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used as an endogenous agonist of sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs)
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used as a standard to analyse interrelationships between methionine and choline metabolism

Uses of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an animal feed additive, classified as a water-soluble B-vitamin that increases animal growth.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is added exogenously to feed stocks because Trimethylammonium Chloride plays an essential role in fat transport, metabolism, and protects cell membrane structure.

Trimethylammonium Chloride can be supplied to tissue culture media, animal feed additive and used in clinical anti-fatty liver agent.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can be used for treating fatty liver and cirrhosis.

Trimethylammonium Chloride can also be used as the feed additive which is capable of stimulating ovaries for giving birth to more eggs and farrowing.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can also facilitate the weight gaining process of livestock, fish, etc.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is effective in the prevention and treatment of the fat deposition and tissue degeneration in the organs of livestock and poultry.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can also promote the absorption and synthesis of amino acids.

Moreover, Trimethylammonium Chloride can enhance physical fitness and disease resistance of livestock, promote their growth and development, and improve poultry laying rate.
The usage amount is 1-2 g/kg.

As a kind of feed additive, Trimethylammonium Chloride has the following physiological effects: Trimethylammonium Chloride can prevent the accumulation of the fat in liver and the kidney and tissue degeneration; Trimethylammonium Chloride can promote recombination of amino acids; Trimethylammonium Chloride can improve the utilization efficiency of amino acids, especially the essential amino acid methionine in vivo.
In Japan, 98% of the applied Trimethylammonium Chloride is used as the feed additives of chickens, pigs, cattle and fish and other animal.

Most of them have been processed into powder; the preparation process of 50% powder is that: first add an appropriate excipient of certain particle size into the mixer is prepared by previously adding an appropriate particle size of the excipient, and then add drop wise of aqueous solution of Trimethylammonium Chloride, after mixing, drying to derive it.
Some powder products are also blended with vitamins, minerals, and drugs.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is the vitamin B-class drug which can be used for the treatment of hepatitis, liver function degradation, early cirrhosis, and pernicious anemia.

B vitamins:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an indispensible fundamental component in humans and animal body, often referred to as B vitamins or vitamin B4, and is a necessary low-molecule organic compound for maintaining physiological function off animal body.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can be synthesized inside animal body but still often need to be supplied to dietary and is a kind of vitamin in maximal usage amount.
Inside animal cells, Trimethylammonium Chloride can be used to adjust the in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats, preventing the fat deposition and tissue degeneration of liver and kidney, and then promote the regeneration of amino acids, enhance utilization of amino acids as well as save some part of methionine.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is the most commonly used as well as most economical form of synthetic choline and is a water soluble vitamin, and is the component for constituting of acetylcholine, lecithin, and nerve phospholipids of biological tissue.
Moreover, Trimethylammonium Chloride can save methionine and is an important material required for livestock, poultry, and fish.

Inside animal body, Trimethylammonium Chloride can be used for adjusting in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats and can prevent the deposition in liver and related tissue degeneration.
As a methyl donor, Trimethylammonium Chloride can promote the re-formation of amino acids and improve the utilization of amino acids.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is mainly used as an additive for being mixing into the animal feed.
During the exact usage process, in addition to prevent moisture deliquescence, you should also note that all kind of feeds usually take the addition of Trimethylammonium Chloride as the last step.

Because of Trimethylammonium Chloride destruction effects on other vitamins, especially Trimethylammonium Chloride rapid destruction on vitamin A, D, K in the presence of metal elements, multi-dimensional formulation should not include choline.
Daily feed supplied with Trimethylammonium Chloride should be used as soon as possible after the addition.

Tests have showed that Trimethylammonium Chloride is especially important for chicken poultry.
Trimethylammonium Chloride synthetic amino acids and lecithin can be delivered to various locations inside chicken bodies, being able to prevent the fat deposition in the liver and kidney and accelerate the growth of chickens and increase egg production and hatchability.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following products: plant protection products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products and fertilisers.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services, scientific research and development and mining.
Other release to the environment of Trimethylammonium Chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.

Uses at industrial sites:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, fertilisers, washing & cleaning products and plant protection products.
Trimethylammonium Chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following areas: mining, scientific research and development, health services and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trimethylammonium Chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)
Stabilizing agent

Consumer Uses:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of Trimethylammonium Chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Other Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)

Chemical Properties of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is white hygroscopic crystal and is odorless with fish stench.
Trimethylammonium Chloride melting point of 240 ℃.

Trimethylammonium Chloride 10% aqueous solution has a pH 5-6.
However, Trimethylammonium Chloride is unstable in alkaline solution.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is easily soluble in water and ethanol but insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene and carbon disulfide.
Trimethylammonium Chloride has a low toxicity with LD50 (rat, oral) being 3400 mg/kg.

General Manufacturing Information of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities

Synthesis of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
In the laboratory, choline can be prepared by methylation of dimethylethanolamine with methyl chloride.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is mass-produced with world production estimated at 160 000 tons in 1999.
Industrially, Trimethylammonium Chloride is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide, hydrogen chloride, and trimethylamine, or from the pre-formed salt.

Trimethylammonium Chloride can also be made by treating trimethylamine with 2-chloroethanol.

(CH3)3N + ClCH2CH2OH → [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−

Production method of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
(1) Continuous method for preparation of Trimethylammonium Chloride solution:
Continuously send the trimethylamine hydrochloride and a certain amount of ethylene oxide separately through pump into the reactor; the reactants had a residence time at the reactor of 1-1.5h; the reaction was carried out under stirring and has Trimethylammonium Chloride resulting product being continuously withdrawn so that the liquid level within the reactor remained stable.
The withdrawn Trimethylammonium Chloride extraction crude product entered into the stripper to obtain 60-80% Trimethylammonium Chloride liquid product from the bottom.

(2) Trimethylamine hydrochloride was reacted with ethylene oxide, and then added with an organic acid for neutralization and further concentration to obtain the Trimethylammonium Chloride (3) Chloro-ethanol was reacted with trimethylamine to generate Trimethylammonium Chloride.

(3)Ethylene oxide method:
Trimethylammonium Chloride can be made from the reaction between ethylene oxide and trimethylamine.
Add the trimethylamine ethanol solution into the reactor, send through ethylene oxide at about 30 ℃ and stirring reaction of 4 hour and further obtain Trimethylammonium Chloride through neutralization with hydrochloric acid (control PH at 6.5-7.0).

The yield of the crude product can be as high as 98%. The crude product can further be subject to activated carbon decolorizing and vacuum concentration to obtain 70% aqueous solution.
The aqueous solution was added with ground corn cobs, rice hull flour, wheat bran or diatomaceous earth and some other kinds of excipients and can give 50% of the powder.

(4) Chlorohydrin method:
Use chlorohydrin to substitute ethylene oxide and hydrochloric acid; have Trimethylammonium Chloride reacted with trimethylamine in the presence of a small amount of ethylene oxide or alkaline substance;
First add 100 parts of chlorohydrin into the reaction vessel, further add 130 parts of trimethylamine from the liquid surface, while supplying of ethylene oxide to trigger the reaction.

After the addition, stir at 32-38 ℃ for 4h with the yield being 84% (calculated from chlorohydrin).
For example, if catalyzed with an alkaline substance (such as quaternary ammonium salts), the one-way conversion rate can reach over 97%.
Trimethylamine methanol solution and chlorohydrin is subject to heating reaction, concentration under reduced pressure, and re-crystallization to generate it.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Choline is an essential nutrient, commonly grouped with the B complex vitamins, that plays key roles in many biological processes.
The enzymatic activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), two serum enzymes synthesized by the liver and related with inflammation, were decreased in a sepsis animal model injected with LPS.
Trimethylammonium Chloride administered intravenously at 20 mg/kg body weight prevents the LPS-mediated decreases in the activities of these two enzymes.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Lipotropic Agents:
Endogenous factors or drugs that increase the transport and metabolism of LIPIDS including the synthesis of LIPOPROTEINS by the LIVER and their uptake by extrahepatic tissues.

Nootropic Agents:
Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias.
These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms.

Handling and Storage of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material.

Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect Trimethylammonium Chloride from moisture.

Reactivity Profile of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt. Quaternary ammonium salts often serve as catalysts in reactions.
They are incompatible with many strong oxidizers and reducing agents, such as metal hydrides, alkali/active metals, and organometallics.

Quaternary ammonium salts often serve as catalysts in reactions.
They are incompatible with many strong oxidizers and reducing agents, such as metal hydrides, alkali/active metals, and organometallics.

Unlike the ammonium ion, [NH4]+, and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution.

First Aid Measures of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
To fight fires involving this chemical, you should be equipped with an air line or self-contained breathing apparatus.
Extinguish with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or halon extinguisher.

Accidental Release Measures of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

Spillage Disposal of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Disposal Methods of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Identifiers of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
CAS Number: 67-48-1
ChEBI: CHEBI:133341
ChEMBL: ChEMBL282468
ChemSpider: 5974
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.596
E number: E1001(iii) (additional chemicals)
PubChem CID: 522265
UNII: 45I14D8O27
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4020325
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-REWHXWOFAH
SMILES: [Cl-].OCC[N+](C)(C)C

CAS number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Grade: DAB 10
Hill Formula: C₅H₁₄ClNO
Molar Mass: 139.63 g/mol
HS Code: 2923 10 00

Synonym(s): (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Linear Formula: (CH3)3N(Cl)CH2CH2OH
CAS Number: 67-48-1
Molecular Weight: 139.62
Beilstein: 3563126
EC Number: 200-655-4
MDL number: MFCD00011721
PubChem Substance ID: 57654039
NACRES: NA.25

Properties of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1
Appearance: White hygroscopic crystals
Melting point: 302 °C (576 °F; 575 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: very soluble (>650 g/L)

Ignition temperature: 355 °C
Melting Point: 200 °C
pH value: 5.0 - 6.5 (140 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 430 kg/m3

biological source: synthetic
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99%
form: powder
color: white
mp: 302-305 °C (dec.) (lit.)
SMILES string: [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO
InChI: 1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
InChI key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Molecular Weight: 139.62 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 46.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Assay (argentometric; calculated on dried substance): 98.0 - 100.5 %
Identity (wet chemistry): passes test
Identity (IR): passes test
Appearance of solution (10 %; water): passes test
Acidity or alkalinity: passes test
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.001 %
As (Arsenic): ≤ 0.0003 %
Pb (Lead): ≤ 0.5 ppm
Ammonium, volatile amines: passes test
Ammonium, primary amines: passes test
1,4 Dioxane: passes test
Residual solvents (ICH Q3C): excluded by the manufacturing process
Residue on ignition: ≤ 0.05 %
Loss on drying (120 °C): ≤ 1.5 %
Water: ≤ 0.5 %

Related salts of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Other commercial choline salts are choline hydroxide and choline bitartrate.
In foodstuffs, Trimethylammonium Chloride is often present as phosphatidylcholine.

Names of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

Regulatory process names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl-trimethylammoniumchlorid
Chlorure de choline
Cholinchlorid
cholinchlorid
Cholinchloride
Choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride

IUPAC names:
(2 - Hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium chloride
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Chloride
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
Cholin Chlorid
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride

Trade names:
CC 75 - Choline chloride, aqueous solution

Other names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Hepacholine
Biocolina
Lipotril

Other identifiers:
1643859-93-1
2028303-08-2
67-48-1

Trimethylolpropane trioleate; 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxooleyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl dioleate cas no: 57675-44-2

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a primary alcohol.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) has three hydroxyl groups.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a white material in flakes.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a triol present as a colourless solid with the molecular formula C6H14O3.


CAS Number: 77-99-6
EC Number: 201-074-9
Chemical formula: C6H14O3


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a trifunctional alcohol supplied in solid form.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a colorless hygroscopic solid crystal that is soluble in water and alcohol.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a trifunctional alcohol supplied in solid form


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3.


This colourless to white solid with a faint odor, Trimethylol propane (TMP), is a triol.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a synthetic organic compound that belongs to the family of triols, which are compounds with three hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a clear, colorless liquid with a low viscosity and a faint, sweet, alcoholic odor.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a versatile intermediate that is used in a variety of chemical reactions and processes, including the production of resins, polymers, and surfactants.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) has a number of useful properties that make it attractive for a variety of applications.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a good solvent for a wide range of organic compounds, and it is also a good plasticizer, which means that it can be used to make polymers more flexible and easier to process.
In addition, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a good surfactant, which means that it can reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve their wetting and spreading properties.


Trimethylol propane (TMP), in the form of a clear crystalline flake, is an alcohol produced by the reaction of formaldehyde with n-butyraldehyde.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is an intermediate and a triol that can be used in glues and polyurethane coatings.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also known as hexaglycerol.


Trimethylol propane (TMP), white flake crystal.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is easily soluble in water, lower alcohol, glycerin, N, N-dimethylformamide, partially soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether and chloroform.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is easily soluble in water, lower alcohol, glycerin, N, N-dimethylformamide, partially soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether and chloroform, insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons.


Trimethylol propane (TMP)'s hygroscopicity is about 50% of glycerol.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is an organic compound and belongs to the group of polyhydric alcohols.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is biodegradable, non-toxic, and has been approved for use in various food contact applications.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is an important starting material for synthesis processes in the chemical industry. Trimethylol propane (TMP) is obtained in a two-stage process from butanal, which is first expanded to 2,2-bis-hydroxymethylbutanal by condensation with formaldehyde and then reduced to a trihydric alcohol in a Cannizzaro reaction.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a trifunctional polyol supplied in solid form.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is soluble in water, low carbon alcohol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, partially soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether and chloroform, and insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) has strong hygroscopicity.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is soluble in water and acetone, and also soluble in carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and ether, but insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) has the advantages of improving the firmness, corrosion resistance and sealing performance of resin, and have good stability to hydrolysis, pyrolysis and oxidation.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is hygroscopic and should keep dry at low temperature preferably below 30℃to avoid caking.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following products: coating products, polymers, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and inks and toners.


Other release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Other release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).


Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, inks and toners, coating products, adhesives and sealants, non-metal-surface treatment products, polymers, paper chemicals and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following areas: health services and printing and recorded media reproduction.


Other release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following products: polymers, coating products, adhesives and sealants, inks and toners, non-metal-surface treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes and washing & cleaning products.


Release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following products: polymers, adhesives and sealants, coating products and pH regulators and water treatment products.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products, rubber products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).


Release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, for thermoplastic manufacture, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture and as processing aid.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly used as the solvent and extractant of medicine and pesticide


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in saturated polyesters for coil coatings, alkyds for paints, polyurethanes for coatings and elastomers, acrylic acid esters for radiation curing, esters for synthetic lubricants, rosin esters and for surface treatment of pigments.
Containing three hydroxy functional groups, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a widely used building block in the polymer industry.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly consumed as a precursor to alkyd resins.
Otherwise, acrylated and alkoxylated Trimethylol propane (TMP)'s are used as multifunctional monomers to produce various coatings, Ethoxylated and propoxylated TMP, derived condensation of from Trimethylol propane (TMP) and the epoxides, are used for production of flexible polyurethanes.


Allyl ether derivatives of Trimethylol propane (TMP), with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OCH2CH=CH2)3-x(CH2OH)x are precursors to high-gloss coatings and ion exchange resins.
The oxetane "TMPO" is a photoinduceable polymerisation initiator.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is may also be reacted with epichlorohydrin to produce the triglycidyl ether.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used Alkyd resins for coatings, polyesters resins , Silicone, Acrylates, Adhesives and sealants, Electric insulation coatings, Pigments, Ink, Toner, and Colorant Products, Fabric, Textile, and Leather Products, Food Packaging, production of flexible polyurethanes, PU resin.


Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used in the production of adhesive resins such as (polyurethanes polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).
Coatings: Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as a precursor for the manufacture of resins including alkyds, saturated polyesters and polyurethanes (polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).


Due to its structure, Trimethylol propane (TMP) imparts high UV and chemical resistance
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is widely used as a building block in the polymer industry.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used as a conditioning agent, manufacture of varnishes, alkyd resins, synthetic drying oils, urethane foams and coatings, silicone lubricant oils, lactone plasticizers, textile finishes, surfactants, and epoxy products.


Overall, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a valuable chemical intermediate that is used in a variety of industries, including the paint and coatings industry, the plastics industry, and the cosmetics and personal care industry.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a versatile chemical intermediate that is used in a variety of applications, including the production of resins, polymers, and surfactants.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly used in the production of alkyd resin, polyurethane, unsaturated resin, polyester resin, coatings, and the synthesis of aviation lubricant, printing ink, etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can also be used as a heat stabilizer for textile additives and polyvinyl chloride resin.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) can improve the film’s hardness, gloss, and durability when used to manufacture polyurethane and alkyd coatings.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the curing agent for polyurethane coatings/adhesives.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used Synthesis of branched polyester polyol for polyurethane coatings/synthetic leather/elastomer.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used Synthesis of polyether polyol as the initiator.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used Production of polyurethane plastics.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the crosslinking agent of polyurethane elastomer, microcellular polyurethane plastics.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as a raw material for the synthesis of organic compounds such as trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, which are used to produce polyurethanes, polyesters, polyethers and alkyd resins and are required for the production of surfactants, adhesives, binders, lubricants, varnishes, paints and coatings.


Due to these applications, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is of great importance for furniture production, construction and the automotive industry.
Areas of application of Trimethylol propane (TMP): Base material for the production of polyethers, polyesters, polyurethanes, alkyd resins, surfactants, binders, adhesives, lacquers, paints, lubricants and coatings.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a trifunctional alcohol with a wide spectrum of applications in the chemical industry, e.g. for the synthesis of alkyd and polyester resins, synthetic lubricants, PU-foams and lacquers or glues and adhesives.
Furthermore, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used for the production of dyestuffs, pigments, paints and silicone products.


Important applications areas of Trimethylol propane (TMP): Alkyd resins, Polyurethanes, Radiation curing monomers, Synthesize lubricant, Plasticizer, Printing ink, Pigment treatment, Textile auxiliary, PVC stabilizers etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly used in alkyd resin, polyurethane, unsaturated resin, polyester resin, coating and other fields.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) can also be used to synthesize aviation lubricating oil, printing ink, etc.,
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can also be used as textile auxiliaries and heat stabilizer of PVC resin.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the raw material of synthetic resin, also used in the synthesis of aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used for Alkyd resins, Polyurethanes, Radiation curing monomers, Synthesize lubricant, Plasticizer, Printing ink, Pigment treatment, Textile auxiliary, PVC stabilizers etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the raw material of synthetic resin, and also used for synthetic aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the glycerine substitute, and also used for the synthesis of drying oil.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is widely used in the production of polyester and polyurethane foam, also used in the manufacture of alkyd coatings, synthetic lubricants, plasticizer, surfactant, rosin ester and explosives.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used directly as textile auxiliary agent and PVC resin thermal stabilizer.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in alkyd resin application, it can improve the resin's firmness, color, weather resistance, chemical resistance, and sealing properties.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the raw material of synthetic resin, and also used for synthetic aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the glycerine substitute, and also used for the synthesis of drying oil.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is widely used in the production of polyester and polyurethane foam, also used in the manufacture of alkyd coatings, synthetic lubricants, plasticizer, surfactant, rosin ester and explosives.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used directly as textile auxiliary agent and PVC resin thermal stabilizer.
And used in alkyd resin application, Trimethylol propane (TMP) can improve the resin's firmness, color, weather resistance, chemical resistance, and sealing properties.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the raw material of synthetic resin, and also used for synthetic aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the glycerine substitute, and also used for the synthesis of drying oil.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is widely used in the production of polyester and polyurethane foam, also used in the manufacture of alkyd coatings, synthetic lubricants, plasticizer, surfactant, rosin ester and explosives.


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used directly as textile auxiliary agent and PVC resin thermal stabilizer.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in alkyd resin application, it can improve the resin's firmness, color, weather resistance, chemical resistance, and sealing properties.


-Resins:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be used to synthesize alkyd resins, which are used in the paint and coatings industry as binders for coatings and films.
Trimethylol propane (TMP)-based alkyd resins are known for their good drying properties, good adhesion to a variety of substrates, and good chemical resistance.


-Polymers:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be used as a monomer to synthesize a variety of polymers, including polyurethanes, polyesters, and polycarbonates.
These polymers have a wide range of properties and applications, including use as adhesives, sealants, foams, and films.


-Surfactants:
TMP can be used as a surfactant to reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve their wetting and spreading properties. This makes it useful in a variety of applications, including detergents, cleaners, and personal care products.


-Plasticizers:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be used as a plasticizer to make polymers more flexible and easier to process.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is commonly used in the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and other polymers to improve their processing and performance properties.


-Other applications:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used in the production of flavors and fragrances, as a solvent for resins and other organic compounds, and as a reagent in chemical synthesis.


-Adhesives and Sealants:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the production of adhesive resins such as (polyurethanes polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).


-Coatings:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as a precursor for the manufacture of resins including alkyds, saturated polyesters and polyurethanes (polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).
Due to its structure, Trimethylol propane (TMP) imparts high UV and chemical resistance


-Industrial Applications:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a widely used organic chemical intermediate.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly used as a raw material for polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, and high-grade coatings.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also an essential intermediate for other resins and organics.
Its strong chemical structure enables Trimethylol propane (TMP) to help end products withstand extreme temperature changes and high mechanical stress, and has excellent UV and chemical resistance.



HOW IS of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP)PRODUCED?
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is typically produced by the condensation of formaldehyde and an alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can also be synthesized from other starting materials, such as pentaerythritol or glycerol.



PRODUCTION of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is produced via a two step process, starting with the condensation of butanal with formaldehyde:
CH3CH2CH2CHO + 2 CH2O → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO
The second step entails a Cannizaro reaction:

CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO + CH2O + NaOH → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3 + NaO2CH
Approximately 200,000,000 kg are produced annually in this way.



TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP) MARKET SIZE:
It is difficult to estimate the size of the global Trimethylol propane (TMP) market as it is a widely used intermediate chemical that is used in a variety of applications and industries.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the production of resins, polymers, surfactants, flavors and fragrances, and other chemicals, and it is likely that the market for TMP is influenced by the demand for these products.

The global market for resins, which includes alkyd resins made from Trimethylol propane (TMP), was valued at about $40 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 4% from 2021 to 2026.
The global market for polyurethanes, which can be made from Trimethylol propane (TMP), was valued at about $53 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of about 6% from 2021 to 2026.

The global market for surfactants, which includes Trimethylol propane (TMP)-based surfactants, was valued at about $45 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of about 3% from 2021 to 2026.
It is important to note that these figures represent the size of the markets for the end products made from Trimethylol propane (TMP), and do not directly reflect the size of the TMP market itself.
In addition, these figures are estimates and may vary depending on the source and the method of calculation.



PRODUCTION of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is produced via a 2 step reaction.
The first step is the condensation of Butanal and formaldehyde.
The second step is a reaction with formaldehyde at high pH.
When used for alkyds it gives more resistance to water and chemicals compared to glycerol.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
Chemical formula: C6H14O3
Molar mass: 134.17 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Odor: Faint odor
Density: 1.084 g/mL
Melting point: 58 °C (136 °F; 331 K)
Boiling point: 289 °C (552 °F; 562 K)
Molecular Weight: 134.17 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 134.094294304 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.094294304 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 60.7Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 60.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Assay: ≥99%
Chroma : ≤20
Acid value (mgKOH/g): ≤0.2
Moisture: ≤0.2%
Molecular Formula: C6H14O3
CAS: 77-99-6
Appearance: White waxy flakes
Density (g/cm3): 1.176
Melting Point (℃): 59-61
Boiling Point (℃): 289-295
Flash Point (℃): 172
Viscosity (75℃)/mPa·s: 157
Refractive Index (70℃): 1.4716



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
hygroscopic



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
TMP, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
Trimethylolpropane
77-99-6
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
Ethriol
Trimethylol propane
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE
Hexaglycerine
Etriol
Ettriol
TMP (alcohol)
1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
Ethyltrimethylolmethane
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane
Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
Propylidynetrimethanol
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris-
Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol
NSC 3576
Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
HSDB 5218
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
UNII-090GDF4HBD
EINECS 201-074-9
090GDF4HBD
BRN 1698309
DTXSID2026448
AI3-24124
NSC-3576
Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, 1,3-
DTXCID806448
101377-62-2
EC 201-074-9
4-01-00-02786 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Addolink TR
trimethylol-propane
9D2
RC Crosslinker TR
?Trimethylol propane
1,1-Trimethylolpropane
111-Trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-trimetilolpropano
Oprea1_508416
SCHEMBL15026
111-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
CHEMBL3185136
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE [INCI]
NSC3576
CHEBI:183310
1 1 1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
1, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
Propane,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
2 2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
Butanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-
2,2-bis (hidroximetil)-1-butanol
AMY25779
1,1,1-Tri (hidroximetil) propano
Tox21_200028
1,1,1-Tris (hidroximetil) propano
BBL012231
MFCD00004694
STL163569
Propane 1 1 1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
AKOS005715709
CAS-77-99-6
NCGC00248497-01
NCGC00257582-01
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 97%
Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
VS-03244
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propan-1,3-diol
2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol
LS-120405
1,3-propanodiol, 2-etil-2-(hidroximetil)-
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1 3-propanediol
FT-0605956
T0480
2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dihydroxypropane
EN300-19329
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE [HSDB]
Q161270
1,3-PROPANEDIOL, 2-ETHYL-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-
F0001-1980
Z104473550
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, dist., >=98.0% (GC)
InChI=1/C6H14O3/c1-2-6(3-7,4-8)5-9/h7-9H,2-5H2,1H
1,1,1-trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
propylidynetrimethanol
2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butan-1-ol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-1
3-diol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
trimethylolpropane
TMP
1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,1,1-TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,3-PROPANEDIOL
2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-
1,3-Propanediol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- (8CI, 9CI)
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
2,2-DIHYDROXYMETHYLBUTANOL-1
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN-1.3-DIOL
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol
Ethriol
ETHYLTRIMETHYLOLMETHAN
Ethyltrimethylolmethane
Ettriol
HEXAGLYCERIN
Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
PROPYL-1,1,1-TRIS(METHANOL)
RC Crosslinker TR
TMP
TMP (alcohol)
TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE
TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN
Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
propylidynetrimethanol
TMP
TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN
Trimethylolpropane

TMPTA; Trimethylolpropane triacrylate;1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane triacrylate; 2-Ethyl-2-(((1-oxoallyl)oxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate; 2-Propenoic acid 2-ethyl-2-(((1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediyl ester; Other RN: 100465-65-4, 116335-81-0, 117079-82-0, 159251-16-8, 162193-38-6, 199685-35-3, 255831-11-9, 352031-28-8, 58998-51-9, 72269-91-1 cas no: 15625-89-5

Hexaglycerine; Hexaglycerol; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE, N° CAS : 77-99-6, Nom INCI : TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE, Nom chimique : 2-Ethyl-2-Hydroxymethyl-1,3-Propanediol; 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; propylidynetrimethanol; TMP, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-074-9, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau, Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. 1,1,1-TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE; 1,3-PROPANEDIOL, 2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-; ,2-BIS (HYDROXYMETHYL)-1-BUTANOL; 2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL) ; PROPANEDIOL; ETTRIOL; HEXAGLYCERINE; PROPANE, 1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-; TRI(HYDROXYMETHYL)-1,1,1 PROPANE; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE; Noms anglais :ETHRIOL; Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de résines, fabrication de vernis; 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane; 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; Propylidynetrimethanol; CAS names: 1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-. IUPAC names: 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane (TMP); 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol; 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol; TMP; Trimethylol propane; TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE; Trimethylpropane; Trimethylpropane (CAS 77-99-6). Trade names: 1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane; 1,1,1-TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN; 1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN; 1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- (8CI, 9CI); 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol; 2,2-DIHYDROXYMETHYLBUTANOL-1; 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol; 2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN-1.3-DIOL; 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol; Ethriol; ETHYLTRIMETHYLOLMETHAN; Ethyltrimethylolmethane; Ettriol; HEXAGLYCERIN; Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-; PROPYL-1,1,1-TRIS(METHANOL); RC Crosslinker TR; TMP (alcohol);Trimethylolpropane (TMP); TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN; Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane 1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- [ACD/Index Name] 1698309 [Beilstein] 201-074-9 [EINECS] 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propandiol [German] 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2-Éthyl-2-(hydroxyméthyl)-1,3-propanediol [French] 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol 77-99-6 [RN] MFCD00004694 [MDL number] Q1X2&1Q1Q [WLN] Trimethylolpropane TY6470000 1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane 1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane; 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane; 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol; 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane 97% 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane, propoxylated 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (tmp) 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane 98% 101377-62-2 [RN] 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl) 1,3-propanediol 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, 98% 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol 2-ethyl-2-methylol-propane-1,3-diol 4-01-00-02786 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein] 824-11-3 [RN] 9D2 Butan-1-ol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)- butane-1,1,1-triol Butanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)- c6h14o3 EINECS 201-074-9 Ethriol ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol Ethyltrimethylolmethane Etriol Ettriol Hexaglycerine Hexaglycerol Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris- METHANOL, [(1,1-DIMETHYLPROPYL)DIOXY]- MFCD00152500 Oprea1_508416 Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)- Propylidynetrimethanol TMP Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane Trimethylol propane trimethylolpropane, ??? Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane

DESCRIPTION:
Trimethylolpropane (TMP ) is a chemical compound with the formula CH 3 CH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 3.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a triol in the form of a white solid with a weak odor.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a widely used precursor in polymer chemistry .



CAS No 77-99-6
EC No. 201-074-9
IUPAC Name 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol


SYNONYMS OF TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP):
1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, propylidynetrimethanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butan-1-ol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-1, 3-diol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, trimethylolpropane, TMP ,1,1,1-tri(hydroxymethyl)propane,,hexaglycerol,,etriol,,Propylidynetrimethanol,Trimethylolpropane,77-99-6,2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol,Trimethylol propane,2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol,Ethriol,1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE,Hexaglycerine,Etriol,Ettriol,TMP (alcohol),1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-,Ethyltrimethylolmethane,1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane,Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane,Propylidynetrimethanol,2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol,1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane,Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris-,Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane,2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol,NSC 3576,Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-,HSDB 5218,2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol,UNII-090GDF4HBD,EINECS 201-074-9,090GDF4HBD,BRN 1698309,101377-62-2,DTXSID2026448,AI3-24124,NSC-3576,Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, 1,3-,DTXCID806448,EC 201-074-9,4-01-00-02786 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),trimethylol-propane,9D2,?Trimethylol propane,1,1-Trimethylolpropane,Oprea1_508416,SCHEMBL15026,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane,CHEMBL3185136,NSC3576,CHEBI:183310,1, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-,Propane,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-,Butanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-,AMY25779,Tox21_200028,BBL012231,MFCD00004694,STL163569,AKOS005715709,CAS-77-99-6,NCGC00248497-01,NCGC00257582-01,1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 97%,Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol,VS-03244,2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propan-1,3-diol,2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol,NS00005050,T0480,2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dihydroxypropane,EN300-19329,1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE [HSDB],Q161270,1,3-PROPANEDIOL, 2-ETHYL-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-,F0001-1980,Z104473550,1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, dist., >=98.0% (GC),InChI=1/C6H14O3/c1-2-6(3-7,4-8)5-9/h7-9H,2-5H2,1H
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is made through a two-step process beginning with the condensation of butanal CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CHOwith formaldehyde HCHO:
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH+ 2 HCHO → CH 3 CH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 2 CHO.

The second step involves a Cannizzaro reaction :
CH 3 CH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 2 CHO+ HCHO + NaOH → CH 3 CH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 3+ NaO 2 CH.
Around 200,000 tonnes of this compound are produced this way each year.
Trimethylolpropane is used primarily as a precursor to alkyd resins .

Acrylated esters –OCOCH =CH 2 and alkoxylated –OR trimethylolpropane are used as multifunctional monomers to produce various coatings and paints.


Trimethylolpropane (TMP), in the form of a clear crystalline flake, is an alcohol produced by the reaction of formaldehyde with n-butyraldehyde.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is an intermediate and a triol that can be used in glues and polyurethane coatings.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is also known as hexaglycerol.


Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3.
This colourless to white solid with a faint odor is a triol.
Containing three hydroxy functional groups, TMP is a widely used building block in the polymer industry.

PRODUCTION OF TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP)
TMP is produced via a two step process, starting with the condensation of butanal with formaldehyde:
CH3CH2CH2CHO + 2 CH2O → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO
The second step entails a Cannizaro reaction:
CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO + CH2O + NaOH → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3 + NaO2CH
Approximately 200,000,000 kg are produced annually in this way.[1]



Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a colorless hygroscopic solid crystal that is soluble in water and alcohol.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is widely used as a building block in the polymer industry.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is also used as a conditioning agent, manufacture of varnishes, alkyd resins, synthetic drying oils, urethane foams and coatings, silicone lubricant oils, lactone plasticizers, textile finishes, surfactants, and epoxy products.


Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a trifunctional polyol supplied in solid form.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is soluble in water, low carbon alcohol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, partially soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether and chloroform, and insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) has strong hygroscopicity.


Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is mainly used in the production of alkyd resin, polyurethane, unsaturated resin, polyester resin, coatings, and the synthesis of aviation lubricant, printing ink, etc.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) can also be used as a heat stabilizer for textile additives and polyvinyl chloride resin.

APPLICATIONS OF TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP):
TMP is mainly consumed as a precursor to alkyd resins.
Otherwise, acrylated and alkoxylated TMP's are used as multifunctional monomers to produce various coatings, Ethoxylated and propoxylated TMP, derived condensation of from TMP and the epoxides, are used for production of flexible polyurethanes.

Allyl ether derivatives of TMP, with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OCH2CH=CH2)3-x(CH2OH)x are precursors to high-gloss coatings and ion exchange resins.
The oxetane "TMPO" is a photoinduceable polymerisation initiator.[1]
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is may also be reacted with epichlorohydrin to produce the triglycidyl ether.[2]




Trimethylolpropane (TMP) has three hydroxyl groups.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a white material in flakes.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used in saturated polyesters for coil coatings, alkyds for paints, polyurethanes for coatings and elastomers, acrylic acid esters for radiation curing, esters for synthetic lubricants, rosin esters and for surface treatment of pigments.



Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a trifunctional alcohol supplied in solid form

Adhesives and Sealants:
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used in the production of adhesive resins such as (polyurethanes polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).
Coatings:
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used as a precursor for the manufacture of resins including alkyds, saturated polyesters and polyurethanes (polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).
Due to its structure, it TMP imparts high UV and chemical resistance



Industrial Applications:
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a widely used organic chemical intermediate.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is mainly used as a raw material for polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, and high-grade coatings.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is also an essential intermediate for other resins and organics.

Its strong chemical structure enables it to help end products withstand extreme temperature changes and high mechanical stress, and has excellent UV and chemical resistance.
TMP can improve the film’s hardness, gloss, and durability when used to manufacture polyurethane and alkyd coatings.

TMP is biodegradable, non-toxic, and has been approved for use in various food contact applications.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is Used as the curing agent for polyurethane coatings/adhesives.
Synthesis of branched polyester polyol for polyurethane coatings/synthetic leather/elastomer.

Synthesis of polyether polyol as the initiator.
Production of polyurethane plastics.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is Used as the crosslinking agent of polyurethane elastomer, microcellular polyurethane plastics


Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as raw material of synthetic resin, and also used for synthetic aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is Used as a substitute for glycerin, and also used for drying oil synthesis.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is Widely used in the production of polyester and polyurethane foam, also used in the manufacture of alkyd coatings, synthetic lubricants, plasticizer, surfactant, rosin ester and explosives. Also used directly as a textile auxiliary agent and PVC resin heat stabilizer.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used in alkyd resin application, TMP can improve resin firmness, color, weather resistance, chemical resistance and sealing properties.
Have the advantages of improving the firmness, corrosion resistance and sealing performance of the resin, and have good stability to hydrolysis, pyrolysis and oxidation.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP):
Formula C 6 H 14 O 3 [Isomers]
Molar mass 1 134.173 6 ± 0.006 7 g / mol
C 53.71%, H 10.52%, O 35.77%,
Physical properties
Melting temperature 60 °C 2
Boiling temperature 295 °C 2
Volumic mass 1.084 g cm -3 2 at 20 ° C
Autoignition temperature 375 °C 2
Flash point 179 °C 2
CAS Number
77-99-6 check
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChemSpider
6264 check
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.978 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
201-074-9
MeSH C018163
PubChem CID
6510
UNII
090GDF4HBD check
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID2026448 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formula C6H14O3
Molar mass 134.17 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Odor Faint odor
Density 1.084 g/mL
Melting point 58 °C (136 °F; 331 K)
Boiling point 289 °C (552 °F; 562 K)
Molecular Weight
134.17 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
-0.8
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
134.094294304 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
134.094294304 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
60.7Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
9
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
60.4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Molecular Formula
C6H14O3
CAS
77-99-6
Appearance
White waxy flakes
Density (g/cm3)
1.176
Melting Point (℃)
59-61
Boiling Point (℃)
289-295
Flash Point (℃)
172
Viscosity (75℃)/mPa•s
157
Refractive Index (70℃)
1.4716
Appearance
Solid white flakes
Trimethylolpropane, w/% ≥
99.0
Hydroxyl, w/% ≥
37.5
Humidity, w/% ≤
0.05
Acid value (to be calculated in HCOOH), w/% ≤
0.002
Chrominance Unit / Hazen (Pt-Co color number) ≤
20
Crystallization point, / ℃ ≥
59.0


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIISOSTEARATE N° CAS : 68541-50-4 Nom INCI : TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIISOSTEARATE Nom chimique : 2-Ethyl-2-[[(1-oxoisooctadecyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl bis(isooctadecanoate) N° EINECS/ELINCS : 271-347-5 Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

DESCRIPTION:
Trioctylamine is a clear and colorless chemical compound in the group of aliphatic amines and tertiary amines.
Trioctylamine can easily soluble in chloroform.
Trioctylamine has a form of low melting crystalline mass, and Trioctylamine has the color of white to off-white.

CAS Number: 1116-76-3
EC Number: 214-242-1
IUPAC name: N,N-Di(octyl)octan-1-amine
Molecular Formula: C24H51N


PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
Chemical formula: C24H51N
Molar mass: 353.679 g•mol−1
Density: 0.81 g/cm3[1]
Melting point: −34.6 °C (−30.3 °F; 238.6 K)
Solubility in water: 0.050 mg/l
Viscosity: 7.862 mPa.s
Molecular Weight: 353.7
XLogP3-AA: 10.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 21
Exact Mass: 353.402150631
Monoisotopic Mass: 353.402150631
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2 Ų C
Heavy Atom Count: 25
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 188
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Density: 0.81 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 168 °C
Ignition temperature: 315 °C
Melting Point: -39 °C
Vapor pressure: Solubility: Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Pale yellow
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (T): min. 95%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 0.809-0.810
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.448-1.450
Water (KF): max. 0.1%
Melting point: 34 °C
Boiling point: 164-168 °C/0.7 mmHg (lit.) 365-367 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.809 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: refractive index :n20/D 1.449(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: chloroform: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Low Melting Crystalline Mass
pka: 10.08±0.50(Predicted)
Specific Gravity: 0.811 (20/4℃)
Color: White to off-white
Water Solubility: Miscible with chloroform. Immiscible with water.
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Trioctylamine is a clear colorless method and can be converted to the amine hydrochloride etherate which is recrystallized four times from diethyl ether at -30 °C.
Neutralization of this salt regenerates the free amine which distilled under high vacuum.
Trioctylamine has melting point of −34 °C; boiling point of 164-168 °C at 0.7 mmHg and 365-367 °C at 1 atm; density of 0.810 g/mL at 20 °C; refractive index of n20/D 1.449; flash point of >230 °F; storage temperature is below 30 °C.

Trioctylamine is miscible with chloroform but immiscible with water.
Trioctylamine is air sensitive.
There is a safety hazard for this chemical compound.

Trioctylamine can cause skin irritation, serious eye irritation, and respiratory irritation.
Trioctylamine can damage fertility or the unborn child and cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
Trioctylamine is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.


PRODUCTION METHOD OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
Ammoniation is carried out in the presence of aluminum trichloride catalyst using n-octanol as raw material.
The reaction is carried out in a condensation kettle, ammonia is introduced into the kettle, and the reaction is carried out at 400 ℃.
Then remove the excess n-octanol and filter out the catalyst to obtain the finished trioctylamine.
Raw material consumption (kg/t) n-octanol 1217 trialumina 685.


APPLICATION OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
Trioctylamine is used to extract organic acids such as succinic acid and acetic acid, and also precious metals.
A formulation containing metoxuron mixed with an emulsion containing trioctylamine 50%, atlox 4851 B 15%, and isopropanol 35% was active as a potato defoliant.
Trioctylamine can be used to extract monocarboxylic acid for equilibria and correlation of apparent reactive equilibrium constant.

Liquid-liquid equilibria for aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids with trioctylamine in various diluents was determined at various trioctylamine concentrations.
The loading of trioctylamine for a given carboxylic acid depends on the nature of the solute and its concentration.
The apparent extraction equilibrium constants depend on the hydrophobicity and acidity of the carboxylic acid, as well as the specific basicity of trioctylamine.
Trioctylamine production can be used as a mineral extraction reagent, an extractant for reactor fuel processing, and its use as an extractant for identification of dyes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

USES OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
Trioctylamine is used as a precious metal extractant.
In the metallurgical industry, Trioctylamine is used to extract and separate cobalt, nickel, actinides and lanthanides.
Trioctylamine is used in organic synthesis.

Trioctylamine is a heat-resistant, solvent-resistant, polymeric rubber antioxidant.
Trioctylamine is the intermediate amine extractant for synthesizing NAPM.
Trioctylamine has good extraction performance for actinides such as thorium and uranium.

Moreover, Trioctylamine can extract and separate non-ferrous metals, rare and scattered metals and platinum elements in different systems.
Trioctylamine is used in the production of phase transfer catalysts, rubber additives and corrosion inhibitors.

Trioctylamine is used as surfactant and extractant.
Tri-n-octylamine is used as an extractant for organic acids and precious metals.
Tri-n-octylamine is used as an extractant for organic acids like trichloroacetic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid and precious metals.
Trioctylamine is also used as a solvent and an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

Further, Trioctylamine is employed in the preparation of quaternary ammonium compounds, agrochemicals, surfactants, lubricant additives, corrosion inhibitors, vulcanization accelerators and dyes.
Trioctylamine is used as an extractant for organic acids (such as TCA, succinic acid, and acetic acid), and precious metals.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIETHYLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


SYNONYMS OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
MeSH Entry Terms:
tri-N-octylamine
trioctylamine
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
Trioctylamine
1116-76-3
TRI-N-OCTYLAMINE
Tricaprylamine
Tricaprylylamine
1-Octanamine, N,N-dioctyl-
Tri-n-caprylylamine
Farmin 08
Alamine 336
Alamine 336S
N,N-dioctyloctan-1-amine
Alamine 3365
Alamine 308
336S
NSC 11034
TOA
NSC-11034
I40965UY86
HSDB 5786
EINECS 214-242-1
BRN 1210618
trioctyl amine
AI3-17998
UNII-I40965UY86
Trioctylamine, 98%
1-Octanamine,N-dioctyl-
SCHEMBL36609
TRICAPRYLAMINE [HSDB]
N,N-Dioctyl-1-octanamine #
CHEMBL3222022
DTXSID3047635
WLN: 8N8&8
AMY21907
NSC11034
ZINC6920427
MFCD00009560
AKOS015915431
CS-W011849
SB83655
Trioctylamine, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
BS-14388
Trioctylamine, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
FT-0600026
FT-0655520
I0362
T0502
EN300-74244
D70441
A802393
W-108670
Q27280370
Z1167043198

Triolein is a symmetrical triglyceride derived from glycerol and three units of the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid.
Triolein, known widely as Glyceryl trioleate, is an oily liquid that is a main constituent of some nondrying oils and fats.
Triolein is also known as glyceryl trioleate and is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.

CAS Number: 122-32-7
EC Number: 204-534-7
Chemical formula: C57H104O6
Molecular Weight: 885.43

(9Z)9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 1,2,3-Tri(cis-9-octadecenoyl)glycerol, Glycerol trioleate, Glycerol triolein, Oleic acid triglyceride, Oleic triglyceride, TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)), Triolein, GLYCERYL TRIOLEATE, Glycerol trioleate, 122-32-7, Oleic triglyceride, Olein, Trioleoylglycerol, Glycerol triolein, Oleic acid triglyceride, Trioleoylglyceride, Glycerin trioleate, Oleyl triglyceride, Raoline, Glyceryl-1,2,3-trioleate, Aldo TO, Emery 2423, Olein, tri-, Emery oleic acid ester 2230, Glycerol, tri(cis-9-octadecenoate), 1,2,3-Propanetriyl trioleate, HSDB 5594, Triglyceride OOO, Edenor NHTi-G, Kaolube 190, sn-Glyceryl trioleate, 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol, Actor LO 1, Kemester 1000, UNII-O05EC62663, Emerest 2423, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, Estol 1433, Radia 7363, 1,2,3-Tri(cis-9-octadecenoyl)glycerol, 1,2,3-tri-oleoyl-glycerol, 1,2,3-Propanetriol tri(9-octandecenoate), CHEBI:53753, TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)), 2,3-bis[[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate, 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, MFCD00137563, O05EC62663, propane-1,2,3-triyl (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)tris-octadec-9-enoate, glycerine trioleate, 1,3-bis[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]propan-2-yl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate, TG 54:3, (9Z)9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, EINECS 204-534-7, CCRIS 8687, tri-Olein, 9-Octadecenoic-9,10-t2 acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (9CI), C57H104O6, triolein C18:1, Triolein, tech grade, GLYCERYLTRIOLEATE, tri(cis-9-octadecenoate), Epitope ID:117714, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, EC 204-534-7, Glyceryl trioleate, ~65% SCHEMBL23730, Glyceryl trioleate, >=99%, 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester, CHEMBL4297656, DTXSID3026988, HY-N1981, Triolein, [9,10-3H(N)]-, LMGL03010250, s3590, ZINC85545180, AKOS024437536, DB13038, Glyceryl trioleate, >=97.0% (TLC), 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol, CS-0018302, G0089, V0255, Glyceryl trioleate, technical, >=60% (GC), (Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoate, (9Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoate, Glyceryl trioleate, analytical reference material, Q413929, (9Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, J-004788, propane-1,2,3-triyl tris[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoate], AC7B54B8-0E34-455F-A1E0-442F3ECD69EA, Triolein, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))[iso], UNII-2GQR19D8A4 component PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N, UNII-4PC054V79P component PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N, (9Z)-1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester 9-Octadecenoate, (9Z)-1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)-, Triolein (18:1 TG), 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol, neat oil, (9Z)9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)Tris(-9-octadécénoate) de 1,2,3-propanetriyle, 1,2,3-Propanetriyl (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)tris(-9-octadecenoate), 1,2,3-Propantriyl-(9Z,9'Z,9''Z)tris(-9-octadecenoat), 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol, 1,2,3-Tri(cis-9-octadecenoyl)glycerol, 1,2,3-Trioleoyl Glycerol, 122-32-7, 204-534-7, 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)-, Glycerin trioleate, Glycerine trioleate, Glycerol trioleate, Glycerol triolein, Glycerol, tri(cis-9-octadecenoate), glyceryl trioleate, Glyceryl-1,2,3-trioleate, MFCD00137563, Oleic acid triglyceride, Oleic triglyceride, Olein, tri-, Propane-1,2,3-triyl (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)tris-octadec-9-enoate, Triolein, (9Z)-1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester 9-Octadecenoate, (9Z)-1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (9Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoate, (9Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (9Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoate, (Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 1,2,3-Propanetriol tri(9-octandecenoate), 1,2,3-Propanetriyl trioleate, 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol, 1,2,3-Trioleoyl-rac-glycerol, 1,3-bis[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]propan-2-yl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate, 124330-00-3, 1257300-52-9, 1-oleoyl-2-oleoyl-3-oleoyl-glycerol, 2,3-bis[[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate, 24016-60-2, 247-038-6, 25496-72-4, 41755-78-6, 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, Aldo TO, Edenor NHTi-G, GLYCERYL OLEATE, Kaolube 190, olein, Oleyl triglyceride, propane-1,2,3-triyl trioleate, propane-1,2,3-triyl tris[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoate], Raoline, sn-Glyceryl trioleate, TAG(18:1,18:1,18:1), TAG(54:3), TG(54:3), Tracylglycerol(54:3), Triglyceride, trioctadecenoin, Tri-Olein, Triolein (18:1 TG), Triolein, [9,10-3H(N)]-, trioleína, Trioleoylglyceride, Trioleoylglycerol

Triolein is derived from glycerol.
Triolein is composed of three oleic acid units and is an unsaturated triglyceride.

Triolein, known widely as Glyceryl trioleate, is an oily liquid that is a main constituent of some nondrying oils and fats.
Triolein occurs in many natural fats and oils, including sunflower oil, palm oil, cacao butter, and, most notably, olive oil.

In 1941, Thomas P. Hilditch and L. Maddison at the University of Liverpool (UK) crystallized olive oils from Italy and Palestine at temperatures down to –30 °C to resolve them into several components.
They found that olive oil from Palestine contained ≈30% triolein, whereas the Italian oil contained only ≈5%.

Eight years later, M. L. Meara, also at Liverpool, resolved cacao butter into 11 fractions “by exhaustive crystallization”.
For his efforts, only 1.1% of the fat turned out to be Triolein.
From 1940 to 1961, several chemists devised syntheses of triolein by esterifying glycerol and oleic acid.

Sacramental uses of olive oil are strongly connected to Christian and Jewish traditions, especially Hanukkah.

During the period of the Hanukkah story (168 BCE), only pure olive oil blessed by the high priest could be used to light the Temple menorah, which had to be lit continuously.
After their victorious battle over the Syrian Greeks, the Maccabees could find only enough holy oil to last for one day.
The Hanukkah miracle is that the oil lasted eight days, enough time for more oil to be prepared and sanctified.

Olive oil was the major component of anointing oils and lamp fuel that date to biblical times.
Kings were anointed with oil as a mark of their official status; and one title for Jesus is the Anointed One.
References are found throughout the Hebrew and Christian scriptures about the use of oil as part of fasting and healing rituals.

Triolein is a symmetrical triglyceride derived from glycerol and three units of the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid.
Most triglycerides are unsymmetrical, being derived from mixtures of fatty acids.
Triolein represents 4–30% of olive oil.

Triolein is also known as glyceryl trioleate and is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.

The oxidation of triolein is according to the formula:
C57H104O6 + 80 O2 → 57 CO2 + 52 H2O

This gives a respiratory quotient of 57/80 or 0.7125.
The heat of combustion is 8,389 kcal (35,100 kJ) per mole or 9.474 kcal (39.64 kJ) per gram.
Per mole of oxygen Triolein is 104.9 kcal (439 kJ).

Triolein is derived from glycerol.
Triolein is composed of three oleic acid units and is an unsaturated triglyceride.

Triolein (glycerol trielaidate, or trielaidin) is a triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with elaidic acid.

Triolein or Glyceryl trioleate is a triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid.
Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.

Triolein has a role as a plant metabolite.
Triolein derives from an oleic acid.
Triolein can be found as a clear colorless liquid.

Constituent of olive oil and other vegetable oils TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) or Triolein is a monoacid triglyceride.
Triglycerides (TGs) are also known as triacylglycerols or triacylglycerides.

TGs are fatty acid triesters of glycerol and may be divided into three general types with respect to their acyl substituents.
They are simple or monoacid if they contain only one type of fatty acid, diacid if they contain two types of fatty acids and triacid if three different acyl groups.

Chain lengths of the fatty acids in naturally occurring triglycerides can be of varying lengths and saturations but 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common.
TGs are the main constituent of vegetable oil and animal fats.

TGs are major components of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicrons, play an important role in metabolism as energy sources and transporters of dietary fat.
They contain more than twice the energy (9 kcal/g) of carbohydrates and proteins.

In the intestine, triglycerides are split into glycerol and fatty acids (this process is called lipolysis) (with the help of lipases and bile secretions), which can then move into blood vessels.
The triglycerides are rebuilt in the blood from their fragments and become constituents of lipoproteins, which deliver the fatty acids to and from fat cells among other functions.

Various tissues can release the free fatty acids and take them up as a source of energy.
Fat cells can synthesize and store triglycerides.

When the body requires fatty acids as an energy source, the hormone glucagon signals the breakdown of the triglycerides by hormone-sensitive lipase to release free fatty acids.
As the brain cannot utilize fatty acids as an energy source, the glycerol component of triglycerides can be converted into glucose for brain fuel when Triolein is broken down.

TAGs can serve as fatty acid stores in all cells, but primarily in adipocytes of adipose tissue.
The major building block for the synthesis of triacylglycerides, in non-adipose tissue, is glycerol.

Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase and so must use another route to TAG synthesis.
Specifically, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), which is produced during glycolysis, is the precursor for TAG synthesis in adipose tissue. DHAP can also serve as a TAG precursor in non-adipose tissues, but does so to a much lesser extent than glycerol.

The use of DHAP for the TAG backbone depends on whether the synthesis of the TAGs occurs in the mitochondria and ER or the ER and the peroxisomes.
The ER/mitochondria pathway requires the action of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to convert DHAP to glycerol-3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase then esterifies a fatty acid to glycerol-3-phosphate thereby generating lysophosphatidic acid.

The ER/peroxisome reaction pathway uses the peroxisomal enzyme DHAP acyltransferase to acylate DHAP to acyl-DHAP which is then reduced by acyl-DHAP reductase.
The fatty acids that are incorporated into TAGs are activated to acyl-CoAs through the action of acyl-CoA synthetases.

Two molecules of acyl-CoA are esterified to glycerol-3-phosphate to yield 1,2-diacylglycerol phosphate (also known as phosphatidic acid). The phosphate is then removed by phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP1), to generate 1,2-diacylglycerol.
This diacylglycerol serves as the substrate for addition of the third fatty acid to make TAG.

Intestinal monoacylglycerols, derived from dietary fats, can also serve as substrates for the synthesis of 1,2-diacylglycerols.
Triolein is a triglyceride and unsaturated fat formed from oleic acid.
Triolein is found in fats and oils, almond, and peach.

Applications of Triolein:

Triolein has been used:
Triolein used as an experimental diet along with fat-free basal mix and corn oil and then to access the dietary fat absorption among mice

Triolein used as an interfering substance to test Triolein effect on human serum in the approach to develop rapid enzyme immunoassay for the detection of retinol-binding protein
Triolein used as a standard in the determination of triglyceride concentration, colorimetrically using liver tissue sample from cows

Uses of Triolein:
A major component of oils and fats, e.g., olive oil.
Triolein used as lubricant (e.g. for cosmetics, drugs, and textiles), emulsifier (e.g. for water/oil mixtures), intermediate for radioactive iodine derivatives, and plasticizer.
Triolein used in sweet almond oil for medicines and cosmetics.

Industry Uses:
Intermediates
Lubricants and lubricant additives

Consumer Uses:
Lubricants and greases
Non-TSCA use

Therapeutic Uses:
The aim of this study was to identify asymptomatic boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy who have a normal magnetic resonance image (MRI), and to assess the effect of 4:1 Triolein-glyceryl trierucate (Lorenzo's oil) on disease progression.
Eighty-nine boys (mean +/- SD baseline age, 4.7 +/- 4.1 years; range, 0.2-15 years) were identified by a plasma very long-chain fatty acids assay used to screen at-risk boys.

All were treated with Lorenzo's oil and moderate fat restriction.
Plasma fatty acids and clinical status were followed for 6.9 +/- 2.7 years.

Changes in plasma hexacosanoic acid levels were assessed by measuring the length-adjusted area under the curve, and a proportional hazards model was used to evaluate association with the development of abnormal MRI results and neurological abnormalities.
Of the 89 boys, 24% developed MRI abnormalities and 11% developed both neurological and MRI abnormalities.

Abnormalities occurred only in the 64 patients who were aged 7 years or younger at the time therapy was started.
There was significant association between the development of MRI abnormalities and a plasma hexacosanoic acid increase.

(For a 0.1-ug/mL increase in the length-adjusted area under the curve for the hexacosanoic acid level, the hazard ratio for incident MRI abnormalities in the whole group was 1.36; P = .01; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.72.)
Results for patients aged 7 years or younger were similar (P = .04).

In this single-arm study, hexacosanoic acid reduction by Lorenzo's oil was associated with reduced risk of developing MRI abnormalities.
We recommend Lorenzo's oil therapy in asymptomatic boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystophy who have normal brain MRI results.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disorder of peroxisomal metabolism, biochemically characterized by deficient beta-oxidation of saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA).
The consequent accumulation of these fatty acids in different tissues and in biological fluids is associated with a progressive central and peripheral demyelination, as well as with adrenocortical insufficiency and hypogonadism.

Seven variants of this disease have been described, cerebral childhood being the most frequent.
The recommended therapy consists of the use of the glyceroltrioleate/glyceroltrierucate mixture known as Lorenzo's Oil (LO), combined with a VLCFA-poor diet, but only in asymptomatic patients will this treatment prevent the progression of the symptomatology.

In the present study we evaluated the biochemical course of patients with cerebral childhood (CCER) and asymptomatic clinical forms of X-ALD treated with LO associated with a VLCFA-restricted diet.
We observed that hexacosanoic acid plasma concentrations and hexacosanoic/docosanoic ratio were significantly reduced in CCER patients during treatment when compared with diagnosis.

Hexacosanoic acid plasma level was significantly reduced when compared with that at diagnosis and achieved the normal levels only in asymptomatic patients under LO treatment.
In asymptomatic patients the magnitude of hexacosanoic acid decrease was higher than that of the CCER patients.

These results show the good biochemical response of LO treatment in asymptomatic X-ALD patients.
Triolein is possible to suppose that this could be correlated with the prevention of the appearance of neurological signals in this group of patients treated with LO.

Investigated the possible therapeutic effect of decreasing plasma levels of very-long-chain fatty acids (C26:0) with a synthetic oil containing trioleate and trielucate (Lorenzo's oil) as well as increasing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cells (RBC) with DHA ethyl ester in four patients with Zellweger syndrome.
Investigated serial changes of plasma C26:0 levels and DHA levels in RBC membranes by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). After death, the fatty acid composition of each patient's cerebrum and liver was studied.

Dietary administration of Lorenzo's oil diminished plasma C26:0 levels.
Earlier administration of Lorenzo's oil was more effective and the response did not depend on the duration of administration.

DHA was incorporated into RBC membrane lipids when administrated orally, and Triolein level increased for several months.
The final DHA level was correlated with the duration of administration and was not related to the timing of initiation of treatment.

DHA levels in the brains and livers of treated patients were higher than in untreated patients.
Early initiation of Lorenzo's oil and the long-term administration of DHA may be useful for patients with Zellweger syndrome.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Triolein:

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion:
In the small intestine, most triglycerides are split into monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and glycerol, which are absorbed by the intestinal mucosa.
Within the epithelial cells, resynthesized triglycerides collect into globules along with cholesterol and phospholipids and are encased in a protein coat as chylomicrons.

Chylomicrons are transported in the lymph to the thoracic duct and eventually to the venous system.
The chylomicrons are removed from the blood as they pass through the capillaries of adipose tissue.
Fat is stored in adipose cells until Triolein is transported to other tissues as free fatty acids which are used for cellular energy or incorporated into cell membranes.

When (14)C-labeled long-chain triglycerides are administered intravenously, 25% to 30% of the radiolabel is found in the liver within 30 to 60 minutes, with less than 5% remaining after 24 hours.
Lesser amounts of radiolabel are found in the spleen and lungs.

After 24 hours, nearly 50% of the radiolabel has been expired in carbon dioxide, with 1% of the carbon label remaining in the brown fat.
The concentration of radioactivity in the epididymal fat is less than half that of the brown fat.

Human Metabolite Information of Triolein:

Cellular Locations:
Extracellular
Membrane

Manufacturing Methods of Triolein:
Preparation by esterification of oleic acid.

Triolein is the predominating constituent in expressed almond oil, in lard oil, & in many of the more fluid animal oils & those of vegetable origin.
Triolein is separated & purified by cold expression, the other constituents being retained by their lack of fluidity at low temp.

The triglyceride of oleic acid, occurring in most fats and oils.
Triolein constitutes 70-80% of olive oil

Reaction of refined oil, eg, olive oil, with glycerol followed by fractional distillation; reaction of oleic acid with glycerol; separation & purification from fats & oils as liquid phase by cold expression.

General Manufacturing Information of Triolein:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Transportation equipment manufacturing

Stable water-in-oil emulsions (with a high water content) for cosmetics are prepared by dissolving the neutral oil & 5-50% lecithin emulsifier at less than or equal to 70 °C, cooling to 0-12 °C, & adding water to a concentration of 50-83%.
The neutral oil can be a glycerol, such as Triolein, or propylene glycol ester of a carbon 8-12 fatty acid or isopropyl myristate.

Ecological Information of Triolein:

Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary of Triolein:
Triolein's production and use as textile lubricant and plasticizer may result in Triolein release to the environment through various waste streams.
Triolein is found in cacao butter and accounts for 70-80% of olive oil.

If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure range of 5X10-5 mm Hg to 1.1X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates triolein may exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere.
Vapor-phase triolein will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 hours.

Vapor-phase triolein will also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 0.7 hours.
Particulate-phase triolein will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition.

If released to soil, triolein is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1X10+10.
Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole; however, soil adsorption will attenuate the importance of volatilization.

14C-Labeled triolein biodegraded to CO2 at a rate of 63.5% to 84% over 140 days in a sewage sludge-amended soil, suggesting that biodegradation may occur in the soil environment.
If released into water, triolein is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc.

Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant.
Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 11 hours and 13 days, respectively.

However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column.
The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 5.1X10+5 years if adsorption is considered.

An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.
An estimated base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.15 L/mole-sec corresponds to half-lives of 1.5 years and 55 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively.

In respirometry tests, triolein had a biodegradation rate constant of 0.0025 per hour which corresponds to a half-life of 11.6 days; bioavailability was restricted due to the presence of double bonds and an autoxidation process occurring in the allylic chains resulting in the production of hydroperoxides, but the non-oxidized fractions were readily mineralized.
Occupational exposure to triolein may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triolein is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to triolein via ingestion of food products containing triolein as well as via dermal contact with consumer products containing triolein.

Stability and Reactivity of Triolein:

Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities of Triolein:
Triolein (major skin lipid) was irradiated with 300-nm ultraviolet (UV) light, and the conditions for exposure approximated those at the skin surface exposed to sunlight.
Using gas chromatography, the irradiated samples were analyzed for the presence of acrolein, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde.

The maximum amount of acrolein (1.05 nmol/mg Triolein) was formed after 6 hours of irradiation.
Maximum amounts of formaldehyde (6 nmol/mg Triolein) and acetaldehyde (2.71 nmol/mg Triolein) were formed after 12 hours of irradiation.

Disposal Methods of Triolein:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Triolein approved use or return Triolein to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Antidote and Emergency Treatment of Triolein:

Immediate first aid:
Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out.
If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained.

Perform CPR if necessary.
Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water.

Do not induce vomiting.
If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration.

Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature.
Obtain medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed).
Suction if necessary.
Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed.

Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min.
Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary.

Monitor for shock and treat if necessary.
Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary.

For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water.
Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport.

Do not use emetics.
For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool.
Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination.

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress.
Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema.

Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm.
Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary.

Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present.
For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously.

Watch for signs of fluid overload.
Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam.
Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation.

Identifiers of Triolein:
CAS Number: 122-32-7
ChEBI: CHEBI:53753
ChemSpider: 4593733
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.123
MeSH: Triolein
PubChem CID: 5497163
UNII: O05EC62663
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3026988
InChI:
InChI=1S/C57H104O6/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-34-37-40-43-46-49-55(58)61-52-54(63-57(60)51-48-45-42-39-36-33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3)53-62-56(59)50-47-44-41-38-35-32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2/h25-30,54H,4-24,31-53H2,1-3H3/b28-25-,29-26-,30-27- check
Key: PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N check
InChI=1/C57H104O6/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-34-37-40-43-46-49-55(58)61-52-54(63-57(60)51-48-45-42-39-36-33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3)53-62-56(59)50-47-44-41-38-35-32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2/h25-30,54H,4-24,31-53H2,1-3H3/b28-25-,29-26-,30-27-
Key: PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJBN
SMILES: O=C(OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC

Properties of Triolein:
Biological source: plant (sunflower)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99%
Form: oil
bp: 235-240 °C/18 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.91 g/mL (lit.)
Functional group: ester
Shipped in: ambient
Storage temp.: −20°C
SMILES string: [H]C(COC(CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)=O)(OC(CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)=O)COC(CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)=O
InChI: 1S/C57H104O6/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-34-37-40-43-46-49-55(58)61-52-54(63-57(60)51-48-45-42-39-36-33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3)53-62-56(59)50-47-44-41-38-35-32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2/h25-30,54H,4-24,31-53H2,1-3H3/b28-25-,29-26-,30-27-
InChI key: PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N

Chemical formula: C57H104O6
Molar mass: 885.432 g/mol
Appearance: Colourless viscous liquid
Density: 0.9078 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Melting point: 5 °C; 41 °F; 278 K
Boiling point: 554.2 °C; 1,029.6 °F; 827.4 K
Solubility: Chloroform 0.1g/mL

Molecular Weight: 885.4
XLogP3-AA: 22.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 53
Exact Mass: 884.78329103
Monoisotopic Mass: 884.78329103
Topological Polar Surface Area: 78.9 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 63
Complexity: 1010
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 3
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Hazards of Triolein:
Flash point: 302.6 °C (576.7 °F; 575.8 K)

Thermochemistry of Triolein:
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): 1.97*105 kJ/kmol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚): -1.8*105 kJ/kmol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 8,389 kcal (35,100 kJ) /mole

Specifications of Triolein:
Density: 0.9130g/mL
Color: Colorless to Yellow
Boiling Point: 235.0°C to 240.0°C (18.0mmHg)
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Linear Formula: (C17H33COOCH2)2CHOCOC17H33
Beilstein: 02,IV,1664
Packaging: Glass bottle
Merck Index: 15,9904
Refractive Index: 1.4680 to 1.4700
Quantity: 1mL
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: insoluble in water. Other solubilities: soluble in chloroform, ether, ccl4, slightly soluble in alcohol
Specific Gravity: 0.913
Formula Weight: 885.45
Physical Form: Liquid
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: Glycerine trioleate

Names of Triolein:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Propane-1,2,3-triyl tri[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoate]

Tripalmitin is a triglyceride composed of three palmitic acid molecules esterified to a glycerol backbone.
Tripalmitin is a white, waxy solid with a powdery texture.
Tripalmitin is odorless and tasteless.

CAS number: 555-44-2
EC number: 209-008-0



APPLICATIONS


Tripalmitin (glycerin tripalmitate) finds applications in various industries. Here are some of its key applications:

Food Industry:
Tripalmitin is used as a food additive and ingredient.
Tripalmitin functions as a texturizer, stabilizer, and emulsifier in processed foods, baked goods, confectionery, and dairy products.

Cosmetics and Skincare:
Tripalmitin is used in cosmetics and skincare products as an emollient, moisturizer, and thickening agent.
Tripalmitin helps improve the texture, spreadability, and stability of creams, lotions, lip balms, and other personal care formulations.

Pharmaceuticals:
Tripalmitin is employed in the pharmaceutical industry for various applications. It is used as a carrier for lipophilic drugs, facilitating their delivery and absorption.
Tripalmitin can be incorporated into solid oral dosage forms, transdermal patches, and suppositories.

Industrial Lubricants:
Tripalmitin is utilized in the production of industrial lubricants and metalworking fluids due to its lubricating properties.
Tripalmitin helps reduce friction and wear in machinery and improves overall performance.

Candle Making:
Tripalmitin is a common ingredient in candle making.
Tripalmitin serves as a wax component, contributing to the candle's structure, hardness, and burn characteristics.

Personal Care Products:
Tripalmitin is used in various personal care products, including lipsticks, lip balms, sunscreens, and hair care formulations.
Tripalmitin provides texture, moisturizing properties, and stability to these products.

Coatings and Polishes:
Tripalmitin can be found in coatings, polishes, and wax-based products.
Tripalmitin enhances the gloss, smoothness, and protective properties of surfaces, such as wood, leather, and metal.

Industrial Applications:
Tripalmitin is employed in industrial applications, such as mold release agents, plasticizers, and lubricant additives.
Tripalmitin helps reduce friction, improve flow, and enhance the performance of various materials and processes.

Research and Development:
Tripalmitin is commonly used in laboratories for research and development purposes.
Tripalmitin serves as a model compound to study lipid metabolism, drug delivery systems, and formulation development.

Nutraceuticals:
Tripalmitin is used in the formulation of nutraceutical products, including dietary supplements and functional foods.
Tripalmitin provides a source of energy and serves as a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins and bioactive compounds.

Animal Feed:
Tripalmitin can be incorporated into animal feed formulations as an energy source for livestock and poultry.
Tripalmitin helps improve the caloric density of the feed and supports healthy growth.

Biomedical Research:
Tripalmitin is utilized in biomedical research, particularly in lipid studies and drug delivery systems.
Tripalmitin serves as a representative model for studying triglycerides and their behavior in biological systems.

Microencapsulation:
Tripalmitin is employed in microencapsulation techniques to protect sensitive ingredients, such as flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceutical compounds.
Tripalmitin helps enhance stability, control release, and improve the shelf life of encapsulated substances.

Fuel Additive:
Tripalmitin can be used as a renewable fuel additive in biodiesel production.
Its chemical structure and properties make it suitable for blending with biodiesel fuels, improving their combustion characteristics.

Analytical Chemistry:
Tripalmitin is utilized in analytical chemistry as a calibration standard for various instrumental techniques, such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Tripalmitin helps validate and quantify analytical measurements.

Surfactant Systems:
Tripalmitin is sometimes employed as a surfactant or emulsifier in formulations.
Tripalmitin aids in the formation and stabilization of emulsions, foams, and dispersed systems.

Nanotechnology:
Tripalmitin is explored in nanotechnology applications, including nanoparticle synthesis and drug delivery systems.
Tripalmitin can be used as a matrix material or a component in nanoparticle formulations.

Bioplastics:
Tripalmitin is investigated as a potential ingredient in biodegradable and renewable bioplastics.
Its compatibility with other biopolymers offers possibilities for environmentally friendly packaging materials.

Veterinary Medicine:
Tripalmitin may have applications in veterinary medicine, such as in the formulation of animal pharmaceuticals, topical preparations, and nutritional supplements.


Tripalmitin is widely used as a texturizer, stabilizer, and emulsifier in processed foods, contributing to their texture and stability.
Tripalmitin is commonly found in baked goods, confectionery, margarine, and other food products.

Tripalmitin serves as an energy source in animal feed, providing essential calories for livestock and poultry.
In the cosmetics industry, tripalmitin acts as an emollient, enhancing the moisturizing properties of skincare products.
Tripalmitin is a key ingredient in lip balms, lipsticks, and moisturizing creams.
Tripalmitin is employed in the pharmaceutical field as a carrier for lipophilic drugs, aiding their absorption and bioavailability.

Tripalmitin is utilized in transdermal patches, solid oral dosage forms, and suppositories.
Tripalmitin is an essential component in industrial lubricants, improving the performance and durability of machinery.
Tripalmitin helps reduce friction, wear, and heat generation in moving parts.
Candle manufacturers use tripalmitin as a primary ingredient in wax formulations, enabling the production of high-quality candles with desirable burning characteristics.
Tripalmitin contributes to the hardness, structure, and fragrance retention of candles.

Tripalmitin finds application in the formulation of coatings and polishes, providing gloss, protection, and ease of application.
Tripalmitin is used in the production of wood polishes, leather conditioners, and metal protective coatings.
Tripalmitin is employed in the creation of industrial mold release agents, ensuring smooth and efficient mold release in manufacturing processes.
Tripalmitin acts as a plasticizer in certain materials, enhancing their flexibility and workability.

Tripalmitin is utilized in research and development as a model compound for studying lipid metabolism, drug delivery systems, and formulation development.
Tripalmitin is a valuable tool in lipid and bioactive compound studies.

Tripalmitin is employed in microencapsulation techniques to protect sensitive ingredients, such as flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceutical compounds.
Tripalmitin helps enhance stability, control release, and improve the shelf life of encapsulated substances.

Tripalmitin can serve as a renewable fuel additive in biodiesel production, improving the combustion properties of biodiesel fuels.
Tripalmitin aids in reducing emissions and enhancing the overall performance of biodiesel.
Analytical chemists utilize tripalmitin as a calibration standard in gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for accurate quantification of compounds.
Tripalmitin acts as a surfactant in formulations, aiding in the formation and stabilization of emulsions and foams.

Tripalmitin finds applications in nanotechnology, serving as a matrix material or component in nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery and other applications.
Veterinary medicine explores the use of tripalmitin in animal pharmaceuticals, topical preparations, and nutritional supplements.
Tripalmitin is used as a coating material in the production of confectionery items like chocolates and candy coatings, providing a smooth and glossy finish.

Tripalmitin acts as a binding agent in the manufacturing of tablets and pills, ensuring the cohesive integrity of the dosage forms.
Tripalmitin is employed in the production of nutritional supplements, particularly those containing fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids.
Tripalmitin serves as a source of energy in energy bars and sports nutrition products.
Tripalmitin is utilized in the production of emulsified meat products such as sausages and processed meats, helping improve their texture and juiciness.

Tripalmitin is used in the formulation of dairy products like ice cream and whipped toppings to provide stability, smoothness, and enhanced mouthfeel.
Tripalmitin finds application in the production of bakery products like cookies and pastries, contributing to their texture, mouthfeel, and shelf life.
Tripalmitin is employed in the creation of cosmetic powders and pressed powders, enhancing their smoothness, adhesion, and blendability.

Tripalmitin is used as a film-forming agent in cosmetic and personal care products, providing a protective barrier on the skin or hair.
Tripalmitin finds application in the production of solid perfumes and fragrance sticks, ensuring the controlled release of fragrance over time.
Tripalmitin is utilized in the formulation of liposomal drug delivery systems, enabling the targeted and controlled release of therapeutic compounds.

Tripalmitin is explored in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a scaffold material for cell growth and tissue regeneration.
Tripalmitin is employed in the creation of biodegradable packaging materials, reducing the environmental impact of plastic waste.
Tripalmitin is used as a lubricant in various industries, including automotive, manufacturing, and machinery, to reduce friction and wear.

Tripalmitin is employed in the production of adhesive tapes, providing adhesion and smooth unwinding properties.
Tripalmitin is used as a component in hair care products like conditioners and serums, providing nourishment, shine, and manageability.
Tripalmitin finds application in the formulation of sunscreens and sun protection products, aiding in the dispersion and stability of UV filters.

Tripalmitin is utilized in the creation of pet care products like shampoos and conditioners, offering moisturizing and nourishing benefits to animal fur and skin.
Tripalmitin is explored in the field of drug delivery systems for targeted and sustained release of therapeutic compounds in cancer treatment.
Tripalmitin finds application in the creation of bio-based lubricants and greases, providing effective lubrication while reducing environmental impact.
Tripalmitin is used in the production of nutritional infant formulas, contributing to the energy content and nutritional profile of the product.

Tripalmitin is employed in the creation of high-performance coatings for applications in aerospace, marine, and industrial sectors, providing protection against corrosion and wear.
Tripalmitin finds application in the formulation of solid-state phase change materials, used for thermal energy storage and management in various industries.
Tripalmitin is utilized in the production of dietary supplements for weight management, as it provides a source of long-lasting energy.
Tripalmitin is explored in the field of gene delivery systems, offering a potential carrier for the delivery of genetic material in gene therapy applications.



DESCRIPTION


Tripalmitin, also known as glycerin tripalmitate, is a chemical compound classified as a triglyceride.
Tripalmitin is formed by the esterification of glycerol (also called glycerin) with three molecules of palmitic acid.
Its chemical formula is C₅₃H₁₀₀O₆, and its molecular weight is approximately 853.43 g/mol.

Tripalmitin is a solid substance that appears as a white or off-white powder or crystalline material.
Tripalmitin is odorless and insoluble in water.
However, Tripalmitin is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and ether.

This triglyceride is naturally found in various fats and oils, including palm oil and animal fats.
Tripalmitin serves as an energy storage molecule in organisms and is a major component of dietary fats.
Tripalmitin is commonly used in the food industry as a fat source, emulsifier, and stabilizer.
Tripalmitin is also employed in the formulation of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products due to its desirable properties as an emollient and thickening agent.

Tripalmitin is a triglyceride composed of three palmitic acid molecules esterified to a glycerol backbone.
Tripalmitin is a white, waxy solid with a powdery texture.
Tripalmitin is odorless and tasteless.
Tripalmitin has a melting point around 63-65 degrees Celsius.

The compound is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Tripalmitin is derived from natural sources such as palm oil and animal fats.

Tripalmitin is commonly found in dietary fats and oils.
Tripalmitin serves as an energy reservoir in living organisms.
Tripalmitin is a major constituent of many food products.

Tripalmitin acts as a natural emollient, providing moisturizing properties to skincare products.
Tripalmitin has a long shelf life and is resistant to oxidation.
Tripalmitin is stable under normal storage and handling conditions.
Tripalmitin has low volatility, making it suitable for various formulations.

Tripalmitin is used as a thickening agent in cosmetics and personal care products.
Tripalmitin helps improve the texture and consistency of formulations.
Tripalmitin is widely utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for drug delivery systems.
Tripalmitin can serve as a carrier for lipophilic drugs.

Tripalmitin has good compatibility with many active ingredients.
Tripalmitin exhibits excellent stability in different formulations and environments.
Tripalmitin is biodegradable and poses minimal environmental impact.
Tripalmitin is an FDA-approved ingredient for various food applications.
Tripalmitin contributes to the smoothness and mouthfeel of food products.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C51H98O6
Molecular Weight: 807.36 g/mol
Appearance: White to off-white solid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 63-65°C (145-149°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, acetone)

Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C3H5(C16H31O2)3
Chemical Structure: Tripalmitin is a triglyceride consisting of glycerol linked to three palmitic acid molecules.
Lipid Type: Saturated triglyceride
Hydrophobicity: Tripalmitin is hydrophobic (water-insoluble) due to its long hydrocarbon chains.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If tripalmitin particles or dust are inhaled, remove the affected person to a well-ventilated area.
If respiratory symptoms develop, such as coughing or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.
Provide supportive care, such as fresh air, rest, and reassurance.


Skin Contact:

In case of contact with tripalmitin on the skin, immediately remove contaminated clothing.
Gently wipe or blot away any excess tripalmitin from the skin surface.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with mild soap and water.
If skin irritation, redness, or rash occurs and persists, seek medical advice.
Apply a suitable skin moisturizer or emollient to help alleviate dryness or discomfort.


Eye Contact:

In the event of contact with tripalmitin in the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring thorough rinsing of the eye surfaces.
If wearing contact lenses, remove them during the rinsing process.
Seek immediate medical attention and bring the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or product container for reference.


Ingestion:

If tripalmitin is accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water to remove any residual product.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person.
Seek immediate medical attention, and provide the healthcare professional with relevant information, including the quantity and time of ingestion.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling tripalmitin, wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, to minimize the risk of skin contact and eye irritation.

Ventilation:
Ensure proper ventilation in the working area to prevent the buildup of airborne particles or vapors.

Avoid Heat Sources: Keep tripalmitin away from open flames, sparks, and direct heat sources, as it may melt or ignite at high temperatures.

Prevent Contamination:
Take precautions to prevent cross-contamination with incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agents or reactive chemicals.

Good Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling tripalmitin, especially before eating, drinking, or smoking.


Storage:

Store in a Cool, Dry Place:
Keep tripalmitin containers tightly closed in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area to prevent moisture absorption and degradation.

Temperature Control:
Maintain storage temperatures below the melting point of tripalmitin (approximately 63-65°C or 145-149°F) to ensure its solid-state and prevent product degradation.

Protect from Light:
Store tripalmitin in opaque containers or areas protected from direct sunlight or strong UV radiation, as exposure to light may lead to color changes or degradation.

Segregation:
Store tripalmitin away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and reactive substances to prevent potential chemical reactions.

Keep Away from Ignition Sources:
Store tripalmitin away from ignition sources, such as open flames, sparks, or heat-producing equipment, to minimize the risk of fire hazards.

Proper Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the product name, batch number, date of receipt, and any relevant hazard information.



SYNONYMS


Glycerol tripalmitate
Glycerin tripalmitate
Glyceryl tripalmitate
Palmitin triglyceride
Glyceryl palmitate triester
Tripalmitin glyceride
Triglyceride of palmitic acid
Palmitic acid triglyceride
Palm oil glyceride
Glyceryl ester of palmitic acid
Glycerol ester of palmitic acid
Glyceryl palmitate
Palmitin
Palmitic triglyceride
Glycerol palmitate
Palmitoyl glycerol
Palmitic acid ester of glycerol
Tripalmitin ester
Glyceryl palmitin
Palmitate ester of glycerol
Glyceride of palmitic acid
Trihexadecanoin
1,2,3-Trihexadecanoylglycerol
1-Palmitoyl-2,3-dipalmitin
Hexadecanoic acid ester with glycerol
Tripalmitoylglycerol
Glycerol palmitate ester
Glyceryl palmitate triglyceride
Palmitic acid glycerol ester
1,2,3-Propanetriyl palmitate
Glycerol tris(hexadecanoate)
Triglycerol palmitate
1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl hexadecanoate
Palmitic acid glyceride
Hexadecanoyl glycerol
Glycerol trihexadecanoate
Tris(hexadecanoyloxy)methyl propane
Glycerin tris(palmitate)
Tri(hexadecanoyl)glycerol
Glycerol trihexadecanoate
Tris(palmitoyloxy)methyl propane
1,3-Bis(hexadecanoyloxy)propan-2-yl palmitate
Glycerol 1,2,3-tripalmitate
Palmitic acid glyceryl ester
1,2,3-Tri(hexadecanoyloxy)propane
Tris(hexadecanoyloxy)methylpropane
Glycerin tris(palmitin)
Trihexadecyl glycerol
1,2,3-Tri(hexadecanoyloxy)propane
Hexadecyl 1,2,3-tripalmitate
Triglycerol palmitate
Glyceryl palmitate tripalmitate
Trihexadecanoyl glycerol
Glycerol trihexadecanoate
Hexadecyl palmitate
Glycerol tris(hexadecanoic acid ester)
Glycerol tripalmitate ester
1,2,3-Propanetriyl palmitate
Tris(hexadecanoyl)glycerol
Trihexadecylglycerol
Hexadecanoate ester of glycerol
1,2,3-Trihexadecanoylglycerol
Glycerin trihexadecanoate
Glycerol tris(palmitic acid ester)
Trihexadecyl glyceryl ester
Hexadecanoate glycerol ester
Glycerol 1,2,3-trihexadecanoate
Tris(palmitoyloxy)methylpropane
1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl palmitate
1,3-Bis(hexadecanoyloxy)propan-2-yl palmitate
Hexadecyl 1,2,3-trihexadecanoate
Glycerin tris(palmitoyl ester)
1,2,3-Tri(hexadecanoyloxy)propane
Trihexadecanoyl glyceryl ester
Glycerol trihexadecanoylate

T 309; tris(phe;NSC 57867; TRIPHENYLTHIOPHOSPHATE; T 309 (antiwear additive); Triphenyl Phosphorothioate; O,O,O-Triphenylthiophosphat; Triphenoxyphosphine sulfide; TRIPHENYL PHOSPHOROTHIONATE; O,O,O-Triphenyl thiophosphate CAS NO:597-82-0

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is colorless, crystalline powder with a phenol-like odor.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has a role as a flame retardant and a plasticiser.


CAS Number: 115-86-6
EC Number: 204-112-2
MDL number: MFCD00003031
Linear Formula: (C6H5O)3PO
Chemical formula: C18H15O4P



SYNONYMS:
triphenylphosphate, phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, disflamoll tp, triphenoxyphosphine oxide, celluflex tpp, phosflex tpp, trifenylfosfat, phenyl phosphate pho 3po, phosphoric acid triphenyl ester, trifenylfosfat czech, TPP, TPPA, Tripheyl phosphate, TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP), PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIPHENYL ESTER, Phosflex TPP, Triphenyl hosphate, Altal, Dymel, Wako TPP, Phosphoric acid,triphenyl ester, Celluflex TPP, Triphenyl phosphate, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, Disflamoll TP, TP, Phosflex TPP, TPP, TPPA, Reofos TPP, S 4, S 4 (phosphate), TTP, Sumilizer TPP, Wako TPP, NSC 57868, Phoscon FR 903N, TFF, WSFR-TPP, Triphenol phosphate, TTP (triphenyl phosphate), DHPF 005, Antioxidant TTP, UN 3077, Disflamoll TPP, FR 3031, 402955-02-6, Triphenyl phosphate, TPP, Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, Celluflex TPP, Disflamoll TP, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Phosflex TPP, Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, TP, Trifenylfosfat, Altal, Dymel, Kronitex TPP, Phenyl phosphate, Triphenyl phosphoric acid ester, NSC 57868, TPhP, Triphénylphosphate, Trifenilfosfato, TPP, Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, Celluflex TPP, Disflamoll TP, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Phosflex TPP, Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, TP, Trifenylfosfat, Altal, Kronitex TPP, Phenyl phosphate, Triphenyl phosphoric acid ester, NSC 57868, phenyl phosphate, TPP, triphenyl ester of phosphoric acid, Celluflex TPP, Disflamoll TP, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Phosflex TPP, Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, TP (VAN), TPP, Trifenylfosfat [Czech], Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, Triphenyl phosphate, Triphenylphosphate, [ChemIDplus], phenyl phosphate, TPP, Phosphoric acid triphenyl ester, triphenyl phosphoric acid ester, celluflex tpp, TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, 115-86-6, Triphenylphosphate, Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, Disflamoll TP, Celluflex TPP, Phosflex TPP, Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, Trifenylfosfat, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Phosphoric Acid Triphenyl Ester, NSC 57868, TPPA, CCRIS 4888, HSDB 2536, UNII-YZE19Z66EA, EINECS 204-112-2, YZE19Z66EA, BRN 1888236, DTXSID1021952, CHEBI:35033, AI3-04491, NSC-57868, Triphenyl phosphoric acid ester, DTXCID201952, EC 204-112-2, 4-06-00-00720 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Triphenyl Phosphate 1000 microg/mL in Acetone, Triphenyl phosphate 10 microg/mL in Ethyl acetate, Trifenylfosfat [Czech], Triphenyl phosphate 500 microg/ml in Methyl-tert-butyl ether, Reofos TPP, CAS-115-86-6, TPHP, C18H15O4P, Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP), Altal, Kronitex TPP, Reolube TPP, Reomol TPP, TPP; TPHP, NCIOpen2_007435, Triphenyl Phosphate, Reagent, SCHEMBL18116, Phenyl phosphate, (PhO)3PO, BIDD, , Triphenyl phosphate, >=99%, CHEMBL454511, TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE [MI], WLN: ROPO & OR & OR, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP, TPhP), TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE [HSDB], NSC57868, Tox21_201511, Tox21_300504, MFCD00003031, STL280499, AKOS015888630, Triphenyl phosphate, analytical standard, NCGC00164033-01, NCGC00164033-02, NCGC00164033-03, NCGC00254408-01, NCGC00260671-01, AC-19461, CS-0017793, NS00010271, P0272, A803498, Q418573, J-003328, Triphenyl phosphate, TraceCERT(R), 31P-qNMR Standard, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) 500 microg/mL in Methyl tert-butyl ether



Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a solid phosphate ester which imparts good flame retardance to a large number of polymers.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a clear liquid, used as a performance additive to improve the colour and clarity of alkyd resin, unsaturated polyester resin and various industrial oils during their manufacture.


The manufacture of various resins involves the use of high temperatures, usually in excess of 150° C.
At these temperature the reaction mass tends to get coloured due to oxidation.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), n°115-86-6 is determined by GC-MS. Sample material must be taken using special equipment.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is found in the photography industry. It is also a fire retardant.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a solid phosphate ester which imparts good flame retardance to a large number of polymers.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is an aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has a role as a flame retardant and a plasticiser.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is functionally related to a phenol.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a colorless, crystalline solid widely and safely used by many industries around the world.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) provides many benefits to consumer products – from preventing electrical and automobile fires to increasing flexibility and durability of such products as photographic films.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is colorless, crystalline powder with a phenol-like odor.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is one of many chemical compounds that are part of multicomponent substances based on phosphorus esters.
Due to the adverse effects of this chemical compound on the environment, low Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) solutions are required in some applications.
Following the requirements of the market and in the interests of human health and environmental health, the PCC Group has developed a technology to obtain phosphorus esters with low levels of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP).


This group of chemicals includes products bearing the sign “Low TPP”.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) available as white flake or crystal.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) acts as a flame retardant, non-flammable plasticizer or additive in cellulose for photographic film, polyester and polyurethane.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) exhibits insolubility in water and solubility in benzene, chloroform, ether and acetone.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a colorless solid.
The primary uses for Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) are as a flame retardant or solvent in chemical and plastics manufacturing.


Information from the 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) for Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) indicates the reported production volume is between 1 million and 10 million lbs/year (manufacture and import).
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), in the form of a white, odorless crystalline powder, is a flame-retardant plasticizer.


Its crystallization point begins above 47 degrees Celsius, and Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) contains less than .1 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a non-halogen flame retardant plasticizer.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is present as a white flaky crystal.


Compatible with phenolic resins, cellulose resin, vinyl resin and rubber, and some engineering plastics such as PPO.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is the chemical compound with the formula OP(OC6H5)3.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is the simplest aromatic organophosphate.


This colourless solid, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), is the ester (triester) of phosphoric acid and phenol.
Nail polish has received particular interest as a source of exposure to Triphenyl phosphate (TPP).
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) appears as colorless crystals.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is an aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has a role as a flame retardant and a plasticiser.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is functionally related to a phenol.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is an organophosphate flame retardant.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is part of the group of Non-Halogenated Aromatic Phosphates.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is part of the group of Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs).


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a chemical compound in the form of a colourless solid.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is the ester (triester) of phosphoric acid and phenol.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 tonnes per annum.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can be used as flame retardant plasticizer for cellulose resin, vinyl resin, natural rubber and synthetic rubber, with low flame retardant efficiency, excellent mechanical retention, transparency, softness and strong toughness.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in nitrocellulose, various coatings, rigid polyurethane foam plastics, engineering plastics plasticizers, and flame retardant additives.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is mainly used as a flame retardant plasticizer for engineering plastics and phenolic resin laminates;
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as softener of synthetic rubber and raw material of trimethyl phosphate;
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as a plasticizer, fire-retardant, and substitute for camphor in celluloid; also used in lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) acts as an anti-oxidant and prevents colour formation of the finished product, as a result of which better quality resins are obtained.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used paint, Coating, Ink


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as stabilizer
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used polymers (including) Adhesives, Styrenics, Engineering, Thermoplastics, Polymers.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used to regulate Viscosity and improve colour stability


Polyolefins: Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as catalyst
Polyurethane hot melt adhesives, SBR Rubber, Epoxies
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used to prevent scorching during curing and improve colour stability


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a commonly used flame retardant and plasticizer in various industries.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used for this analysis, the lab adopts the following method: Inhouse.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used Flame Retardants, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Plasticizers


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as flame retardant and processing aid in cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate and vinyl copolymer compounds which are used in moulding applications.
Other important applications of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) are coatings based on nitrocellulose, phenolic resins, ABS/PC and HIPS/PPE compounds.


Studies support the safe use of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) in its different applications.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in some nail polish and nail enamels, basecoats and undercoats, and manicuring products.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in very low concentrations, primarily to increase the flexibility and durability of nail polish products, and improve adhesion of the product to the nail plate.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is known as a product with manifold fields of applications regarding its qualities in particular as a flame retardant.
One primary use of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is as a flame retardant in phenolic- and phenylene oxide-based resins for the manufacture of electrical and automobile components, for auto upholstery, and as a nonflammable plasticizer in cellulose acetate for photographic films.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has also been used to impregnate roofing paper.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) occurs as a plasticizer in various lacquers and varnishes, and as a component of lubricating oil and hydraulic fluids.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the insecticidal composition.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used in hydraulic liquids, and adhesives, inks, coatings, as a plasticizer in lacquers and varnishes, and as a substitute for camphor in celluloid materials to make the latter stable and fireproof.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can be used in coatings, nitrocellulose applications, and rigid polyurethane foams.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in many plastics and resins (such as phenolic resin, cellulose resin, epoxy resin, PVC, PP, PC, ABS and PC/ABS).
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as an internal standard in the screening and quantification of agrochemical residues in vegetables and fruits.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in plastic processing and molding of plastic flow and performance.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as an internal standard in the screening and quantification of agrochemical residues in vegetables and fruits.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in plastic processing and molding of plastic flow and performance.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as a plasticiser in a wide variety of fields and objects.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used as a flame retardant for certain materials including electronic equipment, PVC, hydraulic fluids, glues, nail polishes and moulding resins.
To be effective as a flame retardant, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) acts as follows: phosphoric acid is formed during thermal decomposition.


This reacts to form pyrophosphoric acid.
In Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)'s condensed phase, pyrophosphoric acid acts to block heat transfer.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is active in the gas phase.


The gradual phase-out of PBDEs may explain the increased use of triphenyl phosphate.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has been added as a flame retardant to a variety of products, such as foam used in upholstered furniture, children’s products, and electronic equipment.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used in some nail polish and as an additive to increase the durability and flexibility of some plastics.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used as a plasticizer in lacquers, varnishes, and hydraulic fluids.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has been used widely as a flame retardant and plasticizer.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has been used as a flame retardant for a variety of materials, including electronic equipment, PVC, hydraulic fluids, glues, in nail polishes, and casting resins.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)'s mechanism of action as a flame retardant is as follows: first, during thermal decomposition, phosphoric acid is formed.



This reacts to form pyrophosphoric acid, which, when in Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)'s condensed phase, acts to block heat transfer.
One of the most effective flame retardants for certain polymers, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is only active as an additive flame retardant in its gas phase.
Phase out of PBDEs may have increased the use of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) in recent years.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as a plasticizer and a fire retardant in a wide variety of settings and products.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).


Other release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and laboratory chemicals.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.


Other release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following products: polymers and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following products: polymers.


Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, textile, leather or fur, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.


Release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles.
Release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.



CONDITIONS OF USE OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
In the final scope, EPA identified conditions of use associated with the importing; processing; distribution in commerce; industrial, commercial and consumer uses; and disposal of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), for example:

*The flame retardant is processed as a reactant, incorporated into a formulation, mixture, or reaction products, and incorporated into articles;
*Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is reportedly used in commercial paints and coatings and for plastic and rubber products; and
*Several consumer uses were reported, including foam seating and bedding products.
*The above listed conditions of use are ways that a person or the environment could be potentially exposed to this chemical.



PREPARTION OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is prepared by reacting phosphorus pentoxide and phenol, or by reacting phosphorus oxychloride and phenol.
On a larger scale phosphorus oxychloride and phenol are reacted in an esterification tank with heating.
The HCL formed is trapped and condensed, while the crude Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) runs into a large tank where it is purified.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Organophosphates, such as Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.



PREPARTION OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is prepared by the SN2 reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and phenol.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a colorless crystalline powder with a faint, phenol-like odor.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is practically insoluble in water at 1.9 × 10 7 mg/l at 24 °C.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is very soluble in carbon tetrachloride and is soluble in most lacquers, solvents, thinners, and oils, as well as in alcohol, benzene, ether, chloroform, and acetone.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) begins to decompose at about 600 °C in inert gas, and in a large excess of air, complete combustion to carbon dioxide occurs in the range 800–900 °C.
Hydrolysis of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) occurs very slowly in acidic or neutral solutions, but occurs rapidly in alkaline solutions.



CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
When an aqueous solution containing Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) (0.1 mg/L) and chlorine (3 to 1,000 mg/L) was stirred in the dark at 20 °C for 24 h, the benzene ring was substituted with one to three chlorine atoms.
The reported hydrolysis half-lives at pH values of 8.2 and 9.5 were 7.5 and 1.3 d, respectively.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) decomposes at temperatures greater than 410 °C



SOLUBILITY OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) reacts with water.



NOTES OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is incompatible with oxidizing agents and moisture.
Store Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) under dry inert gas.
Protect Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) from humidity and water.



FEATURES OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)is useful for plastic, which is of cellulose ester radical, and it is insoluble in gas, nonflammable and it has good light stability.

Plastic uses of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP): Acrylonitrile, butadienestyrene copolymer, acetate fibre, cellulose nitrate, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyolepine, polyaminoester (PU soft).

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) noncombustable substitute for camphor in celluloid.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used plasticizer in plastics (e.g., cellulose acetate) lacquers, varnishes, etc.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used in impregnating roofing paper.



TRANSPORTATION PRECAUTIONS OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
1. The package of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) shall be complete and the loading shall be safe.
During transportation, ensure that containers do not leak, collapse, fall or damage.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is strictly prohibited to mix with oxidant and transport.
During transportation, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) shall be protected from sun exposure, rain and high temperature;


2. Storage precautions:
store Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) in a cool and ventilated warehouse.
Keep away from fire and heat.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) should be stored separately from the oxidant, avoiding mixed storage.
Fire fighting equipment of corresponding variety and quantity shall be provided.
The storage area shall be equipped with appropriate materials to contain the leakage.



SOLUBILITY OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is insoluble in water, easily hydrolyzed to free phenol in case of moisture, soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, benzene and acetone, which has absorption effect on ultraviolet rays.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Molar Mass: 326.288 g·mol⁻¹
Molecular Weight: 326.3 g/mol
Exact Mass: 326.07079595 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 326.07079595 g/mol
Physical Properties
Appearance: Colorless solid
Density: 1.184 g/mL
Melting Point: 48 to 50 °C (118 to 122 °F; 321 to 323 K)
Boiling Point: 244 °C (471 °F; 517 K) at 10 mmHg
Vapor Pressure: 1 mmHg at 193 °C
Chemical Characteristics
XLogP3: 4.6

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Topological Polar Surface Area: 44.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 23
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 325
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

CAS Number: 115-86-6
EC Number: 204-112-2
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Chemical Formula: (C₆H₅O)₃PO
Molar Mass: 326.29 g/mol
HS Code: 2919 90 30
Physical Properties
Physical State: Flakes
Color: White
Odor: No data available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 48 - 50 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 220 °C (5 hPa)
Density: 1.2 g/cm³ (50 °C)
Relative Density: 1.21 at 50 °C

Bulk Density: 650 kg/m³
Flash Point: 220 °C (closed cup)
Ignition Temperature: >500 °C
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: No data available (kinematic and dynamic)
Water Solubility: 0.0019 g/L at 20 °C (slightly soluble)
Vapor Pressure: 1.73 hPa at 200 °C; 0.1 hPa at 150 °C
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): log Pow: 4.63 at 20 °C (Potential bioaccumulation)
Additional Properties
Refractive Index: 1.563 at 50 °C

Specific Gravity: 1.185-1.202
Acid Value: ≤0.1 mg KOH/g
Free Phenol: ≤50 mg/kg
Water Content: ≤0.1%
Color (APHA): ≤80
Phosphorus Content: 9.5% (calculated)
Hazen Color Value: ≤50 (in melt)
Log Pow: 4.6 at 20 °C
Safety and Stability
Flammability: Combustible Solid
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C

Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
General Information
Chemical Name: Phosphoric acid triphenyl ester; Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP)
CAS Number: 115-86-6
EINECS Number: 204-112-2
Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Molecular Weight: 326.29 g/mol
Physical Properties
Appearance: White flakes or pellets; colorless crystal powder or needles
Color (APHA): ≤ 80
Odor: Odorless

Density: 1.205 g/cm³ at 50 °C; 1.185-1.202 (specific gravity)
Refractive Index: 1.555 at 50 °C; 1.550
Melting Point: 48-50 °C
Freezing Point: 48-50 °C
Boiling Point: 245 °C at 11 mmHg
Flash Point: 220 °C (428 °F) - closed cup
Viscosity at 50 °C: 11 mPa·s
Chemical Characteristics
Acid Value: ≤ 0.1 mg KOH/g; ≤ 0.05 mg KOH/g (specific grades)
Free Phenol: ≤ 50 mg/kg; 0.03 MAX
Water Content: ≤ 0.1%
Phosphorus Content: 9.5% (calculated)

Solubility and Stability
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Storage Conditions: 2-8 °C
Hazen Color Value: ≤ 50 (in melt)
Additional Information
Content: ≥ 99.0%
Flash Point (cc): 220 °C
Molecular Weight: 326.28-326.29 g/mol
Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Molecular Weight: 326.28300 g/mol
Exact Mass: 326.28 g/mol

CAS Number: 115-86-6
EC Number: 204-112-2
HS Code: 2919 90 30
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless crystals or flakes
Color: White (Colorless to faint yellow in some formulations)
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.2055 g/cm³ at 50 °C
Specific Gravity: 1.268 at 50 °C; 1.180-1.186 at 25 °C
Melting Point: 49-50 °C
Boiling Point: 245 °C at 11 mmHg (lit.)
Flash Point: 220 °C (428 °F) - closed cup

Refractive Index: 1.563 (at 50 °C), 1.580-1.589 (at 25 °C)
Water Solubility: Insoluble (0.0019 g/L at 20 °C)
Vapor Pressure: 1.3 mm Hg at 200 °C
Vapor Density: 1.19 (Air = 1)
Flammability: Combustible Solid
Chemical Characteristics:
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): 4.6
Topological Polar Surface Area (PSA): 54.57 Ų
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Safety and Storage:

Storage Conditions: 2-8 °C
Autoignition Temperature: >500 °C
Stability: Stable
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
Solubility:
Solvents: Benzene, chloroform, ether, acetone, lacquers, solvents, thinners, oil
Additional Information:
Phosphorus Content: 9.8-10.1%
Acidic Value: ≤ 0.5 mg KOH/g
Freezing Point: 22-24 °C
Chemical Name: Phosphoric acid triphenyl ester; Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP)
Chemical Name: Triphenyl phosphate

CAS Number: 115-86-6
EC Number: 204-112-2
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Chemical Formula: (C₆H₅O)₃PO
Molecular Weight: 326.3 g/mol
Formula Weight: 326.29 g/mol
HS Code: 2919 90 30
Physical Properties
Appearance: Colorless, crystalline powder with a phenol-like odor
Color: White
Physical State: Flakes
Odor: Odorless

Melting Point/Freezing Point: 48 - 52 °C (118 - 124 °F)
Boiling Point: 244 - 250 °C (473 °F at 11 mmHg)
Density: 1.2055 g/cm³ (1.184 g/mL at 50 °C)
Specific Gravity: 1.185 - 1.202
Flash Point: 220 - 435 °F (220 °C to 433 °F)
Vapor Pressure: 1 - 1.73 hPa (1 mmHg at 193-200 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.550 - 1.563
Vapor Density: 11.3 (vs air)
Viscosity: 11 mm²/s at 50 °C
Henry's Law Constant: 5.88 at 20 °C (approximate)
Water Solubility: 0.0019 g/L at 20 °C (insoluble)
Storage Temperature: Store below +30°C

Chemical Properties
XLogP3: 4.6
Topological Polar Surface Area (PSA): 44.8 Ų
Log Pow: 4.6 at 20 °C
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Complexity: 325
Defined/Undefined Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Safety and Regulations
UN Number: UN3077
Beilstein Reference: 1888236
Merck Index: 14,9742
TLV-TWA Exposure Limit: 3 mg/m³ (ACGIH, OSHA, NIOSH)
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
FDA UNII: YZE19Z66EA
EPA Substance Registry System: Triphenyl phosphate (115-86-6)
EWG's Food Scores: 5
Additional Information
InChIKey: XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 115-86-6
BRN: 1888236



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE = TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE = TPC


CAS Number: 6100-05-6
EC-Number : 212-755-5
MDL number: MFCD00150442
E Number: E332
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C6H5K3O7 · xH2O / C6H7K3O8


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is odorless with a saline taste.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate contains 38.3% potassium by mass.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is white/clear crystalline powder
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is transparent prismatic crystals or a white, granular powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is hygroscopic and odorless, and has a cooling, saline taste.
In the monohydrate form Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate has a role as a diuretic.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate contains a potassium citrate (anhydrous).
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the potassium salt form of citrate with alkalinizing property.


Following absorption, potassium citrate causes increased plasma bicarbonate concentration, thereby raising blood and urinary pH.
A simultaneous decrease in calcium ion activity occurs as a result of increasing calcium complex formation with dissociated anions.
Levels of urinary citrate are increased due to modification of the renal handling of citrate.
By promoting excretion of free bicarbonate ion and by increasing urinary pH in addition to an increased ionization of uric acid to more soluble urate ions, this agent exerts the alkalizing and anti-urolithic effect.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenishes.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the common tribasic potassium salt of citric acid, also known as potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is produced by complete neutralization of citric acid with a high purity potassium source and subsequent crystallisation.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate reduces sensitivity of teeth in oral care products.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a non-toxic, slightly alkaline salt with low reactivity.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures.
In Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate's monohydrate form it is very hygroscopic and must be protected from exposure to humidity.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate occurs as transparent crystals or a white, granular powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is an odourless substance with a cooling, salty taste.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is slightly deliquescent when exposed to moist air, freely soluble in water and almost insoluble in ethanol (96%).
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the common tribasic potassium salt of citric acid, also known as potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with a high purity potassium source and subsequent crystallisation.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is one of the three potassium salts of citric acid.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate appears as white crystalline powder with a salty taste.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is slightly deliquescent when in contact with moisture.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is very soluble in water and almost insoluble in ethanol.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is very hygroscopic and must be protected from humidity.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is non-toxic and fully biodegradable.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a slightly alkaline salt with low reactivity at ambient temperatures.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a source of citric acid, which is an alpha-hydroxy acid.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a potassium salt that has been reported to be efficient in forming aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) with UCON 50-HB-5100, a random copolymer.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a sequestrant and buffer that exists as crystals or powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is slightly hygroscopic and possesses the advantageous properties of citric acid without having its acid reaction.
a 1% solution has a ph of 7.5–9.0.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate reacts with metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, and iron to form a complex.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is soluble in water with a solubility of 1.8 g in 1 ml of 20°c water and 2 g in 1 ml of 80°c water.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also termed tripotassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is soluble in water and glycerol.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is insoluble in alcohol


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is soluble in 0-65ml of water, slowly soluble in 2-5ml of glycerol, insoluble in ethanol.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms of Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate may be considered.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a white, granulated powder or colourless crystals.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is very easily soluble in water and hardly soluble in alcohol.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a potassium salt of the citric acid and is formed by neutralisation of citric acid with potassium.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a pure white granular powder and has no fillers or binders, additives or preservatives.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is created by combining Potassium Bicarbonate with Citric Acid and evaporating the solution until the granular form remains.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula K3C6H5O7.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is odorless with a saline taste.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate contains 38.28% potassium by mass.


In the monohydrate form Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate has no smell.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate's taste is salty and cool.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate's hygroscopic.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is loss of crystal water at 180 ℃.
1 aqueous solution is alkaline to litmus, pH is about 8.5.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is white crystalline granules or powder.
1g of Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is soluble in 0.65mL water, slowly soluble in 2.5ml glycerol, insoluble in ethanol.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate's aqueous solution is alkaline to litmus.
The pH value of Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is about 8.5.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate has loss of water of crystallization at 180 °c.
As a food additive, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E332.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is rapidly absorbed when given by mouth and is excreted in the urine.
Since Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is an alkaline salt it is effective in reducing the pain and frequency of urination when these are caused by highly acidic urine.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used for this purpose in dogs and cats, but is chiefly employed as a non-irritating diuretic.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used food, Beverages, Tablets, Personal Care and Technical Applications.
In food industry: Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used buffering agent, chelating agent, yeast food, emulsifying salt, and synergistic agent of anti-oxidation.
In chemical industry: Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used tripotassium phosphate is used in the manufacture of liquid soap, refined gasoline, high-quality paper, metal surface treatment, biological hydration treatment, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the common tribasic potassium salt of citric acid, also known as potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods, beverages, personal care and technical applications as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate usually replaces trisodium citrate whenever a low sodium content is desired.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods, beverages, and technical applications as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate usually replaces trisodium citrate whenever a low sodium content is desired.
In pharmaceuticals Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as potassium source and as active ingredient to treat urinary duct stones.
When added to oral care products, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the active ingredient to reduce the sensitivity of the teeth.
In contrary to other potassium salts, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is less bitter and thus can be used at higher concentration levels.


The food-approved substance is safe and easy in handling.
Furthermore, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is one of the few fully biodegradable and non-toxic flame retardants.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in food and beverage industries.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate finds application as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used as a potassium source in pharmaceuticals and an active ingredient to treat urinary duct stones.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is added to oral care products to reduce the teeth sensitivity.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods, beverages, cosmetics, agrochemicals and as buffering agents and emulsifying agents.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in place of Sodium Citrate where low sodium content is required.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in manufacturing method of printed circuit board for autonomous vehicle to perform recognition, judgment, determination and execution.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar solutions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in the laboratory as a buffering agent and chelator.
In renal function studies, potassium citrate is used as an alkanizing agent where the citric acid is a metabolic substrate in renal cells.
Studies have shown that potassium citrate may increase bone density, it is therefore used in research experiments related to the treatment of osteoporosis.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods, beverages, and other applications as a buffering, sequestering or emulsifying ingredient.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the potassium salt of citric acid and it usually replaces trisodium citrate whenever a low sodium content is desired.
An organic acid naturally found in citrus fruits, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic (sour) taste to foods and soft drinks.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate can be added to ice cream to keep fat globules separated and be added to recipes in place of fresh lemon juice.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate used in food industry, pharmaceutical industry and laboratory analytical reagents.
In the food industry Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate can be used as buffer, chelating agents, stabilizer etc.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate can be used for milk and dairy products, jellies, jams, meat, cheese emulsification, citrus preservation etc.


In the pharmaceutical industry Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate’s used for hypokalaemia, potassium deficiency and alkaline urine.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate can also be used for chemical analysis reagent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is found in artificially sweetened jelly and in certain milk and meat products.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate uses include processed cheese, pud- dings, and dietetic foods in which sodium is undesirable.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods and beverages as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in manufacturing method of printed circuit board for autonomous vehicle to perform recognition, judgment, determination and execution.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar solutions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in beverages, foods, and oral pharmaceutical formulations as a buffering and alkalizing agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used as a sequestering agent and as a therapeutic agent to alkalinize the urine and to relieve the painful irritation caused by cystitis.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in food (sequestrant, emulsifier, and stabilizer) and in medicine as an alkalinizing agent and antiurolithic.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a flavoring agent, nutritional supplement, pH control agent, and sequestrant for foods
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in food industry (E-332), antioxidant, preservative agent, laboratory reagent, in pharma industry.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a flavoring, stabilizing agent and acidulant in food Industry.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used as an alkalizing agent in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a pharmaceutical aid in veterinary practice.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used in many pharmacopoeia and other preparations like potassium hydroxide solution, Cresol solution, Soap solution etc.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate works as a buffer for juices like real, R-cola etc
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in food, beverage, cosmetics, and many other applications.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in buffer solution preparation, electroplating and pharmaceutical industry.
Medicinally, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate may be used to control kidney stones derived from either uric acid or cystine.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is an effective way to treat/manage gout and arrhythmia if the patient is hypokalemic.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is widely used to treat urinary calculi (kidney stones) and is often used by patients with cystinuria.


A study of 500 patients with recurrent stones found that it reduced the frequency of stones from 2 per year to a half per year.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used as an alkanizing agent in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used in many soft drinks as a buffering agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a food additive and has other household and health uses as well.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate may be added to foods and beverages or smoothies and green drinks.


Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate provides bright plate in alkaline baths.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate may act as sequestering agent in some metal plating
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used to adjust pH and forms metallic complexes in photo chemicals
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a buffer, sequestrant or emulsifier.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a source of potassium in pharmaceuticals and an active ingredient for the treatment of urinary tract stones.



BENEFITS of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
*Provides overall health and wellness
*Promotes healthy skin, hair, and nails
*Used to increase blood flow and circulation
*Stabilizes naturally produced chemicals in the body
*USP Grade Powder – 100% Pure



PRODUCTION METHODS of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is prepared by adding either potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases.
The resulting solution is then filtered and evaporated to dryness to obtain Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate.



FUNCTIONS of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
1. Acidity Regulator / Buffering Agent - Changes or maintains the acidity or basicity of food/cosmetics.
2. Binder / Stabilizer - Retains the physical characteristics of food/cosmetics and ensure the mixture remains in an even state.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a potassium salt of citric acid.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is odorless with a saline taste.
As a food additive, potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E332.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used in many soft drinks as a buffering agent.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight: 306.39 (anhydrous basis)
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: 275 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 8,0 - 9,5
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,98 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Bulk density: ca.950 kg/m3
Min. Purity Spec: 99%
Physical Form (at 20°C): Solid
Melting Point: 275°C

Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Molecular Weight: 324.41
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 323.9052116
Monoisotopic Mass: 323.9052116
Topological Polar Surface Area: 142 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 211
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Water Solubility: 39.4 mg/mL
logP: -0.7
logP: -1.3
logS: -0.89
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 3.05
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: -3
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 7
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 140.62 Å2

Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Refractivity: 68.14 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 14.23 Å3
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
Melting point: 275 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Density: 1.98

storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Granular
Specific Gravity: 1.98
color: White crystalline
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 8 - 9.5
PH: 7.5-9.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water and glycerol.
Practically insoluble in alcoholSoluble in water and glycerol.
Insoluble in alcohol
Merck: 14,7623
BRN: 3924344
Stability: Stable.



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
no information available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
tri-Potassium citrate monohydrate
Tripotassium citrate
Citric acid potassium salt
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-Propanetriccarboxylic Acid
Potassium citrate monohydrate
6100-05-6
Tripotassium citrate monohydrate
UROCIT-K
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate
K-cit-v
Kalii citras
MFCD00150442
EE90ONI6FF
Potassium citrate (monohydrate)
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tripotassium salt, monohydrate
Hydroxycitric acid (tripotassium hydrate)
Potassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate hydrate
INS NO.332(II)
INS-332(II)
E-332(II)
NSC-760107
CCRIS 6543
Urocit-K (TN)
potassium citrate.H2O
Citric acid, tripotassium salt, monohydrate
UNII-EE90ONI6FF
Potassium Citrate, granular
CHEMBL3989822
DTXSID8042501
POTASSIUM CITRATE
CHEBI:64746
Tripotassium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate monohydrate
Citric acid potassium salt monohydrate
NSC 760107
D05578
Q27133400
ADV-7103 COMPONENT POTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE
ADV7103 COMPONENT POTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, puriss., 99.5%
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, cell culture tested
Potassium citrate tribasic solution, BioUltra, 1 M in H2O
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, >=98% (GC/titration)
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (NT)
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (1/1)
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, meets USP testing specifications
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Potassium citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Citric acid tripotassium salt
Tripotassium citrate
Tripotassium citrate hydrate
Tripotassium citrate monohydrate
Potassium citrate
Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate
Citric acid potassium salt monohydrate
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate
Tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate monohydrate
Kalii citras
Tripotassium citrate monohydrate
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate
Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate
Tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate monohydrate
TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE
Urocit-K
Hydroxycitric acid (tripotassium hydrate)
CITRIC ACID TRIPOTASSIUM SALT MONOHYDRATE
KALII CITRAS
tri-Potassium citrate
TrikaliumcitratH2O,BP
Tri-PotassiumCitrateGr
PotassiuM Citrate (AS)
Tri-PotassiumCitrateA.R.
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tripotassium salt, monohydrate
Citric acid, tripotassium salt, monohydrate
Potassium citrate
Potassium citrate monohydrate
Tripotassium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate monohydrate
Urocit-K
K-CIT-V
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate
Tripotassium citrate monohydrate
Potassium 2-hydroxy-1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylate hydrate (3:1:1)
1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, potassium salt, hydrate (1:3:1)
2-Hydroxy-1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid tripotassium salt monohydrate
Potassium 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylate hydrate (3:1:1)
Citric acid tripotassium salt
KALII CITRAS
TRI-POTASSIUM CITRATE H2O
POTASSIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC
POTASSIUM CITRATE-1-HYDRATE
Potassium citrate monohydrate
POTASSIUM CITRATE, MONOHYDRATE
TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE
tripotassium citrate monohydrate
tri-Potassium citrate monohydrate
POTASSIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC HYDRATE
POTASSIUM CITRATE, TRIBASIC MONOHYDRATE
Potassium citrate, tribasic monohydrate
citric acid tripotassium cell culture*tested monohydrate
tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate hydrate
tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate monohydrate

CAS: 57499-93-1
EC Number:259-910-3
Molecular Weight: 248.36
IUPAC Name: 1-[1-(1-butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yloxy]propan-2-ol
Molecular Formula: C13H28O4

DESCRIPTION:
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether (TBPE) is a fatty acid that belongs to the group of polyoxyethylene-based nonionic surfactants.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether is soluble in water and has detergent properties.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether has been shown to have a high affinity for cationic surfactants, such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and can be used to remove them from wastewater during sewage treatment.

The toxicity of Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether has been studied in rats and mice, showing that Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether does not cause any significant toxic effects.
Studies have also shown that Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether can be used as a film-forming polymer in the production of films with antimicrobial activity.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether is also combined with other compounds, such as sodium citrate or dodecyl glycol ethers, to form detergent compositions for removing oil and grease from surfaces or water.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a cleaning agent that can also be found in other laundry pre-treaters.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether works by dissolving stains and soils.




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIPROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
Molecular Weight: 248.36
XLogP3-AA: 1.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 248.19875937
Monoisotopic Mass: 248.19875937
Topological Polar Surface Area: 47.9 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 164
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 3
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Assay: ≥95%
refractive index: n20/D 1.432 (lit.)
bp: 276 °C (lit.)
Mp: −75 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.932 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Application: Cleaners, Coatings, Inks and Adhesives
Boiling Point (°C @760mmHg): 274
CAS#: 55934-93-5
Chemical Name: Tripropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether
Density (25°C) at lb/gal (g/cc): 7.73 (0.927)
Evaporation Rate (n-butyl acetate=1.0): 0.0004
Flash Point, Closed Cup: 126 °C
Freezing Point °F(°C): Hansen Solubility Parameter, dD (joules/cm3)1/2: 14.8
Hansen Solubility Parameter, dH (joules/cm3)1/2: 7.9
Hansen Solubility Parameter, dP (joules/cm3)1/2: 1.7
Low Vapor Pressure (Molecular Weight: 248.4 g/mol
Series: P-Series
Solubility in Water (25°C): 4.5 wt%
Solubility Water in (25°C): 8 wt%
Specific Gravity (25°C):0.93
Surface Tension (1% actives, 25 °C):29.7 dynes/cm
Vapor Pressure (mmHg @ 20°C): 0.002
Viscosity (25°C):7 cP

USES OF TRIPROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Cleaners
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Textiles
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Cosmetics
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Resins
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Coating formulation and application
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Industrial, automotive and architectural coatings


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIPROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.











SYNONYMS OF TRIPROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
57499-93-1
Tripropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether
ppg-3 butyl ether
1-[1-(1-butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yloxy]propan-2-ol
1-((1-((1-Butoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol
1-({1-[(1-BUTOXYPROPAN-2-YL)OXY]PROPAN-2-YL}OXY)PROPAN-2-OL
2-Propanol, 1-(2-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-1-methylethoxy)-
2-Propanol, 1-[2-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-1-methylethoxy]-
Dowanol 66B
BRN 1704643
DOWANOL TPnB
SCHEMBL15374
DTXSID90973032
1-(2-(2-Butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol
K0N34Z34O8
PPG-3 BUTYL ETHER [INCI]
POLYOXYPROPYLENE (3) BUTYL ETHER
AS-63503
POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL (3) BUTYL ETHER
Propanol, [(butoxymethylethoxy)methylethoxy]-
5,8-Dimethyl-4,7,10-trioxatetradecane-2-ol
D93141
A905620
Q27896607
TPBGE
Dowanol TPnB
Tripropylene glycol butyl ether
((Butoxymethylethoxy)methylethoxy)propan-1-ol
Propanol, (2-(2-butoxymethylethoxy)methylethoxy)-
Tripropylene glycol (mono) n-butyl ether
1-(2-(2-Butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol
DOWANOL TPNB CLYCOL ETHER
Tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether

1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)triazine-2,4,6-trione is a white powder. Industry Uses Chemical additive used in heat stabilizers for PVC applications Flame retardants Ingredient in polyester-type resins Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories Process regulators Processing aids, not otherwise listed Processing aids, specific to petroleum production THEIC is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water, THF and hot lower alcohols. It is insoluble in other common organic solvents. This symmetrical triol undergoes reactions typical of unhindered, primary hydroxyl groups. Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. THEIC is used in coating industry for heat resistant wire enamels, electrical insulatings, alkyd resins, urethanes, water-soluble stoving enamels and polyesters. It is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers. Chemical Group is a long-experienced distributor of Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate.worldwide company who imports and supplies Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate in over four continents. As a supplier of Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate with a wide distribution network, customers in numerous industries rely for their supply of Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate. We have the capability and know-how as a importer, supplier, and distributor of Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate to provide your business with value-added supply chain solutions. supplies Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate to users/customers for Plastic, Resin & Rubber. This product is also known as THEIC. CAS Number 839-90-7 Formula C9-H15-N3-O6 Major Category Plastics & Rubber 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate formula graphical representation Synonyms 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-; 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanuric acid; 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanuric acid; 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)triazine-2,4,6-trione; Isocyanuric acid tris(2-hydroxyethyl) ester; N,N',N''-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate; N,N',N''-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate; THEIC; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine-2,4,6-trione; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)cyanurate; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate; Tris(beta-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate; Tris(hydroxyethyl) cyanurate; s-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-; [ChemIDplus] Category Other Monomers Description White solid; [HSDB] White powder; [MSDSonline] Sources/Uses Used as a plastics additive to impart thermal stability; [HSDB] Used as a monomer to make polyesters (thermosetting varnishes and paints for metal) and as a polymer stabilizer; [Reference #1] Triazine is the chemical species of six-membered heterocyclic ring compound with three nitrogens replacing carbon-hydrogen units in the benzene ring structure. The names of the three isomers indicate which of the carbon-hydrogen units on the benzene ring position of the molecule have been replaced by nitrogens, called 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, and 1,3,5-triazine respectively. Symmetrical 1,3,5-triazine is the common. Triazines are prepared from 2-azidocyclopropene through thermal rearrangement (1,2,3-triazine), from 1,2-dicarbonyl compound with amidrazone by condensation reaction (1,2,4-triazine) and from cyanic acid amide by trimerization (1,3,5-triazine). Pyridine is the aromatic nitrogen heterocycle compound having only one nitrogen, and diazines are with 2 nitrogen atoms and tetrazines are with 4 nitrogen atoms on the benzene ring system. Triazines are weak base. Triazines have much weaker resonance energy than benzene, so nucleophilic substitution is preferred than electrophilic substitution. Triazines are basic structure of herbicides, examples are amitole (CAS #: 61-82-5), atrazine (CAS #: 1912-24-9), cyanazine (CAS #: 21725-46-2), simazine (CAS #: 122-34-9), trietazine (CAS #: 1912-26-1). Large volume of triazines are used in the manufacture of resin modifiers such as melamine and benzoguanamine. Melamine (1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine) is reacted with formaldehyde to from a very durable thermoset resin. Benzoguanamine (2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine) is used to increase thermoset properties of alkyd, acrylic and formaldehyde resins. Triazines are also useful as chromophore groups in colorants and Chlorine attached in Triazine compounds undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions well with with hydroxyl groups in cellulose fibres. Some triazine family compounds are used in pharmaceutical industry as coupling agent for the synthesis of peptide in solid phase as well as solution and as side chain of antibiotics. Triazine compounds are used in formulating bactericide and fungicide. They are used as preservatives in oil field applications. They are used as disinfectant, industrial deodorant and biocide in water treatment. They are used as a bleaching agents. Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) has the symmetrical triol structure and thus it can undergo polymerization reactions. It is used as a monomer for the synthesis of polyesters which are industrially used in a variety of coatings (thermosetting paints, magnet wire enamels, electrical insulating varnishes). Because of its trifunctionality, THEIC is used as a precursor to crosslinking agents for rigid urethane foams and postforming laminating resins. THEIC is used as a stabilizer and heat resistant flame retardant of polymers. One of the uses of such polymer is as exterior building material. It is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers.Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) was decomposed by means of chemical treatment. NMR analysis showed that the products contained large amounts of 2-oxazolidinone. The effects of potassium hydroxide as an additive, reaction temperature and time, and solvent were investigated. The decomposition of THEIC with potassium hydroxide in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 130°C for 4 hours gave a quantitative amount of 2-oxazolidinone. These results indicate that THEIC decomposed under mild reaction conditions in the presence of potassium hydroxide. DESCRIPTION AND USES Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate is used in costing industry for heat resistant wire enamels, electrical insulatings, alkyd resins, urethanes, water-soluble stoving enamels and polyesters. It is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers. APPLICATIONS Agrochemicals, Dyes, Electrical insulatings, Electronics, Enamels, Pharmaceuticals, Plastizisers, Polyesters, Resins, Alkyd, Urethanes, Wire enamel INDUSTRIES Agrochemicals, Electrical, Electronics, Pharmaceuticals PRODUCT DETAILS Product group Speciality Synonym product Tris(2-Hydroxyethyl)-s-Triazine-2,4,6-trione Package Bulk and Packed Materials Statistics number 2933-69-80(-90) Cas number 839-90-7 Cus number N/A EC number 212-660-9 RID/ADR number N/A UN number N/A Structure N/A A macromolecular homopolymer (named as Homo-THEIC) was synthesized through self-etherification of tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) molecules and used as charring agent. Its chemical structure was characterized by FTIR and 13C-NMR. The charring agent was mixed with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and applied in flame retarded polypropylene (PP). Results of UL-94, LOI, and cone calorimeter test showed that the LOI of flame retarded PP can reach 32.8% and UL-94 V-0 rating can be achieved at 30 wt % loading. The heat release rate and smoke production rate during the combustion of PP were substantially reduced. TGA results indicated that the synergistic effect between APP and Homo-THEIC existed and the addition of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) dramatically enhanced the thermal stability of PP. According to the results of TGA, SEM, TG-FTIR, FTIR, and Raman, the char forming process of IFR can be separated into three stages: the formation of viscous phosphate ester (Tonset−330 °C), the expanding process along with the decomposition of phosphate ester and the release of a large amount of gases (330–480 °C), and the final formation of graphitic-like char without any expanding feature (480–670 °C). Used as an important raw material for the production of heat-resistant wire enamels and surface coatings with extremely good mechanical properties, diverse polyurethane plastic. water-base stoving enamels. unsaturated polyester resins, As organic intermediates for insecticide, plasticizing agent, dyestuffs and phar-maceuticals etc.Tris 2-Hydroxyethyl isocyanurate (THEIC) is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. THEIC is used in coating industry for heat resistant wire enamels, electrically insulating, alkyd resins, urethanes, water-soluble stoving enamels, and polyesters. Product name: Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)Isocyanurate(THEIC) CAS: 839-90-7 Molecular weight: 224.2546 Molecular formula: C9H15N3O6 Applications: Used as an important raw material for the production of heat-resistant wire enamels and surface coatings with extremely good mechanical properties, diverse polyurethane plastic. water-base stoving enamels. unsaturated polyester resins, As organic intermediates for insecticide, plasticizing agent, dyestuffs and phar-maceuticals etc. A method of preparing tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate (THEIC) is disclosed. The method comprises the step of heating a mixture of ethylene carbonate and isocyanuric acid in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature between about 160° C. and 170° C. The molar ratio of ethylene carbonate to isocyanuric acid is at least about 3 to 1, and the catalyst has at least one amine functional group. THEIC produced by the disclosed method can be used without purification as a cross-linking agent in polyester-based magnet wire enamels. In view of the problem of low combustion performance of polymer, two charring agents tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate terephthalate ester (T-ester43 and T-ester45) with different degree of esterification were synthesized by using tris (2-hydrooxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) and purified terephthalic acid (PTA) as raw materials. Two kinds of intumescent flame retardants (IFR43 and IFR45) were prepared by combination of T-ester and ammonium polyphosphate (APP).The preformed IFR were melt blended with four commercial thermoplastics to obtain flame retardant polymer blends. It is found that, after esterification, the decomposition temperature of charring agent increased up to 300℃ and char residue at 700 ℃ increases up to 10% from 1%. With 20% mass loading of IFR43 into PA6, PET, PLA, and PP, the char residue increased by 14.97%, 9.69%, 11.59%, and 7.25%, respectively. Correspondingly, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of polymers enhanced by 6%~7%. The melt drops during LOI test decreased. In addition, crystallization acceleration effect is found in the sample of PLA after addition of IFR. THEIC is mainly be used as an important raw material for the production of heat-resistant wire enamels and PVC heat stabilizer for improving the heat-resistant of wire enamels and PVC processing temperature and performance. Besides these two major application, THEIC also be used in the production of various polyurethane plastics, water-based baking lacquer, unsaturated polyester resins, pesticide, plastic accelerator, dye staffs and intermediate for organic synthesis. Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. THEIC is used in coating industry for heat resistant wire enamels, electrical insulatings, alkyd resins, urethanes, water-soluble stoving enamels and polyesters. It is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers. 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate (THEIC) is a triazine derivative with three nitrogen atoms in its structure. It can be used as a stabilizer and can be a useful material in applications that require flame-retardancy and water durability. THEIC can be used to functionalize graphene magnetic nanoparticles to form a catalyst that facilitates the synthesis of benzimidazole compounds.[2] It may also be used in the synthesis of hyperbranched epoxy resin by UV-initiated thiolene click reaction, which finds potential application in the fabrication of insulating materials. Tris 2-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate. Derived from cyanuric acid (1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4, 6-triol) which is a cyclic trimer. It is usually a white, odorless solid. Used as a raw material for synthetic resins. THEIC, also known as Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate, has applications in modified polyimide insulating varnish, paint for the base plate of automobiles, the manufacture of high-quality heat-resisting alcohol acid and plasticizer, and in the printing, textile, plastics, and photo industries.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.


CAS Number: 78-51-3
EC Number: 201-122-9
MDL number: MFCD00009456
Linear Formula: [CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2O]3P(O)
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P



SYNONYMS:
TBEP, TRI(BUTOXYETHYL)PHOSPHATE, TRIS(BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, TBXP, kp140, KP 140, KP-140, 2-butoxy, Amgard TBEP, phosflext-bep, tris 2-butoxyethyl phosphate, tbep, phosflex t-bep, tris butoxyethyl phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, tri butoxyethyl phosphate, kronitex kp-140, tributyl cellosolve phosphate, ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate 3:1, tri 2-butoxyethyl phosphate, 2-Butoxyethanol, phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), KP 140, Kronitex KP-140, Phosflex T-BEP, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, TBEP, Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, Tbep, Tris(Butoxyethyl)Phosphate, Phosflex T-Bep, Kronitex Kp-140, Tributyl Cellosolve Phosphate, Tri(2-Butoxyethanol)Phosphate, Tris-(2-Butoxyethyl)Fosfat, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Tris[2-(butyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, Phosphoric acid tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Phosflex T-bep, Kronitex KP-140, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, KP 140, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tri(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, TBEP, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Kronitex KP-140, Phosflex T-bep, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Amgard TBEP, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester phosphoric acid, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, NSC 4839, 31227-66-4, 19040-50-7, Phosphoric acid tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 78-51-3, TBEP, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Phosflex T-bep, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, KP 140, Kronitex KP-140, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, NSC 4839, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Ester, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, DTXSID5021758, CHEBI:35038, RYA6940G86, tris[2-(butyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, NSC-4839, TBEP; KP 140; Hostaphat B 310, NSC-62228, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Ethanol, phosphate (3:1), Tris(2-butyloxyethyl)phosphate, DTXCID201758, WLN: 4O2OPO&O2O4&O2O4, 2-Butoxyethanol, phosphate, CAS-78-51-3, Phosphoric acid, tri(butoxyethyl) ester, TBOEP, CCRIS 5942, Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate, HSDB 2564, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate (3:1), EINECS 201-122-9, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, C18H39O7P, 78-51-3, BRN 1716010, tris-2-butoxyethyl phosphate, UNII-RYA6940G86, AI3-04596, Amgard TBEP, MFCD00009456, EC 201-122-9, NCIOpen2_007840, SCHEMBL37268, 4-01-00-02422 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Tri-(2-Butoxyethyl)phosphate, BIDD, CHEMBL1534811, NSC4839, NSC62228, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Tox21_201593, Tox21_302891, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 94%, AKOS015839670, NCGC00091600-01, NCGC00091600-02, NCGC00091600-03, NCGC00256553-01, NCGC00259142-01, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester phosphoric acid, AS-59809, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl)ester, CS-0066127, FT-0689063, NS00010389, P0683, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB], F71229, A915093, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, analytical standard, W-104277, Q27116378, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tri(butoxyethyl)phosphate, KP-140, TBEP, Phosphoric acid tris(2-Butoxyethyl)ester, 2-butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, TBEP, 2-butoxy, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), 2-Butoxy-ethanolphosphate(3:1), 2-butoxy-ethanophosphate(3:1), Amgard TBEP, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), tri(butoxyethyl), TBXP, TBEP, KP-140, Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl) Phosphate, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester, 2-BUTOXYETHANOL PHOSPHATE, PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIS (2-N-BUTOXYETHYL) ESTER, PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIS (2-BUTOXYETHYL) ESTER, TBEP, TRI (BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, TRIS (BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, TRIS (2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, 2-Butoxy, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (31), TBEP, Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate



Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate acts as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate appears as a colorless clear liquid having molecular weight of 398.47.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a phosphorothioate that is used to inhibit the activity of the enzyme polymerase chain reaction.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate has been shown to induce apoptosis in vitro, which may be due to its ability to decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and interfere with signal pathways.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate has not been shown to affect human serum α1-acid glycoprotein or dimethyl fumarate levels.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is an efficient inhibitor of DNA polymerase activity and mitochondrial DNA synthesis in vivo, but it does not significantly affect mitochondrial membrane potential or cell proliferation.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate shows PXR agonistic activity.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is slightly yellow liquid with a sweetish odor.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and water treatment chemicals.


Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use as processing aid and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following products: plant protection products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used for the manufacture.


Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use as processing aid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following products: polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following products: polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid and in processing aids at industrial sites.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a fire-resistant and light-stable plasticizer for food-contact products, resins & elastomers in floor finishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a useful research chemical suitable for rubber stoppers in blood specimen containers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate emits toxic fumes of phosphorous oxides when heated to decomposition.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can be used as a resin solvent, plastisol viscosity modifier, and antifoam agent for synthetic rubber, plastics & lacquers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used as a plasticizer for resins and elastomers, in floor finishes and waxes, as a flame retardant, as a plasticizer for rubber stoppers in blood specimen containers, and as a fire-resistant and light-stable plasticizer for products intended for food contact; Occupational exposure is likely to be by skin absorption during production and from floor polishes.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used as solvent for resins, a viscosity modifier in plastisols, and an antifoam agent for synthetic rubber, plastics, and lacquers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.


The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.


Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is slightly yellow, oily liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is insoluble or limited solubility in glycerol, glycols, and certain amines; soluble in most organic liquids.



AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is water soluble.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
Organophosphates, such as Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate may react with oxidizers.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
CAS Number: 78-51-3
Molecular Weight: 398.47
EC Number: 201-122-9
MDL number: MFCD00009456
CBNumber: CB1312263
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P
Molecular Weight: 398.47
MDL Number: MFCD00009456
MOL File: 78-51-3.mol
Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 215-228 °C (4 mm Hg, lit.)
Density: 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 13.7 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.03 mm Hg (150 °C)

Refractive index: n20/D 1.438 (lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store at -20°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly),
Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
Water Solubility: Soluble
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.75 at 20℃

CAS DataBase Reference: 78-51-3 (CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: TRIBUTOXYETHYL PHOSPHATE
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: RYA6940G86
NIST Chemistry Reference: Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester (78-51-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (78-51-3)
Appearance Form: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/range: < -70 °C - (ECHA)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 215 - 228 °C at 5 hPa - lit.

Flash point: ca.159 °C at ca.1.014,6 hPa - closed cup - ISO 1523
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: 0,04 hPa at 150 °C
Vapor density: 13,75 - (Air = 1.0)
Density: 1,006 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 1,02 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,66 g/l at 25 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 3,75
Autoignition temperature: 322 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 12,4 mPa.s at 20 °C
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Surface tension: 32,7 mN/m at 20,2 °C
Relative vapor density: 13,75 - (Air = 1.0)
Appearance: colorless transparent liquid
Acidity (mgKOH/ g): ≤0.1
Refractive index (nD25): 1.4320 —1.4380
Specific gravity (20/20℃): 1.012-1.023
Color (Pt-Co): ≤ 50
Moisture: ≤0.1%
Appearance: colorless transparent liquit
Acid value(mgKOH/g): ≤0.1

Refractive index(nD25): 1.4320-1.4380
Specific gravity(20/20℃): 1.012-1.023
Chroma(Pt-Co): ≤60
Moisture(Pt-Co): ≤0.2%
Cas No: 78-42-2
Molecular Formula: C24H51O4P
Molecular Weight: 434.64
Appearance: Colorless Transparent Liquid
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P
Molar Mass: 398.47
Melting Point: -70℃
Boling Point: 215-228℃4 mm Hg(lit.)
Water Solubility: Soluble
Appearance: Transparent liquid
Storage Condition: 2-8℃
MDL: MFCD00009456

melting point: -70°C
boiling point: 215-228 °C4mm Hg(lit.)
density: 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 13.7 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.03mm Hg ( 150 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.438(lit.)
flash point: >230 °F
morphology: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
water solubility: Soluble
stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 398.5 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 21
Exact Mass: 398.24334058 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 398.24334058 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 72.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 26
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 281
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS Number: 78-51-3
Formula: C18H39O7P
Molecular weight: 398.48 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD00009456
InChI Key: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 6540
ChEBI: CHEBI:35038
IUPAC Name: tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
SMILES: CCCCOC(COCCOC)OP(=O)(OCCOCCCC)OCCOCCCC
Color: Colorless to Yellow

Density: 1.0000 g/mL
Boiling Point: 215°C to 228°C (4.0 mmHg)
Flash Point: 132°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 94% min. (GC)
Packaging: Glass bottle
Linear Formula: [CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2O]3P(O)
Refractive Index: 1.4370 to 1.439
Specific Gravity: 1
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 1.3 g/L (20°C)
Formula Weight: 398.47
Percent Purity: 95%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is slightly yellow, oily liquid. Insoluble or limited solubility in glycerol, glycols, and certain amines; soluble in most organic liquids.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate flame retardant and used as a plasticizer in various household products such as plastics, floor polish, varnish, textiles, furniture, and electronic equipment.

CAS Number: 78-51-3
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P
Molecular Weight: 398.47
EINECS Number: 201-122-9

Synonyms: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 78-51-3, TBEP, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Phosflex T-bep, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, KP 140, Kronitex KP-140, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, NSC 4839, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Ester, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, DTXSID5021758, CHEBI:35038, RYA6940G86, tris[2-(butyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, NSC-4839, TBEP;KP 140;Hostaphat B 310, NSC-62228, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Ethanol, phosphate (3:1), DTXCID201758, WLN: 4O2OPO&O2O4&O2O4, 2-Butoxyethanol, phosphate, CAS-78-51-3, Phosphoric acid, tri(butoxyethyl) ester, TBOEP, CCRIS 5942, Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate, HSDB 2564, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate (3:1), EINECS 201-122-9, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat [Czech], Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate,C18H39O7P,78-51-3, BRN 1716010, tris-2-butoxyethyl phosphate, UNII-RYA6940G86, AI3-04596, Amgard TBEP, MFCD00009456, EC 201-122-9, NCIOpen2_007840, SCHEMBL37268, 4-01-00-02422 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Tri-(2-Butoxyethyl)phosphate, BIDD:ER0626, Tris(2-butyloxyethyl)phosphate, CHEMBL1534811, NSC4839, NSC62228, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Tox21_201593, Tox21_302891, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 94%, AKOS015839670, NCGC00091600-01, NCGC00091600-02, NCGC00091600-03, NCGC00256553-01, NCGC00259142-01, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester phosphoric acid, AS-59809, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl)ester, CS-0066127, NS00010389, P0683, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB], F71229, A915093, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, analytical standard, W-104277, Q27116378

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate compound used primarily as a flame retardant and plasticizer in various industrial applications.
Its chemical formula is C18H39O7P, and its CAS number is 78-51-3.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly utilized in the production of plastics, polymers, adhesives, and coatings to enhance their flexibility and flame resistance properties.

Additionally, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds application as a component in hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and as a solvent in some chemical processes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), also known as TBEP, is a type of flame retardant that is commonly used in various industries such as plastics, rubber, textiles, and electronics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and other organic solvents.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a type of organophosphate ester, which means that it is derived from the reaction between phosphoric acid and alcohol.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a versatile flame retardant that has several advantages compared to other types of flame retardants.
One of the main advantages of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is its high efficiency in reducing the flammability of materials.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a halogen-free flame retardant, which means that it does not contain any bromine or chlorine compounds that are known to be harmful to the environment and human health.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which prevents the spread of fire.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a light-colored, high-boiling, non-flammable viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is generally used as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics, and aids in floor polish formation (as well as in other surface coatings),
leveling and improves gloss.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a clear, colorless liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphine oxide and thus very stable in nature.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has many applications including plasticizing agent in acrylic based polishes, defoamer agent in acrylics, “knockdown” defoamer in paint, textile and paper and as a halide free flame retardant in polymer systems.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used to add flexibility in vinyl resins, other plastics, natural and synthetic rubbers, and floor finishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a flame-retardant plasticizer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is mainly used for flame-retardant and plasticizing of polyurethane resin, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has good low-temperature characteristic.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be obtained by the reaction of the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and 2-butoxyethanol .
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a flammable, hardly inflammable, colorless to yellowish liquid that is sparingly soluble in water.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an organic flame retardant , as well as in floor care products, as a solvent in resins, as a viscosity modifier in plastisols and as a plasticizer in rubber stoppers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)is mainly used as floor polishing agent and processing agent of water-based adhesive, flame retardant and plasticizer of acrylonitrile type rubber, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethyecellulose, polyvinyl acetate, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used as defoamer in coating, detergent and textiles.

Moreover, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be also used in nitrocellulose, ethyecellulose and acrylic plastic plasticizer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a chemical compound commonly used as a flame retardant and plasticizer in various industrial products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is added to materials like plastics, rubber, and textiles to make them less flammable and more flexible.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be found in hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and as a solvent in certain chemical processes.
While it provides important functional properties to these products, concerns have been raised about its potential environmental and health impacts.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been studied for its persistence in the environment and possible toxicity to aquatic organisms.

As a result, regulations and guidelines regarding its use and disposal may vary depending on the region.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a light-colored, high-boiling, non-flammable viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is generally used as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics, and aids in floor polish formation (as well as in other surface coatings), leveling and improves gloss.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber and nitriles.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and has good heat stability.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in applications needing low temperature flexibility such as a leveling agent for acrylic resin-based polishes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be used for emulsions of floor finishes, leveling agent in latex paint, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
As a plasticizer, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) incorporates readily and is a non-reactive, medium viscosity liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is high solvency makes it a great product for natural and synthetic resins and compatible with waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used commercially in floor polishes, paper coatings and as an antifoaming agent in ore beneficiations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also finds uses in vinyl plastics.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a clear, colorless liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphine oxide and thus very stable in nature.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has many applications including plasticizing agent in acrylic based polishes, defoamer agent in acrylics, “knockdown” defoamer in paint, textile and paper and as a halide free flame retardant in polymer systems.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for polymer dispersions and also improves wetting-levelling properties of drybright emulsions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is its compatibility with various types of polymers and resins.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in combination with other flame retardants to enhance its effectiveness.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also compatible with other additives such as plasticizers and stabilizers, which makes it a versatile ingredient in the production of various types of materials.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also known for its thermal stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can withstand high temperatures without decomposing or releasing toxic gases.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also resistant to moisture and can maintain its effectiveness even in humid environments.
Organophosphates, such as Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may react with oxidizers. .
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) acts as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) appears as a colorless clear liquid having molecular weight of 398.47.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been subject to regulatory scrutiny due to its potential environmental and health impacts, and its usage may be subject to restrictions in certain regions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.

Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.
It shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 215-228 °C4 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 13.7 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.03 mm Hg ( 150 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.438(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.:Store at -20°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
Water Solubility: Soluble
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.75 at 20℃

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and plasticizer, specifically tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is recommended fo use as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber and for nitrile.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is often used as a leveling agent in floor polishes, as a leveling agent in paints, and as an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) exhibits low viscosity (12 cps).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) contains 7.8% phosphorous.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber and nitriles.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and has good heat stability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in applications needing low temperature flexibility such as a leveling agent for acrylic resin-based polishes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be used for emulsions of floor finishes, leveling agent in latex paint, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

As a plasticizer, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), incorporates readily and is a non-reactive, medium viscosity liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)s high solvency makes it a great product for natural and synthetic resins and compatible with waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used commercially in floor polishes, paper coatings and as an antifoaming agent in ore beneficiations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also finds uses in vinyl plastics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or repacking and at industrial sites.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.

The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is widely used in household materials such as plasticizer, floor polish and flame retardant in plastic resins and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)-based is a plasticizer and defoamer.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also acts as a leveling agent for acrylic and styrenic floor polishes and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is valued for its effectiveness as a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by reducing the flammability of materials, thereby slowing down or preventing the spread of fire.

In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) acts as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility and durability of various materials, particularly plastics and polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly used in a wide range of industrial applications, including the production of automotive parts, electrical cables, construction materials, and textiles.
Due to concerns about its potential environmental persistence and toxicity, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been subject to regulatory scrutiny in some regions.

Regulatory agencies may impose restrictions on its use or require labeling and handling precautions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) provides important functional benefits, it is essential to handle it with care.
Occupational exposure should be minimized, and appropriate safety measures should be followed during handling, storage, and disposal.

In response to regulatory concerns and evolving industry standards, researchers and manufacturers are exploring alternative flame retardants and plasticizers that offer comparable performance while minimizing environmental and health risks.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is widely used as a flame retardant additive in plastics, textiles, and other materials.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by reducing the flammability of these materials, making them safer in applications where fire hazards are a concern.
In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also serves as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility and workability of polymers and plastics.

This makes it valuable in manufacturing processes where flexibility is desired.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds use in diverse industrial applications beyond flame retardancy and plasticization.
It is employed in products such as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, coatings, and adhesives.

Like many organophosphate compounds, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has raised environmental and health concerns.
Its persistence in the environment and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms have prompted regulatory scrutiny and efforts to find safer alternatives.
Regulations governing the use of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) vary by region.

In some jurisdictions, its use may be restricted or subject to specific labeling and handling requirements to minimize environmental and human health risks.
There is ongoing research into alternative flame retardants and plasticizers that offer comparable performance while addressing environmental and health concerns associated with TBEP and similar compounds.
Oral exposure to low-dose Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) levels equivalent to tolerable daily intake may exacerbate allergic pulmonary inflammation by promoting a skewed T-helper 2 cell response, upregulation of ERα and dysregulation of both MLN and BM microenvironments.

Uses:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used as a heat-exchange medium.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use as processing aid and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: plant protection products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid and in processing aids at industrial sites.

One of the primary uses of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is as a flame retardant additive in various materials such as plastics, rubber, textiles, and coatings.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) reduces the flammability of these materials, making them less likely to catch fire or spread flames.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also acts as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility, durability, and workability of plastics and polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to enhance the processing properties of these materials during manufacturing.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is utilized as an additive in lubricants and hydraulic fluids to improve their lubricating properties and thermal stability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to reduce friction and wear in mechanical systems.

In some chemical processes, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) serves as a solvent or carrier for other substances.
It can facilitate the dissolution and dispersion of various compounds in solution.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is incorporated into coatings, sealants, and adhesives to improve their performance properties.

It can enhance adhesion, flexibility, and resistance to heat and chemicals.
In the textile industry, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as a finishing agent to impart flame retardant properties to fabrics and garments.
It helps textiles meet flame resistance standards for safety applications.

Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) also helps to improve pigment wetting and rheological properties with a minimal effect on reflectance Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is a highly effective "knockdown" defoamer used extensively in paint, textile and paper industries.
Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems. It can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly used in the production of polyurethane foam, PVC, and other types of plastics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is effective in reducing the flammability of these materials and improving their fire safety.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a flame retardant for textiles such as curtains, upholstery, and carpets.
It can also be used in the production of flame-resistant clothing for firefighters and other workers in high-risk environments.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the production of electronic components such as circuit boards and cables.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to reduce the risk of fire and improve the safety of electronic devices.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the production of rubber products such as tires, gaskets, and seals.
It can improve the fire safety of these products and reduce the risk of fire in industrial settings.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly added to paints, coatings, and varnishes to improve their fire resistance and durability.

It helps these products adhere better to surfaces and provides a protective barrier against fire damage.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an additive in adhesives and sealants to enhance their bonding strength and flexibility.
It helps prevent the material from becoming brittle over time and improves its resistance to fire.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is incorporated into the insulation of electrical wires and cables to reduce the risk of fire propagation in case of a short circuit or overheating.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps maintain the integrity of the insulation and prevents electrical fires.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is sometimes used in the production of polyurethane foam, particularly in applications where fire safety is a concern, such as upholstered furniture and mattresses.

It improves the foam's fire resistance without compromising its mechanical properties.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be added to rubber compounds to increase their flame retardancy and flexibility.
It is commonly used in the production of rubber goods such as gaskets, seals, and hoses for various industrial applications.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be included in construction materials such as insulation boards, roofing materials, and sealants to meet fire safety standards and regulations.
It helps prevent the spread of fire in buildings and structures.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the manufacturing of automotive components, including dashboards, interior trims, and upholstery, to improve their fire resistance and durability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps ensure compliance with automotive safety standards.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2.
The major uses of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.

As Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has no odour is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions.
In oil-based lubricants addition of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) increases the oil film strength.

Safety Profile:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is considered persistent in the environment and may bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.
It can pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and wildlife, particularly in areas where it is released into waterways or accumulates in sediment.

Despite being used as a flame retardant, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) itself is combustible.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may contribute to the spread of fire if not properly contained or managed, posing fire hazards in manufacturing facilities, storage areas, or during transportation.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation of its vapors or aerosols.

Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe health effects, including dermatitis, respiratory irritation, and allergic reactions.
While Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)'s acute toxicity is relatively low, chronic exposure to high concentrations may pose health risks.
Animal studies suggest potential adverse effects on the liver, kidneys, and reproductive system, although more research is needed to fully understand its long-term toxicity in humans.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is slightly yellow, oily liquid. Insoluble or limited solubility in glycerol, glycols, and certain amines; soluble in most organic liquids.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant. It shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

CAS Number: 78-51-3
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P
Molecular Weight: 398.47
EINECS Number: 201-122-9

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 78-51-3, TBEP, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Phosflex T-bep, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, KP 140, Kronitex KP-140, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, NSC 4839, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Ester, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, DTXSID5021758, CHEBI:35038, RYA6940G86, tris[2-(butyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, NSC-4839, TBEP;KP 140;Hostaphat B 310, NSC-62228, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Ethanol, phosphate (3:1), DTXCID201758, WLN: 4O2OPO&O2O4&O2O4, 2-Butoxyethanol, phosphate, CAS-78-51-3, Phosphoric acid, tri(butoxyethyl) ester, TBOEP, CCRIS 5942, Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate, HSDB 2564, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate (3:1), EINECS 201-122-9, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat [Czech], Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate,C18H39O7P,78-51-3, BRN 1716010, tris-2-butoxyethyl phosphate, UNII-RYA6940G86, AI3-04596, Amgard TBEP, MFCD00009456, EC 201-122-9, NCIOpen2_007840, SCHEMBL37268, 4-01-00-02422 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Tri-(2-Butoxyethyl)phosphate, BIDD:ER0626, Tris(2-butyloxyethyl)phosphate, CHEMBL1534811, NSC4839, NSC62228, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Tox21_201593, Tox21_302891, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 94%, AKOS015839670, NCGC00091600-01, NCGC00091600-02, NCGC00091600-03, NCGC00256553-01, NCGC00259142-01, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester phosphoric acid, AS-59809, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl)ester, CS-0066127, NS00010389, P0683, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB], F71229, A915093, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, analytical standard, W-104277, Q27116378

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate flame retardant and used as a plasticizer in various household products such as plastics, floor polish, varnish, textiles, furniture, and electronic equipment.
Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate compound used primarily as a flame retardant and plasticizer in various industrial applications.
Its chemical formula is C18H39O7P, and its CAS number is 78-51-3.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly utilized in the production of plastics, polymers, adhesives, and coatings to enhance their flexibility and flame resistance properties.

Additionally, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds application as a component in hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and as a solvent in some chemical processes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been subject to regulatory scrutiny due to its potential environmental and health impacts, and its usage may be subject to restrictions in certain regions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), also known as TBEP, is a type of flame retardant that is commonly used in various industries such as plastics, rubber, textiles, and electronics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and other organic solvents.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a type of organophosphate ester, which means that it is derived from the reaction between phosphoric acid and alcohol.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a versatile flame retardant that has several advantages compared to other types of flame retardants.
One of the main advantages of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is its high efficiency in reducing the flammability of materials.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a halogen-free flame retardant, which means that it does not contain any bromine or chlorine compounds that are known to be harmful to the environment and human health.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which prevents the spread of fire.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is its compatibility with various types of polymers and resins.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in combination with other flame retardants to enhance its effectiveness.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also compatible with other additives such as plasticizers and stabilizers, which makes it a versatile ingredient in the production of various types of materials.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also known for its thermal stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can withstand high temperatures without decomposing or releasing toxic gases.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also resistant to moisture and can maintain its effectiveness even in humid environments.
Organophosphates, such as Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may react with oxidizers. .
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) acts as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) appears as a colorless clear liquid having molecular weight of 398.47.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a light-colored, high-boiling, non-flammable viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is generally used as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics, and aids in floor polish formation (as well as in other surface coatings),
leveling and improves gloss.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a clear, colorless liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphine oxide and thus very stable in nature.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has many applications including plasticizing agent in acrylic based polishes, defoamer agent in acrylics, “knockdown” defoamer in paint, textile and paper and as a halide free flame retardant in polymer systems.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used to add flexibility in vinyl resins, other plastics, natural and synthetic rubbers, and floor finishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a flame-retardant plasticizer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is mainly used for flame-retardant and plasticizing of polyurethane resin, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has good low-temperature characteristic.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be obtained by the reaction of the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and 2-butoxyethanol .
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a flammable, hardly inflammable, colorless to yellowish liquid that is sparingly soluble in water.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an organic flame retardant , as well as in floor care products, as a solvent in resins, as a viscosity modifier in plastisols and as a plasticizer in rubber stoppers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)is mainly used as floor polishing agent and processing agent of water-based adhesive, flame retardant and plasticizer of acrylonitrile type rubber, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethyecellulose, polyvinyl acetate, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used as defoamer in coating, detergent and textiles.

Moreover, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be also used in nitrocellulose, ethyecellulose and acrylic plastic plasticizer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a chemical compound commonly used as a flame retardant and plasticizer in various industrial products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is added to materials like plastics, rubber, and textiles to make them less flammable and more flexible.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be found in hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and as a solvent in certain chemical processes.
While it provides important functional properties to these products, concerns have been raised about its potential environmental and health impacts.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been studied for its persistence in the environment and possible toxicity to aquatic organisms.

As a result, regulations and guidelines regarding its use and disposal may vary depending on the region.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a light-colored, high-boiling, non-flammable viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is generally used as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics, and aids in floor polish formation (as well as in other surface coatings), leveling and improves gloss.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber and nitriles.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and has good heat stability.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in applications needing low temperature flexibility such as a leveling agent for acrylic resin-based polishes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be used for emulsions of floor finishes, leveling agent in latex paint, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
As a plasticizer, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) incorporates readily and is a non-reactive, medium viscosity liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is high solvency makes it a great product for natural and synthetic resins and compatible with waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used commercially in floor polishes, paper coatings and as an antifoaming agent in ore beneficiations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also finds uses in vinyl plastics.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a clear, colorless liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphine oxide and thus very stable in nature.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has many applications including plasticizing agent in acrylic based polishes, defoamer agent in acrylics, “knockdown” defoamer in paint, textile and paper and as a halide free flame retardant in polymer systems.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for polymer dispersions and also improves wetting-levelling properties of drybright emulsions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 215-228 °C4 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 13.7 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.03 mm Hg ( 150 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.438(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.:Store at -20°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
Water Solubility: Soluble
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.75 at 20℃

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is widely used as a flame retardant additive in plastics, textiles, and other materials.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by reducing the flammability of these materials, making them safer in applications where fire hazards are a concern.
In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also serves as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility and workability of polymers and plastics.

This makes it valuable in manufacturing processes where flexibility is desired.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds use in diverse industrial applications beyond flame retardancy and plasticization.
It is employed in products such as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, coatings, and adhesives.

Like many organophosphate compounds, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has raised environmental and health concerns.
Its persistence in the environment and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms have prompted regulatory scrutiny and efforts to find safer alternatives.
Regulations governing the use of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) vary by region.

In some jurisdictions, its use may be restricted or subject to specific labeling and handling requirements to minimize environmental and human health risks.
There is ongoing research into alternative flame retardants and plasticizers that offer comparable performance while addressing environmental and health concerns associated with TBEP and similar compounds.
Oral exposure to low-dose Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) levels equivalent to tolerable daily intake may exacerbate allergic pulmonary inflammation by promoting a skewed T-helper 2 cell response, upregulation of ERα and dysregulation of both MLN and BM microenvironments.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and plasticizer, specifically tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is recommended fo use as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber and for nitrile.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is often used as a leveling agent in floor polishes, as a leveling agent in paints, and as an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) exhibits low viscosity (12 cps).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) contains 7.8% phosphorous.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber and nitriles.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and has good heat stability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in applications needing low temperature flexibility such as a leveling agent for acrylic resin-based polishes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be used for emulsions of floor finishes, leveling agent in latex paint, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

As a plasticizer, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), incorporates readily and is a non-reactive, medium viscosity liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)s high solvency makes it a great product for natural and synthetic resins and compatible with waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used commercially in floor polishes, paper coatings and as an antifoaming agent in ore beneficiations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also finds uses in vinyl plastics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or repacking and at industrial sites.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.

The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is widely used in household materials such as plasticizer, floor polish and flame retardant in plastic resins and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)-based is a plasticizer and defoamer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also acts as a leveling agent for acrylic and styrenic floor polishes and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is valued for its effectiveness as a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by reducing the flammability of materials, thereby slowing down or preventing the spread of fire.
In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) acts as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility and durability of various materials, particularly plastics and polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly used in a wide range of industrial applications, including the production of automotive parts, electrical cables, construction materials, and textiles.
Due to concerns about its potential environmental persistence and toxicity, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been subject to regulatory scrutiny in some regions.
Regulatory agencies may impose restrictions on its use or require labeling and handling precautions.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) provides important functional benefits, it is essential to handle it with care.
Occupational exposure should be minimized, and appropriate safety measures should be followed during handling, storage, and disposal.
In response to regulatory concerns and evolving industry standards, researchers and manufacturers are exploring alternative flame retardants and plasticizers that offer comparable performance while minimizing environmental and health risks.

Uses Of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP):
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2.
The major uses of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.

As Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has no odour is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions.
In oil-based lubricants addition of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) increases the oil film strength.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used as a heat-exchange medium.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases.

Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use as processing aid and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: plant protection products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid and in processing aids at industrial sites.

One of the primary uses of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is as a flame retardant additive in various materials such as plastics, rubber, textiles, and coatings.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) reduces the flammability of these materials, making them less likely to catch fire or spread flames.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also acts as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility, durability, and workability of plastics and polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to enhance the processing properties of these materials during manufacturing.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is utilized as an additive in lubricants and hydraulic fluids to improve their lubricating properties and thermal stability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to reduce friction and wear in mechanical systems.

In some chemical processes, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) serves as a solvent or carrier for other substances.
It can facilitate the dissolution and dispersion of various compounds in solution.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is incorporated into coatings, sealants, and adhesives to improve their performance properties.

It can enhance adhesion, flexibility, and resistance to heat and chemicals.
In the textile industry, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as a finishing agent to impart flame retardant properties to fabrics and garments.
It helps textiles meet flame resistance standards for safety applications.

Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) also helps to improve pigment wetting and rheological properties with a minimal effect on reflectance Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is a highly effective "knockdown" defoamer used extensively in paint, textile and paper industries.
Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems. It can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly used in the production of polyurethane foam, PVC, and other types of plastics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is effective in reducing the flammability of these materials and improving their fire safety.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a flame retardant for textiles such as curtains, upholstery, and carpets.
It can also be used in the production of flame-resistant clothing for firefighters and other workers in high-risk environments.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the production of electronic components such as circuit boards and cables.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to reduce the risk of fire and improve the safety of electronic devices.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the production of rubber products such as tires, gaskets, and seals.
It can improve the fire safety of these products and reduce the risk of fire in industrial settings.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly added to paints, coatings, and varnishes to improve their fire resistance and durability.

It helps these products adhere better to surfaces and provides a protective barrier against fire damage.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an additive in adhesives and sealants to enhance their bonding strength and flexibility.
It helps prevent the material from becoming brittle over time and improves its resistance to fire.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is incorporated into the insulation of electrical wires and cables to reduce the risk of fire propagation in case of a short circuit or overheating.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps maintain the integrity of the insulation and prevents electrical fires.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is sometimes used in the production of polyurethane foam, particularly in applications where fire safety is a concern, such as upholstered furniture and mattresses.

It improves the foam's fire resistance without compromising its mechanical properties.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be added to rubber compounds to increase their flame retardancy and flexibility.
It is commonly used in the production of rubber goods such as gaskets, seals, and hoses for various industrial applications.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be included in construction materials such as insulation boards, roofing materials, and sealants to meet fire safety standards and regulations.
It helps prevent the spread of fire in buildings and structures.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the manufacturing of automotive components, including dashboards, interior trims, and upholstery, to improve their fire resistance and durability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps ensure compliance with automotive safety standards.

Safety Profile:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation of its vapors or aerosols.
Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe health effects, including dermatitis, respiratory irritation, and allergic reactions.
While Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)'s acute toxicity is relatively low, chronic exposure to high concentrations may pose health risks.

Animal studies suggest potential adverse effects on the liver, kidneys, and reproductive system, although more research is needed to fully understand its long-term toxicity in humans.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is considered persistent in the environment and may bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.
It can pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and wildlife, particularly in areas where it is released into waterways or accumulates in sediment.

Despite being used as a flame retardant, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) itself is combustible.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may contribute to the spread of fire if not properly contained or managed, posing fire hazards in manufacturing facilities, storage areas, or during transportation.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent flame retardance, cold resistance, and UV resistance.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an odorless clear liquid.


CAS Number: 115-96-8
EC Number: 204-118-5
MDL number: MFCD00000967
Chemical formula: C6H12Cl3O4P
Molecular Formula: C6H12Cl3O4P / (ClCH2CH2O)3PO



SYNONYMS:
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 115-96-8, Tri(beta-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, Celluflex, Fyrol CEF, Disflamoll TCA, Celluflex CEF, Tris(chloroethyl) phosphate, Niax 3CF, Tris(chloroethyl)phosphate, Trichlorethyl phosphate, 2-Chloroethanol phosphate, TRI(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Niax Flame Retardant 3CF, Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1), Ethanol, 2-chloro-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, Tris(beta-chloroethyl) phosphate, NCI-C60128, Tris-(2-chlorethyl)fosfat, NSC 3213, DTXSID5021411, Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-chloroethyl) Ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl)ester, Tri(.beta.-chloroethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl) ester, 68411-66-5, CHEBI:35037, 32IVO568B0, Tris(.beta.-chloroethyl) phosphate, NSC-3213, 29716-44-7, Genomoll P, 3CF, Antiblaze 100, DTXCID601411, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane, Fyrol CF, Tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, C6H12Cl3O4P, CAS-115-96-8, Tri-beta-chloroethyl phosphate, CCRIS 1302, HSDB 2577, Tris-(2-chlorethyl)fosfat [Czech], EINECS 204-118-5, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)fosfat [Czech], Tris-(2-chloroethyl)fosfat, BRN 1710938, UNII-32IVO568B0, AI3-15023, Tris(|A-chloroethyl) phosphate, 2-Chloro-ethanol phosphate (3:1), EINECS 249-806-6, EC 204-118-5, SCHEMBL26896, Tris(-chloroethyl) phosphate, 4-01-00-01379 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS001056210, BIDD, , tris(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate, tri-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, CHEMBL1413786, Tri-.beta.-chloroethyl phosphate, WLN: G2OPO & O2GO2G, NSC3213, EINECS 270-139-1, Tox21_201254, Tox21_300074, MFCD00000967, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 97%, AKOS009029110, NCGC00091566-01, NCGC00091566-02, NCGC00091566-03, NCGC00254139-01, NCGC00258806-01, Phosphoric acid, tri-2-chloroethyl ester, SMR001216601, CS-0030742, NS00010387, P0268, T3447, EN300-19161, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB], TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE [IARC], Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, analytical standard, J-003352, Q1670500, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), InChI=1/C6H12Cl3O4P/c7-1-4-11-14(10,12-5-2-8)13-6-3-9/h1-6H, Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloroethyl) ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl)ester, Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphic acid, Tris(beta-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(chloroethyl)phosphate, Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate; TCEP; tris(1-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)PHOSPHATE, tris(chloroethyl)phosphate, Tris(chloroethyl) phosphate, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)PHOSPHATE 97%, Phosphorsuretris-(2-chlorethyl)-ester, 3CF, niax3cf, Fyrol CF, fyrolcef, 2-Chloroethanol phosphate, Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate, TCEP, Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1), Celluflex CEF, Disflamoll TCA, Fyrol CEF, Niax Flame Retardant 3CF, Niax 3CF, Tri(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, Trichloroethyl phosphate, Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 3CF, Celluflex, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl) ester, Trichlorethyl phosphate, 2-Chloroethanol phosphate, NCI-C60128, Tris-(2-chlorethyl)fosfat, 2-Chloro-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Fyrol CF, Genomoll P, TCEP, Phosphoric acid, tri-2-chloroethyl ester, NSC 3213



Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a clear transparent liquid with a very slight odor. Insoluble in water.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent flame retardance, cold resistance, and UV resistance.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as trialkyl phosphates.
These are organic compounds containing a phosphate group that is linked to exactly three alkyl chains.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent flame retartance, cold resistance and UV resistance.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an organophosphate triester compound used in solid-phase microextractions
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is registered under the REACH Regulation but is not currently being manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an odorless clear liquid.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a trialkyl phosphate and an organochlorine compound.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been added to polyurethane foams and plastics in:
*Certain children’s products with foam padding, such as some crib bumpers, sleep mats, changing table pads, and portable mattresses.
*Some motor vehicles, furniture, building insulation, back-coatings of carpets and upholstery, and electronic and electrical devices.


Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1), also known as Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), is an industrial chemical.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a colorless or light yellow oily liquid with a light cream odor.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbon, but insoluble in an aliphatic hydrocarbon.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is also called petroleum additive and an extractant of rare-earth elements.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a clear, transparent liquid. Slightly water soluble.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a human urinary organophosphate flame retardant metabolite.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a odorless clear liquid. Neutral pH.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a colorless or light yellow oily transparent liquid with light cream taste.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is miscible with ordinary organic solvents, but insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, and has good hydrolysis stability.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a flame retardant.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a halogenated phosphate ester flame retardant and plasticizer, commonly used in flame retardant paints with nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate as substrates, unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes, acrylates, phenolic resins, etc.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can be used as a soft plasticized flame retardant for PVC.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in chemical and blended fabrics and cellulose acetate as fire retardant.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an organophosphate triester compound used in solid-phase microextractions
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been widely used as a plasticizer and flame retardant.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) as a potential carcinogen is often detected in the occupational and nature environments
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used as additive type halogenated phosphate ester flame retardant and plasticizer, commonly used in flame retardant paints with nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate as substrates, unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes, acrylates, phenolic resins, etc.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can be used as a soft plasticized flame retardant for PVC.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, phenolic resins, and other synthetic materials.


In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) also can improve the material's water resistance, cold resistance, antistatic property and softness.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in chemical and blended fabrics and cellulose acetate is a fire retardant.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses) and at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following products: coating products.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following areas: offshore mining and building & construction work.
Other release to the environment of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is likely to occur from: outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following products: coating products.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following areas: offshore mining and building & construction work.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is the excellent flame retardant of synthetic materials, it can be widely used in polyurethane foam, polyolefin resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin and cellulose acetate, which can make the product with self extinguishing.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) also can be used as the main flame retardant material for the production of flame retardant cable, tarpaulin, flame retardant rubber conveying belt and flame sponge composite.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is mainly used in flame retardant of PVC, polyvinyl acetate, phenolic resin, polyurethane, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, ethyecellulos.


Moreover, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also be used in processing modifier of metal extractant, lubricating oil, gasoline additive and polyimide.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used as a plasticizer and viscosity regulator with flame retardant properties in polyurethanes, polyester resins, polyacrylates, and other polymers.


These polymers may be used in furniture, building (for example, roofing insulation) and textile industries (for example, back-coatings for carpets and upholstery).
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) may also be used in electronic products and in the manufacture of cars.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is not manufactured, but is imported into Canada.
Due to the good plasticization, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in cellulose acetate, polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose lacquer, ethyl cellulose, PVC, polyurethane, and phenolic resin, which all have a self-extinguish ability.
With the addition of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), their physical properties are improved and tactilities feel soft.


Moreover, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a main flame-retardant material to produce polyurethane for flame-retardant cables, anti-corrosion tarpaulin, and flame-retardant rubber converter belts.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is mainly used for flame-retardant polyurethane foam and flame-retardant plasticization of PVC.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in chemical fiber fabrics and cellulose acetate as flame retardants.
In addition to self-extinguishing, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also improve water resistance, cold resistance and antistatic properties.
The general dosage of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is 5-10 parts.


Flame retardants, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is commonly used in lithium batteries.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also be used as metal extractant, lubricant and gasoline additives, and polyimide processing modifier.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane soft and rigid foam, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose paint, ethyl cellulose paint and flame retardant rubber conveyor belt.


The obtained products have self-extinguishing properties and can improve water resistance.
Weather resistance, cold resistance, antistatic property, soft hand feel, the general addition amount is 5-10 parts, and the oxygen index (OI) of polyurethane rigid foam can reach 26.


In addition, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also be used as extreme pressure additive for lubricating oil, gasoline additive and thermal coolant of metal magnesium, etc.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an excellent flame retardant of synthetic materials, and has a good plasticizer effect.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose varnish, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, phenolic resin.
In addition to self extinguishing, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also improve the physical properties of the product.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) feels soft, and can also be used as a petroleum additive and an extractant of olefinic elements, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is also the main flame retardant material for manufacturing flame retardant cable three proof tarpaulin and flame retardant rubber conveyor belt, with the general addition amount of 10-15%.


Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used as the flame retardant agent in polyurethane, plastics, polyester, textiles.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent flame retarding properties because of the phosphorus and chlorine content.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was used in dynamic air sampling of airborne organophosphate triesters using a solid-phase microextraction device.



CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is colorless or light yellow oily liquid, with sour cream smell, soluble with organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, chloroform and catalyst, insoluble with aliphatic hydroxyl, almost insoluble in water. It have good hydrolytic stability, it will decompose a little in sodium hydroxide solution.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent UV stability and low temperature performance.



PROPERTIES OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an organophosphorus flame retardant halogen compound.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is not soluble in water, can dissolve in ethanol, acetone, esters, aromatics, chloroform and other organic solvents.



HOW DOES EXPOSURE TO TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP) OCCUR?
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can be gradually released from products treated with TCEP into indoor environments, including houses, schools, day care centers, offices, and cars.
Once Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is released from products, it is present on floors, furniture, and other surfaces, and in air and dust.
During pregnancy, TCEP can pass from mother to baby.



COMPOUND TYPE OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
*Ester
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Organic Compound
*Organochloride
*Plasticizer
*Synthetic Compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
*Organooxygen compounds
*Organochlorides
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Alkyl chlorides



SUBSTITUENTS OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
*Trialkyl phosphate
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Organochloride
*Organohalogen compound
*Alkyl halide
*Alkyl chloride
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₂Cl₃O₄P
Molar Mass: 285.48 g/mol
Molecular Weight: 285.5 g/mol
Exact Mass: 283.953879 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 283.953879 g/mol
Physical Properties
Density: 1.39 g/mL
Boiling Point: 192 °C (378 °F; 465 K) at 10 mmHg
Topological Polar Surface Area (PSA): 44.8 Ų
Chemical Properties
XLogP3-AA: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Complexity: 152
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Stereochemistry
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Physical State: Clear liquid

Color: Colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: Approximately -60 °C (ASTM D 97-66)
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 192 °C at 13 hPa
Flash Point: 232 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: 38-42 mPa·s (dynamic) at 25 °C
Water Solubility: 7.943 g/L at 20 °C (soluble)
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): 1.7 at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: < 13 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1.39 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Refractive Index (nD25): 1.470-1.479

Chemical Properties
Acidity (mg KOH/g): ≤0.1
Moisture Content: ≤0.1%
Phosphorus Content: 10.65-10.9%
Chlorine Content: 36.5-37.5%
Color (APHA): ≤50
Additional Information
Flammability (Solid, Gas): No data available
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: No data available
Relative Density: No data available
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Particle Characteristics: No data available

Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Safety Information: No data available
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish transparent liquid
Specific Gravity (20°C): 1.41-1.43
Melting Point: -51 °C
Boiling Point: 192 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.39 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor Pressure: Refractive Index (nD20): 1.472 (lit.)
Flash Point: 450 °F (approximately 232 °C)

Storage Temperature: 2-8 °C
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Viscosity (25°C): 38-42 mPa·s (dynamic)
Water Content: ≤0.3%
Chemical Properties
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₂Cl₃O₄P
Molecular Weight: 285.49 g/mol
Acid Content: ≤0.1 mg KOH/g
Water Solubility: 7.82 g/L at 20 °C
LogP: 1.7 at 20 °C
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents.
Color Value: 50 max

Safety and Regulatory Information
InChIKey: HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS Number: 115-96-8
FDA UNII: 32IVO568B0
Proposition 65 List: Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate
IARC Classification: 3 (Vol. 48, 71) 1999
NIST Chemistry Reference: Phosphoric acid, tri-2-chloroethyl ester (115-96-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (115-96-8)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
Additional Information

Acidity (mg KOH/g): 0.2 max
Flash Point (°C): 220 min
Phosphorus Content: 10.7-10.8%
Specific Gravity (20°C): 1.420-1.440
Appearance: Colorless or light yellow oily transparent liquid
Physical State: Liquid
Density: 1.39 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive Index (nD20): 1.4731
Boiling Point: 194 °C
Flash Point: 225 °C
Freezing Point: -64 °C
Decomposition Temperature: 240-280 °C
Viscosity: 38-47 cP (20 °C)

Storage: Store at room temperature
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₂Cl₃O₄P
Average Molecular Mass: 285.490 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 283.954 g/mol
Phosphorus Content: 10.8%
Chlorine Content: 37.3%
SMILES: ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl
IUPAC Name: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
Traditional Name: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H12Cl3O4P/c7-1-4-11-14(10,12-5-2-8)13-6-3-9/h1-6H2
InChI Key: HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only
to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Trioctyl phosphate; Triethylhexyl phosphate; Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester; TOF; 2-Ethylhexanol, phosphate Triester; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate; Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate; Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphat (German); Fosfato de tris(2-etilhexilo) (Spanish); Phosphate de tris(2-éthylhexyle) (French); cas no: 78-42-2

Clear colorless viscous liquid.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP), mixture of isomers is suitable for use in environmental and food residue analysis.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is a mixture of isomers, composition may vary, typical composition: main isomer tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate 66%, minor components: bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) (2-chloropropyl) phosphate and (1-chloro-2-propyl) bis(2-chloropropyl) phosphate.

CAS: 13674-84-5
MF: C9H18Cl3O4P
MW: 327.57
EINECS: 237-158-7

Synonyms
Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;TRIS(1-CHLORO-2-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE;TRIS(1-CHLOROPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;TRIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) PHOSPHATE;TRIS(CHLOROISOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;TRIS(MONOCHLOROPROPYL) PHOSPHATE;tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate;TcppTris(1-Chloro-2-Propyl)Phosphate];13674-84-5;Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate;tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate;Amgard TMCP;TRIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;Tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate;Hostaflam OP 820;Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate;2-Propanol, 1-chloro-, phosphate (3:1);TRIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE;2-Propanol, 1-chloro-, 2,2',2''-phosphate;Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, tech grade;CRT22GFY70;Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;DTXSID5026259;Tris(1-chloro-2-propanyl) phosphate;DTXCID106259;CCRIS 6111;Tri-(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate;Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;EINECS 237-158-7;C9H18Cl3O4P;TCPP phosphate cpd;CAS-13674-84-5;BRN 1842347;TCIPP;UNII-CRT22GFY70;TCPP, Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate;HSDB 8112;tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)phosphate;Flame retardant TCPP;LEVAGARD PP;TOLGARD TMCP;EC 237-158-7;SCHEMBL35713;tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate;CHEMBL3188873;CHEBI:143728;Tox21_202982;Tox21_303533;tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;MFCD00040408;AKOS015899872;NCGC00257407-01;NCGC00260528-01;Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCPP);J50.405J;CS-0059312;FT-0689156;NS00009572;TRIS(.BETA.-CHLOROISOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE;TRIS(1-METHYL-2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE;Flame retardant Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate;A886642;Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;Q-201899;Q2454095;PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIS(1-CHLOROPROPANE-2-YL) ESTER;98112-32-4

Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is a trialkyl phosphate.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP)is a chlorinated organophosphate.
Organophosphate chemicals have a wide variety of applications and are used as flame retardants, pesticides, plasticizers, and nerve gases.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is structurally similar to several other organophosphate flame retardants, such as tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP).
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) and these other chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants are all sometimes referred to as "chlorinated tris".

Presence in the environment
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is an additive flame retardant, meaning that it is not chemically bonded to treated materials.
Additive flame retardants are thought to be more likely to be released into the surrounding environment during the lifetime of the product than chemically bonded, or reactive, flame retardants.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) degrades slowly in the environment and is not readily removed by waste water treatment processes.

Indoors
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) has been detected in indoor dust, although concentrations vary widely.
A study of house dust in the U.S. found that over 96% of samples collected between 2002 and 2007 contained Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) at an average concentration of over 1.8 ppm, while the highest was over 56 ppm. TDCPP was also detected in 99% of dust samples collected in 2009 in the Boston area from offices, homes, and vehicles.
The second study found an average concentration similar to that of the previous study but a greater range of concentrations: one sample collected from a vehicle contained over 300 ppm Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) in the dust.
Similar concentrations have been reported for dust samples collected in Europe and Japan.

Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) has also been measured in indoor air samples.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP)'s detection in air samples, however, is less frequent and generally at lower concentrations than other organophosphate flame retardants such as TCEP and TCPP, likely due to its lower vapor pressure.

Outdoors
Although Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is generally found at the highest concentrations in enclosed environments, such as homes and vehicles, it is widespread in the environment.
Diverse environmental samples, ranging from surface water to wildlife tissues, have been found to contain Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP).
The highest levels of contamination are generally near urban impacted areas; however, samples from even relatively remote reference sites have contained TDCPP.

Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -39.9°C
Boiling point: 270°C
Density: 1.28
Refractive index: 1.460～1.466 (20℃/D)
Fp: -218 °C
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: liquid
Color: Clear Colourless
Odor: mild odor
Water Solubility: BRN: 1842347
Stability: Moisture Sensitive
InChIKey: KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 13674-84-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) (3:1)(13674-84-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) (13674-84-5)

Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is clear colorless oily liquid with high water solubility and low lipophilicity (as indicated by logKOW).
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) ismanufactured as a reactionmixture, which contains four isomers.

Uses
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is a flame retardant of low hydrolytic stability, used in polyurethane (PU) rigid and flexible foam, PVC, EVA, phenolics and epoxy resin.

Flame retardant
Until the late 1970s, Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) was used as a flame retardant in children’s pajamas in compliance with the U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act of 1953.
This use was discontinued after children wearing fabrics treated with a very similar compound, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, were found to have mutagenic byproducts in their urine.

Following the 2005 phase-out of PentaBDE in the United States, Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) became one of the primary flame retardants used in flexible polyurethane foam used in a wide variety of consumer products, including automobiles, upholstered furniture, and some baby products.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) can also be used in rigid polyurethane foam boards used for building insulation.
In 2011 Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) was reported that TDCPP was found in about a third of tested baby products.
Some fabrics used in camping equipment are also treated with Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) to meet CPAI-84, a standard established by the Industrial Fabrics Association International to evaluate the flame resistance of fabrics and other materials used in tents.
Current total production of Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is not well known. In 1998, 2002, and 2006, production in the United States was estimated to be between 4,500 and 22,700 metric tons, and thus Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is classified as a high production volume chemical.

Toxicology
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is considered a suspected carcinogenic, suspected reprotoxic, and suspected PBT (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic) and is a potential endocrine disruptor (ECHA, 2019).
Thus, the presence of Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) in the receiving water can affect aquatic organisms and potentially affect human health.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is probably combustible.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) may hydrolyze under acidic or alkaline conditions.

Human exposure
Humans are thought to be exposed to Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) and other flame retardants through several routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact with treated materials.
Rodent studies show that Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is readily absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract.
Infants and young children are expected to have the highest exposure to Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) and other indoor contaminants for several reasons.
Compared to adults, children spend more time indoors and closer to the floor, where they are exposed to higher amounts of dust particles.
In addition, they frequently put their hands and other objects into their mouths without washing.

Several studies show that Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) can accumulate in human tissues.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) has been detected in semen, fat, and breast milk, and the metabolite bis (1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (BDCPP) has been detected in urine.

DESCRIPTION:
Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate is a clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a slight sharp odor.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is used as a phosphorous flame retardant.

CAS: 78-42-2
European Community (EC) Number: 201-116-6
IUPAC Name: tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Molecular Formula: C24H51O4P


USES OF TRIS (2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) has been widely used as a plasticizer, fire retardant and solvent.
As a plasticizer, Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used as a component of vinyl stabilizers, grease additives and flame-proofing compositions for vinyl plastic and synthetic rubber compounds.
As a fire retardant, Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used in consumer products, such as clothing.

As a solvent, Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used as a co-solvent to produce hydrogen peroxide.
The world production of Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was estimated to be between 1000 to 5000 tons per year
Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with TEHP at workplaces
The general population may be exposed to Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate via ingestion of contaminated food and drinking water or via dermal contact with Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate -treated clothing.

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is used as a phosphorous flame retardant.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is Used as a plasticizer in the preparation of a new potentiometric membrane sensor.

APPLICATIONS OF TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is a phosphate plasticizer offering excellent low temperatures properties as well as good resistance to weathering.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is suitable for use in many types of polymers including flexible PVC, PUR, NBR, SBR and EPDM.

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is a strong, moderately polar solvent.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is also used as a solvent in the production of hydrogen peroxide, as a carrier for pigments in the manufacture of pigment pastes for plastics and as an additive for mineral oils.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHATE:
Molecular Weight: 434.6 g/mol
XLogP3-AA 8.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 21
Exact Mass 434.35249710 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 434.35249710 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 44.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count 29
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 345
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 3
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
vapor pressure: 2.1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: 97%
refractive index: n20/D 1.444 (lit.)
bp: 215 °C/4 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.92 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
CAS number 78-42-2
EC number 201-116-6
Hill Formula C₂₄H₅₁O₄P
Chemical formula [CH₃(CH₂)₃CH(C₂H₅)CH₂O]₃PO
Molar Mass 434.63 g/mol
HS Code 2919 90 00
Boiling point 210 °C (5 hPa) decomposes
Density 0.92 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point 170 °C
Ignition temperature 370 °C
Melting Point pH value 7 (H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure Solubility Chemical Formula:
C24H51O4P
Flash Point: 305°F (NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): data unavailable
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable
Autoignition Temperature: 698°F (NTP, 1992)
Melting Point: -94°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Pressure: 1.9 mmHg at 392°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): 14.95 (NTP, 1992)
Specific Gravity: 0.9262 at 68°F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point: 374 to 451°F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)
Molecular Weight: 434.65 (NTP, 1992)
Water Solubility: less than 1 mg/mL at 64°F
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
Soluble in:
water, 0.6 mg/L @ 24C (exp)
water, 1.461e-005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)


SYNONYMS OF TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHATE:
2-ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate
tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
78-42-2
Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Disflamoll TOF
Kronitex TOF
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Flexol TOF
Flexol plasticizer TOF
Tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate
Tris(ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, phosphate
NCI-C54751
TEHP
Phosphoric acid, tris(ethylhexyl) ester
Tri(ethylhexyl) phosphate
2-Ethylhexanol, phosphate triester
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat
NSC 407921
BQC0BKB72S
TOF
DTXSID0021414
NSC-407921
Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Ester
DTXCID801414
Triethylhexyl phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexy)phosphate
CAS-78-42-2
CCRIS 615
HSDB 2562
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
EINECS 201-116-6
UNII-BQC0BKB72S
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
BRN 1715839
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat
AI3-07852
Amgard TOF
MFCD00009491
1-Hexanol, phosphate
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl)ester
Trioctyl Phosphate (TOP)
Tris(2-ethylhexl)phosphate
EC 201-116-6
SCHEMBL35485
tris-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
MLS002415769
Phosphoric Acid Trioctyl Ester
CHEMBL1562290
2-Ethylhexanol phosphate (3:1)
CHEBI:181994
HMS3039O17
Phosphoric acid tris(2-ethylhexyl)
Tox21_201369
Tox21_300321
NSC407921
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, 97%
AKOS015843194
CS-W009670
NCGC00091821-01
NCGC00091821-02
NCGC00091821-03
NCGC00254160-01
NCGC00258921-01
SMR001370923
P1022
TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB]
WLN: 4Y2&1OPO&O1Y4&2&O1Y4&2
A865029
Q2454094
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Ethylhexyl phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphate de tris(2-éthylhexyle) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester [ACD/Index Name]
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl)ester
Tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
UNII:BQC0BKB72S
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, phosphate
201-116-6 [EINECS]
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL PHOSPHATE
2-Ethylhexanol phosphate (3:1)
2-Ethylhexanol, phosphate triester
4Y2&1OPO&O1Y4&2&O1Y4&2 [WLN]
78-42-2 [RN]
Amgard TOF
disflamoll tof
Flexol plasticizer TOF
flexol tof
kronitex tof
MFCD00009491 [MDL number]
phosphoric acid tris-(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Phosphoric acid tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Phosphoric acid, tris (2-ethylhexyl) ester
Phosphoric acid, tris(ethylhexyl) ester
TOF
tri-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tri(ethylhexyl) phosphate
triethylhexyl phosphate
trioctyl phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Tris(2-ethylhexy)phosphate
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHATE
Tris(ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat