DESCRIPTION:
TIB KAT SSSA is Sodium sulfosuccinic acid.
TIB KAT SSSA Possesses enhancement of hydrophilicity of the resin.
TIB KAT SSSA Offers better dispersibility of the resin in water.

CAS: 77-58-7

TIB KAT SSSA is a catalyst for esterification reactions.
TIB KAT SSSA is especially suitable due to its low volatility at high temperatures and high vacuum.
TIB KAT SSSA is miscible in water at all concentrations and is practically odorless.


TIB KAT SSSA is a formulation based on methane sulfonic acid and selected amine components to form a blocked acid catalyst.
TIB KAT SSSA helps provide high efficiency in crosslinking of baking enamels and provides a longer pot life compared to TIB KAT MSA.


TIB KAT SSSA is a formulation based on methane sulfonic acid and a phosphorous compound.
TIB KAT SSSA is an excellent catalyst providing high efficiency in esterification reactions.
In general terms, the use of TIB KAT SSSA leads to products with significantly lighter colour values than using pure methane sulfonic acid, other sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid.


TIB KAT SSSA is a methanesulfonic acid that can be used in the chemical industry as a catalyst and additive and in the electroplating industry as a plating bath additive.
TIB KAT SSSA is miscible in water at all concentrations.
TIB KAT SSSA is a 70% solution of methane sulfonic acid.

TIB KAT SSSA Acts as a very good catalyst providing high efficiency in esterification reactions.
TIB KAT SSSA is used in coatings and paints.

TIB KAT SSSA is a stannous octoate grade.
TIB KAT SSSA Acts as an inorganic tin catalyst.
TIB KAT SSSA is used in paints and coatings.


TIB KAT SSSA is a catalyst that is used in the production of organic esters and plasticizers.
TIB KAT SSSA possesses a high level of catalytic activity which leads to almost complete conversions with short reaction times at higher reaction temperatures (> 160°C).
TIB KAT SSSA also enables the production of light-coloured esters.
Secondary reactions do hardly occur in comparison to acidic catalysts.

TIB KAT SSSA is a stannous oxalate.
TIB KAT SSSA is an inorganic tin catalyst that is used in the production of organic esters and plasticizers.
TIB KAT SSSA is also used in paints and coatings.

TIB KAT SSSA is an anhydrous stannous chloride.
TIB KAT SSSA Acts as an inorganic tin catalyst.
TIB KAT SSSA is designed for coatings and paints.

TIB KAT SSSA is a liquid catalyst that distributes well in reactants.
TIB KAT SSSA is used for esterifications in oleochemistry, catalysis or polyurethane systems, curing of silicone resins and silanes and for polymerisation of lactones to biodegradable polymers.

TIB KAT SSSA is a free-flowing, dry, stable tin(II) oxide which has excellent catalytic properties as an esterification catalyst.
The quantities of TIB KAT SSSA to be added for esterification are generally between 0.01 and 0.10 wt.-%.
TIB KAT SSSA shows the highest catalytic activity at reaction temperatures between 180 - 260°C.

TIB KAT SSSA acts as an inorganic tin catalyst.
TIB KAT SSSA is a stannous oxide grade.
TIB KAT SSSA Possesses very good catalytic properties.
TIB KAT SSSA is used in paints and coatings.

FEATURES OF TIB KAT SSSA:
TIB KAT SSSA is Organometallic catalysts based on tin, bismuth, zinc, aluminium, zirconium, copper, cerium, titanium, potassium and iron.
TIB KAT SSSA is Inorganic catalysts based primarily on tin and bismuth.
TIB KAT SSSA is Sulfonic acid catalysts also available.

TIB KAT SSSA has High purity.
TIB KAT SSSA has Different physical forms available for some grades.
TIB KAT SSSA has No use of conflict minerals.


BENEFITS OF TIB KAT SSSA:
TIB KAT SSSA is Selective catalysis possible with minimal side products.
TIB KAT SSSA is Very active or delayed reaction possible.
TIB KAT SSSA has Low temperature or high temperature activation (latent) possible.

Toxicologically inert grades of TIB KAT SSSA is available.
TIB KAT SSSA is Non-tin based catalysts available where use of tin is an issue.
TIB KAT SSSA has Low discolouration of the finished system possible.

APPLICATIONS OF TIB KAT SSSA:
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Oleochemistry - esterification and transesterification.
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Catalysis of polyurethane-based coatings, adhesives and sealants.

TIB KAT SSSA is used in Cross-linking of silane-modified polymers, particularly popular in new generation sealants.
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Catalysis of PVC and thermoplastics, in particular XLPE.
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Synthesis of alkyd resins, polyesters and unsaturated polyesters.

USES OF TIB KAT SSSA:
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Adhesives & Sealants
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Catalysts & Adsorbents
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Coatings

TIB KAT SSSA is used in Composites
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Construction
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Industrial

TIB KAT SSSA is used in Rubber
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Thermoplastic Compounds
TIB KAT SSSA is used in Thermoset

TIB KAT SSSA can be used for esterifications in oleochemistry
TIB KAT SSSA can be used for catalysis of polyurethane systems
TIB KAT SSSA can be used for curing of silicone resins and silanes

TIB KAT SSSA can be used for polymerisation of lactones to biodegradable polymers.
TIB KAT SSSA is a liquid catalyst, which distributes well in the reactant.

Furthermore, TIB KAT SSSA makes an easy proportioning during the running reaction possible.
TIB KAT SSSA can be added to the reactants either as it is or blended with alcohols.
In esterifications, TIB KAT SSSA can be used at a temperature > 160 °C.

With TIB KAT SSSA it is possible to obtain light, clear products.
In general, TIB KAT SSSA is used in concentrations of between 0.01 - 0.20 %.
The removal of TIB KAT SSSA from esters is apart from chemical methods, as e. g. by hydrolysis or oxidation, also possible by adsorption with TIB TINEX® -products.



TIB KAT SSSA is a catalyst that is used in the production of polyesters and oleochemical-based esters.
TIB KAT SSSA is also used as an activator in the production of elastomers.
TIB KAT SSSA is soluble in water and a number of non-aqueous polar solvents.
During the esterification process, TIB KAT SSSA minimises the dehydration of alcohols and avoids odours and discolouration of the products which can be formed by possible by- products.





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TIB KAT SSSA:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Storage:
TIB KAT SSSA can be stored for at least one year if kept closed in the original packaging.
Packaging:
25 kg plastic drum, other packaging size available upon request.

Special advice for security:
Information concerning:
classification and labelling according to the regulations governing transport and hazardous chemicals
protective measures for storage and handling
safety measures in case of accident and fire
toxicity and ecological effects

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TIB KAT SSSA:
Chemical formula Sn(OOCC7H15)2
CAS No. 301-10-0
Molecular weight 405.1 g/mol
State of aggregation liquid
Melting point ≥ - 25°C
Total tin content 28 - 29.3 %
Tin (II) content ≥ 26.9 %
Density (20°C) 1.23 - 1.27 g/cm3
Viscosity 270 - 430 mPa*s
Colour (Gardner) ≤ 5

TIB KAT SSSA is a succinic acid derivative.
TIB KAT SSSA possesses enhancement of hydrophilicity of the resin.
TIB KAT SSSA offers better dispersibility of the resin in water.


CAS Number: 29454-16-8
Alternate CAS Number: Free Acid: 5138-18-1
Molecular FormulaC₄H₅NaO₇S


TIB KAT SSSA is a detergent composition that has been shown to have antioxidative properties and is biocompatible.
TIB KAT SSSA is a derivative of succinic acid.


TIB KAT SSSA, commonly referred to as sodium 2-sulphonatosuccinate, is a naturally occurring compound that is found in the human body and has been used in laboratory experiments for many years.
TIB KAT SSSA is an important compound for understanding the biochemical and physiological effects of various substances.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TIB KAT SSSA:
TIB KAT SSSA has been used in the treatment of geriatric patients with chronic kidney disease.
TIB KAT SSSA has also been used as an analytical reagent for the determination of fatty acids in particle form.
The use of TIB KAT SSSA as a fluorescent probe for the study of intracellular protein interactions is also well documented.


TIB KAT SSSA is not toxic to cells and nanoparticulate compositions containing this compound are chemically stable.
TIB KAT SSSA occurs naturally in the human body and has been extensively used in laboratory experiments for many years.
TIB KAT SSSA plays a crucial role in unraveling the biochemical and physiological effects of various substances.


Scientific research heavily relies on TIB KAT SSSA, particularly in the fields of biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology.
TIB KAT SSSA serves as a reagent for synthesizing other compounds, functions as a buffer in biochemical assays, and acts as a substrate in enzyme assays.
Furthermore, TIB KAT SSSA enables the study of substance effects on the human body and aids in understanding the mechanisms of action of drugs and other compounds.


While the precise mechanism of action of TIB KAT SSSA is not fully understood, TIB KAT SSSA is believed to exert its influence as a chelator.
By binding to specific enzymes and proteins, it inhibits their activity.
Additionally, TIB KAT SSSA has demonstrated the ability to bind to certain receptors, such as the serotonin receptor, and modulate their function.



PRODUCT TYPE OF TIB KAT SSSA:
*Catalysts
*Accelerators
*Initiators



CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TIB KAT SSSA:
*Sodium Sulfosuccinic Acid



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF TIB KAT SSSA:
TIB KAT SSSA can be synthesized by reacting sodium hydroxide with 2-sulphonatosuccinic acid.
The reaction is carried out in aqueous solution at a pH of 10-12 and a temperature of 25-30°C.
The reaction produces a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 192 g/mol.



SYNTHESIS METHOD DETAILS OF TIB KAT SSSA:
Design of the Synthesis Pathway:
The synthesis pathway of TIB KAT SSSA involves the reaction of maleic anhydride with sodium sulfite to form sodium hydrogen sulfite.
The resulting sodium hydrogen sulfite is then reacted with sodium hydroxide and succinic acid to form TIB KAT SSSA.



STARTING MATERIALS OF TIB KAT SSSA:
*Maleic anhydride
*Sodium sulfite
*Sodium hydroxide
*Succinic acid



REACTION OF TIB KAT SSSA:
Maleic anhydride is reacted with sodium sulfite in water at a temperature of 70-80°C for 2-3 hours.
The resulting sodium hydrogen sulfite is then filtered and washed with water.
To the sodium hydrogen sulfite, a solution of sodium hydroxide is added dropwise with constant stirring until the pH reaches 7-8.
Succinic acid is then added to the reaction mixture and stirred until complete dissolution.
The resulting mixture is then heated to 70-80°C for 2-3 hours until TIB KAT SSSA precipitates out.
The precipitate is then filtered, washed with water and dried at 60°C to obtain the final product.



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF TIB KAT SSSA:
TIB KAT SSSA is widely used in scientific research, particularly in studies related to biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology.
TIB KAT SSSA is used as a reagent in the synthesis of other compounds, as a buffer in biochemical assays, and as a substrate in enzyme assays.
TIB KAT SSSA is also used to study the effects of various substances on the human body, as well as to study the mechanisms of action of drugs and other compounds.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF TIB KAT SSSA:
The mechanism of action of TIB KAT SSSA is not completely understood.
TIB KAT SSSA is believed to act as a chelator, binding to and inhibiting the action of certain enzymes and proteins.
TIB KAT SSSA also has been shown to bind to and modulate the activity of certain receptors, such as the serotonin receptor.



BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TIB KAT SSSA:
TIB KAT SSSA has been shown to have a variety of biochemical and physiological effects.
TIB KAT SSSA has been shown to inhibit the activity of certain enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase.
TIB KAT SSSA has also been shown to modulate the activity of certain receptors, such as the serotonin receptor.
In addition, TIB KAT SSSA has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.



ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS FOR LAB EXPERIMENTS:
TIB KAT SSSA has several advantages for use in laboratory experiments.
TIB KAT SSSA is a naturally occurring compound, so it is readily available and relatively inexpensive.
TIB KAT SSSA is also stable and can be stored at room temperature.
Its disadvantages include the fact that TIB KAT SSSA is relatively insoluble in water, so it must be dissolved in an organic solvent before use.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TIB KAT SSSA:
Appearance: White to Off-White Solid
Melting Point: >231°C (dec.)
Molecular Weight: 220.13
Storage-20°C, Hygroscopic
Solubility: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly), Water
Stability: Hygroscopic
Molecular Weight: 242.12 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7

Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 241.94731220 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 241.94731220 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 143Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 272
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Density: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C4H5NaO7S
Melting Point: N/A
MSDS: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C4H5NaO7S
Molecular Weight: 220.13300
Exact Mass: 219.96500
PSA: 140.18000
CAS Number: 29454-16-8
Melt Point: >231° C (dec.)
Storage Temp: Store at -20°C
Molecular weight: 220.13
Code Formula: C₄H₅O₇S・Na
Smiles: C(C(C(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C(=O)O.[Na+]
PubChem CID: 23671698

Molecular Formula: C₄H₅NaO₇S
Molecular Weight: 242.12 g/mol
IUPAC Name: disodium;2-sulfobutanedioate
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O7S.2Na/c5-3(6)1-2(4(7)8)12(9,10)11;;/h2H,1H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)(H,9,10,11);;/q;2*+1/p-2
InChI Key: JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)O)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
Canonical SMILES: C(C(C(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)O)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
Other CAS RN: 29454-16-8
Related CAS: 13419-59-5 (tri-hydrochloride salt)
20526-58-3 (hydrochloride salt)
5138-18-1 (parent)
64051-32-7 (mono-ammonium salt)
94138-92-8 (tri-lithium salt)



FIRST AID MEASURES of TIB KAT SSSA:
-Description of first-aid measures:
If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TIB KAT SSSA:
-Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TIB KAT SSSA:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TIB KAT SSSA:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TIB KAT SSSA:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TIB KAT SSSA:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
2-Sulfo-butanedioic Acid Sodium Salt
Sulfo-succinic Acid Monosodium Salt
2-sulfobutanedioate
29454-16-8
Sodium sulfosuccinate
disodium 2-sulfobutanedioate
Sodium dihydrogen 2-sulphonatosuccinate
C4H6O7S.Na
C4-H6-O7-S.Na
Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, monosodium salt
SCHEMBL187912
Sulfosuccinic acid 1,2-disodium salt
Sulfosuccinic acid 1,4-disodium salt
Sulfosuccinic acid 2,4-disodium salt
AKOS030255673
2-Sulfo-butanedioic Acid SodiuM Salt
Einecs 249-639-9
Sulfobutanedioic acid monosodium salt
SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
(+)-Sulfo-bernsteinsaeure,Mononatrium-Salz
thiosuccinic acid
Sulfo-succinic Acid MonosodiuM Salt
2-Sulfo-butanedioic Acid Sodium Salt
Sulfo-succinic Acid Monosodium Salt
Butanedioic acid,2-sulfo-,sodium salt
2-Sulfo-butanedioic Acid Sodium Salt
Sulfo-succinic Acid Monosodium Salt
2-Sulfo-butanedioic Acid Sodium Salt
Sulfo-succinic Acid Monosodium Salt

TIB Tinex P is a kind of aluminosilicate compound.
The intermolecular structure of TIB Tinex P is layered, and there are many irregular pores on the surface.


CAS Number: 70131-50-9 / 14808-60-7
EC Number: 274-324-8
Bentonite, Acid Leached ( contains 1-5% 100% 70131-50-9
Crystalline Silica - Quartz) 14808-60-7


Ingredient CAS number Weight %
Activated Bleaching Earth 70131-50-9 >99%
Silica, Crystalline (Quartz) 14808-60-7 <1%


The chemical composition of activated clay of TIB Tinex P is Si 0250% ~ 70%, A1203 10% ~ 16%, Fe 2032% ~ 4%, Mg0 1%~ 6%, etc.
TIB Tinex P is a kind of aluminosilicate compound.
The intermolecular structure of TIB Tinex P is layered, and there are many irregular pores on the surface.


TIB Tinex P has easy moisture absorption and catalytic performance.
This strain is made of natural hydrous aluminium silicate, washed with water to remove sand, treated with dilute acid and washed repeatedly with water to remove impurities.


The water between the layers is removed by heating to more than 300 ℃, which has unique adsorption properties.
TIB Tinex P is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TIB TINEX P:
Release to the environment of TIB Tinex P can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Other release to the environment of TIB Tinex P is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Release to the environment of TIB Tinex P can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Other release to the environment of TIB Tinex P is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


TIB Tinex P can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
TIB Tinex P is intended to be released from: packaging material for metal parts (releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors).


TIB Tinex P can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).
TIB Tinex P is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


TIB Tinex P is intended to be released from scented: clothes, eraser, toys, paper products and CDs.
TIB Tinex P is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining, printing and recorded media reproduction, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, scientific research and development and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


TIB Tinex P is used for the manufacture of: food products, chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Release to the environment of TIB Tinex P can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Other release to the environment of TIB Tinex P is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Release to the environment of TIB Tinex P can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials, formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Other release to the environment of TIB Tinex P is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


TIB Tinex P is used in the following products: inks and toners.
TIB Tinex P is used in the following areas: mining, agriculture, forestry and fishing, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, scientific research and development and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Release to the environment of TIB Tinex P can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as processing aid, manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Other release to the environment of TIB Tinex P is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Release to the environment of TIB Tinex P can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Other release to the environment of TIB Tinex P is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


TIB Tinex P is used oil special adsorbent, mainly used for mineral oil, vegetable oil, animal oil and solid paraffin, fatty acid, high-grade ethanol and benzene decolorization refining.
TIB Tinex P is used for glucose, maltose, fructose, sugar and other decolorization and purification of wine, citric acid, monosodium glutamate and other products.


TIB Tinex P is also a catalyst for some petroleum by-products, a catalyst for gasoline contact decomposition, a catalyst for organic synthesis, a detergent and bleach for oils and fats, a dehydrating agent, and a desiccant for external application of medicines.
TIB Tinex P is used for the retreatment of petroleum and the regeneration of waste oil.


TIB Tinex P is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products, plastic products, pulp, paper and paper products, rubber products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and wood and wood products.
TIB Tinex P is used as a carrier for insecticides and fungicides.


TIB Tinex P is used as an effective absorbent for greases, oil, water and other chemicals.
TIB Tinex P is used for litter and bedding for poultry, pets etc.
TIB Tinex P is used also as a soil conditioner for greenhouses and golf courses.


TIB Tinex P is used as a thickening and suspending agent.
TIB Tinex P is used for animal oil, vegetable oil, mineral oil and other decolorization and refined petroleum products, also used as a catalyst for organic synthesis.


TIB Tinex P is used as a thickener, and setting agent for coating, paint, ink etc.
The main characteristics of TIB Tinex P are swelling, high dispersion and thixotropy in organic media.
In coating, TIB Tinex P is generally used as an anti-sediment agent and thickener.


As a metal anti-corrosion coating, TIB Tinex P has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, salt water corrosion resistance, impact resistance, and not easy to wet.
In the textile industry, TIB Tinex P is mainly used as a dyeing assistant for synthetic fiber fabrics.


TIB Tinex P is used for many years to refine animal oil, vegetable oil and mineral oil.
In the aspect of high-speed printing ink, adjust the consistency, viscosity and permeability of the ink according to the needs.


In drilling, TIB Tinex P can be used as an emulsion stabilizer.
In terms of high-temperature grease, TIB Tinex P is especially used to prepare high-temperature grease suitable for high-temperature and long-term continuous operation.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TIB TINEX P:
TIB Tinex P has a character odorless, tasteless, non-toxic white or beige powder or granules.
TIB Tinex P is discrete, and greasy.
Relative density of TIB Tinex P is 2.3~2.5.
TIB Tinex P is insoluble in water, organic solvents and various oils and lipids.
TIB Tinex P is almost completely soluble in a hot caustic soda solution.
TIB Tinex P is odorless, tasteless, non-toxic white or beige powder or granules.



PREPARATION METHOD OF TIB TINEX P:
Preparation methods for wet production of activated clay.
The preparation method comprises the steps of subjecting the bentonite ore to a coarse pulverization, reacting with an acid at 70-° C, subjecting it to multiple centrifugation and rinsing, and then neutralizing it and controlling its pH, after drying and grinding, the product was obtained.



TRAIT OF TIB TINEX P:
TIB Tinex P is a white-like fine powder.
After being moistened with water, TIB Tinex P has a clay-like odor and a deeper color.
TIB Tinex P is almost insoluble in water, dilute acid or sodium hydroxide solution.



DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF TIB TINEX P:
take about lg of TIB Tinex P, put it in a porcelain evaporation dish, add 10ml of water and 5ml of sulfuric acid, heat to produce white smoke, cool, slowly add 20ml of water, boil for 2-3 minutes, filter, the residue was gray.
The filtrate shows the identification reaction of aluminum salt.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TIB TINEX P:
Form: powder
Odour: odourless
Colour: off-white to light grey
pH value: not appllcable
Melting point: > 1.ooo•c
Bollfng point: not appllcable
Vapour pressure: not appllcable
Relative density: 2.0
Bulk density: 670 - 930 kgtm3
Partitioning coefficient: not applicable
n-octanol/water (log Pow):
Viscosity, dynamic: not applicable
Solubility In water: not soluble
Molecular weight: N/D
Specific Gravity: 2.5

Gas Density: N/D
Vapour Pressure: N/D
Solubility in water: Water Insoluble
Percent Volatiles by volume: Least
Evaporation Rate: N/D
pH: 3.0 – 4.5
Sublimation Point: N/D
Appearance, Odor and state: Greyish white Granular, Odourless.
Form: Powder
Color: Light gray to off-white
Odor: Odorless
Specific Gravity (H2O=1): 2 to 3
Solubility (in water): Insoluble
Acidity: 0.03 mg/KOH/g (Free Acidity)
Infrared Spectrum: Conforms to structure

Titratable Acid: ≤ 0.1 mg/KOH/g (Free Acidity)
Physical Form: Granular
Chemical Name or Material: Bentonite
Physical state: solid
Colour: various
Odour: characteristic
pH: (value) not applicable
Melting point/freezing point: >723 K
Initial boiling point and boiling range: not determined
Flash point: not applicable
Evaporation rate: not determined
Explosion limits of dust clouds: not determined
Vapour pressure: not determined

Density: not determined
Vapour density: this information is not available
Relative density: information on this property is not available
Solubility(ies): Water solubility Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water (log KOW) this information is not available
Auto-ignition temperature: not determined
Viscosity: not relevant (solid matter)
Explosive properties: none
Oxidising properties: none
Other information:
Solvent content 100 %
Solid content 100 %



FIRST AID MEASURES of TIB TINEX P:
-Description of first-aid measures:
If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fesh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TIB TINEX P:
-Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TIB TINEX P:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TIB TINEX P:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TIB TINEX P:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TIB TINEX P:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
70131-50-9
Bentonite, acid-leached
274-324-8
Acid-leached bentonite
Clay adsorbent
DTXSID8028977
EC 274-324-8
EINECS 274-324-8
Bleaching clay
Active clay CS-1055
montmorillonite K 10
Bentonite, acid-leached
Bentonit, Sure-gebleicht
ACTIVATED BLEACHING EARTH
Sud Chemie Tonsil Optimum FF
bentonite acid-leached powder
ACTIVATED BLEACHING EARTH CS-1040

Tris(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; 1,1',1''-nitrilotri-2-propanol; Tris-(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol; Nitrilotris(2-propanol); 3,3',3"-Nitrilotri(2-propanol); Tris(2-propanol)amine; Tri-2-propanolamine CAS NO:122-20-3

TIPA Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is an amine used for a variety of industrial applications including as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate. TIPA is also used to neutralize acidic components of some herbicides. Physical characteristic: Clear Yellowish Chemical formula: Molecular weight: g/mol Type of packaging: Barrel It is in the amine group of alcohol. It is used widely in the sectors of paint and building. Properties Chemical formula C9H21NO3 Molar mass 191.271 g·mol−1 Appearance White to off-white solid Melting point 48–52 °C (118–126 °F; 321–325 K)[1] Boiling point 305 °C (581 °F; 578 K) TIPA is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2NH2. It is an amino alcohol. The term isopropanolamine may also refer more generally to the additional homologs diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA). TIPA is chiral. It can be prepared by the addition of aqueous ammonia to propylene oxide. Biosynthesis (R)-TIPA is one of the components incorporated in the biosynthesis of cobalamin. The O-phosphate ester is produced from threonine by the enzyme Threonine-phosphate decarboxylase. Applications The isopropanolamines are used as buffers. They are good solubilizers of oil and fat, so they are used to neutralize fatty acids and sulfonic acid-based surfactants. Racemic TIPA is typically used in metalworking fluid, waterborne coatings, personal care products, and in the production of titanium dioxide and polyurethanes.[5] It is an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of pharmaceutical drugs.[citation needed] (R)-TIPA is metabolised to aminoacetone by the enzyme (R)-aminopropanol dehydrogenase. Isopropanolamines, due to their properties, have a wide range of applications as emulsifiers, stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, neutralizers. In addition, they are used as an intermediate chemical for the production of surfactants and optical brighteners, as well as for the purification of industrial gases. Very effective as a component of coolants and plastics, and moreover as an antistatic agent in the paper industry. They are used as additives for concrete and cement. They are used in the production of corrosion inhibitors, in the paint and varnish industry and coatings. CAS No. 78-96-6; CAS No. 110-97-4; CAS No. 122-20-3. Common product names: Monoisopropanolamine, MIPA, Monoizopropanolamine, MIPA, 1-amino-2-propanol, Diisopropanolamine; DIPA; Diizopropanolamine, DIPA, 1,1-Iminobispropan-2-ol; Bis (2-propanolamine), di (2-hydroxypropyl) amine; 1,1-iminodi-2-propanol; dipropyl-2,2-dihydroxyamine, Triisopropanolamine, TIPA, Triizopropanolamine, TIPA, 1,1 ', 1-nitrilotri-2-propanol. Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is a compound of hydroxylamine with an organic amine and hydroxyl used in a mixture, especially to increase the final strength of cement, concrete and mortar. Areas of use TIPA is used in the following conditions and applications. For high-performance concrete production. • For the production of precast concrete For concrete admixture formulations where setting is desired. For the production of ready-mixed concrete with and without a pump. • To increase the hardening and setting of concrete. Application details It is generally compatible to use TIPA in formulations of concrete admixtures with raw materials based on naphthalenesulfonate, melamine sulfonate, lignin sulfonate and polycarboxylate. TIPA is a chemical compound with the molecular formula used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate.[2] TIPA can be prepared by the reaction of isopropanolamine or ammonia with propylene oxide. A basic chemical used in many applications serving as an emulsifier, stabilizer, chemical intermediate and neutralizer that achieves basicity, buffering and alkalinity objectives. Building block in the manufacture of triazine based corrosion inhibitors. It acts as a neutralizers for water-based coatings. Uses: Neutralize fatty acids and sulfonic acid-based surfactants Metalworking fluids Used in many applications to achieve basicity, buffering and alkalinity objectives. Benefits: Good solubilizers of oil and fat Offer heat and color stability Low formulation costs. Properties These values are not intended for use in preparing specifications. Typical Properties Chemistry Tri Performance Benefits Acid Gas Removal, Acidic Herbicide Neutralization, Concrete Compressive Strength, Corrosion Inhibitor, Grinding Aid, Intermediate, pH Regulator, Pigment Dispersant, Processing Agent, Reactive Agent Product Description DOW Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is a basic chemical used in many applications serving as emulsifiers, stabilizers, chemical intermediates and neutralizers that achieve basicity, buffering and alkalinity objectives. Major applications include water-based coating applications and agricultural products. Additional applications are antistat agents for polymers, corrosion inhibitor, electrodeposition/electrocoating, lubricants, paper, pigment dispersion, plastics, polyurethane additive, reaction intermediates, rubber curing, surfactants, mineral dispersion, and urethanes. DOW Triisopropanolamine is available as TIPA 99, TIPA Low Freeze Grade (LFG) & TIPA 101. · TIPA 99—This commercial grade triisopropanolamine is a tertiary amine. · TIPA LFG—This triisopropanolamine is a low freeze grade variation of TIPA for easier handling in colder ambient temperatures (freezing point: 5ºC/41ºF). It is a blend of 85% TIPA and 15% deionized water. · TIPA 101—This triisopropanolamine is the non-prime product from the process. It is a blend of 90% TIPA and highers and 10% deionized water, with a freezing point of 17.2ºC/62.6ºF Features and Benefits Coatings · Cross-linker in special niche water-based coating applications · In waterborne coatings: good acid neutralization, improves water solubility, blocks organic acids in water, improves package stability, reduces water-sensitivity and discoloration Herbicides/Algaecides/Fungicides/Pesticides · Neutralizes acidic herbicides and other acidic components. · Good water solubility, freeze stability Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ The objective of this study was to evaluate the maternal and developmental toxicity of Picloram K and /triisopropanolamine/ TIPA salts in rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg/kg/day of Picloram K or TIPA salt on days 6 through 15 of gestation. Maternal observations included changes in behavior and demeanor, feed consumption, body weight gain, gross pathologic alterations, liver and kidney weights and various reproductive parameters. On day 20 of gestation, fetuses were removed following cesarean section, weighed and examined for external, visceral and skeletal alterations. Maternal toxicity was noted in high dose females administered Picloram TIPA salt. Dams given 1000 mg/kg/day of Picloram TIPA salt had decreased feed consumption and body weight gain during the exposure period. No adverse maternal effects were observed with Picloram K salt and neither Picloram K or Picloram TIPAsalts were embryo/fetotoxic or teratogenic at any dose level. Thus, the developmental no-observed-effect-levels for Picloram K and TIPA salts were 1000 mg/kg/day CAS # 122-20-3 EINECS # 204-528-4 GROUPS / USES Agriculture Intermediates, Chemical Synthesis, Water-Borne Coatings, Crosslinkers, Emulsifiers, Solvents, Stabilizer SYNONYMS TIPA, 1,1,1-Nitrilotripropan-2-Ol FORMULA C9H21NO3 CATEGORIES Adhesives & Sealants, Coatings, Construction Chemicals, Corrosion Inhibitors, Flavor & Fragrance, Household, Industrial & Institutional Chemicals, Industrial Chemicals, Lubricant & Grease, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Surfactants & Emulsifiers TIPA is a white solid with slight odor of ammonia. Denser than water . TIPA is widely used as emulsifiers, stabilizers, surfactants and chemical intermediates. Major applications include: coatings as a cross-linker, acid neutralizer to improve product stability and pesticides as a neutralizer and to improve product stability. TIPA is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Diisopropanolamine, TIPA, isopropanolamine, & mixed isopropanolamine are used as water-soluble emulsifiers & neutralizers in cosmetic products at concns up to 1%. In animal studies these ingredients were slightly toxic to practically nontoxic to rats & guinea pigs via acute oral admin. TIPA was relatively nontoxic to rats in the two subchronic oral studies. These ingredients were moderate skin irritants for rabbits. All four ingredients, when tested at 100% concns, were severe ocular irritants in rabbits. Products containing small amounts (1%) of diisopropanolamine or TIPA, isopropanolamine were not ocular irritants in rabbits. The TIPA salt was not mutagenic in Aspergillus nidulans. ... Clinical studies on cosmetic products containing no more than 1% diisopropanolamine or 1.1% TIPA were minimal skin irritant & contact sensitizers. It is concluded that diisopropanolamine, TIPA, isopropanolamine, & mixed isopropanolamine are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use & concn. TIPA's production and use as a crosslinking agent for coatings, emulsifiers and surfactants, and use as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates TIPA will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase TIPA will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3 hours. Particulate-phase TIPA will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. TIPA absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, TIPA is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. The pKa of TIPA is 8.06, indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected based on the Henry's Law constant. TIPA is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. TIPA was found to be not readily biodegradable using the Japanese MIT test where TIPA had only a 3.4% BODT after 4 weeks. However, the results of other ready, inherent and simulation tests have indicated that TIPA is readily susceptible to biodegradation in water and soil with CO2 the dominant degradation product under aerobic conditions. One soil metabolism study found a TIPA half-life of approximately 2 days. If released into water, TIPA is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCF values of <0.57 in carp fish suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. TIPA is expected to be stable to aqueous hydrolysis in the environment. The most likely route of occupational exposure to TIPA is the dermal route, but inhalation exposure to aerosols is also possible. Because TIPA, or TIPA-derived fatty acid soaps and salts may be used in a wide variety of personal care products, the most likely route of consumer exposure to TIPA in these products would be via the dermal route. TIPA's production and use as a crosslinking agent for coatings, emulsifiers and surfactants, and use as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that TIPA is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of TIPA is 8.06(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of TIPA from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). TIPA is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). TIPA was found to be not readily biodegradable using the Japanese MIT test where TIPA had only a 3.4% BODT after 4 weeks(5). However, the results of other ready, inherent and simulation tests have indicated that TIPA is readily susceptible to biodegradation with CO2 the dominant degradation product under aerobic conditions(3). One soil metabolism study found a TIPA half-life of approximately 2 days(3,4). Air & Water Reactions Water soluble Fire Hazard Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes containing carbon monoxide, and/or carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. Behavior in Fire: Toxic fumes containing carbon monoxide, and/or carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. (USCG, 1999) Health Hazard Irritation of eyes and skin. May cause slight corneal injury or burn. Repeated contact may cause skin burn. Heated vapor may cause moderate respiratory irritation. Low to moderately toxic by oral routes. (USCG, 1999) Reactivity Profile TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE (TIPA) neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that TIPA is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF value of <0.57 in carp fish(5) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). TIPA was found to be not readily biodegradable using the Japanese MIT test where TIPA had only a 3.4% BODT after 4 weeks(6). However, the results of other ready, inherent and simulation tests have indicated that TIPA is readily susceptible to biodegradation with CO2 the dominant degradation product under aerobic conditions(7). In a lake water-sediment batch study, TIPA had a half-life of 14.3 days with 62% mineralization to CO2(7). TIPA is expected to be stable to aqueous hydrolysis in the environment(8). According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), TIPA, which has a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase TIPA is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase TIPA may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). TIPA absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). TIPA, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L(1). In a biodegradation test, TIPA reached 0%, 46%, and >46% of its theoretical BOD in 5, 10, and 20 days, respectively, using surface water or sewage treatment inoculum(2). TIPA, present at 30 mg/L, reached 3.4% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(3). In inherent biodegradability BOD tests (system pre-acclimated to test compound), TIPA had 51%, 75% and >75% degradation after a 5-day, 10-day and 20-day incubation periods respectively(2). In a soil batch system using an initial TIPA concentration of 3.3 ppm, TIPA had a half-life of 2 days with 66-72% mineralization to CO2(2) and complete mineralization at 20 days(4). In a lake water-sediment batch system using an initial TIPA concentration of 2.3 ppm, TIPA had a half-life of 14.3 days with 62% mineralization to CO2(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of TIPA with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). TIPA is expected to be stable to aqueous hydrolysis in the environment(2). TIPA absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). During a 6 week period using carp fish (Cyprinus carpio), BCF values of <0.06 and <0.57 were measured for TIPA at respective concentrations of 2.5 and 0.25 mg/L(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of TIPA can be estimated to be 10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that TIPA is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of TIPA is 8.06(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). The Henry's Law constant for TIPA is estimated as 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that TIPA is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). TIPA's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). TIPA acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of TIPA is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1). NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 64,304 workers (8,631 of these are female) are potentially exposed to TIPA in the US(1). The most likely route of occupational exposure to TIPA is the dermal route, but inhalation exposure to aerosols is also possible(2). Because TIPA, or TIPA-derived fatty acid soaps and salts may be used in a wide variety of personal care products, the most likely route of consumer exposure to TIPA in these products would be via the dermal route(2). TIPA – Set Accelerating And Strength Enhancer Raw Material for High-Range Water Reducing / Superplasticizer Concrete-Cement Admixtures Product Definition Triisopropanolamine is a hydroxylamine compound with organic amine and Hydroxyl used in admixture especially for increasing final strengths of cement, concrete and mortar. Use Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is used in the following conditions and applications. • For high performance concrete production. • For precast and precast concrete production. • For concrete admixture formulations where early strength is desired. • For Ready-mixed concrete production with and without pump. • For increasing the final and early strength of concrete. • Improves the grinding efficiency resulting energy savings. Application Details It is generaly compatible to use TIPA in concrete admixture recipes with Naphthalene Sulfonate, Melamine Sulfonate, Lignin Sulfonate and Polycarboxylate based raw materials. General description Triisopropanolamine (TIPA), a tertiary alkanolamine, is majorly used as a grinding chemical that reduces agglomeration in the ball milling process and changes the particle distribution of the finished cement. Application TIPA can act as an interfacial transition zone (ITZ) to improve the mechanical properties of the mortar and the concrete. It can also be used to increase the compressive strength of the cement-fly ash system by accelerating the hydration of both the compounds. The amine Triisopropanolamine is used in industrial applications as a stabilizer, intermediate and as an emulsifier. What Is It? TIPA and Diisopropanolamine are white solids, whereas Isopropanolamine and Mixed Isopropanolamines occur as clear, colorless liquids. In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of permanent waves and other hair products, and bath, skin, fragrance and indoor tanning products. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? TIPA, Diisopropanolamine, Isopropanolamine and Mixed Isopropanolamines are used to control the pH of cosmetics and personal care products, and these ingredients help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified. TIPA also prevents the corrosion (rust) of metallic materials used in packaging cosmetics and personal care products. Scientific Facts: Diisopropanolamine and Isopropanolamine have a tendency to darken in color with prolonged exposure to air or iron. TIPA reduces the tendency of a metal used in packaging to be attacked by the contents of the package. Triisopropanolamine is used as a cross-linker in special niche water-based coating applications. The cement and concrete industries use TIPA as a grinding aid, and it is used in concrete admixtures. TIPA is used as a neutralizing agent in agricultural products and water borne coatings. APPLICATIONS Cement & Concrete improves the grinding efficiency resulting in energy savings; prevents from agglomeration or clumping; as water reducing agent. Rubber curing Chain terminator in isoprene polymerization. Polyurethane Used as Cross-linker to improve PU foam quality. Metal working to improve corrosion protection, antioxidant. PACKAGE Net weight 200kg/ iron drum ;1000kg IBC drum;20 tons flexibag STORAGE Shelf time of TIPA is one year, and after then it could still be available once has passed a chemical test. SAFETY & TOXICITY Generally present no toxicity, alkalescency but do not irritate skin. Higher flashing point, it should be prevented the material from spilling into the eyes while handling.

TIPA-LAURETH SULFATE, N° CAS : 107600-36-2, Nom INCI : TIPA-LAURETH SULFATE, Classification : Sulfate, Composé éthoxylé, Règlementé, Restriction en Europe : III/62 Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

Synonyms: nano titanium dioxide;HoMbikat catalyst grade (for rearrangeMent reactions);TitaniuM(IV) oxide nanopowder, 21 nM particle size (TEM), >=99.5% trace Metals basis;TitaniuM(IV) oxide, Mixture of rutile and anatase nanoparticles, <150 nM particle size (voluMe distribution, DLS), dispersion, 33-37 wt. % in H2O, 99.5% trace Metals basis;TitaniuM(IV) oxide, Mixture of rutile and anatase nanopowder, <100 nM particle size (BET), 99.5% trace Metals basis;Aeroxide? P25;Titania nanofibers;Titania nanowires CAS: 13463-67-7

Titan Rutil R 5566 is a chemical pigment used primarily in the manufacturing of paints, coatings, plastics, and various other industrial applications.
Titan rutil R 5566 is a type of Titan rutil R 5566 pigment, which is commonly used as a white pigment due to its excellent opacity, brightness, and UV resistance properties.

CAS Number: 13463-67-7
EC Number: 236-675-5

Titanium oxide, Titanium(IV) oxide, TiO2, Rutile, Anatase, Brookite, Titanium white, Pigment white 6, CI 77891, E171, Titanium(IV) dioxide, Dioxotitanium, Titania, Rutile Titan rutil R 5566, Anatase Titan rutil R 5566, Brookite Titan rutil R 5566, Titanyl dioxide, Titanium oxide, Titanium(IV) oxide hydrate, Titanium peroxide, Titanic acid, Oxotitanium, Titanium oxide brown, Titanium oxide black, Titanium(IV) oxide, hydrate, Titan rutil R 5566, rutile form, Titan rutil R 5566, anatase form, Titan rutil R 5566, amorphous, Titanium(IV) oxide, nanopowder, Titan rutil R 5566, nanoscale, Titan rutil R 5566, ultrafine, Titanium oxide (TiO2), Titan rutil R 5566 nanoparticles, Titan rutil R 5566 (TiO2) nanopowder, Titan rutil R 5566 (TiO2) ultrafine powder, Titan rutil R 5566 (TiO2) nanowires, Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) nanowires, Titanium oxide nanoparticles, Titanium oxide nanowires, TiO2 nanoparticles, TiO2 nanowires, TiO2 nano-particles, TiO2 nano-wires, Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) nanoparticle dispersion, Titan rutil R 5566 (TiO2) nanoparticle dispersion, Titan rutil R 5566 (TiO2) nanoparticle paste, Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) nanowire dispersion, Titan rutil R 5566 (TiO2) nanowire dispersion, Titan rutil R 5566 (TiO2) nanowire paste, Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) nanopowder dispersion, Titan rutil R 5566 (TiO2) nanopowder dispersion, Titan rutil R 5566 (TiO2) nanopowder paste



APPLICATIONS


Titan rutil R 5566 is extensively used as a pigment in paints and coatings to provide whiteness, opacity, and durability.
Titan rutil R 5566 is a key ingredient in interior and exterior paints, primers, and industrial coatings for various substrates.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the manufacturing of plastics to enhance brightness and color stability.

Titan rutil R 5566 is incorporated into plastic products such as packaging materials, automotive parts, and consumer goods.
The compound is utilized in the production of ceramic glazes and enamels to achieve glossy finishes and vibrant colors.

Titan rutil R 5566 is a common additive in cosmetics and personal care products, including sunscreen, foundation, and toothpaste.
Titan rutil R 5566 provides UV protection in sunscreens by scattering and reflecting harmful ultraviolet rays.

Titan rutil R 5566 is employed as a whitening agent in paper production to improve paper brightness and print quality.
Titan rutil R 5566 is added to paper coatings, ink formulations, and specialty papers to enhance optical properties.
The compound is used in the food industry as a food additive (E171) to whiten and brighten products such as confectionery, dairy, and baked goods.

Titan rutil R 5566 is utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals as a coloring agent for tablets, capsules, and topical formulations.
Titan rutil R 5566 is incorporated into dental materials, including toothpaste and dental composites, for its whitening and polishing properties.
Titan rutil R 5566 is a vital component of photocatalytic coatings used for self-cleaning surfaces in architectural and automotive applications.

Titan rutil R 5566 helps to break down organic pollutants and eliminate dirt and grime when exposed to sunlight.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used as a catalyst support in various chemical processes, including hydrogenation and oxidation reactions.

Titan rutil R 5566 is employed in the manufacturing of optical lenses and mirrors for its high refractive index and light-scattering properties.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the production of glass to improve brightness, clarity, and UV-blocking capabilities.
Titan rutil R 5566 is a crucial ingredient in the formulation of inks and toners for printing applications, including offset, flexographic, and digital printing.

Titan rutil R 5566 is utilized in the construction industry as a whitening and weather-resistant additive in concrete, mortar, and stucco.
Titan rutil R 5566 is incorporated into coatings for metal surfaces to provide corrosion protection and aesthetic appeal.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the production of automotive paints and finishes for vehicles, bicycles, and other transportation equipment.

Titan rutil R 5566 is utilized in the formulation of adhesives, sealants, and caulks for its bonding and filling properties.
Titan rutil R 5566 is employed in the manufacture of rubber products, including tires, belts, and hoses, to improve durability and resistance to weathering.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the textile industry as a whitening agent for fabrics, yarns, and fibers.
Titan rutil R 5566 finds applications in various industrial processes, including wastewater treatment, air purification, and catalysis, due to its photocatalytic and adsorption properties.

Titan rutil R 5566 is utilized in the formulation of printing inks for packaging materials, labels, and flexible films.
Titan rutil R 5566 enhances print quality, color brightness, and ink adhesion to substrates.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the production of ceramic tiles and porcelain products for its high opacity and color stability.

Titan rutil R 5566 is incorporated into glass fibers and reinforced plastics to improve strength, durability, and UV resistance.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the manufacturing of optical brightening agents (OBAs) for textiles, paper, and detergents to enhance whiteness and brightness.

Titan rutil R 5566 is employed in the production of magnetic recording media, such as tapes and disks, for its reflective properties.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the formulation of artist paints and pastels for its lightfastness and color purity.
Titan rutil R 5566 is added to wood coatings and finishes to provide UV protection and enhance wood grain appearance.

Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the production of printing plates and photoresists for lithographic and screen printing processes.
Titan rutil R 5566 is incorporated into floor coatings and sealers for its abrasion resistance and decorative properties.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the formulation of anti-icing and de-icing coatings for aircraft, roadways, and marine structures.
Titan rutil R 5566 is employed in the manufacturing of ceramic capacitors and resistors for electronic applications.

Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the production of photovoltaic cells and solar panels as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer.
Titan rutil R 5566 is utilized in the formulation of cosmetic and skincare products, including foundations, BB creams, and anti-aging serums.
Titan rutil R 5566 is added to plastic films and packaging materials to improve barrier properties and extend shelf life.

Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the production of architectural glass for windows, doors, and facades to reduce glare and heat transmission.
Titan rutil R 5566 is incorporated into dental materials, such as dental cements and composites, for its opacity and biocompatibility.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the production of automotive coatings and finishes for its weatherability and scratch resistance.

Titan rutil R 5566 is employed in the formulation of industrial coatings for machinery, equipment, and infrastructure for corrosion protection and aesthetic appeal.
Titan rutil R 5566 is added to food packaging materials, such as films and containers, to enhance opacity and protect food products from light-induced degradation.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the production of specialty papers, including photographic paper and security paper, for its optical properties.
Titan rutil R 5566 is incorporated into inkjet inks for digital printing applications, including signage, textiles, and packaging.

Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the formulation of cosmetic powders and pressed makeup products for oil absorption and mattifying properties.
Titan rutil R 5566 is employed in the production of thermal barrier coatings for aerospace and industrial gas turbine applications.
Titan rutil R 5566 finds applications in the manufacturing of abrasive materials, such as sandpaper and grinding wheels, for surface finishing and polishing.



DESCRIPTION


Titan Rutil R 5566 is a chemical pigment used primarily in the manufacturing of paints, coatings, plastics, and various other industrial applications.
Titan rutil R 5566 is a type of Titan rutil R 5566 pigment, which is commonly used as a white pigment due to its excellent opacity, brightness, and UV resistance properties.
Titan Rutil R 5566 specifically refers to a grade or formulation of Titan rutil R 5566 pigment produced by a specific manufacturer or supplier.
Titan rutil R 5566 is known for its high quality and performance characteristics, making it suitable for a wide range of applications where white coloration and opacity are desired.

Titan rutil R 5566 is a naturally occurring mineral compound.
Titan rutil R 5566 has a white, opaque appearance and is commonly used as a pigment.

Titan rutil R 5566 is known for its high refractive index, making it highly reflective and bright.
Titan rutil R 5566 is chemically inert and stable under normal conditions.

Titan rutil R 5566 has excellent UV-blocking properties, making it suitable for use in sunscreens and UV-resistant coatings.
Titan rutil R 5566 is insoluble in water and most organic solvents.
Titan rutil R 5566 is found in various crystalline forms, including rutile, anatase, and brookite.

Rutile Titan rutil R 5566 exhibits a tetragonal crystal structure and is the most thermodynamically stable form.
Anatase Titan rutil R 5566 has a different crystal structure, with lower density and higher reactivity compared to rutile.

Brookite Titan rutil R 5566 is the least common form and has an orthorhombic crystal structure.
Titan rutil R 5566 nanoparticles have gained attention for their unique properties and potential applications in nanotechnology.

Titan rutil R 5566 is widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, plastics, and ceramics.
Titan rutil R 5566 imparts brightness, opacity, and durability to these products.
Titan rutil R 5566 is also used as a filler and opacifier in various consumer products, including cosmetics and toothpaste.

Titan rutil R 5566 is commonly used in the food industry as a food additive (E171) to whiten and brighten foods.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as a coloring agent in tablets and capsules.
Titan rutil R 5566 is inert and non-toxic, making it safe for use in consumer products.

Titan rutil R 5566 is often incorporated into building materials, such as concrete and glass, for its reflective properties.
Titan rutil R 5566 is used in the production of optical coatings for lenses and mirrors due to its high refractive index.

Titan rutil R 5566 is a key component of solar panels, where it acts as a semiconductor material to convert sunlight into electricity.
Titan rutil R 5566 is mined from mineral deposits or produced synthetically through chemical processes.
Titan rutil R 5566 production involves refining and purification steps to achieve desired purity levels.

The global demand for Titan rutil R 5566 continues to grow due to its versatile properties and wide-ranging applications.
Ongoing research explores new uses and innovations in Titan rutil R 5566 technology.
Titan rutil R 5566 plays a crucial role in numerous industries, contributing to the quality, performance, and sustainability of various products and technologies.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: TiO2
Molecular Weight: 79.87 g/mol (for TiO2)
Physical State: Solid (at room temperature and pressure)
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Tasteless
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Generally insoluble in organic solvents
Melting Point: 1,843°C (rutile), 1,856°C (anatase), 1,200-1,300°C (brookite)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: 4.23 g/cm³ (rutile), 3.89 g/cm³ (anatase), 4.00 g/cm³ (brookite)
Crystal Structure: Rutile (tetragonal), Anatase (tetragonal), Brookite (orthorhombic)
Refractive Index: 2.49 (rutile), 2.55 (anatase), 2.60 (brookite)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs (rutile and anatase), 5.5-6.0 Mohs (brookite)
Electrical Conductivity: Non-conductive
Thermal Conductivity: Low
Thermal Expansion: Low
Chemical Stability: Generally stable under normal conditions
Hygroscopicity: Low
Toxicity: Generally considered non-toxic, but inhalation of fine particles may cause respiratory irritation
Flammability: Non-flammable
UV Absorption: Strong UV absorption properties
Photocatalytic Activity: Exhibits photocatalytic activity under UV light
Optical Properties: High refractive index, high opacity, excellent brightness
Photostability: Stable under exposure to light



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Titan rutil R 5566 dust is inhaled, immediately remove the affected person to fresh air.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If breathing is difficult or stopped, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest until medical help arrives.


Skin Contact:

If Titan rutil R 5566 comes into contact with the skin, remove contaminated clothing and footwear immediately.
Wash the affected area with soap and water thoroughly for at least 15 minutes to remove any residual particles.
If irritation, redness, or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Do not attempt to rub or scratch the affected area, as this may worsen irritation.


Eye Contact:

If Titan rutil R 5566 enters the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open and rinse under gently running water to ensure thorough irrigation.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable after flushing.
Seek medical attention promptly, even if irritation seems minor.


Ingestion:

If Titan rutil R 5566 is ingested accidentally, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and do not induce vomiting.
Provide the affected person with water to drink in small sips if they are conscious and not showing signs of distress.
Seek medical attention immediately, and provide information about the quantity ingested and the time of ingestion.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.


General First Aid:

Monitor the affected person's vital signs, including breathing, pulse, and level of consciousness.
Keep the individual warm and comfortable while awaiting medical assistance.
If medical attention is required, transport the person to a healthcare facility promptly.
Have the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or product label available for medical personnel.
If symptoms persist or worsen, follow the advice of medical professionals.


Additional Measures:

Provide supportive care as needed, including pain relief and wound management.
Follow any specific first aid instructions provided on the product label or Safety Data Sheet.
Do not attempt to treat severe chemical burns or injuries without professional medical assistance.
If necessary, call emergency services or poison control for further guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety goggles or face shield, chemical-resistant gloves, long-sleeved clothing, and respiratory protection (e.g., N95 respirator), when handling Titan rutil R 5566 to prevent skin contact, eye irritation, and inhalation of dust.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area to minimize the buildup of airborne dust and vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation or dust collection systems to capture and remove airborne particles generated during handling and processing.

Avoidance of Contact:
Minimize skin contact with Titan rutil R 5566 by wearing appropriate protective clothing and gloves.
Avoid inhaling dust or fumes by working in areas with adequate ventilation and using respiratory protection as necessary.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Handle Titan rutil R 5566 carefully to prevent spills and leaks.
Clean up spills immediately using appropriate absorbent materials, such as vermiculite or sand, and dispose of contaminated materials properly.
Avoid sweeping or dry sweeping to prevent the generation of airborne dust.

Equipment Handling:
Use non-sparking tools and equipment to minimize the risk of ignition when handling Titan rutil R 5566.
Ensure that handling equipment, such as containers, pumps, and hoses, is compatible with Titan rutil R 5566 to prevent chemical reactions or contamination.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Titan rutil R 5566 away from incompatible materials, such as acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents, to prevent chemical reactions or contamination.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling Titan rutil R 5566 and before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the restroom.
Avoid touching the face, eyes, nose, or mouth with contaminated hands to prevent inadvertent exposure.


Storage:

Container Selection:
Store Titan rutil R 5566 in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or stainless steel, to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.

Temperature and Humidity:
Store Titan rutil R 5566 in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources to prevent degradation and agglomeration.
Maintain storage temperatures within the recommended range specified by the manufacturer.

Segregation:
Segregate Titan rutil R 5566 from food, beverages, and animal feed to prevent contamination.
Store away from sources of ignition or heat to minimize the risk of fire or spontaneous combustion.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid dropping or mishandling containers of Titan rutil R 5566 to prevent spills and leaks.
Use appropriate material handling equipment, such as forklifts or pallet jacks, to move and transport containers safely.

Labeling and Identification:
Ensure that containers of Titan rutil R 5566 are labeled with the appropriate product name, hazard warnings, handling instructions, and storage conditions.
Keep storage areas well-organized and clearly labeled to facilitate easy identification and access.

Synonyms: nano titanium dioxide;HoMbikat catalyst grade (for rearrangeMent reactions);TitaniuM(IV) oxide nanopowder, 21 nM particle size (TEM), >=99.5% trace Metals basis;TitaniuM(IV) oxide, Mixture of rutile and anatase nanoparticles, <150 nM particle size (voluMe distribution, DLS), dispersion, 33-37 wt. % in H2O, 99.5% trace Metals basis;TitaniuM(IV) oxide, Mixture of rutile and anatase nanopowder, <100 nM particle size (BET), 99.5% trace Metals basis;Aeroxide? P25;Titania nanofibers;Titania nanowires CAS: 13463-67-7

Titanium isopropoxide is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
Titanium isopropoxide has a complex structure.


CAS Number: 546-68-9
EC Number: 208-909-6
MDL Number: MFCD00008871
Chemical formula: C12H28O4Ti



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Titanium isopropoxide, also commonly referred to as titanium tetraisopropoxide or TTIP, is a chemical compound with the formula Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4.
This alkoxide of titanium(IV) is used in organic synthesis and materials science.
Titanium isopropoxide is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule.


Titanium isopropoxide is a component of the Sharpless epoxidation, a method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
The structures of the titanium alkoxides are often complex.
Crystalline titanium methoxide is tetrameric with the molecular formula Ti4(OCH3)16.


Alkoxides derived from bulkier alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol aggregate less.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
The primary method of synthesis involves the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol.


This reaction is exothermic and produces corrosive coproducts such as hydrogen chloride and must be controlled carefully to prevent overheating and associated ignition and corrosion risks.
Titanium isopropoxide is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid that is typically stored under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon, to prevent degradation.


Moreover, Titanium isopropoxide is often supplied in amber glass or metal containers, which protect against chemical and photochemical degradation.
Special handling equipment is necessary to exclude any contact with air or moisture causing premature hydrolysis of the compound.
Ultimately, the production and use of Titanium isopropoxide is a complex process that demands a high degree of precision, safety, and quality control.


Through continuous research and innovation, methods are continually being refined to enhance efficiency, increase yield, eliminate unwanted byproducts, and safety of these processes by reduction of toxicity when used to replace traditional catalysts.
Titanium isopropoxide is colorless to light yellow transparent liquid.


Titanium isopropoxide is water rapid hydrolysis, soluble in alcohol, ether, ketone, benzene, and other organic solvents.
Titanium isopropoxide has a complex structure.
In crystalline state, Titanium isopropoxide is a tetramer.


Non-polymerized in non-polar solvents, Titanium isopropoxide is a tetrahedral diamagnetic molecule.
Isopropyl titanate, also known as Titanium isopropoxide, or titanium tetraisopropoxide is the isopropoxide of titanium (IV), used in organic synthesis and materials science.


Titanium isopropoxide has a complex structure.
In crystalline state, Titanium isopropoxide is a tetramer.
Non-polymerized in non-polar solvents, it is a tetrahedral diamagnetic molecule.


Isopropyl titanate, also known as Titanium isopropoxide, titanium tetraisopropoxide is the isopropoxide of titanium (IV), used in organic synthesis and materials science.
Titanium isopropoxide is a precursor for the preparation of Titania.


Titanium isopropoxide is a chemical compound with the formula Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4.
The structures of the titanium alkoxides are often complex.
Crystalline titanium methoxide is tetrameric with the molecular formula Ti4(OCH3)16.


Alkoxides derived from bulkier alcohols such isopropanol aggregate less.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
Titanium isopropoxide is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide can also be used as raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry and the preparation of metal and rubber, metal and plastic adhesives.
Titanium isopropoxide can also be used as surface modifier, adhesion promoter and paraffin and oil additives.


Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium isopropoxide in a two-step sol-gel process.
Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.


Titanium isopropoxide is applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2 nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.
Titanium isopropoxide is used for ester exchange reaction.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as an auxiliary agent and chemical product intermediate.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to make adhesives, as a catalyst for transesterification and polymerization reactions.
Binders for preparing metals and rubber, metals and plastics, Titanium isopropoxide is also used as catalysts for transesterification and polymerization reactions and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.


Titanium isopropoxide is used catalyst for esterification reactions, and transesterification reactions of acrylic acid and other esters.
Titanium isopropoxide is used as Ziegler (Ziegler Natta) catalyst in polymerization reactions such as epoxy resin, phenolic plastic, silicone resin, polybutadiene, etc.


Titanium isopropoxide has high stereoselectivity.
In the paint, Titanium isopropoxide is used a variety of polymers or resins play a cross-linking role, improving the anti-corrosion ability of the coating, etc.


Titanium isopropoxide is also used to promote the adhesion of the coating to the surface.
Titanium isopropoxide can be directly used as a material surface modifier, adhesive promoter.
Titanium isopropoxide is used polymerization catalyst.


Titanium isopropoxide is used for transesterification.
Titanium isopropoxide can adhere paint, rubber and plastic to metal.
Titanium isopropoxide is used as an additive for the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation reaction of allyl alcohol.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a catalyst for transesterification reaction with various alcohols under neutral conditions.
Titanium isopropoxide can be formed by a sol-gel two-step method.
Titanium isopropoxide is used new metal oxide/phosphonate hybrid.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a raw material for barium strontium titanate film.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to prepare porous titanosilicate, which is a potential ion exchange material for removing radioactive waste.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to form heterogeneous supramolecules composed of TiO2 nanocrystals-violet essence electron acceptor complexes.


Titanium isopropoxide has been proved that it can undergo light-induced electron transfer.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly used for transesterification and condensation reactions in organic synthesis Catalyst.
Titanium isopropoxide is often used as a precursor to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2).


A new metal oxide/phosphonate hybrid can be formed from titanium tetraisopropoxide by sol-gel two-step method.
The raw material of barium strontium titanate film.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to prepare porous titanosilicates, which are potential ion exchange materials for the removal of radioactive wastes.


Titanium isopropoxide is used to form heterogeneous supramolecules composed of TiO2 nanocrystals-violet essence electron acceptor complexes, which have been shown to be capable of light-induced electron transfer.
Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium isopropoxide in a two-step sol-gel process.


Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2 nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.


Titanium isopropoxide is commonly used as a precursor for the preparation of Titania (TiO2)
Titanium isopropoxide is a titanium-based coordination compound, commonly used in the asymmetric
Sharpless epoxidation reaction of allylic alcohols.


Titanium isopropoxide is also used as a catalyst in Kulinkovich reaction for the synthesis of cyclopropanes.
Titanium isopropoxide is used Chemical Synthesis, Industrial Chemicals, Organic Intermediates.
Titanium isopropoxide is commonly used as a precursor for the preparation of Titania (TiO2).


Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium isopropoxide in a two-step sol-gel process.
Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.


Applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2 nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.
This alkoxide of titanium(IV) is used in organic synthesis and materials science.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium isopropoxide is an active component of Sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.


In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium isopropoxide is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.
Titanium isopropoxide is used for the preparation of adhesives, as a catalyst for transesterification and polymerization
Industry uses of Titanium isopropoxide: Ceramics, Coatings, Polymers (Chemical/Industrial Manufacturing)


Titanium isopropoxide can be used as a precursor for ambient conditions vapour phase deposition such as infiltration into polymer thin films.
The production and use of Titanium isopropoxide requires precision, expertise, and adherence to strict safety guidelines.
Titanium isopropoxide’s wide-ranging applications span several industries.


Its primary use lies within the domain of material science, where Titanium isopropoxide is utilized in the creation of ceramics, glasses, and other materials.
Titanium isopropoxide’s use to prepare porous titanosilicates, has been utilized to form ion exchange media to treat nuclear wastes in the removal of soluble forms of cesium-137 (137Cs).


In the chemical industry, Titanium isopropoxide serves as a catalyst or a precursor to other catalysts in processes like the Sharpless epoxidation, a process used to synthesize 2,3-epoxyalcohols from primary and secondary allylic alcohols.
The pharmaceutical industry also harnesses the catalytic properties of Titanium isopropoxide for certain types of organic reactions, such as transesterification, condensation, addition reactions and polymerization.


-Hair-making uses of Titanium isopropoxide:
Titanium isopropoxide, isopropyl alcohol, and liquid ammonia were heated and dissolved in toluene as a solvent to undergo an esterification reaction.
The reaction product was filtered off by-product ammonium chloride by suction, and the product was obtained by distillation.



PREPARATION OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is prepared by treating titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol.
Hydrogen chloride is formed as a coproduct:
TiCl4 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH → Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 4 HCl



PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide reacts with water to deposit titanium dioxide:
Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 2 H2O → TiO2 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH
This reaction is employed in the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-based materials in the form of powders or thin films.

Typically water is added in excess to a solution of the alkoxide in an alcohol.
The composition, crystallinity and morphology of the inorganic product are determined by the presence of additives (e.g. acetic acid), the amount of water (hydrolysis ratio), and reaction conditions.

Titanium isopropoxide is also used as a catalyst in the preparation of certain cyclopropanes in the Kulinkovich reaction.
Prochiral thioethers are oxidized enantioselectively using a catalyst derived from Ti(O-i-Pr)4.



PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is soluble in anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene and chloroform.



NOTES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is moisture sensitive.
Store Titanium isopropoxide in cool place.
Keep Titanium isopropoxide container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Titanium isopropoxide is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Titanium isopropoxide reacts with water to produce titanium dioxide.



SUMMARY OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide, often abbreviated TTIP, is a crucial compound used in many modern industrial processes that rely on organic synthesis and materials science.

More specifically, Titanium isopropoxide is frequently used in the asymmetric Sharpless epoxidation reaction of allylic alcohols, and as a catalyst in the Kulinkovich reaction for the synthesis of cyclopropanes.
Most commonly, Titanium isopropoxide serves as a precursor for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a substance found in a multitude of applications from paint to sunscreen.

However, Titanium isopropoxide’s flammability and sensitivity to moisture and air presents challenges for its storage and transport.
With the use of appropriate packaging and transport solutions, as well as meticulous environmental control, Titanium isopropoxide’s possible to overcome this challenge.



PRODUCTION METHOD OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide, isopropyl alcohol and liquid ammonia are esterified in toluene, absorbed and filtered to remove by-product ammonium chloride, and then distilled to obtain the finished product.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide reacts with water to deposit titanium dioxide:
Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 2 H2O → TiO2 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH

This reaction is employed in the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-based materials.
Typically water is added to a solution of the alkoxide in an alcohol.
The nature of the inorganic product is determined by the presence of additives (e.g. acetic acid), the amount of water, and the rate of mixing.

Titanium isopropoxide is a component of the Sharpless epoxidation, a method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
Titanium isopropoxide is also used as a catalyst for the preparation of certain cyclopropanes in the Kulinkovich reaction.
Prochiral thioethers are oxidized enantioselectively using catalyst derived from Ti(O-i-Pr)4.



PREPARATION OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is prepared by treating titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol.
Hydrogen chloride is formed as a coproduct:
TiCl4 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH → Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 4 HCl



BACKGROUND OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide has a rich history in the realm of chemical synthesis.
First discovered in the 1950s, Titanium isopropoxide quickly became an essential tool due to its unique chemical properties.
As an alkoxide of titanium, Titanium isopropoxide is an organometallic compound, meaning it is part of a class of compounds that contain a metal directly bonded to an organic molecule, which gives them unique properties.

Titanium isopropoxide is often used in a process known as sol-gel synthesis.
In this method, a solution (sol) is gradually transitioned to a solid (gel) form.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in this process because it can be easily hydrolyzed (reacted with moisture/water) and condensed to first form a colloidal structure and upon further condensation, a connected porous network of titanium dioxide.

This gel can be further aged and dried through supercritical (aerogel), thermal (xerogel) or freeze drying (cryogel) to form a solid powder end product with multiple levels of structure, functionality, and porosity.
Moreover, Titanium isopropoxide is instrumental in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD).

In this process, a volatile precursor like Titanium isopropoxide is used to produce high-quality, thin film materials with atomic level precision control of thickness with uniformity and high repeatability.
These materials are then used in a variety of applications, from microelectronics to solar cells.

While the value of Titanium isopropoxide is well-established, its flammability and sensitivity to moisture and air while beneficial in the sol-gel or MOCVD processes pose significant handling challenges.
It is essential that Titanium isopropoxide's transport and storage be carefully controlled to avoid inherent hazards and also contamination and degradation.

In response to these challenges, the industry has developed specialized handling equipment and stringent environmental control measures to maintain the safety and integrity of this important chemical precursor.
The evolution of Titanium isopropoxide reflects the wider trends in the chemical industry: the constant pursuit of better and safer synthetic methods, the adaptation to increasingly stringent environmental standards, and the development of cutting-edge applications in high-tech industries.

Through its versatile applications, Titanium isopropoxide is significantly contributing to enhancing chemical synthesis, material science, and sustainability in economic and environmental efforts."



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Character light yellow liquid, smoke in humid air.
boiling point 102~104 ℃
freezing point 14.8 ℃
relative density 0.954g/cm3
refractive index 1.46
soluble in a variety of organic solvents.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Chemical formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molar mass: 284.219 g·mol−1
Appearance: colorless to light-yellow liquid
Density: 0.96 g/cm3
Melting point: 17 °C (63 °F; 290 K) approximation
Boiling point: 232 °C (450 °F; 505 K)
Solubility in water: Reacts to form TiO2
Solubility: soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform
Refractive index (nD): 1.46
CAS Number: 546-68-9
Molecular Weight: 284.22 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Melting Point: 14-17 C
Boiling Point: 232 C
Density: 0.96 g/mL
Einecs Number: 208-909-6
HMIS: 2-3-1-X

Molecular Formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 284.25
TSCA: Yes
Delta H Vaporization (kJ/mol): 14.7 kcal/mole
Boiling Point (˚C/mmHg): 58/1
Density (g/mL): 0.937
Flash Point (˚C): 25 °C
Melting Point (˚C): 15-19°
Refractive Index @ 20˚C: 1.4654
Viscosity at 25 ˚C (cSt): 2
Viscosity: 2 cSt
ΔHform: -377 kcal/mol
ΔHvap: 14.7 kcal/mol
Metal content: 16.6-16.9% Ti
Vapor pressure, 50 °C: 0.9 mm
Vapor pressure, 100 °C: 19 mm
Soluble: heptane, isopropanol

Molecular complexity: 1.4
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorlesslight yellow
Odor: alcohol-like
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 14 - 17 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 232 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 41 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 3 mPa.s at 25 °C
Water solubility: insoluble

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: 1,33 hPa at 63 °C
Density: 0,96 g/cm3 at 20 °C - lit.
Relative density: 0,96 at 25 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Compound Formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molecular Weight: 284.22
Appearance: Colorless to yellow liquid
Melting Point: 14-17 °C
Boiling Point: 232 °C
Density: 0.96 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: Reacts to form TiO2

Refractive Index: 1.4640
Exact Mass: N/A
Monoisotopic Mass: 284.147003
Charge: N/A
Melting Point: 16°C to 20°C
Density: 0.955
Boiling Point: 232°C
Flash Point: 46°C (115°F)
Linear Formula: Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4
Refractive Index: 1.464
UN Number: UN2413
Beilstein: 3679474
Sensitivity: Moisture sensitive
Merck Index: 14,9480
Solubility Information: Soluble in anhydrous ethanol,ether,benzene and chloroform.
Formula Weight: 284.23
Percent Purity: 95%
Chemical Name or Material: Titanium(IV) isopropoxide

Formula: C₁₂H₂₈O₄Ti
MW: 284,23 g/mol
Boiling Pt: 240 °C (760 mmHg)
Melting Pt: >15 °C
Density: 0,95 g/cm³
Flash Pt: 46 °C
Storage Temperature: Ambient
MDL Number: MFCD00008871
CAS Number: 546-68-9
EINECS: 208-909-6
UN: 2413
ADR: 3,III
Merck Index: 12,09614
Appearance: Clear liquid (May darken on storage)
Infrared spectrum: Conforms
Melting point: ≥15 °C

Assay: 16.6 to 17.3 % (Ti)
Color scale: ≤100 APHA
CAS Number: 546-68-9
Assay (purity): 97%
Purity method: by gravimetric assay
Molecular weight: 284.22
Form: liquid
Appearance: colorless liquid
Melting point: 14-17C
Boiling point: 232C
Gravimetric assay: %Ti=27.5-28.3
Molecular formula: C12H28O4Ti
Linear formula: Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4
Flash Point: 46°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic

Assay Percent Range: 16.6 to 17.3% (Ti)
Linear Formula: Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4
Refractive Index: 1.4654 to 1.4684
Beilstein: 01,II,382
Fieser: 11,92; 12,90; 13,13; 14,61; 15,308; 16,54; 17,347
Merck Index: 15,9636
Specific Gravity: 0.95
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: hydrolysis.
Other solubilities: soluble in most common organic solvents
Viscosity: 4.3 mPa.s (25°C)
Formula Weight: 284.26
Percent Purity: 98+%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Titanium(IV) isopropoxide



FIRST AID MEASURES of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Handle under nitrogen, protect from moisture.
Store under nitrogen.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Hydrolyzes readily.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Titanium isopropoxide, also commonly referred to as titanium tetraisopropoxide or TTIP, is a chemical compound with the formula Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4.
Titanium isopropoxide is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule.


CAS Number: 546-68-9
EC Number: 208-909-6
MDL number: MFCD00008871
Chemical formula: C12H28O4Ti



SYNONYMS:
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TETRA-I-PROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, Isopropyl orthotitanate, Isopropyl titanate(IV) ((C3H7O)4Ti), Tetraisopropanolatotitanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Tetraisopropyl titanate, Tetrakis(isopropanolato)titanium, Tetrakis(isopropoxide)titanium, Tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium, Tetrakis(isopropylato)titanium(IV), Tetrakis(isopropyloxy)titanium, TIPT, Titanium isopropoxide, Titanium isopropylate, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Titanium tetraisopropylate, Titanium tetrakis(iso-propoxide), Titanium tetrakis(isopropoxide), Titanium(4+) isopropoxide, Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, N.O.S.), A 1, A 1 (TITANATE), ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL, TITANIUM(4+) SALT, ISOPROPYL ORTHOTITANATE, ISOPROPYL TITANATE(IV) ((C3H7O)4TI), ORGATIX TA 10, TETRAISOPROPANOLATOTITANIUM, TETRAISOPROPOXYTITANIUM, TETRAISOPROPYL ORTHOTITANATE, TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE, TETRAKIS(ISOPROPOXY)TITANIUM, TETRAKIS(ISOPROPYLATO)TITANIUM(IV), TETRAKIS(ISOPROPYLOXY)TITANIUM, TILCOM TIPT, TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE (TI(OC3H7)4), TITANIUM ISOPROPYLATE, TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPYLATE, TITANIUM TETRAKIS(ISO-PROPOXIDE), TITANIUM TETRAKIS(ISOPROPOXIDE), TITANIUM(4+) ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM, TETRAKIS(1-METHYLETHOXY)-, TPT, TYZOR TPT, Titanium tetraisopropanolate, 546-68-9, Titanium isopropoxide, Titanium isopropylate, Titanium tetraisopropylate, Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Tilcom TIPT, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Ti Isopropylate, Tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), Isopropyl orthotitanate, Tetraisopropoxytitanium, Tetraisopropanolatotitanium, TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE, propan-2-olate; titanium(4+), A 1 (titanate), Orgatix TA 10, Tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium, Tyzor TPT, Isopropyl Titanate, TTIP, Tetraisopropoxide titanium, Titanium tetra-n-propoxide, Titanium(4+) isopropoxide, Titanic acid isopropyl ester, Titanium, tetrakis(1-methylethoxy)-, Isopropyl alcohol, titanium(4+) salt, Titanium tetrakis(isopropoxide), Isopropyl titanate(IV) ((C3H7O)4Ti), 2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt, titanium(IV) propan-2-olate, 2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt (4:1), Titanium(IV) Tetraisopropoxide, Isopropyl alcohol titanium(4+) salt, 76NX7K235Y, titanium(4+) tetrakis(propan-2-olate), Isopropyl titanate(IV), titanium tetra(isopropoxide), Titanium isopropylate (VAN), TITANIUM (IV) ISOPROPOXIDE, titanium(4+) tetrapropan-2-olate, HSDB 848, Tetraksi(isopropanolato)titanium, NSC-60576, Isopropyl alcohol, titanium salt, Titanic acid tetraisopropyl ester, Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OC3H7)4), EINECS 208-909-6, Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OCH7)4), NSC 60576, Titanic(IV) acid, tetraisopropyl ester, titanium(IV)tetraisopropoxide, C12H28O4Ti, UNII-76NX7K235Y, TIPT, Ti(OiPr)4, tetraisopropoxy titanium, tetraisopropoxy-titanium, titaniumtetraisopropoxide, titaniumtetraisopropylate, titanium(IV)isopropoxide, tetra-isopropoxy titanium, titanium (IV)isopropoxide, tetra-iso-propoxy titanium, titanium tetra-isopropoxide, titanium-tetra-isopropoxide, EC 208-909-6, titanium (4+) isopropoxide, Titanium isopropoxide(TTIP), VERTEC XL 110, tetraisopropoxytitanium (IV), titanium tetra (isopropoxide), titanium(IV)tetraisopropoxide, titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide, TITANUM-(IV)-ISOPROPOXIDE, CHEBI:139496, AKOS015892702, TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPOXIDE [MI], TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE [HSDB], T0133, Q2031021, 2923581-56-8,



Titanium isopropoxide is a chemical compound with the formula Ti(OCH(CH)) (i-Pr).
Titanium isopropoxide is an organotitanium compound that reacts with water to form titanium hydroxide.
Titanium isopropoxide, also commonly referred to as titanium tetraisopropoxide or TTIP, is a chemical compound with the formula Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4.


Titanium isopropoxide is a colourless, slightly yellowish liquid that is very sensitive to moisture.
Titanium isopropoxide is a colourless to light yellow liquid.
Titanium isopropoxide is a colourless to light yellow liquid.


Titanium isopropoxide is a titanium coordination entity consisting of a titanium(IV) cation with four propan-2-olate anions as counterions.
Titanium isopropoxide appears as a water-white to pale-yellow liquid with an odor like isopropyl alcohol.
Titanium isopropoxide is a titanium alkoxide.


Titanium isopropoxide is a highly reactive catalyst & can be used in direct & transesterification reactions.
Titanium isopropoxide is a titanium alkoxide.
Titanium isopropoxide appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild odor.


The basic structure of Titanium isopropoxide consists of four isopropanol groups attached to a central titanium atom.
Titanium isopropoxide is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone, but insoluble in water.
This alkoxide of titanium(IV) is used in organic synthesis and materials science.


Titanium isopropoxide is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule.
Titanium isopropoxide is a component of the Sharpless epoxidation, a method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
Titanium isopropoxide is a highly reactive catalyst & can be used in direct & transesterification reactions.


Titanium isopropoxide is a type of very lively primary alcohol titanium oxide; it hydrolyzes when contacted with moisture in air.
Titanium isopropoxide belongs to the product group of organic titanates, which are known to be highly reactive organics that can be used in a broad range of processes and applications.


Titanium isopropoxide is a colourless, slightly yellowish liquid that is very sensitive to moisture.
Typical users in plasticizer, acrylate and methacrylate manufacturers.
Titanium isopropoxide appears as a water-white to pale-yellow liquid with an odor like isopropyl alcohol.


Titanium isopropoxide appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Titanium isopropoxide, with the chemical formula C12H28O4Ti, has the CAS number 546-68-9.
Titanium isopropoxide, with the chemical formula C12H28O4Ti, has the CAS number 546-68-9.


Titanium isopropoxide is important to handle this chemical with caution and use appropriate protective measures to avoid any potential harm.
The structures of the titanium alkoxides are often complex.
Crystalline titanium methoxide is tetrameric with the molecular formula C12H28O4Ti.


Titanium isopropoxide has a low vapor pressure and a high melting point, which makes it well suited for use in high temperature environments.
Titanium isopropoxide is a titanium coordination entity consisting of a titanium(IV) cation with four propan-2-olate anions as counterions.
Titanium isopropoxide is an alkoxy titanate with a high level of reactivity.


Titanium isopropoxide belongs to organic titanates group.
Titanium isopropoxide is a highly reactive organic widely used in different applications as well as processes.
This slighty yellow to colorless liquid, Titanium isopropoxide is highly-sensitive to moisture.


Titanium isopropoxide is an organic titanate that has a wide range of applications across several industries.
Titanium isopropoxide is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid that is typically stored under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon, to prevent degradation.


Moreover, Titanium isopropoxide is often supplied in amber glass or metal containers, which protect against chemical and photochemical degradation.
Titanium isopropoxide belongs to the product group of organic titanates, which are known to be highly reactive organics that can be used in a broad range of processes and applications.


Titanium isopropoxide is a colorless, slighty yellowish liquid that is very sensitive to moisture.
Titanium isopropoxide is an organic compound composed of titanium and isopropyl groups (-C(CH3)2).
Special handling equipment is necessary to exclude any contact with air or moisture causing premature hydrolysis of the compound.


Ultimately, the production and use of Titanium isopropoxide is a complex process that demands a high degree of precision, safety, and quality control.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
Titanium isopropoxide has a complex structure.


Titanium isopropoxide is a chemical compound with the formula Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4.
The structures of the titanium alkoxides are often complex.
Crystalline titanium methoxide is tetrameric with the molecular formula Ti4(OCH3)16.


Alkoxides derived from bulkier alcohols such isopropanol aggregate less.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
Titanium isopropoxide is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule.


Alkoxides derived from bulkier alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol aggregate less.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
The primary method of synthesis involves the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol.


This reaction is exothermic and produces corrosive coproducts such as hydrogen chloride and must be controlled carefully to prevent overheating and associated ignition and corrosion risks.
Through continuous research and innovation, methods are continually being refined to enhance the efficiency, increase yield, eliminate unwanted byproducts and safety of these processes by reduction of toxicity when used to replace traditional catalysts.


Titanium isopropoxide is colorless to light yellow transparent liquid.
Titanium isopropoxide is water rapid hydrolysis, soluble in alcohol, ether, ketone, benzene and other organic solvents.
Titanium isopropoxide has a complex structure.


In crystalline state, Titanium isopropoxide is a tetramer.
Non-polymerized in non-polar solvents, Titanium isopropoxide is a tetrahedral diamagnetic molecule.
Isopropyl titanate, also known as Titanium isopropoxide, titanium tetraisopropoxide is the isopropoxide of titanium (IV), used in organic synthesis and materials science.


Titanium isopropoxide has a complex structure.
In crystalline state, Titanium isopropoxide is a tetramer.
Non-polymerized in non-polar solvents, it is a tetrahedral diamagnetic molecule.


Isopropyl titanate, also known as Titanium isopropoxide, titanium tetraisopropoxide is the isopropoxide of titanium (IV), used in organic synthesis and materials science.
Titanium isopropoxide is a precursor for the preparation of Titania.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is used as an auxiliary agent and chemical product intermediate.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to make adhesives, as a catalyst for transesterification and polymerization reactions.


Titanium isopropoxide is used for ester exchange reaction
Titanium isopropoxide is used as additive and intermediate of chemical products
Titanium isopropoxide is used for making adhesives, as catalysts for transesterification reaction and polymerization reaction.


Titanium isopropoxide is used for making metal and rubber, metal and plastic binder, also used as ester exchange reaction and polymerization reaction catalyst and pharmaceutical industry raw materials.
Titanium isopropoxide is used polymerization catalyst.


Titanium isopropoxide is used transesterification.
Titanium isopropoxide can adhere paint, rubber, plastic to metal.
Binders for preparing metals and rubber, metals and plastics, Titanium isopropoxide is also used as catalysts for transesterification and polymerization reactions and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.


Titanium isopropoxide is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium isopropoxide can be used directly or in directly as a catalyst or catlyst additive,as a coating primer or added to formulation as a adhesion promoter and as the base material in the formation fo sol-get systems or nanoparticle systems or products.


Titanium isopropoxide can be used as sharpless oxidation catalyst.
Titanium isopropoxide is used synthesize all kinds of titanate coupling agent, cross-linking agent and dispersant.
Titanium isopropoxide is a type of very lively primary titanium oxide; it hydrolyzes when contacted with moisture in air.


Titanium isopropoxide is mainly used as catalyst in esterification reaction or transesterification, also being used as catalyst of polyolefin.
Titanium isopropoxide is an active component of sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium isopropoxide is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.



Titanium isopropoxide can also be used as raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry and the preparation of metal and rubber, metal and plastic adhesives.
Titanium isopropoxide can also be used as surface modifier, adhesion promoter and paraffin and oil additives.
nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.


Titanium isopropoxide is used for ester exchange reaction.
Titanium isopropoxide can be used to improve the adherence and crosslinking of resin having group or carboxyl group, used in heat resistant and corrosion resistant coating.


Titanium isopropoxide also can be used in the manufacture of glass and glass fiber.
Titanium isopropoxide can only be used in oil system.
Coating: Glass, metals, fillers and pigments can be treated with Titanium isopropoxide to give increased surface hardness; adhesion promotion; heat, chemical and scratch resistance; coloring effects; light reflection; iridescence; and corrosion resistance


Paint additive: Titanium isopropoxide can be used as an additive in paints to cross-link -OH functional polymers or binders; to promote adhesion; or to act as a binder itself.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly used as catalyst in esterification reaction or transesterification,also being used as catalyst of polyolefin.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium isopropoxide is applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2


Titanium isopropoxide can be used to improve the adherence and crosslinking of resin having alcohol group or carboxyl group, used in heat resistant and corrosion resistant coating.
Titanium isopropoxide also can be used in the manufacture of glass and glass fiber.


Titanium isopropoxide can only be used in oil system.
Titanium isopropoxide is used catalyst especially for asymmetric induction in organic syntheses; in preparation of nanosized TiO2.
Titanium isopropoxide is used complexing agent in sol-gel process.


Titanium isopropoxide is used catalyst for esterification reactions, and transesterification reactions of acrylic acid and other esters.
Titanium isopropoxide is used as Ziegler (Ziegler Natta) catalyst in polymerization reactions such as epoxy resin, phenolic plastic, silicone resin, polybutadiene, etc.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium isopropoxide is an active component of Sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.


In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium isopropoxide is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.
Titanium isopropoxide is used catalyst to produce plasticizers, polyesters and methacrylic esters.
Titanium isopropoxide is used adhesion promoter.


Titanium isopropoxide has been proved that it can undergo light-induced electron transfer.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly used for transesterification and condensation reactions in organic synthesis Catalyst.
Titanium isopropoxide is often used as a precursor to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2).


Titanium isopropoxide is used cross-linking for polymers.
Titanium isopropoxide is used coatings.
Titanium isopropoxide is used surface modification (metal, glass)


Titanium isopropoxide is used manufacture of scratch resistant glass.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in cross linking agent in wire enamel.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in chelates of ink & Plasticizers Ind.


Titanium isopropoxide is used for heat-resistant surface coatings in paints, lacquers, and plastics; for hardening and cross-linking of epoxy, silicon, urea, melamine, and terephthalate resins and adhesives; and for adhesion of paints, rubber, and plastics to metals.
Titanium isopropoxide is also used in catalysts, glass surface treatments, flue gas sorbents, controlled-release pesticides, and dental compositions (to bond to enamel).


Titanium isopropoxide is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium isopropoxide is an active component of Sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
Titanium isopropoxide is an active component of sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.


In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium isopropoxide is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.
Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium isopropoxide in a two-step sol-gel process.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to make nano-sized titanium dioxide.


Titanium isopropoxide can be used as an adhesion promoting and cross-linking agent for hydroxylic compounds or heat and corrosion resistant coatings.
Titanium isopropoxide is most suitable for use in the glass and glass fiber manufacturing.
Titanium isopropoxide can be used directly or in directly as a catalyst or catlyst additive,as a coating primer or added to formulation as a adhesion promoter and as the base material in the formation fo sol-get systems or nanoparticle systems or products.


Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is also used to promote the adhesion of the coating to the surface.
Titanium isopropoxide can be directly used as a material surface modifier, adhesive promoter.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a chemical additive and an intermediate in chemical products.
Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium isopropoxide is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.


Titanium isopropoxide is used exchange Reaction for Esters
Titanium isopropoxide is used as additives and intermediates in chemical products
Titanium isopropoxide is used polymerization catalyst.


A new metal oxide/phosphonate hybrid can be formed from titanium tetraisopropoxide by sol-gel two-step method.
The raw material of barium strontium titanate film.
Titanium isopropoxide can be used as sharpless oxidation catalyst.


Titanium isopropoxide is used synthesize all kinds of titanate coupling agent, cross-linking agent and dispersant.
Titanium isopropoxide is most commonly used as a Lewis acid and a Ziegler–Natta catalyst.
Titanium isopropoxide is used catalyst to produce plasticizers, polyesters and methacrylic esters.


Titanium isopropoxide is used adhesion promoter, Cross-linking for polymers, Coatings, Surface modification (metal, glass)
Titanium isopropoxide is ideal to be used as a catalyst to develop polyesters and plasticizers.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to prepare porous titanosilicates, which are potential ion exchange materials for the removal of radioactive wastes.


Titanium isopropoxide is used to form heterogeneous supramolecules composed of TiO2 nanocrystals-violet essence electron acceptor complexes, which have been shown to be capable of light-induced electron transfer.
In addition to this, Titanium isopropoxide is also used as adhesion promoter, coater, etc.


Titanium isopropoxide can be used as an esterification catalyst for plasticizers, polyesters, methacrylic esters, resins, polycarbonates, polyolefins and RTV silicone sealants.
Titanium isopropoxide can also be used for coating chemicals as a cross linker for wire enamel varnish, glass and zinc flake coatings.


Titanium isopropoxide is most suitable for use in the glass and glass fiber manufacturing.
Titanium isopropoxide may be used as an adhesion promoter for packaging ink such as flexo and gravure.
Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium isopropoxide in a two-step sol-gel process.


Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2 nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.


Titanium isopropoxide is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium isopropoxide has a wide range of applications in various industries.
Pigment production: Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment widely used in the paint, cosmetic, and food industries.


Organic synthesis: Titanium isopropoxide is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis reactions, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals.
Polymer synthesis: Titanium isopropoxide is used as an initiator for the polymerization of vinyl monomers and as a coupling agent for polymer-polymer and polymer-inorganic material interactions.


Adhesion promoter: Titanium isopropoxide can act as an adhesion promoter, improving the adhesion of coatings and adhesives to various substrates.
Electronics: Titanium isopropoxide is used in the production of thin-film capacitors and in the fabrication of metal-insulator-metal capacitors.
Surface treatment: Titanium isopropoxide can be used for the surface treatment of metals, ceramics, and glass to improve their properties, such as corrosion resistance and adhesion.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a catalyst for transesterification reaction with various alcohols under neutral conditions.
Titanium isopropoxide can be formed by a sol-gel two-step method.
Titanium isopropoxide is used new metal oxide/phosphonate hybrid.


Applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2 nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.
Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium isopropoxide in a two-step sol-gel process.


These are some of the common applications of Titanium isopropoxide, and its use may vary depending on the specific needs of each industry.
Titanium isopropoxide is used catalyst to produce plasticizers, polyesters, and methacrylic esters.
Titanium isopropoxide is used adhesion promoter, Cross-linking for polymers, Coatings, and Surface modification (metal, glass).


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment widely used in paint, cosmetics, and food industries.
Titanium isopropoxide is also used as a starting material in the synthesis of other titanium compounds and as a catalyst in organic synthesis.


Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium isopropoxide is commonly used as a precursor for the preparation of Titania (TiO2)


Titanium isopropoxide is a titanium-based coordination compound, commonly used in the asymmetric
Sharpless epoxidation reaction of allylic alcohols.
Titanium isopropoxide is also used as a catalyst in Kulinkovich reaction for the synthesis of cyclopropanes.


Titanium isopropoxide is used Chemical Synthesis, Industrial Chemicals, Organic Intermediates.
Titanium isopropoxide is commonly used as a precursor for the preparation of Titania (TiO2).
Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium isopropoxide in a two-step sol-gel process.


Titanium isopropoxide is used to make adhesives and as catalysts for transesterification and polymerization
Titanium isopropoxide can be used to prepare adhesives for metal and rubber, metal and plastics, catalysts for transesterification and polymerization, and raw materials for pharmaceutical industry.


Titanium isopropoxide is used industrial catalyst, pesticide intermediates, plastic rubber auxiliaries, pharmaceutical raw materials.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly used as catalyst for esterification and polymerization of organic synthesis.
Titanium isopropoxide is also used as adhesive for metal and rubber, metal and plastic, and used as coating additive and medical organic synthesis.


Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium isopropoxide can be used as an additive to improve the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces, such as steel and copper.


Titanium isopropoxide has high stereoselectivity.
In the paint, Titanium isopropoxide is used a variety of polymers or resins play a cross-linking role, improving the anti-corrosion ability of the coating, etc.
Titanium isopropoxide is used for transesterification.


Titanium isopropoxide is used for titanate coupling agent、crosslinking agent and dispersant synthesis.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly used as a catalyst for ester exchange and condensation reactions in organic synthesis.
Titanium isopropoxide is often used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium dioxide (TiO2).


A new type of metal oxide/phosphonate hybrid can be formed from Titanium isopropoxide by a two-step sol-gel process.
Titanium isopropoxide can adhere paint, rubber and plastic to metal.
Titanium isopropoxide is used as an additive for the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation reaction of allyl alcohol.


Applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2 nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.
This alkoxide of titanium(IV) is used in organic synthesis and materials science.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium isopropoxide is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium isopropoxide is an active component of Sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.


In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium isopropoxide is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.
Titanium isopropoxide is used for the preparation of adhesives, as a catalyst for transesterification and polymerization
Titanium isopropoxide is a the raw material for the strontium barium titanate thin film.


Titanium isopropoxide is used to prepare porous titanium silicate, which is a potential ion exchange material for removing radioactive waste.
Titanium isopropoxidet has been demonstrated that heterogeneous supramolecules composed of TiO2 nanocrystals and viologen electron acceptor complexes can undergo photo induced electron transfer.


Titanium isopropoxide is perfect for use as a synthesis catalyst and as an ingredient for pharmaceutical coatings.
Industry uses of Titanium isopropoxide: Ceramics, Coatings, Polymers (Chemical/Industrial Manufacturing)
Titanium isopropoxide can be used as a precursor for ambient conditions vapour phase deposition such as infiltration into polymer thin films.


The production and use of Titanium isopropoxide requires precision, expertise, and adherence to strict safety guidelines.
Titanium isopropoxide is a versatile chemical used in various applications such as catalysis, polymerization, and surface treatment of materials.
Titanium isopropoxide is commonly used as a precursor for the synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles, which are widely used in nanotechnology applications.


Titanium isopropoxide comes in a 500mL bottle and should be handled with care due to its flammable nature.
Titanium isopropoxide should be stored in a cool, dry place away from sources of ignition or heat.
Proper protective equipment must be worn when handling Titanium isopropoxide.


Titanium isopropoxide’s wide-ranging applications span several industries.
Its primary use lies within the domain of material science, where Titanium isopropoxide is utilized in the creation of ceramics, glasses, and other materials.


No significant environmental impacts have been reported for Titanium isopropoxide if handled properly.
Titanium isopropoxide is a type of very lively primary alcohol titanium oxide; it hydrolyzes when contacted with moisture in air.
Titanium isopropoxide is mainly used as catalyst in esterification reaction or transesterification,also being used as catalyst of polyolefin.


Titanium isopropoxide can be used to improve the adherence and crosslinking of resin having alcohol group or carboxyl group, used in heat resistant and corrosion resistant coating.
Titanium isopropoxide also can be used in the manufacture of glass and glass fiber.


Titanium isopropoxide’s use to prepare porous titanosilicates, has been utilized to form ion exchange media to treat nuclear wastes in the removal of soluble forms of cesium-137 (137Cs).
Titanium isopropoxide also has been shown to have synergistic effects when combined with other additives, such as metal hydroxides or methyl glycosides.


Titanium isopropoxide can only be used in oil system.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to the ester exchange reaction
Intermediates, Titanium isopropoxide is used as fertilizer and chemical products


Titanium isopropoxide is used for making adhesives, used as ester exchange reaction and polymerization catalyst
Titanium isopropoxide is used for making metal and rubber, metal and plastic adhesive
Titanium isopropoxide is a type of very lively primary alcohol titanium oxide; it hydrolyzes when contacted with moisture in air.


Titanium isopropoxide is used as a raw material for barium strontium titanate film.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to prepare porous titanosilicate, which is a potential ion exchange material for removing radioactive waste.
Titanium isopropoxide is used to form heterogeneous supramolecules composed of TiO2 nanocrystals-violet essence electron acceptor complexes.


Titanium isopropoxide is mainly used as catalyst in esterification reaction or transesterification,also being used as catalyst of polyolefin.
Titanium isopropoxide can be used to improve the adherence and crosslinking of resin having alcohol group or carboxyl group, used in heat resistant and corrosion resistant coating.


Titanium isopropoxide also can be used in the manufacture of glass and glass fiber.
In the chemical industry, Titanium isopropoxide serves as a catalyst or a precursor to other catalysts in processes like the Sharpless epoxidation, a process used to synthesize 2,3-epoxyalcohols from primary and secondary allylic alcohols.


The pharmaceutical industry also harnesses the catalytic properties of Titanium isopropoxide for certain types of organic reactions, such as transesterification, condensation, addition reactions and polymerization.


-TiO2 pigments and films:
Micro- or nano-scale TiO2 pigments can be formed from Titanium isopropoxide.
Titanium isopropoxide can also be used to create a polymeric TiO2 film on surfaces via pyrolytic or hydrolytic processes.


-Hair-making uses of Titanium isopropoxide:
Titanium isopropoxide, isopropyl alcohol, and liquid ammonia were heated and dissolved in toluene as a solvent to undergo an esterification reaction.
The reaction product was filtered off by-product ammonium chloride by suction, and the product was obtained by distillation.


-Titanium isopropoxide is mainly used as catalyst for transesterification and condensation in organic synthesis.
Titanium isopropoxide is often used as precursor to prepare titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide).
A new type of metal oxide / phosphonate hybrids can be formed from four isopropanol titanium by sol-gel two step process.
Raw materials for barium strontium titanate thin films.

Porous titanium silicate is a potential ion exchange material for the removal of radioactive waste.
Photoinduced electron transfer has been demonstrated to occur in heterogeneous supramolecules consisting of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide and viologen electron acceptor complexes.


-Coating Industry uses of Titanium isopropoxide:
Titanium isopropoxide is commonly used as a catalyst in the coating industry.
Titanium isopropoxide's purpose in this field involves promoting the curing process of coatings and improving their overall performance.
The mechanism of action in coatings involves the initiation and acceleration of chemical reactions, leading to the formation of a durable and protective coating layer.


-Polymer Industry uses of Titanium isopropoxide:
Titanium isopropoxide is also utilized in the polymer industry as a crosslinking agent.
Titanium isopropoxide's purpose in this field involves creating strong chemical bonds between polymer chains, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties and stability of the polymers.
The mechanism of action in polymer crosslinking involves the formation of covalent bonds between the Titanium isopropoxide and the polymer chains, leading to a three-dimensional network structure.



PREPARATION OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is prepared by treating titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol.
Hydrogen chloride is formed as a coproduct:
TiCl4 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH → Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 4 HCl



PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide reacts with water to deposit titanium dioxide:
Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 2 H2O → TiO2 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH
This reaction is employed in the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-based materials in the form of powders or thin films.

Typically water is added in excess to a solution of the alkoxide in an alcohol.
The composition, crystallinity and morphology of the inorganic product are determined by the presence of additives (e.g. acetic acid), the amount of water (hydrolysis ratio), and reaction conditions.

Titanium isopropoxide is also used as a catalyst in the preparation of certain cyclopropanes in the Kulinkovich reaction.
Prochiral thioethers are oxidized enantioselectively using a catalyst derived from Ti(O-i-Pr)4.



SOLUBILITY OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is soluble in anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene and chloroform.



TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE USAGE IN GLASS INDUSTRY:
Titanium isopropoxide is commonly used as a cross-linking agent and catalyst in the glass industry.

*Anti-reflective coatings:
Titanium isopropoxide is often used as a cross-linking agent in anti-reflective coatings for glass.
The coating helps to reduce glare and improve visibility, making Titanium isopropoxide ideal for applications like eyeglasses, camera lenses, and flat panel displays.


*Self-cleaning coatings:
Titanium isopropoxide is also used to create self-cleaning coatings for glass.
When exposed to sunlight, the coating reacts with oxygen to produce free radicals that break down organic matter on the surface of the glass.
This helps to keep the glass clean and reduces the need for manual cleaning.


*Pigments:
As I mentioned earlier, Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles.
These nanoparticles are used as pigments in glass and ceramic applications, providing improved optical properties and color saturation.
They are often used in products like decorative glassware, ceramic tiles, and automotive glass.


*Scratch-resistant coatings:
Titanium isopropoxide can also be used to create scratch-resistant coatings for glass.
When added to the coating, Titanium isopropoxide reacts with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the glass to create a durable, cross-linked network.
This network helps to protect the glass from scratches, abrasion, and chemical damage, making Titanium isopropoxide ideal for applications like smartphone screens and protective eyewear.



TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE USAGE IN INK INDUSTRY:
Titanium isopropoxide is commonly used in the ink industry as a cross-linking agent and as a catalyst for polymerization reactions.
Here are some specific ways that Titanium isopropoxide is used in the ink industry:


*UV-curable inks:
Titanium isopropoxide is often used as a cross-linking agent in UV-curable inks.
When exposed to UV light, the ink undergoes a polymerization reaction that cross-links the ink molecules and hardens the ink film. Titanium isopropoxide can be added to the ink formulation to promote cross-linking and improve the ink’s adhesion, durability, and resistance to abrasion and chemical attack.


*Pigment dispersions:
Titanium isopropoxide is also used as a dispersant in pigment dispersions for ink formulations.
Titanium isopropoxide helps to stabilize the pigment particles and prevent them from settling out of the ink.
This improves the color consistency and print quality of the ink.


*Metal printing:
Titanium isopropoxide can be used as a catalyst for the polymerization of acrylic resins used in metal printing.
The resin is applied to the metal substrate as an ink and then cured using Titanium isopropoxide as a catalyst.
This creates a durable and scratch-resistant coating on the metal surface.


*Inkjet printing:
Titanium isopropoxide can be added to inkjet inks as a cross-linking agent to improve the ink’s adhesion and durability on various substrates, such as paper, plastic, and metal.

Overall, Titanium isopropoxide is a valuable tool in the ink industry, helping to improve the performance and quality of ink formulations.
Titanium isopropoxide's ability to promote cross-linking, stabilize pigments, and catalyze polymerization reactions makes it a versatile material for ink manufacturers.



NOTES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is moisture sensitive.
Store Titanium isopropoxide in cool place.
Keep Titanium isopropoxide container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Titanium isopropoxide is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Titanium isopropoxide reacts with water to produce titanium dioxide.



PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is soluble in anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene and chloroform.



FEATURES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
*Organic compound composed of titanium and isopropyl groups
*Colorless liquid with a low melting point
*Low toxicity and is considered relatively safe to handle
*Reacts readily with water and air



BENEFITS OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
*Versatile:
Titanium isopropoxide is a versatile compound that can be used in various industries, including pigment production, organic synthesis, and polymer synthesis.

*Efficient:
As a catalyst, Titanium isopropoxide can facilitate organic reactions in a fast and efficient manner.

*High-quality products:
Titanium isopropoxide is used as a precursor for the production of high-quality titanium dioxide pigment used in paints, cosmetics, and food products.

*Precursor for other compounds:
Titanium isopropoxide is used as a starting material for the synthesis of other titanium compounds.

*Adhesion promoter:
Titanium isopropoxide can also act as an adhesion promoter, improving the adhesion of coatings and adhesives to various substrates.

Overall, the features and benefits of Titanium isopropoxide make it a valuable compound in various industries, providing an efficient and versatile solution for the production of high-quality products.



SHELF LIFE OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Under proper storage conditions, the shelf life of Titanium isopropoxide is 12 months.



NOTES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is moisture sensitive.
Store Titanium isopropoxide in cool place.
Keep Titanium isopropoxide container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Titanium isopropoxide is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Titanium isopropoxide reacts with water to produce titanium dioxide.



REACTIONS OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
*Catalyst for the synthesis of acyclic epoxy alcohols and allylic epoxy alcohols.
*Useful for diastereoselective reduction of alpha-fluoroketones.
*Catalyzes the asymmetric allylation of ketones.
*Reagent for the synthesis of cyclopropylamines from aryl and alkenyl nitriles.
*Useful for racemic and/or enantioselective addition of nucleophiles to aldehydes, ketones and imines.
*Catalytic intramolecular formal [3+2] cycloaddition.
*Catalyst for the synthesis of cyclopropanols from esters and organomagnesium reagents



KEY FEATURES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
*Balanced pH value, Purity
*Non-toxic
*Safe to use



AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide fumes in the air.
Titanium isopropoxide is soluble in water.
Titanium isopropoxide decomposes rapidly in water to form flammable isopropyl alcohol.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Metal alkyls, such as Titanium isopropoxide, are reducing agents and react rapidly and dangerously with oxygen and with other oxidizing agents, even weak ones.
Thus, they are likely to ignite on contact with alcohols.



SUMMARY OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide, often abbreviated TTIP, is a crucial compound used in many modern industrial processes that rely on organic synthesis and materials science.

More specifically, Titanium isopropoxide is frequently used in the asymmetric Sharpless epoxidation reaction of allylic alcohols, and as a catalyst in the Kulinkovich reaction for the synthesis of cyclopropanes.
Most commonly, Titanium isopropoxide serves as a precursor for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a substance found in a multitude of applications from paint to sunscreen.

However, Titanium isopropoxide’s flammability and sensitivity to moisture and air presents challenges for its storage and transport.
With the use of appropriate packaging and transport solutions, as well as meticulous environmental control, Titanium isopropoxide’s possible to overcome this challenge.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Dissolve Titanium isopropoxide in dry *C6H6 , filter if a solid separates, evaporate and fractionate.
Titanium isopropoxide is hydrolysed by H2O to give solid Ti2O(iso-OPr)2 m ca 48o


PRODUCTION METHODS OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide reacts with water to deposit titanium dioxide:
Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 2 H2O → TiO2 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH

This reaction is employed in the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-based materials.
Typically water is added to a solution of the alkoxide in an alcohol.
The nature of the inorganic product is determined by the presence of additives (e.g. acetic acid), the amount of water, and the rate of mixing.

Titanium isopropoxide is a component of the Sharpless epoxidation, a method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
Titanium isopropoxide is also used as a catalyst for the preparation of certain cyclopropanes in the Kulinkovich reaction.
Prochiral thioethers are oxidized enantioselectively using catalyst derived from Ti(O-i-Pr)4.



PREPARATION OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide is prepared by treating titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol.
Hydrogen chloride is formed as a coproduct:
TiCl4 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH → Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 4 HCl



BACKGROUND OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Titanium isopropoxide has a rich history in the realm of chemical synthesis.
First discovered in the 1950s, Titanium isopropoxide quickly became an essential tool due to its unique chemical properties.
As an alkoxide of titanium, Titanium isopropoxide is an organometallic compound, meaning it is part of a class of compounds that contain a metal directly bonded to an organic molecule, which gives them unique properties.

Titanium isopropoxide is often used in a process known as sol-gel synthesis.
In this method, a solution (sol) is gradually transitioned to a solid (gel) form.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in this process because it can be easily hydrolyzed (reacted with moisture/water) and condensed to first form a colloidal structure and upon further condensation, a connected porous network of titanium dioxide.

This gel can be further aged and dried through supercritical (aerogel), thermal (xerogel) or freeze drying (cryogel) to form a solid powder end product with multiple levels of structure, functionality, and porosity.
Moreover, Titanium isopropoxide is instrumental in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD).

In this process, a volatile precursor like Titanium isopropoxide is used to produce high-quality, thin film materials with atomic level precision control of thickness with uniformity and high repeatability.
These materials are then used in a variety of applications, from microelectronics to solar cells.

While the value of Titanium isopropoxide is well-established, its flammability and sensitivity to moisture and air while beneficial in the sol-gel or MOCVD processes pose significant handling challenges.
It is essential that Titanium isopropoxide's transport and storage be carefully controlled to avoid inherent hazards and also contamination and degradation.

In response to these challenges, the industry has developed specialized handling equipment and stringent environmental control measures to maintain the safety and integrity of this important chemical precursor.
The evolution of Titanium isopropoxide reflects the wider trends in the chemical industry: the constant pursuit of better and safer synthetic methods, the adaptation to increasingly stringent environmental standards, and the development of cutting-edge applications in high-tech industries.

Through its versatile applications, Titanium isopropoxide is significantly contributing to enhancing chemical synthesis, material science, and sustainability in economic and environmental efforts."



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
Character light yellow liquid, smoke in humid air.
boiling point 102~104 ℃
freezing point 14.8 ℃
relative density 0.954g/cm3
refractive index 1.46
soluble in a variety of organic solvents.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
CAS Number: 546-68-9
Molecular Formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molecular Weight: 284.22
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Density: 0.95 to 0.98 g/ml at 20°C
Composition:
Assay (TiO2 Content): 27.8 - 28.6%
Assay (Ti Content): 16.6% to 16.9%
Storage and Handling:
Storage Temperature: +20°C (Room Temperature)
Storage Conditions: Ambient
Shelf Life: 60 Months
Regulatory Information:

Chemical formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molar mass: 284.219 g•mol−1
Appearance: colorless to light-yellow liquid
Density: 0.96 g/cm3
Melting point: 17 °C (63 °F; 290 K) approximation
Boiling point: 232 °C (450 °F; 505 K)
Solubility in water: Reacts to form TiO2
Solubility: soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform
Refractive index (nD): 1.46
CAS Number: 546-68-9
Molecular Weight: 284.22 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Melting Point: 14-17 C
Boiling Point: 232 C
Density: 0.96 g/mL
Einecs Number: 208-909-6
HMIS: 2-3-1-X

Molecular Formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 284.25
TSCA: Yes
Delta H Vaporization (kJ/mol): 14.7 kcal/mole
Boiling Point (˚C/mmHg): 58/1
Density (g/mL): 0.937
Flash Point (˚C): 25 °C
Melting Point (˚C): 15-19°
Refractive Index @ 20˚C: 1.4654
Viscosity at 25 ˚C (cSt): 2
Viscosity: 2 cSt
ΔHform: -377 kcal/mol
ΔHvap: 14.7 kcal/mol
Metal content: 16.6-16.9% Ti
Vapor pressure, 50 °C: 0.9 mm
Vapor pressure, 100 °C: 19 mm
Soluble: heptane, isopropanol

Molecular complexity: 1.4
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorlesslight yellow
Odor: alcohol-like
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 14 - 17 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 232 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 41 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available

Viscosity, dynamic: 3 mPa.s at 25 °C
Water solubility: insoluble
Molecular Formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molecular Weight: 284.22
Storage: Room Temperature
Shelf Life: 60 Months
HSN Code: 29051990
Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless to pale yellow
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (TiO2 content): 27.8 - 28.6%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 0.96 - 0.98
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: 1,33 hPa at 63 °C
Density: 0,96 g/cm3 at 20 °C - lit.

Relative density: 0,96 at 25 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Compound Formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molecular Weight: 284.22
Appearance: Colorless to yellow liquid
Melting Point: 14-17 °C
Boiling Point: 232 °C
Density: 0.96 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: Reacts to form TiO2

Refractive Index: 1.4640
Exact Mass: N/A
Monoisotopic Mass: 284.147003
Charge: N/A
Melting Point: 16°C to 20°C
Density: 0.955
Boiling Point: 232°C
Flash Point: 46°C (115°F)
Linear Formula: Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4
Refractive Index: 1.464
UN Number: UN2413
Beilstein: 3679474
Sensitivity: Moisture sensitive
Merck Index: 14,9480
Solubility Information: Soluble in anhydrous ethanol,ether,benzene and chloroform.
Formula Weight: 284.23
Percent Purity: 95%
Chemical Name or Material: Titanium(IV) isopropoxide

Formula: C₁₂H₂₈O₄Ti
MW: 284,23 g/mol
Boiling Pt: 240 °C (760 mmHg)
Melting Pt: >15 °C
Density: 0,95 g/cm³
Flash Pt: 46 °C
Storage Temperature: Ambient
MDL Number: MFCD00008871
CAS Number: 546-68-9
EINECS: 208-909-6
UN: 2413
ADR: 3,III
Merck Index: 12,09614
Appearance: Clear liquid (May darken on storage)
Infrared spectrum: Conforms
Melting point: ≥15 °C

Assay: 16.6 to 17.3 % (Ti)
Color scale: ≤100 APHA
CAS Number: 546-68-9
Assay (purity): 97%
Purity method: by gravimetric assay
Molecular weight: 284.22
Form: liquid
Appearance: colorless liquid
Melting point: 14-17C
Boiling point: 232C
Gravimetric assay: %Ti=27.5-28.3
Molecular formula: C12H28O4Ti
Linear formula: Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4
Flash Point: 46°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic

Assay Percent Range: 16.6 to 17.3% (Ti)
Linear Formula: Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4
Refractive Index: 1.4654 to 1.4684
Beilstein: 01,II,382
Fieser: 11,92; 12,90; 13,13; 14,61; 15,308; 16,54; 17,347
Merck Index: 15,9636
Specific Gravity: 0.95
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: hydrolysis.
Other solubilities: soluble in most common organic solvents
Viscosity: 4.3 mPa.s (25°C)
Formula Weight: 284.26
Percent Purity: 98+%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Titanium(IV) isopropoxide



FIRST AID MEASURES of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available


ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Handle under nitrogen, protect from moisture.
Store under nitrogen.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Hydrolyzes readily.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Titanium isopropoxide, also known as titanium tetraisopropoxide or tetraisopropyl titanate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4.
Titanium isopropoxide is an organotitanium compound characterized by its tetrahedral structure, where a titanium (Ti) atom is bonded to four isopropoxy (OCH(CH3)2) groups.

CAS Number: 546-68-9
EC Number: 208-909-6

Synonyms: Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Tetraisopropyl titanate, Tetra(isopropoxy)titanium, Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, Titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide, Titanium tetraisopropylate, Isopropyl titanate, Tetra(propan-2-olato)titanium, Isopropyl alcohol titanium salt, Titanium(IV) bis(propan-2-olate), Tetra(isopropanolato)titanium, Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Titanium tetra(2-propanolate), Isopropanol titanium complex, Tetraisopropyl titanium oxide, Titanium(IV) propan-2-oxide



APPLICATIONS


Titanium isopropoxide is extensively used as a precursor in the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, which are widely employed in paints, coatings, and pigments.
Titanium isopropoxide serves as a key raw material in the production of ceramic materials, where it acts as a sintering aid to improve the density and mechanical properties of ceramics.

In the electronics industry, Titanium isopropoxide is utilized in the deposition of thin films and coatings for electronic devices such as semiconductors and capacitors.
Titanium isopropoxide is a catalyst precursor in the manufacturing of titanium-based catalysts used in various chemical processes, including polymerization and organic synthesis.
Titanium isopropoxide finds application in the production of adhesives and sealants, where it enhances bonding strength and durability on diverse substrates.

Titanium isopropoxide is employed in the formulation of coatings for metal surfaces to improve corrosion resistance and longevity, particularly in marine and automotive applications.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in the aerospace industry for the development of coatings and materials that withstand high temperatures and harsh environmental conditions.
Titanium isopropoxide is utilized in the manufacture of optical coatings and films, contributing to anti-reflective and protective properties in lenses and mirrors.

In the biomedical field, it is investigated for potential applications in drug delivery systems and biomedical implants due to its biocompatibility and controlled release properties.
Titanium isopropoxide plays a role in the synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic materials used in nanotechnology, sensors, and advanced materials.
Titanium isopropoxide is essential in the production of fuel additives and lubricants to improve the efficiency and performance of engines and machinery.

Titanium isopropoxide is used in the formulation of specialty glasses and ceramics for applications requiring high transparency, strength, and thermal stability.
Titanium isopropoxide finds application in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and solar panels to enhance light absorption and energy conversion efficiency.
Titanium isopropoxide is employed in the fabrication of anti-static and anti-fouling coatings for electronic components and marine surfaces.

Titanium isopropoxide is used in the synthesis of inorganic pigments and dyes for paints, inks, and plastics, imparting specific color properties and durability.
Titanium isopropoxide is a cross-linking agent in the production of silicone rubbers and resins, enhancing their mechanical and thermal properties.

Titanium isopropoxide is applied in the preparation of catalyst systems for environmental applications, such as wastewater treatment and air purification.
Titanium isopropoxide plays a crucial role in the synthesis of titanium-containing materials for aerospace alloys, biomedical implants, and structural composites.

Titanium isopropoxide is utilized in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings and materials for construction and industrial applications.
Titanium isopropoxide is investigated for its potential as a photocatalyst in environmental remediation and water purification technologies.

Titanium isopropoxide is used in the formulation of protective coatings for glass and architectural surfaces to enhance weather resistance and longevity.
Titanium isopropoxide finds application in the production of specialty chemicals and polymers with tailored properties for specific industrial applications.

Titanium isopropoxide is essential in the synthesis of high-performance lubricants and greases for automotive, aerospace, and industrial machinery.
Titanium isopropoxide is employed in the manufacture of corrosion-resistant alloys and materials for marine, chemical processing, and oil and gas industries.
Titanium isopropoxide is a versatile compound with wide-ranging applications in materials science, electronics, energy, environmental technologies, and biomedical fields, driving innovation across industries.

Titanium isopropoxide is used in the production of high-performance ceramics used in cutting tools, bearings, and aerospace components.
Titanium isopropoxide serves as a precursor in the synthesis of titanium alkoxides and organotitanium compounds used as coupling agents in polymer chemistry.

Titanium isopropoxide is employed in the formulation of corrosion-resistant coatings for architectural structures, bridges, and automotive parts.
Titanium isopropoxide is crucial in the synthesis of titanium-containing nanomaterials for biomedical imaging and drug delivery applications.

Titanium isopropoxide finds application in the formulation of catalysts for the production of polyolefins, polyesters, and other specialty polymers.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in the preparation of photocatalytic coatings for self-cleaning surfaces and air purification systems.
Titanium isopropoxide is utilized in the manufacturing of abrasion-resistant materials used in industrial flooring and protective coatings.

Titanium isopropoxide plays a role in the production of titanium-based materials used in dental implants and orthopedic prosthetics.
Titanium isopropoxide is employed in the fabrication of superconducting materials and high-temperature superconductors.

Titanium isopropoxide finds application in the synthesis of titanium alkoxides for use as cross-linking agents in polymer composites.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in the formulation of nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties for aerospace and automotive applications.

Titanium isopropoxide is investigated for its potential in 3D printing technologies to create complex structures with superior strength and durability.
Titanium isopropoxide is applied in the production of high-index optical materials for lenses, mirrors, and optical fibers.

Titanium isopropoxide serves as a precursor in the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in cosmetics, sunscreens, and UV-blocking materials.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in the formulation of gas diffusion layers and electrode materials for fuel cells and energy storage devices.

Titanium isopropoxide finds application in the preparation of titanium-based pigments and additives for paints and coatings industry.
Titanium isopropoxide plays a role in the synthesis of titanium-containing zeolites and molecular sieves used in catalysis and adsorption processes.
Titanium isopropoxide is employed in the production of titanium oxide films for antireflective coatings on glass and solar panels.

Titanium isopropoxide is utilized in the formulation of protective coatings for metals exposed to harsh environmental conditions.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in the production of lightweight materials and alloys for automotive, aerospace, and sports equipment applications.

Titanium isopropoxide is employed in the preparation of functional ceramics with tailored electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties.
Titanium isopropoxide finds application in the manufacturing of hybrid organic-inorganic materials for sensor and electronic device applications.

Titanium isopropoxide is used in the synthesis of titanium alkoxides for the production of titanium-based nanoparticles with enhanced catalytic activity.
Titanium isopropoxide is investigated for its potential in the development of bioactive materials and scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Titanium isopropoxide continues to be explored for emerging applications in nanotechnology, advanced materials, and sustainable technologies, driving innovation in various scientific and industrial fields.



DESCRIPTION


Titanium isopropoxide, also known as titanium tetraisopropoxide or tetraisopropyl titanate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4.
Titanium isopropoxide is an organotitanium compound characterized by its tetrahedral structure, where a titanium (Ti) atom is bonded to four isopropoxy (OCH(CH3)2) groups.

Titanium isopropoxide is a chemical compound with a molecular formula Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4.
Titanium isopropoxide appears as a clear to pale yellow liquid under standard conditions.
Titanium isopropoxide is characterized by its tetrahedral structure, where a central titanium atom is bonded to four isopropoxy groups.

Titanium isopropoxide has a molecular weight of approximately 284.22 g/mol.
Titanium isopropoxide has a mild, characteristic odor.

Titanium isopropoxide is soluble in various organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and hydrocarbons, but it is practically insoluble in water.
Titanium isopropoxide is highly reactive due to the presence of titanium-oxygen bonds, making it prone to hydrolysis and oxidation reactions.

Titanium isopropoxide is a precursor in the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, which are widely used in paints, coatings, and sunscreen formulations.
Titanium isopropoxide is also used in the production of ceramic materials due to its ability to serve as a sintering aid.

As a catalyst precursor, it plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of specialty chemicals and polymers.
Titanium isopropoxide finds application in the preparation of titanium-based catalysts for organic reactions.

Titanium isopropoxide is employed in the formulation of adhesives and coatings to enhance bonding strength and durability.
Titanium isopropoxide is utilized in the electronics industry for the production of dielectric films and coatings.

In the aerospace sector, it contributes to the development of high-performance materials resistant to corrosion and high temperatures.
Titanium isopropoxide is known for its role in the synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic materials with tailored properties.

Titanium isopropoxide is used in the fabrication of anti-corrosion coatings for metals and alloys in marine environments.
Titanium isopropoxide is valued in the medical field for its potential applications in drug delivery systems and biomedical devices.

Due to its reactivity, it requires careful handling and storage to prevent unintended reactions.
Titanium isopropoxide is also employed in the manufacture of photocatalysts for environmental remediation applications.
Titanium isopropoxide serves as a cross-linking agent in the production of silicone rubbers and resins, improving mechanical properties.

Titanium isopropoxide is essential in the synthesis of specialty glasses and optical coatings.
Titanium isopropoxide is used in the formulation of fuel additives to improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions.

Titanium isopropoxide is a key ingredient in the production of high-performance lubricants and greases.
Titanium isopropoxide plays a role in the synthesis of inorganic pigments and dyes used in paints, inks, and plastics.
Titanium isopropoxide is a versatile compound with diverse applications across industries, contributing to advancements in materials science, electronics, energy, and environmental technologies.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Clear to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
Molecular Weight: Approximately 284.22 g/mol
Density: ~0.98 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
Melting Point: -24°C (liquid)
Boiling Point: ~265°C (decomposes)
Flash Point: 105°C (closed cup)
Solubility in Water: Practically insoluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and hydrocarbons
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4
Structure: Tetrahedral structure with titanium (Ti) bonded to four isopropoxy (OCH(CH3)2) groups
Reactivity: Highly reactive due to titanium-oxygen bonds, prone to hydrolysis and oxidation reactions
Hydrolysis: Reacts readily with water to form titanium dioxide (TiO2) and isopropanol
Purity: Commercial grades typically ≥ 97% purity
Storage Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Flammability: Flammable liquid, handle with care
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive to metals under normal conditions
Acidity/Basicity: Neutral pH in solution
Compatibility: Compatible with most organic solvents but incompatible with strong acids and bases
Catalytic Activity: Acts as a catalyst or catalyst precursor in various chemical reactions
Redox Properties: Participates in redox reactions involving titanium oxidation states



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Keep the person calm and in a comfortable position.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if trained to do so.
Seek medical attention promptly.


Skin Contact:

Quickly remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation persists, seek medical advice.
Contaminated clothing should be removed and washed before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Flush eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention from an eye specialist.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, after rinsing.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing (e.g., lab coat) when handling Titanium isopropoxide.
Use a respirator if handling in a poorly ventilated area or if there is a risk of inhalation exposure.

Ventilation:
Handle in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
Avoid breathing vapors or mists; use mechanical ventilation if necessary.

Avoid Contact:
Prevent skin contact and avoid eye exposure.
In case of contact, follow first aid measures promptly (see previous response).

Handling Practices:
Use appropriate handling procedures to minimize spills and leaks.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Titanium isopropoxide.
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling.

Transfer and Dispensing:
Use chemical-resistant containers and equipment for transferring and dispensing Titanium isopropoxide.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Titanium isopropoxide in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption and air exposure, which can lead to hydrolysis.
Store away from heat sources, sparks, open flames, and incompatible materials (e.g., acids, bases).

Temperature Control:
Maintain storage temperature between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F) to ensure stability and prevent decomposition.

Incompatibilities:
Avoid storage near strong acids or bases, as Titanium isopropoxide can react violently with these materials.
Store away from oxidizing agents and reactive metals that may accelerate decomposition.

Handling of Large Quantities:
If handling large quantities, ensure adequate ventilation and consider using secondary containment to prevent spills.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label containers with the chemical name, hazards, handling precautions, and emergency contact information.
Keep SDS readily available for reference by personnel handling the chemical.

Titanium tetraisopropanolate appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate, with the chemical formula C12H28O4Ti, has the CAS number 546-68-9.


CAS Number: 546-68-9
EC Number: 208-909-6
MDL number: MFCD00008871
Chemical formula: C12H28O4Ti



SYNONYMS:
Titanium Isopropoxide, Tetra Isopropyl Titanate, Tetraisopropyl Orthotitanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, Ti(IV) isopropoxide, Ti(OiPr)4, titanium isopropoxide, titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium(IV) isopropoxide, ISOPROPYL TITANATE, ISOPROPYL TITANATE(IV);TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM ISO-PROPYLATE, TITANIUM (IV) I-PROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM (IV) TETRA-I-PROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Tetraisopropyl titanate, Isopropyltitanate, Titanium isopropoxide, Titanium(IV) i-propoxide, Tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), TITANIUM ISO-PROPYLATE, titanium(4+) tetrapropan-2-olate, propan-2-ol - titanium (4:1), TPT, ISOPROPYL TITANATE, Titanium tetraisopropanolate, Titanium tetraisopropylate, 2-Propanol,titanium(4+) salt (9CI), Isopropyl alcohol, titanium(4+) salt (8CI), Titaniumisopropoxide (Ti(OC3H7)4) (7CI), 5N (titanate), A 1 (titanate), AKT872, Isopropyl orthotitanate, Isopropyl titanate(IV)((C3H7O)4Ti), NDH 510C, Orgatix TA 10, TA 10, TIPT, TPTA 1, Tetraisopropanolatotitanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Tetrakis(isopropanolato)titanium, Tetrakis(isopropylato)titanium(IV), Tetrakis(isopropyloxy)titanium, Titanium isopropoxide, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Titanium tetrakis(iso-propoxide), Titanium(4+) isopropoxide, Titanium, tetrakis(1-methylethoxy)-, Vertec TIPT, ITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, TTIP, tetraisopropoxytitanium, TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE, ISOPROPYL TITANATE, Titanium(Ⅳ) isopropoxide, TETRAISOPROPYL ORTHOTITANATE, TITANIUM(IV) TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, titanium tetraisopropanolate, titanium iv isopropoxide, tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, titanium isopropoxide, titanium tetraisopropylate, titanium isopropylate, ti isopropylate, tetraisopropoxytitanium iv, isopropyl orthotitanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, 2-Propanol,titanium(4+) salt (4:1), Isopropyl alcohol,titanium(4+) salt, Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OC3H7)4), 2-Propanol,titanium(4+) salt, Tetraisopropyl titanate, Isopropyl titanate(IV) ((C3H7O)4Ti), Tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium, Titanium,tetrakis(1-methylethoxy)-, Titanium tetraisopropylate, Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Titanium(4+) isopropoxide, Tetraisopropoxytitanium, Titanium isopropylate, Isopropyl orthotitanate, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Titanium tetrakis(isopropoxide), Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, Tyzor TPT, Tetrakis(isopropyloxy)titanium, TPT, Titanium isopropoxide, A 1 (titanate), A 1, Orgatix TA 10, Titanium tetrakis(iso-propoxide), Tetraisopropanolatotitanium, Tetrakis(isopropylato)titanium(IV), Tilcom TIPT, Tetrakis(isopropanolato)titanium, TA 10, Tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), 5N (titanate), 5N, Vertec TIPT, AKT 872, TPTA 1, Bistrater H-NDH 510C, NDH 510C, TIPT, Vertec XL 110, Vertec RJCE, Vertec XI 900, Titanium(IV) isoproproxide, Orgatix TA 8, Tetrakis(isopropoxide)titanium, JTW-TPT, 3651-85-2, 50336-56-6, 71515-81-6, 73264-97-8, 94340-28-0, 112797-74-7, 118815-04-6, 119651-13-7, 128796-34-9, 131530-94-4, 147809-57-2, 167709-32-2, 176680-01-6, 186518-71-8, 187601-75-8, 195382-13-9, 198699-88-6, 210407-18-4, 216859-04-0, 244173-55-5, 245654-31-3, 255839-65-7, 259264-35-2, 300564-30-1, 310882-94-1, 347859-73-8, 366477-01-2, 408306-55-8, 505093-57-2, 518050-49-2, 917485-01-9, 918419-31-5, 1004522-95-5, 1016644-08-8, 1149373-13-6, 1245903-59-6, 1352612-45-3, 2120427-28-1, 2408830-00-0, 2448474-288, ISOPROPYL TITANATE, ISOPROPYL TITANATE(IV), TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM ISO-PROPYLATE, TITANIUM (IV) I-PROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM (IV) TETRA-I-PROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, Titanium isopropoxide, Titanium isopropylate, 2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt, Isopropyl alcohol titanium(4+) salt, Isopropyl alcohol, titanium salt, Isopropyl orthotitanate, Isopropyl titanate(IV), Isopropyl titanate(IV) ((C3H7O)4Ti), Orgatix TA 10, Tetraisopropanolatotitanium, Tetraisopropoxide titanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium, Tetraksi(isopropanolato)titanium, Ti Isopropylate, Tilcom TIPT, Titanic acid isopropyl ester, Titanic acid tetraisopropyl ester, Titanic(IV) acid, tetraisopropyl ester, Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OCH7)4), Titanium isopropylate, Titanium isopropylate (VAN), Titanium tetra-n-propoxide, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Titanium tetraisopropylate, Titanium tetrakis(isopropoxide), Titanium(4+) isopropoxide, Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, Titanium, tetrakis(1-methylethoxy)-, Tetra isoprobyl titanate (TIPT), Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, Tetraisopropyl titanate, Titanium(IV) i-propoxide, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) ISOPROPOXIDE,TITANIUM, TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, TTIP, tetraisopropoxytitanium, TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE, ISOPROPYL TITANATE, Titanium(Ⅳ) isopropoxide, TETRAISOPROPYL ORTHOTITANATE, TITANIUM(IV) TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, 2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt, A 1 (titanate), Isopropyl alcohol titanium(4+) salt, Isopropyl alcohol, titanium salt, Isopropyl orthotitanate, Isopropyl titanate(IV), Isopropyl titanate(IV) ((C3H7O)4Ti), Orgatix TA 10, TA 10, Tetraisopropanolatotitanium, Tetraisopropoxide titanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium, Tetrakis(isopropanolato)titanium, Ti Isopropylate, Tilcom TIPT, Titanic acid isopropyl ester, Titanic acid tetraisopropyl ester, Titanic(IV) acid, tetraisopropyl ester, Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OC3H7)4), Titanium isopropylate, Titanium isopropylate (VAN), Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Titanium tetraisopropylate, Titanium tetrakis(isopropoxide), Titanium(4+) isopropoxide, Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, Titanium, tetrakis(1-methylethoxy)-, Tyzor TPT, [ChemIDplus] UN2413, Titanium (IV) isopropoxide, Tetraisopropyl Orthotitanate, Isopropyl Titanate, 2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt, Tetraisopropyl titanate, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Tetraisopropoxy titanium, ISOPROPYL TITANATE, ISOPROPYL TITANATE(IV), TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM ISO-PROPYLATE, TITANIUM (IV) I-PROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM (IV) TETRA-I-PROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, Isopropyl orthotitanate, Isopropyl titanate(IV) ((C3H7O)4Ti), Tetraisopropanolatotitanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium, Tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Tetraisopropyl titanate, Tetrakis(isopropanolato)titanium, Tetrakis(isopropoxide)titanium, Tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium, Tetrakis(isopropylato)titanium(IV), Tetrakis(isopropyloxy)titanium, TIPT, Titanium isopropoxide, Titanium isopropylate, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Titanium tetraisopropylate, Titanium tetrakis(iso-propoxide), Titanium tetrakis(isopropoxide), Titanium(4+) isopropoxide, Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, N.O.S.), A 1, A 1 (TITANATE), ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL, TITANIUM(4+) SALT, ISOPROPYL ORTHOTITANATE, ISOPROPYL TITANATE(IV) ((C3H7O)4TI), ORGATIX TA 10, TETRAISOPROPANOLATOTITANIUM, TETRAISOPROPOXYTITANIUM, TETRAISOPROPYL ORTHOTITANATE, TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE, TETRAKIS(ISOPROPOXY)TITANIUM, TETRAKIS(ISOPROPYLATO)TITANIUM(IV), TETRAKIS(ISOPROPYLOXY)TITANIUM, TILCOM TIPT, TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM ISOPROPOXIDE (TI(OC3H7)4), TITANIUM ISOPROPYLATE, TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPYLATE, TITANIUM TETRAKIS(ISO-PROPOXIDE), TITANIUM TETRAKIS(ISOPROPOXIDE), TITANIUM(4+) ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM(IV) ISOPROPOXIDE, TITANIUM, TETRAKIS(1-METHYLETHOXY)-, TPT, TYZOR TPT, Titanium tetraisopropanolate, 546-68-9, Titanium isopropoxide, Titanium isopropylate, Titanium tetraisopropylate, Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, Tilcom TIPT, Titanium tetraisopropoxide, Ti Isopropylate, Tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), Isopropyl orthotitanate, Tetraisopropoxytitanium, Tetraisopropanolatotitanium, TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE, propan-2-olate; titanium(4+), A 1 (titanate), Orgatix TA 10, Tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium, Tyzor TPT, Isopropyl Titanate, TTIP, Tetraisopropoxide titanium, Titanium tetra-n-propoxide, Titanium(4+) isopropoxide, Titanic acid isopropyl ester, Titanium, tetrakis(1-methylethoxy)-, Isopropyl alcohol, titanium(4+) salt, Titanium tetrakis(isopropoxide), Isopropyl titanate(IV) ((C3H7O)4Ti), 2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt, titanium(IV) propan-2-olate, 2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt (4:1), Titanium(IV) Tetraisopropoxide, Isopropyl alcohol titanium(4+) salt, 76NX7K235Y, titanium(4+) tetrakis(propan-2-olate), Isopropyl titanate(IV), titanium tetra(isopropoxide), Titanium isopropylate (VAN), TITANIUM (IV) ISOPROPOXIDE, titanium(4+) tetrapropan-2-olate, HSDB 848, Tetraksi(isopropanolato)titanium, NSC-60576, Isopropyl alcohol, titanium salt, Titanic acid tetraisopropyl ester, Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OC3H7)4), EINECS 208-909-6, Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OCH7)4), NSC 60576, Titanic(IV) acid, tetraisopropyl ester, titanium(IV)tetraisopropoxide, C12H28O4Ti, UNII-76NX7K235Y, TIPT, Ti(OiPr)4, tetraisopropoxy titanium, tetraisopropoxy-titanium, titaniumtetraisopropoxide, titaniumtetraisopropylate, titanium(IV)isopropoxide, tetra-isopropoxy titanium, titanium (IV)isopropoxide, tetra-iso-propoxy titanium, titanium tetra-isopropoxide, titanium-tetra-isopropoxide, EC 208-909-6, titanium (4+) isopropoxide, Titanium isopropoxide(TTIP), VERTEC XL 110, tetraisopropoxytitanium (IV), titanium tetra (isopropoxide), titanium(IV)tetraisopropoxide, titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide, TITANUM-(IV)-ISOPROPOXIDE, CHEBI:139496, AKOS015892702, TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPOXIDE [MI], TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE [HSDB], T0133, Q2031021, 2923581-56-8



Titanium tetraisopropanolate, with the chemical formula C12H28O4Ti, has the CAS number 546-68-9.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a colourless, slightly yellowish liquid that is very sensitive to moisture.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a colourless to light yellow liquid.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a colourless to light yellow liquid.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a titanium coordination entity consisting of a titanium(IV) cation with four propan-2-olate anions as counterions.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateappears as a water-white to pale-yellow liquid with an odor like isopropyl alcohol.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate, also commonly referred to as titanium tetraisopropoxide or TTIP, is a chemical compound with the formula Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a chemical compound with the formula Ti(OCH(CH)) (i-Pr).


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is an organotitanium compound that reacts with water to form titanium hydroxide.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate, also commonly referred to as titanium tetraisopropoxide or TTIP, is a chemical compound with the formula Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4.
This alkoxide of titanium(IV) is used in organic synthesis and materials science.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a component of the Sharpless epoxidation, a method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild odor.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a titanium alkoxide.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a highly reactive catalyst & can be used in direct & transesterification reactions.
The structures of the titanium alkoxides are often complex.


Crystalline titanium methoxide is tetrameric with the molecular formula C12H28O4Ti.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate has a low vapor pressure and a high melting point, which makes it well suited for use in high temperature environments.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid that is typically stored under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon, to prevent degradation.


Moreover, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is often supplied in amber glass or metal containers, which protect against chemical and photochemical degradation.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a titanium alkoxide.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a highly reactive catalyst & can be used in direct & transesterification reactions.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a type of very lively primary alcohol titanium oxide; it hydrolyzes when contacted with moisture in air.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatebelongs to the product group of organic titanates, which are known to be highly reactive organics that can be used in a broad range of processes and applications.


The basic structure of Titanium tetraisopropanolate consists of four isopropanol groups attached to a central titanium atom.
Special handling equipment is necessary to exclude any contact with air or moisture causing premature hydrolysis of the compound.
Ultimately, the production and use of Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a complex process that demands a high degree of precision, safety, and quality control.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate has a complex structure.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a chemical compound with the formula Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4.


The structures of the titanium alkoxides are often complex.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a colourless, slightly yellowish liquid that is very sensitive to moisture.
Typical users in plasticizer, acrylate and methacrylate manufacturers.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateappears as a water-white to pale-yellow liquid with an odor like isopropyl alcohol.
Crystalline titanium methoxide is tetrameric with the molecular formula Ti4(OCH3)16.
Alkoxides derived from bulkier alcohols such isopropanol aggregate less.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule.
Alkoxides derived from bulkier alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol aggregate less.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a titanium coordination entity consisting of a titanium(IV) cation with four propan-2-olate anions as counterions.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is an alkoxy titanate with a high level of reactivity.


Titanium tetraisopropanolatebelongs to organic titanates group.
The primary method of synthesis involves the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol.
This reaction is exothermic and produces corrosive coproducts such as hydrogen chloride and must be controlled carefully to prevent overheating and associated ignition and corrosion risks.


Through continuous research and innovation, methods are continually being refined to enhance the efficiency, increase yield, eliminate unwanted byproducts and safety of these processes by reduction of toxicity when used to replace traditional catalysts.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is colorless to light yellow transparent liquid.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone, but insoluble in water.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is important to handle this chemical with caution and use appropriate protective measures to avoid any potential harm.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a highly reactive organic widely used in different applications as well as processes.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is water rapid hydrolysis, soluble in alcohol, ether, ketone, benzene and other organic solvents.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate has a complex structure.
In crystalline state, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a tetramer.


Non-polymerized in non-polar solvents, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a tetrahedral diamagnetic molecule.
Isopropyl titanate, also known as Titanium tetraisopropanolate, titanium tetraisopropoxide is the isopropoxide of titanium (IV), used in organic synthesis and materials science.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis an organic titanate that has a wide range of applications across several industries.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatebelongs to the product group of organic titanates, which are known to be highly reactive organics that can be used in a broad range of processes and applications.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate has a complex structure.
In crystalline state, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a tetramer.
Non-polymerized in non-polar solvents, it is a tetrahedral diamagnetic molecule.


Isopropyl titanate, also known as Titanium tetraisopropanolate, titanium tetraisopropoxide is the isopropoxide of titanium (IV), used in organic synthesis and materials science.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a precursor for the preparation of Titania.


This slighty yellow to colorless liquid, Titanium tetraisopropanolateis highly-sensitive to moisture.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a colorless, slighty yellowish liquid that is very sensitive to moisture.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis an organic compound composed of titanium and isopropyl groups (-C(CH3)2).



USES and APPLICATIONS of TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used for ester exchange reaction
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as additive and intermediate of chemical products
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used for making adhesives, as catalysts for transesterification reaction and polymerization reaction


Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used directly or in directly as a catalyst or catlyst additive,as a coating primer or added to formulation as a adhesion promoter and as the base material in the formation fo sol-get systems or nanoparticle systems or products.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used as sharpless oxidation catalyst.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as an auxiliary agent and chemical product intermediate.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to make adhesives, as a catalyst for transesterification and polymerization reactions.


Binders for preparing metals and rubber, metals and plastics, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is also used as catalysts for transesterification and polymerization reactions and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used synthesize all kinds of titanate coupling agent, cross-linking agent and dispersant.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a type of very lively primary titanium oxide; it hydrolyzes when contacted with moisture in air.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis mainly used as catalyst in esterification reaction or transesterification, also being used as catalyst of polyolefin.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used for making metal and rubber, metal and plastic binder, also used as ester exchange reaction and polymerization reaction catalyst and pharmaceutical industry raw materials.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used to improve the adherence and crosslinking of resin having group or carboxyl group, used in heat resistant and corrosion resistant coating.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is an active component of sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can also be used as raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry and the preparation of metal and rubber, metal and plastic adhesives.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate can also be used as surface modifier, adhesion promoter and paraffin and oil additives.
nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used for ester exchange reaction.


Titanium tetraisopropanolatealso can be used in the manufacture of glass and glass fiber.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan only be used in oil system.
Coating: Glass, metals, fillers and pigments can be treated with Titanium tetraisopropanolateto give increased surface hardness; adhesion promotion; heat, chemical and scratch resistance; coloring effects; light reflection; iridescence; and corrosion resistance


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used catalyst for esterification reactions, and transesterification reactions of acrylic acid and other esters.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as Ziegler (Ziegler Natta) catalyst in polymerization reactions such as epoxy resin, phenolic plastic, silicone resin, polybutadiene, etc.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used polymerization catalyst.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used transesterification.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can adhere paint, rubber, plastic to metal.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate has been proved that it can undergo light-induced electron transfer.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is mainly used for transesterification and condensation reactions in organic synthesis Catalyst.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is often used as a precursor to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2).


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is an active component of sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.
Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium tetraisopropanolate in a two-step sol-gel process.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as a chemical additive and an intermediate in chemical products.
Paint additive: Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used as an additive in paints to cross-link -OH functional polymers or binders; to promote adhesion; or to act as a binder itself.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis mainly used as catalyst in esterification reaction or transesterification,also being used as catalyst of polyolefin.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be used to improve the adherence and crosslinking of resin having alcohol group or carboxyl group, used in heat resistant and corrosion resistant coating.


Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is also used to promote the adhesion of the coating to the surface.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be directly used as a material surface modifier, adhesive promoter.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used polymerization catalyst.
A new metal oxide/phosphonate hybrid can be formed from titanium tetraisopropoxide by sol-gel two-step method.
The raw material of barium strontium titanate film.


Titanium tetraisopropanolatealso can be used in the manufacture of glass and glass fiber.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is an active component of Sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can only be used in oil system.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used catalyst especially for asymmetric induction in organic syntheses; in preparation of nanosized TiO2.


Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is also used to promote the adhesion of the coating to the surface.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be directly used as a material surface modifier, adhesive promoter.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used polymerization catalyst.
A new metal oxide/phosphonate hybrid can be formed from titanium tetraisopropoxide by sol-gel two-step method.
The raw material of barium strontium titanate film.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used complexing agent in sol-gel process.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to prepare porous titanosilicates, which are potential ion exchange materials for the removal of radioactive wastes.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to form heterogeneous supramolecules composed of TiO2 nanocrystals-violet essence electron acceptor complexes, which have been shown to be capable of light-induced electron transfer.


Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium tetraisopropanolate in a two-step sol-gel process.
Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.


Applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2 nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis an active component of Sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.
In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium tetraisopropanolateis involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as a catalyst for transesterification reaction with various alcohols under neutral conditions.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be formed by a sol-gel two-step method.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used new metal oxide/phosphonate hybrid.


Applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2 nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.
Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium tetraisopropanolate in a two-step sol-gel process.


Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is commonly used as a precursor for the preparation of Titania (TiO2)


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used catalyst to produce plasticizers, polyesters and methacrylic esters.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used adhesion promoter.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used cross-linking for polymers.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used coatings.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used surface modification (metal, glass)
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used exchange Reaction for Esters


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a titanium-based coordination compound, commonly used in the asymmetric
Sharpless epoxidation reaction of allylic alcohols.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is also used as a catalyst in Kulinkovich reaction for the synthesis of cyclopropanes.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as additives and intermediates in chemical products
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to make adhesives and as catalysts for transesterification and polymerization
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used for heat-resistant surface coatings in paints, lacquers, and plastics; for hardening and cross-linking of epoxy, silicon, urea, melamine, and terephthalate resins and adhesives; and for adhesion of paints, rubber, and plastics to metals.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used Chemical Synthesis, Industrial Chemicals, Organic Intermediates.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is commonly used as a precursor for the preparation of Titania (TiO2).
Novel metal oxide/phosphonate hybrids were formed from Titanium tetraisopropanolate in a two-step sol-gel process.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis also used in catalysts, glass surface treatments, flue gas sorbents, controlled-release pesticides, and dental compositions (to bond to enamel).
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used to make nano-sized titanium dioxide.


Starting material for barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to make porous titanosilicates, potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be used as an additive to improve the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces, such as steel and copper.


Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used as an adhesion promoting and cross-linking agent for hydroxylic compounds or heat and corrosion resistant coatings.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be used to prepare adhesives for metal and rubber, metal and plastics, catalysts for transesterification and polymerization, and raw materials for pharmaceutical industry.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate has high stereoselectivity.
In the paint, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used a variety of polymers or resins play a cross-linking role, improving the anti-corrosion ability of the coating, etc.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used for transesterification.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can adhere paint, rubber and plastic to metal.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as an additive for the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation reaction of allyl alcohol.


Applied in the formation of a heterosupermolecule consisting of a TiO2 nanocrystallite-viologen electron acceptor complex whose light-induced electron transfer has been demonstrated.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used industrial catalyst, pesticide intermediates, plastic rubber auxiliaries, pharmaceutical raw materials.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used manufacture of scratch resistant glass.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used in cross linking agent in wire enamel.
This alkoxide of titanium(IV) is used in organic synthesis and materials science.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium and barium-strontium-titanate thin films.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is useful to make porous titanosilicates and potential ion-exchange materials for cleanup of radioactive wastes.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is an active component of Sharpless epoxidation as well as involved in the synthesis of chiral epoxides.


In Kulinkovich reaction, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is involved as a catalyst in the preparation of cyclopropanes.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used for the preparation of adhesives, as a catalyst for transesterification and polymerization.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used in chelates of ink & Plasticizers Ind.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis most suitable for use in the glass and glass fiber manufacturing.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used as an adhesion promoting and cross-linking agent for hydroxylic compounds or heat and corrosion resistant coatings.
Industry uses of Titanium tetraisopropanolate: Ceramics, Coatings, Polymers (Chemical/Industrial Manufacturing)


Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be used as a precursor for ambient conditions vapour phase deposition such as infiltration into polymer thin films.
The production and use of Titanium tetraisopropanolate requires precision, expertise, and adherence to strict safety guidelines.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate’s wide-ranging applications span several industries.


Its primary use lies within the domain of material science, where Titanium tetraisopropanolate is utilized in the creation of ceramics, glasses, and other materials.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is mainly used as catalyst for esterification and polymerization of organic synthesis.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is also used as adhesive for metal and rubber, metal and plastic, and used as coating additive and medical organic synthesis.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used for titanate coupling agent、crosslinking agent and dispersant synthesis.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis most suitable for use in the glass and glass fiber manufacturing.


Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used directly or in directly as a catalyst or catlyst additive,as a coating primer or added to formulation as a adhesion promoter and as the base material in the formation fo sol-get systems or nanoparticle systems or products.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate’s use to prepare porous titanosilicates, has been utilized to form ion exchange media to treat nuclear wastes in the removal of soluble forms of cesium-137 (137Cs).


Titanium tetraisopropanolate also has been shown to have synergistic effects when combined with other additives, such as metal hydroxides or methyl glycosides.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as a raw material for barium strontium titanate film.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to prepare porous titanosilicate, which is a potential ion exchange material for removing radioactive waste.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to form heterogeneous supramolecules composed of TiO2 nanocrystals-violet essence electron acceptor complexes.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used as sharpless oxidation catalyst.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used synthesize all kinds of titanate coupling agent, cross-linking agent and dispersant.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis most commonly used as a Lewis acid and a Ziegler–Natta catalyst.
In the chemical industry, Titanium tetraisopropanolate serves as a catalyst or a precursor to other catalysts in processes like the Sharpless epoxidation, a process used to synthesize 2,3-epoxyalcohols from primary and secondary allylic alcohols.


The pharmaceutical industry also harnesses the catalytic properties of Titanium tetraisopropanolate for certain types of organic reactions, such as transesterification, condensation, addition reactions and polymerization.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is mainly used as a catalyst for ester exchange and condensation reactions in organic synthesis.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is often used as a precursor for the preparation of titanium dioxide (TiO2).
A new type of metal oxide/phosphonate hybrid can be formed from Titanium tetraisopropanolate by a two-step sol-gel process.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used catalyst to produce plasticizers, polyesters and methacrylic esters.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used adhesion promoter, Cross-linking for polymers, Coatings, Surface modification (metal, glass)
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis ideal to be used as a catalyst to develop polyesters and plasticizers.
In addition to this, Titanium tetraisopropanolateis also used as adhesion promoter, coater, etc.


Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used as an esterification catalyst for plasticizers, polyesters, methacrylic esters, resins, polycarbonates, polyolefins and RTV silicone sealants.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a the raw material for the strontium barium titanate thin film.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to prepare porous titanium silicate, which is a potential ion exchange material for removing radioactive waste.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatet has been demonstrated that heterogeneous supramolecules composed of TiO2 nanocrystals and viologen electron acceptor complexes can undergo photo induced electron transfer.


Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan also be used for coating chemicals as a cross linker for wire enamel varnish, glass and zinc flake coatings.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis most suitable for use in the glass and glass fiber manufacturing.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatemay be used as an adhesion promoter for packaging ink such as flexo and gravure.


Titanium tetraisopropanolatehas a wide range of applications in various industries.
Pigment production: Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used as a precursor for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment widely used in the paint, cosmetic, and food industries.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is perfect for use as a synthesis catalyst and as an ingredient for pharmaceutical coatings.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a versatile chemical used in various applications such as catalysis, polymerization, and surface treatment of materials.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is commonly used as a precursor for the synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles, which are widely used in nanotechnology applications.


Organic synthesis: Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used as a catalyst in organic synthesis reactions, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals.
Polymer synthesis: Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used as an initiator for the polymerization of vinyl monomers and as a coupling agent for polymer-polymer and polymer-inorganic material interactions.


Adhesion promoter: Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan act as an adhesion promoter, improving the adhesion of coatings and adhesives to various substrates.
Electronics: Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used in the production of thin-film capacitors and in the fabrication of metal-insulator-metal capacitors.
Surface treatment: Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be used for the surface treatment of metals, ceramics, and glass to improve their properties, such as corrosion resistance and adhesion.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate comes in a 500mL bottle and should be handled with care due to its flammable nature.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate should be stored in a cool, dry place away from sources of ignition or heat.
Proper protective equipment must be worn when handling Titanium tetraisopropanolate.


No significant environmental impacts have been reported for Titanium tetraisopropanolate if handled properly.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a type of very lively primary alcohol titanium oxide; it hydrolyzes when contacted with moisture in air.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is mainly used as catalyst in esterification reaction or transesterification,also being used as catalyst of polyolefin.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be used to improve the adherence and crosslinking of resin having alcohol group or carboxyl group, used in heat resistant and corrosion resistant coating.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate also can be used in the manufacture of glass and glass fiber.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate can only be used in oil system.
These are some of the common applications of Tetraisopropyl titanate (TIPT), and its use may vary depending on the specific needs of each industry.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used catalyst to produce plasticizers, polyesters, and methacrylic esters.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used adhesion promoter, Cross-linking for polymers, Coatings, and Surface modification (metal, glass).
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used as a precursor for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment widely used in paint, cosmetics, and food industries.


Titanium tetraisopropanolateis also used as a starting material in the synthesis of other titanium compounds and as a catalyst in organic synthesis.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to the ester exchange reaction
Intermediates, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used as fertilizer and chemical products


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used for making adhesives, used as ester exchange reaction and polymerization catalyst
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used for making metal and rubber, metal and plastic adhesive
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a type of very lively primary alcohol titanium oxide; it hydrolyzes when contacted with moisture in air.


Titanium tetraisopropanolate is mainly used as catalyst in esterification reaction or transesterification,also being used as catalyst of polyolefin.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be used to improve the adherence and crosslinking of resin having alcohol group or carboxyl group, used in heat resistant and corrosion resistant coating.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate also can be used in the manufacture of glass and glass fiber.


-Titanium tetraisopropanolate is mainly used as catalyst for transesterification and condensation in organic synthesis.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is often used as precursor to prepare titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide).
A new type of metal oxide / phosphonate hybrids can be formed from four isopropanol titanium by sol-gel two step process.
Raw materials for barium strontium titanate thin films.

Porous titanium silicate is a potential ion exchange material for the removal of radioactive waste.
Photoinduced electron transfer has been demonstrated to occur in heterogeneous supramolecules consisting of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide and viologen electron acceptor complexes.


-Hair-making uses of Titanium tetraisopropanolate:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate, isopropyl alcohol, and liquid ammonia were heated and dissolved in toluene as a solvent to undergo an esterification reaction.
The reaction product was filtered off by-product ammonium chloride by suction, and the product was obtained by distillation.


-Coating Industry uses of Titanium tetraisopropanolate:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is commonly used as a catalyst in the coating industry.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate's purpose in this field involves promoting the curing process of coatings and improving their overall performance.
The mechanism of action in coatings involves the initiation and acceleration of chemical reactions, leading to the formation of a durable and protective coating layer.


-Polymer Industry uses of Titanium tetraisopropanolate:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is also utilized in the polymer industry as a crosslinking agent.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate's purpose in this field involves creating strong chemical bonds between polymer chains, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties and stability of the polymers.

The mechanism of action in polymer crosslinking involves the formation of covalent bonds between the Titanium tetraisopropanolate and the polymer chains, leading to a three-dimensional network structure.


-TiO2 pigments and films:
Micro- or nano-scale TiO2 pigments can be formed from Tetraisopropyl titanate (TIPT).
Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan also be used to create a polymeric TiO2 film on surfaces via pyrolytic or hydrolytic processes.



TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATEUSAGE IN GLASS INDUSTRY:
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis commonly used as a cross-linking agent and catalyst in the glass industry.

*Anti-reflective coatings:
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis often used as a cross-linking agent in anti-reflective coatings for glass.
The coating helps to reduce glare and improve visibility, making Titanium tetraisopropanolateideal for applications like eyeglasses, camera lenses, and flat panel displays.


*Self-cleaning coatings:
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis also used to create self-cleaning coatings for glass.
When exposed to sunlight, the coating reacts with oxygen to produce free radicals that break down organic matter on the surface of the glass.
This helps to keep the glass clean and reduces the need for manual cleaning.


*Pigments:
As I mentioned earlier, Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used as a precursor for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles.
These nanoparticles are used as pigments in glass and ceramic applications, providing improved optical properties and color saturation.
They are often used in products like decorative glassware, ceramic tiles, and automotive glass.


*Scratch-resistant coatings:
Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan also be used to create scratch-resistant coatings for glass.
When added to the coating, Titanium tetraisopropanolatereacts with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the glass to create a durable, cross-linked network.
This network helps to protect the glass from scratches, abrasion, and chemical damage, making Titanium tetraisopropanolateideal for applications like smartphone screens and protective eyewear.



TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATEUSAGE IN INK INDUSTRY:
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis commonly used in the ink industry as a cross-linking agent and as a catalyst for polymerization reactions.
Here are some specific ways that Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used in the ink industry:


*UV-curable inks:
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis often used as a cross-linking agent in UV-curable inks.
When exposed to UV light, the ink undergoes a polymerization reaction that cross-links the ink molecules and hardens the ink film. Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be added to the ink formulation to promote cross-linking and improve the ink’s adhesion, durability, and resistance to abrasion and chemical attack.


*Pigment dispersions:
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis also used as a dispersant in pigment dispersions for ink formulations.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatehelps to stabilize the pigment particles and prevent them from settling out of the ink.
This improves the color consistency and print quality of the ink.


*Metal printing:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate can be used as a catalyst for the polymerization of acrylic resins used in metal printing.
The resin is applied to the metal substrate as an ink and then cured using Titanium tetraisopropanolateas a catalyst.
This creates a durable and scratch-resistant coating on the metal surface.


*Inkjet printing:
Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan be added to inkjet inks as a cross-linking agent to improve the ink’s adhesion and durability on various substrates, such as paper, plastic, and metal.

Overall, Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a valuable tool in the ink industry, helping to improve the performance and quality of ink formulations.
Tetraisopropyl titanate (TIPT)'s ability to promote cross-linking, stabilize pigments, and catalyze polymerization reactions makes it a versatile material for ink manufacturers.



FEATURES OF TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (TIPT):
*Organic compound composed of titanium and isopropyl groups
*Colorless liquid with a low melting point
*Low toxicity and is considered relatively safe to handle
*Reacts readily with water and air



PREPARATION OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is prepared by treating titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol.
Hydrogen chloride is formed as a coproduct:
TiCl4 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH → Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 4 HCl



PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate reacts with water to deposit titanium dioxide:
Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 2 H2O → TiO2 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH
This reaction is employed in the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-based materials in the form of powders or thin films.

Typically water is added in excess to a solution of the alkoxide in an alcohol.
The composition, crystallinity and morphology of the inorganic product are determined by the presence of additives (e.g. acetic acid), the amount of water (hydrolysis ratio), and reaction conditions.

Titanium tetraisopropanolate is also used as a catalyst in the preparation of certain cyclopropanes in the Kulinkovich reaction.
Prochiral thioethers are oxidized enantioselectively using a catalyst derived from Ti(O-i-Pr)4.



SOLUBILITY OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is soluble in anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene and chloroform.



NOTES OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is moisture sensitive.
Store Titanium tetraisopropanolate in cool place.
Keep Titanium tetraisopropanolate container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate reacts with water to produce titanium dioxide.



PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is soluble in anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene and chloroform.



NOTES OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is moisture sensitive.
Store Titanium tetraisopropanolate in cool place.
Keep Titanium tetraisopropanolate container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Titanium tetraisopropanolate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate reacts with water to produce titanium dioxide.



SUMMARY OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate, often abbreviated TTIP, is a crucial compound used in many modern industrial processes that rely on organic synthesis and materials science.

More specifically, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is frequently used in the asymmetric Sharpless epoxidation reaction of allylic alcohols, and as a catalyst in the Kulinkovich reaction for the synthesis of cyclopropanes.
Most commonly, Titanium tetraisopropanolate serves as a precursor for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a substance found in a multitude of applications from paint to sunscreen.

However, Titanium tetraisopropanolate’s flammability and sensitivity to moisture and air presents challenges for its storage and transport.
With the use of appropriate packaging and transport solutions, as well as meticulous environmental control, Titanium tetraisopropanolate’s possible to overcome this challenge.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate reacts with water to deposit titanium dioxide:
Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 2 H2O → TiO2 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH

This reaction is employed in the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-based materials.
Typically water is added to a solution of the alkoxide in an alcohol.
The nature of the inorganic product is determined by the presence of additives (e.g. acetic acid), the amount of water, and the rate of mixing.

Titanium tetraisopropanolate is a component of the Sharpless epoxidation, a method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is also used as a catalyst for the preparation of certain cyclopropanes in the Kulinkovich reaction.
Prochiral thioethers are oxidized enantioselectively using catalyst derived from Ti(O-i-Pr)4.



BENEFITS OF TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (TIPT):
*Versatile:
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis a versatile compound that can be used in various industries, including pigment production, organic synthesis, and polymer synthesis.

*Efficient:
As a catalyst, Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan facilitate organic reactions in a fast and efficient manner.

*High-quality products:
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used as a precursor for the production of high-quality titanium dioxide pigment used in paints, cosmetics, and food products.

*Precursor for other compounds:
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis used as a starting material for the synthesis of other titanium compounds.

*Adhesion promoter:
Titanium tetraisopropanolatecan also act as an adhesion promoter, improving the adhesion of coatings and adhesives to various substrates.

Overall, the features and benefits of Titanium tetraisopropanolatemake it a valuable compound in various industries, providing an efficient and versatile solution for the production of high-quality products.



SHELF LIFE OF TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (TIPT):
Under proper storage conditions, the shelf life of Titanium tetraisopropanolateis 12 months.



PREPARATION OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is prepared by treating titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol.
Hydrogen chloride is formed as a coproduct:
TiCl4 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH → Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 4 HCl



BACKGROUND OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Titanium tetraisopropanolate has a rich history in the realm of chemical synthesis.
First discovered in the 1950s, Titanium tetraisopropanolate quickly became an essential tool due to its unique chemical properties.
As an alkoxide of titanium, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is an organometallic compound, meaning it is part of a class of compounds that contain a metal directly bonded to an organic molecule, which gives them unique properties.

Titanium tetraisopropanolate is often used in a process known as sol-gel synthesis.
In this method, a solution (sol) is gradually transitioned to a solid (gel) form.
Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used in this process because it can be easily hydrolyzed (reacted with moisture/water) and condensed to first form a colloidal structure and upon further condensation, a connected porous network of titanium dioxide.

This gel can be further aged and dried through supercritical (aerogel), thermal (xerogel) or freeze drying (cryogel) to form a solid powder end product with multiple levels of structure, functionality, and porosity.
Moreover, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is instrumental in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD).

In this process, a volatile precursor like Titanium tetraisopropanolate is used to produce high-quality, thin film materials with atomic level precision control of thickness with uniformity and high repeatability.
These materials are then used in a variety of applications, from microelectronics to solar cells.

While the value of Titanium tetraisopropanolate is well-established, its flammability and sensitivity to moisture and air while beneficial in the sol-gel or MOCVD processes pose significant handling challenges.
It is essential that Titanium tetraisopropanolate's transport and storage be carefully controlled to avoid inherent hazards and also contamination and degradation.

In response to these challenges, the industry has developed specialized handling equipment and stringent environmental control measures to maintain the safety and integrity of this important chemical precursor.
The evolution of Titanium tetraisopropanolate reflects the wider trends in the chemical industry: the constant pursuit of better and safer synthetic methods, the adaptation to increasingly stringent environmental standards, and the development of cutting-edge applications in high-tech industries.

Through its versatile applications, Titanium tetraisopropanolate is significantly contributing to enhancing chemical synthesis, material science, and sustainability in economic and environmental efforts."



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
Character light yellow liquid, smoke in humid air.
boiling point 102~104 ℃
freezing point 14.8 ℃
relative density 0.954g/cm3
refractive index 1.46
soluble in a variety of organic solvents.



REACTIONS OF TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (TIPT):
*Catalyst for the synthesis of acyclic epoxy alcohols and allylic epoxy alcohols.
*Useful for diastereoselective reduction of alpha-fluoroketones.
*Catalyzes the asymmetric allylation of ketones.
*Reagent for the synthesis of cyclopropylamines from aryl and alkenyl nitriles.
*Useful for racemic and/or enantioselective addition of nucleophiles to aldehydes, ketones and imines.
*Catalytic intramolecular formal [3+2] cycloaddition.
*Catalyst for the synthesis of cyclopropanols from esters and organomagnesium reagents



KEY FEATURES OF TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (TIPT):
*Balanced pH value, Purity
*Non-toxic
*Safe to use



AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (TIPT):
Titanium tetraisopropanolatefumes in the air.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis soluble in water.
Titanium tetraisopropanolatedecomposes rapidly in water to form flammable isopropyl alcohol.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (TIPT):
Metal alkyls, such as Tetraisopropyl titanate (TIPT), are reducing agents and react rapidly and dangerously with oxygen and with other oxidizing agents, even weak ones.
Thus, they are likely to ignite on contact with alcohols.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF TETRAISOPROPYL TITANATE (TIPT):
Dissolve Titanium tetraisopropanolatein dry *C6H6 , filter if a solid separates, evaporate and fractionate.
Titanium tetraisopropanolateis hydrolysed by H2O to give solid Ti2O(iso-OPr)2 m ca 48o



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
PSA: 36.92000
XLogP3: 3.50280
Appearance: Tetraisopropyl titanate appears as a water-white to
pale-yellow liquid with an odor like isopropyl alcohol.
About the same density as water.
Density: 0.9711 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point: 20 °C (approx)
Boiling Point: 220 °C @ Press: 760 Torr
Flash Point: 72 °F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.464(lit.)
Water Solubility: HYDROLYSIS
Storage Conditions: Flammables area
Vapor Density: 9.8 (AIR= 1)
Experimental Properties:
Dielectric constant: 3.64 @ 62 kilocycles; decomposes rapidly in water.
Air and Water Reactions: Fumes in air.
Soluble in water.
Decomposes rapidly in water to form flammable isopropyl alcohol.

Reactive Group: Bases, Strong
Reactivity Alerts: Highly Flammable
Appearance:
Form: Liquid
Color: Light yellow
Odor: Alcohol-like
Melting Point/Freezing Point:
Melting point/range: 14 - 17 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 232 °C
Flash Point: 45 °C - closed cup
Evaporation Rate: Not available
Flammability (solid, gas): Not available
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: Not available
Vapor Pressure: 1.33 hPa at 63 °C
Vapor Density: Not available
Relative Density: 0.96 g/mL at 20 °C
Water Solubility: Insoluble
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available

Auto-ignition Temperature: Not available
Decomposition Temperature: Not available
Viscosity: Not available
Explosive Properties: Not available
Oxidizing Properties: Not available
Other Safety Information: Not available
Melting point: 14-17 °C (literature value)
Boiling point: 232 °C (literature value)
Density: 0.96 g/mL at 20 °C (literature value)
Vapor pressure: 60.2 hPa at 25°C (literature value)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.464 (literature value)
Flash point: 72 °F
Storage temperature: Flammables area
Solubility: Soluble in anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene, and chloroform.
Form: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Specific Gravity: 0.955
Water Solubility: Hydrolysis

Freezing Point: 14.8°C
Sensitivity: Moisture Sensitive
Hydrolytic Sensitivity: 7 (reacts slowly with moisture/water)
Stability: Stable but decomposes in the presence of moisture.
Incompatible with aqueous solutions, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.05
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: Titanium Tetraisopropylate
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 546-68-9 (CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 76NX7K235Y
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt (546-68-9)
Melting Point: Approximately 20 °C

Boiling Point: 220 °C @ 760 mm Hg
Freezing Point: Approximately 20 °C
Molecular Weight: 284.22 g/mol
Chemical Name: Titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TIPT)
CAS No.: 546-68-9
Molecular Formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molecular Weight: 284.22 g/mol
Description: Pale yellow transparent liquid with a titanium content of 16.7-16.8%
For the product named Titanium tetraisopropanolate with CAS No. 546-68-9:
Appearance: Pale yellow transparent liquid
Content of Titanium: 16.65-16.90% (wt%)
Chloride Content: ≤ 100 ppm
Color: 100
Density: 0.950-0.965 g/cm3
Product Name: Titanium isopropoxide
CAS No.: 546-68-9
Molecular Formula: C3H8O.1/4Ti
InChIKeys: InChIKey=LMCBEWMQFKWHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 284.215
Exact Mass: 284.146698
EC Number: 208-909-6
UNII: 76NX7K235Y
UN Number: 1993
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5027196
Color/Form: Light-yellow liquid|Colorless to light-yellowish fluid
HScode: 29051900
Molecular Formula: C12H28O4Ti
Molecular Weight: 284.232 g/mol
HS Code: 29051900
European Community (EC) Number: 208-909-6
UN Number: 1993
UNII: 76NX7K235Y
Nikkaji Number: J6.429G
Mol file: 546-68-9.mol



FIRST AID MEASURES of TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Handle under nitrogen, protect from moisture.
Store under nitrogen.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Hydrolyzes readily.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TITANIUM TETRAISOPROPANOLATE:
-Reactivity
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

TiONA 826 is a high performance, multipurpose chloride-process rutile titanium dioxide pigment designed to provide an exceptional combination of ease of dispersion, superior optical properties and very high durability in a wide range of coatings applications.
The combination of high tint strength and very high durability of TiONA 826 makes it also an excellent choice for plastics applications.
Two main physico-chemically distinct polymorphs of TiO2 are anatase and rutile.
TiONA 826 has a higher photocatalytic activity than rutile but is thermodynamically less stable.

CAS: 13463-67-7
MF: O2Ti
MW: 79.8658
EINECS: 236-675-5

TiONA 826 has a higher photocatalytic activity than rutile but is thermodynamically less stable.
TiONA 826, TiO2, is a white powder and has the greatest hiding power of all white pigments.
TiONA 826 is noncombustible; however, it is a powder and, when suspended in air, may cause a dust explosion if an ignition source is present.
TiONA 826 is not listed in the DOT Hazardous Materials Table, and the DOT does not consider it hazardous in transportation.
The primary uses are as a white pigment in paints, paper, rubber, and plastics; in cosmetics; in welding rods; and in radioactive decontamination of the skin.
TiONA 826 is a titanium oxide with the formula TiO2.
A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, TiONA 826 has a wide range of applications.
TiONA 826 has a role as a food colouring.
Two main physico-chemically distinct polymorphs of TiO2 are anatase and rutile.

TiONA 826 is visually a brilliant white pigment which also has anti-inflammatory properties.
Two crystal types of TiO2 occur: anatase and rutile.
In order to produce these crystals, there are two manufacturing processes that are employed: (1) The sulfate manufacturing process has the ability to produce either type of crystal, while (2) the chloride manufacturing process produces only rutile crystals.
TiONA 826 is a universal product which combines very high durability, gloss retention and chalk resistance in exterior applications with excellent optical performance.
The combination of high tint strength and outstanding durability makes TiONA 826 an excellent choice for both coatings and plastic applications.

TiONA 826 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 1840 °C
Boiling point: 2900 °C
Density: 4.26 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Refractive index: 2.61
Fp: 2500-3000°C
Storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: Practically insoluble in water.
TiONA 826 does not dissolve in dilute mineral acids but dissolves slowly in hot concentrated sulfuric acid.
Form: powder
Specific Gravity: 4.26
Color: White to slightly yellow
PH: 7-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Water Solubility: insoluble
Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic, Pcab
Merck: 14,9472
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3
OSHA: TWA 15 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 5000 mg/m3; TWA 2.4 mg/m3; TWA 0.3 mg/m3
CAS DataBase Reference: 13463-67-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC: 2B (Vol. 47, 93) 2010
NIST Chemistry Reference: TiONA 826 (13463-67-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: TiONA 826 (13463-67-7)

The naturally occurring dioxide exists in three crystal forms: anatase, rutile and brookite.
While rutile, the most common form, has an octahedral structure.
TiONA 826 and brookite have very distorted octahedra of oxygen atoms surrounding each titanium atom.
In such distorted octahedral structures, two oxygen atoms are relatively closer to titanium than the other four oxygen atoms.

White, amorphous, odorless, and tasteless nonhygroscopic powder.
Although the average particle size of titanium dioxide powder is less than 1 mm, commercial TiONA 826 generally occurs as aggregated particles of approximately 100 mm diameter.
TiONA 826 may occur in several different crystalline forms: rutile; anatase; and brookite.
Of these, rutile and anatase are the only forms of commercial importance.
Rutile is the more thermodynamically stable crystalline form, but anatase is the form most commonly used in pharmaceutical applications.

Physical properties
The naturally occurring dioxide exists in three crystal forms: anatase, rutile and brookite.
While rutile, the most common form, has an octahedral structure.
Anatase and brookite have very distorted octahedra of oxygen atoms surrounding each titanium atom.
In such distorted octahedral structures, two oxygen atoms are relatively closer to titanium than the other four oxygen atoms.

Uses
TiONA 826, also known as rutile, is one of the best-known compounds used as a paint pigment.
TiONA 826 is ideal for paints exposed to severe temperatures and marine climates because of its inertness and self-cleaning attributes.
TiONA 826 is also used in manufacture of glassware, ceramics, enamels, welding rods, and floor coverings.
TiONA 826 is a white pigment that disperses in liquids and possesses great opacifying power.
The crystalline modifications of titanium dioxide are rutile and anatase, of which only anatase finds use as a color additive.

TiONA 826 is an extreme white and bright compound with high index of refraction.
In paints TiONA 826 is a white pigment and an opacifying agent.
TiONA 826 is in house paints, water paints, lacquers, enamels, paper filling and coating, rubber, plastics, printing ink, synthetic fabrics, floor coverings, and shoe whiteners.
Also, TiONA 826 is used in colorants for ceramics and coatings for welding rods.
A rutile form of the dioxide is used in synthetic gem stones.

Airfloated ilmenite is used for titanium pigment manufacture.
Rutile sand is suitable for welding-rod-coating materials, as ceramic colorant, as source of titanium metal.
As color in the food industry.
Anatase titanium dioxide is used for welding-rod-coatings, acid resistant vitreous enamels, in specification paints, exterior white house paints, acetate rayon, white interior air-dry and baked enamels and lacquers, inks and plastics, for paper filling and coating, in water paints, tanners' leather finishes, shoe whiteners, and ceramics.
High opacity and tinting values are claimed for rutile-like pigments.

TiONA 826 is one of the 21 FDA-approved sunscreen chemicals with an approved usage level of 2 to 25 percent.
When applied, titanium dioxide remains on the skin’s surface, scattering uV light.
TiONA 826 is often used in conjunction with other sunscreen chemicals to boost the product’s SPF value, thus reducing the risk of irritation or allergies attributed to excessive usage of chemical sunscreens.
TiONA 826's incorporation into sunscreen formulations, makeup bases, and daytime moisturizers depends on the particular size of titanium dioxide employed.
The smaller the particle size, the more unobtrusive Tio2’s application.
Large particles, on the other hand, leave a whitish wash or look on the skin.
Some companies list “micro” or “ultra” when referring to the size of the TiONA 826 particle.
According to some sources, TiONA 826 could be the ideal uVA/uVB protection component given its chemical, cosmetic, and physical characteristics.
TiONA 826 is also used to provide a white color to cosmetic preparations.

Pharmaceutical Applications
TiONA 826 is widely used in confectionery, cosmetics, and foods, in the plastics industry, and in topical and oral pharmaceutical formulations as a white pigment.
Owing to its high refractive index, TiONA 826 has lightscattering properties that may be exploited in its use as a white pigment and opacifier.
The range of light that is scattered can be altered by varying the particle size of the TiONA 826 powder.
For example, TiONA 826 with an average particle size of 230nm scatters visible light, while TiONA 826 with an average particle size of 60nm scatters ultraviolet light and reflects visible light.
In pharmaceutical formulations, TiONA 826 is used as a white pigment in film-coating suspensions, sugar-coated tablets, and gelatin capsules.
TiONA 826 may also be admixed with other pigments.
TiONA 826 is also used in dermatological preparations and cosmetics, such as sunscreens.

Preparation
TiONA 826 is mined from natural deposits.
TiONA 826 also is produced from other titanium minerals or prepared in the laboratory.
TiONA 826 is produced from the minerals, rutile and ilmenite.
TiONA 826 is converted to pigment grade rutile by chlorination to give titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4.
TiONA 826 is converted back to purified rutile form by vapor phase oxidation.
TiONA 826 form is obtained by hydrolytic precipitation of titanium(IV) sulfate on heating.
The mineral ilmenite is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Heating the sulfate solution precipitates hydrous titanium oxide.
The precipitate is calcined to expel all water.
TiONA 826 also can be prepared by heating Ti metal in air or oxygen at elevated temperatures.

Production Methods
There are two major processes for the manufacture of TiONA 826 pigments, namely sulfate route and chloride route.
In the sulfate process, the ore limonite, FeOTiO2, is dissolved in sulfuric acid and the resultant solution is hydrolyzed by boiling to produce a hydrated oxide, while the iron remains in solution.
The precipitated titanium hydrate is washed and leached free of soluble impurities.
Controlled calcinations at about 1000°C produce pigmentary TiONA 826 of the correct crystal size distribution; this material is then subjected to a finishing coating treatment and milling.
The chloride process uses gaseous chlorination of mineral rutile, followed by distillation and finally a vapor phase oxidation of the titanium tetrachloride.

TiONA 826 occurs naturally as the minerals rutile (tetragonal structure), anatase (tetragonal structure), and brookite (orthorhombic structure).
TiONA 826 may be prepared commercially by either the sulfate or chloride process.
In the sulfate process a titanium containing ore, such as ilemenite, is digested in sulfuric acid.
This step is followed by dissolving the sulfates in water, then precipitating the hydrous titanium dioxide using hydrolysis.
Finally, TiONA 826 is calcinated at high temperature.
In the chloride process, the dry ore is chlorinated at high temperature to form titanium tetrachloride, which is subsequently oxidized to form TiONA 826.

Synonyms
TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Titanium oxide
13463-67-7
Rutile
Titanium(IV) oxide
dioxotitanium
Anatase
Titania
1317-70-0
1317-80-2
Anatase (TiO2)
Brookite
Titanium White
Titafrance
Titandioxid
Flamenco
Hombitan
Tiofine
Tioxide
Tipaque
Titanox
Rayox
Bayertitan A
Rutile (TiO2)
Titanic anhydride
Tioxide RHD
Tioxide RSM
Zopaque LDC
Rutiox CR
Titanox RANC
A-Fil Cream
Calcotone White T
Tioxide A-DM
Tioxide AD-M
Tioxide R-CR
Tioxide R-SM
Tioxide R.XL
Bayertitan R-U-F
Levanox White RKB
A-Fil
Kronos
Tronox
Unitane
Zopaque
Runa rh20
Titanic oxide
Unitane or-150
Unitane or-340
Unitane or-342
Unitane or-350
Unitane or-540
Unitane or-640
Austiox R-CR 3
Cab-O-Ti
Hombitan R 101D
Hombitan R 610K
Bayertitan T
Unitane o-110
Unitane o-220
Kronos RN 40P
Kronos RN 56
Tiona td
Titan White
Horse head a-410
Horse head a-420
Horse head r-710
Tipaque R 820
Unitane OR 450
Unitane OR 650
Tin dioxide dust
Titanium peroxide
Titanox 2010
Uniwhite AO
Uniwhite KO
Trioxide(s)
Kronos CL 220
Kronos titanium dioxide
Kronos 2073
Ti-Pure
Bayertitan AN 3
Runa ARH 20
Tioxide R XL
1700 White
P 25 (oxide)
Runa ARH 200
Ti-Pure R 900
Ti-Pure R 901
Tiona t.d.
Bayertitan R-U 2
Bayertitan R-FK-D
Octahedrite
Titanium peroxide (TiO2)
Aerosil P 25
Aerosil P 27
Bayertitan
Baytitan
Sagenite
Tichlor
Titandioxid (sweden)
Aerolyst 7710
Bayertitan R-FD 1
Bayertitan R-KB 2
Bayertitan R-KB 3
Bayertitan R-KB 4
Bayertitan R-KB 5
Bayertitan R-KB 6
Uniwhite OR 450
Uniwhite OR 650
C-Weiss 7
Aerosil P 25S6
Aerosil T 805
Atlas white titanium dioxide
Blend White 9202
Bayer R-FD 1
63B1 White
Bayertitan R-FK 21
Amperit 780.0
Unitane 0-110
Unitane 0-220
Anatase titanium dioxide
Cosmetic White C47-5175
Cosmetic White C47-9623
Titanium oxide (TiO2)
Unitane OR
C 97 (oxide)
RO 2
CG-T
Austiox R-CR
Bayertitan R-V-SE 20
Tioxide A-HR
Bistrater L-NSC 200C
Titanium(IV) oxide, rutile
Tinoc M 6
Titanium(IV) oxide, anatase
Octahedrite (mineral)
CCRIS 590
TiO2
Titandioxid [Swedish]
austiox
bayeritian
KH 360
Titanium oxide (VAN)
A-FN 3
HSDB 869
Kronos 1002
NCI-C0424O
R 830 (mineral)
C-Weiss 7 [German]
MC 50 (oxide)
AUF 0015S
AMT 100
AMT 600
NT 100 (oxide)
Cosmetic Hydrophobic TiO2 9428
S 150 (oxide)
234DA
500HD
NCI-C04240
Cosmetic Micro Blend TiO2 9228
dioxyde de titane

ANATASE; FERRISPEC(R) PL TITANIUM DIOXIDE WHITE; HOMBIKAT; PIGMENT WHITE 6; RUTILE; TIO2; TITAN DIOXIDE; TITANIA; TITANIC ANHYDRIDE; TITANIUM(+4)OXIDE; TITANIUM DIOXIDE; TITANIUM DIOXIDE, ANATASE; TITANIUM DIOXIDE, RUTILE; TITANIUM DIOXIDE, RUTILE FORM; TITANIUM DIOXIDE RUTILE TITAN (TM) R-02; TITANIUM DIOXIDE RUTILE TYTANPOL(TM); TITANIUM(IV) DIOXIDE; TITANIUM(IV) OXIDE; TITANIUM(IV) OXIDE, ANATASE FORM; TITANIUM(IV) OXIDE, RUTILE CAS NO:13463-67-7

2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxooleyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl dioleate ; 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxooleyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl dioleate; Trimethylolpropane trioleate; 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2-ethyl-2-(9Z)-1-oxo-9-octadecenyloxymethyl-1,3-propanediyl ester; Trimethylolpropan-trioleat; 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl) oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl ester, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid (Z); 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane trioleate Trimethylopropane trioleate; 2,2-Bis{[(9Z)-octadec-9-; enoyloxy]methyl}butyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate CAS NO:57675-44-2

Tocopherols (/toʊˈkɒfəˌrɒl/; TCP) are a class of organic compounds comprising various methylated phenols, many of which have vitamin E activity.
Tocopherol is a pale yellow, viscous liquid.


CAS Number: 1406-66-2
EC Number: 604-195-9
Molecular Formula: C29H50O2



SYNONYMS:
Tocopherol, Tocopherols, 1406-66-2, R0ZB2556P8, Methyltocols, CHEBI:27013, tocoferol, tocoferoles, 604-195-9, CCRIS 4506, COVI-OX T 50 C, COVI-OX T 70 C, Conju Princess, DTXSID8021357, E-306, EC 604-195-9, MIXED TOCOPHEROLS 95, ORISTAR MIXED TOCOPHEROLS, RRR-TOCOPHEROLS CONCENTRATE, MIXED, TOCOPHEROL (II), TOCOPHEROLS (MIXED), UNII-R0ZB2556P8, C29H50O2, Natural Vitamin E, D-alpha-Tocopherol



Tocopherol is a pale yellow, viscous liquid.
Tocopherol exists in four different forms designated as α, β, δ, and γ.
They present strong antioxidant activities, and it is determined as the major form of vitamin E.


Tocopherol, as a group, is composed of soluble phenolic compounds that consist of a chromanol ring and a 16-carbon phytyl chain.
The classification of the tocopherol molecules is designated depending on the number and position of the methyl substituent in the chromanol ring.
The different types of tocopherol can be presented trimethylated, dimethylated or methylated in the positions 5-, 7- and 8-.


When the carbons at position 5- and 7- are not methylated, they can function as electrophilic centers that can trap reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Tocopherol can be found in the diet as part of vegetable oil such as corn, soybean, sesame, and cottonseed.
Tocopherol is currently under the list of substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in the FDA for the use of human consumption.


Tocopherol is a class of vitamin E compounds naturally found in many different sources, such as oils, nuts, and vegetables.
Tocopherol has antioxidant activity.
Tocopherol exists in four different forms designated as α, β, δ, and γ. They present strong antioxidant activities, and Tocopherol is determined as the major form of vitamin E.


Tocopherol, as a group, is composed of soluble phenolic compounds that consist of a chromanol ring and a 16-carbon phytyl chain.
The classification of the tocopherol molecules is designated depending on the number and position of the methyl substituent in the chromanol ring.
The different types of tocopherol can be presented trimethylated, dimethylated or methylated in the positions 5-, 7- and 8-.


When the carbons at position 5- and 7- are not methylated, they can function as electrophilic centers that can trap reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Tocopherols can be found in the diet as part of vegetable oil such as corn, soybean, sesame, and cottonseed.
Tocopherol is currently under the list of substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in the FDA for the use of human consumption.


Tocopherol is the name given to one of four forms of vitamin E. These four forms of Tocopherol are d-alpha-tocopherol, d-alpha-tocopherol acetate, dl-alpha tocopherol, and dl-alpha tocopherol acetate.
The “d” prefix indicates that the product was derived from natural sources, such as vegetable oils or wheat germ; whereas the “dl” prefix indicates that the vitamin was created from a synthetic base.


Research has shown that natural forms of vitamin E are more effective than their synthetic counterparts, but both have antioxidant activity.
You’ll most commonly find vitamin E listed as tocopherol or tocopheryl acetate on the ingredient list.
Tocopherol is a naturally occurring component of healthy skin, and its second most prevalent antioxidant behind ascorbic acid (vitamin C).


Tocopherol offers significant antioxidant properties to help defend from pollution and other environmental stressors that would otherwise weaken skin, causing unwanted changes.
Tocopherol is a form of vitamin E that serves as a powerful antioxidant.


The tocopherol class of vitamin E includes:
*alpha-tocopherol
*beta-tocopherol
*gamma-tocopherol
*delta-tocopherol


The only type of tocopherol that is recognized to meet human requirements is alpha-tocopherol.
When you are using vitamin E oil or serum, it is made with the alpha form.
Tocopherols are a class of naturally occurring chemical compounds related to Vitamin E


Tocopherol, which is found in a number of products and foods, has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
It’s been studied for a range of health conditions, from cancer to vision loss and Alzheimer’s disease.
Tocopherol’s also known to reduce skin damage, promote healthy aging and boost immunity.


The predominant form of vitamin E in human and animal tissues, tocopherol is a pale yellow liquid that occurs in plant materials.
Tocopherol is found in vegetable fats and oils, such as sunflower, peanut, walnut, sesame, and olive oils; it is also found in dairy products, meat, eggs, cereals, and nuts.


Tocopherol is a form of vitamin E, usually appearing as a clear or amber oily liquid, which can be derived from plant oils.
Tocopherols are a class of organic compounds with vitamin E activity, and come in four forms: alpha-Tocopherol (the primary form most useful to the human body), beta-Tocopherol, gamma-Tocopherol and delta-Tocopherol.


Tocopherols can be extracted from canola, soybean, sunflower, safflower and olive oils or synthetically produced.
The tocopherol we use is from plant-based sources, which is also known to be more readily absorbed by the body than synthetic versions.
Tocopherol is an important compound in human skin and hair, however it can become depleted from sun and environmental damage.


Tocopherols are natural antioxidants whose main function is to stop or delay primary oxidation.
Primary oxidation involves the formation of hydroperoxides (ROOH).
Tocopherols stop or delay oxidation chain reactions by removing or scavenging free radicals.


The plural term “tocopherols” implies that there are several types of tocopherols.
α, β, γ, ẟ tocopherols are the variants which are used in the food industry.
Tocopherols are natural antioxidants whose main function is to stop or delay primary oxidation.


Primary oxidation involves the formation of hydroperoxides (ROOH).
Tocopherol, or vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin is a naturally occuring antioxidant which can be isolated from vegetable oil.
When isolated Tocopherol, is a viscous oil that varies in color from yellow to brownish red.


Rather than Tocopherol itself, esters of Tocopherol are often used in cosmetic and personal care products.
These esters include, Tocopheryl Acetate, the acetic acid ester of Tocopherol; Tocopheryl Linoleate, the linoleic acid ester of Tocopherol; Tocopheryl Linoleate/Oleate, a mixture of linoleic and oleic acid esters of Tocopherol; Tocopheryl Nicotinate, the nicotinic acid ester of Tocopherol; and Tocopheryl Succinate, the succinic acid ester of Tocopherol.


Potassium Ascorbyl Tocopheryl Phosphate, a salt of both vitamin E (Tocopherol) and vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) may also be used in cosmetic products.
Other Tocopherol-derived ingredients that may be found in cosmetic products include Dioleyl Tocopheryl Methylsilanol, which is the dioleyl ether of Tocopheryl Acetate monoether with methylsilanetriol, and Tocophersolan, which is also called Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate.


The addition of succinic acid and an average of 22 ethylene oxide groups to Tocopheryl makes Tocophersolan a water-soluble form of Tocopherol.
Tocopherols (/toʊˈkɒfəˌrɒl/; TCP) are a class of organic compounds comprising various methylated phenols, many of which have vitamin E activity.


α-Tocopherol is the main source found in supplements and in the European diet, where the main dietary sources are olive and sunflower oils, while γ-tocopherol is the most common form in the American diet due to a higher intake of soybean and corn oil.


Tocotrienols, which are related compounds, also have vitamin E activity.
All of these various derivatives with vitamin activity may correctly be referred to as "vitamin E".
Tocopherols and tocotrienols are fat-soluble antioxidants but also seem to have many other functions in the body.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TOCOPHEROL:
Tocopherol can be used as a dietary supplement for patients with a deficit of vitamin E; this is mainly prescribed in the alpha form.
Tocopherol deficiency is rare, and it is primarily found in premature babies of very low birth weight, patients with fat malabsorption or patients with abetalipoproteinemia.


Tocopherol, due to its antioxidant properties, is studied for its use in prevention or treatment in different complex diseases such as cancer,1 atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases,2 and age-related macular degeneration.
Tocopherol as used in skin care is almost always supplied as an oil, since it is derived from sources like soy, rice bran, or flax oils, among others.


Tocopherol has a characteristic yellow to gold or even light brown color and subtle odor.
However, depending on the supplier, tocopherol may also be clear (transparent) to pale yellow.
Tocopherol will oxidize and become darker in color from exposure to air and light.


Tocopherol can visibly improve hyperpigmentation when used in a 1% concentration.
Typically, lower amounts of Tocopherol are used in skin care for antioxidant benefit and to help preserve the stability of delicate ingredients.
In skin care formulas, Tocopherol also works as a good supporting ingredient.


For instance, in vitamin C products, Tocopherol will donate a key electron that vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) needs to stabilize itself.
Tocopherol also works well with other antioxidants such as rosemary, ferulic acid, and the amino acid taurine.
Esters of tocopherol are often used in skin care products because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.


The esters that may be used include tocopheryl acetate and tocopheryl linoleate.
Tocopherol’s used as an ingredient in skin care products to promote healthy aging.
As a form of vitamin E, tocopherol can be used in personal care products for its excellent antioxidant properties, helping to protect and support healthy skin and hair.


In cosmetics and personal care products, Tocopherol and other ingredients made from Tocopherol, including Tocopherol esters are used in the formulation of lipstick, eye shadow, blushers, face powders and foundations, moisturizers, skin care products, bath soaps and detergents, hair conditioners, and many other products.


Tocopherol, Tocophersolan, Tocopheryl Acetate, Tocopheryl Linoleate, Tocopheryl Linoleate/Oleate, Tocopheryl Nicotinate, Tocopheryl Succinate, Dioleyl Tocopheryl Methylsilanol and Potassium Ascorbyl Tocopheryl Phosphate all function as antioxidants.
Tocopherol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Tocopheryl Linoleate, Tocopheryl Linoleate/Oleate, Tocopheryl Nicotinate and Dioleyl Tocopheryl Methylsilanol also function as skin-conditioning agents – miscellaneous.


-Complementary and alternative medicine uses of Tocopherol:
Proponents of megavitamin therapy and orthomolecular medicine advocate natural tocopherols.
Meanwhile, clinical trials have largely concentrated on use of either a synthetic, all-racemic d-α-tocopheryl acetate or synthetic dl-α-tocopheryl acetate.


-Antioxidant theory:
Tocopherol is described as functioning as an antioxidant.
A dose-ranging trial was conducted in people with chronic oxidative stress attributed to elevated serum cholesterol.
Plasma F2-isoprostane concentration was selected as a biomarker of free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation.
Only the two highest doses - 1600 and 3200 IU/day - significantly lowered F2-isoprostane.


-Alzheimer's disease:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia are common causes of decline of brain functions that occur with age.
AD is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that worsens over time.

The disease process is associated with plaques and tangles in the brain.
Vascular dementia may be caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic infarcts affecting multiple brain areas, including the anterior cerebral artery territory, the parietal lobes, or the cingulate gyrus.

Both types of dementia may be present.
Tocopherol status (and that of other antioxidant nutrients) is conjectured as having a possible impact on risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
A review of dietary intake studies reported that higher consumption of Tocopherol from foods lowered the risk of developing AD by 24%.


-Cataracts:
A meta-analysis from 2015 reported that for studies that reported serum tocopherol, higher serum concentration was associated with a 23% reduction in relative risk of age-related cataracts (ARC), with the effect due to differences in nuclear cataract rather than cortical or posterior subcapsular cataract - the three major classifications of age-related cataracts.


-Tocopherols can be used in an infinite number of food products.
The following products are some examples:
*High-stability bakery oils that are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. linoleic and oleic).
*The tocopherols prevent the oil from oxidizing rapidly.
*Frying oils (as long as oil temperature does not exceed the boiling point of each tocopherol fraction)
*Cake and all-purpose shortenings
*Margarine and spreads
*Mayonnaise & dressings
*Baked products (refrigerated and frozen dough)
*Snack foods
*Breakfast cereals



BENEFITS AND USES OF TOCOPHEROL:
1. Works as a Powerful Antioxidant
Tocopherol works as a powerful antioxidant, preventing damage caused by oxidative stress.
Research shows that Tocopherol has protective effects on cell membranes that are vulnerable to free radical attack.

This makes Tocopherol an immune-boosting vitamin.
Alpha-tocopherol appears to inhibit the production of new free radicals, and gamma-tocopherol is able to trap and neutralize existing free radicals.
This gives it the power to potentially prevent or delay chronic diseases that are associated with free radicals, like atherosclerosis, asthma, degenerative eye disease, diabetes and cancer.


2. Acts as Anti-inflammatory Agent
Tocopherol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity both within the body and on your skin.
Tocopherol’s used in topical products and taken internally to combat inflammation, which we know is the root of many serious health conditions.

A study published in Molecular Aspects of Medicine found that mixed tocopherols may be more potent in reducing inflammation than a-tocopherol alone.
For this reason, supplementing with mixed tocopherols may help reduce inflammatory diseases like cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases.


3. Hydrates the Skin
Tocopherol for skin is extremely popular because the compounds improve skin moisture and elasticity.
This is why you often find tocopherol in youth serums, eye creams and body lotions.

Research published in the Journal of Molecular Medicine highlights that Tocopherol preparations reduce the frequency and severity of skin issues.
Tocopherol has protective and healing effects, hydrating the skin and reducing the effects of environmental damage.


4. Prevents and Soothes Skin Damage
Using tocopheryl acetate topically works to prevent skin damage caused by sun exposure.
Preliminary evidence suggests that Tocopherol may also help reduce signs of aging and prevent scarring.

When it’s used as an ingredient in skin care products, tocopherol has protective, nourishing effects.
Tocopherol strengthens the capillary walls and improves skin moisture and elasticity.
Many studies document Tocopherol’s ability to improve skin issues and the overall health and appearance of skin.


5. Thickens Hair
Because this Tocopherol isomer works as a powerful antioxidant, it helps prevent or improve environmental damage to your hair.
Tocopherol also promotes circulation and helps retain moisture, so it can help reduce dandruff and itchy scalp.
A review published in Dermatology and Therapy notes that Tocopherol deficiency is often seen in people experiencing hair loss.
This is likely linked to the antioxidant properties in Tocopherol compounds.


6. Supports Eye Health
Studies show that Tocopherol may help reduce the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration, a common cause of blindness.
For Tocopherol supplements to be effective for boosting eye health, the nutrient needs to be combined with vitamin C, beta-carotene and zinc.


7. May Boost Brain Health
Due to tocopherol’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, it works to support brain health and fight neurodegenerative diseases.
A 2014 study published in JAMA found that 2,000 international units of alpha-tocopherol per day slowed functional decline in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.



WHERE TOCOPHEROL IS FOUND?
Tocopherol is found in vegetable oils.
The oils with the highest amounts of tocopherol are:
*Wheat germ oil
*Sunflower oil
*Safflower oil
*Palm oil
*Peanut oil
*Corn oil
*Soybean oil
Tocopherol can also be found in nuts, seeds and leafy greens. Food sources include:
*Sunflower seeds
*Almonds
*Hazelnuts
*Peanuts
*Spinach
*Broccoli
*Kiwifruit
*Mango
*Tomato
The safest way to ingest Tocopherol is by eating foods rich in the nutrient.
Adding these foods into your diet allows you to take advantage of the many tocopherol benefits.



FUNCTION OF TOCOPHEROL:
The main functionality of tocopherols is to preserve food colors and flavors by retarding deterioration, rancidity, or discoloration due to oxidation.
Tocopherols are highly synergistic with ascorbic acid and ascorbyl palmitate (an antioxidant formed by combining ascorbic acid with palmitic acid).
Ascorbic acid is not fat soluble but ascorbyl palmitate is.
So, combining them produces a fat-soluble antioxidant.



COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF TOCOPHEROL:
Tocopherols are obtained by vacuum steam distillation of edible vegetable oil products.



TOCOPHEROL AT A GLANCE:
*The name of one of four forms of vitamin E
*Tocopherol can be either naturally occurring or synthetically derived
*Tocopherol offers significant antioxidant properties, including defense from pollution
*Tocopherol works as a supporting ingredient to help stabilize vitamin C



WHAT DOES TOCOPHEROL DO IN PRODUCTS?
Tocopherol is a skin-conditioning agent and antioxidant that absorbs ultraviolet UVB light and does not dissolve in water.
Tocopherol is found in thousands of personal care products, including moisturizing cream, sunscreen, makeup, bar soap, acne medications, hair styling products, lotion, foot powder, hair spray, hair coloring and other items.

*Skincare
In skincare products, Tocopherol aids skin in retaining moisture, as well as helping to maintain a healthy shine.
Tocopherol can also help in protecting against UV rays.

*Haircare
In haircare products, Tocopherol can protect hair from sun damage, as well as eliminate free radicals from damaging colored or chemically altered hair.

*Food
When consumed, tocopherol and Vitamin E can help maintain healthy skin and eyes.
Tocopherol can be found in the oils extracted from walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts, and macadamia nuts.



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF TOCOPHEROL:
Tocopherol is a naturally occurring lipid; it can also be produced synthetically. In its natural form, it is created via photosynthesis and is a fat-soluble antioxidant.
Tocopherol is a natural component of cell membranes thought to protect against oxidative damage.



HOW TOCOPHEROL IS MADE?
Tocopherol production typically begins by drying out oil seeds to remove some of the water content.
After removing the shells or hulls, the seeds are usually ground, then mixed with hot water and boiled to allow some of the oil to float.
The milled seed is then turned into a paste and kneaded or pressed to separate the oil.

At that point, the oil can be refined to remove flavor or odor.
Vitamin E activity is derived from at least eight naturally occurring tocopherols, the most potent of which is alpha-tocopherol.
Vitamin E is a natural antioxidant that boosts your immune system and prevents blood clots.

Gamma-tocopherol is another form of vitamin E, though it is predominantly in food.
Alpha-tocopherol acetate is the most common form used in sunscreen and skin care products; dl-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic form but is half as potent as the natural version.



SYNTHESIS OF TOCOPHEROL:
Naturally sourced d-α-tocopherol can be extracted and purified from seed oils, or γ-tocopherol can be extracted, purified, and methylated to create d-alpha-tocopherol.
In contrast to α-tocopherol extracted from plants, which also is called d-α-tocopherol, industrial synthesis creates dl-α-tocopherol.

"It is synthesized from a mixture of toluene and 2,3,5-trimethyl-hydroquinone that reacts with isophytol to all-rac-α-tocopherol, using iron in the presence of hydrogen chloride gas as a catalyst.
The reaction mixture obtained is filtered and extracted with aqueous caustic soda.

Toluene is removed by evaporation and the residue (all rac-α-tocopherol) is purified by vacuum distillation."
Specification for the ingredient is >97% pure.
This synthetic dl-α-tocopherol has approximately 50% of the potency of d-α-tocopherol.

Manufacturers of dietary supplements and fortified foods for humans or domesticated animals convert the phenol form of the vitamin to an ester using either acetic acid or succinic acid because the esters are more chemically stable, providing for a longer shelf-life.
The ester forms are de-esterified in the gut and absorbed as free α-tocopherol.



WHAT IS A TOCOPHEROL TEST?
A Tocopherol test measures the amount of vitamin E in your blood.
Vitamin E (also known as tocopherol or alpha-tocopherol) is a nutrient that is found in every cell of your body.
Tocopherol helps your nerves and muscles work well, prevents blood clots, and boosts your immune system so it can fight off infections from germs.

Tocopherol is a type of antioxidant, which means that it protects cells from damage.
But if you have too little or too much Tocopherol in your body, it can cause serious health problems.

Most people get the right amount of Tocopherol from foods, including vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, avocadoes, and green, leafy vegetables.
Tocopherol is also added to foods, such as certain cereals, fruit juices and margarine.
The amount of Tocopherol you get from foods doesn't cause high levels.

High levels usually happen from taking too many Tocopherol supplements.
Low levels are often caused by digestive diseases, including malabsorption disorders that make Tocopherol difficult for your body to digest fat.
Your body needs fat to absorb Tocopherol.



FUNCTION AND DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS OF TOCOPHEROL:
*Mechanism of action:
Tocopherol is radical scavengers, delivering an H atom to quench free radicals.
At 323 kJ/mol, the O-H bond in Tocopherol is approximately 10% weaker than in most other phenols.

This weak bond allows the vitamin to donate a hydrogen atom to the peroxyl radical and other free radicals, minimizing their damaging effect.
The thus generated tocopheryl radical is relatively unreactive, but reverts to tocopherol by a redox reaction with a hydrogen donor such as vitamin C.
As they are fat-soluble, Tocopherol is incorporated into cell membranes, which are thus protected from oxidative damage.


*Dietary considerations:
The U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adults is 15 mg/day.
The RDA is based on the Tocopherol form because it is the most active form as originally tested.

Tocopherol supplements are absorbed best when taken with meals.
The U.S. Institute of Medicine has set an upper tolerable intake level (UL) for vitamin E at 1,000 mg (1,500 IU) per day.
The European Food Safety Authority sets UL at 300 mg Tocopherol equivalents /day.



ORIGIN OF TOCOPHEROL:
Tocopherols are obtained from vegetable oils, beans, eggs, and milk. Vitamin E is a collective group in which alpha tocopherol is the main constituent.
Vegetable oils contain a higher concentration of natural antioxidants, including tocopherols, than animal fats and are thus more stable.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF TOCOPHEROL:
Tocopherol, a fat-soluble vitamin, is found in vegetable fats and oils, dairy products, meat, eggs, cereals, nuts, and leafy green and yellow vegetables.
Tocopherol is usually present in these foods as mixtures of different forms: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-Tocopherol.
The alpha form has the same biological activity as vitamin E.
Tocopherol can be produced from vegetable oils or can be synthesized.
Tocopherol Acetate, made by the esterification of Tocopherol with acetic acid, is frequently the source of vitamin E in dietary supplements.



CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING TOCOPHEROL:
In their natural state, tocopherols are reddish-brown viscous liquids.
Given their highly hydrophobic structure, tocopherols are only soluble in oil, the reason why they should be thoroughly mixed and incorporated into the dough or batter.
Tocopherols could also include vegetable oil and carriers like lecithin to help them to be better incorporated into water.
Commercial preparations of this natural antioxidant usually contain 75% tocopherols (in all its chemical forms) and 25% vegetable oil.
Usage levels of Tocopherol usually range from 100 to 1500 ppm (based on flour...



FORMS OF TOCOPHEROL:
Tocopherol exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.
All feature a chromane ring, with a hydroxyl group that can donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side chain that allows for penetration into biological membranes.

Both the tocopherols and tocotrienols occur in α (alpha), β (beta), γ (gamma), and δ (delta) forms, determined by the number and position of methyl groups on the chromanol ring.
The tocotrienols have the same methyl structure at the ring and the same Greek letter-methyl-notation, but differ from the analogous tocopherols by the presence of three double bonds in the hydrophobic side chain.

The unsaturation of the tails gives tocotrienols only a single stereoisomeric carbon (and thus two possible isomers per structural formula, one of which occurs naturally), whereas tocopherols have three centers (and eight possible stereoisomers per structural formula, again, only one of which occurs naturally).

Each form has a different biological activity.
In general, the unnatural l-isomers of tocotrienols lack almost all vitamin activity, and half of the possible 8 isomers of the tocopherols (those with 2S chirality at the ring-tail junction) also lack vitamin activity.
Of the stereoisomers that retain activity, increasing methylation, especially full methylation to the alpha-form, increases vitamin activity.

In tocopherols, this is due to the preference of the tocopherol binding protein for the α-tocopherol form of the vitamin.
As a food additive, tocopherol is labeled with these E numbers: E306 (tocopherol), E307 (α-tocopherol), E308 (γ-tocopherol), and E309 (δ-tocopherol).
All of these are approved in the US, EU, and Australia and New Zealand for use as antioxidants.


*α-Tocopherol:
α-Tocopherol is the form of vitamin E that is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in humans.
There are three stereocenters in α-tocopherol, so this is a chiral molecule.

The eight stereoisomers of α-tocopherol differ in the arrangement of groups around these stereocenters.
In the image of RRR-α-tocopherol below, all three stereocenters are in the R form.

However, if the middle of the three stereocenters were changed (so the hydrogen was now pointing down and the methyl group pointing up), this would become the structure of RSR-α-tocopherol.
These stereoisomers also may be named in an alternative older nomenclature, where the stereocenters are either in the d or l form.

1 IU of tocopherol is defined as ⅔ milligrams of RRR-α-tocopherol (formerly named d-α-tocopherol or sometimes ddd-α-tocopherol).
1 IU is also defined as 1 milligram of an equal mix of the eight stereoisomers, which is a racemic mixture called all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate.

This mix of stereoisomers is often called dl-α-tocopheryl acetate, even though it is more precisely dl,dl,dl-α-tocopheryl acetate).
However, 1 IU of this racemic mixture is not now considered equivalent to 1 IU of natural (RRR) α-tocopherol, and the Institute of Medicine and the USDA now convert IU's of the racemic mixture to milligrams of equivalent RRR using 1 IU racemic mixture = 0.45 "milligrams α-tocopherol".: 20–21 


*Tocotrienols:
Tocotrienols, although less commonly known, also belong to the Tocopherol family.
Tocotrienols have four natural 2' d-isomers (they have a stereoisomeric carbon only at the 2' ring-tail position).

The four tocotrienols (in order of decreasing methylation: d-α-, d-β-, d-γ-, and d-δ-tocotrienol) have structures corresponding to the four tocopherols, except with an unsaturated bond in each of the three isoprene units that form the hydrocarbon tail, whereas tocopherols have a saturated phytyl tail (the phytyl tail of tocopherols gives the possibility for 2 more stereoisomeric sites in these molecules that tocotrienols do not have).

Tocotrienol has been subject to fewer clinical studies and seen less research as compared to tocopherol.
However, there is growing interest in the health effects of these compounds.


*α-Tocopherol equivalents:
For dietary purposes, vitamin E activity of vitamin E isomers is expressed as α-tocopherol equivalents (a-TEs).
One a-TE is defined by the biological activity of 1 mg (natural) d-α-tocopherol in the resorption-gestation test.

According to listings by FAO and others β-tocopherol should be multiplied by 0.5, γ-tocopherol by 0.1, and α-tocotrienol by 0.3.
The IU is converted to aTE by multiplying it with 0.67.
These factors do not correlate with the antioxidant activity of Tocopherol isomers, where tocotrienols show even much higher activity in vivo.



SUPPLEMENTS OF TOCOPHEROL:
Commercial Tocopherolsupplements may be classified into several distinct categories:
Fully synthetic Tocopherol, "dl-α-tocopherol", the most inexpensive, most commonly sold supplement form usually as the acetate ester

Semi-synthetic "natural source" vitamin E esters, the "natural source" forms used in tablets and multiple vitamins; these are highly fractionated d-α-tocopherol or its esters, often made by synthetic methylation of gamma and beta d,d,d tocopherol vitamers extracted from plant oils.
Less fractionated "natural mixed tocopherols" and high d-γ-tocopherol fraction supplements


*Synthetic all-racemic
Synthetic Tocopherol derived from petroleum products is manufactured as all-racemic α-tocopheryl acetate with a mixture of eight stereoisomers.
In this mixture, one α-tocopherol molecule in eight molecules are in the form of RRR-α-tocopherol (12.5% of the total).

The 8-isomer all-rac TocopherolE is always marked on labels simply as dl-tocopherol or dl-tocopheryl acetate, even though it is (if fully written out) dl,dl,dl-tocopherol.
The present largest manufacturers of this type are DSM and BASF.

Natural α-tocopherol is the RRR-α (or ddd-α) form.
The synthetic dl,dl,dl-α ("dl-α") form is not so active as the natural ddd-α ("d-α") tocopherol form.
This is mainly due to reduced vitamin activity of the four possible stereoisomers that are represented by the l or S enantiomer at the first stereocenter (an S or l configuration between the chromanol ring and the tail, i.e., the SRR, SRS, SSR, and SSS stereoisomers).

The three unnatural "2R" stereoisomers with natural R configuration at this 2' stereocenter, but S at one of the other centers in the tail (i.e., RSR, RRS, RSS), appear to retain substantial RRR vitamin activity, because they are recognized by the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein, and thus maintained in the plasma, where the other four stereoisomers (SRR, SRS, SSR, and SSS) are not.
Thus, the synthetic all-rac-α-tocopherol, in theory, would have approximately half the vitamin activity of RRR-α-tocopherol in humans.

Although Tocopherol is clear that mixtures of stereoisomers are not so active as the natural RRR-α-tocopherol form, in the ratios discussed above, specific information on any side effects of the seven synthetic vitamin E stereoisomers is not readily available.


*Esters:
Manufacturers also commonly convert the phenol form of the vitamins (with a free hydroxyl group) to esters, using acetic or succinic acid.
These tocopheryl esters are more stable and are easy to use in vitamin supplements.
Tocopherol esters are de-esterified in the gut and then absorbed as the free tocopherol.
Tocopheryl nicotinate, tocopheryl linolate, and tocopheryl palmitate esters are also used in cosmetics and some pharmaceuticals.



MIXED TOCOPHEROLS:
"Mixed tocopherols" in the USA contain at least 20% w/w other natural R, R,R- tocopherols, i.e. R, R,R-α-tocopherol content plus at least 25% R, R,R-β-, R, R,R-γ-, R, R,R-δ-tocopherols.

Some brands may contain 20.0% w/w or more of the other tocopherols and measurable tocotrienols.
Some mixed tocopherols with higher γ-tocopherol content are marketed as "High Gamma-Tocopherol".
The label should report each component in milligrams, except R, R,R-α-tocopherol may still be reported in IU.
Mixed tocopherols also may be found in other nutritional supplements


*Age-related macular degeneration:
A Cochrane review published in 2017 (updated in 2023) on antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) identified only one vitamin E clinical trial.

That trial compared 500 IU/day of Tocopherol to placebo for four years and reported no effect on the progression of AMD in people already diagnosed with the condition.
Another Cochrane review, same year, same authors, reviewed the literature on Tocopherol preventing the development of AMD.

This review identified four trials, duration 4–10 years, and reported no change to risk of developing AMD.
A large clinical trial known as AREDS compared β-carotene (15 mg), vitamin C (500 mg), and Tocopherol (400 IU) to placebo for up to ten years, with a conclusion that the anti-oxidant combination significantly slowed progression.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TOCOPHEROL:
Physical state: clear, viscous liquid
Color: red, brown
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 200 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: > 200 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: insoluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0.93 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of TOCOPHEROL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TOCOPHEROL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TOCOPHEROL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TOCOPHEROL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TOCOPHEROL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store at Room Temperature.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TOCOPHEROL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

SYNONYMS (+)-α-Tocopherol acetate;2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-, acetate, (2R)-;d-Vitamin E acetate;D-α-Tocopherol acetate;D-α-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE;Vitamin E acetate;Vitamin Eα acetate;α-Tocopherol acetate CAS NO:58-95-7

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) belongs to a class of vitamins, primarily used to treat vitamin E deficiency and ataxia (impaired balance) due to various complications or long-term diseases.
Vitamin E deficiency occurs when you do not get an adequate amount of Vitamin E from the diet.
Symptoms include muscle and nerve damage, loss of sensation in the arms and legs, vision problems, walking and coordination difficulty, numbness, and tingling sensation.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate)
CAS Number: 7695-91-2
EC Number: 231-710-0
Molecular Weight: 481.80



APPLICATIONS


Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is often used in dermatological products such as skin creams.
Further, Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is commonly used in skincare products to improve skin health and appearance.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is often added to moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens to protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is also used in hair care products to help strengthen and nourish the hair.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is sometimes added to shampoos and conditioners to improve the overall health of the hair.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) can be found in many different types of makeup products, including foundations, powders, and lipsticks.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is often used as a natural preservative in food and beverage products.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is used as an alternative to tocopherol itself because the phenolic hydroxyl group is blocked, providing a less acidic product with a longer shelf life.
Moreover, Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is believed that the acetate is slowly hydrolyzed after it is absorbed into the skin, regenerating tocopherol and providing protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) was first synthesized in 1963.

Although there is widespread use of Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) as a topical medication, with claims for improved wound healing and reduced scar tissue, reviews have repeatedly concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support these claims.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is also used as an antioxidant in animal feed to protect against oxidative stress.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is sometimes used in the production of pharmaceuticals to help extend the shelf life of certain medications.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is commonly used in the manufacturing of dietary supplements and vitamins.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is often added to multivitamin supplements to provide additional antioxidant benefits.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) can be used in the production of fragrances and perfumes to improve their stability and shelf life.

There are reports of vitamin E-induced allergic contact dermatitis from use of vitamin E derivatives such as Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) and tocopherol acetate in skin care products.
Incidence is low despite widespread use.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is used in personal care formulations of the hair and skin as an antioxidant, moisturizing agent and improves the elasticy and smoothness of the skin.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is used for vitamin E deficiency and ataxia.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is sometimes added to cleaning products to provide additional antioxidant benefits and improve their effectiveness.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) can be found in many different types of pet products, including pet food and supplements.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is often added to pet food to provide additional antioxidant benefits and improve the overall health of pets.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is sometimes used in the production of plastic and rubber products to improve their durability.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is also used in the production of textiles to provide additional antioxidant benefits and improve their overall quality.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) can be added to paint and coating products to help protect against oxidation and other types of damage.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is sometimes used in the production of adhesives to improve their adhesive properties and overall durability.


Medicinal Benefits of Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate):

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) contains Tocopheryl acetate, a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) helps nourish and protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is an anti-inflammatory agent that may also decrease heart disease risk, certain cancers, vision problems, and brain disorders.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) protects cells from further damage caused by external factors like pollution, harsh weather, smoking and thus prevents wrinkle formation.
Moreover, Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is also a natural skin lightening product that decreases melanin production and enhances skin tone, texture, sensitivity, and reduces uneven skin colour.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is known to repair and regenerate the skin's damaged tissues, thus aiding in wound healing and recovery of burns.


Directions for Use of Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate):

Tablet/Capsule:

Swallow Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) as a whole with a glass of water.
You can take Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) with or without food at regular intervals, as prescribed by the doctor.
Do not crush, chew, or break Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate).

Liquid:

Shake Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) well before use.
Measure the prescribed amount of liquid with a measuring cup or a dosing syringe and take it as advised by the doctor.


Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) strengthens and nourishes lipid barrier
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) protects the skin against UV rays, as well as to alleviate the effects of sunburn.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) accelerates wound healing and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is an excellent natural preservative that ensures the stability of a cosmetic preparation.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is widely used in almost all care cosmetics, from creams, rejuvenating and moisturizing lotions, through products to protect against sun rays, ending with dermatological agents supporting wound healing, and soothing the effects of burns (including sunburns).

The suggested concentration of Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) in cosmetics is up to 5%.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate)is perfectly soluble in fats (oils, cosmetic butters, etc.), it does not dissolve in water.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is an active ingredient for use in cosmetic products for the skin and the hair.
As an in-vivo antioxidant, Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) protects the cells against free radicals and prevents the peroxidation of body fats.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is also an effective moisturizing agent and improves the elasticity and smoothness of the skin.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is often used in the production of personal care products, including soaps and body washes.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is sometimes added to oral care products, including toothpastes and mouthwashes, to improve overall oral health.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) can be used in the production of candles to improve their overall quality and stability.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is sometimes added to automotive products to improve their overall performance and durability.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is sometimes used in the production of insect repellents to provide additional antioxidant benefits.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) can be found in many different types of industrial products, including lubricants and solvents.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is also used in the production of many different types of household products, including cleaning supplies and air fresheners.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is particularly suitable for use in sun-protection products and products for daily personal care.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol and provides beneficial antioxidant effects.


Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) has been used:

as a supplement in the human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) to assess its impact on cell growth
as a component of Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) for immortalized chondrocyte cell line
as a component of serum-free medium for human colon tissue organ culture
to test its antioxidant effects on cow articular chondrocytes



DESCRIPTION


Because of its antioxidant characteristics and capabilities, studies have shown Tocopheryl acetate's effectiveness in treating many conditions ranging from Alzheimer's to certain blood disorders, and even decreasing menstrual cramp pain.
While Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is consumed via foods, dietary supplements, and even included in many cosmetic products like skin cream, officials at the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) as a common component in many of the marijuana vaping products and oils that have hospitalized thousands with vaping-related illness and injury (EVALI), even resulting in death in some cases.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) doesn't necessarily cause harm when ingested as a supplement or applied to the skin via a cream, but studies have shown it can cause harm when inhaled.
The sticky oil substance can cling to lung tissue resulting in illness, though the direct correlation and affect is still being rigorously studied, tested, and analyzed.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) has been found as an additive in vaping products, especially those containing THC, either as a thickening agent or dilution to make the oil in cartridges go further.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) belongs to a class of vitamins, primarily used to treat vitamin E deficiency and ataxia (impaired balance) due to various complications or long-term diseases.
Vitamin E deficiency occurs when you do not get an adequate amount of Vitamin E from the diet.
Symptoms include muscle and nerve damage, loss of sensation in the arms and legs, vision problems, walking and coordination difficulty, numbness, and tingling sensation.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) contains Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate), a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties.
When too many free radicals accumulate in the body, Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) leads to various complications and diseases.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) helps nourish and protect the skin from damage caused by the free radicals.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) also lowers the chances of heart diseases, cancers, vision problems, and brain disorders.

You are advised to take Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) for as long as your doctor has prescribed it for you, depending on your medical condition.
You may experience side effects like headache, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, diarrhoea, flatulence, abdominal pain, rash, fatigue, and weakness.
Most of these side effects of Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) do not require medical attention and gradually resolve over time. However, if the side effects persist or worsen, please consult your doctor.

If you are allergic to Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) or any other medicines, it is advised to inform your doctor before starting Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate).
Inform your doctor if you have/had liver or kidney diseases, low blood pressure, cancer, bleeding disorder, or heart attack.

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, please notify your doctor before using Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate).
If you are taking any medicines or supplements, inform your doctor about them.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) may cause blurred vision and fatigue; hence it is advisable not to drive unless you are alert.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) isn't necessarily harmful when ingested as a supplement or applied to the skin via a cream, but studies have shown it can cause harm when inhaled.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) in healthy doses is good for you; there's no debate there.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is a vitamin that dissolves in fat, and is naturally occurring in many of the wholesome foods you eat daily.

Because of its antioxidant characteristics and capabilities, studies have shown Vitamin E's effectiveness in treating many conditions ranging from Alzheimer's to certain blood disorders, and even decreasing menstrual cramp pain.
While Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is consumed via foods, dietary supplements, and even included in many cosmetic products like skin cream, officials at the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) as a common component in many of the marijuana vaping products and oils that have hospitalized thousands with vaping-related illness and injury (EVALI), even resulting in death in some cases.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) doesn't necessarily cause harm when ingested as a supplement or applied to the skin via a cream, but studies have shown it can cause harm when inhaled.
The sticky oil substance can cling to lung tissue resulting in illness, though the direct correlation and affect is still being rigorously studied, tested, and analyzed.

Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) has been found as an additive in vaping products, especially those containing THC, either as a thickening agent or dilution to make the oil in cartridges go further.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) was found in the lungs of 94 percent (48 of 51) of patients suffering vaping-related illness, but in none of the 99 healthy participants in a study published by The New England Journal of Medicine.

The FDA oversees Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate)'s usage as a supplement in lotions and regulates tobacco-related products, including nicotine vape products.
Policing Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate)'s inclusion in THC-based vape products has proven to be much harder, considering the fact that marijuana regulations differ from state to state and marijuana is still banned at the federal level.

As with most of the information regarding vaping due to its recent rise in popularity, Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate)'s role and effects are still being studied and determined.
One thing is for sure, inclusion of Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) has been somewhat of a recent addition; for example, vape cartridges studied in Minnesota in 2018 were without Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate), but those from 2019 contained the additive.

While there's not much information on Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate)'s lasting impact on your lung health, what we know now is enough to at least avoid products that use it if you can.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) (alpha-tocopherol acetate), also known as Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate), is a synthetic form of vitamin E. Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is the ester of acetic acid and α-tocopherol.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is a very strong culprit of concern in the 2019 outbreak of vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), but there is not yet sufficient evidence to rule out contributions from other chemicals.
Vaporization of this ester produces toxic pyrolysis products.

Alpha-tocopherol is one of the most important compounds in Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate).
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) owes its position to unique features – strong antioxidant properties, high absorbability, and the ability to store it in the body.
Other important features of Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) include anti-cancer properties.

Thanks to Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate), it is possible to stabilize biological membranes.
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is used in completely different fields.
On the one hand, Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) is present in building materials, plastic and rubber equipment, and on the other hand, in medicines and dietary supplements.



PROPERTIES


Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Yellow
Appearance (Form): Viscous liquid
Assay: min. 98%
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.494 - 1.498
Suitability for Tissue Culture: Passes
Biological source: plant
Quality Level: 200
Description: Synthesized from natural α-tocopherol
Form: liquid (or semi-solid)
Specific activity: ~1360 IU/g
mol wt: Mw 472.74 g/mol
Purified by: crystallization
Technique(s): cell culture | insect: suitable
Color: white to yellow



FIRST AID


Some possible first aid measures for tocopheryl acetate include:

Ingestion:

If swallowed, rinse mouth with water and do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention if symptoms develop.


Skin contact:

If the chemical comes in contact with the skin, immediately wash the affected area with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
If symptoms develop, seek medical attention.


Eye contact:

If the chemical comes in contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.


Inhalation:

If the chemical is inhaled, move the person to an area with fresh air.
Seek medical attention if symptoms develop.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.
Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.

Handle with care to prevent physical damage to the container and the product.
Use appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling.

Avoid breathing in dust or vapor.
Store and handle in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.

Keep away from heat sources and open flames.
Do not store near food, beverages, or pharmaceuticals.

Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Use in a well-ventilated area.

Do not smoke or eat while handling.
Do not allow product to come into contact with eyes.

Do not discharge into drains or waterways.
Use proper grounding procedures when transferring.

Store away from sources of ignition.
Do not store near strong bases or reducing agents.
Store in an area designated for flammable or combustible materials.

Use appropriate ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
Store in accordance with the label instructions.

Use a spark-proof tool when opening and closing containers.
Avoid contact with clothing or fabrics.

Keep containers tightly sealed and upright.
Dispose of properly in accordance with applicable regulations.



SYNONYMS


(+)-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
D-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-2-(4,8,12-TRIMETHYLTRIDECYL)-6-CHROMANOL ACETATE
D-ALFACOL
D-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
D-ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
D-A-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
D-CONTOPHERON
D-ECON
D-FERTILVIT
D-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
D-TOCOPHRIN
D-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE (VITAMIN E ACETATE)
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
VITAMIN E
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE (VITAMIN E ACETATE)
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE (VITAMIN E ACETATE) (D-FORM)
VITAMIN E ALPHA TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
VITAMINE E-ACETATE
(2r,4’r,8’r)-alpha-tocopherylacetate
(2R,4’R,8’R)-O-Acetyl-α-tocopherol
(2R)-3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol 6-Acetate
Ephynal Acetate
(+)-α-Tocopherol Acetate
(+)-Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate)
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-, 6-acetate, (2R)
Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate)
D-Alpha-tocopheryl acetate
D-a-Tocopherol acetate
(R,R,R)-a-Tocopheryl acetate
d-Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate)
6-Chromanol, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate, (+)-
Vitamin E acetate
Acétate de tocophérol (French)
Acetato de tocoferol (Spanish)
Tocopheryl acetate, dl-
Tocopheryl acetate, alpha-
Vitamin E, acetate
(+/-)-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
Tocopheryl acetate, (R)-isomer
Tocopheryl acetate, (S)-isomer
Tocopheryl acetate, (±)-isomer
DL-α-Tocopheryl acetate
D-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
D-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate acetate
RRR-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
alpha-Tocopherol acetate
All-rac-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
Alpha-tocoferol-acetato (Italian)
Alfatokoferil asetat (Turkish)
Alfatokoferol-acetát (Czech)

TOFA TOFA, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol or Tall Oil Fatty Acid, is a low cost, viscous yellow-black odorous liquid chemical compound that is a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. It is a member of the product family Oleic Acid. Other Products of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) Extractives such as rosin and fatty acids are sometimes removed from the spent pulping liquor and processed into crude TOFA. In Canada, most crude TOFA is currently incinerated as fuel in the lime kilns of pulp mills to displace fossil fuel. In the south eastern United States, where extractive content of the wood is much higher, TOFA plants fractionate the crude TOFA into value-added components. Processes have also been proposed to convert both the fatty and rosin acid components of the crude TOFA into green diesel fuel. The processing of TOFA into a high-quality diesel additive has been researched in the laboratory and pilot scale. The later studies included promising road tests by Canada Post Corporation. Given that many kraft pulp mills already collect these extractives, their future utilization for fuels will be based on competing economic considerations. Fatty acids can be directly esterified by alcohols into diesel fuel, whereas the rosin acids can be converted by the “Super Cetane” hydrogenation process developed in Canada. Turpentine recovered from process condensates in Canadian mills is generally incinerated as fuel in one of the on-site boilers. Processing it into consumer grade products is possible but, in many cases, it is more valuable as a fuel. Extractives (TOFA and Turpentine) as a Chemical Platform The chemical and mechanical pulping of wood, in particular coniferous trees, generates large amounts of sidestreams such as crude TOFA (CTO) and crude turpentine (CT). The global TOFA production today is close to ~ 1.2 million tonnes/year, whereas the estimated worldwide production of turpentine is about 350,000 tonnes/year. They are the third and fourth largest chemical by-products after hemicellulose and lignin in the manufacturing of paper pulp from wood. In the kraft process, high alkalinity and temperature convert the esters and carboxylic acids in rosin into soluble sodium soaps that are skimmed off and collected and acidified to give CTO, while the crude sulfate turpentine (CST) is condensed from digester vapors. CTO consists of around 30%–50% fatty acids, 15%–35% rosin acids, and 30%–50% pitch, a bioliquid that is used for energy generation and by the chemical industry. The chemical composition varies with the wood age, wood species, geographic location of the coniferous trees, and the technological solutions of the pulping processes. High-purity terpenes are also recovered as a by-product in mechanical pulping processes by steam distillation and crude sulfite turpentine when CTO is skimmed from pulping liquor in the sulfite process, neutralized with NaOH or lime, and subsequently distilled. Chemically, turpentine is a mixture of numerous C10H16 monoterpene isomers, consisting of bicyclic compounds such as 3-carene, camphene, and α- and β-pinenes, which together with monocyclic limonene are the principal compounds of this raw material. The chemical composition of CT also varies strongly with the wood species, geographic location, pulping process or mill, and even harvesting season; For example, kraft turpentine from the United States can contain more β-pinene than α-pinene, whereas the opposite is true in Europe. However, in turpentine originating from sulfite pulping, ρ-cymene is typically the predominant compound. Because of the use of sulfur-containing cooking chemicals upon pulping, the sulfur content in CT can reach 3 wt%, whereupon the three main species present are methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). The organoleptic properties of the aforementioned malodorous organics complicate the further use and upgrading of CT and the isolation and utilization of specific terpenes. Traditionally, CTO from the pulp industry was viewed as low-value substance and burned as an alternative to heavy fuel oil, but over the last decade, it has emerged as a promising raw material for the production of commercially relevant synthetic fuels (biodiesel and diesel via hydrodeoxygenation), lubricants, solvents, and many other high-value materials (Scheme 3.12A). In fact, currently, there are several biorefineries and industries upgrading and marketing TOFA and TOFA-derived chemicals. Typically, various fractions of CTO are separated by distillation over wide pressure ranges, and they are marketed as wood-based chemicals for use in downstream applications. The resinic acids (TOR) are used as a critical ingredient in printing inks, photocopying and laser printing paper, varnishes, adhesives (glues), soap, paper sizing, soda, soldering fluxes, sealing wax, medical plasters, and ointments. It can also be used as a glazing agent in medicines and chewing gum, as an emulsifier in soft drinks, and as a flux used in soldering. In contrast, TOFA is used as a chemical platform or raw material for the production of high-value products such as biofuels (via catalytic esterification or deoxygenation). Notable examples of TOFA biorefineries include Arizona Chemicals (in Sweden and Finland); Forchem TOFA biorefinery (now a part of the Portuguese Repsol Group), Finland; and SunPine, Sweden. The former two specialize in CTO distillation and markets TOFA and TOR as the main products. On the other hand, SunPine is a recently established unique facility that is upgrading CTO to crude tall biodiesel (production capacity of 10,000 m3/year) that is fed to the classical petroleum refinery process of Preem in southern Sweden. The process uses CTO, acid vegetable oils, and methanol as starting materials and is based on the esterification of TOFA and vegetable acids with methanol to produced esters (biodiesel). Other vegetable oils TOFA. Crude TOFA (CTO) is separated from black liquor in the kraft sulfate pulping of mainly coniferous trees (Figure 7), which store triglycerides, fatty acids, resin acids, sterols, and sterol esters as nutrients in the parenchyma cells, while the radial resin ducts contain resin acids and turpentine for the wound healing of bark breaches. That is why pine balsam won by tapping is a source of rosin and terpenes but not of CTO. The recovered black liquor is concentrated and left to settle. The top layer is known as TOFA soap and is skimmed off. The rest is recycled for further use in paper making. The soap is converted to CTO by acidulation with sulfuric acid. CTO is not a fatty oil but is actually a mixture of five components with different boiling points, which are split by fractionation into heads (which boils first), then ‘TOFA fatty acids’ (TOFAs), distilled TOFA (DTO, a mixture of fatty and rosin acids), ‘TOFA rosin’ (TOR, a mixture of eight closely related rosin acids, i.e., abietic, neoabietic, palustric, levopimaric, dehydroabietic, pimaric, sandaracopimaric, and isopimaric acid), and pitch (the unsaponifiable residue). TOFA is mainly oleic acid. Furthermore, TOFAs contain unusual isomers, such as octadecadienoic acids with double bonds in the 5,9- and 5,12-positions. Important applications of TOFA are the manufacture of alkyd resins and dimer acids. TOFA TOFA TOFA CAS# 61790-12-3, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol, is a low cost, viscous yellow-black odorous liquid chemical compound that is a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. It is a member of the product family Oleic Acid. TOFA, also called "liquid rosin" or tallol, is a viscous yellow-black odorous liquid obtained as a by-product of the Kraft process of wood pulp manufacture when pulping mainly coniferous trees. The name originated as an anglicization of the Swedish "tallolja" ("pine oil"). TOFA is the third largest chemical by-product in a Kraft mill after lignin and hemicellulose; the yield of crude TOFA from the process is in the range of 30–50 kg / ton pulp. It may contribute to 1.0–1.5% of the mill's revenue if not used internally. Manufacturing of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) In the Kraft Process, high alkalinity and temperature converts the esters and carboxylic acids in rosin into soluble sodium soaps of lignin, rosin, and fatty acids. The spent cooking liquor is called weak black liquor and is about 15% dry content. The black liquor is concentrated in a multiple effect evaporator and after the first stage the black liquor is about 20–30%. At this stage it is called intermediate liquor. Normally the soaps start to float in the storage tank for the weak or intermediate liquors and are skimmed off and collected. A good soap skimming operation reduces the soap content of the black liquor down to 0.2–0.4% w/w of the dry residue. The collected soap is called raw rosin soap or rosinate. The raw rosin soap is then allowed to settle or is centrifuged to release as much as possible of the entrained black liquor. The soap goes then to the acidulator where it is heated and acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude TOFA (CTO). The soap skimming and acidulator operation can be improved by addition of flocculants. A flocculant will shorten the separation time and give a cleaner soap with lower viscosity. This makes the acidulator run smoother as well. Most pines give a soap yield of 5–25 kg/ton pulp, while Scots pine gives 20–50 kg/ton. Scots pine grown in northern Scandinavia give a yield of even more than 50 kg/ton. Globally about 2 mill ton/year of CTO are refined. Composition of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) See also: Resin acid The composition of crude TOFA varies a great deal, depending on the type of wood used. A common quality measure for TOFA is acid number. With pure pines it is possible to have acid numbers in the range 160–165, while mills using a mix of softwoods and hardwoods might give acid numbers in the range of 125–135. Normally crude TOFA contains rosins (which contains resin acids (mainly abietic acid and its isomers), fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid) and fatty alcohols, unsaponifiable sterols (5–10%), some sterols, and other alkyl hydrocarbon derivates. By fractional distillation TOFA rosin is obtained, with rosin content reduced to 10–35%. By further reduction of the rosin content to 1–10%, TOFA fatty acid can be obtained, which is cheap, consists mostly of oleic acid, and is a source of volatile fatty acids. Applications of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) The TOFA rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt. TOFA is a low-cost and vegetarian lifestyle-friendly alternative to tallow fatty acids for production of soaps and lubricants. When esterified with pentaerythritol, it is used as a compound of adhesives and oil-based varnishes. When reacted with amines, polyamidoamines are produced which may be used as epoxy resin curing agents. SYLFAT fatty acids are useful in a wide range of industrial applications including fuel additives, alkyd resins, dimer acids, surfactants, cleaners, oil field chemicals, lubricant esters and other chemical derivatives. The use of these product ranges can be found in the long carbon chain (C18), the acid function of the carboxyl group (COOH) and the unsaturation of the double bonds. All SYLFAT TOFAs have high fatty acid content, low content of rosin acids and unsaponifiables. SYLFAT 2 and SYLFAT 2LT are from European, and especially Scandinavian, origin and with a specific characteristic to have more double bounds (i.e. higher Iodine Value) compared to TOFA with an origin closer to the equator like our SYLFAT FA1 and SYLFAT FA2. SYLFAT 2 and SYLFAT FA2 provide a combination of light color, good color stability and air-drying properties. SYLFAT 2LT is a specialty grade of TOFA with excellent low temperature properties typically used as fuel additive to improve lubricity of low sulphur diesel. TOFA, also called "liquid rosin" or tallol, is a viscous yellow-black odorous liquid obtained as a by-product of the Kraft process of wood pulp manufacture when pulping mainly coniferous trees. The name originated as an anglicization of the Swedish "tallolja" ("pine oil"). TOFA is the third largest chemical by-product in a Kraft mill after lignin and hemicellulose; the yield of crude TOFA from the process is in the range of 30–50 kg / ton pulp. Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) may contribute to 1.0–1.5% of the mill's revenue if not used internally. Manufacturing of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) Forchem TOFA refinery in Rauma, Finland. In the Kraft Process, high alkalinity and temperature converts the esters and carboxylic acids in rosin into soluble sodium soaps of lignin, rosin, and fatty acids. The spent cooking liquor is called weak black liquor and is about 15% dry content. The black liquor is concentrated in a multiple effect evaporator and after the first stage the black liquor is about 20–30%. At this stage it is called intermediate liquor. Normally the soaps start to float in the storage tank for the weak or intermediate liquors and are skimmed off and collected. A good soap skimming operation reduces the soap content of the black liquor down to 0.2–0.4% w/w of the dry residue. The collected soap is called raw rosin soap or rosinate. The raw rosin soap is then allowed to settle or is centrifuged to release as much as possible of the entrained black liquor. The soap goes then to the acidulator where it is heated and acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude TOFA (CTO). The soap skimming and acidulator operation can be improved by addition of flocculants. A flocculant will shorten the separation time and give a cleaner soap with lower viscosity. This makes the acidulator run smoother as well. Most pines give a soap yield of 5–25 kg/ton pulp, while Scots pine gives 20–50 kg/ton. Scots pine grown in northern Scandinavia give a yield of even more than 50 kg/ton. Globally about 2 mill ton/year of CTO are refined. The composition of crude TOFA varies a great deal, depending on the type of wood used. A common quality measure for TOFA is acid number. With pure pines it is possible to have acid numbers in the range 160–165, while mills using a mix of softwoods and hardwoods might give acid numbers in the range of 125–135. Normally crude TOFA contains rosins, which contains resin acids (mainly abietic acid and its isomers), fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid) and fatty alcohols, unsaponifiable sterols (5–10%), some sterols, and other alkyl hydrocarbon derivates. By fractional distillation TOFA rosin is obtained, with rosin content reduced to 10–35%. By further reduction of the rosin content to 1–10%, TOFA fatty acid can be obtained, which is cheap, consists mostly of oleic acid, and is a source of volatile fatty acids. Applications of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) The TOFA rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt. TOFA is a low-cost and vegetarian lifestyle-friendly alternative to tallow fatty acids for production of soaps and lubricants. When esterified with pentaerythritol, it is used as a compound of adhesives and oil-based varnishes. When reacted with amines, polyamidoamines are produced which may be used as epoxy resin curing agents. TOFA is also used in oil drilling as a component of drilling fluids. TOFA refers to mixtures of several related carboxylic acids, primarily abietic acid, found in tree resins. Nearly all TOFAs have the same basic skeleton: three fused rings having the empirical formula C19H29COOH. TOFAs are tacky, yellowish gums that are water-insoluble. They are used to produce soaps for diverse applications, but their use is being displaced increasingly by synthetic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid or petroleum-derived naphthenic acids. Botanical analysis of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) TOFAs are protectants and wood preservatives that are produced by parenchymatous epithelial cells that surround the resin ducts in trees from temperate coniferous forests. The TOFAs are formed when two-carbon and three-carbon molecules couple with isoprene building units to form monoterpenes (volatile), sesquiterpenes (volatile), and diterpenes (nonvolatile) structures. Pines contain numerous vertical and radial resin ducts scattered throughout the entire wood. The accumulation of resin in the heartwood and resin ducts causes a maximum concentration in the base of the older trees. Resin in the sapwood, however, is less at the base of the tree and increases with height. In 2005, as an infestation of the Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and blue stain fungus devastated the Lodgepole Pine forests of northern interior British Columbia, Canada, TOFA levels three to four times greater than normal were detected in infected trees, prior to death. These increased levels show that a tree uses the resins as a defense. Resins are both toxic to the beetle and the fungus and also can entomb the beetle in diterpene remains from secretions. Increasing resin production has been proposed as a way to slow the spread of the beetle in the "Red Zone" or the wildlife urban interface. Production in tall oil (chemical pulping byproduct) The commercial manufacture of wood pulp grade chemical cellulose using the kraft chemical pulping processes releases TOFAs. The Kraft process is conducted under strongly basic conditions of sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfide, which neutralizes these TOFAs, converting them to their respective sodium salts, sodium abietate, ((CH3)4C15H17COONa) sodium pimarate ((CH3)3(CH2)C15H23COONa) and so on. In this form, the sodium salts are insoluble and, being of lower density than the spent pulping process liquor, float to the surface of storage vessels during the process of concentration, as a somewhat gelatinous pasty fluid called kraft soap, or resin soap. Kraft soap can be reneutralized with sulfuric acid to restore the acidic forms abietic acid, palmitic acid, and related TOFA components. This refined mixture is called tall oil. Other major components include fatty acids and unsaponifiable sterols. TOFAs, because of the same protectant nature they provide in the trees where they originate, also impose toxic implications on the effluent treatment facilities in pulp manufacturing plants. Furthermore, any residual TOFAs that pass the treatment facilities add toxicity to the stream discharged to the receiving waters. Variation with species and biogeoclimatic zone The chemical composition of tall oil varies with the species of trees used in pulping, and in turn with geographical location. For example, the coastal areas of the southeastern United States have a high proportion of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii); inland areas of the same region have a preponderance of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda). Slash Pine generally contains a higher concentration of TOFAs than Loblolly Pine. In general, the tall oil produced in coastal areas of the southeastern United States contains over 40% TOFAs and sometimes as much as 50% or more. The fatty acids fraction is usually lower than the TOFAs, and unsaponifiables amount to 6-8%. Farther north in Virginia, where Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)and Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata) are more dominant, the TOFA content decreases to as low as 30-35% with a corresponding increase in the fatty acids present. In Canada, where mills process Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) in interior British Columbia and Alberta, Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana), Alberta to Quebec and Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) and Red Pine (Pinus resinosa), Ontario to New Brunswick, TOFA levels of 25% are common with unsaponifiable contents of 12-25%. Similar variations may be found in other parts of the United States and in other countries. For example, in Finland, Sweden and Russia, TOFA values from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) may vary from 20 to 50%, fatty acids from 35 to 70%, and unsaponifiables from 6 to 30%. Characteristics of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) 100% bio-based content Low viscosity, liquid long fatty acid (C18) chain Reactive polyunsaturation Light color and good color stability (based on grade) Low rosin content Good air drying properties Grades Low color Low sulfur 0.5% to 3% rosin content Size available Bulk rail car Bulk tank truck Totes (IBC) Drums Applications of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) Chemical manufacturing Esters, amides, amines, soaps CASE Alkyd resins, plasticizers Textiles Spinning lubricants Oilfield Emulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors for drilling muds Lubricants & metalworking Group IV base oils, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers TOFA is Forchem’s classic Tall Oil (CTO) product that is very pure fatty acid with a low level of rosin acids and a low level of unsaponifiables through our optimum distillation process. Forchem TOFA is used to satisfy the demands of today’s environmentally aware consumers and global markets. TOFA is an ideal raw material for many chemical reactions and intermediates. The most common applications for TOFA are paints and coatings, biolubricants, fuel additives and performance polymer. About 1949, with the advent of effective fractional distillation, the tall oil industry came of age, and TOFAs , generally any product containing 90% or more fatty acids and 10% or less of rosin, have grown in annual volume ever since, until they amount to 398.8 million pounds annual production in the U.S. in 1978. Crude tall oil is a byproduct of the Kraft process for producing wood pulp from pine wood. Crude tall oil is about 50% fatty acids and 40% rosin acids, the remainder unsaps and residues; actually, a national average recovery of about 1–2% of tall oil is obtained from wood. On a pulp basis, each ton of pulp affords 140–220 pounds black liquor soaps, which yields 70–110 pounds crude tall oil, yielding 30–50 pounds of TOFA. Separative and upgrading technology involves: (a) recovery of the tall oil; (b) acid refining; (c) fractionation of tall oil; and occasionally (d) conversion to derivatives. TOFA of good quality and color of Gardner 2 corresponds to above 97% fatty acids with the composition of 1.6% palmitic & stearic acid, 49.3% oleic acid, 45.1% linoleic acid, 1.1% miscellaneous acids, 1.2% rosin acids, and 1.7% unsaponifiables. TOFA, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol, is is a light-colored TOFA produced via the fractional distillation of crude tall oil. It is most commonoly used as an intermediate to make various alkyd resins. TOFA CAS# 61790-12-3, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol, is a low cost, viscous yellow-black odorous liquid chemical compound that is a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. It is a member of the product family Oleic Acid. TOFAs are sold in markets that use them in raw form and as precursors to synthesize an array of products. TOFA derivatives include dimers, alkyds, PVC stabilizers, synthetic lubricant polyamides, and a variety of oilfield chemicals. Low sulfur TOFA is designed specifically for the fuel segment as a diesel fuel additive. TOFAs is obtained by the fractional distillation of crude oil, a by-product from the pulping of pine trees. TOFAs are used in dimer acids, alkyd resins, oilfield chemicals, metalworking fluids, liquid cleaners, textile chemicals, fuel additives, construction chemicals, rubber and tire, metallic stabilizers, ore flotation, and fatty derivatives. Abstract TOFAs consist primarily of oleic and linoleic acids and are obtained by the distillation of crude tall oil. Crude tall oil, a by‐product of the kraft pulping process, is a mixture of fatty acids, rosin acids, and unsaponifiables. These components are separated from one another by a series of distillations. Several grades of TOFA are available depending on rosin, unsaponifiable content, color, and color stability. Typical compositions of TOFA products are shown. TOFAs have a variety of applications. The largest uses of TOFA traditionally have been in coatings, primarily alkyd resins where grades of higher rosin content predominate. Since the 1970s their use as chemical intermediates in applications, which includes manufacture of dimer acids and epoxidized TOFA esters, has exceeded their use in coatings. The more highly refined, low rosin grades are required for their application as intermediates. Other areas of significant use are in soaps, detergents, and ore flotation. Worldwide crude tall oil fractionating capacity and domestic production and prices of TOFA are given. TOFA pricing is strongly dependent on soya fatty acid prices since these materials are often used in the same application. The soap skimming and acidulator operation can be improved by addition of flocculants. A flocculant will shorten the separation time and give a cleaner soap with lower viscosity. This makes the acidulator run smoother as well. Most pines give a soap yield of 5–25 kg/ton pulp, while Scots pine gives 20–50 kg/ton. Scots pine grown in northern Scandinavia give a yield of even more than 50 kg/ton. Globally about 2 mill ton/year of CTO are refined. Normally crude tall oil contains rosins (which contains resin acids (mainly abietic acid and its isomers), fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid) and fatty alcohols, unsaponifiable sterols (5–10%), some sterols, and other alkyl hydrocarbon derivates. By fractional distillation tall oil rosin is obtained, with rosin content reduced to 10–35%. By further reduction of the rosin content to 1–10%, TOFA can be obtained, which is cheap, consists mostly of oleic acid, and is a source of volatile fatty acids. The tall oil rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt. TOFA is a low-cost and vegetarian lifestyle-friendly alternative to tallow fatty acids for production of soaps and lubricants. When esterified with pentaerythritol, it is used as a compound of adhesives and oil-based varnishes. When reacted with amines, polyamidoamines are produced which may be used as epoxy resin curing agents.

4-TOLUENESULFONIC ACIDP; TOLUENE SULFONATEP; TOLUENE SULPHONIC ACIDp; -Toluenesulfonic acid; P-TOLUENESULPHONIC ACIDP; ARA-TOLYLSULFONIC ACIDTOLUENE SULFONIC ACID, N° CAS : 104-15-4, Nom INCI : TOLUENE SULFONIC ACID, Nom chimique : Toluene-4-sulphonic acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-180-0, Ses fonctions (INCI), Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau.Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : 4-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID 4-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID ANHYDROUS ACIDE METHYL-4 BENZENESULFONIQUE ANHYDRE Acide p-toluènesulfonique Acide p-toluènesulfonique anhydre ACIDE PARA-TOLUENESULFONIQUE ACIDE PARA-TOLUENESULFONIQUE ANHYDRE Acide toluènesulfonique (para-) BENZENESULFONIC ACID, 4-METHYL- P-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID P-METHYLPHENYLSULFONIC ACID PARA-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID PARA-METHYLPHENYLSULFONIC ACID Noms anglais : 4-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID ANHYDROUS P-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID P-TOLUENE SULFONATE P-TOLUENE SULPHONIC ACID p-Toluenesulfonic acid P-TOLUENESULPHONIC ACID P-TOLYLSULFONIC ACID P-TOLYLSULFONIC ACID ANHYDROUS PARA-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID PARA-TOLUENESULPHONIC ACID PARA-TOLYLSULFONIC ACID Utilisation et sources d'émissionF: abrication de produits organiques, fabrication de colorants; p-Toluenesulfonic acid p-toluenesulphonic acid p-toluenesulphonic acid (containing a maximum of 5 % H2SO4) p-toluenesulphonic acid (containing a maximum of 5 % H2SO4) p-toluenesulphonic acid, (containing more than 5 % H2SO4) Toluene-4-sulphonic acid Translated names ''π-τολουολοσουλφονικό οξύ (που περιέχει μέχρι και 5 % H2SO4) (el) 4-methylbenzensulfonová kyselina, obsah maximálně 5 % H2SO4 (cs) 4-metylbenzensulfonsyra, innehållande högst 5% H2SO4 (sv) acid p-toluensulfonic(continut maxim de 5% H2SO4) (ro) acide p-toluènesulfonique (contenant un maximum de 5 % H2SO4) (fr) acido p-toluensolfonico (contenente non più del 5 % H2SO4) (it) kwas 4-metylobenzenosulfonowy (zawierający maksymalnie 5% H2SO4) (pl) kwas p-toluenosulfonowy (zawierający maksymalnie 5% H2SO4) (pl) kyselina 4-metylbenzénsulfónová (s obsahom maximálne 5 % H2SO4) (sk) p-Tolueenisulfonihappo, joka sisältää <5% rikkihappoa (fi) p-tolueensulfonzuur (met maximum 5 % H2SO4) (nl) p-tolueensulfoonhape, mis sisaldab <5% väävelhapet (et) p-toluensulfonrūgštis (sudėtyje turinti maksimaliai 5 % sieros rūgšties) (lt) p-toluensulfonska kiselina (sadrži maksimum 5 % H2SO4) (hr) p-toluensulfonska kislina (z največ 5% žveplove kisline) (sl) p-toluensulfonsyra, innehållande högst 5% H2SO4 (sv) p-toluensulfonsyre (indeholdende højst 5 % H2SO4) (da) p-toluensulfonsyre, med maks. 5 % H2SO4 (no) p-Toluolsulfonsäure (mit höchstens 5 % H2SO4) (de) p-toluolsulfoskābe, kas satur ne vairāk kā 5% sērskābes (lv) p-тoлуенсулфонова киселина (съдържаща максимално 5% H2SO4) (bg) toluol-4-szulfonsav (kénsav tartalom max. 5%) (hu) ácido p-toluenossulfónico (contendo no máximo 5 % H2SO4) (pt) ácido p-toluenosulfónico (con un contenido máximo de 5 % de H2SO4) (es) CAS names Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl- IUPAC names 4-methyl benzenesulphonic acid 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid hydrate 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid , 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid hydrate , 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid monohydrate 4-Methylbenzolsulfonsäure 4-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate acide para toluene sulfonique acido 4-metilbenzensulfonico Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl-, monohydrate p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Monohydrate p-Toluenesulfonic acid, Tosylic acid, Tosic acid, PTSA p-toluenesulphonic acid hydrate p-toluenesulphonic acid, containing a maximum of 5% H2SO4 Para Toluene Sulfonic Acid (PTSA) Reaction mass of sulphuric acid and 7732-18-5 toluen 4-sulfonová kyselina Toluene sulphonic acid toluene-4-silphonic acid TOLUENESULFONIC ACID Toluenesulfonic acid, p- Toluol-4-sulfonsäure Toluol-4-sulfonsäure Monohydrat ácido 4-metilbenzenosulfónico Trade names 4-Methylbenzolsulfonsaeure, Monohydrat 4-Toluenesulfonic acid Acide benzènesulfonique, 4-méthyl- Acide benzènesulfonique, 4-méthyl- (< 5 % acide sulfurique) Acide toluene-4-sulfonique acido tolueno-4-sulfonico Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl- (9CI) Benzolsulfonsaeure, 4-methyl Benzolsulfonsäure, 4-Methyl- Cyzac 4040 Eltesol TA Eltesol TA 65 Eltesol TA/E Eltesol TA/F Eltesol TA/H Eltesol TA/K Eltesol TA96 Eltesol TSX Eltesol TSX/A Eltesol TSX/SF K-Cure 1040 LAS 4-methyl, p- LAS 4-methyl, p- (max 5 % sulfuric acid); <5% Schwefelsaeure Manro PTSA/95 Manro PTSA/C MANRO PTSA/C; 60-100% Active Matter; active substance Manro PTSA/E Manro PTSA/LG Manro PTSA/LS Methylbenzolsulfonsäure, 4- Nacure 1040 p-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid p-Methylphenylsulfonic acid p-Toluene sulfonate p-TOLUENE SULFONIC ACID p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid Monohydrat p-Toluolsulfonsaeure p-Toluolsulfonsäure p-Toluolsulfonsäure in ca.65%iger wässriger Lsg.; 65% Active Matter; active substance p-Tolylsulfonic acid P.T.S.A PARA-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID CC5U PARATOLUOLSULFONSAEURE PTSA 70 Reworyl T 65 Stepanate PTSA-C; 60-100% Active Matter; active substance Sulframin TX Toluene Sulfonic Acid Toluene sulfonic acid (INCI) Toluene sulphonic acid (65% in water) TL65LS; 65% Active Matter; active substance TOLUENESULFONIC ACID, HI-PARA Toluenesulfonic acid, p- 65%; 65% Active Matter; active substance Toluensulfonic acid; 95% Active Matter; active substance Toluol-4-sulfonsaeure; 104-15-4 [RN]; 203-180-0 [EINECS] 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] 4-Methylbenzenesulphonic acid 4-Methylbenzolsulfonsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] 4-toluenesulfonic acid Acide 4-méthylbenzènesulfonique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl- [ACD/Index Name] para-toluenesulfonic acid p-Methylbenzenesulfonic Acid P-Toluene Sulfonic acid p-Toluenesulfonic acid [Wiki] p-toluenesulphonic acid p-toluensulfonic acid p-Toluolenesulfonic acid PTSA p-TsOH [Formula] Toluene sulfonic acid Toluene-4-sulfonic acid Toluene-4-sulphonic acid Toluenesulfonic acid tosic acid TsOH [Formula] 236-576-7 [EINECS] 3233-58-7 [RN] 4-11-00-00241 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein] 472690 [Beilstein] 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid 4-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid 4-methylbenzensulphonic acid 4-Toluene sulfonic acid 70788-37-3 [RN] Benzenesulfonic acid, methyl- Eltesol K-Cure 040 Kyselina p-toluenesulfonova Kyselina p-toluensulfonova [Czech] Kyselina p-toluensulfonova Manro PTSA 65 E Manro PTSA 65 H Manro PTSA 65 LS Methylbenzenesulfonic acid MFCD00064387 [MDL number] MFCD00142137 [MDL number] MFCD02683442 [MDL number] Para Toluene Sulfonic Acid PARA-TOLUENE SULFONATE paratoluene sulfonic acid para-toluene sulfonic acid paratoluenesulfonic acid para-toluenesulphonic acid para-toluensulfonic acid p-cresol sulfate p-Methyl-benzenesulfonic acid p-Methylbenzenesulfonic Acid (en) p-methylphenylsulfonic acid P-Toluene Sulfonic acid(monohydrate) p-Toluene-sulfonic acid p-toluenesulfonicacid p-tolyl sulfonic acid p-tolylsulfonic acid Toluen-4-sulfonsaeure toluene-4-sulfonate toluene-p-sulfonic acid Toluenesulfonic acid (VAN) Toluenesulphonic acid TOS tosylate [Wiki] tosylic acid TSA-HP TSA-MH [Trade name] TSU WLN: WSQR D1 对甲苯磺酸 [Chinese] 203-180-0 [EINECS] 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] 4-Methylbenzenesulphonic acid 4-Methylbenzolsulfonsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] 4-toluenesulfonic acid Acide 4-méthylbenzènesulfonique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl- [ACD/Index Name] para-toluenesulfonic acid p-Methylbenzenesulfonic Acid P-Toluene Sulfonic acid p-Toluenesulfonic acid [Wiki] p-toluenesulphonic acid p-toluensulfonic acid p-Toluolenesulfonic acid PTSA p-TsOH [Formula] Toluene sulfonic acid Toluene-4-sulfonic acid Toluene-4-sulphonic acid Toluenesulfonic acid tosic acid TsOH [Formula] 236-576-7 [EINECS] 3233-58-7 [RN] 4-11-00-00241 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein] 472690 [Beilstein] 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid 4-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid 4-methylbenzensulphonic acid 4-Toluene sulfonic acid 70788-37-3 [RN] Benzenesulfonic acid, methyl- Eltesol K-Cure 040 Kyselina p-toluenesulfonova Kyselina p-toluensulfonova [Czech] Kyselina p-toluensulfonova Manro PTSA 65 E Manro PTSA 65 H Manro PTSA 65 LS Methylbenzenesulfonic acid MFCD00064387 [MDL number] MFCD00142137 [MDL number] MFCD02683442 [MDL number] Para Toluene Sulfonic Acid PARA-TOLUENE SULFONATE paratoluene sulfonic acid para-toluene sulfonic acid paratoluenesulfonic acid para-toluenesulphonic acid para-toluensulfonic acid p-cresol sulfate p-Methyl-benzenesulfonic acid p-Methylbenzenesulfonic Acid (en) p-methylphenylsulfonic acid P-Toluene Sulfonic acid(monohydrate) p-Toluene-sulfonic acid p-toluenesulfonicacid p-tolyl sulfonic acid p-tolylsulfonic acid Toluen-4-sulfonsaeure toluene-4-sulfonate toluene-p-sulfonic acid Toluenesulfonic acid (VAN) Toluenesulphonic acid TOS tosylate [Wiki] tosylic acid TSA-HP TSA-MH [Trade name] TSU WLN: WSQR D1 对甲苯磺酸 [Chinese] Toluol-p-sulfonsäure Toluolsulfo säure, p- 65 %; 65% Active Matter; active substance Toluolsulfo säure, para Toluolsulfonic acid, para Tosic acid TSA Wilconate TX Acid Witco TX Acid

Toluene is a liquid, which is colourless, water-insoluble and smells like paint thinners.
Toluene is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a methyl group (CH3) attached to a phenyl group.
Toluene is predominantly in use as an industrial feedstock and a solvent.

CAS Number: 108-88-3
EC Number: 203-625-9
Chemical Formula: C7H8
Molar Mass: 92.141 g·mol−1

Toluene, also known as toluol, is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon.
Toluene is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners.

Toluene is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a methyl group (CH3) attached to a phenyl group.
As such, Toluene systematic IUPAC name is methylbenzene.
Toluene is predominantly used as an industrial feedstock and a solvent.

As the solvent in some types of paint thinner, permanent markers, contact cement and certain types of glue, toluene is sometimes used as a recreational inhalant and has the potential of causing severe neurological harm.

Toluene is a naturally occurring compound derived primarily from petroleum or petrochemical processes.
Toluene is a common component in gasoline, glues, and paint products.

Toluene is a liquid, which is colourless, water-insoluble and smells like paint thinners.
Toluene is a mono-substituted colourless liquid, consisting of a CH3 group that is attached to a phenyl group.

Toluene is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Toluene is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid which becomes a vapor when exposed to air at room temperature.
Toluene vapor has a sharp or sweet odor, which is a sign of exposure.

Toluene is typically used in a mixture with other solvents and chemicals such as paint pigments.
Products that may contain toluene-such as paint, metal cleaners and adhesives-are used in many industries and can be found in many workplaces.

Gasoline and other fuels also contain toluene.
Workers using toluene-containing paints, varnishes, shellac, nail polish, glues and adhesives, rust preventives or printing inks may be exposed to toluene.

Workers can be exposed to toluene by breathing Toluene in, getting Toluene on their skin, getting Toluene splashed into their eyes, or swallowing it.
These types of exposures may make workers sick immediately or cause effects over time.
Toluene exposures have been studied in nail salons and printing establishments, auto repair, and construction activities.

Without proper ventilation and safety precautions, toluene can cause irritated eyes, nose, and throat; dry or cracked skin; headache, dizziness, feeling of being drunk, confusion and anxiety.
Symptoms worsen as exposure increases, and long term exposure may lead to tiredness, slow reaction, difficulty sleeping, numbness in the hands or feet, or female reproductive system damage and pregnancy loss.
If swallowed, toluene can cause liver and kidney damage.

Toluene is also flammable, and Toluene vapors can be ignited by flames, sparks or other ignition sources.

Toluene is also known as toluol.
Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Toluene is a mono-substituted benzene derivative and consists of a methyl group i.e., CH3 that is attached to a phenyl group.
The systematic IUPAC name of toluene is methylbenzene.

Toluene is predominantly in use as an industrial feedstock and a solvent.
Toluene is a common solvent like paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants, many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues),lacquers, leather tanners, and disinfectants.

Toluene is also in use as a recreational inhalant.
Toluene has the capability of causing severe neurological harm to our body.

Toluene is a naturally occurring compound.
Toluene is primarily derived from petroleum or petrochemical processes.

Toluene is a very common component in substances like gasoline, glues, and other products.
Toluene is a liquid that is colourless, water-insoluble and smells similar to paint thinners.

Toluene, aromatic hydrocarbon used extensively as starting material for the manufacture of industrial chemicals.
Toluene comprises 15–20 percent of coal-tar light oil and is a minor constituent of petroleum.
Both sources provide toluene for commercial use, but larger amounts are made by catalytic reforming of petroleum naphtha.

Toluene is used in the synthesis of trinitrotoluene (TNT), benzoic acid, saccharin, dyes, photographic chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.
Toluene is also used as a solvent and antiknock additive for aviation gasoline.

Pure toluene (melting point, -95° C [-139° F]; boiling point, 110.6° C [231.1° F]) is a colourless, flammable, toxic liquid, insoluble in water but soluble in all common organic solvents.
Toluene chemical formula is that of methylbenzene, C6H5CH3.

Toluene is a transparent, colourless liquid with an odour similar to benzene.
Toluene's chemical formula is C6H5CH3.

The chemical compound toluene is naturally occurring and mainly derived from petroleum or petrochemical processes.
The toluene chemical is present in gasoline, glues, and paints. The liquid toluene smells like paint thinners, is colourless and insoluble in water.
Toluene is mono-substituted colourless liquid that has a CH3 group attached to a phenyl group. 

Toluene is a natural substance of gasoline and crude oil.
Toluene is also used for synthesis of benzene and other chemicals, including graphic pigments, paints, and solvents.

Toluene is a highly lipophilic white matter toxin resulting in loss of myelin in cerebral and cerebellar white matter, as well as in diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.
Intentional abuse occurs through inhalation of toluene vapors from a rag soaked in paint or from a paper bag filled with paint or lacquer thinners, which contain toluene as principle component.

While the prevalence of toluene abuse in the United States is unknown, Toluene is estimated that 10% to 15% of people have used the inhalant.
Prolonged exposure to toluene vapors may result in multifocal leukoencephalopathy, with primary clinical manifestations of dementia, ataxia, brain-stem dysfunction, and corticospinal weakness.

Dementia is the most disabling aspect of the syndrome, characterized by apathy, memory loss, visuospatial deficits, and preserved language function.
Leukoencephalopathy of toluene abuse is evident on MRI scans and on postmortem examinations.

In advanced cases, the pattern of multifocal white matter disease can suggest a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in a young adult, if abuse history is not obtained.
Diagnosis, however, is usually clear and is based, in an acute setting, on solvent-smelling breath, perioral “huffer's” rash, and appropriate history.
Toxicological screening can detect toluene in the blood; hippuric acid analysis of urine is also helpful.

Prolonged, low-level occupational exposures to pure toluene are rare; most industrial exposures include solvent mixtures and cause a so-called solvent syndrome, resulting in change in personality and progressing to permanent cognitive impairment.

Toluene is a common ingredient in degreasers.
Toluene is colorless liquid with a sweet smell and taste.

Toluene evaporates quickly.
Toluene is found naturally in crude oil, and is used in oil refining and the manufacturing of paints, lacquers, explosives (TNT) and glues.

In homes, toluene may be found in paint thinners, paintbrush cleaners, nail polish, glues, inks and stain removers.
Toluene is also found in car exhaust and the smoke from cigarettes.

When toluene is spilled on the ground or improperly disposed of, Toluene can seep into soil and contaminate nearby wells and streams.
Toluene can remain unchanged for a long time in soil or water that is not in contact with air.

Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive sweet smell that is widely used in industrial settings as a solvent.
Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree and is also produced when manufacturing gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and in making coke, a type of fuel derived from coal that is used to make steel.

Toluene is typically used in the production of paints, rubber, lacquers, glues and adhesives to help dry, dissolve and thin other substances.
Toluene is also used in the production process to make other chemicals, including benzene, nylon, plastics, and polyurethane and in the synthesis of trinitrotoluene, benzoic acid, benzoyl chloride and toluene diisocyanate.

Toluene has been used as an ingredient in nail polish removers to help dissolve other substances such as resins and plasticizers.
Toluene has also been used in the formulation of nail products to enable nail polishes, hardeners and lacquers to be applied smoothly.

Toluene is a gasoline additive that can be used to improve octane ratings for fuel used in race cars and other automobiles.
The higher the octane number or rating, the greater the fuel’s resistance to knocking or pinging during combustion.
Toluene is used in these applications because Toluene is dense and contains significant energy per unit of volume, which enhances power generation for vehicles.

Toluene can evaporate out of common household products such as glues, paints and paint thinners, and adhesives into air that is inhaled.
Exposure to toluene in consumer products can be reduced by using these products in well-ventilated areas and closely following all label warnings and instructions.

Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive smell.
Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree.

Toluene is also produced in the process of making gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and making coke from coal.
Toluene is used in making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes.

Toluene appears as a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor.
May be toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.
Toluene is used in aviation and automotive fuels, as a solvent, and to make other chemicals.

Toluene is the simplest member of the class toluenes consisting of a benzene core which bears a single methyl substituent.
Toluene has a role as a non-polar solvent, a cholinergic antagonist, a neurotoxin and a fuel additive.
Toluene is a methylbenzene, a volatile organic compound and a member of toluenes.

Toluene is a colorless, liquid that is immiscible in water.
Toluene is a mono-substituted benzene derivative used in veterinary medicine as a treatment for various parasites in dogs and cats.

Toluene is added to gasoline, used to produce benzene, and used as a solvent.
Exposure to toluene may occur from breathing ambient or indoor air affected by such sources.

The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposures.
CNS dysfunction and narcosis have been frequently observed in humans acutely exposed to elevated airborne levels of toluene; symptoms include fatigue, sleepiness, headaches, and nausea.

CNS depression has been reported to occur in chronic abusers exposed to high levels of toluene.
Chronic inhalation exposure of humans to toluene also causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, sore throat, dizziness, and headache.

Human studies have reported developmental effects, such as CNS dysfunction, attention deficits, and minor craniofacial and limb anomalies, in the children of pregnant women exposed to high levels of toluene or mixed solvents by inhalation.
EPA has concluded that that there is inadequate information to assess the carcinogenic potential of toluene.

Toluene is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available.

Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon composed of a benzene ring linked to one methyl group.
Toluene is used a solvent or as a chemical intermediate in various industrial applications.
Rapid inhalation of high concentrations of toluene can cause severe neurological complications.

Toluene is found in allspice.
Toluene is isolated from distilled tolu balsam (Myroxylon balsamum).

Minor constituent of lime oil (Citrus aurantifolia).
Toluene, formerly known as toluol, is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners.

Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial feedstock and as a solvent.
Toluene has been shown to exhibit beta-oxidant, depressant, hepatoprotective, anesthetic and neurotransmitter functions (A7693, A7694, A7695, A7696, A7697).

Applications of Toluene:
Toluene is used in paint and gas refineries, as well as other industrial operations, but Toluene can be toxic when inhaled or ingested.
People working with toluene should be prepared by carrying a first-aid kit in case an emergency arises during work hours.

Different uses of toluene:

A solvent for paints and stains:
This is the most common use of toluene.
Toluene dissolves oils with ease and evaporates quickly, making Toluene the best choice for removing residual stains on walls or boards.

Toluene use in paints is also very common.
Toluene low cost and ability to dissolve pigments makes Toluene a preferred solvent in paint production.
However, this makes Toluene very dangerous to handle when paint spills are reported as inhalation may result in harmful exposure to this chemical compound.

Solvent for rubber cement:
Toluene is also a good solvent for rubber cements because of Toluene relative cheapness and ability to dissolve a variety of compounds.
Toluene is especially good at dissolving rubber cement quickly, making Toluene an ideal choice for sealing envelopes and keeping other stamps dry.

Solvent in the production of styrene-butadiene latexes:
Toluene is also used as a solvent in the production of styrene-butadiene latexes; these are vital products in the production of tires, synthetic rubbers, adhesives and coatings.
This means that controlling toluene is extremely important for anyone wishing to work in a paint manufacturer or tire factory.
However, due to Toluene toxicity in high concentrations, wearing adequate breathing apparatus when working with Toluene may be advisable.

Solvent in the production of rubber chemicals:
Toluene is sometimes used as a solvent in the production of rubber chemicals.
However, Toluene is not widely used because other solvents are cheaper and more efficient.

Solvent for the extraction of oils:
Toluene can also be used as a solvent to extract oils from food products such as olives.
This is extremely important because damaged fruit cannot be sold if Toluene looks unappetizing and could even put people at risk of contracting food poisoning if eaten without processing.
Here again, since toluene has low boiling and vaporization points, Toluene must be handled with care when transferred or processed using machinery.

Solvent in the production of automobile gasoline:
Aside from paints, toluene is also used as a solvent in the production of automobile gasoline.
Toluene low boiling point and low cost make Toluene a popular choice for refiners, especially with lower prices for high-octane blends.

The solvents removed from gasoline are more expensive than those produced by petroleum distillates and can be sold for as much as ten times more.
This explains why toluene is so commonly used by refiners in small quantities compared to other oligomerics such as dicyclopentadiene and tetradecafluoroethylene (CFCs).

Solvent for oil drilling:
Oil drillers often use a mixture of toluene and ethanol in their injection fluid to increase the efficiency of extraction.
This is because the two solvents relax the rock formations in order to increase the amount of oil extracted from those deposits.

This makes Toluene necessary for them to wear proper protection when handling chemical equipment that comes into contact with this chemical compound.
Other drilling operations may also use diesel fuel mixed with toluene, but this mixture is more expensive and less convenient to transport.
This helps to answer the question what is toluene used for.

Solvent in the production of paints:
Toluene is also used as a solvent in the production of paints that are made for rust-proofing.
Toluene works by dissolving the paint and allowing Toluene to penetrate deeper into the metal, making Toluene ideal for use with vehicles exposed to water and elements.
However, Toluene is not used in products intended for commercial or residential houses because of Toluene toxicity when inhaled.

Solvent for removal of residual coatings from fabrics
Another use of toluene is as a solvent for removing residual coatings from fabrics such as polyester and cotton.
About 2-4% toluene is added to the mixture, which is then sprayed on one side of fabric.

In conclusion, toluene has a variety of uses and is widely used in industry.

However, as a result of Toluene toxic nature when inhaled, any worker handling this chemical compound must take the following precautions:
(1)Use a respirator with a strong air supply in case toluene is being released into the atmosphere.

(2)Wear gloves whenever handling products containing toluene, especially paint and cleaning products that may cause exposure when spilled.

(3)Keep an eye on other workers in case they start to exhibit signs of dyspnea or respiratory distress, which are both symptoms of prolonged exposure.
Dyspnea means shortness of breath while respiratory distress is characterized by breathing through the mouth because air cannot be forced through the nose.

(4)Keep all equipment used for handling solvents away from the body as much as possible for maximum protection.

Toluene is primarily used as a mixture added to gasoline to improve octane ratings.

However, toluene is also used in the production of various chemicals, including:
Benzene
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Benzoic Acid
Benzoyl Chloride
Toluene Diisocyanate

In addition to the production of certain chemicals and being a gasoline additive, toluene is also used to produce a number of consumer products, including:
Paints
Paint Thinner
Antifreeze
Lacquers
Coatings
Synthetic Fragrances
Adhesives
Inks
Cleaning Agents
Polyurethane
Plastic Soda Bottles
Pharmaceuticals
Dyes
Nylon
Heating Oil
Kerosene
Cosmetic Nail Products
Shoe polish

Uses of Toluene:
The major use of toluene is as a mixture added to gasoline to improve octane ratings.
Toluene is also used to produce benzene and as a solvent in paints, coatings, synthetic fragrances, adhesives, inks, and cleaning agents.

Derived from petroleum, toluene is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.
Purified toluene contains about 0.01% benzene, but crude toluene may contain as much as 25% benzene.

Rotogravure printers were exposed to high concentrations of toluene (decreasing from about 1710 ppm in 1969 to about 43-157 ppm in 1980).
Toluene is used in photography (color retouching)

Toluene is a component of gasoline, paints, inks, lacquers, paint thinners, adhesives, fingernail polish, cleaning agents, and rubber.
BTX (a mixture of benzene, toluene, and xylene) is added to gasoline to improve octane ratings.
Toluene is used to produce benzene, trinitrotoluene (TNT), nylon, plastics, and polyurethanes.

Toluene is used in paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes.
Gasoline, which contains 5 to 7 perfect toluene by weight, is the largest source of atmospheric emissions and exposure of the general populace.

Precursor to benzene and xylene:

Toluene is mainly used as a precursor to benzene via hydrodealkylation:
C6H5CH3 + H2 → C6H6 + CH4

The second ranked application involves Toluene disproportionation to a mixture of benzene and xylene.

Nitration:
Nitration of toluene gives mono-, di-, and trinitrotoluene, all of which are widely used.
Dinitrotoluene is the precursor to toluene diisocyanate, which used in the manufacture of polyurethane foam.
Trinitrotoluene is the explosive typically abbreviated TNT.

Oxidation:
Benzoic acid and benzaldehyde are produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.
Typical catalysts include cobalt or manganese naphthenates.

Solvent:
Toluene is a common solvent, e.g. for paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants, many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and disinfectants.

Fuel:
Toluene can be used as an octane booster in gasoline fuels for internal combustion engines as well as jet fuel.
Toluene at 86% by volume fuelled all the turbocharged engines in Formula One during the 1980s, first pioneered by the Honda team.

The remaining 14% was a "filler" of n-heptane, to reduce the octane rating to meet Formula One fuel restrictions.
Toluene at 100% can be used as a fuel for both two-stroke and four-stroke engines; however, due to the density of the fuel and other factors, the fuel does not vaporize easily unless preheated to 70 °C (158 °F).
Honda solved this problem in their Formula One cars by routing the fuel lines through a heat exchanger, drawing energy from the water in the cooling system to heat the fuel.

In Australia in 2003, toluene was found to have been illegally combined with petrol in fuel outlets for sale as standard vehicular fuel.
Toluene incurs no fuel excise tax, while other fuels are taxed at more than 40%, providing a greater profit margin for fuel suppliers.
The extent of toluene substitution has not been determined.

Niche applications:
In the laboratory, toluene is used as a solvent for carbon nanomaterials, including nanotubes and fullerenes, and Toluene can also be used as a fullerene indicator.
The color of the toluene solution of C60 is bright purple.

Toluene is used as a cement for fine polystyrene kits (by dissolving and then fusing surfaces) as Toluene can be applied very precisely by brush and contains none of the bulk of an adhesive.
Toluene can be used to break open red blood cells in order to extract hemoglobin in biochemistry experiments.

Toluene has also been used as a coolant for Toluene good heat transfer capabilities in sodium cold traps used in nuclear reactor system loops.
Toluene had also been used in the process of removing the cocaine from coca leaves in the production of Coca-Cola syrup.

Transportation:
Toluene is produced in the manufacturing of gasoline, and Toluene is also a gasoline additive that can be used to improve octane ratings for fuel used in race cars and other automobiles.
The higher the octane number or rating, the greater the fuel’s resistance to knocking or pinging during combustion.
Toluene is used in these applications because Toluene is dense and contains significant energy per unit of volume, which enhances power generation for vehicles.

Personal Care Products:
Toluene has been used as an ingredient in nail polish removers, due to Toluene ability to help dissolve other substances, such as resins and plasticizers.
Toluene has also been used in the formulation of nail products to enable nail polishes, hardeners and lacquers to be applied smoothly.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Toluene is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants, fuels, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers and washing & cleaning products.
Toluene is used in the following areas: building & construction work, scientific research and development and health services.

Toluene is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of Toluene is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Uses at industrial sites:
Toluene is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants, polymers, fuels, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners and lubricants and greases.
Toluene is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Toluene is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Toluene can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and formulation of mixtures.

Toluene is typically used in the production of paints, rubber, lacquers, glues and adhesives because Toluene can help dry, dissolve and thin other substances.
Toluene is used in the production process to make other chemicals, including benzene, nylon, plastics, and polyurethane and in the synthesis of trinitrotoluene (TNT), benzoic acid, benzoyl chloride and toluene diisocyanate.

Industry Uses:
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Anti-adhesive agents
Anti-adhesive/cohesive
Catalyst
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Defoamer
Diluent
Fuel
Fuel agents
Fuels and fuel additives
Intermediate
Intermediates
Laboratory chemicals
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Monomers
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Opacifer
Other
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Photosensitive chemicals
Plasticizers
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Sealant (barrier)
Solvent
Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Surface active agents
Surface modifier
Viscosity adjustors
Wetting agent (non-aqueous)

Consumer Uses:
Toluene is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), textile treatment products and dyes, anti-freeze products, leather treatment products, fuels and adhesives and sealants.
Other release to the environment of Toluene is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Other Consumer Uses:
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Anti-adhesive/cohesive
Catalyst
Corrosion inhibitor
Defoamer
Diluent
Dispersing agent
Fuel
Fuel agents
Fuels and fuel additives
Intermediate
Intermediates
Monomers
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Opacifer
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Sealant (barrier)
Solvent
Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Semiconductor Manufacturing
Painting (Solvents)
Working with Glues and Adhesives
Leather Tanning and Processing
Photographic Processing
Silk-Screen Printing

Activities with risk of exposure:
Painting
Woodworking
Preparing and mounting animal skins (taxidermy)

Properties of Toluene:
Toluene is more reactive to electrophiles than benzene.
Due to the greater part of the methyl group than the electron-releasing properties, Toluene reacts normal fragrant in the same position.
Toluene faces sulphonation to provide an acid called p-toluenesulfonic and chlorination by Cl2 in the presence of FeCl3 to give ortho and para isomers of chlorotoluene.

Chemical properties:
The distance between carbon atoms in the toluene ring is 0.1399 nm.
The C-CH3 bond is longer at 0.1524 nm, while the average C-H bond length is 0.111 nm.

Toluene reacts as a normal aromatic hydrocarbon in electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Because the methyl group has greater electron-releasing properties than a hydrogen atom in the same position, toluene is more reactive than benzene toward electrophiles.
Toluene undergoes sulfonation to give p-toluenesulfonic acid, and chlorination by Cl2 in the presence of FeCl3 to give ortho and para isomers of chlorotoluene.

Importantly, the methyl side chain in toluene is susceptible to oxidation.
Toluene reacts with potassium permanganate to yield benzoic acid, and with chromyl chloride to yield benzaldehyde (Étard reaction).

The C-H bonds of the methyl group in toluene are benzylic, which means that they are weaker than C-H bonds in simpler alkanes.

Reflecting this weakness, the methyl group in toluene undergoes halogenation under free radical conditions.
For example, when heated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of AIBN, toluene converts to benzyl bromide.
The same conversion can be effected with elemental bromine in the presence of UV light or even sunlight.

Toluene may also be brominated by treating Toluene with HBr and H2O2 in the presence of light.

C6H5CH3 + Br2 → C6H5CH2Br + HBr
C6H5CH2Br + Br2 → C6H5CHBr2 + HBr

The methyl group in toluene undergoes deprotonation only with very strong bases; Toluene pKa is estimated to be approximately 41.
Complete hydrogenation of toluene gives methylcyclohexane. The reaction requires a high pressure of hydrogen and a catalyst.

Miscibility of Toluene:
Toluene is miscible (soluble in all proportions) with ethanol, benzene, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, glacial acetic acid and carbon disulfide, but immiscible with water.

Structure of Toluene:
Toluene is widely used as an industrial raw material and a solvent for manufacturing many commercial products, including paints and glues.

Production of Toluene:
Toluene occurs naturally at low levels in crude oil and is a byproduct in the production of gasoline by a catalytic reformer or ethylene cracker.
Toluene is also a byproduct of the production of coke from coal.
Final separation and purification is done by any of the distillation or solvent extraction processes used for BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene isomers).

Other preparative routes:
Toluene can be prepared by a variety of methods.

For example, benzene reacts with methanol in presence of a solid acid to give toluene:
C6H6 + CH3OH ->[t^o]C6H5CH3 + H2O

Manufacturing Methods of Toluene:
Toluene is possible to synthesize toluene industrially by alkylation of benzene with methanol, and by cyclization of n-heptane with subsequent aromatization.
However, for economic reasons toluene is extracted from reformates from crude petroleum distillates; liquid products from the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons (steam cracking) /and/ liquid products from the gasification or coking (pyrolysis) of coal, lignite, etc.

An important aspect of the extraction of toluene is the fact that the pyrolysis products (from steam cracking, coking, etc.) must be hydrogenated before pure toluene can be extracted.
The unsaturated components are converted to saturated ones and the heteroatoms such as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are removed.

In the case of reformates such pretreatment is usually unnecessary.
For the separation of toluene from other components within the same boiling range several methods are available, depending on quality requirements.

Fine fractionation is now suitable only for the production of toluene with lower purity, and involves significant losses in fores and tails.
Azeotropic distillation uses entrainers, such as methanol, to separate toluene from nonaromatics; a nonaromatics - methanol fraction with a lower bp than the methanol - toluene azeotrope distills at the column head, while pure toluene is removed from Toluene base.

Methanol is recovered from the distillate by washing with water.
For economic reasons, extractive distillation is now used only for the separation of toluene from nonaromatics.

Technical grade solvents with higher bp than toluene have proved to be suitable extraction agents, e.g., N-methylpyrrolidone (Distapex process, Lurgi Ol-Gas-Chemie), and morpholine (Morphylane process, Krupp-Koppers).
Extractive distillation essentially involves two distillation columns between which the extraction agent is circulated.

The toluene-containing material is charged to the extraction column; the extraction agent is charged to the column head.
The extraction agent - toluene mixture leaves the column at the bottom, and is separated into pure toluene and extraction agent in a second recovery column.

Toluene obtained at the distillation head of the extraction column contains the nonaromatic components of the starting material and the extraction agent.
This fraction is separated in the recovery column into raffinate (nonaromatics) and extraction agent.
The latter is then combined with the main portion of extraction agent from the recovery column, and fed back into the extraction column.

Catalytic reforming of petroleum steams accounts for 87% of total toluene production.
An additional 9% is separated from pyrolysis gasoline produced in steam crackers during manufacture of ethylene and propylene coal-tar separation from coke ovens produces 1% of total toluene up to 2% of the toluene produced is obtained as a by-product from styrene manufacture.

(1) By catalytic reforming of petroleum.
(2) By fractional distillation of coal tar light oil.

General Manufacturing Information of Toluene:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive Manufacturing
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
All other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Coating Materials Manufacturing
Construction
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Other (requires additional information)
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Paper Manufacturing
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Refineries
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Primary Metal Manufacturing
Printing and Related Support Activities
Rubber Product Manufacturing
Services
Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade

Identification of Toluene:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

Method: NIOSH 1501, Issue 3
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: toluene
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 0.7 ug/sample.

Method: NIOSH 2549, Issue 1
Procedure: thermal desorption, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry
Analyte: toluene
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 100 ng per tube or less.

Method: NIOSH 3800, Issue 1
Procedure: extractive fourier transform infrared spectrometry
Analyte: toluene
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 1.16 ppm at 10-meter absorption pathlength.

Method: NIOSH 4000, Issue 2
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: toluene vapor
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 0.01 mg/sample.

History of Toluene:
Toluene was first isolated in 1837 through a distillation of pine oil by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Filip Neriusz Walter, who named Toluene rétinnaphte.
In 1841, Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated a hydrocarbon from balsam of Tolu (an aromatic extract from the tropical Colombian tree Myroxylon balsamum), which Deville recognized as similar to Walter's rétinnaphte and to benzene; hence he called the new hydrocarbon benzoène.

In 1843, Jöns Jacob Berzelius recommended the name toluin.
In 1850, French chemist Auguste Cahours isolated from a distillate of wood a hydrocarbon which he recognized as similar to Deville's benzoène and which Cahours named toluène.

Handling and Storage of Toluene:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Toluene must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Toluene without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Safe Storage of Toluene:
Fireproof.
Separated from strong oxidants.

Storage Conditions of Toluene:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Handle and store under inert gas.

Store in a flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinet away from ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials.
Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist.

Toluene must be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine), since violent reactions occur.
Protect storage containers from physical damage.

Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where toluene is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.
Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of toluene should be grounded and bonded.

Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters.
Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of toluene.

Outside or detached storage is preferred.
Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.
Separate from oxidizing materials.

First Aid Measures of Toluene:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Toluene:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or regular foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
If Toluene can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Accidental Release Measures of Toluene:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Toluene:

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit and self-contained breathing apparatus.
Remove all ignition sources.

Do NOT wash away into sewer.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of Toluene:
CAS Number: 108-88-3

Abbreviations:
PhMe
MePh
BnH
Tol

ChEBI: CHEBI:17578
ChEMBL: ChEMBL9113
ChemSpider: 1108
DrugBank: DB01900
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.297
IUPHAR/BPS: 5481
KEGG: C01455
PubChem CID: 1140
RTECS number: XS5250000
UNII: 3FPU23BG52
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7021360
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3
Key: YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3
Key: YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYAT
SMILES: Cc1ccccc1

EC / List no.: 203-625-9
CAS no.: 108-88-3
Mol. formula: C7H8

Properties of Toluene:
Chemical formula: C7H8
Molar mass: 92.141 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: sweet, pungent, benzene-like
Density: 0.8623 g/mL (25 °C)
Melting point: −95.0 °C (−139.0 °F; 178.2 K)
Boiling point: 110.60 °C (231.08 °F; 383.75 K)
Solubility in water: 0.54 g/L (5 °C)
0.519 g/L (25 °C)
0.63 g/L (45 °C)
1.2 g/L (90 °C)
log P: 2.73
Vapor pressure: 2.8 kPa (20 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −66.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.1310 W/(m·K) (25 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4941 (25 °C)
Viscosity: 0.560 mPa·s (25 °C)

Molecular Weight: 92.14 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 92.062600255 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 92.062600255 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 42
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Structure of Toluene:
Dipole moment: 0.375 D

Thermochemistry of Toluene:
Heat capacity (C): 157.3 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): 12.4 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 3.910 MJ/mol

Related compounds of Toluene:
methylcyclohexane

Related aromatic hydrocarbons:
benzene
xylene
naphthalene

Names of Toluene:

Regulatory process names:
Antisal 1a
Benzene, methyl-
Methacide
Methane, phenyl-
Methylbenzene
Methylbenzol
Phenylmethane
Tolu-Sol
Tolueen
Toluen
Toluene
TOLUENE
Toluene
toluene
Tolueno
Toluol
Toluolo

Translated names:
metylobenzen (pl)
tolueen (et)
tolueen (nl)
Tolueeni (fi)
toluen (cs)
toluen (da)
toluen (hr)
toluen (mt)
toluen (no)
toluen (pl)
Toluen (ro)
toluen (sl)
toluen (sv)
toluen metylobenzen (pl)
toluenas (lt)
toluene (it)
tolueno (es)
tolueno (pt)
Toluol (de)
toluol (hu)
toluols (lv)
toluène (fr)
toluén (sk)
τολουόλιο (el)
толуен (bg)

IUPAC names:
1-Methylbenzene
1-Methylbenzene
ARON S-1030C
Benzene, methyl
Benzene, methyl-
fenilmetano
METHYL BENZENE
Methyl Benzene
Methyl benzene
methyl benzene
Methylbenzen
methylbenzen
METHYLBENZENE
Methylbenzene
methylbenzene
Methylbenzene
Methylbenzol
METILBENZENE
metilbenzene
metylobenzen
Phenylmethane
Toluen
toluen
TOLUENE
Toluene
toluene
TOLUENE
Toluene
toluene
Toluene (TR0009B)
Toluol
Toluol
Toluène
Toulene
Touol technisch

Preferred IUPAC name:
Toluene

Systematic IUPAC name:
Methylbenzene

Trade names:
1-Methylbenzene
Antisal 1a
Benzene, methyl- (9CI)
CP 25
CP 25 (solvent)
Crosslinker 181 S
Methacide
Methylbenzene
Methylbenzol
Phenylmethane
POLYTONE AP 108
POLYTONE AP 109
POLYTONE AP 109 D
POLYTONE AP 110
POLYTONE AP 111
POLYTONE AP 111 HM
POLYTONE AP 112
POLYTONE AP 112 SR
POLYTONE AP 114
POLYTONE AP 120
POLYTONE AP 130
Pure Toluene
Reintoluol
SS 8010
Toluene
toluene
Toluene (8CI)
TOLUENO
Tolueno
Toluol
Toluol (L)
Toluol technisch
TSC920

Other names:
Methyl benzene
Benzylene
Phenylmethane
Toluol
Anisen

Other identifiers:
1053657-77-4
108-88-3
1202864-97-8
601-021-00-3

Synonyms of Toluene:
toluene
methylbenzene
108-88-3
toluol
Phenylmethane
Benzene, methyl-
methacide
methylbenzol
antisal 1a
Toluen
tolu-sol
monomethyl benzene
Methane, phenyl-
Tolueen
Toluolo
phenyl methane
1-Methylbenzene
methyl-Benzene
p-toluene
RCRA waste number U220
NCI-C07272
4-methylbenzene
Benzene, methyl
CP 25
NSC 406333
UN 1294
PHME
Toluene-13C6
NSC-406333
TOLUENE (RING-D5)
CHEMBL9113
3FPU23BG52
DTXSID7021360
CHEBI:17578
Toluene, anhydrous
MFCD00008512
NCGC00090939-02
Tolueen [Dutch]
Toluen [Czech]
Toluene, analytical standard
Tolueno [Spanish]
Toluolo [Italian]
DTXCID501360
Caswell No. 859
Tolueno
methyl benzene
para-toluene
Toluene, ACS reagent, >=99.5%
Toluene 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
CAS-108-88-3
CCRIS 2366
HSDB 131
EINECS 203-625-9
UN1294
RCRA waste no. U220
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 080601
UNII-3FPU23BG52
Dracyl
phenyl-methane
toluene solvent
2-methylbenzene
toluene-
AI3-02261
MePh
Titration Solvent
2-methyl benzene
4-methyl-benzene
Benzylidyne radical
Toluene ACS Grade
Toluene HPLC grade
Methylbenzene, 9CI
Toluene (Technical)
Toluene, for HPLC
PhCH3
Toluene, ACS reagent
Toluene, HPLC Grade
4i7k
TOLUENE [HSDB]
TOLUENE [IARC]
TOLUENE [INCI]
Toluene, 99.5%
TOLUENE [MI]
TOLUENE [MART.]
TOLUENE [USP-RS]
Toluene Reagent Grade ACS
EC 203-625-9
Toluene, Environmental Grade
Toluene, Semiconductor Grade
Toluene, LR, >=99%
C6H5CH3
TOLUENE [GREEN BOOK]
WLN: 1R
BIDD:ER0288
Toluene, anhydrous, 99.8%
Toluene, ASTM, 99.5%
Toluene, p.a., 99.5%
GTPL5481
Toluene, AR, >=99.5%
Toluene, for HPLC, 99.9%
Toluene, LR, rectified, 99%
DTXSID00184990
Toluene, HPLC grade, 99.8%
Toluene, Spectrophotometric Grade
Toluene 10 microg/mL in Methanol
Toluene, LR, sulfur free, 99%
Toluene, AR, rectified, 99.5%
Toluene, technical grade, 95.0%
BCP16202
Toluene, for HPLC, >=99.8%
Toluene, for HPLC, >=99.9%
Toluene, histology grade, practical
Toluene, PRA grade, >=99.8%
Toluene 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Tox21_111042
Tox21_201224
BDBM50008558
NSC406333
Toluene, purification grade, 99.8%
AKOS015840411
DB11558
Toluene, anhydrous, (water < 50ppm)
Toluene, puriss., >=99.5% (GC)
Toluene, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
NCGC00090939-01
NCGC00090939-03
NCGC00258776-01
Toluene [UN1294] [Flammable liquid]
Toluene, JIS special grade, >=99.5%
Toluene, Laboratory Reagent, >=99.3%
RAMIPRIL IMPURITY G [EP IMPURITY]
Toluene, for HPLC, >=99.7% (GC)
Toluene, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.5%
Toluene, anhydrous, ZerO2(TM), 99.8%
FT-0688208
T0260
Toluene, suitable for determination of dioxins
C01455
Q15779
Toluene, suitable for scintillation, >=99.7%
Toluene liquid density, NIST(R) SRM(R) 211d
A801937
SR-01000944565
Toluene, ACS spectrophotometric grade, >=99.5%
SR-01000944565-1
Toluene, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99.5%
Toluene, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5%
Toluene, absolute, over molecular sieve (H2O <=0.005%), >=99.7% (GC)
Toluene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Residual Solvent - Toluene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Toluene, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.7% (GC)
25013-04-1
108-88-3 [RN]
1262769-46-9 [RN]
203-625-9 [EINECS]
635760 [Beilstein]
Benzene, methyl
Benzene, methyl- [ACD/Index Name]
MeC6H5 [Formula]
Methane, phenyl-
Methyl benzene
methylbenzene [Wiki]
methyl-benzene
MFCD00008512 [MDL number]
MFCD08460928 [MDL number]
phenyl methane
phenylmethane
Tolueen [Dutch]
Toluen [Czech]
Toluen [Turkish]
Toluene [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
Toluène [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Tolueno [Spanish]
Toluol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Toluolo [Italian]
Τολουόλιο [Modern Greek (1453-)]
Толуол [Russian]
トルエン [Japanese]
分子式 [Chinese]
1,3-Dideuterio-5-methylbenzene
1124-18-1 [RN]
1603-99-2 [RN]
1-methylbenzene
22904-44-5 [RN]
Methyl benzol
Methylbenzene, FM approval
Methylbenzene203-625-9MFCD00008512
Methylbenzene-d5
methylene, phenyl-
MFCD00012047 [MDL number]
otoline
Phenyl-Methane
Phenylmethylene
TOLUENE (METHYL-D3)
Toluene, GlenDry, anhydrous
toluene-d5
Toluol, Methylbenzene
Tolu-Sol [Trade name]

DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate; 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-b- enzopyran-6-ol, acetate; Tocopheryl acetate; 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol acetate; 133-80-2; 1407-18-7; 18920-61-1; 54-22-8; DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate; cas no: 7695-91-2

Toluene-2,5-diol is a versatile compound that finds many applications in polymer science due to its good binding properties and strength.
Toluene-2,5-diol is an off-white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 124.137 g/mol and a melting point ranging around 110-112°C.
Additionally, Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a stabilizer in acrylics and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil, and other inedible fats and oils.

CAS Number: 95-71-6
EC number: 202-443-7
Molecular Formula: CH3C6H3-1,4-(OH)2
Molecular Weight: 124.14

Synonyms: Toluhydroquinone, 2-Toluhydroquinone, 95-71-6, 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Toluhydroquinone, p-Toluhydroquinone, Toluquinol, p-Toluquinol, Tolylhydroquinone, p-Toluhydroquinol, 2,5-Toluenediol, Methyl-p-hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol, METHYL HYDROQUINONE, Hydroquinone, methyl-, Hydroquinone, tolyl-, Pyrolin, 2-Methyl-1,4-hydroquinone, NSC 4962, UNII-332W51E0OC, MFCD00002345, NSC4962, 332W51E0OC, EINECS 202-443-7, BRN 2041489, 2-Methyl-benzene-1,4-diol, methylhydroquinon, 3-methyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, AI3-14932, 2-methylhydroquinol, methyl-p-hydroquinol, monoToluhydroquinone, 2-methyl hydroquinone, 2-Methyl-hydroquinone, monomethyl hydroquinone, 2-Methyl-p-hydroquinone, DSSTox_CID_876, Toluhydroquinone, 99%, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenol, 4-hydroxy-2-methylphenol, EC 202-443-7, 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diole, DSSTox_RID_75840, Toluhydroquinone, >=99%, WLN: L6V DVJ X1, DSSTox_GSID_20876, SCHEMBL36349, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene polymer, 2,5-DHTOP, 4-06-00-05866, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, CHEMBL450917, WLN: L6V DVJ XR X1, 3-metyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene, DTXSID4020876, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene, CHEBI:133842, BDBM176768, ZINC388086, NSC-4962, Tox21_200506, AKOS015856210, AC-4660, CS-W013533, MCULE-7035325950, CAS-95-71-6, NCGC00248664-01, NCGC00258060-01, AS-15442, CAS# 95-71-6, P353, FT-0613052, M0342, Toluhydroquinone, purum, >=98.0% (HPLC), E83005, US9688816, 8, Q1925586, W-109360, F0001-2277, N-a-Fmoc-N-?-allyloxycarbonyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionicacid, 7DV, 2-Methyl-p-hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-, 202-443-7, 2041489, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol, 2-Méthyl-1,4-benzènediol, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzoldiol, 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2-Toluhydroquinone, 95-71-6, Toluhydroquinone, MFCD00002345, MX6700000, QR DQ B1, "1,4-BENZENEDIOL, 2-METHYL-", "1,4-BENZENEDIOL, 2-METHYL-"|"2-METHYLBENZENE-1,4-DIOL", "2-METHYLBENZENE-1,4-DIOL", p-toluquinol, 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propanone, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 135648-79-2, 140627-29-8, 2,4-DCT, 2,5-DHTOP, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Toluhydroquinone, 2,5-Toluenediol, 202-443-7MFCD00002345, 202-445-8, 29763-99-3, 2-METHYLHYDROQUI, 2-Toluhydroquinone;2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, 4-05-00-00815, 4-06-00-05866, 437-50-3, 65916-21-4, 78446-96-5, 7DV, 95-73-8, 96937-50-7, EINECS 202-443-7, Gentisin, Hydroquinone, methyl-, Toluhydroquinone, Toluhydroquinone|2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Methyl-p-hydroquinone, PHENOXY, 4-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-, S1, THQ (VAN), WLN: L6V DVJ X1, WLN: L6V DVJ XR X1

Toluene-2,5-diol typically appears as white to off-white crystals or a powder.
Toluene-2,5-diol has a melting point ranging around 110-112°C and is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and chloroform.

Toluene-2,5-diol is a versatile compound.
Toluene-2,5-diol finds many applications in the field of polymer science due to Ant good binding properties as well as Toluene-2,5-diol strength.

Toluene-2,5-diol is an off-white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 124.137 g/mol.
Toluene-2,5-diol has a characteristic odor and Toluene-2,5-diol melting point is 262.4°F.

Toluene-2,5-diol is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can bind to DNA, forming covalent adducts.
Toluene-2,5-diol has been shown to have an optimum concentration of 10 μM, and the hydroxyl group on Toluene-2,5-diol phenolic ring enables Toluene-2,5-diol to form hydrogen bonding interactions with nucleic acids.

Toluene-2,5-diol has been shown to inhibit angiogenic process in vitro and in vivo, as well as inhibiting the growth of tumor cells by binding to DNA.
Toluene-2,5-diol also inhibits the transfer of methyl groups from methyl donors such as S-adenosylhomocysteine and methionine to acceptor molecules such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Toluene-2,5-diol Chemical which is a tan to white crystalline solid.
Toluene-2,5-diol is a highly active inhibitor in the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyesters.

Toluene-2,5-diol undergoes chemical reactions similar to those of hydroquinone.
The presence of a methyl group in the ortho position in the Toluene-2,5-diol molecule is the slight structural and behavioral difference between Toluene-2,5-diol and hydroquinone.

Toluene-2,5-diol or Toluquinol belongs to a class of compounds called Hydroquinones with one of the benzene hydrogens replaced by a methyl group.
Toluene-2,5-diol is produced by the oxidation of o-cresol by the mutants G103S, G103S/A107G, and G103S/A107T.

Toluene-2,5-diol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.

Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a stabilizer in acrylics and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil and other inedible fats and oils.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.

Toluene-2,5-diol is an organic compound with the molecular formula C7H8O2.
Toluene-2,5-diol is a derivative of hydroquinone, featuring a methyl group attached to the benzene ring at the 2-position.
This structural modification alters Toluene-2,5-diol's properties compared to hydroquinone.

Toluene-2,5-diol typically appears as white to off-white crystals or powder.
Toluene-2,5-diol has a melting point ranging around 110-112°C.
While sparingly soluble in water, Toluene-2,5-diol is more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.

Toluene-2,5-diol finds application in various industries:

Photography:
Toluene-2,5-diol serves as a developing agent in black-and-white photographic developers, facilitating the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver for image formation.

Polymerization Inhibition:
Toluene-2,5-diol acts as an inhibitor in the polymerization of monomers like acrylic acid and styrene, preventing unwanted polymerization during storage and transportation.

Chemical Synthesis:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other organic compounds.

Antioxidant:
Toluene-2,5-diol exhibits antioxidant properties due to its phenolic structure, aiding in stabilizing materials against oxidative degradation.
While considered to have low acute toxicity, Toluene-2,5-diol may pose health risks upon prolonged or repeated exposure and can cause skin sensitization in sensitive individuals.
Toluene-2,5-diol should be handled with appropriate precautions and stored away from incompatible materials and ignition sources.

In the environment, Toluene-2,5-diol is expected to biodegrade, although the rate of degradation may vary depending on environmental conditions.
Limited data are available on Toluene-2,5-diol's ecotoxicity, emphasizing the importance of proper handling and disposal to minimize environmental impact.

Toluene-2,5-diol's versatility and utility in various industrial processes make it a valuable compound, but careful management is essential to ensure both safety and environmental responsibility.

Applications of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a stabilizer for unsaturated polyesters and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil, and other nonfood fats and oils.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a stabilizer to inhibit peroxide formation in ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons and ethyl cellulose.
Toluene-2,5-diol is also used as an intermediate to manufacture other stabilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers.

Toluene-2,5-diol is a marine fungus metabolite, showing activity as an angiosupressor that interferes with the Akt pathway.
Allows for screening of novel inhibitors of angiogenesis.

Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a general adhesive and binding agent in various preparations.
In the automotive industry, Toluene-2,5-diol is widely used for repair as well as maintenance and also caring for automobiles viz, auto shampoo, wax, polish, brake grease.

Toluene-2,5-diol is the main ingredient of any paint.
Toluene-2,5-diol is polymers that form a continuous film on a solid surface.
Toluene-2,5-diol ensure that the coating is evenly spread and well adsorbed on to the surface.

Toluene-2,5-diol also have the major role of holing the pigment molecules responsible for color evenly across the coating.
Toluene-2,5-diol is one of the most widely used a binder for paints.

The technology of thermal insulation of buildings is one of the many steps that men have taken for a sustainable future.
Thermal insulation of buildings reduces energy consumption and prevent heat loss or gain by buildings.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used for thermal insulation as well as soundproofing.

In the construction of buildings and ships, Toluene-2,5-diol is used for plumbing, electrical work, and also bricklaying.
Toluene-2,5-diol is also used to repair sporting boats.

Toluene-2,5-diol can be used as a reactant to prepare:
A semiflexible thermotropic polyester via polycondensation reaction with 4,4′-sebacoyldioxydibenzoyl chloride.
A sesquiterpene (±)-helibisabonol A.
-poly{hexakis[(methyl)(4-hydroxyphenoxy)]cyclotriphosphazene} by reacting with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.
-6-Hydroxy-4,7-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one by treating with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of H2SO4 as a catalyst.

Uses of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol finds application in various industries due to its properties.

Some of Toluene-2,5-diol's common uses include:

1. Photography:
Toluene-2,5-diol serves as a developing agent in black-and-white photographic developers.
Toluene-2,5-diol facilitates the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver, aiding in the formation of photographic images.

2. Polymerization Inhibition:
Toluene-2,5-diol acts as an inhibitor in the polymerization of monomers such as acrylic acid and styrene.
By preventing unwanted polymerization during storage and transportation, Toluene-2,5-diol helps maintain the stability of monomeric solutions.

3. Chemical Synthesis:
Toluene-2,5-diol is utilized as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Toluene-2,5-diol is employed in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other specialty chemicals.

4. Antioxidant:
Due to its phenolic structure, Toluene-2,5-diol exhibits antioxidant properties.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used to stabilize materials against oxidative degradation in industries such as plastics, rubber, and personal care products.

5. Chemical Analysis:
In analytical chemistry, Toluene-2,5-diol is employed as a reagent for the determination of certain metals, such as iron and copper.

6. Research and Development:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in laboratory research and development for its reactivity and ability to modify organic compounds.

These applications highlight the versatility and utility of Toluene-2,5-diol in various industrial processes, ranging from photography and polymerization inhibition to chemical synthesis and antioxidant protection.

Toluene-2,5-diol is antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used as stabilizer and antioxidant in aerylic monomers to prevent polymerization.

Toluene-2,5-diol is a marine fungus metabolite, showing activity as an angiosupressor that interferes with the Akt pathway.
Allows for screening of novel inhibitors of angiogenesis.

Consumer Uses:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in the following products: coating products.
Other release to the environment of Toluene-2,5-diol is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Uses at industrial sites:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, polymers, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and adhesives and sealants.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Toluene-2,5-diol can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as processing aid, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Toluene-2,5-diol is used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Toluene-2,5-diol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Synthesis of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol can be synthesized through various methods, including the alkylating hydroquinone with methyl iodide in the presence of a base, or the oxidation of 2-methylphenol (o-cresol) using oxidizing agents such as nitric acid or potassium permanganate.

Manufacturing of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol or methyl ether derivative thereof is prepared by contacting paramethoxyphenol or para-dimethoxybenzene with an acid catalyst, preferably a solid acid catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 100° to 300° C.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol inhibits the growth of endothelial and tumor cells in culture in the micromolar range and is a promising drug candidate in the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-related pathologies.

Identifiers of Toluene-2,5-diol:
CAS: 95-71-6
Molecular Formula: C7H8O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 124.14
MDL Number: MFCD00002345
InChI Key: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 7253
IUPAC Name: 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
SMILES: CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O

IUPAC Name: 1-Methyl-4-(2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol)
CAS Number: 2468-81-9
Molecular Formula: C7H8O2
SMILES: CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C(O)=C
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8O2/c1-5-2-4-7(9)6(8)3-5/h2-4,9H,1H3
InChI Key: CHUINQENSVKLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Properties of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Molecular Weight: 124.14
XLogP3: 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 124.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 124.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 92.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Quality Level: 100
Assay: 99%
Form: solid
Autoignition temp.: 851 °F
mp: 128-130 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: Cc1cc(O)ccc1O
InChI: 1S/C7H8O2/c1-5-4-6(8)2-3-7(5)9/h2-4,8-9H,1H3
InChI key: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Number: M0342
Purity / Analysis Method: >98.0%(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C7H8O2 = 124.14
Physical State (20 deg.C). Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Light Sensitive,Air Sensitive
CAS RN: 95-71-6
Reaxys Registry Number: 2041489
PubChem Substance ID: 87572412
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 3439
MDL Number: MFCD00002345

Melting point: 128-130 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 285°C
Density: 1.1006 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.4922 (estimate)
Flash point: 172 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 77g/l
form: Crystalline Powder
pka: pK1:10.03;pK2:11.62 (25°C)
color: Grayish-white to light beige
Water Solubility: 77 g/L (25 ºC)
BRN: 2041489
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong bases.
InChIKey: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 95-71-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 332W51E0OC
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-(95-71-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Toluene-2,5-diol (95-71-6)

Physicochemical Information of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Flash point: 172 °C
Ignition temperature: 468 °C
Melting Point: 128 - 130 °C
Solubility: 77 g/l

Specifications of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Assay (HPLC, area%): ≥ 97.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 125 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 128 °C
Identity (IR): passes test
Purity: >98.0%(T)

Names of Toluene-2,5-diol:

Regulatory process names:
2-Toluene-2,5-diol
2-Toluene-2,5-diol

CAS names:
1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-

IUPAC names:
2-METHYL HYDROQUINONE
2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol
2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
2-Toluene-2,5-diol
2-Toluene-2,5-diol
Toluene-2,5-diol
Toluene-2,5-diol

Other identifiers:
135648-79-2
140627-29-8
29763-99-3
65916-21-4
78446-96-5
95-71-6
96937-50-7

Toluhydroquinone, a derivative of hydroquinone with a methyl group attached to the benzene ring at the 2-position, typically appears as white to off-white crystals or powder, with a melting point ranging around 110-112°C.
Toluhydroquinone is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.
Toluhydroquinone finds applications in polymer science, serving as a stabilizer in acrylics and as an antioxidant for various fats and oils.

CAS Number: 95-71-6
EC number: 202-443-7
Molecular Formula: CH3C6H3-1,4-(OH)2
Molecular Weight: 124.14

Synonyms: Toluhydroquinone, 2-Toluhydroquinone, 95-71-6, 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Toluhydroquinone, p-Toluhydroquinone, Toluquinol, p-Toluquinol, Tolylhydroquinone, p-Toluhydroquinol, 2,5-Toluenediol, Methyl-p-hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol, METHYL HYDROQUINONE, Hydroquinone, methyl-, Hydroquinone, tolyl-, Pyrolin, 2-Methyl-1,4-hydroquinone, NSC 4962, UNII-332W51E0OC, MFCD00002345, NSC4962, 332W51E0OC, EINECS 202-443-7, BRN 2041489, 2-Methyl-benzene-1,4-diol, methylhydroquinon, 3-methyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, AI3-14932, 2-methylhydroquinol, methyl-p-hydroquinol, monoToluhydroquinone, 2-methyl hydroquinone, 2-Methyl-hydroquinone, monomethyl hydroquinone, 2-Methyl-p-hydroquinone, DSSTox_CID_876, Toluhydroquinone, 99%, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenol, 4-hydroxy-2-methylphenol, EC 202-443-7, 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diole, DSSTox_RID_75840, Toluhydroquinone, >=99%, WLN: L6V DVJ X1, DSSTox_GSID_20876, SCHEMBL36349, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene polymer, 2,5-DHTOP, 4-06-00-05866, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, CHEMBL450917, WLN: L6V DVJ XR X1, 3-metyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene, DTXSID4020876, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene, CHEBI:133842, BDBM176768, ZINC388086, NSC-4962, Tox21_200506, AKOS015856210, AC-4660, CS-W013533, MCULE-7035325950, CAS-95-71-6, NCGC00248664-01, NCGC00258060-01, AS-15442, CAS# 95-71-6, P353, FT-0613052, M0342, Toluhydroquinone, purum, >=98.0% (HPLC), E83005, US9688816, 8, Q1925586, W-109360, F0001-2277, N-a-Fmoc-N-?-allyloxycarbonyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionicacid, 7DV, 2-Methyl-p-hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-, 202-443-7, 2041489, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol, 2-Méthyl-1,4-benzènediol, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzoldiol, 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2-Toluhydroquinone, 95-71-6, Toluhydroquinone, MFCD00002345, MX6700000, QR DQ B1, "1,4-BENZENEDIOL, 2-METHYL-", "1,4-BENZENEDIOL, 2-METHYL-"|"2-METHYLBENZENE-1,4-DIOL", "2-METHYLBENZENE-1,4-DIOL", p-toluquinol, 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propanone, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 135648-79-2, 140627-29-8, 2,4-DCT, 2,5-DHTOP, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Toluhydroquinone, 2,5-Toluenediol, 202-443-7MFCD00002345, 202-445-8, 29763-99-3, 2-METHYLHYDROQUI, 2-Toluhydroquinone;2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, 4-05-00-00815, 4-06-00-05866, 437-50-3, 65916-21-4, 78446-96-5, 7DV, 95-73-8, 96937-50-7, EINECS 202-443-7, Gentisin, Hydroquinone, methyl-, Toluhydroquinone, Toluhydroquinone|2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Methyl-p-hydroquinone, PHENOXY, 4-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-, S1, THQ (VAN), WLN: L6V DVJ X1, WLN: L6V DVJ XR X1

Toluhydroquinone typically appears as white to off-white crystals or a powder.
Toluhydroquinone has a melting point ranging around 110-112°C and is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and chloroform.

Toluhydroquinone is a versatile compound.
Toluhydroquinone finds many applications in the field of polymer science due to Ant good binding properties as well as Toluhydroquinone strength.

Toluhydroquinone is an off-white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 124.137 g/mol.
Toluhydroquinone has a characteristic odor and Toluhydroquinone melting point is 262.4°F.

Toluhydroquinone is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can bind to DNA, forming covalent adducts.
Toluhydroquinone has been shown to have an optimum concentration of 10 μM, and the hydroxyl group on Toluhydroquinone phenolic ring enables Toluhydroquinone to form hydrogen bonding interactions with nucleic acids.

Toluhydroquinone has been shown to inhibit angiogenic process in vitro and in vivo, as well as inhibiting the growth of tumor cells by binding to DNA.
Toluhydroquinone also inhibits the transfer of methyl groups from methyl donors such as S-adenosylhomocysteine and methionine to acceptor molecules such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Toluhydroquinone Chemical which is a tan to white crystalline solid.
Toluhydroquinone is a highly active inhibitor in the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyesters.

Toluhydroquinone undergoes chemical reactions similar to those of hydroquinone.
The presence of a methyl group in the ortho position in the toluhydroquinone molecule is the slight structural and behavioral difference between toluhydroquinone and hydroquinone.

Toluhydroquinone or Toluquinol belongs to a class of compounds called Hydroquinones with one of the benzene hydrogens replaced by a methyl group.
Toluhydroquinone is produced by the oxidation of o-cresol by the mutants G103S, G103S/A107G, and G103S/A107T.

Toluhydroquinone is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Toluhydroquinone is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.

Toluhydroquinone is used as a stabilizer in acrylics and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil and other inedible fats and oils.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.

Toluhydroquinone, also known as 2-Methylhydroquinone or Toluene-2,5-diol, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C7H8O2.
Toluhydroquinone is a derivative of hydroquinone, featuring a methyl group attached to the benzene ring at the 2-position.
This structural modification alters Toluhydroquinone's properties compared to hydroquinone.

Toluhydroquinone typically appears as white to off-white crystals or powder.
Toluhydroquinone has a melting point ranging around 110-112°C.
While sparingly soluble in water, Toluhydroquinone is more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.

Toluhydroquinone finds application in various industries:

Photography:
Toluhydroquinone serves as a developing agent in black-and-white photographic developers, facilitating the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver for image formation.

Polymerization Inhibition:
Toluhydroquinone acts as an inhibitor in the polymerization of monomers like acrylic acid and styrene, preventing unwanted polymerization during storage and transportation.

Chemical Synthesis:
Toluhydroquinone is used as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other organic compounds.

Antioxidant:
Toluhydroquinone exhibits antioxidant properties due to its phenolic structure, aiding in stabilizing materials against oxidative degradation.
While considered to have low acute toxicity, toluhydroquinone may pose health risks upon prolonged or repeated exposure and can cause skin sensitization in sensitive individuals.
Toluhydroquinone should be handled with appropriate precautions and stored away from incompatible materials and ignition sources.

In the environment, toluhydroquinone is expected to biodegrade, although the rate of degradation may vary depending on environmental conditions.
Limited data are available on Toluhydroquinone's ecotoxicity, emphasizing the importance of proper handling and disposal to minimize environmental impact.

Toluhydroquinone's versatility and utility in various industrial processes make it a valuable compound, but careful management is essential to ensure both safety and environmental responsibility.

Applications of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone is used as a stabilizer for unsaturated polyesters and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil, and other nonfood fats and oils.
Toluhydroquinone is used as a stabilizer to inhibit peroxide formation in ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons and ethyl cellulose.
Toluhydroquinone is also used as an intermediate to manufacture other stabilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers.

Toluhydroquinone is a marine fungus metabolite, showing activity as an angiosupressor that interferes with the Akt pathway.
Allows for screening of novel inhibitors of angiogenesis.

Toluhydroquinone is used as a general adhesive and binding agent in various preparations.
In the automotive industry, Toluhydroquinone is widely used for repair as well as maintenance and also caring for automobiles viz, auto shampoo, wax, polish, brake grease.

Toluhydroquinone is the main ingredient of any paint.
Toluhydroquinone is polymers that form a continuous film on a solid surface.
Toluhydroquinone ensure that the coating is evenly spread and well adsorbed on to the surface.

Toluhydroquinone also have the major role of holing the pigment molecules responsible for color evenly across the coating.
Toluhydroquinone is one of the most widely used a binder for paints.

The technology of thermal insulation of buildings is one of the many steps that men have taken for a sustainable future.
Thermal insulation of buildings reduces energy consumption and prevent heat loss or gain by buildings.
Toluhydroquinone is used for thermal insulation as well as soundproofing.

In the construction of buildings and ships, Toluhydroquinone is used for plumbing, electrical work, and also bricklaying.
Toluhydroquinone is also used to repair sporting boats.

Toluhydroquinone can be used as a reactant to prepare:
A semiflexible thermotropic polyester via polycondensation reaction with 4,4′-sebacoyldioxydibenzoyl chloride.
A sesquiterpene (±)-helibisabonol A.
-poly{hexakis[(methyl)(4-hydroxyphenoxy)]cyclotriphosphazene} by reacting with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.
-6-Hydroxy-4,7-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one by treating with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of H2SO4 as a catalyst.

Uses of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone finds application in various industries due to its properties.

Some of Toluhydroquinone's common uses include:

1. Photography:
Toluhydroquinone serves as a developing agent in black-and-white photographic developers.
Toluhydroquinone facilitates the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver, aiding in the formation of photographic images.

2. Polymerization Inhibition:
Toluhydroquinone acts as an inhibitor in the polymerization of monomers such as acrylic acid and styrene.
By preventing unwanted polymerization during storage and transportation, Toluhydroquinone helps maintain the stability of monomeric solutions.

3. Chemical Synthesis:
Toluhydroquinone is utilized as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Toluhydroquinone is employed in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other specialty chemicals.

4. Antioxidant:
Due to its phenolic structure, toluhydroquinone exhibits antioxidant properties.
Toluhydroquinone is used to stabilize materials against oxidative degradation in industries such as plastics, rubber, and personal care products.

5. Chemical Analysis:
In analytical chemistry, toluhydroquinone is employed as a reagent for the determination of certain metals, such as iron and copper.

6. Research and Development:
Toluhydroquinone is used in laboratory research and development for its reactivity and ability to modify organic compounds.

These applications highlight the versatility and utility of toluhydroquinone in various industrial processes, ranging from photography and polymerization inhibition to chemical synthesis and antioxidant protection.

Toluhydroquinone is antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor.
Toluhydroquinone is used as stabilizer and antioxidant in aerylic monomers to prevent polymerization.

Toluhydroquinone is a marine fungus metabolite, showing activity as an angiosupressor that interferes with the Akt pathway.
Allows for screening of novel inhibitors of angiogenesis.

Consumer Uses:
Toluhydroquinone is used in the following products: coating products.
Other release to the environment of Toluhydroquinone is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Uses at industrial sites:
Toluhydroquinone is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, polymers, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and adhesives and sealants.
Toluhydroquinone is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Toluhydroquinone can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as processing aid, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Toluhydroquinone is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.
Toluhydroquinone is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Toluhydroquinone is used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Toluhydroquinone is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Synthesis of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone can be synthesized through various methods, including the alkylating hydroquinone with methyl iodide in the presence of a base, or the oxidation of 2-methylphenol (o-cresol) using oxidizing agents such as nitric acid or potassium permanganate.

Manufacturing of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone or methyl ether derivative thereof is prepared by contacting paramethoxyphenol or para-dimethoxybenzene with an acid catalyst, preferably a solid acid catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 100° to 300° C.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone inhibits the growth of endothelial and tumor cells in culture in the micromolar range and is a promising drug candidate in the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-related pathologies.

Identifiers of Toluhydroquinone:
CAS: 95-71-6
Molecular Formula: C7H8O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 124.14
MDL Number: MFCD00002345
InChI Key: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 7253
IUPAC Name: 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
SMILES: CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O

IUPAC Name: 1-Methyl-4-(2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol)
Common Names: Toluhydroquinone, 2-Methylhydroquinone, Toluene-2,5-diol
CAS Number: 2468-81-9
Molecular Formula: C7H8O2
SMILES: CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C(O)=C
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8O2/c1-5-2-4-7(9)6(8)3-5/h2-4,9H,1H3
InChI Key: CHUINQENSVKLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Properties of Toluhydroquinone:
Molecular Weight: 124.14
XLogP3: 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 124.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 124.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 92.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Quality Level: 100
Assay: 99%
Form: solid
Autoignition temp.: 851 °F
mp: 128-130 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: Cc1cc(O)ccc1O
InChI: 1S/C7H8O2/c1-5-4-6(8)2-3-7(5)9/h2-4,8-9H,1H3
InChI key: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Number: M0342
Purity / Analysis Method: >98.0%(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C7H8O2 = 124.14
Physical State (20 deg.C). Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Light Sensitive,Air Sensitive
CAS RN: 95-71-6
Reaxys Registry Number: 2041489
PubChem Substance ID: 87572412
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 3439
MDL Number: MFCD00002345

Melting point: 128-130 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 285°C
Density: 1.1006 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.4922 (estimate)
Flash point: 172 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 77g/l
form: Crystalline Powder
pka: pK1:10.03;pK2:11.62 (25°C)
color: Grayish-white to light beige
Water Solubility: 77 g/L (25 ºC)
BRN: 2041489
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong bases.
InChIKey: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 95-71-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 332W51E0OC
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-(95-71-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Toluhydroquinone (95-71-6)

Physicochemical Information of Toluhydroquinone:
Flash point: 172 °C
Ignition temperature: 468 °C
Melting Point: 128 - 130 °C
Solubility: 77 g/l

Specifications of Toluhydroquinone:
Assay (HPLC, area%): ≥ 97.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 125 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 128 °C
Identity (IR): passes test
Purity: >98.0%(T)

Names of Toluhydroquinone:

Regulatory process names:
2-Toluhydroquinone
2-Toluhydroquinone

CAS names:
1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-

IUPAC names:
2-METHYL HYDROQUINONE
2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol
2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
2-Toluhydroquinone
2-Toluhydroquinone
Toluhydroquinone
Toluhydroquinone

Other identifiers:
135648-79-2
140627-29-8
29763-99-3
65916-21-4
78446-96-5
95-71-6
96937-50-7

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is light yellow liquid, it can be used for antirust and corrosion inhibitor, anti-fading for metal product, antiseptic and anticoagulant agent, anti-fogging for photograph, ultraviolet absorbent, anti-freezing agent, cycling cooling water treatment.


CAS Number: 64665-57-2
EC Number: 265-004-9
MDL Number:MFCD01941195
Molecular Formula: C7H6N3Na



Tolyltriazole (TTA) synonyms 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole,1-methyl-, 1H-Benzotriazole,1-methyl, 1-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole, 1-methylbenzotriazole, Tolutriazole, Stabinol MBTZ, cobratectt100, tolytriazole, 1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-, Tolyltriazole, Tolutriazole,TOLYLTRIAZOLES,Tolyltriazol,1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 7-methyl-,tdlyltriazole, MFCD00167158, Seetec T, EINECS 249-596-6, 4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole, 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-,Methyl-1H-Benzotriazole, Tolyltriazole(TTA) TTAS, TTA-S SODIUM TOLYLTRIAZOLE, Tolyltriazole,sodiumsalt, Tolytriazole Sodium Salt, Tolyltriazole sodium salt, Sodium Tolyltriazole(TTA-S), Sodium Tolyltriazole (TTAS), sodium 4-methylbenzotriazol-1-ide,
4(or5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolsodiumsalt, sodium 4(or 5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolide, 1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-,sodiumsalt, TTA50,SODIUM TOLYLTRIAZOLE, COBRATEC(R) TT-85, PMC Cobratec TT-85, COBRATEC(R) TT-50 S, Tolytriazole sodium, Tolyltriazole (sodium), Tolytriazole Sodium Sal, TOLYTRIAZOLE SODIUM SALT, Tolyltriazole,sodiumsalt, Sodium of 5-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole, Sodium of Methybenzotriazole, Tolytriazole Sodium Salt, Sodium 4-tolyltriazole, 64665-57-2, 1-H-METHYLBENZOTRIAZOLE,SODIUMSALT, Tolytriazole sodiumsalt, sodium,4-methylbenzotriazol-1-ide, 63394-06-9, 1H-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-, sodium salt,
4-Methyl-1-sodio-1h-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1H-Benzotriazole, 7-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1), 27034S05ER, sodium 4-methylbenzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-ide,
1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-, sodium salt, UNII-27034S05ER, AKOS006279362, F20812, SODIUM 4-(P-TOLYL)-1,2,3-TRIAZOL-1-IDE, Q27254142, Sodium 4-methylbenzotriazol-1-ide [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 4-methyl-, sodium salt 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1), [ACD/Index Name] 1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-, sodium salt 265-004-9 [EINECS], Tolytriazole Sodium Salt 63394-06-9, SODIUM 4-METHYL-2H-1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOL-2-IDE SODIUM 4-TOLYLTRIAZOLE, Sodium Tolyltriazole 50% UNII :27034S05ER,



Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is an organic compound used as a corrosion inhibitor and water treatment agent.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on the metal surface to form a thin membrane.
This membrane can protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.


The membrane is more uniform.
The effect is better when used together with MBT.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is one of the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloy used in various industries.


First, Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is dissolved with alcohol or alkali.
Then Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is added into the circulating water system; 2~10mg/L is preferred.
If the metal is badly rusted, 5-10 times of normal dosage should be expected.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) should be stored in a cool, dry place and away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) should be sealed tightly when not in use and handled with proper care by safety standards.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is the sodium salt of Tolyltriazole (TTA).


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a white, crystalline solid that is insoluble in water.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) and its related Na salts do belong to the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloys.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) does further show positive effects in protection of steel, gray iron, cadmium and nickel.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is light yellow liquid, it can be used for antirust and corrosion inhibitor, anti-fading for metal product, antiseptic and anticoagulant agent, anti-fogging for photograph, ultraviolet absorbent, anti-freezing agent, cycling cooling water treatment.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a colorless crystalline powder with little toxicity.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) appears as colorless crystals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is white granule or powder, TTA is a mixture of 4-methyl-benzotriazole and 5-methyl-benzotriazole, the melting point is from 80℃ to 86℃, soluble in alcohol, benzene、toluene、chloroform and watery lye, and hardly soluble in water.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a colourless solid and a non-volatile, versatile and powerful reagent for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a member of the class of ureas that is urea substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc), for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on the metal surface to form a thin membrane.


This membrane can protect copper and other metals from air corrosion and other harmful subjects.
In addition, the membrane is more uniform.
Therefore, the effect is better when used together with MBT.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used as a corrosion inhibitor in various industries, including the oil and gas industry.
Corrosion inhibitor of copper Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be absorbed on the surface of metal , to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.


The dosage of Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is 2-4mg/L in recirculated water.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used as anti-blushing agent of copper and silver , protection of stainless steel ,cadmium and nickel alloy, cooling liquid of cars , additive of lubricating oil.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) applied in copper and copper alloy antirust corrosion inhibitor, can be used for stainless steel, cast iron, cadmium and nickel alloy's protection.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as the antirusting agent and corrosion inhibitor of metal (silver, copper, lead, nickel and zinc etc.),


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is widely used in antirust oil (grease) products, as air phase corrosion inhibitor in copper and copper alloy, lubricating oil additives, circulating water finishing agent, motor vehicle antifreeze fluid, it can be also used with various antisludging agent and germicidal agent.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used with many kinds of scale inhibitor, bactericide and algicide in recirculated cooling water system and the effect is better .


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is light yellow liquid, it can be used for antirust and corrosion inhibitor, anti-fading for metal product, antiseptic and anticoagulant agent, anti-fogging for photograph, ultraviolet absorbent, anti-freezing agent, cycling cooling water treatment.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper,zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, TTA•Na also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on metal surface to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.
The membrane is more uniform.


When Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) used together with MBT, the effect is better.
Corrosion inhibitor of copper Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be absorbed on the surface of metal , to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used with many kinds of scale inhibitor ,bactericide and algicide in recirculated cooling water system and the effect is better .
The dosage is 2-4mg/L in recirculated water.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used in method for preparing Me benzotriazole chloride.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used as anti-blushing agent of copper and silver , protection of stainless steel ,cadmium and nickel alloy, cooling liquid of cars , additive of lubricating oil.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on metal surface to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.


The membrane is more uniform.
When Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used together with MBT•Na, the effect is better.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is an organic compound used as a corrosion inhibitor and water treatment agent.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used in various industrial applications, including metalworking, textile processing, and papermaking.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is also effective at preventing the growth of algae and bacteria in water systems.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be dissolved in either alcohol or alkaline solutions for use in circulating water systems.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is recommended to use a dosage of 2-10mg/L; however, if the metal has severe corrosion damage, 5-10 times this amount may be necessary.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust agent and corrosion inhibitor for metals.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is widely used in the antirust oil products such as gas phase corrosion inhibitor, in treating agent for recycling water, in antifreeze for cars antifogging for photograph, also used as stabilizer for macromolecular compound growth regulator for plant, lubricant additive, ultraviolet absorbent etc.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used together with many kind of scale inhibitors and bactericide and algaecide, show excellent anticorrosion effect in close recycling cooling water system.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used in different applications in major industries.


For example, Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used in cooling water or boiler systems by the industrial water treatment industry.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be also used in coolants or antifreeze products.
Another application of Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is the use as an additive in industrial lubricants, like e.g. drilling and cutting fluids.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) does also work to protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets and can be further used in metal detergents.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as copper and copper alloy rust inhibitor, can also be used in stainless steel, cast iron, cadmium and nickel alloy protection.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is widely used in anti-rust oil (grease) products, and more used as copper and copper alloy vapor corrosion inhibitor, recycled water treatment agent, car antifreeze, UV absorbers.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can also be used with a variety of scale inhibitors, disinfection and algaecides used in conjunction, especially closed loop cooling water system corrosion inhibitor effect is very good.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used in the chemical industry to protect copper from being contaminated in order to save the purity.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na)also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys, and is commonly used in water cooling systems.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a urea derivative and used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used for synthesis of caffeine, theophylline, pharmachemicals, textile aids, herbicides and others.
In the textile processing industry Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used as intermediate for the production of formaldehyde-free easy-care finishing agents for textiles.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used agriculture Intermediates, Organic Intermediates, Pharmaceutical & Fine Chemicals, Pharmaceutical Intermediates, Textile Auxiliaries.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used for the synthesis of caffeine, theophylline, pharmaceuticals, textile aids, herbicides, etc.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also finds application in metal-ion complexation, material science, etc.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used Antifreeze & Coolant, Corrosion Inhibitors, Swimming Pool Chemicals, Water Treatment & Pool Chemicals
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) has been identified as an effective copper corrosion inhibitor in cooling systems using treated municipal effluent as makeup water.


Chemical structure of the coordination polymer from benzotriazolate and copper(I), the active ingredient in the BT-derived corrosion inhibition.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used as a corrosion inhibitor for metals such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, and nickel.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is also used in anti-rust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, a lubricant additive, cooling tower systems, and auto antifreeze.


One reason for the use of TT-50 over pure TTA is the solubility of TT-50 is greater and therefore easier to formulate.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is an efficient, reliable, and high-performance solution designed to cater to a wide range of sectors spanning from material sciences to pharmaceuticals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is appreciated for its excellent quality and versatile applications, including c-h activation.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a urea derivative and used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a colorless crystalline powder with little toxicity.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used for synthesis of caffeine, theophylline, pharmachemicals, textile aids, herbicides and others.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used in the textile processing industry.


-Antirust and corrosion inhibator for metals uses of Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na):
This invention relates to an improved process for the production of tolyltriazole in which the tolyltriazole is a lighter colored product.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy; it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals and for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and alloy, lubricant additive, water circulation treatment, grease’s adding and auto antifreeze.


-Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used for protection:
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) acts as a corrosive inhibitor and is used as corrosion protection on top of metals such as copper.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) has been widely used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloy heat exchanger components in power plant cooling water systems.

When Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is the free tolyltriazole, rather than the water soluble salt, the free triazole can be readily generated by the addition of a sufficient amount of acid to neutralize the basic salt.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
This invention relates to an improved process for the production of Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) in which the tolyltriazole produced is a lighter color than tolyltriazole produced by conventional processes.



USAGE OF TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
First, dissolve with alcohol or alkali.
Then added into a circulating water system.
A dosage of 2~10 mg/L is preferred.
If the metal is badly corroded, 5~10 times of normal dosage should be expected.



PROPERTIES OF TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys, providing anti-corrosive protection against air and other harmful agents.
In addition, when used in combination with MBT, the efficacy of the membrane formed on the metal surface is more consistent and reliable.
This membrane serves to protect copper and other metals from corrosion and offers superior protection compared to alternative solutions.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a clear yellow liquid that is miscible with water in any proportion.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is soluble in methanol, benzene, toluene and other organic solvents.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as metal (such as silver, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, etc.) rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor, widely used in anti-rust oil (Grease) products, mostly used for copper and copper alloy gas phase corrosion inhibitor, lubricating Oil additives, circulating water treatment agent, automotive antifreeze.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na)can also be used in combination with a variety of scale inhibitors and biocide, especially for closed circulating cooling water system.



HOW DOES TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na) WORK?
As a corrosion inhibitor, Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) decreases the corrosion rate of metals and alloys.
This works by forming a coating, a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal or alloy underneath.

This is of particular importance in industries where fluids routinely need to be in continuous contact with metals that require protection.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) does show outstanding thermic and oxidative stability and is also resistant to UV light.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) does not negatively affect the appearance of the metal it's applied to.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is very bright in color so that solutions – either aqueous or in different solvents – are clear and almost colorless.
A table of solubility properties and max concentrations is available on request.



PROPERTIES OF TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on metal surface to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used with a variety of scale inhibitors, sterilization algae in the circulating cooling water system. The membrane is more uniform.
The effect is better when used together with MBT.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as a copper and copper alloy corrosion inhibitor.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on the metal surface to form a thin membrane.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can prevent copper and other metals from air corrosion and other harmful subjects.
In addition, the membrane is more uniform.
When used together with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, the effect is better.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na)?
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) provides excellent metal corrosion protection, particularly in high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is also effective at preventing the formation of scale on metal surfaces.



HOW DO I USE TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na)?
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be added to water or other liquids at a concentration of 0.1-0.5%.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can also be used as a coating for metal surfaces.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Appearance: Amber transparent liquid
Active content (wt), %: 50.0 Min.
Density (20°C), g/cm3: 1.2 Min.
Melting Point: 76-87°C
Boiling Point: 360.6±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 181.5±12.2 °C
Molecular Formula: C14H14N6
Molecular Weight: 133.151
Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Appearance: Amber transparent liquid
Solid content % 50.0 min
Density (20℃) g/cm3: 1.18 min
PH(1% water solution): 11.0-12.0
CAS: 64665-57-2
EINECS: 265-004-9
InChI: InChI=1/C7H6N3.Na/c1-5-3-2-4-6-7(5)9-10-8-6;/h2-4H,1H3;/q-1;+1

Molecular Formula: C7H6N3Na
Molar Mass: 155.13
Density: 1.323[at 20℃]
Water Solubility: 664g/L at 20℃
Vapor Presure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
pKa: 8.85[at 20 ℃]
CBNumber:CB6680196
Molecular Formula:C7H6N3Na
Molecular Weight:155.13
MDL Number:MFCD01941195
MOL File:64665-57-2.mol

Density: 1.323[at 20℃]
vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
pka: 8.85[at 20 ℃]
Water Solubility: 664g/L at 20℃
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H6N3.Na/c1-5-3-2-4-6-7(5)9-10-8-6;/h2-4H,1H3;/q-1;+1
InChIKey: REERYFLJRPUSHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C12N=NN([Na])C=1C=CC=C2C
LogP: 1.087 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 64665-57-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: YY3120P3TN
EPA Substance Registry System: Tolyl triazole sodium salt (64665-57-2)

Molecular Weight: 155.13 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 155.04594149 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 155.04594149 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 131
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula:C7N3H6Na
Appearance:Yellow and red brown clear liquid
Appearance: Transparent Liquid
Odor: Characteristic
Odor threshold: Not available
Color: Pale Yellow to Amber Liquid
pH (10% Soln.): 10.5 - 12.0
Melting Point: Not available
Freezing Point: < -5 to - 10ᵒC
Boiling Point: ~106 ᵒC @ 1013 hPa
Flash Point: 170◦C (closed up)

Viscosity (cPs) @ 25 ᵒC : Not available
Decomposition Temp. : Not available
Evaporation Rate : Not available
Lower Explosive Limit : Not available
Upper Explosive Limit: Not available
Vapor Pressure: 0.00533 kPa @ 20 ᵒC (Water)
Vapor Density: Not available
Specific Gravity: 1.180 - 1.250
Solubility : 55 Vol % @ 20°C
Partition Coefficient : Not available
Auto Ignition Temp. : 500°C
VOC Content : 50% Calculated value



FIRST AID MEASURES of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Face shield and safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Sensitive to carbon dioxide Handle and store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Tolutriazole; Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Metil-1H-benzotriazol; 5-Methylbenzotriazole; 5-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole; Méthyl-1H-benzotriazole; Tolyltriazole; Methylbenzotriazole; 4(or 5)-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Stabinol MBTZ; CAS NO:29385-43-1

Tolytriazole is a specific corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys.
Tolytriazole can be compounded with other organic corrosion inhibitors or added separately.
Tolytriazole is a white to off-white granules or powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and other organic solvents, soluble in dilute lye.


CAS Number: 136-85-6 / 29385-43-1
EC Number: 205-265-8
MDL number: MFCD00005702
Name: 5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
Molecular Formula: C7H7N3


Tolytriazole has a corrosion inhibition effect on copper and copper alloy.
Tolytriazole can be compounded with other organic corrosion inhibitors or added separately.
Tolytriazole is used at a concentration of 2 to 10 mg/L.



Tolytriazole is used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloy, similar to benzotriazole (BTA), and the actual commodity also includes 4-methylbenzotriazole ([29878-31-7]) or a mixture of the two, referred to as TTA.
Benzotriazole corrosion inhibitors can form insoluble stable complexes with cuprous ions, adsorbed on the metal surface, forming a stable and inert protective film with a thickness of only 5 × 10-7cm, but It is very stable in various media, so that the copper alloy is protected.


The corrosion inhibition effect of BTA in the pH range of 5.5-10 is limited, but the corrosion inhibition effect of Tolytriazole is stronger than that of BTA in low pH medium.
Other triazole compounds, such as triazole and naphthalene triazole, also have corrosion inhibition effects on copper and copper alloys, but they are not as good as BTA and Tolytriazole.


Tolytriazole is a white to off-white granules or powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and other organic solvents, soluble in dilute lye.
Tolytriazole is cream to beige crystalline powder.


Tolytriazole is a member of the class of benzotriazoles that is 1H-benzotriazole substituted by a methyl group at position 5.
Tolytriazole is an active component of aircraft deicing and anti-icing fluid.
Tolytriazole prevents the corrosion of copper and brass in a variety of corrosive environments.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
Tolytriazole is mainly used as an antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals.
Such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc.
Tolytriazole is also for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compounds, and auto antifreeze.


Tolytriazole also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide.
Tolytriazole has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close-cycle cooling water systems.
Compared with benzotriazole, Tolytriazole has better corrosion inhibition, thermal stability, and chlorine resistance.


Tolytriazole can replace benzotriazole in the automotive industry and water treatment industries.
Tolytriazole is a very effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys.
Tolyltriazole is especially useful in systems where fluids are in continuous contact with metals that require protection.


In addition to copper, and Tolytriazole's alloys, other metals that can be protected include zinc, cobalt and silver.
Tolyltriazole has one more methyl group than benzotriazole in the molecular structure, which improves the complex film’s hydrophobicity.
And the presence of methyl group does not interfere with the binding between molecule and copper.


Tolytriazole is mainly used as metal (silver, lead, nickel, zinc, copper and copper metal) rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor
Tolytriazole is also used in organic synthesis.
Tolytriazole is used as a rust inhibitor for copper


Tolytriazole is mainly used as a rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor for metals (silver, lead, nickel, zinc, copper and copper metals)
Tolytriazole is mainly used for metal (such as silver, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor.
Tolytriazole is widely used in anti rust oil (grease) products, used for copper and copper alloy gas phase corrosion inhibitor in circulating water treatment agent, antifreeze, polymer stabilizers, plant growth regulator.


Tolytriazole is used as lubricating oil additives, UV absorbent.
Tolytriazole can also be used in conjunction with a variety of scale inhibitor, biocide.
Tolytriazole acts as a pre-vulcanization retarder.


These white to off-white granules are used for chlorinated rubber and halobutyl rubbers.
Tolytriazole is used a potential nitrification inhibitor of urea fertilizer in agricultural soils.
Tolytriazole was used in determination of benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles in waste water samples by GC-MS.


Tolytriazole is also used as a potential nitrification inhibitor of urea fertilizer in agricultural soils.
Tolytriazole is a low potency inhibitor of glycol ethers.
Tolytriazole has been shown to be effective in wastewater treatment and can be used as an additive to inhibit the corrosion of zirconium oxide.


Tolytriazole has been shown to significantly reduce the amount of air entrained in water droplets and the corrosion of copper pipes in laboratory studies.
Tolyltriazole is a versatile intermediates involved in the production of: Corrosion Inhibitors, Anti-fading agent for metals, Antiseptic and Anticoagulant agent, Anti-fog for photograph, UV-absorbers, Anti-freeze Agent, Photoconductor, Copying systems, , pesticide products and other specialty chemicals.


Tolytriazole is mainly used as antitrust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antitrust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.
Tolytriazole also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.


Tolytriazole is mainly used as rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, etc.)
Tolyltriazole is a very effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys.
Tolytriazole is especially useful in systems where fluids are in continuous contact with metals that require protection.


In addition to copper, and its alloys, other metals that can be protected include zinc, cobalt and silver.
When Tolytriazole is used in multi-metal systems with other corrosion inhibitors, it will also protect aluminum and steel.
Tolyltriazole is used circulating water treatment agent, automobile antifreeze, polymer stabilizer, plant growth regulator, lubricating oil additive, ultraviolet absorber, etc.


Tolytriazole can also be used in conjunction with a variety of scale inhibitors, bactericidal and algicides.
Tolytriazole can also be used in conjunction with a variety of scale inhibitors, bactericidal and algicides, especially for the corrosion inhibition effect of circulating cooling water systems.


Tolytriazole is used Lubricating oil additive; metal deactivator; extreme pressure agent, bacterial and oxidation inhibitor, Tolytriazole is used as an antioxidant in internal combustion engine oils.


-Uses of Tolytriazole:
*Fertilizer
*Anticorrosive Agent
*Automotive Coolants
*Brake Fluids
*Circulating Water Cooling Systems
*Water Treatment Industry
*Dishwashing Detergents
*Antimicrobial Agent



PRODUCTION METHOD OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
Similar to the preparation method of benzotriazole, Tolytriazolecan be obtained by diazotization and cyclization of toluenediamine.
An older method is obtained by the reaction of m-toluidine diazonium salt and p-toluenesulfonamide.



NATURE OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
Tolytriazole is a light brown powder, easily soluble in methanol, acetone, cyclohexane, ether, etc., difficult to dissolve in water and petroleum solvents.
The aqueous solution of Tolytriazole is weakly acidic, and the pH value is 5.5~6.5.
Tolytriazole is stable to acid and alkali, and can form stable metal salts with alkali metal ions.



PREPARATION METHOD OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
The crude methyl benzotriazole was obtained by diazotization of Toluene diamine, cyclization in acetic acid, and then distillation under reduced pressure.
After recrystallization, purification and drying, a relatively pure methyl benzotriazole was obtained.
There is also a method for obtaining a relatively pure methyl benzotriazole by using methyl O-Phenylenediamine and ethylhexyl nitrite as raw materials and ethylhexanol as a solvent without rectification.



PRODUCTION OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
1. Feeding: Put o-phenylenediamine, sodium nitrite, and water into the stainless steel reaction kettle in the ratio of 1:1.1~1.2:10~15.
2. Raise temperature and pressure: turn on the stirring, raise the temperature to 240~260℃, control the pressure between 3.0~4.0MPa, and keep the reaction warm for 3~3.5 hours.
3. Transfer to acidification kettle: lower the temperature to 120~130℃, and transfer the reaction product to the kettle.
4. Adjust pH and stratification: Adjust pH from 11.7 to 5.0 with concentrated sulfuric acid and stratify.
5. Purification and collection: The stratified oil layer goes into the distillation kettle for purification under reduced pressure, and the 202~204℃/15mmHg fraction products are collected.



SYNTHESIS OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
1. An older method is obtained by reacting m-toluidine diazonium salt with p-toluene sulfonamide.
2. Toluidine is diazotized, cyclized in acetic acid, and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain crude tolytriazole.
After recrystallization, refinement, and drying, a purer Tolytriazole can be produced.
3. There is another method to produce purer Tolytriazole without distillation: methyl o-phenylenediamine and Ethylhexyl nitrite as raw materials and ethyl hexanol as solvent.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
Appearance: White granular
Purity, %: 99.0 Min.
Moisture, %: 0.2 Max.
Melting point, ℃: 80~86
Ash content, %: 0.05 Max.
pH value: 5.5~6.5
Molecular Formula: C7H7N3
Molar Mass: 133.15
Density: 1.1873 (rough estimate)
Melting Point: 80-82°C(lit.)
Boling Point: 210-212°C12mm Hg(lit.)
Flash Point: 210-212°C/12mm
Water Solubility: 6.0 g/L (25 ºC)
Vapor Presure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
Appearance: White solid
Color: Cream to beige
Maximum wavelength(λmax): ['276nm(H2O)(lit.)']
BRN: 116658
pKa: 8.74±0.40(Predicted)

Storage Condition: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Refractive Index: 1.5341 (estimate)
MDL: MFCD00167158
Melting Point: 80-84°C
Boiling Point: 210-212°C
Melting point: 80-82 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 210-212 °C12 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.1873 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5341 (estimate)
Flash point: 210-212°C/12mm
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 8.74±0.40(Predicted)
form: Crystalline Powder
color: Cream to beige
Water Solubility: 6.0 g/L (25 ºC)
λmax: 276nm(H2O)(lit.)
BRN: 116658

InChIKey: LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C7H7N3
Molecular Weight: 133.15
Exact Mass: 266.12800
Boiling Point: 289.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 76-87ºC
Flash Point: 137.4ºC
Density: 1.273 g/cm³
Appearance: White to off-white granules or powder
Physical state: powder
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 80 - 82 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 210 - 212 °C at 16 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight: 133.15 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 1.4

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 133.063997236 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 133.063997236 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 41.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 126
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
TTA
5M-BTA
Retrocure G
TOLYTRIAZOLE
Vulkalent TM
Tolyltriazole
m-Tolylazoimide
m-Aziminotoluene
COBRATEC(R) TT 100
Methybenzotriazole
Tolyltriazole (TTA)
Methyl Benzotriazole
5-Methylbenzotriazole
1-H-Methylbenzotriazole
Methyl-1H-Benzotriazole
5-methyl-1h-benzotriazol
5-Methyl-3H-benzotriazole
5-Methyl-2H-benzotriazole
5-methyl-2H-benzotriazole
6-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole,5-methyl-
1H-Benzotriazole,4(5)-methyl-
5-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-
4,5,6,7-TetrahydroTolyltriazole
5-Methyl-1H-benzo-1,2,3-triazole
Stabinol MBTZ
cobratectt100
tolytriazole
1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-
Tolyltriazole
Tolutriazole
TOLYLTRIAZOLES
Tolyltriazol
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 7-methyl-
tdlyltriazole
MFCD00167158
Seetec T
EINECS 249-596-6
4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-
Methyl-1H-Benzotriazole
Tolyltriazole(TTA)
1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-,sodiumsalt
4(or5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolsodiumsalt
Tolyltriazole,sodiumsalt
Tolytriazole50%SodiumSalt
1-H-METHYLBENZOTRIAZOLE
Tolytriazole 50% SodiuM Salt(TTAS)
SODIUM TOLYLTRIAZOLE
sodium 4(or 5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolide
29878-31-7
4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole
4-Methyl-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
4-Tolyltriazole
4-METHYLBENZOTRIAZOLE
Tolytriazole
4-methyl-2H-benzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-
7-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
Methylbenzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole,7-methyl-
4-methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole
7-methyl-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
QKK8999IZA
DTXSID50274037
DSSTox_CID_6171
DSSTox_RID_78044
DSSTox_GSID_26171
1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-
CAS-29385-43-1
4-METHYL-1H-BENZO(D)(1,2,3)TRIAZOLE
UNII-QKK8999IZA
Teltolytriazole
Tolyl triazole
EINECS 249-921-1
4MeBT
4-methyl-benzotriazole
4-MeBT
4Me-BT
Tolyltriazole (Granular)
4-Me-BTR
4-Me-BT
Tolyltriazole 99.0% min
SCHEMBL107037
SCHEMBL446696
CHEMBL3184205
BENZOTRIAZOLE, 4-METHYL-
ALBB-005409
Tox21_201321
Tox21_303186
1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE, 7-METHYL-
MFCD00035800
STK503394
AKOS023092909
AKOS037652935
7-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole #
FS-5046
NCGC00249024-01
NCGC00249024-02
NCGC00256993-01
NCGC00258873-01
BB 0254273
FT-0638850
FT-0671521
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 4-(methyl-d3)-
4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole, analytical standard
C80091
AB01319782-02
EN300-6996464
A876362
Q27287307
Z1198147968
1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-,sodiumsalt
4(or5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolsodiumsalt
Tolyltriazole,sodiumsalt
Tolytriazole50%SodiumSalt
SODIUM TOLYLTRIAZOLE
sodium 4(or 5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolide
TOLYTRIAZOLE SODIUM SALT
COBRATEC(R) TT-50 S
TOLYTRIAZOLE
5-Methyl-2H-benzotriazole
5-Methyl-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
5MBT
5-methyl-1h-benzotriazol
6-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
Retrocure G
Vulkalent TM
Azimidotoluene
m-Tolylazoimide
5-Methylbenzotriazole
TOLYTRIAZOLE
1H-Benzotriazole,5-methyl-
5-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole
5-Methyl-1H-benzo-1,2,3-triazole
5-methyl-1h-benzotriazol
m-Tolylazoimide
Retrocure G
Vulkalent TM
COBRATEC(R) TT 100
Methyl-1H-Benzotriazole
Methyl Benzotriazole
1-H-Methylbenzotriazole
Tolyltriazole
1H-Benzotriazole,4(5)-methyl-
1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-
Methybenzotriazole
5-methyl-2H-benzotriazole
TTA
4,5,6,7-TetrahydroTolyltriazole
5M-BTA
Tolyltriazole (TTA)