CAS Number: 1569-01-3
EC no:250-069-8
Molecular Weight: 118.17
Substance name:Propylene glycol N-propyl ether
Trade name:Propylene glycol N-propyl ether


DESCRIPTION:
Propylene Glycol N-Propyl Ether is a clear, colorless having a mild characteristic odor.
The principal end uses of Propylene Glycol N-Propyl Ether are industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, printing inks, paints and coatings.

Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether (PnP) is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.
Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether evaporates quickly and is completely soluble (mixes easily) in water.
Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether is a propylene oxide-based, or Pseries, glycol ether.
Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether is commercially available as a mix of two isomers.
1-Propoxy-2-propanol is the major isomer comprising at least 95% of the mixture, while 2-n-propoxy-1-propanol makes up the remaining 5%.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER:
Assay: ≥98.5%
refractive index: n20/D 1.411 (lit.)
bp: 140-160 °C (lit.)
density: 0.885 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2
Appearance: Colorless
Freezing Point: -70°C (-94°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup: 46°C (115°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mmHg: 149°C (300°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 252°C (486°F)
Density @ 20°C:
0.885 kg/l
7.38 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 25°C: 2.9 mmHg
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1): 0.22
Solubility @ 20°C (in Water): Complete
Refractive Index @ 25°C: 1.410
Viscosity @ 25°C :2.7 cP
Surface Tension @ 25°C :27 mN/m
Lower Flammability in Air: 1.3% v/v
Upper Flammability in Air: 10.6% v/v
Specific Heat @ 25°C: 1.98 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point: 369 J/g
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C :30 kJ/g
Molecular weight: 118.17
EINECS : 216-372-4
Henry's Law Constant: 3.46E-08 atm-m3/mole
Melting Point: -8.00E+01 ° C
log P (octanol-water): 0.490
Boiling Point: 150 ° C
Vapor Pressure: 1.7 mm Hg
Water solubility : 1.00E+06 mg/L
Atmospheric OH Rate Constant 2.54E-11 cm3/molecule-sec
Flash Point: 119 °F
Density: 0.885 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive Index: 1.411
Boiling Point: 140-160 °C
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 150.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1.700000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 123.00 °F. TCC ( 50.40 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.677 (est)






SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


SYNONYMS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER:
Propylene glycol monopropyl ether
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
1,2-Propandiol --1-propoxypropan (1:1)
1,2-Propanediol - 1-propoxypropane (1:1)
1,2-Propanediol - 1-propoxypropane (1:1)
1,2-Propanediol, compd. with 1,1'-oxybis
PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER
Propylene glycol propyl ether

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether
CAS Number: 770-35-4
Other Cas Numbers:
4169-04-4 (minor isomer – Primary Alcohol)
41593-38-8 (commercial mixed isomer product)
Molecular Formula: C9H12O2



APPLICATIONS


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has been used as an additive to saline to induce anesthetic effect on the peripheral tissues isolated from Biomphalaria alexandrina prior to fixation.

According to the Chemical Economics Handbook (SRI International, 2000), in 1999, total worldwide production of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether was approximately 810 million pounds (368.2 thousand tonnes).
The United States accounted for 285 million pounds (129.5 thousand tonnes) of these, Europe 472 million pounds (214.5 thousand tonnes), and Japan 53 million pounds (24 thousand tonnes).


Uses of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether:

Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances
Carpet-cleaning products that may be used directly (or require dilution), includes solutions that may be used by hand or in mechanical carpet cleaners
Cleaning products for general household cleaning, which do not fit into a more refined category
Heavy duty hard surface cleaning products that may require dilution prior to use (i.e., may be concentrated)
Materials used for construction (e.g. flooring, tile, sinks, bathtubs, mirrors, wall materials/drywall, wall-to-wall carpets, insulation, playground surfaces); includes semi-permanent fixtures such as faucets and light fixtures
Solvent- or detergent-based products for removing adhesives from surfaces
Adhesives specifically designated for gluing wooden surfaces together
Products for removing grease and other hydrophobic materials from hard surfaces
Paint or stain related products that do not fit into a more refined category
Home improvement paints, excluding or not specified as oil-, solvent-, or water-based paints
Carpet and upholstery cleaners for pet stains
preservative
solubilizer
solvent


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.
Furthermore, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used as a solvent for paints, coatings, films, textile dyes and printing pastes, inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and paint removers, as a coalescent in water-based coatings and adhesives, and in cosmetics and soaps (possesses antibacterial properties).

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used extensively in dyeing applications, where it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier.
Moreover, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is latex coalescent in water-based architectural and industrial coatings.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and textile printing pastes.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used in paint removers.
Besides, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is coalescent for latex adhesives.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is useful in the formulation of homogeneous, stable metalworking fluids.


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can be used in different industries such as:

Adhesives & Sealants
Coatings & Paints
Personal Care & Cosmetics
Construction & Building Materials
Household & Industrial Cleaning


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.
In addition, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used as a solvent for paints, coatings, films, textile dyes and printing pastes, inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and paint removers, as a coalescent in water-based coatings and adhesives, and in cosmetics and soaps (possesses antibacterial properties).

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a useful synthetic intermediate.
Additionally, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used in the preparation of acyl aryl thiocarbamates as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is an intermediate of phenoxybenzylamine (phenoxybenzamine).

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is nontoxic and environmental and has remarkable impacts on reducing the VOC of the coatings.
More to that, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a strong solvent for alkyd resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, etc.

Because of high boiling point, good miscibility, moderate evaporation rate, good coalescing and coupling ability, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can provide excellent flow and leveling, luster, while helping prevent coating defects such as pinholing, orange peel, cracking and popping.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can substitute for isophorone, anone, dibasic ester, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol ether, other propylene glycol ether, etc.
On the same condition, such as luster, fluidity, color-folding properties, cleaning resistance, etc, the usage of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is decreased to 30~50% as compared with common film-forming auxiliaries.

Because of excellent coalescing ability, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can make the comprehensive film-forming efficiency increase 1.5~2 fold and remarkably reduce the production cost, PPH is added 3.5~5% in most of emulsions and minimum film-forming temperature (MMFT) can reach to -1ºC.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is widely used in top-grade automobile coatings, automobile repair coatings, electrophoresis coatings, shipping and container coatings, architecture coatings, furniture coatings.
More to that, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also used as protective agent in printing ink, paint remover, adhesives, insulated materials, cleaning agent, perfumes for soap and cosmetics, coupling agent for dissolving of dye.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is high-boiling solvent, bacterial agent, fixative for soaps and perfumes, intermediate for plasticizers.

A major use of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is as a solvent that facilitates the mixing of aqueous and organic constituents in paints, coatings, and films.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used as a latex coalescent in water-based architectural and industrial coatings and adhesives, a carrier solvent for textile dyes, a solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and textile printing pastes, and paint remover.
Due to its antibacterial properties, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether also is used in cosmetics and soaps.


Industrial and Consumer Uses:

Anti-adhesive/cohesive
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Anti-adhesive/cohesive
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Solvent


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is just one of a series of commercial propylene glycol ethers.
In 1999, 16 million pounds (7.3 thousand tonnes) of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether was manufactured in the U.S. by a single producer.
Estimated 2004 production in the U.S. for Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether was 18 million pounds (8.2 thousand tonnes).
Exposure limits have not been established for Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether.

Protective gloves will minimize dermal absorption when prolonged skin exposure is anticipated.
Proper ventilation or wearing of respiratory protection will minimize inhalation exposures.

The primary use of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is as a solvent that facilitates the mixing of aqueous and organic constituents in paints, coatings, and films.
P
ropylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used as a latex coalescent in water-based architectural and industrial coatings and adhesives, a carrier solvent for textile dyes, a solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and textile printing pastes, and a paint remover.
Due to its antibacterial properties, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether also is used in cosmetics and soaps.

The most significant exposure potential is by inhalation and dermal contact during application of paints and coatings, or application of materials for which Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a carrier.
The types of products in which Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used (and their percents of production), and the approximate concentrations of

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is commonly used in various dyeing applications, as a dye solubilizer and a dye carrier.
Furthermore, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is often used as a carrier solvent for textile dyes and as a solvent for inks in felt tip and ball point pens as well as in stamp pads and textile printing pastes.

In the coating industry Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether finds use as a coalescent for latex adhesives and as a latex coalescent in water based coatings.
Other applications include paint removers and metal working fluids as a useful ingredient when formulating homogeneous and stable metalworking fluids.


Applications of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether:

Latex coalescent in water-based architectural and industrial coatings.
Carrier solvent for textile dyes.
Solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and textile printing pastes.
Paint removers.
Coalescent for latex adhesives.
Useful in the formulation of homogeneous, stable metalworking fluids.


Spesific Applications of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether:

Polymer auxiliaries
Dyestuffs, pigments and optical brighteners
Manufacturing of dyestuffs
Manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents
Pharmaceutical industry / Biotechnology
Plastic- and Rubberpolymers
Chemical synthesis
Chemical Industry
Manufacturing of rubber, latex
Rubber,latex
Specialities
Organic solvent
Solvents for polymeres
Technical liquids



DESCRIPTION


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can be synthesized by reacting propylene oxide with phenol in the presence of Al2O3-MgO/Fe3O4 catalyst.
The influence of its anesthetic property on gastropods has been analyzed.
Its degradation by microorganisms in different soil types has been investigated.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent applications.
Moreover, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a slow evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether — more hydrophobic than would be expected based simply on its molecular weight.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has low odor.

With its aromatic structure, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is an excellent match for phenolic coatings and linings.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also an excellent coalescent for acrylic-based latexes.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also used extensively in dyeing applications, where it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier.
Besides, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has superior viscosity reduction properties in metalworking fluids.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent applications.
In addition, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a slow evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether — more hydrophobic than would be expected based smolecular weight.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has low odor.

With its aromatic structure, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is an excellent match for phenolic coatings and linings; phenoxyproexcellent coalescent for acrylic-based latexes.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also used extensively in dyeing applications, where it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has superior viscosity reduction properties in metalworking fluids.
The most likely routes of human exposure to Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether are via inhalation or dermal contact.

While exposure may occur during manufacture or processing, greater exposure potential exists for commercial workers and other consumers when coatings are applied to surfaces or liquid products containing Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether are otherwise used.

Exposure during manufacture is limited by the use of enclosed equipment, necessitated by the hazardous properties of the reactant propylene oxide. Bulk storage, handling and transport of product further limit exposure potential.
Processors use enclosed equipment for the formulation of products containing Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether.

Worker exposure is more likely to occur while applying coating products containing Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether to various surfaces.
Dermal contact and inhalation exposure are expected exposure routes.

Individuals applying paint or other PGE-containing coatings may be exposed to Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether.
Dermal contact through minor spills or accidental contact is a source of exposure, as is inhalation from aerosol or vapor generated during application or usage.

General population exposure also is possible through inhalation of ambient air containing low concentrations of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether that may be released from industrial processes or through evaporation of coatings or other products containing them.
Ingestion of drinking water containing Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether as a contaminant also is possible.



PROPERTIES


assay: ≥93%
impurities: <7% di(propylene glycol) phenyl ether
refractive index: n20/D 1.523 (lit.)
bp: 243 °C (lit.)
solubility:
water: soluble 198 g/L at 20 °C
density: 1.064 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
InChI: 1S/C9H12O2/c1-8(10)7-11-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8,10H,7H2,1H3
Physical state clear: liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 11 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 243 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Lower explosion limit: 0,8 %(V)
Flash point: 113 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 480 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: 21,4 mm2/s
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 15,1 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water
log Pow: 1,41
Vapor pressure: 0,01 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,064 g/cm3 at 20 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Molecular Weight: 152.19
XLogP3: 1.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 152.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 152.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 97.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


General advice:

Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.


If inhaled:

After inhalation:

Fresh air.


In case of skin contact:

In case of skin contact:

Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.


In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:

Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.


If swallowed:

After swallowing:
immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.


Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling and/or in section 11


Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:

No data available



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Storage:

Store in a tightly closed container.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Store in dry, cool, well-ventilated areas away incompatible materials, food and drink.

Transfer only to approved containers having correct labeling.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Protect containers against physical damage.
Containers that have been opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent spillage.

Containers are hazardous when empty as they contain product residues.
Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination.

Ventilate closed areas.
Do not take internally.
Keep out of reach of children.

Handling


Keep away from naked flames/heat.
Finely divided: keep away from ignition sources/sparks.

Carry operations in the open/under local exhaust/ventilation or with respiratory protection.
Comply with the legal requirements.
Clean contaminated clothing.
Handle and open the container with care.
Thoroughly clean/dry the installation before use.
Keep container tightly closed.

Before use: check for peroxides and eliminate them.


Hygiene measures:

Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
Always wash hands after handling the product.

Wash thoroughly after handling.
Minimize dust generation and accumulation.

Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Use with adequate ventilation.


Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:

Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Safety glasses


Skin protection:

Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.

Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.

Wash and dry hands.
The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of Regulation (EU) 2016/425 and the standard EN 374 derived from it.

Full contact:

Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,3 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:

Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min


If used in solution, or mixed with other substances, and under conditions which differ from EN 374, contact the supplier of the EC approved gloves. This recommendation is advisory only and must be evaluated by an industrial hygienist and safety officer familiar with the specific situation of anticipated use by our customers.
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:

Protective clothing
Respiratory protection required when vapours/aerosols are generated.

Our recommendations on filtering respiratory protection are based on the following standards: DIN EN 143, DIN 14387 and other accompanying standards relating to the used respiratory protection system.

The entrepeneur has to ensure that maintenance, cleaning and testing of respiratory protective devices are carried out according to the instructions of the producer.
These measures have to be properly documented.

Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



SYNONYMS


1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
770-35-4
Phenoxyisopropanol
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy-
Propylene phenoxetol
130879-97-9
2-Phenoxy-1-methylethanol
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
1-phenoxy-propan-2-ol
87CZY0NY1A
Phenyl-.beta.-hydroxypropyl ether
(S)-1-Phenoxy-2-Propanol
NSC-24015
NCGC00164375-01
DSSTox_CID_7312
DSSTox_RID_78402
DSSTox_GSID_27312
Propylene phenoxytol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
CAS-770-35-4
beta-Phenoxyisopropanol
EINECS 212-222-7
NSC 24015
UNII-87CZY0NY1A
racemic-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
(+-)-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
AI3-14682
HSDB 8185
Propylenephenoxythol
3-phenoxy-2-propanol
2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropane
EC 212-222-7
SCHEMBL50453
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, tech.
benzyl?piperazine-1-carboxylate
(+/-)-1-phenoxy-2-propanol
CHEMBL1327532
DTXSID9027312
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [INCI]
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, >=93%
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [MART.]
1-PHENOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [WHO-DD]
NSC24015
phenoxy-propan-2-ol (mixed isomer)
Propylene Glycol 1-Monophenyl Ether
Tox21_112108
Tox21_201710
Tox21_303078
MFCD00016861
AKOS000120974
AKOS017278201
Tox21_112108_1
CS-W001255
NCGC00164375-02
NCGC00164375-03
NCGC00256986-01
NCGC00259259-01
AS-57392
FT-0608212
P0118
EN300-20169
D77637
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, technical, >=80% (GC)
A806159
A838947
SR-01000944764
TRIMETHYLOLETHANETRI-(3-MERCAPTOPROPIONATE)
SR-01000944764-1
Q20054546
2-Phenoxypropanol
Propanediol phenyl ether
4169-04-4
2-Phenoxy-1-propanol
2-phenoxypropan-1-ol
1-PROPANOL, 2-PHENOXY-
2-Phenoxypropyl alcohol
Dowanol PPH glycol ether
EINECS 224-027-4
BRN 2085744
(-)-2-Phenoxypropanol
ACMC-1ANO7
DSSTox_CID_9665
DSSTox_RID_78801
DSSTox_GSID_29665
SCHEMBL120055
CHEMBL3186734
DTXSID7029665
Propylene Glycol 2-Monophenyl Ether
Tox21_200782
ANW-13875
MFCD00142958
ACN-049183
NCGC00248831-01
NCGC00258336-01
AS-47960
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
2-Hydroxypropyl-phenyl ether
1phenoxyisopropanol
1-phenyl isopropyl alcohol
Phenoxypropanol
1-phenoxy-2-propanol
Phenyl-beta-hydroxypropyl ether
POP
Propylene glycol monophenyl ether
DOWANOL PPh Glycol Ether
2-Hydroxypropyl-phenylether
1-Phenoxyisopropanol
1-Phenoxyisopropylalcohol
Phenoxypropanol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
Phenyl-beta-hydroxypropylether
POP
Propyleneglycolmonophenylether
1-Propanol, 2-phenoxy- [ACD/Index Name]
224-027-4 [EINECS]
2-Phenoxy-1-propanol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Phenoxy-1-propanol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Phénoxy-1-propanol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Phenoxypropan-1-ol
2-Phenoxypropanol
4169-04-4 [RN]
(R)-2-PHENOXYPROPAN-1-OL
(S)-2-PHENOXYPROPAN-1-OL
[4169-04-4]
04.04.4169
2-PHENOXY PROPANOL
2-Phenoxypropyl alcohol
4-06-00-00582 [Beilstein]
64658-22-6 [RN]
87860-35-3 [RN]
Dowanol PPH glycol ether
MFCD00142958
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-phenoxypropan-2-ol
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
1-phenoxypropan-2-ol
2-Phenoxy-1-methylethanol
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy-
beta-Phenoxyisopropanol
Dowanol PPH glycol ether
Phenoxyisopropanol
PPH
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
Propylene phenoxetol
racemic-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-(phenoxy)propan-2-ol
1-fenoxypropane-2-ol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-phenoxy-propan-2-ol
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
1-phenoxypropan-2-ol
.beta.-Phenoxyisopropanol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
2-Phenoxy-1-methylethanol
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy- (6CI, 7CI, 8CI, 9CI)
DOWANOL PPH Glycol Ether
MARLOWET PPO
Montasolve PHP
Phenoxyisopropanol
Phenoxypropanol (common chemical name)
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (chemical name for isomer combination)
Propylene phenoxetol
Protecol PP (trade name)

Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has low odor and provides high dilution ratio.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) possesses low viscosity and storage stability
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is also an effective dye solubilizer and dye carrier.


CAS Number: 770-35-4
EC Number: 212-222-7
Molecular Formula: C9H12O2



SYNONYMS:
dowanol(tm) pph, 1-phenoxy-2-propano, phenoxyisopropanol, propylenephenoxetol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, -phenoxy-2-propanol, aurora ka-7000, 1-phenoxy-2-pr, phenoxy propanol, dowanol? pph, PPH, (2S)-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, 2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy-, (2S)-, BRN 2085744, Dowanol PPH glycol ether, EINECS 224-027-4, Phenoxyisopropanol, Propylene glycol phenyl ether, 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, 1-PROPANOL, 2-PHENOXY-, 2-Phenoxypropanol, 2-phenoxypropan-1-ol, 2-Phenoxypropyl alcohol, 4-06-00-00582 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol, 770-35-4, Phenoxyisopropanol, Propylene phenoxetol, 130879-97-9, Propylene glycol phenyl ether, 2-Phenoxy-1-methylethanol, 1-phenoxy-propan-2-ol, 87CZY0NY1A, DTXSID9027312, Phenyl-.beta.-hydroxypropyl ether, (S)-1-Phenoxy-2-Propanol, NSC-24015, NCGC00164375-01, Propylene phenoxytol, 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, DTXCID407312, CAS-770-35-4, beta-Phenoxyisopropanol, EINECS 212-222-7, NSC 24015, UNII-87CZY0NY1A, racemic-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, (+-)-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, AI3-14682, HSDB 8185, Propylenephenoxythol, 3-phenoxy-2-propanol, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropane, EC 212-222-7, (S)-1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol, SCHEMBL50453, 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, tech., benzyl?piperazine-1-carboxylate, (+/-)-1-phenoxy-2-propanol, CHEMBL1327532, PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [INCI], 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, >=93%, PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [MART.], 1-PHENOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE, PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [WHO-DD], NSC24015, Propylene Glycol 1-Monophenyl Ether, Tox21_112108, Tox21_201710, Tox21_303078, MFCD00016861, AKOS000120974, AKOS017278201, Tox21_112108_1, CS-W001255, NCGC00164375-02, NCGC00164375-03, NCGC00256986-01, NCGC00259259-01, AS-57392, NS00003943, P0118, EN300-20169, D77637, 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, technical, >=80% (GC), A806159, A838947, SR-01000944764, TRIMETHYLOLETHANETRI-(3-MERCAPTOPROPIONATE), SR-01000944764-1, Q20054546



Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a low-odor, slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) possesses powerful solvency, a high dilution ratio and low viscosity.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a slow-evaporating, propylene glycol phenyl ether based on latex coalescent.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) offers coalescing ability and powerful solvency.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has low odor and provides high dilution ratio.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) possesses low viscosity and storage stability


A slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent applications.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) offers a low odor, and it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent applications.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a slow evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether — more hydrophobic than would be
expected based simply on its molecular weight.
With its aromatic structure, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is an excellent match for phenolic coatings and linings; it is also an excellent coalescent for acrylic-based latexes.


A slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent applications.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) offers a low odor, and it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a slow-evaporating, hydrophoptic solvent with low odor.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is aromatic in nature, and so it is very compatible with phenolic coatings and acrylic-based latexes.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is also an effective dye solubilizer and dye carrier.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has superior viscosity reduction properties when used in metalworking fluids.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has a pleasant aroma sweet smell, non-toxic environmental protection characteristics.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has a high boiling point, low volatile characteristics, to reduce the VOC coating effect significantly.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is colorless transparent liquid with a pleasant aromatic sweet smell.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is non-toxic and environmentally friendly features to reduce paint V ° C effect is remarkable.


As efficient coalescent various water emulsion and dispersion coatings in gloss and semi-gloss paint is particularly effective.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a solvent with slow evaporation after the reaction of propylene oxide and phenol.
Phenol residue is minimal.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has a light, clear color.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can replace isophorone (cyclohexanone), DBE (dibutyl ether), benzyl alchohol, and the ethylene glycol-benzene ether syringe series with a low boiling point organic modifier or solvent.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has a sweet, pleasant smell and non-toxic characteristics.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used in water-based architectural & industrial coatings, carrier solvent for textile dyes, solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads and textile printing pastes.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used crystallization grade Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 5,000 for formulating screens or for optimization.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used product Technologies, and returns.
Cleaners uses of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH): household and industrial cleaners
Textiles uses of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH): dyes and printing pastes


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used Cosmetics, and Resins.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used Coating formulation and application.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used industrial, automotive and architectural coatings.


Metal working fluids uses of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH): surface cleaning and fabrication.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used as a coalescent in acrylic-based latex adhesives.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is also used extensively in dyeing applications, where it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has superior viscosity reduction properties in metalworking fluids.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used Latex coalescent in water-based architectural and industrial coatings.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used Carrier solvent for textile dyes.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used Solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and textile printing pastes.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used Paint removers.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used Coalescent for latex adhesives.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used Useful in the formulation of homogeneous, stable metalworking fluids.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent applications.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has a low odour and it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier.


Its low vapour pressure allows formulations to meet volatile organic compound regulations, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is readily biodegradable and has a favourable environmental profile coupled with superior performance for end use applications, as formulations may require less Performance solvent than P or E Series.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used Cleaners, Textiles, Cosmetics, Resins, Coatings, Metalworking fluids, Inks, Adhesives
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can be used as an excellent high boiling point organic solvent or modifier, to replace the toxicity or odor of isophorone, cyclohexanone, DBE, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol phenyl ether series.


Other applications of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) include architectural and industrial coatings, textile dyes, solvent for inks, paint removers, and adhesives.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is mainly used as an efficient film-forming agent for all kinds of waterborne latex and disperse coatings, especially in gloss and semi-gloss coatings.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a strong solvent of vinyl acetate, acrylic ester, styrene-acrylic ester, and other polymers, water solubility is small (lower than the volatilization speed of the water, help to swell particles), to ensure that it is fully absorbed by latex particles, the formation of excellent continuous film, so as to give latex paint the best cohesion and color development.


Industrial uses of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH): In the industrial sector, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used as a solvent and humectant in the production of paints, paints, cleaners and other products.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used in the following products: coating products, washing & cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, hydraulic fluids and polishes and waxes.
Other release to the environment of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used for the manufacture of: . Other release to the environment of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used in the following products: polymers and coating products.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used for the manufacture of: , rubber products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.


Release to the environment of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is colorless transparent liquid with a pleasant aromatic sweet smell.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is vinyl acetate, acrylic esters, styrene - strong solvent of various types of acrylate polymer, a water-soluble small (less than the water evaporation rate, help swollen particles), to ensure that it is completely absorbed by the latex particles, formed excellent continuous coating film to give latex coalescence best performance and color development, but also has good storage stability.


Compared to ordinary film-forming additives such as TEXANOL (self-made alcohol ester is -12), completely formed in the film, the same gloss, fluidity, anti-sagging, color development, under scrub and other conditions, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) reduce the amount of about 30-50%.
Strong coalescence ability, integrated deposition efficiency 1.5-2 times, production costs have dropped significantly.


For most emulsions, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) added to the emulsion an amount of 3.5-5%, minimum film forming temperature (MFT) of up to -1 °C.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH)’s high boiling point and low volatile properties reduce the VOC effect of coatings.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can be used to form a good film in waterborne latex or disperse coatings.


This is especially true for gloss and semi-gloss finishes.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH), also known as polyphenyl hydrazine, is a solvent that is strong enough to dissolve vinyl acetates and acrylic esters.
The water solubility of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) (which is lower than the water’s volatilization rate) is low, helping to swell up the particles.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has strong coalescing abilities, film formation efficiency was increased by 1.5-2x and the production cost was reduced significantly.
The film-forming temperatures (MFTs) of the material can reach as low as -1.


After product optimization, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can be used directly in any stage of painting.
In stable formulations of cleaning and metalworking fluids Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used as co-solvent and film-forming agent.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can also be used to dissolve inks or resins in coatings.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is also used as an auxiliary in formulations that do not foam to increase the detergency.
Due to its high miscibility and low surface tension Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is widely used for electrophoretic coatings in ship, container or wood coatings.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is nontoxic and environmental and has remarkable impacts on reducing the VOC of the coatings.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is non-toxic and environmentally friendly features to reduce paint V ° C effect is remarkable.
As efficient coalescent various water emulsion and dispersion coatings in gloss and semi-gloss paint is particularly effective .


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH)’s a strong solvent for alkyd resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, etc.
Because of high boiling point, good miscibility, moderate evaporation rate, good coalescing and coupling ability, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can provide excellent flow and leveling, luster, while helping prevent coating defects such as pinholing, orange peel, cracking and popping.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can substitute for Isophorone, anone, dibasic ester, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol ether, other propylene glycol ether, etc.
On the same condition, such as luster, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used fluidity, color-folding properties, cleaning resistance, etc.


The usage of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is decreased to 30~50% as compared with common film-forming auxiliaries. Because of excellent coalescing ability, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can make the comprehensive film-forming efficiency increase 1.5~2 fold and remarkably reduce the production cost.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is added 3.5~5% in most of emulsions and minimum film-forming temperature (MMFT) can reach to -1℃.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is widely used in top-grade automobile coatings,automobile repair coatings, electrophoresis coatings, shipping and container coatings, architecture coatings, furnature coatings.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is also used as protective agent in printing ink, paint remover, adhesives, insulated materials, cleaning agent, perfumes for soap and cosmetics, coupling agent for dissolving of dye.
It is recommended that the Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is added before emulsion or when pigments are ground, so that it can easily couple with other substances in the formulation, and achieve better emulsifing and dispersing effect, while having no effects on the stability of pigments, etc.


Generally speaking, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is added 3.5~6% in purified acrylic ester photopolymer emulsions, 2.5~4.5% in vinyl acetate-acrylic ester emulsions, 2~4% in styrene - acrylic ester copolymer emulsions.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent applications.


Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has a low odour and it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier.
Its low vapour pressure allows formulations to meet volatile organic compound regulations, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is readily biodegradable and has a favourable environmental profile coupled with superior performance for end use applications, as formulations may require less Performance solvent than P or E Series.


-Perfume industry uses of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH):
In the perfume industry, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used as a solvent and humectant.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) has a pleasant aroma that enhances the permanence of the perfume.
At the same time, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) also helps fragrances and pigments to dissolve better in water, making perfumes easier to apply and distribute.


-Pharmaceutical industry uses of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH):
In the pharmaceutical industry, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used as a solvent and component of drug delivery systems.
Many drugs are more soluble in Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH), which increases the bioavailability and efficacy of the drug.
In addition, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is also used to make intermediates for some drugs to help in the synthesis of new drugs.


-Cosmetics industry uses of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH):
In the cosmetics industry, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used as a humectant, solvent and preservative.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is able to help other ingredients penetrate the skin better while improving the moisturizing effect of the product.
In addition, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) also has antibacterial and antiseptic effects, which are able to extend the shelf life of cosmetics.


-Food industry uses of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH):
In the food industry, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used as a food additive.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) improves the taste and moisture retention of food, while also extending the shelf life of food.
In some candies, chocolates, and beverages, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is used as a sweetener and moisturizer.
In addition, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is also used in the production of some special food additives, such as margarine and food coloring.



FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is nontoxic and environmental and has remarkable impacts on reducing the VOC of the coatings.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH)'s a strong solvent for alkyd resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, etc.
Because of high boiling point, good miscibility, moderate evaporation rate, good coalescing and coupling ability, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can provide excellent flow and leveling, luster, while helping prevent coating defects such as pinholing, orange peel, cracking and popping.

Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can substitute for isophorone, anone, dibasic ester, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol ether, other propylene glycol ether, etc.
On the same condition, such as luster, fluidity, color-folding properties, cleaning resistance, etc, the usage of Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is decreased to 30~50% as compared with common film-forming auxiliaries.

Because of excellent coalescing ability, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can make the comprehensive film-forming efficiency increase 1.5~2 fold and remarkably reduce the production cost, Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is added 3.5~5% in most of emulsions and minimum film-forming temperature (MMFT) can reach to -1ºC.

Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is widely used in top-grade automobile coatings, automobile repair coatings, electrophoresis coatings, shipping and container coatings, architecture coatings, furniture coatings.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is also used as protective agent in printing ink, paint remover, adhesives, insulated materials, cleaning agent, perfumes for soap and cosmetics, coupling agent for dissolving of dye



OVERVIEW OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a slow evaporation solvent after the reaction of phenol with a mole of propylene oxide, and the residue of phenol is very low.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a clear colorless liquid with a mild smell.
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can be used as a high boiling point organic solvent or modifier, to replace the toxicity or odor of isophorone, cyclohexanone, DBE, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol benzene ether series.



BENEFITS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
*Favorable enviornmental profile, superior performance for end use applications, formulations may require less Performance solvent than P or E Series
*Low vapor pressure allowing formulations to meet volatile organic compound regulations
*Readily biodegradable
*U.S. EPA Inerts listed for non-food use
*Excellent for soap scum and greasy soil removal



SUGGESTED INDUSTRIES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
Adhesives & Sealants, Coatings & Paints, Personal Care & Cosmetics, Construction & Building Materials, Household & Industrial Cleaning



INDUSTRIAL GRADE PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH) MATKET
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is a colorless transparent liquid with the molecular formula C9H12O2.
As efficient coalescent various water emulsion and dispersion coatings in gloss and semi-gloss paint is particularly effective.
The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.

North American market for Industrial Grade Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2023 through 2029.
Asia-Pacific market for Industrial Grade Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2023 through 2029.



DOSAGE OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
1. Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) recommend to add before the emulsion, or add in the pigment grinding stage, so PPH formulations and other ingredients easy coupling, preferably emulsified and dispersed, and therefore will not affect the stability of the pigment and the like sex.
2. In general, the addition amount of 3.5 to 6% acrylic emulsion, acrylic emulsion for vinegar added in an amount of 2.5-4.5% for styrene-acrylic generally 2-4%.

Propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH) can be substituted for isophorone (cyclohexanone), DBE (dibutyl ether), benzyl alchohol, and the phenyl ether / ethylene glycol series to reduce the toxicity of these compounds.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
Chemical name: Propylene glycol phenyl ether
Molecular formula: C9H12O2
Molecular weight: 152.19
CAS NO.: 770-35-4
Technical index
Appearance: Light yellow to colorless liquid
Assay (%): ≥93.0
Color (APHA): ≤50
PH (1% aq.solution): 5.0-7.0
Alternative Names: N/A
CAS Number: 770-35-4
Compound Formula: C9H12O2
Molecular Mass: 152.19 g/mol

Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility In H2O: N/A
Exact Volume: N/A
Molecular Weight: 152.19 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 152.083729621 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 152.083729621 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 97.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS No.: 770-35-4
Molecular Weight: 152.19
EC No.: 212-222-7

Physical state: Clear liquid
Color: Light yellow
Odor: Not available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 11°C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 243°C (literature value)
Flammability (solid, gas): Data not available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Lower explosion limit: 0.8% (V)
Flash point: 113°C (closed cup)
Autoignition temperature: 480°C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: Data not available

pH: Not available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: 21.4 mm2/s
Dynamic viscosity: 22.7 mPa.s at 25°C
Water solubility: 15.1 g/l at 20°C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water (log Pow): 1.41
Vapor pressure: 0.01 hPa at 20°C
Density: 1.064 g/cm3 at 20°C (literature value)
Relative density: Data not available
Relative vapor density: Data not available
Particle characteristics: Data not available
Explosive properties: Data not available
Oxidizing properties: Data not available
Other safety information:
Surface tension: Approximately 67.8 mN/m at 20°C



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PHENYL ETHER (PPH):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Propylene glycol propyl ether (PGME or 1-methoxy-2-propanol) is an organic solvent with a wide variety of industrial and commercial uses.
Propylene glycol propyl ether works by dissolving the soils so they are easy to remove.


CAS Number: 1569-01-3 / 30136-13-1
EC Number: 216-372-4 / 250-069-8
MDL number: MFCD00192420
Chem/IUPAC Name: 1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
Chemical Name: Propoxy Propanol
Chemical Family: Propylene Glycol Ether
Linear Formula: CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH3
Chemical formula: C4H10O2


Propylene glycol propyl ether is present as colorless, transparent liquids with differing distillation ranges.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is a solvent cleaning agent that can also be found in household cleaners and degreasers.
Propylene glycol propyl ether works by dissolving the soils so they are easy to remove.


Propylene glycol propyl ether is good at helping to remove many types of soils including greasy soils.
Propylene glycol propyl ether (PGME or 1-methoxy-2-propanol) is an organic solvent with a wide variety of industrial and commercial uses.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.


Propylene glycol propyl ether evaporates quickly and is completely soluble (mixes easily) in water.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is a propylene oxide-based, or Pseries, glycol ether.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is commercially available as a mix of two isomers.


Propylene glycol propyl ether is the major isomer comprising at least 95% of the mixture, while 2-n-propoxy-1-propanol makes up the remaining 5%.
Propylene glycol propyl ether, or PnP, is a fluid free from colour.
The smell of Propylene glycol propyl ether resembles ether.
Propylene glycol propyl ether vaporises quickly and is also simply miscible with water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
Similar to other glycol ethers, Propylene glycol propyl ether is used as a carrier/solvent in printing/writing inks and paints/coatings.
Propylene glycol propyl ether also finds use as an industrial and commercial paint stripper.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is used as an antifreeze in diesel engines.


Propylene glycol propyl ether is a solvent cleaning agent that can also be found in household cleaners and degreasers.
Propylene glycol propyl ether works by dissolving the soils so they are easy to remove.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is good at helping to remove many types of soils including greasy soils.


Propylene glycol propyl ether is a fast-evaporating glycol ether with an excellent balance of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics; outstanding soil removal and coupling properties.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is ideal for use in household and industrial cleaners, Degreasers, water-based latex coatings, paint removers, hard surface cleaners, and water-reducible aerosol paint formulations.


Propylene glycol propyl ether exhibits a distillation range of 148.0-153.0°C, suitable for varied applications, whereas DPP is found in a range of 205.0-220.0°C, marking it as an exceptional industrial solvent.
Propylene glycol propyl ether stands out with its high safety parameters and the proper Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value, making it a perfect choice for household and industrial cleaners.


Extensive Applications: Propylene glycol propyl ether is a superior ingredient for household and industrial cleaners, while DPP features prominently as an exceptional industrial solvent in water-based coatings, inks, and cleansers.


-Drilling Fluids uses of Propylene glycol propyl ether:
A solvent, Propylene glycol propyl ether is used with water to break the emulsion of an oil-base or synthetic-base drilling fluid to prepare the sample for chemical titrations to determine lime, calcium or chloride content according to API testing procedures.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is an abbreviation for propylene glycol normal propyl ether.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is an environmentally friendlier replacement of a xylene-isopropynol mixture previously used in certain titrations.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2
Appearance: Colorless
Freezing Point: -70°C (-94°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup 46°C (115°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mmHg: 149°C (300°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 252°C (486°F)
Density @ 20°C 0.885 kg/l: 7.38 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure: @ 25°C 2.9 mmHg
Other safety information: No data available
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 150.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1.700000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 123.00 °F. TCC ( 50.40 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.677 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
water, 1.251e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2
Appearance: Colorless
Freezing Point: -70°C (-94°F)
Flash Point: Closed Cup 46°C (115°F)

Boiling Point @ 760mmHg: 149°C (300°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 252°C (486°F)
Density: @ 20°C 0.885 kg/l 7.38 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 25°C: 2.9 mmHg
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1): 0.22
Solubility @ 20°C (in Water): Complete
Refractive Index @ 25°C: 1.410
Viscosity @ 25°C: 2.7 cP
Surface Tension @ 25°C: 27 mN/m
Lower Flammability in Air: 1.3% v/v
Upper Flammability in Air: 10.6% v/v
Specific Heat @ 25°C: 1.98 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point: 369 J/g
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C 30 kJ/g
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1) 0.22
Solubility @ 20°C (in Water) Complete
Refractive Index @ 25°C 1.410
Viscosity @ 25°C 2.7 cP
Surface Tension @ 25°C 27 mN/m
Lower Flammability in Air 1.3% v/v
Upper Flammability in Air 10.6% v/v
Specific Heat @ 25°C 1.98 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal

boiling point: 369 J/g
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C 30 kJ/g
Alternate Names: 1-Propoxy-2-propanol
CAS Number: 1569-01-3
Molecular Weight: 118.18
Molecular Formula: C6H14O2
Physical State : Liquid
Storage : Store at room temperature
Boiling Point : 140-160° C (lit.)
Density : 0.885 g/mL at 25° C (lit.)
CAS: 30136-13-1
Molecular formula: C3H7OCH2CH(CH3)OH
Appearance: Colorless and clear liquid
Purity(GC)%≥: 99
Distillation range (℃ /760mmHg): 148.0-153.0
Moisture (KF) %≤: 0.1
Acidity (as HAC)%≤: 0.02
Color(Pt-Co)≤:15
CAS No.: 1569-01-3
Molecular Formula: C6H14O2
InChIKeys: InChIKey=FENFUOGYJVOCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 118.17
Exact Mass: 118.17

EC Number: 216-372-4
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5029217
HScode: 29094990
PSA: 29.5
XLogP3: 0.49 (est)
Appearance: Liquid; WetSolid
Density: 0.8886 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point: -80 °C
Boiling Point: 148-149 °C @ Press: 730 Torr
Flash Point: 119 °F
Refractive Index: n 20/D 1.411(lit.)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water
Vapor Pressure: 2.2125 mm Hg at 25 deg C
Henrys Law Constant: Henry's Law constant: 3.44X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)
Chemical formula: C4H10O2
Molar mass: 90.122 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Ethereal
Density: 0.92 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point: −97 °C (−143 °F; 176 K)
Boiling point: 120 °C (248 °F; 393 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible
log P: -0.45

Molecular Weight: 118.17
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/freezing point: ca.< -70 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 140 - 160 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 46,4 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 252 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 2,389 mPa.s at 25 °C
Water solubility: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: ca.3,8 hPa at ca.25 °C
Density: 0,885 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make the victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substances.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Reactivity:
Vapor/air-mixtures are explosive at intense warming.
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Propylene glycol monopropyl ether
1-Propoxy-2-
propanol
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
Heptanol, 4-oxa
Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether
Propylene glycol propyl ether
propyl propasol
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
Propasol solvent P
1-propoxy-2-propanol;)
1-Methoxypropan-2-ol
PGME
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
Methoxypropanol
α-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Dowanol PM
ARCOSOLV PNP
DOWANOL PNP
N-PROPOXYPROPANOL
PROPANOL, 1(OR 2)-PROPOXY-
PROPASOL P
PROPOXYPROPANOL
PROPYL PROPASOL
PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-PROPYL ETHER
PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOPROPYL ETHER
PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER
PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER
PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER [INCI]

DESCRIPTION:

Propylene glycol propyl ether is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of glycol ethers.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is derived from propylene oxide and propyl alcohol.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O3.



CAS NUMBER: 1569-01-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 118.17 g/mol



Propylene glycol propyl ether belongs to the family of propylene glycol ethers and is derived from propylene oxide.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is a clear, colorless having a mild characteristic odor.
The principal end uses of Propylene glycol propyl ether are industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, printing inks, paints and coatings.
Propylene glycol propyl ether has good solvency for a wide range of substances, including resins, dyes, oils, and greases.

Propylene glycol propyl ether helps the paint particles fuse together as the solvent evaporates, resulting in a continuous and smooth film formation.
Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether (PnP) is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.
Propylene glycol propyl ether evaporates quickly and is completely soluble (mixes easily) in water.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is a propylene oxide-based, or Pseries, glycol ether. PnP is commercially available as a mix of two isomers.

Propylene glycol propyl ether is the major isomer comprising at least 95% of the mixture, while 2-n-propoxy-1-propanol makes
up the remaining 5%.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is a solvent cleaning agent that can also be found in household cleaners and degreasers.
Propylene glycol propyl ether works by dissolving the soils so they are easy to remove.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is good at helping to remove many types of soils including greasy soils.



USAGE:

Propylene glycol propyl ether is primarily used as a solvent in various industries, including coatings, inks, cleaning products, and cosmetics.
Propylene glycol propyl ether acts as a carrier for active ingredients and helps dissolve or disperse other substances.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is commonly used as a coalescing agent in water-based paints and coatings.
Propylene glycol propyl ether helps the paint film form and coalesce by lowering the minimum film-forming temperature.

Propylene glycol propyl ether is utilized in household and industrial cleaners, degreasers, and solvents due to its ability to dissolve oils, greases, and dirt.
Propylene glycol propyl ether is also used in printing inks and electronic cleaners.
Propylene glycol propyl ether can be found in various cosmetic and personal care products, such as lotions, creams, hair sprays, and perfumes.
Propylene glycol propyl ether acts as a solvent, fragrance carrier, and viscosity modifier.

Propylene glycol propyl ether is sometimes used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, particularly in topical preparations, where it helps solubilize active ingredients and enhance drug delivery.
Propylene glycol propyl ether finds application as a solvent in industries such as textiles, adhesives, cleaning agents, chemical processing, and electronic components manufacturing.
Due to its low volatility and mild odor, propylene glycol propyl ether is used in some cosmetics and personal care products, including hair sprays, perfumes, and lotions.




PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Formula: C6H14O2
-Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
-Appearance: Colorless liquid
-Odor: Mild, ether-like odor
-Density: 0.917 g/cm³
-Boiling Point: 145-148°C (293-298°F)
-Melting Point: -84°C (-119°F)
-Flash Point: 49°C (120°F) (closed cup)
-Solubility: Miscible in water and many organic solvents
-Vapor Pressure: 4 mmHg at 20°C



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Quality Level: 200
-Assay: ≥98.5%
-refractive index: n20/D 1.411 (lit.)
-bp: 140-160 °C (lit.)
-density: 0.885 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)




TYPICAL PROPERTIES:

Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2
Appearance: Colorless
Freezing Point: -70°C (-94°F)
Flash Point - Closed Cup: 46°C (115°F)
Boiling Point at 760mmHg: 149°C (300°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 252°C (486°F)




SPECIFICATIONS:

-Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
-XLogP3-AA: 0.7
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
-Rotatable Bond Count: 4
-Exact Mass: 118.099379685 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 8
-Complexity: 45.8
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

-Physical State: Liquid
-Storage: Store at room temperature
-Melting Point: <-70° C (760 mmHg)
-Boiling Point: 140-160° C (lit.)
-Density: 0.885 g/mL at 25° C (lit.)



HANDLING:

When handling propylene glycol propyl ether, it is advisable to wear appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, to avoid direct contact with the skin, eyes, and inhalation of vapors.



STORAGE:

Propylene glycol propyl ether should be stored in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources and incompatible substances.



SYNONYM:

Propylene glycol monopropyl ether
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
Heptanol, 4-oxa
Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether
Propylene glycol propyl ether
propyl propasol
Propasol solvent P
1-propoxy-2-propanol
Propylene glycol monopropyl ether
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
Methyldipropylene glycol
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether
DPM
Propylene glycol propyl ether acetate
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
PPG propyl ether
Propylene glycol n-propyl ether
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
Dowanol PnP
Arcosolv PnP
Methylethoxypropanol
Propylene glycol monopropyl ether
PGPE
PPnP
1569-01-3
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
2-Propanol, 1-Propoxy-
PROPASOL Solvent P
Propylene glycol propyl ether
Propylene glycol n-propyl ether
2-Propanol, propoxy-
Propylene glycol-n-monopropyl ether
HSDB 6482
EINECS 216-372-4
BRN 1732636
1-Propoxy-2-propanol (contains 2-Isopropoxy-1-propanol)
DTXSID5029217
UNII-152BY1743W
152BY1743W
EC 216-372-4
DTXCID409217
CAS-1569-01-3
propylene glycol normal propyl ether
2-propanol, 1-propoxi-
SCHEMBL34792
CHEMBL1487817
Propylene glycol propyl ether, 99%
Tox21_201392
Tox21_303414
MFCD00192420
AKOS009157289
PROPYLENE GLYCOL 1-PROPYL ETHER
(+/-)-1-PROPOXY-2-PROPANOL
NCGC00090992-01
NCGC00090992-02
NCGC00257399-01
NCGC00258943-01
Propylene glycol propyl ether, >=98.5%
1-PROPOXY-2-PROPANOL, (+/-)-
LS-122655
1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL 1-PROPYL ETHER
FT-0694388
P2042
W-109681
Q26840797




IUPAC NAME:

1-propoxy, 2-propanol
1-PROPOXY-2-PROPANOL
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
1-propoxy-2-propanol
1-PROPOXYPROPAN-2-OL
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
1-propoxypropan-2-ol
1-propoxypropan-2-ol
2 propanol, 1 propoxy
2-Propanol, 1-propoxy-
2-Propoxypropanol
PFG_1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOPROPYL ETHER
Propylene Glycol N-propyl Ether
propylene glycol n-propyl ether
propylene glycol n-propyl ether
Propylene glycol propyl ether

Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether's characterized by low odor, good solvent properties, good chemical stability, and low volatility.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is colorless and water-soluble.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether has a clear, colorless having a mild characteristic odor.


CAS Number: 1569-01-3 / 30136-13-1
EINECS/ELINCS Number: 216-372-4 / 250-069-8
MDL number: MFCD00192420
Chem/IUPAC Name: 1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
Linear Formula: CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH3
Chemical Name: Propoxy Propanol
Chemical Family: Propylene Glycol Ether


Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether facilitates the removal of water-soluble or water-dispersible soils.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a good coupling solvent for many oils.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether also demonstrates good solvency for coating resins.
The properties of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether support its use in coatings, cleaning, ink, agricultural, textile and adhesive products.


Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether and blends are substitutes for many ethylene glycol ethers (E-series).
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether offers an excellent balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and is the most hydrophobic glycol ether that still maintains complete water solubility and has good coupling.


Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether evaporates quickly and is completely soluble (mixes easily) in water.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a propylene oxide-based, or Pseries, glycol ether.


Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is commercially available as a mix of two isomers.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a colourless, liquid with an ether-like odor.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is the major isomer comprising at least 95% of the mixture, while 2-n-propoxy-1-propanol makes up the remaining 5%.


Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a solvent cleaning agent that can also be found in household cleaners and degreasers.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether works by dissolving the soils so they are easy to remove.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is good at helping to remove many types of soils including greasy soils.


Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a colorless, flammable liquid with an ether-like odor.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether offers an excellent balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, and is most hydrophobic glycol ether that still maintains complete water solubility and has good coupling.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
The principal end uses of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether are industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, printing inks, paints and coatings
The properties of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether support its use in coatings, cleaning, ink, agricultural, textile and adhesive products.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is primarily used in cleaning products, where its fast evaporation rate and excellent ability to solubilize organic soils makes it useful in a wide variety of formulation systems.


Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether also demonstrates good solvency for coating resins.
The properties of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether support its use in coatings, cleaning, ink, agricultural, textile and adhesive products.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether and blends are substitutes for many ethylene glycol ethers (E-series).
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a solvent cleaning agent that can also be found in household cleaners and degreasers.


Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether works by dissolving the soils so they are easy to remove.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is good at helping to remove many types of soils including greasy soils.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is primarily used in cleaning products, where its fast evaporation rate and excellent ability to solubilize organic soils makes it useful in a wide variety of formulation systems.


Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is used as a cosolvent for waterborne coatings.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether has excellent coalescing properties and promotes stability in waterborne coatings.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a good substitute for E-series solvents, EP (ethylene glycol propyl ether) and Glycol Ether EB / Butyl Cellosolve / Butyl Glycol (ethylene glycol butyl ether).


Cleaners Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether can be used in floor wax strippers and in many types of hard-surface cleaners, such as glass, metal, tile, ceramic, and general-purpose cleaners.
End-use applications of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether:
Solvent, chemical intermediate, printing inks, paints, coatings.


Due to its suitable HLB value and high safety, Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether can be used as a component of household / industrial detergent formulations.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether can also be used as polymer solvent in water-soluble / solvent based coatings.
Cosmetic Uses of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether: solvents


-Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is used in:
• Household and industrial cleaners, grease and paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners
• Water-based latex coatings
• Water-reducible aerosol paint formulations


-Suggested Industries of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether:
Adhesives & Sealants, Coatings & Paints, Personal Care & Cosmetics, Construction & Building Materials, Household & Industrial Cleaning


-Other Applications of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether:
The properties listed in the previous section also support the use of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether in agriculture, cosmetics, electronics, ink, textile and adhesive products.
Specific end uses of Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether may require approval by appropriate regulatory agencies.



ADVANTAGES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
• Colorless
• Low odor
• Completely water soluble
• Excellent balance of aqueous and organic solubility
• Good chemical stability



BENEFITS AND APPLICATIONS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
*Coatings:
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is colorless and water-soluble. It's characterized by low odor, good solvent properties, good chemical stability, and low volatility.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is used as a cosolvent for waterborne coatings.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether has excellent coalescing properties and promotes stability in waterborne coatings.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a good substitute for E-series solvents, EP (ethylene glycol propyl ether) and Glycol Ether EB / Butyl Cellosolve / Butyl Glycol (ethylene glycol butyl ether).

*Cleaners:
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether can be used in floor wax strippers and in many types of hard-surface cleaners, such as glass, metal, tile, ceramic, and general-purpose cleaners.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether facilitates the removal of water-soluble or water-dispersible soils.
Propylene Glycol Propyl Ether is a good coupling solvent for many oils.



WHAT DOES PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Solvent



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
Molecular Weight: 118.17
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/freezing point: ca.< -70 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 140 - 160 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 46,4 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 252 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 2,389 mPa.s at 25 °C
Water solubility: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: ca.3,8 hPa at ca.25 °C
Density: 0,885 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information: No data available
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 150.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1.700000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 123.00 °F. TCC ( 50.40 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.677 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
water, 1.251e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2
Appearance: Colorless

Freezing Point: -70°C (-94°F)
Flash Point: Closed Cup 46°C (115°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mmHg: 149°C (300°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 252°C (486°F)
Density: @ 20°C 0.885 kg/l 7.38 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 25°C: 2.9 mmHg
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1): 0.22
Solubility @ 20°C (in Water): Complete
Refractive Index @ 25°C: 1.410
Viscosity @ 25°C: 2.7 cP
Surface Tension @ 25°C: 27 mN/m
Lower Flammability in Air: 1.3% v/v
Upper Flammability in Air: 10.6% v/v
Specific Heat @ 25°C: 1.98 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point: 369 J/g
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C 30 kJ/g



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.


EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER:
-Reactivity:
Vapor/air-mixtures are explosive at intense warming.
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
DOWANOL PnP
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
Propylene glycol monopropyl ether
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
Heptanol, 4-oxa
ARCOSOLV PNP
DOWANOL PNP
N-PROPOXYPROPANOL
PROPANOL, 1(OR 2)-PROPOXY-
PROPASOL P
PROPOXYPROPANOL
PROPYL PROPASOL
PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-PROPYL ETHER
PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOPROPYL ETHER
PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER
PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER
PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYL ETHER [INCI ]
1-Propoxy-2-hydroxypropane
1-PROPOXY-2-PROPANOL
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
2-Propanol, 1-propoxy-
2-Propoxy-1-methylethanol
alpha-Propylene glycol monopropyl ether
Monopropylene glycol n-propyl ether
n-Propoxypropanol
Propasol Solvent P
Propylene glycol monopropyl ether (non-specific name)
Propylene glycol n-propyl ether
Propylene glycol propyl ether
Propylene glycol-n-monopropyl ether
Propylene glycol-n-monopropyl ether (PGPE)
UNII-152BY1743W
1-PROPOXY-2-PROPANOL
1569-01-3
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
2-Propanol, 1-Propoxy-
PROPASOL Solvent P
Propylene glycol propyl ether
Propylene glycol n-propyl ether
2-Propanol, propoxy-
Propylene glycol-n-monopropyl ether
1-Propoxy-2-propanol (contains 2-Isopropoxy-1-propanol)
152BY1743W
CAS-1569-01-3
HSDB 6482
EINECS 216-372-4
BRN 1732636
UNII-152BY1743W
propylene glycol normal propyl ether
EC 216-372-4
SCHEMBL34792
CHEMBL1487817
DTXSID5029217
Propylene glycol propyl ether, 99%
Tox21_201392
Tox21_303414
MFCD00192420
AKOS009157289
propylene GLYCOL 1-PROPYL ETHER
(+/-)-1-PROPOXY-2-PROPANOL
NCGC00090992-01
NCGC00090992-02
NCGC00257399-01
NCGC00258943-01
LS-13217
propylene glycol propyl ether, >=98.5%
1-PROPOXY-2-PROPANOL, (+/-)-
1,2-propylene GLYCOL 1-PROPYL ETHER
FT-0694388
P2042
W-109681
Q26840797

PROTEASE, N° CAS : 9001-92-7, Nom INCI : PROTEASE, proteaz, Nom chimique : Proteinase, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-642-4. Classification : Enzymes. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Noms français : Protéase; Protéase d'origine bactérienne. Noms anglais : BACTERIAL PROTEASE; PROTEASE; PROTEINASE

Propylparaben is a bacteriostatic and fungistatic agent used as a preservative in cosmetic products, food and drugs.
As a food additive, Propylparaben has the E number E216.
To increase the activity and reduce Propylparaben is dose propylparaben is used in a mixture with other parabens and in combination with other types of preservatives.

CAS Number: 94-13-3
EC Number: 202-307-7
Chemical Formula: C10H12O3
Molecular Weight: 180.20

Propylparaben, the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects, although Propylparaben is manufactured synthetically for use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods.
Propylparaben is a member of the class of parabens.

Propylparaben is a preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and bath products.
As a food additive, Propylparaben has the E number E216.

Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of propylparaben, a compound with formula Na(C3H7(C6H4COO)O), is also used similarly as a food additive and as an anti-fungal preservation agent.
Propylparaben is E number is E217.

In 2010 the European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety stated that Propylparaben considered the use of butylparaben and propylparaben as preservatives in finished cosmetic products as safe to the consumer, as long as the sum of their concentrations does not exceed 0.19%.

Propylparaben is a bacteriostatic and fungistatic agent used as a preservative in cosmetic products, food and drugs.
As a food additive, Propylparaben has the E number E216.
To increase the activity and reduce Propylparaben is dose propylparaben is used in a mixture with other parabens and in combination with other types of preservatives.

Propylparaben is a chemical allergen capable of producing immunologically mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
Chemically Propylparaben is an ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Propylparaben is in the paraben family of preservatives used by the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care product industries.
Parabens mimic estrogen and can act as potential hormone (endocrine) system disruptors.

Propylparaben is a type of paraben having the chemical formula C10H12O3.
The molar mass of Propylparaben is 180.2 g/mol.

The density of Propylparaben is 1.06 g/cm3, and Propylparaben is melting point can range from 96 to 99 degrees Celsius.
We can name Propylparaben in IUPAC nomenclature as propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate.

Propylparaben is the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Propylparaben occurs naturally in plants and some insects.

However, Propylparaben can be manufactured synthetically to be used in the cosmetic industry, pharmaceutical industry, and food industry.
This is because Propylparaben can act as a preservative for various products.

The Propylparaben compound has anti-fungal and antimicrobial properties and can be used in a variety of water-based cosmetics and personal-care products due to this property.
Moreover, we can use Propylparaben as a food additive, and Propylparaben has the E number E216.
In addition, Propylparaben is a standardized chemical allergen, and Propylparaben is important in allergenic testing.

Propylparaben, the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects, although Propylparaben is manufactured synthetically for use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods.
Propylparaben is one of the most commonly used preservatives in cosmetics since Propylparaben is stable in most pH levels.

Propylparaben is a paraben, which is a group of controversial preservatives that also includes butylparaben, isobutylparaben, methylparaben, and ethylparaben.
All of these were at one time the most widely used group of preservatives used in cosmetics.

Parabens were so popular because of their gentle, non-sensitizing, and highly effective profile in comparison to other preservatives but also because they were derived naturally from plants, a rare phenomenon for a preservative.
Parabens are found in plants in the form of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a chemical that breaks down to become parabens for a plants own protection.

Over the past 10 years parabens have become criticized and condemned for use in cosmetics due to their alleged relation to health concerns affecting women and men.
The research about parabens is conflicting and polarizing.

Some research indicates they are safe as used in cosmetics and are preferred over other preservatives to keep a formula stable.
These studies also showed parabens did not have any effect when compared to natural hormones in the body.

However, other research has concluded they are indeed problematic: Some studies determined a 100% concentration of parabens caused skin samples (meaning not intact skin on a person) to break down.
However, these studies don’t apply to the tiny amount (1% or less) of parabens typically used in cosmetics.
In low amounts, parabens were not shown to harm skin; in fact, they offer a benefit due to their ability to thwart the growth of mold, fungi, and harmful pathogens.

Other studies casting parabens in a negative light were based on force-feeding them to rats, a practice that is not only cruel but unrelated to what happens when parabens are applied to skin.
There are studies indicating absorption of parabens through skin associated with application of skin care products, but those studies did not take into consideration that parabens are still used as food-grade preservatives or found naturally in plants and that could have been the source not the cosmetics.

Propylparaben is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Propylparaben is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses) and in formulation or re-packing.

Propylparaben is a preservative used in skincare and cosmetic formulations.

Propylparaben is classed as a paraben, a group of preservatives with slightly different functions and anti-microbial activity based on their size.
Other common parabens include methylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, and ethylparaben.

Propylparaben is used to extend the shelf-life of a product life by preventing microbial contamination.
Microbial contamination can occur from exposure to bacteria and molds in the air and general use of Propylparaben from your hands.

Preservatives like parabens are designed to reduce the likelihood that bacteria and molds can grow in your product.
This is important for ensuring the safety of a product.

Propylparaben naturally occurs in some fruit and vegetable products, such as barley, flaxseed, and grapes.
Parabens are found in plants in the form of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a chemical that breaks down to become parabens to protect the plant.

The parabens used in cosmetics are identical to those found in nature.
If parabens are absorbed through the skin, the human body can quickly metabolize them to PHBA and eliminate them.

Parabens have up until recently been the most widely used group of preservatives in skincare and cosmetic products.
Parabens were so popular because of their gentle, non-sensitizing, and highly effective in comparison to other preservatives.
However, the use of parabens is now controversial due to their alleged relation to health concerns.

Propylparaben is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics and personal care.
Parabens are the most commonly used preservatives in personal care products.

They are non-irritating, have low toxicity levels, and are active against a wide spectrum of fungi and bacteria at low concentrations.
In addition to meeting the NF standards of USP, our Propylparaben also complies with BP and PhEur requirements.
Propylparaben is recommended for toothpaste, mascara, eyeliner, lipstick, and eyeshadow.

Propylparaben, also known as propyl chemosept or propyl parasept, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters.
These are aromatic compounds containing a benzoic acid, which is esterified with an alkyl group and para-substituted with a hydroxyl group.

Propylparaben is a sweet, burnt, and hawthorn tasting compound.
Propylparaben is a potentially toxic compound.
Propylparaben is an antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavouring agent.

Propylparaben is the benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products.

Propylparaben is also used as a food additive.
Propylparaben has a role as an antifungal agent and an antimicrobial agent.

Propylparaben is a benzoate ester, a member of phenols and a paraben.
Propylparaben is functionally related to a propan-1-ol and a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Propylparaben is an antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavouring agent.
Propylparaben belongs to the family of Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives.
These are compounds containing an hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxylic acid.

Propylparaben is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.
The physiologic effect of propylparaben is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity.

Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria.
Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods.

Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways.
Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats.

Uses of Propylparaben:
Propylparaben has antifungal and antimicrobial properties and is typically used in a variety of water-based cosmetics and personal-care products.
Propylparaben is also used as a food additive, and is designated with E number E216.
Propylparaben is also a Standardized Chemical Allergen and is used in allergenic testing.

Propylparaben is used as antimicrobial preservatives in pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, and shampoos.
The parabens (methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl) were the most widely used preservatives in cosmetics (0.1% to 0.8%) until their sensitizing potential was recognized.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Propylparaben is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Propylparaben is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Consumer Uses:
Propylparaben is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products and perfumes and fragrances.
Other release to the environment of Propylparaben is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.

Other Consumer Uses:
Laboratory chemicals

Properties of Propylparaben:
Propylparaben is a fine white powder with a peculiar odor somewhat reminiscent of algae.
The purity is at least 98% and Propylparaben has a reasonably long shelf life.

Propylparaben is a widely used preservative in cosmetics, due to a combination of pleasant properties:
Propylparaben is very active against fungi and Gram positive bacteria
Propylparaben is, especially for a preservative, little harmful to the health of humans, animals and plants

Propylparaben usually breaks down easily and quickly in the environment
Propylparaben occurs naturally in various plants and animals and could therefore be called “natural”

Propylparaben is active in a fairly wide pH range, a pH of 5-6 is ideal, but 3-8 is also possible in many cases
Propylparaben has been used as a preservative in food, medicine and cosmetics for a century and is very well researched

Parabens do not always go well with highly ethoxylated substances such as polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 and to a lesser extent proylparaben becomes completely or partially inactive with, for example, lecithin and proteinaceous substances such as hyaluronic acid.
Furthermore, propylparaben may work well against fungi, but Propylparaben does not or hardly work against Gram-negative bacteria in particular.
Thus, an additional preservative is usually required.

Although rare, hypersensitivity to benzoic acid and related substances such as parabens does occur.
In that case, also do not use sodium benzoate, benzoic acid and benzoin tincture.
Incidentally, this hypersensitivity mainly affects damaged skin, a reaction is unusual on intact skin.

Paraben madness:
A disadvantage of a completely different nature is the fact that parabens received a lot bad press in recent decades.
In addition to many nonsense stories, there is also a more serious concern.

Parabens were found to have the potential to disrupt hormones in laboratory research.
For this reason, a lot of additional research has been done.

For the time being, Propylparaben seems that Propylparaben does not act as a hormone disruptor in mammals, but not all studies have yet been completed.
Because parabens have been used in food and cosmetics for more than a century, we know that there is no obvious great danger in the use of this group of substances, but Propylparaben would be nice if we could also exclude the possible hormone disruption completely.

Manufacturing Methods of Propylparaben:
Produced by esterifying p-hydroxybenzoic acid with n-propanol, using an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid and an excess of propanol.
Propylparabens are heated in a glass-lined reactor under reflux.

The acid is then neutralized with caustic soda and Propylparaben is crystallized by cooling.
The crystallized product is centrifuged, washed, dried under vacuum, milled and blended, all in corrosion-resistant equipment to avoid metallic contamination.

Propylparaben is produced by the n-propanol esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid, with subsequent distillation.

Parabens are prepared by esterifying PHBA parahydroxybenzoic acid with the corresponding alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, and an excess of the specific alcohol.
The acid is then neutralized with caustic soda, and Propylparaben is crystallized by cooling, centrifuged, washed, dried under vacuum, milled, and blended.

Clinical Laboratory Methods of Propylparaben:
Bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenones and parabens are commonly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, as UV-filters and as antimicrobial preservatives, respectively, and they are thought to exhibit endocrine disrupting properties.
Exposure to these compounds remains poorly characterized in developing countries, despite the fact that certain behaviors related to westernization have the potential to influence exposure.

The aim of this pilot study was to measure urinary concentrations of BPA, six different benzophenones and four parabens in 34 Tunisian women.
In addition, we identified some socio-demographic and dietary predictors of exposure to these compounds.

Chemical analyses were carried out by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS).
Detection frequencies of methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP) and propylparaben (PP) ranged between 67.6 and 94.1%. Butylparaben (BP) was found in 38.2% of the analyzed samples; BPA in 64.7%; and benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) were detected in 91.2 and 64.7% of the analyzed samples, respectively.

Urinary geometric mean concentrations of MP, EP, PP, and BP were 30.1, 1.4, 2.0 and 0.5 ng/L, respectively.
Geometric mean concentrations of BPA, BP-1, and BP-3 were 0.4, 1.3 and 1.1 ng/L, respectively.

Our results suggest that Tunisian women are widely exposed to BPA, parabens and some benzophenones.
Further studies on the general Tunisian population are needed in order to assess the levels of exposure to these compounds and to identify sources of exposure and population groups at higher risk.

Parabens are the most widely used preservative and are considered to be relatively safe compounds.
However, studies have demonstrated that they may have estrogenic activity, and there is ongoing debate regarding the safety and potential cancer risk of using products containing these compounds. In the present work, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to determine methylparaben and propylparabenconcentrations in serum, and the results were correlated with lipstick application.

Samples were analyzed using liquid-liquid extraction, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
The validation results demonstrated the linearity of the method over a range of 1-20 ng/mL, in addition to the method's precision and accuracy.
A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between serum parabens in women who used lipstick containing these substances compared with those not using this cosmetic (p = 0.0005 and 0.0016, respectively), and a strong association was observed between serum parabens and lipstick use (Spearman correlation = 0.7202).

Two rugged liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for the determination of propylparaben, Propylparaben is major metabolite, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA), and their sulfate conjugates have been developed and validated in citric acid-treated rat plasma.
To prevent propylparaben being hydrolyzed to pHBA ex vivo, rat plasma was first treated with citric acid; then collected and processed at a reduced temperature (ice bath).

Stable isotope labeled internal standards, d4-propylparaben, (13)C6-pHBA, and the d4-labeled internal standards of their sulfate conjugates were used in the methods.
The analytes were extracted from the matrix using protein precipitation, followed by chromatographic separation on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column.

Quantification using negative ion electrospray was performed on a Sciex API 4000 mass spectrometer.
The analytical ranges were established from 2.00 to 200 ng/mL for propylparaben, 50.0-5000 ng/mL for pHBA, 50.0-10,000 ng/mL for the sulfate conjugate of propylparaben (SPP) and 200-40,000 ng/mL for the sulfate conjugate of pHBA (SHBA).

Inter- and intra-run precision for the quality control samples were less than 5.3% and 4.4% for all analytes; and the overall accuracy was within +/-5.7% of the nominal values.
The validated bioanalytical methods demonstrated excellent sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision and were successfully applied to a rat toxicology study under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practices (GLP).
Strategies have been developed and applied toward overcoming the challenges related to analyte stability, and environmental and endogenous background.

Action Mechanism of Propylparaben:
The mechanism of Propylparaben may be linked to mitochondrial failure dependent on induction of membrane permeability transition accompanied by the mitochondrial depolarization and depletion of cellular ATP through uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.

Reactivity Profile of Propylparaben:
Maximum stability of Propylparaben occurs at a pH of 4 to 5.
Incompatible with alkalis and iron salts.
Also incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.

Handling and Storage of Propylparaben:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material.

Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store Propylparaben under ambient temperatures.

Storage Conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers should be stored in a dry place & kept tightly sealed when not in use.

First Aid Measures of Propylparaben:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Propylparaben:
Fires involving Propylparaben can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.
A water spray may also be used.

Fire Fighting Procedures:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Accidental Release Measures of Propylparaben:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Avoid dust formation.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Disposal Methods of Propylparaben:
Recycle any unused portion of Propylparaben for its approved use or return Propylparaben to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Propylparaben's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
If Propylparaben is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Preventive Measures of Propylparaben:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Avoid dust formation.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling:
Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts.
The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs.
Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with Propylparaben.

Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Identifiers of Propylparaben:
CAS Number: 94-13-3
ChEBI: CHEBI:32063
ChEMBL: ChEMBL194014
ChemSpider: 6907
ECHA InfoCard: 100.002.098
EC Number: 202-307-7
E number: E216 (preservatives)
KEGG: D01422
PubChem CID: 7175
UNII: Z8IX2SC1OH
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4022527
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H12O3/c1-2-7-13-10(12)8-3-5-9(11)6-4-8/h3-6,11H,2,7H2,1H3
Key: QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C10H12O3/c1-2-7-13-10(12)8-3-5-9(11)6-4-8/h3-6,11H,2,7H2,1H3
Key: QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYAD
SMILES: O=C(OCCC)c1ccc(O)cc1

CAS number: 94-13-3
EC number: 202-307-7
Grade: Ph Eur,BP,JP,NF
Hill Formula: C₁₀H₁₂O₃
Molar Mass: 180.2 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 29 00

Synonyms: Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester, Propylparaben
Linear Formula: HOC6H4CO2CH2CH2CH3
CAS Number: 94-13-3
Molecular Weight: 180.20
EC Number: 202-307-7

EC / List no.: 202-307-7
CAS no.: 94-13-3
Mol. formula: C10H12O3

Typical Properties of Propylparaben:
Chemical formula: C10H12O3
Molar mass: 180.203 g·mol−1
Density: 1.0630 g/cm3
Melting point: 96 to 99 °C (205 to 210 °F; 369 to 372 K)

Density: 1.287 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 180 °C
Ignition temperature: >600 °C
Melting Point: 96 - 97 °C
pH value: 6 - 7 (H₂O, 20 °C) (saturated solution)
Vapor pressure: 0.67 hPa (122 °C)
Bulk density: 350 kg/m3
Solubility: 0.4 g/l

Molecular Weight: 180.20
XLogP3: 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 180.078644241
Monoisotopic Mass: 180.078644241
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Complexity: 160
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Propylparaben:
Assay (HPLC, Ph. Eur., JP): 98.0 - 102.0 %
Assay (HPLC, NF): 98.0 - 102.0 %
Identity (IR-spectrum): passes test
Identity (melting range): passes test
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, Ethanol 96 %): clear and not more intense in color than reference solution BY₆
Acidic substances: passes test
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 96 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 99 °C
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 10 ppm
Related substances (HPLC, Ph. Eur., JP): passes test
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Ph. Eur., JP): ≤ 0.5 %
Sum of all impurities (Ph. Eur., JP): ≤ 1.0 %
Largest unspecified impurity (Ph. Eur., JP): ≤ 0.5 %
Related substances (HPLC, NF): passes test
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (NF): ≤ 0.5 %
Sum of all impurities (NF): ≤ 1.0 %
Largest unspecified impurity (NF): ≤ 0.5 %
1-Propylalcohol (HS-GC): ≤ 5000 ppm
Other residual solvents (ICH Q3C): excluded by manufactoring process
Sulfated ash: ≤ 0.1 %

Related Products of Propylparaben:
1,1-Dimethoxybutane
(E)-6,6-Dimethyl-2-hept-1-en-4-yn-1-amine
2,2-dimethoxybutane
Dimethyl trans-3-Hexenedioate
Dimethyl Hydroxyaspartate, Mixture of Diastereomers

Related compounds of Propylparaben:
Paraben
Butylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben

Names of Propylparaben:

Regulatory process names:
4-hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Propylparaben

CAS names:
Benzoic acid
4-hydroxy-
propyl ester

IUPAC names:
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, propylester
BENZOIC ACID, 4-HYDROXY-, PROPYL ESTER
hydroxybenzoate 4 propylique
Hydroxybenzoic acid propylester, 4-
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Propylparaben
Propylparaben
Propylparaben
propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
Propylparaben

Preferred IUPAC name:
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

Trade names:
Faracide P
Microcare OHB
Paratexin P
Solbrol P

Other names:
4-Hydroxybenzoesäurepropylester
Propylparaben
Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate
Nipasol
E216

Other identifiers:
58339-85-8
58339-85-8
59593-07-6
59593-07-6
94-13-3

Synonyms of Propylparaben:
PROPYLPARABEN
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
94-13-3
Propylparaben
Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Nipasol
Nipazol
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester
Propagin
Tegosept P
Nipagin P
n-Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Propyl Butex
Betacide P
Propylparasept
Chemacide pk
Chemocide pk
N-Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Propyl Parasept
Aseptoform P
Propyl Chemosept
Protaben P
Propyl aseptoform
Nipasol P
Solbrol P
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
Paseptol
p-Hydroxypropyl benzoate
Preserval P
Betacine P
Bonomold OP
Nipasol M
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester
p-Hydroxybenzoic propyl ester
Parasept
N-Propylparaben
Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
Propyl chemsept
Propyl-paraben
Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester
n-Propylparaben
FEMA No. 2951
Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, propyl ester
Paratexin p
Paraben p
Chemoside PK
Lexgard P
propyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Pulvis conservans
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
Propylparaben e216
n-PROPYL-p-HYDROXYBENZOATE
NSC-8511
propyl 4-oxidanylbenzoate
NSC-23515
Z8IX2SC1OH
MLS002152934
DTXSID4022527
CHEBI:32063
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid-propyl ester
NSC23515
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid n-propyl ester
NCGC00090965-03
NCGC00090965-04
SMR000112070
WLN: QR DVO3
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate;Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
DTXCID602527
Caswell No. 714
Propylparaben [USAN]
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, >=99%
Bayer D 206
FEMA Number 2951
Pulvis conservans (VAN)
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid-propyl ester 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
CAS-94-13-3
HSDB 203
p-Oxybenzoesaurepropylester [German]
EINECS 202-307-7
UNII-Z8IX2SC1OH
MFCD00002354
NSC 23515
p-Oxybenzoesaurepropylester
Propylparaben [USAN:NF]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 061203
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid-propyl ester D7 (propyl D7)
BRN 1103245
AI3-01341
Propylester kyseliny p-hydroxybenzoove [Czech]
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propylester
(Propylparaben)
36M
Propylparaben (NF)
Propylester kyseliny p-hydroxybenzoove
Propylparaben-[d7]
Propylparaben, USAN
Propylis hydroxybenzoas
85403-59-4
Propyl 4-?Hydroxybenzoate
SCHEMBL977
PROPYLPARABEN [II]
PROPYLPARABEN [MI]
p-Oxybenzoesaeurepropylester
EC 202-307-7
PROPYLPARABEN [FCC]
cid_7175
n-propyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate
PROPYLPARABEN [HSDB]
PROPYLPARABEN [INCI]
PROPYLPARABEN [VANDF]
4-10-00-00374 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS002222346
MLS006011654
BIDD:ER0229
Propyl-4-Hydroxybenzoate,(S)
Propylparaben [VANDF]
PROPYLPARABEN [USP-RS]
PROPYLPARABEN [WHO-DD]
CHEMBL194014
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate (TN)
BDBM70190
NSC8511
HMS2268K21
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, BioXtra
PROPYL (4-HYDROXYBENZOATE)
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate (JP17)
HY-N2026
PROPYL PARA HYDROXY BENZOATE
ZINC1586788
Tox21_111048
Tox21_400012
BBL023754
s5405
STL294815
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, n-propyl ester
AKOS008948099
component of Heb-Cort MC (Salt/Mix)
PROPYL HYDROXYBENZOATE [MART.]
CCG-266432
DB14177
DS-3427
PROPYL HYDROXYBENZOATE [WHO-IP]
PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE [FHFI]
PROPYL PARAHYDROXYBENZOATE [JAN]
NCGC00090965-01
NCGC00090965-02
NCGC00090965-05
NCGC00090965-06
NCGC00090965-07
AC-34533
E216
CS-0018518
FT-0618698
H0219
P1955
PROPYLIS HYDROXYBENZOAS [WHO-IP LATIN]
D01422
PROPYL PARAHYDROXYBENZOATE [EP IMPURITY]
EN300-7419478
PROPYL PARAHYDROXYBENZOATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
A844839
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, p.a., 99.0-100.5%
Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate 0.01 mg/ml in Methanol
Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol
Q511627
4-Arm PEG-OMs, 95%, average M.W. 20,000
Q-201635
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
METHYL PARAHYDROXYBENZOATE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
Propylparaben, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Propylparaben, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Propylparaben, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Propylparaben [NF] [USAN] [Wiki]
202-307-7 [EINECS]
4-10-00-00374 [Beilstein]
4-Hydroxybenzoate de propyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid n-propyl ester
4-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, n-propyl ester
94-13-3 [RN]
Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester [ACD/Index Name]
Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, propyl ester
DH2800000
Mekkings P [Trade name]
MFCD00002354 [MDL number]
Nipasol M [Trade name]
n-propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
n-Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
n-Propylparaben
N-Propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid n-propyl ester
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
p-Oxybenzoesaurepropylester [German]
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Propyl chemosept [Trade name]
Propylparaben
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate [JP15]
PROPYL PARASEPT [Trade name]
propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Propyl-4-​hydroxybe​nzoate
Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Propylester kyseliny p-hydroxybenzoove [Czech]
Propylis parahydroxybenzoas
Solbrol P [Trade name]
Z8IX2SC1OH
1219802-67-1 [RN]
1246820-92-7 [RN]
4-Hydroxy-benzoic acid propyl ester
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propylester
4-hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid-propyl ester
Aseptoform P
Bayer D 206
Benzoic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)- (9CI)
Bonomold OP
Chemocide pk
DS-3427
Lexgard P
Nipagin P
NIPASEPT
Nipasol
Nipasol P
Nipazol
n-Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate--d4
n-Propylparaben
N-Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
n-Propyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate
Parasept
Paseptol
PEPH
P-HYDROXY PROPYL BENZOATE
p-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester
p-Hydroxybenzoic propyl ester
p-Hydroxypropyl benzoate
p-Oxybenzoesaeurepropylester
Preserval P
Propagin
propilparabeno [Portuguese]
Propyl aseptoform
Propyl butex
PROPYL PARA HYDROXY BENZOATE
Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate 0.01 mg/ml in Methanol
Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol
Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
Propyl-d7 Paraben
Propyl-paraben
Propylparasept
Propyl-p-Hydroxybenzoate
Protaben P
QR DVO3 [WLN]
Tegosept P
UNII:Z8IX2SC1OH
UNII-Z8IX2SC1OH

Propylparaben belongs to the class of parabens, commonly used along with methylparaben (MP) since they exhibit synergistic effects.
Propylparaben is the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Propylparaben occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects.

CAS Number: 94-13-3
Molecular Formula: C10H12O3
Molecular Weigh: 180.2
EINECS Number: 202-307-7

Synonyms: , Propyl-4-Hydroxybenzoate,(S), PROPYL PARABEN [VANDF], PROPYLPARABEN [WHO-DD], CHEMBL194014, Propyl parahydroxybenzoate (TN), BDBM70190, NSC8511, HMS2268K21, Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, BioXtra, Propyl parahydroxybenzoate (JP17), HY-N2026, Tox21_111048, Tox21_400012, BBL023754, s5405, STL294815, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, n-propyl ester, AKOS008948099, component of Heb-Cort MC (Salt/Mix), 1ST2511, CCG-266432, DB14177, DS-3427, PROPYL HYDROXYBENZOATE [WHO-IP], PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE [FHFI], PROPYL PARAHYDROXYBENZOATE [JAN], USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 061203, NCGC00090965-01, NCGC00090965-02, NCGC00090965-05, NCGC00090965-06, NCGC00090965-07, AC-34533, DA-66938, E216, DB-221787, CS-0018518, H0219, NS00002126, P1955, PROPYLIS HYDROXYBENZOAS [WHO-IP LATIN], D01422, SBI-0653917.0001, EN300-7419478, A844839, Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, p.a., 99.0-100.5%, Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate 0.01 mg/ml in Methanol, Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol, Q511627, Q-201635, BRD-K60783397-001-09-5, Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%, Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, tested according to Ph.Eur., Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, Propylparaben, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Propylparaben, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Propyl parahydroxybenzoate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Propylparaben, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, InChI=1/C10H12O3/c1-2-7-13-10(12)8-3-5-9(11)6-4-8/h3-6,11H,2,7H2,1H

Propylparaben can be manufactured synthetically for use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods.
Propylparaben is a member of the class of parabens and can be used as a preservative in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and bath products.
As a food additive, it has an E number, which is E216.

Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of propylparaben, a compound with formula Na(C3H7(C6H4COO)O), is used similarly as a food additive and as an anti-fungal preservation agent.
In 2010, the European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety stated that the use of butylparaben and propylparaben as preservatives in finished cosmetic products as safe to the consumer, as long as the sum of their concentrations does not exceed 0.19%.

Propylparaben is in the paraben family of preservatives used by the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care product industries.
Parabens mimic estrogen and can act as potential hormone (endocrine) system disruptors.
Propylparaben is a propyl ester of alpha-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Propylparaben occurs naturally in many plants, fruits, and vegetables.
Propylparaben together with methylparaben (0.18% w/v) has been used for the preservation of various parenteral pharmaceutical formulations.

Propylparaben is highly valuable for water-based products - working in the background to preserve the formulations and increase their shelf lives.
Its antimicrobial properties inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and molds, ensuring product integrity and safety.
Commonly used in creams, lotions, makeup, shampoos, and other personal care items, Propylparaben preserves formulations by preventing spoilage and maintaining efficacy over time.

Its role is crucial in preventing microbial contamination, especially in water-based formulations where microorganisms thrive.
By extending product longevity, Propylparaben contributes to consumer satisfaction and regulatory compliance, facilitating the production of stable and safe cosmetic products for global markets.
Under FDA regulations, propylparaben is safe to use with a maximum of 0.1% of the weight of the finished food or 200–450 ppm for a variety of foods like coffee extracts, juices, jams, baked goods, and dairy products.

Propylparaben is even found naturally in a plant called Stocksia brahuica.
Propylparaben is often used as a food and cosmetic preservative as it has no odor or taste, and does not change the texture.
Propylparaben has some medicinal application as well as it has been used in pills, syrups, eyewashes, weight gain drinks, and recently has been discovered to have anticonvulsant activities suggesting it may be useful in the development of anticonvulsant medicine.

Recently, a study of combining plasma-activated water (PAW) with propylparaben show increased antimicrobial efficacy of PAW for fresh produce sanitation.
Propylparaben is used for fresh produce sanitation. However, when used in food applications, its effectiveness decreased because of interfering substances like polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids.
With propylparaben and PAW, bacteria undergo more oxidative stress and cell damage, increasing preservation of produce.

For now, the potential health risk and residue level of propylparaben with this new method is still unknown.
Propylparaben is also used as a food additive, and is designated with the E number E216.
Propylparaben is commonly used as a preservative in packaged baked goods, particularly pastries and tortillas.

Propylparaben is also a Standardized Chemical Allergen and is used in allergenic testing.
Propylparaben functions as a preservative in a wide range of cosmetic products.
Cosmetic products like creams and lotions contain various natural extracts.

These extracts are very beneficial for the skin but at the same time vulnerable to microbial contamination.
Also, once open products that are used frequently by fingers are susceptible to microbial contamination.
Plus, these products are generally stored at room temperature which also stimulates the growth of microbes.

Such contamination can lead to product deterioration like foul smell/ breaking of emulsion.
When such a contaminated product is unknowingly applied to the skin it may lead to various skin infections.
Propylparaben inhibits the growth of microbes and protects the product from deterioration.

Propylparaben adds up shelf life to the product.
Propylparaben is used in formulations of make-up products like lipsticks, bath products, skin cleansing, moisturizing products, and other skin and hair care products.
Propylparaben is a paraben, which is a group of controversial preservatives that also includes butylparaben, isobutylparaben, methylparaben, and ethylparaben.

All of these were at one time the most widely used group of preservatives used in cosmetics.
Propylparabens were so popular because of their gentle, non-sensitizing, and highly effective profile in comparison to other preservatives but also because they were derived naturally from plants, a rare phenomenon for a preservative.
Propylparabens are found in plants in the form of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a chemical that breaks down to become parabens for a plants own protection.

Over the past 10 years parabens have become criticized and condemned for use in cosmetics due to their alleged relation to health concerns affecting women and men.
The research about parabens is conflicting and polarizing.
Some research indicates they are safe as used in cosmetics and are preferred over other preservatives to keep a formula stable.

These studies also showed parabens did not have any effect when compared to natural hormones in the body.
However, other research has concluded they are indeed problematic: Some studies determined a 100% concentration of parabens caused skin samples (meaning not intact skin on a person) to break down.
However, these studies don’t apply to the tiny amount (1% or less) of parabens typically used in cosmetics.

In low amounts, parabens were not shown to harm skin; in fact, they offer a benefit due to their ability to thwart the growth of mold, fungi, and harmful pathogens.
Other studies casting parabens in a negative light were based on force-feeding them to rats, a practice that is not only cruel but unrelated to what happens when parabens are applied to skin.
There are studies indicating absorption of parabens through skin associated with application of skin care products, but those studies did not take into consideration that parabens are still used as food-grade preservatives or found naturally in plants and that could have been the source not the cosmetics.

Propylparaben is a member of the parabens group of compounds.
Propylparaben is used for the preservation of food items like jams, sauces, drinks, and dairy products in addition to its use in cosmetic products.

Propylparaben with n-propanol, using an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid and an excess of propanol.
The materials are heated in a glass-lined reactor under reflux.
The acid is then neutralized with caustic soda and the product is crystallized by cooling.

The crystallized product is centrifuged, washed, dried under vacuum, milled and blended, all in corrosion-resistant equipment to avoid metallic contamination.
Propylparaben may be used as certified reference material for the quantification of the analyte in food samples and pharmaceuticals using chromatography techniques.
Propylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceutical formulations.

Propylparaben may be used alone, in combination with other paraben esters, or with other antimicrobial agents.
Propylparaben is one of the most frequently used preservatives in cosmetics.
The parabens are effective over a wide pH range and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, although they are most effective against yeasts and molds.

Propylparaben can be derived from the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol.
First mix Propylparaben with propanol and heat to dissolve.
Then add sulfuric acid slowly and continue to heat for 8h of refluxion.

After cooling, pour them into the 4% sodium carbonate solution for precipitation and crystallization.
Filtrate and wash to neutral to obtain the crude product.
After further ethanol recrystallization, the finished products are obtained.

In the preparation, the cation exchange resin can be used in place of the sulfuric acid catalyst.
Propylparaben can be derived from the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid.
Propylparaben and n-propanol in turn to the esterification reactor, and heat to dissolve.

Add concentrated sulfuric acid slowly and heat for 8h of refluxion.
Pour the reaction solution into 4% sodium carbonate solution before it is cooled.
Constantly stir for precipitation and crystallization.

Then the crude product can be obtained after centrifugal filtration and washed to neutral.
Finally the finished product is acquired after activated carbon decolorization and ethanol recrystallization.
The method of preparing ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate can also be used as a reference.

HOC6H4COOH + C3H7OH [H2SO4] → HOC6H4COOC3H7 + H2O
The benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of Propylparaben.
Also used as a food additive.

Colorless crystals or white powder or chunky white solid.
Propylparaben is a common preservative used to shield cosmetics and personal care items against microbial growth.
Propylparaben is a colorless and fine crystalline or white crystalline powder, almost odorless and with slightly astringent.

Further, Propylparaben can be known by its trade names like Propyl Chemsept and Chemacide PK.
Propylparaben is important to note that synthetic Propylparaben was banned for use in the food industry due to its risks to reproductive health upon ingestion.

Propylparaben is largely added to water-based products like shampoos, lotions, and creams that are vulnerable to deterioration.
Propylparaben is cheap and easily available making products pocket-friendly and economical.

Melting point: 95-98 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 133°C
Density: 1.0630
vapor pressure: 0.67 hPa (122 °C)
FEMA: 2951 | PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE
refractive index: 1.5050
Flash point: 180°(356°F)
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: ethanol: soluble0.1M, clear, colorless
form: Crystalline Powder
pka: pKa 8.4 (Uncertain)
color: White
Specific Gravity: 0.789 (20/4℃)
Odor: at 100.00 %. sweet smoky burnt woody hawthorn
PH: 6-7 (H2O, 20°C) (saturated solution)
Odor Type: smoky
Water Solubility: Merck: 14,7866
BRN: 1103245
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.
InChIKey: QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.8 at 20℃

Propylparaben is a white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 202.18 amu.
Humans most often absorb the chemical through their skin or ingestion as it is in many cosmetic and food products as an antifungal preservative.
Propylparaben, also known as propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, is a type of paraben commonly used as a preservative in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food products.

Propylparaben is a natural substance found in vegetables and fruits like flaxseeds, barley, and grapes.
Propylparaben is an effective antimicrobial, especially against green and blue molds on citrus fruits.
Its high solubility in water allows it to be applied to the fruits easily.

Propylparaben is one of the parabens family.
Propylparabens are esters formed by p-hydroxybenzoic acid and an alcohol.
They are largely used as biocides in cosmetics and toiletries, medicaments, or food.

They have synergistic power with other biocides. Parabens can induce allergic contact dermatitis, mainly in chronic dermatitis and wounded skin.
One of the simplest ways to produce propylparaben is through the esterification of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid with propanol using an acidic catalyst.
The first major step includes the protonation of the carbonyl due to the acidic conditions.

This protonation results in a positive charge on the carbonyl which will offset the electron density from the ester carbon atom, this allows the propanol to preform a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl.
Propylparaben of the nucleophilic propanol is then transferred by the solvent to the esters hydroxyl group.
The hydroxyl can then act as a good leaving group and be expelled from the tetrahedral intermediate as water, allowing the ester carbonyl group to reform.

Finally, deprotonation of the reformed carbonyl group will produce the final ester product, propylparaben.
Propylparaben is an antibacterial preservative that can be produced by plants and bacteria.
Propylparaben is commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods.

Propylparaben disrupts follicular growth and steroidogenic function by altering cell cycle, apoptosis and steroidogenic pathways.
Propylparaben also reduced sperm count and motility in rats.
Propylparaben is one of the most commonly used paraben in cosmetic formulation.

Propylparaben can be found in moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, makeups, shaving products, and many more.
In cosmetic products, propylparaben is typically combined with other parabens (such as methylparaben) or other preservatives to protect against a broader range of microorganisms.
The chemical stability in room temperature and wide pH range (4.5–7.5) is advantageous to prolong a product shelf life.

Under FDA regulations, the maximum use of concentration for propylparaben is 25%.
However, cosmetics do not require testing by the FDA prior to sale.
While there is no conclusive evidence of harm to human health from propylparaben, more cosmetic companies are creating paraben-free lines, specifically in shampoos.

Since Propylparabens can easily absorb through skin, daily use is believed to cause toxic accumulation in the body that might be harmful.
Some people may also experience allergic reaction to parabens including redness, irritation, itchiness, flaking, and hives.
Used since the mid-1920s as a preservative, parabens are present in eyewashes, pills, cough syrups, injectable solutions, contraceptives, and even weight-gain drinks.

Unlike cosmetics where propylparaben is mostly used in the surface, propylparaben is ingested and absorbed.
According to a law from the EEC (European Economic Community), the maximum level of parabens in pharmaceutical products is 1% (w/w), much stricter and defined than cosmetics.
Propylparaben also cannot be used alone in ophthalmic products, such as eyewash because it may cause irritation at the effective concentration level to have antimicrobial activities.

A MES (Maximal Electroshock) test also shows anticonvulsant activity in propylparaben.
Since propylparaben has minimum to no toxicity and well absorbed in the GI tract, it can potentially be develop to new anticonvulsant medicine to control seizures.
Propylparaben is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

The European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) has assessed its safety in cosmetic products, recommending a maximum concentration limit of 0.14% when used alone and 0.8% for the sum of all parabens in the product.
Propylparaben can cause allergic skin reactions in sensitive individuals, such as contact dermatitis.
Concerns have been raised about the potential of parabens, including propylparaben, to act as endocrine disruptors by mimicking estrogen.

However, scientific studies have produced mixed results, and regulatory bodies consider its use safe within specified limits.
Propylparaben is considered biodegradable and tends to break down in the environment, reducing the risk of long-term environmental persistence.
Propylparaben can be toxic to aquatic organisms, which is a concern for environmental pollution, especially in water bodies.

The antimicrobial activity of propylparaben is reduced considerably in the presence of nonionic surfactants as a result of micellization.
Absorption of propylparaben by plastics has been reported, with the amount absorbed dependent upon the type of plastic and the vehicle.
Magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium trisilicate, yellow iron oxide, and ultramarine blue have also been reported to absorb propylparaben, thereby reducing preservative efficacy.

Propylparaben is discolored in the presence of iron and is subject to hydrolysis by weak alkalis and strong acids.
Propylparaben and methylparaben are affirmed GRAS direct food substances in the USA at levels up to 0.1%.
All esters except the benzyl ester are allowed for injection in Japan.

In cosmetics, the EU and Brazil allow use of each paraben at 0.4%, but the total of all parabens may not exceed 0.8%.
Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IM, IV, and SC injections; inhalations; ophthalmic preparations; oral capsules, solutions, suspensions, and tablets; otic, rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations).
Included in parenteral and nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

In cosmetics, it is synthetically made through esterification.
Within this, p-hydroxybenzoic acid is reacted with propyl alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid.
This reaction forms propylparaben and water as byproducts.

The propylparaben is then purified for use in the beauty industry.
In its raw form, Propylparaben appears as a white powder or colorless crystals.
Propylparaben is a stable and non-volatile compound with antimicrobial properties and has been used as preservatives in food for over 50 years.

Propylparaben is typically used in a variety of water-based cosmetics and personal-care products.
Propylparaben is metabolized in two major pathways leading to the production of either conjugated metabolites or hydrolysates (PHBA, PHHA).

Uses:
Propylparaben is used in products like cheese and yogurt to inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria.
Included in soft drinks, fruit juices, and other beverages to maintain freshness.
Helps in maintaining product safety and efficacy by preventing bacterial contamination.

Propylparaben is used to prevent the growth of odor-causing bacteria.
Included in formulations to prevent microbial growth during storage and use.
Used to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.

Used in various animal care products to ensure product stability and prevent microbial growth.
Included in cleaning agents and detergents to maintain product safety and efficacy.
Used to ensure the safety and extend the shelf life of products designed for infants.

Included to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product quality.
Helps in maintaining product stability and effectiveness by preventing the growth of harmful microorganisms.
Added to prevent spoilage and ensure product safety.

Propylparaben is used to maintain the integrity of the product during storage and use.
Included in some ophthalmic solutions to prevent microbial growth and ensure product safety.
Used to maintain sterility and prevent contamination.

Added to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination.
Disinfectants: Used in various disinfectant formulations to ensure effectiveness and longevity.
Included to prevent microbial growth and ensure product safety for animals.
Propylparaben is used in veterinary formulations to maintain sterility and efficacy.

Found in surface cleaners and disinfectants to prevent microbial growth.
Propylparaben is used to maintain product stability and effectiveness.
Sometimes incorporated into food packaging to extend the shelf life of packaged foods by preventing microbial contamination.

Used in some alcoholic beverages to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life.
Included in drinks like flavored waters and energy drinks to ensure freshness.
Propylparaben is used to maintain the stability and safety of these products during storage.

Included in some wound care products to prevent microbial growth.
Propylparaben is used in the preservation of medical devices to ensure sterility and safety.
Used to maintain the sterility and effectiveness of various laboratory reagents and solutions.

Included in microbiological media to prevent contamination during the cultivation of microorganisms.
Propylparaben Used as preservatives and antioxidants, and also used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Propylparaben is used as the antimicrobial preservative in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Propylparaben is used as antiseptic and antimicrobial.
Propylparaben is used as the preservatives of food, cosmetics and medicines.
Propylparaben is used to prevent microbial contamination.

Added to maintain product integrity and prevent spoilage.
Found in products like foundation, mascara, and lipstick to ensure longevity and safety.
Included in creams, ointments, and lotions for skin application to prevent microbial growth.

Propylparaben is used in syrups, suspensions, and tablets to extend shelf life.
Sometimes used in parenteral formulations to ensure sterility and safety.
Added to cakes, pastries, and bread to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life.

Storage:
Aqueous propylparaben solutions at pH 3–6 can be sterilized by autoclaving, without decomposition.
At pH 3–6, aqueous solutions are stable (less than 10% decomposition) for up to about 4 years at room temperature, while solutions at pH 8 or above are subject to rapid hydrolysis (10% or more after about 60 days at room temperature).

Safety profile:
Propylparaben, among other parabens, has been raising concerns on its possible interaction and disruption of estrogen in the endocrine system Exposure to high levels of propylparaben has been correlated to lower sperm and testosterone production in males in animal studies, with one other study showing that it can even act as an effective spermicide.
Animal studies of propylparaben in the body show that propylparaben is metabolized from the GI tract and excreted rapidly through urine with no accumulation in the body.

Despite parabens' interaction with the endocrine system, it has not been shown to be significantly correlated with breast cancer.
With cracked or damaged skins, the use of propylparaben in cosmetics or skincare can result in skin sensitization; however, for normal skin, it is considered safe.
As of May 2023, New York began considering banning the use of propylparaben because studies in humans and animals indicate that it acts as an endocrine disruptor and
affects reproductive health.

In October 2023, the Governor of California signed a bill into law outlawing the use of propylparaben in foods by 2027.
The new law bans the manufacture, sale, and distribution of propylparaben and three other additives (brominated vegetable oil, potassium bromate, and Red 3).
This is the first law in the U.S. to ban it and will possibly have nationwide effects.

Propylparaben is safe for external use at lower concentrations of 0.01 to 0.3%.
Propylparaben is non-sensitizing and gentle on the skin and does not have any major side effects.
However, higher concentrations and/or ingestion may cause severe health concerns including allergy and hormone disruption.

Propylparaben is important to follow safety guidelines and perform patch tests before widespread use.
Propylparaben and other parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics, food products, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Propylparaben and methylparaben have been used as preservatives in injections and ophthalmic preparations; however, they are now generally regarded as being unsuitable for these types of formulations owing to the irritant potential of the parabens.

Systemically, no adverse reactions to parabens have been reported, although they have been associated with hypersensitivity reactions.
The WHO has set an estimated acceptable total daily intake for methyl, ethyl, and propyl parabens at up to 10 mg/kg body-weight.

Chemical name: Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate INCI designation: Propylparaben Product properties *) Appearance (20°C) White, almost white crystalline powder. Chemical and physical data Melting point: 96 - 98 oC Assayacc. BP/PH.Eur: 98.0 - 102.0 % PROPYL PARABEN Name: Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate CAS: 94-13-3 Molecular Formula: C10H12O3 Molecular Weight: 180.201 EC / List no.: 202-307-7 CAS no.: 94-13-3 PROPYL PARABEN is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries and topical pharmaceuticals. PROPYL PARABEN is suitable for both rinse-off and leave-on formulations. PROPYLPARABEN is freely soluble in most oils, waxes, fatty alcohols, but has relatively low solubility in water. Propylparaben, the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects, although it is manufactured synthetically for use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. PROPYL PARABEN is a member of the class of parabens. PROPYL PARABEN is a preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and bath products. PROPYL PARABEN is a a food additive, it has the E number E216. Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of propylparaben, a compound with formula Na(C3H7(C6H4COO)O), is also used similarly as a food additive and as an anti-fungal preservation agent. Its E number is E217. In 2010 the European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety stated that it considered the use of butylparaben and propylparaben as preservatives in finished cosmetic products as safe to the consumer, as long as the sum of their individual concentrations does not exceed 0.19%. IUPAC name Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Other names 4-Hydroxybenzoesäurepropylester Propyl paraben Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Propyl parahydroxybenzoate Nipasol E216 Identifiers CAS Number 94-13-3 Uses PROPYL PARABEN is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designedfor preservation of a wide range of cosmetics,toiletries and topical pharmaceuticals. PROPYLPARABEN is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Applications Typical use concentrations of PROPYLPARABEN is 0.1 – 0.3 %. Combinations of p- Hydroxybenzoic acid esters, e.g.with Nipagin M, Nipagin A or Nipabutyl exhibit increased activity compared with individual esters. Incorporation PROPYL PARABEN is freely soluble in most oils, waxes, fatty alcohols, but have relatively low solubility in water. The low aqueous solubility does not affect the microbiological efficacy of the esters. Most formulations requiring preservation contain a significant amount of water. This may mean that PROPYL PARABEN cannot readily be added directly to the formulation. Other methods of incorporation are quite straightforward however, and are listed below. Dissolving in water The solubility of PROPYL PARABEN increases greatly as the temperature of the water rises. Therefore a concentrate may be made up by heating an appropriate quantity of water to 60- 100 °C prior to addition of PROPYL PARABEN. This concentrate may then be added to the formulation, provided that the ester concentration does not exceed its solubility in the formulation at normal ambient temperatures. Dissolving in organic solvents PROPYL PARABEN is readily soluble in polar organic solvents. Where such a solvent is already part of a formulation an PROPYL PARABEN concentrate may be made up prior to addition. If a suitable solvent is not already part of the formulation, a highly concentrated solution may be made up e.g. 32 % in Ethanol, which would give insignificant residual levels of ethanol in the end product. Solubilisation in oils, emulsifiers etc. PROPYLPARABEN is readily soluble in lipophilic ingredients and may be introduced to a formulation by adding to the oil phase with some warming before any emulsification stage. In multiphase systems, such as emulsions, it is often advisable to use a combination of aqueous dissolution with either of the other methods to ensure adequate preservation. The ester may be incorporated in the water to its maximum solubility and any further quantities may be dissolved in the oil phase, or solvent, as appropriate. pH stability PROPYL PARABEN remains fully stable over a wide pH range from 4- 8. In general the lower the pH of the formulation, the more active is PROPYL PARABEN. That can result in a lower use concentration when the pH of the formulation is more acidic. Temperature stability PROPYL PARABEN is stable up to 80 °C. Solubility The solubility of PROPYL PARABEN in different solvents is illustrated in the following table. Solvent % (w/w) Water 10 °C 0.018 Water 25 °C 0.04 Water 80 °C 0.45 Water 100 °C 0.7 Acetone 51 Methanol 50 Ethanol 50 Propylene Glycol 29 Glycerol 1.0 Vegetable oils (arachis) 1.4 Liquid paraffin 0.033 Microbial Activity PROPYL PARABEN exhibits microbiostatic activity against a wide range of bacteria, yeast and mould. This is illustrated by the following table which shows the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PROPYL PARABEN against examples of different groups of microorganisms. Microorganisms MIC level (%) Gram Negative Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.08 Escherichia coli 0.04 Klebsiella aerogenes 0.04 Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.025 Serratia marcescens 0.04 Proteus vulgaris 0.025 Salmonella enteritidis 0.04 Salmonella typhi 0.06 Microorganisms MIC level (%) Gram Positive Bacteria Stpahylococcus aureus 0.04 Streptococcus haemolyticus 0.04 Bacillus cereus 0.025 Bacillus subtilis 0.025 Lactobacillus buchneri 0.025 Yeasts Candida albicans 0.013 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.013 Molds Aspergillus niger 0.02 Penicillium digitatum 0.006 Rhizopus nigricans 0.013 Storage instructions PROPYL PARABEN must be stored in tighly closed container in a cool, well- ventilated, dry place. Further information on handling, storage and dispatch is given in the EC safety data sheet. Propylparaben is the benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Also Propylparaben is used as a food additive. Propylparaben has a role as an antifungal agent and an antimicrobial agent. Propylparaben is a benzoate ester, a member of phenols and a paraben. Propylparaben derives from a propan-1-ol and a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate appears as colorless crystals or white powder or chunky white solid. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate has a melting point 95-98°C. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate has hdorless or faint aromatic odor. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate has low toxicity and it is tasteless. pH: 6.5-7.0 (slightly acidic) in solution. Propylparaben. PROPYL PARABEN by Clariant is a propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate. PROPYL PARABEN acts as a preservative. PROPYL PARABEN is a long-chain Paraben for higher efficacy and less water solubility. PROPYL PARABEN is used in shampoos, shower products, liquid soap, decorative cosmetics, syndet, bar soaps, wet wipes, hair conditioners, hair styling products, creams, lotions, antiperspirants and deodorants. Synonyms 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester; Aseptoform P; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester; Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, propyl ester; Betacide P; Betacine P; Bonomold OP; Chemacide PK; Chemocide PK; Nipagin P; Nipasol; PROPYL PARABEN; Nipasol P; Nipazol; Paraben; Parasept; Paseptol; Preserval P; Propagin; Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Propyl Parasept; Propyl aseptoform; Propyl butex; Propyl chemosept; Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Propyl paraben; Propyl parahydroxybenzoate; Propylester kyseliny p-hydroxybenzoove [Czech]; Propylparasept; Protaben P; Pulvis conservans (VAN); Solbrol P; Tegosept P; n-Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; p-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester; p-Hydroxybenzoic propyl ester; p-Hydroxypropyl benzoate; p-Oxybenzoesaurepropylester [German]; [ChemIDplus] 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Propylparaben Chemical properties Propylparaben is a colorless and fine crystalline or white crystalline powder, almost odorless and with slightly astringent. Propylparaben is soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone and other organic solvents Propylparaben is slightly soluble in water. Uses 1. Propylparaben is used as preservatives and antioxidants, and also used in the pharmaceutical industry 2. Propylparaben is used as the antimicrobial preservative in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics 3. Propylparaben is used as antiseptic and antimicrobial. 5. Propylparaben is used as the preservatives of food, cosmetics and medicines. Content analysis Same with Method 1 in "Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate (07002)". In calculation, per mL of 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide corresponds to 180.2mg of this goods (C10Hl2O8). Toxicity Adl 0-10 mg/kg (FAO/WHO, 2001). LD50 3.7g/kg (mouse, oral). GRAS (FDA, § 184.1670, 2000). Production methods Propylparaben can be derived from the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol. First mix p-hydroxybenzoic acid with propanol and heat to dissolve. Then add sulfuric acid slowly and continue to heat for 8h of refluxion. After cooling, pour them into the 4% sodium carbonate solution for precipitation and crystallization. Filtrate and wash to neutral to obtain the crude product. After further ethanol recrystallization, the finished products are obtained. In the preparation, the cation exchange resin can be used in place of the sulfuric acid catalyst. It can be derived from the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. Add p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol in turn to the esterification reactor, and heat to dissolve. Add concentrated sulfuric acid slowly and heat for 8h of refluxion. Pour the reaction solution into 4% sodium carbonate solution before it is cooled. Constantly stir for precipitation and crystallization. Then the crude product can be obtained after centrifugal filtration and washed to neutral. Finally the finished product is acquired after activated carbon decolorization and ethanol recrystallization. The method of preparing ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate can also be used as a reference. HOC6H4COOH + C3H7OH [H2SO4] → HOC6H4COOC3H7 + H2O Chemical Properties White or almost white, crystalline powder. Chemical Properties Propylparaben occurs as a white, crystalline, odorless, and tasteless powder. Chemical Properties Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate is almost odorless. Uses propylparaben is one of the most frequently used preservatives against bacteria and mold. It has a low sensitizing and low toxicity factor, is reputed to be very safe, and considered to be a noncomedogenic raw material. Uses An antimicrobial Uses Pharmaceutic aid (antifungal). Antimicrobial preservative in foods and cosmetics. Definition ChEBI: The benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Propylparaben is a Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Propyl paraben is also used as a food additive. Production Methods Propylparaben is prepared by the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with n-propanol. Preparation Produced by esterfying p-hydroxybenzoic acid with n-propanol, using an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid and an excess of propanol. The materials are heated in a glass-lined reactor under reflux. The acid is then neutralized with caustic soda and the product is crystallized by cooling. The crystallized product is centrifuged, washed, dried under vacuum, milled and blended, all in corrosion-resistant equipment to avoid metallic contamination. Aroma threshold values Detection: 20 ppb General Description Colorless crystals or white powder or chunky white solid. Melting point 95-98°C. Odorless or faint aromatic odor. Propylparaben has low toxicity and it is Tasteless (numbs the tongue). pH: 6.5-7.0 (slightly acidic) in solution. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble [Hawley]. Reactivity Profile Maximum stability of Propylparaben occurs at a pH of 4 to 5. Incompatible with alkalis and iron salts. Also incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids . Fire Hazard Flash point data for Propylparaben are not available; however, Propylparaben is probably combustible. Pharmaceutical Applications Propylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceutical formulations. It may be used alone, in combination with other paraben esters, or with other antimicrobial agents. It is one of the most frequently used preservatives in cosmetics. The parabens are effective over a wide pH range and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, although they are most effective against yeasts and molds. Owing to the poor solubility of the parabens, the paraben salts, particularly the sodium salt, are frequently used in formulations. This may cause the pH of poorly buffered formulations to become more alkaline. Propylparaben (0.02% w/v) together with methylparaben (0.18% w/v) has been used for the preservation of various parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. Contact allergens This substance is one of the parabens family. Parabens are esters formed by p-hydroxybenzoic acid and an alcohol. They are largely used as biocides in cosmetics and toiletries, medicaments, or food. They have synergistic power with other biocides. Parabens can induce allergic contact dermatitis, mainly in chronic dermatitis and wounded skin. Safety Propylparaben and other parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics, food products, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations. Propylparaben and methylparaben have been used as preservatives in injections and ophthalmic preparations; however, they are now generally regarded as being unsuitable for these types of formulations owing to the irritant potential of the parabens. Systemically, no adverse reactions to parabens have been reported, although they have been associated with hypersensitivity reactions. The WHO has set an estimated acceptable total daily intake for methyl, ethyl, and propyl parabens at up to 10 mg/kg body-weight. LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.2 g/kg LD50 (mouse, oral): 6.33 g/kg LD50 (mouse, SC): 1.65 g/kg storage Aqueous propylparaben solutions at pH 3–6 can be sterilized by autoclaving, without decomposition. At pH 3–6, aqueous solutions are stable (less than 10% decomposition) for up to about 4 years at room temperature, while solutions at pH 8 or above are subject to rapid hydrolysis (10% or more after about 60 days at room temperature). Incompatibilities The antimicrobial activity of propylparaben is reduced considerably in the presence of nonionic surfactants as a result of micellization. Absorption of propylparaben by plastics has been reported, with the amount absorbed dependent upon the type of plastic and the vehicle. Magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium trisilicate, yellow iron oxide, and ultramarine blue have also been reported to absorb propylparaben, thereby reducing preservative efficacy. Propylparaben is discolored in the presence of iron and is subject to hydrolysis by weak alkalis and strong acids.

2-Butoxy ethanol; Butyl cellosolve; Dowanol EB; Butyl oxitol; Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether; n-Butyl Cellosolve; Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether; butoxyethanol; Beta-butoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol butyl ether; n-butoxyethanol; 2-butoxy-1-ethanol; o-butyl ethylene glycol; glycol ether eb acetate; monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol; monobutyl glycol ether; 3-oxa-1-heptanol; poly-solv eb; 2-n-Butoxyethanol; 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol; -Butossi-etanolo (Italian); 2-Butoxy-aethanol (GERMAN); Butoksyetylowy alkohol (Polish); Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol (Spanish); Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol (French); cas no: 111-76-2

Proteases are also involved in various cellular processes, such as the regulation of protein activity, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Proteases are classified into different types based on their catalytic mechanisms.
Protease produced by submerged fermentation of a selected strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

CAS Number: 37259-58-8
EINECS Number: 253-431-3

Serine proteinase, 37259-58-8, Serine endopeptidase, Serine esterase, Serine peptidase, Serine protease, Seryl protease, Tryase, Proteinase, serine, Caldolase, Cerastobin, Clp proteinase, EINECS 253-431-3, alpha-Fibrinogenase, Maxacal, Porzyme 6, Proteinase T, Serine Proteases

Proteases can be found in all forms of life and viruses.
They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.
Proteases were first grouped into 84 families according to their evolutionary relationship in 1993, and classified under four catalytic types: serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metalloproteases.

A protease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins.
These enzymes play a crucial role in the digestion of proteins in organisms, breaking them down into smaller peptides or individual amino acids.
The major classes include serine proteases, cysteine proteases, aspartic proteases, metalloproteases, and threonine proteases.

Each class of protease has distinct properties and is involved in specific biological processes.
Secretion of protease by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can be inhibited by treatment with the fatty acid synthetase inhibitor cerulenin.
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products.

They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds.
Proteases are involved in numerous biological pathways, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling.
In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years.

The threonine and glutamic proteases were not described until 1995 and 2004 respectively.
The mechanism used to cleave a peptide bond involves making an amino acid residue that has the cysteine and threonine (proteases) or a water molecule (aspartic, glutamic and metalloproteases) nucleophilic so that it can attack the peptide carbonyl group.
One way to make a nucleophile is by a catalytic triad, where a histidine residue is used to activate serine, cysteine, or threonine as a nucleophile.

This is not an evolutionary grouping, however, as the nucleophile types have evolved convergently in different superfamilies, and some superfamilies show divergent evolution to multiple different nucleophiles.
Metalloproteases, aspartic, and glutamic proteases utilize their active site residues to activate a water molecule, which then attacks the scissile bond.
Protease can be highly promiscuous such that a wide range of protein substrates are hydrolyzed.

This is the case for digestive enzymes such as trypsin, which have to be able to cleave the array of proteins ingested into smaller peptide fragments.
Promiscuous proteases typically bind to a single amino acid on the substrate and so only have specificity for that residue.
For example, trypsin is specific for the sequences.

Conversely some proteases are highly specific and only cleave substrates with a certain sequence.
Blood clotting (such as thrombin) and viral polyprotein processing (such as TEV protease) requires this level of specificity in order to achieve precise cleavage events.
Protease are enzymes that break down protein.

These enzymes are made by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.
Protease break down proteins in the body or on the skin.
This might help with digestion or with the breakdown of proteins involved in swelling and pain.

Some Proteases that may be found in supplements include bromelain, chymotrypsin, ficin, papain, serrapeptase, and trypsin.
Protease, as also called peptidases or proteinases, are enzymes that perform proteolysis.
Protease is one of the most important biological reactions.

Protease activity has been attributed to a class of enzymes called proteases.
These enzymes are of wide distribution, and they perform significant biological processes.
Proteases have evolved to perform these reactions by numerous different mechanisms and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.

Proteases are found in animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, and viruses.
Proteases are involved in protein processing, regulation of protein function, apoptosis, viral pathogenesis, digestion, photosynthesis, and numerous other vital processes.
Proteases mechanism of action classifies them as either serine, cysteine or threonine proteases (amino-terminal nucleophile hydrolases), or as aspartic, metallo and glutamic proteases (with glutamic proteases being the only subtype not found in mammals so far).

Protease of peptide bonds is recognized as an essential and ubiquitous mechanism for the regulation of a myriad of physiological processes.
Four main classes of proteolytic enzymes have been routinely utilized to describe proteases.
The serine proteases are probably the best characterized.

This class of proteases includes trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase.
The cysteine protease class includes papain, calpain and lysosomal cathepsins.
Aspartic proteases include pepsin and rennin.

Metallo-proteases include thermolysin and carboxypeptidase A.
Protease are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.
Protease serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site.

They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Protease fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like
Protease is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide bonds.

According to the manner in which the polypeptide is hydrolyzed, it can be divided into two types, an endopeptidase and an exopeptidase.
The endopeptidase cleaves the inside of the protein molecule to form a small molecular peptide.
The exopeptidase hydrolyzes the peptide bond one by one from the terminal of the free amino group or carboxyl group of the protein molecule, and the amino acid is released, the former being an aminopeptidase and the latter being a carboxypeptidase.

Protease can be further divided into serine protease, thiol protease, metallo proteinase and aspartic protease according to its active center.
According to the optimum pH value of the reaction, it is divided into acid protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease.
Protease is used in industrial production, mainly endopeptidase.

Proteases are widely found in animal viscera, plant stems, leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeasts and actinomycetes.
Proteases have many types, and important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain, and subtilisin.
Protease has strict selectivity for the reaction substrate to be applied.

Proteases can only act on certain peptide bonds in the protein molecules, such as peptide bonds formed by trypsin catalyzed hydrolysis of basic amino acids.
Protease is a widely distributed protein, and is especially abundant in the digestive tract of humans and animals.
Due to the limited resources of animals and plants, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae.

Proteases are a class of proteins that break down other proteins.
They are also called proteolytic enzymes.
Proteases are classified by the amino acids or ligands that catalyze the hydrolysis reaction.

For example, Protease contain a serine in the active site.
The Protease is helped by a neighboring histidine and aspartic acid.
This combination is called the catalytic triad, and is conserved in all serine proteases.

Proteases work in a two step fashion; first, they form a covalent bond with the protein to be cleaved; in the second step, water comes in and releases the second half of the cleaved protein.
Proteases use cysteine as a nucleophile just like serine proteases use serine as a nucleophile.
Protease include a number of digestive enzymes, including Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and Elastase.

While they all contain the same three amino acids that work together to catalyze the reaction, called the catalytic triad, they differ in where they cleave proteins.
This specificity is due to a binding pocket that contains different functional groups.
Chymotrypsin prefers a large hydrophobic residue; its pocket is large and contains hydrophobic residues.

In this representation of the binding pocket, the hydrophobic phenylalanine of the substrate is shown in green, and the hydrophobicity of the surrounding amino acids is shown by grey (hydrophobic) or purple (hydrophilic) balls.
Protease is specific for positively charged residues like lysine, and contains a negative amino acid, aspartic acid, at the bottom of the pocket.
Protease prefers a small neutral residue; it has a very small pocket.

Protease include enzymes that have a role in regulating cellular processes such as caspases and deubiquitinase.
Caspases hydrolyze proteins during apoptosis.
Proteases play a role in regulating protein degradation, e.g. Cdu1 from Chlamydia.

Another class of protease is aspartate proteases.
This family includes HIV protease.
HIV produces its proteins as one long chain; HIV protease cleaves the long protein into functional units.

Because it cleaves long proteins, it has a tunnel to accommodate the long peptide substrate, and the top "flaps" of the protein can open and closeto allow the substrate in and products out.
Aspartate proteases include two aspartate residues in the active site, which increase the reactivity of an active site water molecule to directly cleave the substrate protein.
A third class of proteases are metalloproteases such as carboxypeptidase.

Carboxypeptidases remove the C terminal amino acids from proteins.
The active site contains zinc , which is bound to the protein through interactions with histidine (H), serine (S) aspartic acid (E) residues.
Proteolytic enzymes (proteases) are enzymes your pancreas makes to break down protein from diet into amino acids, which are used for growth and tissue repair.

These enzymes may also reduce inflammation and support immune function, though more research is needed.
Proteases (also called Proteolytic Enzymes, Peptidases, or Proteinases) are enzymes that hydrolyze the amide bonds within proteins or peptides.
Most proteases act in a specific manner, hydrolyzing bonds at or adjacent to specific residues or a specific sequence of residues contained within the substrate protein or peptide.

Proteases play an important role in most diseases and biological processes including prenatal and postnatal development, reproduction, signal transduction, the immune response, various autoimmune and degenerative diseases, and cancer.
They are also an important research tool, frequently used in the analysis and production of proteins.
Proteases have been called biology’s version of Swiss army knives, able to cut long sequences of proteins into fragments.

A protease is an enzyme that breaks the long, chainlike molecules of proteins so they can be digested.
This process is called proteolysis, and it turns protein molecules into shorter fragments, called peptides, and eventually into their components, called amino acids.
Proteins start as a tough, complex, folded structure, and they can only be broken down or disassembled with protease enzymes.

The process of digesting proteins starts in the stomach, where hydrochloric acid unfolds the proteins and the enzyme pepsin begins to disassemble them.
The pancreas releases protease enzymes (primarily trypsin), and in the intestines, they break protein chains apart into smaller pieces.
Then enzymes on the surface and inside of intestinal cells break the pieces down even further, so they become amino acids that are ready for use throughout the body.

When these protease enzymes aren’t present in the body to break down protein molecules, the intestinal lining would not be able to digest them, which can lead to some serious health issues.
Proteases are produced by the pancreas, and they are also found in some fruits, bacteria and other microbes.
The digestive tract produces three different forms of protease in digestive tracts: trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase.

These three proteases attack different peptide linkages to allow for the generation of amino acids, the building blocks of protein.
Protease enzymes are often classified based on their origins.
Some proteases are produced in bodies, some come from plants and others have a microbial origin.

Different types of proteases have different biological processes and mechanisms.
Proteases are enzymes that specialize in the cleavage of peptide bonds.
Their activities may be relatively indiscriminate, breaking polypeptides down to their basic elements, or exquisitely precise, cleaving a substrate at a specific residue to alter protein activity.

These illustrations highlight scientific concepts that rely on proteolytic activity and emphasize the importance of proteases in some of the most studied areas of cell biology.
These enzymes contain a serine residue in their active site and play crucial roles in digestion (e.g., trypsin, chymotrypsin) and blood clotting (e.g., thrombin).
Enzymes with a cysteine residue in their active site, involved in various cellular processes, including apoptosis. Examples include caspases.

These enzymes use an aspartate residue in their active site and are involved in digestion (e.g., pepsin) and some viral processing.
Metal ions, typically zinc, are essential for the catalytic activity of these enzymes.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an example, involved in tissue remodeling and wound healing.

These proteases have a threonine residue in their active site and are found in certain microorganisms.
In the digestive system, proteases break down dietary proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, facilitating their absorption in the small intestine.
Proteases are involved in regulating various cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and signal transduction.

Some proteases are responsible for activating or inactivating proteins by cleaving specific peptide bonds.
Proteases participate in immune responses by degrading foreign proteins, such as those from pathogens.
Proteases are used in laundry detergents and cleaning products to break down protein-based stains.

Proteases can be employed to cleave specific peptide tags used in recombinant protein production, aiding in the purification of the target protein.
Protease inhibitors and activators are used in drug development for various medical conditions, including HIV, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Proteases are essential tools in molecular biology for protein analysis, structure-function studies, and manipulation of proteins.

storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 5-20 mg/mL
form: powder
color: white

A seventh catalytic type of proteolytic enzymes, asparagine peptide lyase, was described in 2011.
Its proteolytic mechanism is unusual since, rather than hydrolysis, it performs an elimination reaction.
During this reaction, the catalytic asparagine forms a cyclic chemical structure that cleaves itself at asparagine residues in proteins under the right conditions.

Given its fundamentally different mechanism, its inclusion as a peptidase may be debatable.
An up-to-date classification of protease evolutionary superfamilies is found in the MEROPS database.
In this database, proteases are classified firstly by 'clan' (superfamily) based on structure, mechanism and catalytic residue order (e.g. the PA clan where P indicates a mixture of nucleophile families).

Within each 'clan', proteases are classified into families based on sequence similarity (e.g. the S1 and C3 families within the PA clan).
Each family may contain many hundreds of related proteases (e.g. trypsin, elastase, thrombin and streptogrisin within the S1 family).
Proteases, being themselves proteins, are cleaved by other protease molecules, sometimes of the same variety.

This acts as a method of regulation of protease activity.
Some proteases are less active after autolysis (e.g. TEV protease) whilst others are more active (e.g. trypsinogen).
In the human digestive system, proteases like pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin break down dietary proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, facilitating their absorption in the small intestine.

Proteases are commonly used in laundry detergents and cleaning products for their ability to break down protein-based stains.
This is particularly effective in removing stains like blood, grass, and food.
Proteases can be used to tenderize meat by breaking down collagen and connective tissues.

Proteases contribute to the development of flavors in certain food products by breaking down proteins into smaller, more palatable fragments.
Dairy Processing: Proteases are used in cheese production to modify texture and flavor.
Proteases play a crucial role in protein purification.

They are used to cleave fusion tags from recombinant proteins, facilitating their isolation and purification.
Protease inhibitors are important in drug development, especially in the treatment of diseases where protease activity needs to be modulated.
For example, protease inhibitors are used in the treatment of HIV.

Researchers modify and engineer proteases for specific applications.
This may involve altering their substrate specificity, stability, or other properties to suit industrial or therapeutic purposes.
Proteases are valuable tools in molecular biology and biochemistry research.

Techniques such as limited proteolysis are used to study protein structure, function, and interactions.
Certain proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), play a role in tissue remodeling.
Understanding and controlling protease activity is important in applications related to wound healing and tissue engineering.

Some proteases are used as diagnostic tools.
For example, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protease used as a biomarker for prostate cancer.
Proteases are used in bioremediation processes to degrade proteins present in organic waste.

This can be useful in environmental cleanup efforts.
Proteases are sometimes used in cosmetics for exfoliation purposes.
They can help remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture.

Proteases occur in all organisms, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to virus.
These enzymes are involved in a multitude of physiological reactions from simple digestion of food proteins to highly regulated cascades (e.g., the blood-clotting cascade, the complement system, apoptosis pathways, and the invertebrate prophenoloxidase-activating cascade).
Proteases can either break specific peptide bonds (limited proteolysis), depending on the amino acid sequence of a protein, or completely break down a peptide to amino acids (unlimited proteolysis).

The activity can be a destructive change (abolishing a protein's function or digesting it to its principal components), it can be an activation of a function, or it can be a signal in a signalling pathway.
Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes.
Acid proteases secreted into the stomach (such as pepsin) and serine proteases present in the duodenum (trypsin and chymotrypsin) enable us to digest the protein in food.

Proteases present in blood serum (thrombin, plasmin, Hageman factor, etc.) play an important role in blood-clotting, as well as lysis of the clots, and the correct action of the immune system.
Other proteases are present in leukocytes (elastase, cathepsin G) and play several different roles in metabolic control.
Some snake venoms are also proteases, such as pit viper haemotoxin and interfere with the victim's blood clotting cascade.

Proteases determine the lifetime of other proteins playing important physiological roles like hormones, antibodies, or other enzymes.
This is one of the fastest "switching on" and "switching off" regulatory mechanisms in the physiology of an organism.
Bacteria secrete proteases to hydrolyse the peptide bonds in proteins and therefore break the proteins down into their constituent amino acids.

Bacterial and fungal proteases are particularly important to the global carbon and nitrogen cycles in the recycling of proteins, and such activity tends to be regulated by nutritional signals in these organisms.
The net impact of nutritional regulation of protease activity among the thousands of species present in soil can be observed at the overall microbial community level as proteins are broken down in response to carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur limitation.
The genomes of some viruses encode one massive polyprotein, which needs a protease to cleave this into functional units (e.g. the hepatitis C virus and the picornaviruses).

These proteases (e.g. TEV protease) have high specificity and only cleave a very restricted set of substrate sequences.
They are therefore a common target for protease inhibitors.
Cells often produce protease inhibitors to regulate the activity of proteases.

These inhibitors bind to proteases and prevent them from catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
This regulation is crucial for maintaining a balance in cellular processes.
Altered activity of proteases is associated with cancer progression.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), for example, are implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis.
Proteases, such as proteasomes, are involved in the clearance of misfolded proteins.
Dysregulation of proteases has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Proteasomes are large protein complexes responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins in the cell.
They play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the concentration of specific proteins.
In the context of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, protease inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral drugs.

They block the activity of the HIV protease enzyme, preventing the virus from producing infectious particles.
Scientists engage in protease engineering to modify and optimize proteases for specific applications.
This involves altering their substrate specificity, stability, or other properties for industrial or therapeutic purposes.

Researchers use proteases as tools in the lab to study protein structure and function.
Techniques like limited proteolysis involve treating proteins with proteases to identify structural domains or determine conformational changes.
Proteases are employed in the food industry for various purposes.

For example, they can be used in the production of certain foods to enhance flavor or texture.
Additionally, proteases play a role in the tenderization of meat.
Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, play a central role in the process of apoptosis.

They cleave specific proteins, leading to the controlled dismantling of the cell.
Proteases are targets for drug discovery.
Developing drugs that specifically inhibit or activate certain proteases can have therapeutic implications, especially in conditions where protease dysregulation is involved.

The activity of proteases is inhibited by protease inhibitors.
One example of protease inhibitors is the serpin superfamily.
Protease includes alpha 1-antitrypsin (which protects the body from excessive effects of its own inflammatory proteases), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (which does likewise), C1-inhibitor (which protects the body from excessive protease-triggered activation of its own complement system), antithrombin (which protects the body from excessive coagulation), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (which protects the body from inadequate coagulation by blocking protease-triggered fibrinolysis), and neuroserpin.

Natural protease inhibitors include the family of lipocalin proteins, which play a role in cell regulation and differentiation.
Lipophilic ligands, attached to lipocalin proteins, have been found to possess tumor protease inhibiting properties.
The natural protease inhibitors are not to be confused with the protease inhibitors used in antiretroviral therapy.

Some viruses, with HIV/AIDS among them, depend on proteases in their reproductive cycle.
Thus, protease inhibitors are developed as antiviral therapeutic agents.
Other natural protease inhibitors are used as defense mechanisms.

Common examples are the trypsin inhibitors found in the seeds of some plants, most notable for humans being soybeans, a major food crop, where they act to discourage predators.
Raw soybeans are toxic to many animals, including humans, until the protease inhibitors they contain have been denatured.
Proteolytic enzymes are essential for many important processes in your body.

They’re also called peptidases, proteases or proteinases.
In the human body, they are produced by the pancreas and stomach.
While proteolytic enzymes are most commonly known for their role in the digestion of dietary protein, they perform many other critical jobs as well.

For example, they are essential for cell division, blood clotting, immune function and protein recycling, among other vital processes (1Trusted Source).
Like humans, plants also depend on proteolytic enzymes throughout their life cycles.
Not only are these enzymes necessary for the proper growth and development of plants, they also help keep them healthy by acting as a defense mechanism against pests like insects.

Interestingly, people can benefit from ingesting plant-derived proteolytic enzymes.
As a result, proteolytic enzyme supplements may contain both animal- and plant-derived enzymes.
Proteases (both endo- and exo- types with no systemic name) are enzymes that are commercially derived from the fungus, Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus niger, via a fermentation process.

During the recovery phase of production, manufacturers destroy the starting fungi, A. oryzae or A. niger, before removing the non-proteinaceous material away from the protease preparation.
Proteases are recovered from the fermentation broth in an aqueous solution and then processed to a dried state.

Uses:
Protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been used for the unhairing of hides and skins.
Protease has also been used in a study to investigate peptide bond formation using the carbamoylmethyl ester as the acyl donor.
The field of protease research is enormous.

Since 2004, approximately 8000 papers related to this field were published each year.
Proteases are used in industry, medicine and as a basic biological research tool.
Proteases can be used to disrupt biofilms, which are communities of microorganisms encased in a protective matrix.

Breaking down the biofilm matrix helps in combating bacterial infections.
Researchers are exploring the use of proteases for targeted cancer therapies.
Proteases can be designed to selectively activate prodrugs in cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

Protease inhibitors are being investigated for use in agriculture to protect crops from pests.
These inhibitors interfere with the digestive processes of certain insects, offering a potential eco-friendly pest control strategy.
Proteases are used in skincare products for their exfoliating properties.

They help remove dead skin cells, promoting skin renewal and potentially reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Proteases are incorporated into biosensors for detecting specific biomolecules.
The changes in fluorescence or other properties resulting from protease activity can be used as signals for the presence of certain substances.

Proteases are employed in biocatalytic processes for organic synthesis.
They can catalyze specific reactions with high selectivity, providing environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional chemical methods.
Certain proteases are explored as biopesticides to control insect pests in agriculture.

These proteases can disrupt insect digestive processes, leading to reduced feeding and growth.
Proteases associated with tumor development and progression can be targeted for imaging purposes.
Protease-activated imaging agents can provide insights into the presence and activity of proteases in cancerous tissues.

Proteases and their substrates are investigated as potential biomarkers for various diseases.
Detection of specific protease activity patterns may aid in early disease diagnosis.
Understanding individual variations in protease activity may contribute to the development of personalized medicine.

Tailoring treatments based on protease profiles could enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Proteases are being explored for environmental monitoring, particularly in assessing water quality.
Changes in protease activity can indicate contamination or changes in microbial communities.

Digestive proteases are part of many laundry detergents and are also used extensively in the bread industry in bread improver.
A variety of proteases are used medically both for their native function (e.g. controlling blood clotting) or for completely artificial functions (e.g. for the targeted degradation of pathogenic proteins).

Highly specific proteases such as TEV protease and thrombin are commonly used to cleave fusion proteins and affinity tags in a controlled fashion.
Protease-containing plant-solutions called vegetarian rennet have been in use for hundreds of years in Europe and the Middle East for making kosher and halal Cheeses.
Vegetarian rennet from Withania coagulans has been in use for thousands of years as a Ayurvedic remedy for digestion and diabetes in the Indian subcontinent.

Protease is also used to make Paneer.
Proteases are utilized in the textile industry for processes such as desizing and finishing.
They help remove unwanted fibers and improve the texture and appearance of fabrics.

Proteases can be employed in the production of biofuels.
They assist in the breakdown of plant cell walls, releasing sugars that can be fermented into biofuels.
Proteases are used in the leather industry to aid in the dehairing and softening of hides during leather processing.

Proteases can be used in the food industry to modify the properties of certain foods, such as enhancing the solubility of proteins in beverages or improving the texture of baked goods.
Some proteases, like thrombin, are used in medicine as anti-clotting agents.
They are employed in anticoagulant therapies to prevent abnormal blood clot formation.

Proteases are used to hydrolyze proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, contributing to the development of savory flavors in processed foods.
Proteases can be applied in the pulp and paper industry to modify the characteristics of paper pulp, leading to improved paper quality.
Inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, involve excessive protease activity.

Therapies aimed at modulating protease activity are being explored for potential treatment options.
Proteases are used in fish feed formulations to improve the digestibility of proteins, promoting better growth and health in farmed fish.
Proteases are being investigated for their potential use in decontaminating surfaces exposed to biological warfare agents.

They can break down proteins in these agents, rendering them harmless.
Proteases are employed in various biochemical assays and tests to study enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity, and other aspects of enzymatic reactions.
Proteases are commonly used in laundry detergents and stain removers.

They help break down protein-based stains, such as blood, grass, and food, making them easier to wash away.
Meat Tenderization: Proteases are used to tenderize meat by breaking down collagen and connective tissues, improving the texture of the meat.
Proteases are employed in cheese production to modify texture and flavor.

In brewing, proteases can be used to break down proteins that might cause haze in beer. In baking, they can improve the texture of dough.
Proteases are used in biotechnology for protein purification.
They can be employed to cleave fusion tags from recombinant proteins, facilitating the isolation and purification of the desired protein.

Protease inhibitors are essential in drug development.
For example, protease inhibitors are used in the treatment of HIV by inhibiting the viral protease, preventing the maturation of new virus particles.
Proteases may be used in enzyme replacement therapies for individuals with certain genetic disorders that result in deficient protease activity.

Proteases are valuable tools in molecular biology research.
Techniques such as limited proteolysis are used to study protein structure, function, and interactions.
Proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), play a role in tissue remodeling.

Understanding and controlling protease activity is important in applications related to wound healing and tissue engineering.
Some proteases, like the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), are used as diagnostic biomarkers for certain medical conditions, such as prostate cancer.
Proteases are used in bioremediation processes to degrade proteins present in organic waste, contributing to environmental cleanup efforts.

Proteases are sometimes used in cosmetics for exfoliation purposes.
They can help remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture.
In certain medical conditions, enzyme replacement therapy involving proteases may be used to supplement deficient or missing enzyme activity in the body.

Safety Profile:
Proteases can be irritating to the skin and eyes, particularly at higher concentrations.
Direct contact with protease-containing solutions may lead to redness, itching, or irritation.
Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used when handling these enzymes.

Inhalation of protease-containing dust or aerosols may lead to respiratory sensitization in some individuals.
Adequate ventilation and respiratory protection may be necessary in situations where aerosols are generated.
Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to proteases.

Sensitization to these enzymes can occur through repeated exposure, and individuals with a history of allergies or asthma may be more susceptible.
Ingestion of proteases can lead to irritation and sensitization in the gastrointestinal tract.
This is relevant in industries where workers may be exposed to protease-containing substances.

Workers in industries such as biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and food processing may face occupational exposure to proteases.
Proper safety measures, including training, PPE, and engineering controls, should be implemented to minimize risks.
In some applications, such as biocatalysis or protein engineering, proteases may be used to catalyze specific reactions.

Protectol PE is a versatile organic chemical compound used in various industrial applications.
Protectol PE is classified as a glycol ether and is known for its slow evaporation rate, making it valuable in formulations that require extended action.
Protectol PE is widely recognized for its high purity, low odor, and minimal color, making it suitable for applications where quality is paramount.
With a chemical formula of C8H10O2, Protectol PE has a molecular weight of approximately 138.16 grams per mole.

CAS Number: 122-99-6
EC Number: 204-589-7



APPLICATIONS



Protectol PE has a wide range of applications across various industries due to its versatile properties.
Here are some of its primary applications:

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products:
Protectol PE is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care items such as skincare products, lotions, shampoos, and cosmetics to extend their shelf life and prevent microbial contamination.

Pharmaceuticals:
Protectol PE is utilized as a preservative in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, including medications, ointments, and vaccines, to maintain their safety and efficacy.

Paints and Coatings:
In the paint and coatings industry, Protectol PE serves as a coalescing agent, promoting the proper fusion of paint particles and ensuring a smooth, durable finish.

Inks and Dyes:
Protectol PE is used as a solvent and stabilizer in the production of inks, dyes, and printing materials, aiding in the dispersion of colorants and maintaining consistency.

Organic Synthesis:
Protectol PE finds applications in various chemical synthesis reactions, contributing to the creation of different chemical compounds and intermediates.

Insect Repellents:
Protectol PE is used as an active ingredient in certain insect repellent formulations to help deter insects and pests.

Fixative in Perfumes:
Protectol PE acts as a fixative in perfumes and fragrances, helping to maintain the scent's stability over time.

Vaccine Stabilization:
Protectol PE is employed as a stabilizer in some vaccine formulations to ensure the integrity and effectiveness of the vaccines.

Dermatological Products:
Due to its skin-friendly properties, Protectol PE is included in dermatological products such as skin creams, lotions, and sunscreens.

Preservation in Food and Beverages:
In the food and beverage industry, it may be used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of certain products.

Industrial Processes:
Protectol PE's slow evaporation rate makes it valuable in industrial processes that require extended exposure and contact times.

Cleaning and Sanitization:
Protectol PE is utilized in cleaning and sanitization products for institutional and industrial applications.

Hygiene and Disinfection:
Protectol PE may find use in food service establishments, kitchens, and other environments where hygiene and disinfection are essential.

Paint Industry Additive:
In addition to its role as a coalescing agent, Protectol PE may be added to paints as a stabilizer and anti-freeze agent.

Preservative in Biocides:
Protectol PE can be used as a preservative in biocidal products designed to control the growth of harmful microorganisms.

Laboratory and Research:
Protectol PE is used in laboratories as a preservative for certain solutions and reagents.

Cosmetics and Personal Care:
Protectol PE is a common preservative in cosmetics and personal care products, including creams, lotions, makeup, and haircare items, ensuring their safety and longevity.

Skincare Formulations:
Protectol PE is used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging creams to prevent bacterial and fungal growth.

Shampoos and Conditioners:
In haircare products like shampoos and conditioners, it extends their shelf life and maintains their quality.

Perfumes and Fragrances:
Protectol PE acts as a fixative in perfumes, preserving the fragrance's scent over time.

Liquid Soaps and Body Washes:
Protectol PE is employed in liquid soaps and body washes to protect against microbial contamination.

Sunscreen Products:
Protectol PE is added to sunscreens to ensure their stability and safety, especially important in protecting against UV rays.

Topical Medications:
In topical pharmaceutical formulations, such as creams, ointments, and gels, it serves as a preservative to maintain their effectiveness and reduce the risk of contamination.

Oral Medications:
Protectol PE is used as a preservative in oral medications, helping prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms.

Vaccines:
Protectol PE stabilizes vaccine formulations, ensuring the integrity and potency of vaccines.

Paints and Coatings:
Protectol PE acts as a coalescing agent in paint formulations, promoting particle fusion and enhancing finish quality.

Inks and Printing:
Protectol PE is used as a solvent and stabilizer in inks and printing materials, ensuring consistent color dispersion.

Chemical Synthesis:
Protectol PE is utilized in organic synthesis reactions, contributing to the production of various chemical compounds.

Insect Repellents:
Protectol PE serves as an active ingredient in insect repellent products, helping deter insects and pests.

Industrial Processes:
Protectol PE's slow evaporation rate is valuable in industrial processes that require extended exposure and contact times.

Food Preservation:
In some food products, it acts as a preservative to extend shelf life and maintain freshness.

Beverage Industry:
Protectol PE may be used to preserve certain beverages, ensuring their microbiological safety.

Hygiene Products:
Protectol PE is included in hygiene and disinfection products for institutional and industrial applications.

Cleaning Solutions:
Protectol PE is used in cleaning solutions, contributing to their effectiveness in removing contaminants and germs.

Laboratory Reagents:
In laboratories, Protectol PE serves as a preservative for solutions and reagents, preventing contamination.

Biocides:
Protectol PE can be used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in biocidal products designed to control microorganism growth.

Textile Industry:
In the textile industry, it may be added to fabric treatments to provide antimicrobial properties.

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing:
Protectol PE plays a role in the production of pharmaceuticals, ensuring the sterility and stability of drug formulations.

Dental Products:
Protectol PE can be found in dental products such as mouthwashes, contributing to their microbial safety.

Hair Dyes:
In hair dye formulations, it helps maintain product integrity and microbial safety.

Hand Sanitizers:
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been added to hand sanitizers as a preservative and antimicrobial agent.

Baby Care Products:
Protectol PE is used in baby care items such as baby wipes, lotions, and diaper creams to ensure their safety and longevity.

Pet Grooming Products:
Protectol PE can be found in pet grooming products, including shampoos and conditioners, to protect against microbial contamination.

Surface Disinfectants:
Protectol PE is used in household and industrial surface disinfectants to provide effective cleaning and disinfection.

Mouthwash and Oral Care:
In mouthwash and oral care products, it acts as a preservative to maintain freshness and microbial safety.

Eye Drops and Contact Lens Solutions:
Protectol PE is utilized in eye drops and contact lens solutions to prevent contamination and ensure ocular safety.

Sunscreens and SPF Products:
Protectol PE contributes to the stability of sunscreens and SPF products, essential for sun protection.

Nail Polishes and Removers:
Protectol PE is included in nail polishes and nail polish removers to preserve their quality.

Hair Color Products:
In hair color formulations, it helps maintain color stability and prevent microbial growth.

Hand Lotions and Creams:
Protectol PE can be found in hand lotions and creams, ensuring their safety and long shelf life.

Liquid Foundation and Makeup:
In liquid foundation and makeup products, Protectol PE serves as a preservative to prevent spoilage.

Deodorants and Antiperspirants:
Protectol PE is used in deodorants and antiperspirants for its antimicrobial properties.

Wet Wipes and Towelettes:
Protectol PE is employed in wet wipes and towelettes for cleansing and disinfecting purposes.

Shaving Creams and Gels:
Protectol PE ensures the safety and quality of shaving creams and gels.

Hand Soaps and Sanitizers:
In hand soaps and sanitizers, it serves as a preservative and antimicrobial agent.

Air Fresheners:
Protectol PE can be used in air fresheners to maintain product stability.

Feminine Hygiene Products:
Protectol PE contributes to the safety and longevity of feminine hygiene products.

Pet Shampoos and Conditioners:
In pet grooming products, it ensures the cleanliness and safety of pets.

Foot Creams and Lotions:
Protectol PE is used in foot care products for its preservative properties.

Tattoo Aftercare Products:
Protectol PE helps protect tattoo aftercare products from contamination.

Liquid Bandages:
In liquid bandage formulations, it aids in product preservation and microbial safety.

Medicated Topical Creams:
Protectol PE is found in medicated topical creams, providing stability and safety.

Eyelash Serums and Growth Products:
In eyelash serums and growth products, it extends the shelf life and maintains product quality.

Natural and Organic Cosmetics:
Even in natural and organic cosmetics, it may be used as a preservative to ensure product safety.

Aftershaves:
Protectol PE contributes to the safety and quality of aftershave products.

Hair Serums and Leave-In Conditioners:
In hair care products like serums and leave-in conditioners, it helps preserve product effectiveness and quality.



DESCRIPTION


Protectol PE, under the trade name Protectol PE, is a versatile organic chemical compound used in various industrial applications.
Protectol PE is classified as a glycol ether and is known for its slow evaporation rate, making it valuable in formulations that require extended action.
Protectol PE is widely recognized for its high purity, low odor, and minimal color, making it suitable for applications where quality is paramount.
With a chemical formula of C8H10O2, Protectol PE has a molecular weight of approximately 138.16 grams per mole.

Protectol PE is a clear, colorless, and oily liquid with a mild, characteristic odor.
Protectol PE is soluble in water, alcohols, and some organic solvents, enhancing its utility in a wide range of formulations.
Protectol PE is known for its excellent solubilizing properties, allowing it to dissolve various raw materials and active ingredients.
In cosmetic and skincare products, it serves as a fixative for fragrances, maintaining the scent's stability over time.

Due to its antimicrobial properties, Protectol PE is often used as a preservative in cosmetics, personal care items, and pharmaceuticals.
Protectol PE's preservative function helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms.

Protectol PE is also employed as a stabilizer in some vaccines, ensuring the integrity and effectiveness of the vaccine formulations.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Protectol PE is used as a preservative in various drug formulations, including oral and topical medications.

Its low toxicity and minimal ecotoxicity make it a safe choice for use in many consumer and industrial applications.
Protectol PE is commonly incorporated into dermatological products like skin creams and ointments due to its skin-friendly properties.
Protectol PE has moderate activity against a broad range of microorganisms, which is beneficial in preserving a wide variety of products.

As a slow-evaporating glycol ether, it is valued in industrial processes that require extended exposure and contact times.
Protectol PE is employed as a coalescing agent in paints, aiding in the fusion of paint particles and ensuring a smooth, durable finish.

Protectol PE's stability at normal processing temperatures makes it suitable for various manufacturing processes.
Protectol PE is often used in conjunction with other active ingredients to enhance the overall antimicrobial activity of a product.

Due to its solubility capabilities, it is readily incorporated into a variety of different formulations.
Protectol PE is utilized in the production of certain inks, resins, and dyes as a solvent and stabilizer.
Protectol PE finds applications in organic synthesis reactions, contributing to the creation of various chemical compounds.

In the field of insect repellents, it serves as an active ingredient in certain formulations.
Protectol PE's versatility and compatibility with diverse formulations make it a valuable component in several industries.
Overall, Protectol PE, as Protectol PE, plays essential roles in preservation, solubilization, and antimicrobial protection in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C8H10O2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 138.16 grams per mole
Appearance: Clear, colorless, and oily liquid
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
Melting Point: Approximately -25°C (-13°F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 155-156°C (311-313°F) at standard atmospheric pressure
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohols, and some organic solvents
Density: Approximately 1.11 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Flash Point: Approximately 155°C (311°F) in a closed cup
pH: Neutral (pH ~7)


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: Protectol PE is an organic chemical compound with a glycol ether structure.
Slow Evaporation: Protectol PE is known for its slow evaporation rate, making it suitable for formulations that require extended action.
Solvent Properties: It exhibits excellent solvent properties, allowing it to dissolve various raw materials and active ingredients.
Low Toxicity: Protectol PE is considered low in toxicity, making it safe for many applications.
Low Free Phenol Content: It has low levels of free phenol, contributing to its safety and environmental compatibility.
Ecotoxicity: Protectol PE is characterized by low ecotoxicity, indicating minimal harm to the environment.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Keep the person calm and at rest.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with mild soap and water.
If irritation, redness, or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.


Eye Contact:

If Protectol PE comes into contact with the eyes, rinse gently and thoroughly with lukewarm water, holding the eyelids open.
Continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation, redness, or pain persists, seek medical attention, and provide the medical personnel with product information.


Ingestion:

If Protectol PE is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
Provide the medical personnel with product information, including the safety data sheet if available.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety glasses or goggles, gloves, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.

Avoid Direct Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact and eye contact with Protectol PE.
Do not ingest or inhale the vapors.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water after handling Protectol PE.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the product.

Avoid Incompatible Materials:
Keep Protectol PE away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriate containers made of materials compatible with Protectol PE, such as glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Labeling:
Ensure containers are labeled with the product name, hazard information, and safety precautions.

Spill Response:
In the event of a spill, contain the spill and prevent further release into the environment.
Use absorbent materials, such as sand or vermiculite, to absorb and neutralize the spilled product.
Dispose of the waste in accordance with local regulations.


Storage:

Storage Location:
Store Protectol PE in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
Keep the product in a location where temperature fluctuations are minimal.

Temperature Control:
Store at or below room temperature, typically between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F), to maintain product stability.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent the buildup of vapors.

Containers:
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.

Separation:
Store Protectol PE away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents, to prevent chemical reactions.

Fire Prevention:
Store away from open flames, sparks, and ignition sources.
Ensure storage areas comply with fire safety regulations.

Labeling and Documentation:
Maintain proper labeling on containers, including hazard identification and safety data sheet (SDS) information.
Keep appropriate documentation on file, including SDS, emergency contact information, and handling instructions.

Security:
Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.

Spill Containment:
Have spill containment measures and cleanup materials readily available in case of accidental spills.

Regulatory Compliance:
Comply with all local, state, and national regulations regarding the handling and storage of chemicals.



SYNONYMS


2-Protectol PE
Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether
1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane
Phenoxyethyl Alcohol
Rose Ether
PhE
PE
Phenyl Cellosolve
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether
Glycol Monophenyl Ether
Euxyl K 400
Dowanol EP
Fenossietanolo
Phenoxetol
Euxyl K 400S
Dowanol EPH
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether Acetate
Fenossietanol
Glycol Ether EP
Glycol Ether EPH
Euxyl K 500
Dowanol EPH-A
Euxyl K 100
Hydroxyethoxyphenyl Ether
Phenyl Glycol Ether
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl
Phenoxyethyl Hydroxide
Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether Acetate
Beta-Phenoxyethyl Alcohol
Glycol Monophenyl Ether Acetate
Protectol PE Anhydrous
Phenoxethol
Phenoxetole
Ethylene Glycol Ether Phenyl
2-Hydroxyethyl Phenyl Ether
2-Phenoxyethyl Hydroxide
Monophenyl Glycol Ether
Phenylglycol
1-Phenoxy-2-hydroxyethane
Protectol PE, 99%
Euxyl K 702
Glycol Ether EP-A
Glycol Ether EPH-A
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether Acrylate
Fenylglykol Ether
Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether Acrylate
Protectol PE Monohydrate
Hydroxyethoxyphenyl Glycol Ether
Phenyl Cellosolve Acetate
Phenyl Ethylene Glycol Ether
Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether Acetate
Phenoxytol
Phenoxymethanol
Phenoxyethyl Alcohol Acetate
2-Hydroxyethyl Phenyl Ether Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether Methacrylate
2-Phenoxyethyl Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether Methacrylate
Phenoxyethyl Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether Methacrylate
2-Phenoxyethyl Methacrylate
Phenylethyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Phenyl Cellosolve Methacrylate
Protectol PE Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether Acetate Methacrylate
Phenoxethyl Acetate
2-Phenoxyethyl Ether
Phenylethanol
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether Glycidyl Ether
Protectol PE Methacrylate
Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether Glycidyl Ether
Phenoxiethanol
Phenoxyethyl Ether Acetate
2-Protectol PE Methacrylate

Proteolytic Enzymes are also involved in various cellular processes, such as the regulation of protein activity, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Proteolytic Enzymes are classified into different types based on their catalytic mechanisms.
Protease produced by submerged fermentation of a selected strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

CAS Number: 37259-58-8
EC Number: 253-431-3

Serine proteinase, 37259-58-8, Serine endopeptidase, Serine esterase, Serine peptidase, Serine protease, Seryl protease, Tryase, Proteinase, serine, Caldolase, Cerastobin, Clp proteinase, EINECS 253-431-3, alpha-Fibrinogenase, Maxacal, Porzyme 6, Proteinase T, Serine Proteolytic Enzymes

Proteolytic Enzymes can be found in all forms of life and viruses.
They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.

Proteolytic Enzymes were first grouped into 84 families according to their evolutionary relationship in 1993, and classified under four catalytic types: serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metalloProteolytic Enzymes.
A Protease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins.

These enzymes play a crucial role in the digestion of proteins in organisms, breaking them down into smaller peptides or individual amino acids.
The major classes include serine Proteolytic Enzymes, cysteine Proteolytic Enzymes, aspartic Proteolytic Enzymes, metalloProteolytic Enzymes, and threonine Proteolytic Enzymes.

Each class of protease has distinct properties and is involved in specific biological processes.
Secretion of protease by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can be inhibited by treatment with the fatty acid synthetase inhibitor cerulenin.

A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products.
They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds.

Proteolytic Enzymes are involved in numerous biological pathways, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling.
In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years.

The threonine and glutamic Proteolytic Enzymes were not described until 1995 and 2004 respectively.
The mechanism used to cleave a peptide bond involves making an amino acid residue that has the cysteine and threonine (Proteolytic Enzymes) or a water molecule (aspartic, glutamic and metalloProteolytic Enzymes) nucleophilic so that Protease can attack the peptide carbonyl group.

One way to make a nucleophile is by a catalytic triad, where a histidine residue is used to activate serine, cysteine, or threonine as a nucleophile.
This is not an evolutionary grouping, however, as the nucleophile types have evolved convergently in different superfamilies, and some superfamilies show divergent evolution to multiple different nucleophiles.

MetalloProteolytic Enzymes, aspartic, and glutamic Proteolytic Enzymes utilize their active site residues to activate a water molecule, which then attacks the scissile bond.
Protease can be highly promiscuous such that a wide range of protein substrates are hydrolyzed.

This is the case for digestive enzymes such as trypsin, which have to be able to cleave the array of proteins ingested into smaller peptide fragments.
Promiscuous Proteolytic Enzymes typically bind to a single amino acid on the substrate and so only have specificity for that residue.
For example, trypsin is specific for the sequences.

Conversely some Proteolytic Enzymes are highly specific and only cleave substrates with a certain sequence.
Blood clotting (such as thrombin) and viral polyprotein processing (such as TEV protease) requires this level of specificity in order to achieve precise cleavage events.

Protease are enzymes that break down protein.
These enzymes are made by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Protease break down proteins in the body or on the skin.
This might help with digestion or with the breakdown of proteins involved in swelling and pain.

Some Proteolytic Enzymes that may be found in supplements include bromelain, chymotrypsin, ficin, papain, serrapeptase, and trypsin.
Protease, as also called peptidases or proteinases, are enzymes that perform proteolysis.

Protease is one of the most important biological reactions.
Protease activity has been attributed to a class of enzymes called Proteolytic Enzymes.

These enzymes are of wide distribution, and they perform significant biological processes.
Proteolytic Enzymes have evolved to perform these reactions by numerous different mechanisms and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.

Proteolytic Enzymes are found in animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, and viruses.
Proteolytic Enzymes are involved in protein processing, regulation of protein function, apoptosis, viral pathogenesis, digestion, photosynthesis, and numerous other vital processes.

Proteolytic Enzymes mechanism of action classifies them as either serine, cysteine or threonine Proteolytic Enzymes (amino-terminal nucleophile hydrolases), or as aspartic, metallo and glutamic Proteolytic Enzymes (with glutamic Proteolytic Enzymes being the only subtype not found in mammals so far).
Protease of peptide bonds is recognized as an essential and ubiquitous mechanism for the regulation of a myriad of physiological processes.

Four main classes of Proteolytic Enzymes have been routinely utilized to describe Proteolytic Enzymes.
The serine Proteolytic Enzymes are probably the best characterized.

This class of Proteolytic Enzymes includes trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase.
The cysteine protease class includes papain, calpain and lysosomal cathepsins.

Aspartic Proteolytic Enzymes include pepsin and rennin.
Metallo-Proteolytic Enzymes include thermolysin and carboxypeptidase A.

Protease are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.
Protease serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site.

They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Protease fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like.

Protease is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide bonds.
According to the manner in which the polypeptide is hydrolyzed, Protease can be divided into two types, an endopeptidase and an exopeptidase.

The endopeptidase cleaves the inside of the protein molecule to form a small molecular peptide.
The exopeptidase hydrolyzes the peptide bond one by one from the terminal of the free amino group or carboxyl group of the protein molecule, and the amino acid is released, the former being an aminopeptidase and the latter being a carboxypeptidase.

Protease can be further divided into serine protease, thiol protease, metallo proteinase and aspartic protease according to its active center.
According to the optimum pH value of the reaction, Protease is divided into acid protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease.

Protease is used in industrial production, mainly endopeptidase.
Proteolytic Enzymes are widely found in animal viscera, plant stems, leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial Proteolytic Enzymes are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeasts and actinomycetes.

Proteolytic Enzymes have many types, and important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain, and subtilisin.
Protease has strict selectivity for the reaction substrate to be applied.

Proteolytic Enzymes can only act on certain peptide bonds in the protein molecules, such as peptide bonds formed by trypsin catalyzed hydrolysis of basic amino acids.
Protease is a widely distributed protein, and is especially abundant in the digestive tract of humans and animals.

Due to the limited resources of animals and plants, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae.
Proteolytic Enzymes are a class of proteins that break down other proteins.

They are also called Proteases.
Proteolytic Enzymes are classified by the amino acids or ligands that catalyze the hydrolysis reaction.
For example, Protease contain a serine in the active site.

The Protease is helped by a neighboring histidine and aspartic acid.
This combination is called the catalytic triad, and is conserved in all serine Proteolytic Enzymes.

Proteolytic Enzymes work in a two step fashion; first, they form a covalent bond with the protein to be cleaved; in the second step, water comes in and releases the second half of the cleaved protein.
Proteolytic Enzymes use cysteine as a nucleophile just like serine Proteolytic Enzymes use serine as a nucleophile.
Protease include a number of digestive enzymes, including Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and Elastase.

While they all contain the same three amino acids that work together to catalyze the reaction, called the catalytic triad, they differ in where they cleave proteins.
This specificity is due to a binding pocket that contains different functional groups.

Chymotrypsin prefers a large hydrophobic residue; Protease pocket is large and contains hydrophobic residues.
In this representation of the binding pocket, the hydrophobic phenylalanine of the substrate is shown in green, and the hydrophobicity of the surrounding amino acids is shown by grey (hydrophobic) or purple (hydrophilic) balls.

Protease is specific for positively charged residues like lysine, and contains a negative amino acid, aspartic acid, at the bottom of the pocket.
Protease prefers a small neutral residue; Protease has a very small pocket.

Protease include enzymes that have a role in regulating cellular processes such as caspases and deubiquitinase.
Caspases hydrolyze proteins during apoptosis.
Proteolytic Enzymes play a role in regulating protein degradation, e.g. Cdu1 from Chlamydia.

Another class of protease is aspartate Proteolytic Enzymes.
This family includes HIV protease.

HIV produces Protease proteins as one long chain; HIV protease cleaves the long protein into functional units.
Because Protease cleaves long proteins, Protease has a tunnel to accommodate the long peptide substrate, and the top "flaps" of the protein can open and closeto allow the substrate in and products out.

Aspartate Proteolytic Enzymes include two aspartate residues in the active site, which increase the reactivity of an active site water molecule to directly cleave the substrate protein.
A third class of Proteolytic Enzymes are metalloProteolytic Enzymes such as carboxypeptidase.

Carboxypeptidases remove the C terminal amino acids from proteins.
The active site contains zinc , which is bound to the protein through interactions with histidine (H), serine (S) aspartic acid (E) residues.

Proteolytic Enzymes are enzymes your pancreas makes to break down protein from diet into amino acids, which are used for growth and tissue repair.
These enzymes may also reduce inflammation and support immune function, though more research is needed.

Proteolytic Enzymes (also called Proteases, Peptidases, or Proteinases) are enzymes that hydrolyze the amide bonds within proteins or peptides.
Most Proteolytic Enzymes act in a specific manner, hydrolyzing bonds at or adjacent to specific residues or a specific sequence of residues contained within the substrate protein or peptide.

Proteolytic Enzymes play an important role in most diseases and biological processes including prenatal and postnatal development, reproduction, signal transduction, the immune response, various autoimmune and degenerative diseases, and cancer.
They are also an important research tool, frequently used in the analysis and production of proteins.

Proteolytic Enzymes have been called biology’s version of Swiss army knives, able to cut long sequences of proteins into fragments.
A protease is an enzyme that breaks the long, chainlike molecules of proteins so they can be digested.

This process is called proteolysis, and Protease turns protein molecules into shorter fragments, called peptides, and eventually into their components, called amino acids.
Proteins start as a tough, complex, folded structure, and they can only be broken down or disassembled with protease enzymes.

The process of digesting proteins starts in the stomach, where hydrochloric acid unfolds the proteins and the enzyme pepsin begins to disassemble them.
The pancreas releases protease enzymes (primarily trypsin), and in the intestines, they break protein chains apart into smaller pieces.
Then enzymes on the surface and inside of intestinal cells break the pieces down even further, so they become amino acids that are ready for use throughout the body.

When these protease enzymes aren’t present in the body to break down protein molecules, the intestinal lining would not be able to digest them, which can lead to some serious health issues.
Proteolytic Enzymes are produced by the pancreas, and they are also found in some fruits, bacteria and other microbes.

The digestive tract produces three different forms of protease in digestive tracts: trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase.
These three Proteolytic Enzymes attack different peptide linkages to allow for the generation of amino acids, the building blocks of protein.

Protease enzymes are often classified based on their origins.
Some Proteolytic Enzymes are produced in bodies, some come from plants and others have a microbial origin.

Different types of Proteolytic Enzymes have different biological processes and mechanisms.
Proteolytic Enzymes are enzymes that specialize in the cleavage of peptide bonds.

Their activities may be relatively indiscriminate, breaking polypeptides down to their basic elements, or exquisitely precise, cleaving a substrate at a specific residue to alter protein activity.
These illustrations highlight scientific concepts that rely on proteolytic activity and emphasize the importance of Proteolytic Enzymes in some of the most studied areas of cell biology.

These enzymes contain a serine residue in their active site and play crucial roles in digestion (e.g., trypsin, chymotrypsin) and blood clotting (e.g., thrombin).
Enzymes with a cysteine residue in their active site, involved in various cellular processes, including apoptosis. Examples include caspases.

These enzymes use an aspartate residue in their active site and are involved in digestion (e.g., pepsin) and some viral processing.
Metal ions, typically zinc, are essential for the catalytic activity of these enzymes.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an example, involved in tissue remodeling and wound healing.

These Proteolytic Enzymes have a threonine residue in their active site and are found in certain microorganisms.
In the digestive system, Proteolytic Enzymes break down dietary proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, facilitating their absorption in the small intestine.

Proteolytic Enzymes are involved in regulating various cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and signal transduction.
Some Proteolytic Enzymes are responsible for activating or inactivating proteins by cleaving specific peptide bonds.

Proteolytic Enzymes participate in immune responses by degrading foreign proteins, such as those from pathogens.
Proteolytic Enzymes are used in laundry detergents and cleaning products to break down protein-based stains.

Proteolytic Enzymes can be employed to cleave specific peptide tags used in recombinant protein production, aiding in the purification of the target protein.
Protease inhibitors and activators are used in drug development for various medical conditions, including HIV, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Proteolytic Enzymes are essential tools in molecular biology for protein analysis, structure-function studies, and manipulation of proteins.
Proteolytic Enzymes are a class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins, is one of the most mature.

At the beginning of the 21st century, microbial protease has been reported more than 900 species, the biological activities of the organism and the occurrence of diseases, such as digestion and absorption of food, blood coagulation, hemolysis, inflammation, blood pressure regulation, cell differentiation autolysis, aging, cancer metastasis, activation of physiologically active peptides, etc., are not related to Proteolytic Enzymes.

Proteolytic Enzymes are closely related to humans and are involved in all aspects of life.
Proteolytic Enzymes are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, chemical, detergent, feed and other fields, the gross product reached 65% of the enzyme market.

Protease is a kind of enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein, which is the earliest and the most in-depth enzyme in the study of Enzymology.
Microbial protease source is wide, Cell Nutrition requirement is low, easy to culture, compared with animal and plant source protease, Protease is easier to realize large-scale production.

Early research on microbial protease, more concentrated in the breeding of natural high-yield strains, optimization of fermentation conditions and downstream processing technology, the overall research level is not high, did not really take into account, various aspects of large-scale production technology.
Until the 70 s of the 20th century, after the establishment of recombinant DNA technology, the research in the field of protease molecular biology was carried out, and the sequence analysis, cloning and expression of protease genes were realized, which made the large-scale production possible.

A seventh catalytic type of Proteolytic Enzymes, asparagine peptide lyase, was described in 2011.
Protease proteolytic mechanism is unusual since, rather than hydrolysis, Protease performs an elimination reaction.
During this reaction, the catalytic asparagine forms a cyclic chemical structure that cleaves itself at asparagine residues in proteins under the right conditions.

Given Protease fundamentally different mechanism, its inclusion as a peptidase may be debatable.
An up-to-date classification of protease evolutionary superfamilies is found in the MEROPS database.
In this database, Proteolytic Enzymes are classified firstly by 'clan' (superfamily) based on structure, mechanism and catalytic residue order (e.g. the PA clan where P indicates a mixture of nucleophile families).

Within each 'clan', Proteolytic Enzymes are classified into families based on sequence similarity (e.g. the S1 and C3 families within the PA clan).
Each family may contain many hundreds of related Proteolytic Enzymes (e.g. trypsin, elastase, thrombin and streptogrisin within the S1 family).

Proteolytic Enzymes, being themselves proteins, are cleaved by other protease molecules, sometimes of the same variety.
This acts as a method of regulation of protease activity.

Some Proteolytic Enzymes are less active after autolysis (e.g. TEV protease) whilst others are more active (e.g. trypsinogen).
In the human digestive system, Proteolytic Enzymes like pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin break down dietary proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, facilitating their absorption in the small intestine.

Proteolytic Enzymes are commonly used in laundry detergents and cleaning products for their ability to break down protein-based stains.
This is particularly effective in removing stains like blood, grass, and food.

Proteolytic Enzymes can be used to tenderize meat by breaking down collagen and connective tissues.
Proteolytic Enzymes contribute to the development of flavors in certain food products by breaking down proteins into smaller, more palatable fragments.

Dairy Processing: Proteolytic Enzymes are used in cheese production to modify texture and flavor.
Proteolytic Enzymes play a crucial role in protein purification.

They are used to cleave fusion tags from recombinant proteins, facilitating their isolation and purification.
Protease inhibitors are important in drug development, especially in the treatment of diseases where protease activity needs to be modulated.
For example, protease inhibitors are used in the treatment of HIV.

Researchers modify and engineer Proteolytic Enzymes for specific applications.
This may involve altering their substrate specificity, stability, or other properties to suit industrial or therapeutic purposes.

Proteolytic Enzymes are valuable tools in molecular biology and biochemistry research.
Techniques such as limited proteolysis are used to study protein structure, function, and interactions.

Certain Proteolytic Enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), play a role in tissue remodeling.
Understanding and controlling protease activity is important in applications related to wound healing and tissue engineering.

Some Proteolytic Enzymes are used as diagnostic tools.
For example, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protease used as a biomarker for prostate cancer.

Proteolytic Enzymes are used in bioremediation processes to degrade proteins present in organic waste.
This can be useful in environmental cleanup efforts.

Proteolytic Enzymes are sometimes used in cosmetics for exfoliation purposes.
They can help remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture.

Proteolytic Enzymes occur in all organisms, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to virus.
These enzymes are involved in a multitude of physiological reactions from simple digestion of food proteins to highly regulated cascades (e.g., the blood-clotting cascade, the complement system, apoptosis pathways, and the invertebrate prophenoloxidase-activating cascade).

Proteolytic Enzymes can either break specific peptide bonds (limited proteolysis), depending on the amino acid sequence of a protein, or completely break down a peptide to amino acids (unlimited proteolysis).
The activity can be a destructive change (abolishing a protein's function or digesting Protease to its principal components), Protease can be an activation of a function, or Protease can be a signal in a signalling pathway.

Proteolytic Enzymes are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes.
Acid Proteolytic Enzymes secreted into the stomach (such as pepsin) and serine Proteolytic Enzymes present in the duodenum (trypsin and chymotrypsin) enable us to digest the protein in food.

Proteolytic Enzymes present in blood serum (thrombin, plasmin, Hageman factor, etc.) play an important role in blood-clotting, as well as lysis of the clots, and the correct action of the immune system.
Other Proteolytic Enzymes are present in leukocytes (elastase, cathepsin G) and play several different roles in metabolic control.

Some snake venoms are also Proteolytic Enzymes, such as pit viper haemotoxin and interfere with the victim's blood clotting cascade.
Proteolytic Enzymes determine the lifetime of other proteins playing important physiological roles like hormones, antibodies, or other enzymes.

This is one of the fastest "switching on" and "switching off" regulatory mechanisms in the physiology of an organism.
Bacteria secrete Proteolytic Enzymes to hydrolyse the peptide bonds in proteins and therefore break the proteins down into their constituent amino acids.

Bacterial and fungal Proteolytic Enzymes are particularly important to the global carbon and nitrogen cycles in the recycling of proteins, and such activity tends to be regulated by nutritional signals in these organisms.
The net impact of nutritional regulation of protease activity among the thousands of species present in soil can be observed at the overall microbial community level as proteins are broken down in response to carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur limitation.

The genomes of some viruses encode one massive polyprotein, which needs a protease to cleave this into functional units (e.g. the hepatitis C virus and the picornaviruses).
These Proteolytic Enzymes (e.g. TEV protease) have high specificity and only cleave a very restricted set of substrate sequences.

They are therefore a common target for protease inhibitors.
Cells often produce protease inhibitors to regulate the activity of Proteolytic Enzymes.

These inhibitors bind to Proteolytic Enzymes and prevent them from catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
This regulation is crucial for maintaining a balance in cellular processes.

Altered activity of Proteolytic Enzymes is associated with cancer progression.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), for example, are implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis.

Proteolytic Enzymes, such as proteasomes, are involved in the clearance of misfolded proteins.
Dysregulation of Proteolytic Enzymes has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Proteasomes are large protein complexes responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins in the cell.
They play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the concentration of specific proteins.

In the context of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, protease inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral drugs.
They block the activity of the HIV protease enzyme, preventing the virus from producing infectious particles.

Scientists engage in protease engineering to modify and optimize Proteolytic Enzymes for specific applications.
This involves altering their substrate specificity, stability, or other properties for industrial or therapeutic purposes.

Researchers use Proteolytic Enzymes as tools in the lab to study protein structure and function.
Techniques like limited proteolysis involve treating proteins with Proteolytic Enzymes to identify structural domains or determine conformational changes.

Proteolytic Enzymes are employed in the food industry for various purposes.
For example, they can be used in the production of certain foods to enhance flavor or texture.

Additionally, Proteolytic Enzymes play a role in the tenderization of meat.
Caspases, a family of cysteine Proteolytic Enzymes, play a central role in the process of apoptosis.

They cleave specific proteins, leading to the controlled dismantling of the cell.
Proteolytic Enzymes are targets for drug discovery.

Developing drugs that specifically inhibit or activate certain Proteolytic Enzymes can have therapeutic implications, especially in conditions where protease dysregulation is involved.
The activity of Proteolytic Enzymes is inhibited by protease inhibitors.

One example of protease inhibitors is the serpin superfamily.
Protease includes alpha 1-antitrypsin (which protects the body from excessive effects of Protease own inflammatory Proteolytic Enzymes), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (which does likewise), C1-inhibitor (which protects the body from excessive protease-triggered activation of Protease own complement system), antithrombin (which protects the body from excessive coagulation), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (which protects the body from inadequate coagulation by blocking protease-triggered fibrinolysis), and neuroserpin.

Natural protease inhibitors include the family of lipocalin proteins, which play a role in cell regulation and differentiation.
Lipophilic ligands, attached to lipocalin proteins, have been found to possess tumor protease inhibiting properties.

The natural protease inhibitors are not to be confused with the protease inhibitors used in antiretroviral therapy.
Some viruses, with HIV/AIDS among them, depend on Proteolytic Enzymes in their reproductive cycle.

Thus, protease inhibitors are developed as antiviral therapeutic agents.
Other natural protease inhibitors are used as defense mechanisms.

Common examples are the trypsin inhibitors found in the seeds of some plants, most notable for humans being soybeans, a major food crop, where they act to discourage predators.
Raw soybeans are toxic to many animals, including humans, until the protease inhibitors they contain have been denatured.

Proteolytic Enzymes are essential for many important processes in your body.
They’re also called peptidases or proteinases.

In the human body, they are produced by the pancreas and stomach.
While Proteolytic Enzymes are most commonly known for their role in the digestion of dietary protein, they perform many other critical jobs as well.
For example, they are essential for cell division, blood clotting, immune function and protein recycling, among other vital processes (1Trusted Source).

Like humans, plants also depend on Proteolytic Enzymes throughout their life cycles.
Not only are these enzymes necessary for the proper growth and development of plants, they also help keep them healthy by acting as a defense mechanism against pests like insects.

Interestingly, people can benefit from ingesting plant-derived Proteolytic Enzymes.
As a result, proteolytic enzyme supplements may contain both animal- and plant-derived enzymes.
Proteolytic Enzymes (both endo- and exo- types with no systemic name) are enzymes that are commercially derived from the fungus, Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus niger, via a fermentation process.

During the recovery phase of production, manufacturers destroy the starting fungi, A. oryzae or A. niger, before removing the non-proteinaceous material away from the protease preparation.
Proteolytic Enzymes are recovered from the fermentation broth in an aqueous solution and then processed to a dried state.

Uses of Proteolytic Enzymes:
Protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been used for the unhairing of hides and skins.
Protease has also been used in a study to investigate peptide bond formation using the carbamoylmethyl ester as the acyl donor.
The field of protease research is enormous.

Since 2004, approximately 8000 papers related to this field were published each year.
Proteolytic Enzymes are used in industry, medicine and as a basic biological research tool.

Proteolytic Enzymes can be used to disrupt biofilms, which are communities of microorganisms encased in a protective matrix.
Breaking down the biofilm matrix helps in combating bacterial infections.

Researchers are exploring the use of Proteolytic Enzymes for targeted cancer therapies.
Proteolytic Enzymes can be designed to selectively activate prodrugs in cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

Protease inhibitors are being investigated for use in agriculture to protect crops from pests.
These inhibitors interfere with the digestive processes of certain insects, offering a potential eco-friendly pest control strategy.

Proteolytic Enzymes are used in skincare products for their exfoliating properties.
They help remove dead skin cells, promoting skin renewal and potentially reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Proteolytic Enzymes are incorporated into biosensors for detecting specific biomolecules.
The changes in fluorescence or other properties resulting from protease activity can be used as signals for the presence of certain substances.

Proteolytic Enzymes are employed in biocatalytic processes for organic synthesis.
They can catalyze specific reactions with high selectivity, providing environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional chemical methods.

Certain Proteolytic Enzymes are explored as biopesticides to control insect pests in agriculture.
These Proteolytic Enzymes can disrupt insect digestive processes, leading to reduced feeding and growth.

Proteolytic Enzymes associated with tumor development and progression can be targeted for imaging purposes.
Protease-activated imaging agents can provide insights into the presence and activity of Proteolytic Enzymes in cancerous tissues.

Proteolytic Enzymes and their substrates are investigated as potential biomarkers for various diseases.
Detection of specific protease activity patterns may aid in early disease diagnosis.

Understanding individual variations in protease activity may contribute to the development of personalized medicine.
Tailoring treatments based on protease profiles could enhance therapeutic efficacy.

Proteolytic Enzymes are being explored for environmental monitoring, particularly in assessing water quality.
Changes in protease activity can indicate contamination or changes in microbial communities.

Digestive Proteolytic Enzymes are part of many laundry detergents and are also used extensively in the bread industry in bread improver.
A variety of Proteolytic Enzymes are used medically both for their native function (e.g. controlling blood clotting) or for completely artificial functions (e.g. for the targeted degradation of pathogenic proteins).

Highly specific Proteolytic Enzymes such as TEV protease and thrombin are commonly used to cleave fusion proteins and affinity tags in a controlled fashion.
Protease-containing plant-solutions called vegetarian rennet have been in use for hundreds of years in Europe and the Middle East for making kosher and halal Cheeses.

Vegetarian rennet from Withania coagulans has been in use for thousands of years as a Ayurvedic remedy for digestion and diabetes in the Indian subcontinent.
Protease is also used to make Paneer.

Proteolytic Enzymes are utilized in the textile industry for processes such as desizing and finishing.
They help remove unwanted fibers and improve the texture and appearance of fabrics.

Proteolytic Enzymes can be employed in the production of biofuels.
They assist in the breakdown of plant cell walls, releasing sugars that can be fermented into biofuels.

Proteolytic Enzymes are used in the leather industry to aid in the dehairing and softening of hides during leather processing.
Proteolytic Enzymes can be used in the food industry to modify the properties of certain foods, such as enhancing the solubility of proteins in beverages or improving the texture of baked goods.

Some Proteolytic Enzymes, like thrombin, are used in medicine as anti-clotting agents.
They are employed in anticoagulant therapies to prevent abnormal blood clot formation.

Proteolytic Enzymes are used to hydrolyze proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, contributing to the development of savory flavors in processed foods.
Proteolytic Enzymes can be applied in the pulp and paper industry to modify the characteristics of paper pulp, leading to improved paper quality.

Inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, involve excessive protease activity.
Therapies aimed at modulating protease activity are being explored for potential treatment options.

Proteolytic Enzymes are used in fish feed formulations to improve the digestibility of proteins, promoting better growth and health in farmed fish.
Proteolytic Enzymes are being investigated for their potential use in decontaminating surfaces exposed to biological warfare agents.

They can break down proteins in these agents, rendering them harmless.
Proteolytic Enzymes are employed in various biochemical assays and tests to study enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity, and other aspects of enzymatic reactions.

Proteolytic Enzymes are commonly used in laundry detergents and stain removers.
They help break down protein-based stains, such as blood, grass, and food, making them easier to wash away.

Meat Tenderization: Proteolytic Enzymes are used to tenderize meat by breaking down collagen and connective tissues, improving the texture of the meat.
Proteolytic Enzymes are employed in cheese production to modify texture and flavor.

In brewing, Proteolytic Enzymes can be used to break down proteins that might cause haze in beer. In baking, they can improve the texture of dough.
Proteolytic Enzymes are used in biotechnology for protein purification.
They can be employed to cleave fusion tags from recombinant proteins, facilitating the isolation and purification of the desired protein.

Protease inhibitors are essential in drug development.
For example, protease inhibitors are used in the treatment of HIV by inhibiting the viral protease, preventing the maturation of new virus particles.
Proteolytic Enzymes may be used in enzyme replacement therapies for individuals with certain genetic disorders that result in deficient protease activity.

Proteolytic Enzymes are valuable tools in molecular biology research.
Techniques such as limited proteolysis are used to study protein structure, function, and interactions.

Proteolytic Enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), play a role in tissue remodeling.
Understanding and controlling protease activity is important in applications related to wound healing and tissue engineering.

Some Proteolytic Enzymes, like the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), are used as diagnostic biomarkers for certain medical conditions, such as prostate cancer.
Proteolytic Enzymes are used in bioremediation processes to degrade proteins present in organic waste, contributing to environmental cleanup efforts.

Proteolytic Enzymes are sometimes used in cosmetics for exfoliation purposes.
They can help remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture.
In certain medical conditions, enzyme replacement therapy involving Proteolytic Enzymes may be used to supplement deficient or missing enzyme activity in the body.

Classification of Proteolytic Enzymes:
Proteolytic Enzymes are divided into two categories: exopeptidases and endopeptidases.
Exopeptidases only act on the C- terminal or N-terminal peptide bonds of the substrate, endopeptidase can only hydrolyze the peptide bonds inside the macromolecular protein and is a true protease.

There have been a variety of methods of classification of protease, but they are not perfect, some to the active center, or to the mode of action, but also to the optimal pH value, academic to the active center to point.

Proteolytic Enzymes can be divided into four classes according to the active center:
(1) serine Proteolytic Enzymes
(2) aspartic Proteolytic Enzymes
(3) cysteine Proteolytic Enzymes
(4) metalloProteolytic Enzymes.

Serine protease enzymes are widely found in animal pancreas, bacteria, mold, the active center contains serine residues, enzyme activity can be, diisopropylphosphoryl fluoride (DFP), benzene methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and potato inhibitors (PI) and other specific inhibition.
The optimum pH of the enzyme is alkaline protease at 9.5~10.5, but some serine Proteolytic Enzymes are neutral Proteolytic Enzymes, and some enzymes also contain cysteine residues due to the active center, Protease can be inhibited by the thiol reagent to the chlorine Mercury benzoic acid (PCMB).

The specificity for the substrate is similar to that for chyme trypsin.
Metalloproteinases this kind of protease is mainly neutral protease, the optimum pH is 7~8, most of the active center contains Zn2 and other divalent metals, can be subject to metal chelating agent EDTA or phenanthroline (O-Phenanthroline,OP) the inhibition of such Proteolytic Enzymes is less stable, limited use, and less important than alkaline and acid Proteolytic Enzymes.

Metalloproteinases also include the alkaline protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, snake venom and collagenase.
Microbial Metallo-neutral Proteolytic Enzymes, such as bacterial and fungal neutral Proteolytic Enzymes, can cleave amino-terminal peptide bonds composed of hydrophobic or other amino acid residues.
Aspartic acid protease pepsin, fungal acid protease is the active center containing aspartic acid acid protease, the optimum pH of this kind of enzyme is 2.0~5.0, in acidic stability, rapid inactivation of the enzyme at pH above 6, PI 3-4.5, diazoacetyl-N-leucine methyl ester (DAN) and 1, 2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenyl) propane (EPNP), is an obligate inhibitor of this kind of enzyme, the molecular weight of the enzyme 30~45 kDa.

Cysteine protease this kind of enzyme is also called thiol protease, known that this kind of enzyme has about 20 families, widely exists in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Protease active center contains a pair of amino acids that is Cys-His, different groups of enzymes before and after Cys and His in different order.
Typically, such enzymes require the presence of a reducing agent, such as HCN or cysteine, to be active.

Specificity of Proteolytic Enzymes:
The specificity of the protease is expressed in the selectivity of the substrate peptide bond, Protease is not only affected by amino acid residues on one or both sides of the peptide bond at the cleavage point, but also sometimes affected by several amino acid residue units separated from the point of action, and also affected by the length of the peptide bond.
The study of the specificity of Proteolytic Enzymes is usually carried out with synthetic substrates of known sequence, for the above reasons, often inconsistent with the hydrolysis of natural proteins.

Production of Proteolytic Enzymes:
Protease is widely used, which not only simplifies the production process of relevant industries, but also saves investment, Protease reduces the consumption of raw materials, improves the yield and quality of products, and makes a positive contribution to improving environmental protection and reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
The factors affecting the production of microbial protease is very complex, the same microorganism because of different culture conditions, can produce a variety of protease, most of the bacillus is aerobic non-toxin and non-pathogenic, easy to culture.
Microbial protease enzyme composition is very complex, the same enzyme electrophoresis, chromatography and other separation techniques, but also can separate a number of molecular weight, amino acid composition, optimum pH, temperature and isoelectric point of different composition, the similarities and differences in the amino acid sequence and conformation of the enzyme can also be seen by the immunological antigen antibody reaction.

Safety Profile of Proteolytic Enzymes:
Proteolytic Enzymes can be irritating to the skin and eyes, particularly at higher concentrations.
Direct contact with protease-containing solutions may lead to redness, itching, or irritation.
Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used when handling these enzymes.

Inhalation of protease-containing dust or aerosols may lead to respiratory sensitization in some individuals.
Adequate ventilation and respiratory protection may be necessary in situations where aerosols are generated.
Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to Proteolytic Enzymes.

Sensitization to these enzymes can occur through repeated exposure, and individuals with a history of allergies or asthma may be more susceptible.
Ingestion of Proteolytic Enzymes can lead to irritation and sensitization in the gastrointestinal tract.
This is relevant in industries where workers may be exposed to protease-containing substances.

Workers in industries such as biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and food processing may face occupational exposure to Proteolytic Enzymes.
Proper safety measures, including training, PPE, and engineering controls, should be implemented to minimize risks.
In some applications, such as biocatalysis or protein engineering, Proteolytic Enzymes may be used to catalyze specific reactions.

Identifiers of Proteolytic Enzymes:
Chemical Name: PROTEASE
CBNumber: CB5670040
Molecular Weight: 0
MDL Number: MFCD01940183

Properties of Proteolytic Enzymes:
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 5-20 mg/mL
form: powder
color: white
FDA 21 CFR: 310.545
EWG's Food Scores: 1

Solubility: H2O: 5-20mg/mL
Appearance: powder
Color: white
Storage Condition: 2-8°C

Specifications of Proteolytic Enzymes:
Appearance: White powder
Assay: 99% min

Provichem 083 can be synthesized through the reaction between anhydrous hydrazoic acid and hydrogen cyanide under pressure.
Provichem 083 is an odorless white to light-yellow crystalline powder.
Provichem 083 is high nitrogen content contributes to its energy release upon combustion or detonation.

EINECS number: 206-023-4
CAS Number: 288-94-8
Molecular Formula: CH2N4
Molecular Weight: 70.05

Provichem 083 is a class of synthetic organic heterocyclic compound containing a 4-member ring of four nitrogen atoms, two H and one carbon atom.
Provichem 083 has several pharmaceutical applications.
Provichem 083 compound can act as a bioisotere for the carboxylate group, angiotensin II receptor blockers such as losartan and candesartan as well as dimethyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), which can be used in MTT assay for quantifying the respiratory activity of liver cells.

Provichem 083 can also be used in DNA assays.
Provichem 083 derivatives have also been used in explosives such as TNT or high performance solid rocket propellant formulations.
Provichem 083 is known for its high energy content and can be used as an ingredient in the formulation of energetic materials, such as propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics.

Provichem 083 and its derivatives have found applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
They can serve as important building blocks for the synthesis of drugs, particularly in the development of antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and antiviral agents.
Provichem 083 derivatives may exhibit biological activity and can be used as potential drug candidates.

Provichem 083 can act as a ligand to form coordination complexes with various metal ions.
These metal complexes may exhibit interesting properties, including catalytic activity, magnetic properties, and coordination chemistry applications.
Some derivatives of Provichem 083 have been studied as corrosion inhibitors.

Provichem 083 can be used to protect metals from corrosion by forming a protective film on the metal surface, thereby preventing or reducing the rate of corrosion.
Provichem 083has been used in polymer chemistry as a reactive monomer or as a component for the synthesis of functional polymers with desired properties.
Provichem 083 can participate in polymerization reactions, resulting in the incorporation of the Provichem 083 moiety into the polymer backbone.

Provichem 083 is the simplest compound belonging to Provichem 083s family, a class of synthetic organic heterocyclic compound.
Provichem 083 has commonly been believed to have similar properties to carboxylic acids, and therefore make themselves excellent bioisosteres.
several pharmaceutical agents, for instance, losartan and candesartan (Angiotensin II receptor blockers), are considered as Provichem 083s.

Provichem 083 is often adopted in medicinal chemistry as a substitute for carboxylic acids because they share very similar proton dissociation properties.
The name Provichem 083 also refers to the parent compound with formula CH2N4, of which three isomers can be formulated.

Melting point: 156-158°C
Boiling point: 220℃
Density: 0.798 g/mL at 20 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.348
RTECS: UW7370000
Flash point: 5 °C
storage temp.: Room temperature.
solubility: DMSO, Methanol
form: Liquid
pka: 4.9(at 25℃)
color: Cream to orange
Water Solubility: Soluble
Decomposition: 220°C
BRN: 105799
Stability: Stable at RT
InChIKey: KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 288-94-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: D34J7PAT68

Provichem 083 is often used in click chemistry, a powerful chemical reaction that allows for efficient and selective chemical bonding.
Specifically, Provichem 083 can react with alkynes in a copper-catalyzed reaction called the Huisgen cycloaddition or "click" reaction.
This reaction is widely used in the synthesis of complex molecules, drug discovery, and bioconjugation.

Certain Provichem 083 derivatives can undergo thermal decomposition to produce gases, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
These gas-generating properties are utilized in various applications, including automotive airbag inflators and gas generators for automobile safety systems.
Provichem 083can act as a versatile ligand in coordination chemistry, forming complexes with transition metal ions.

These complexes exhibit unique properties and are used in catalysis, magnetism, and materials science.
Provichem 083 derivatives can be used as stabilizers to prevent the degradation and discoloration of polymers during processing or exposure to heat and light.
They act as free radical scavengers, inhibiting undesired reactions that lead to polymer degradation.

Provichem 083 derivatives have been investigated for their ability to selectively extract and separate metal ions from solution.
These compounds can be used in processes such as metal recovery, wastewater treatment, and selective ion sensing.
Provichem 083 derivatives have been studied as redox-active materials in electrochemical applications.

Provichem 083 can be used as a linker molecule in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks.
MOFs are porous materials with applications in gas storage, separation, and catalysis.
Provichem 083 is stable at normal temperature and pressure but decomposes rapidly and explosively if heated above its melting point of 155-157°C.

Provichem 083 an extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.
Provichem 083 violently with strong oxidizers.
Provichem 083 with acidic materials (strong acids, acid anhydrides and acid chlorides) to release heat and toxic and corrosive gases.

Provichem 083 with some active metals to give new materials that are shock-sensitive explosives.
Can react exothermically with reducing agents. Heating or burning releases toxic and corrosive nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Provichem 083and its derivatives have been investigated for their potential in gas storage applications, particularly for hydrogen storage.

The porous nature of certain Provichem 083 based materials allows for the adsorption and release of gases, which is important for the development of clean energy technologies.
When heated to decomposition Provichem 083 emits toxic oxides of nitrogen fumes.
Can explode if exposed to shock or heat from friction or fire.

The primary hazard is from blast effect where the entire load can explode instantaneously and not from flying projectiles and fragments.
Provichem 083 derivatives exhibit interesting photophysical properties, such as fluorescence and phosphorescence.
These compounds can be used as fluorescent probes, sensors, and materials for optoelectronic devices.

Provichem 083 can act as both an acid and a base.
Provichem 083 can donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base), depending on the reaction conditions.
This property is utilized in various chemical reactions and can influence the behavior and reactivity of Provichem 083 derivatives.

Provichem 083and its derivatives have been extensively studied in medicinal chemistry.
They serve as important pharmacophores and building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Many Provichem 083 containing drugs exhibit diverse activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Provichem 083derivatives can act as sensitizers for explosives, enhancing their sensitivity to ignition sources.
These compounds can be used in pyrotechnics, propellants, and explosive mixtures to improve their performance.
Provichem 083 derivatives are used in bioconjugation strategies to attach functional groups or biomolecules to specific sites.

The Huisgen cycloaddition reaction, also known as click chemistry, enables the efficient and selective attachment of molecules to biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids.
Provichem 083 and its derivatives can act as bridging ligands to form coordination polymers.
These polymers have extended structures and exhibit diverse properties, including porosity, catalytic activity, and gas adsorption capabilities.

Provichem 083 can function as a reactive intermediate in various chemical reactions.
Provichem 083 undergoes transformations to generate reactive species, which can participate in further reactions to form new compounds.
These reactive intermediates are valuable in organic synthesis for the construction of complex molecular structures.

Some Provichem 083 derivatives exhibit pH-responsive behavior.
They can undergo protonation or deprotonation in response to changes in pH, leading to alterations in their physical or chemical properties.
These materials are used in applications such as drug delivery, sensors, and stimuli-responsive materials.

Provichem 083 derivatives can be used as components in acidic ionic liquids, which are environmentally friendly solvents with unique properties.
These ionic liquids find applications in various fields, including catalysis, electrochemistry, and materials science.

Provichem 083 derivatives have been utilized to construct metal-organic gels (MOGs).
MOGs are soft materials with gel-like properties that exhibit interesting characteristics, such as high porosity and stimuli-responsive behavior.
They can be employed in areas such as gas adsorption, separation, and sensing.

Provichem 083 derivatives have been investigated for their potential as additives in anticorrosion coatings.
They can form a protective film on metal surfaces, inhibiting corrosion and extending the lifespan of metal structures and equipment.
Provichem 083derivatives have shown anti-inflammatory properties in pharmacological studies.

Provichem 083, may modulate inflammatory responses and have potential applications in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Provichem 083 derivatives are used as energetic binders in the formulation of explosives and propellants.
They provide stability and improve the mechanical properties of energetic materials, ensuring safe handling and efficient energy release upon ignition.

Provichem 083 derivatives have been explored for gas sensing applications.
Provichem 083, can exhibit selective responses to specific gases, making them suitable for detecting and monitoring environmental pollutants, industrial gases, or explosives.
Provichem 083 and its derivatives have been studied as catalysts or co-catalysts in various organic transformations.

They can promote specific reactions, such as C-C bond formation, oxidation, or reduction, and offer advantages such as high selectivity and mild reaction conditions.
Provichem 083derivatives can participate in supramolecular interactions, leading to the formation of complex structures through non-covalent bonding.
These interactions are used in supramolecular chemistry for the construction of functional materials and molecular recognition systems.

Provichem 083 derivatives have been proposed as potential additives for gasoline to improve its combustion efficiency and reduce emissions.
These compounds may enhance the performance and environmental characteristics of gasoline fuel.
Provichem 083derivatives have been investigated for their potential in water treatment applications.

They can act as efficient adsorbents or catalysts for the removal of contaminants or pollutants from water sources.
Provichem 083 derivatives can act as chelating ligands for metal ions.
They show selectivity and sensitivity towards specific metal ions, making them useful for the detection and sensing of metal ions in analytical chemistry and environmental monitoring.

Provichem 083derivatives have been employed in crystal engineering, a field that focuses on designing and controlling the assembly of molecular crystals.
Provichem 083 derivatives as building blocks, researchers can manipulate crystal structures and properties for desired applications, such as optoelectronics and solid-state materials.
Provichem 083derivatives can be used as cross-linking agents in polymer chemistry to form three-dimensional networks.

These networks improve the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and other properties of polymers, making them suitable for various industrial applications.
Provichem 083derivatives with fluorescent or reactive groups are utilized as biochemical probes for studying biological processes.
They can selectively target and label specific biomolecules, enabling their visualization and investigation in biological systems.

Provichem 083 derivatives can undergo photochemical reactions when exposed to light of specific wavelengths.
These photochemical reactions are utilized in various fields, including photochemistry, photopharmacology, and photoresponsive materials.

Provichem 083 derivatives can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, where the Provichem 083 ring serves as a leaving group.
These reactions are important in organic synthesis and can lead to the formation of new compounds with desired properties.

Uses
Provichem 083 is a catalyst for phosphoramidite synthesis also used as an intermediate for the drug cilostazol.
Cilostazol is an antiplatelet drug and a vasodilator.
Provichem 083 derivatives are used as antibiotics and optically active Provichem 083-containing antifungal preparations of azole type was reported.
Provichem 083 is used as a bioisostere for the carboxylate group.

Provichem 083 is also used as coupling reagent for preparation of polynucleotides.
Provichem 083 derivatives are extensively used in medicinal chemistry for the synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs.
They serve as building blocks or pharmacophores in the development of therapeutic agents targeting various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, infectious diseases, and central nervous system disorders.

Provichem 083 derivatives are used as curing agents for epoxy resins.
They promote the cross-linking reaction, leading to the formation of a cured epoxy material with improved mechanical properties and chemical resistance.
Provichem 083 is a key component in click chemistry reactions, particularly the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction.

Click chemistry is a powerful tool for bioconjugation, drug discovery, and materials science.
Provichem 083 allows for the efficient and selective formation of covalent bonds between molecules, making it valuable for the synthesis of complex compounds and functional materials.
Provichem 083 derivatives are used in the formulation of energetic materials, such as propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics.

Provichem 083, contribute to the energy release upon combustion or detonation, making them suitable for applications in defense, aerospace, and entertainment industries.
Provichem 083acts as a versatile ligand in coordination chemistry, forming complexes with various metal ions.
These metal complexes have diverse applications, including catalysis, sensing, magnetic materials, and coordination polymers.

Provichem 083 derivatives can undergo thermal decomposition to generate gases, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Provichem 083 is utilized in applications such as automobile airbag inflators and gas generators for safety systems.

Provichem 083 are used as corrosion inhibitors to protect metals from corrosion.
They form a protective film on the metal surface, preventing or reducing the rate of corrosion and extending the lifespan of metal structures and equipment.
Provichem 083 derivatives can be employed as stabilizers in polymer chemistry to prevent the degradation and discoloration of polymers during processing or exposure to heat and light.

Provichem 083 as free radical scavengers, inhibiting undesired reactions that lead to polymer degradation.
Provichem 083 derivatives are investigated for their potential in gas storage applications, particularly for hydrogen storage.
These compounds can adsorb and release gases, contributing to the development of clean energy technologies.

Provichem 083 derivatives have been explored for their potential in water treatment applications.
They can act as efficient adsorbents or catalysts for the removal of contaminants, pollutants, or heavy metals from water sources.
These compounds aid in the purification and remediation of water.

Provichem 083 derivatives exhibit gas-sensing properties and can be used as sensitive materials in gas sensors.
They can selectively detect and measure the concentration of specific gases, such as toxic or hazardous gases, in various environments.
Certain Provichem 083 derivatives exhibit photochromic properties, meaning they can undergo reversible changes in color or optical properties upon exposure to light.

Provichem 083 are utilized in the development of photochromic materials, such as lenses, coatings, and optical switches.
Provichem 083 derivatives are used in supramolecular chemistry for the construction of functional materials and molecular recognition systems.
They can participate in non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking, to form complex structures with specific properties.

Provichem 083 derivatives are employed as rheology modifiers in various applications, including paints, inks, and adhesives.
Provichem 083 can alter the viscosity and flow characteristics of the materials, providing improved stability and control during processing and application.

Provichem 083 derivatives have been investigated as potential additives for gasoline.
They can improve the combustion efficiency and reduce emissions, leading to enhanced fuel performance and reduced environmental impact.

Provichem 083 derivatives have herbicidal or pesticidal properties and can be used in agriculture to control weeds, pests, or plant diseases.
These compounds offer selective or broad-spectrum activity against target organisms while minimizing harm to the environment.
Provichem 083 derivatives are utilized as initiators in polymerization reactions, particularly in the synthesis of polyurethanes and polyureas.

Provichem 083 derivatives can act as pH indicators, exhibiting color changes in response to changes in the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
These compounds are used in analytical chemistry and biochemical assays to determine pH values or monitor chemical reactions.
Provichem 083 derivatives can be employed in electrochemical applications, such as electrode materials and electrolytes for batteries and supercapacitors, they contribute to the electrochemical performance, stability, and conductivity of these energy storage devices.

Provichem 083 derivatives are investigated for their potential in photovoltaic devices, such as solar cells.
Provichem 083 can be used as electron acceptors or donor materials in organic photovoltaics, enhancing light absorption and charge transport properties.
Provichem 083derivatives possess flame retardant properties and can be used in the formulation of materials requiring fire resistance, they inhibit or delay the spread of flames and reduce the combustibility of various products, including textiles, plastics, and coatings.

Provichem 083derivatives can be incorporated into coordination polymers or metal-organic frameworks to create magnetic materials.
These materials exhibit interesting magnetic properties and find applications in data storage, catalysis, and sensing.

Provichem 083 derivatives have been studied as lubricant additives to improve the performance and durability of lubricants.
They can reduce friction, wear, and surface damage in mechanical systems, such as engines and industrial machinery.
Provichem 083 derivatives possess anti-fouling properties and can be used in coatings or surfaces to prevent the attachment of marine organisms, such as barnacles and algae, to ship hulls and underwater structures.

Provichem 083 derivatives are utilized in the textile industry as dyeing agents, flame retardants, or finishing agents.
They enhance color fastness, impart flame resistance, or modify the surface properties of textiles, improving their performance and functionality.
Provichem 083 derivatives are used as food additives, preservatives, or flavor enhancers. They contribute to the preservation, stability, or sensory characteristics of food products, ensuring their quality and safety.

Provichem 083 derivatives have been explored for their potential in biomedical imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
They can serve as imaging agents to visualize specific biological targets or processes in the body.
Provichem 083bderivatives are utilized in analytical chemistry as standards or reference compounds for calibration, identification, or quantification of analytes.

Provichem 083 help ensure accurate and reliable measurements in various analytical techniques.
Provichem 083 and its derivatives are widely used as research tools in various scientific investigations, including organic synthesis, materials science, biochemistry, and drug discovery.
They provide valuable insights into the structure-activity relationships and properties of organic compounds.

Provichem 083 is used as a linker molecule in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks, which are porous materials with applications in gas storage, separation, and catalysis.
Provichem 083 derivatives serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis for the preparation of various compounds with desired properties.
They participate in reactions such as nucleophilic substitutions, cycloadditions, and rearrangements.

Provichem 083 can act as bioisosteres for carboxylate groups because they have similar pKa and are deprotonated at physiological pH.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers — such as losartan and candesartan, often are Provichem 083.Provichem 083 is a catalyst for phosphoramidite synthesis.
Provichem 083 is also used as an intermediate for the drug cilostazo.

Provichem 083 is used for their explosive or combustive properties, such as Provichem 083 itself and 5-aminoProvichem 083, which are sometimes used as a component of gas generators in automobile airbags.
Provichem 083 based energetic materials produce high-temperature, non-toxic reaction products such as water and nitrogen gas, and have a high burn rate and relative stability, all of which are desirable properties.
The delocalization energy in Provichem 083 is 209 kJ/mol.

Provichem 083 is widely used as acidic activators of the coupling reaction in oligonucleotide synthesis.
Provichem 083 is dimethyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT).
This Provichem 083 is used in the MTT assay to quantify the respiratory activity of live cells culture, although it generally kills the cells in the process.

Preparation
The first Provichem 083 synthesis was reported in 1885.
Nano-TiCl4.SiO2 (0.1 g) was added to a mixture of benzonitrile (1 mmol), sodium azide (2 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) at reflux for 2 h.
After completion of reaction (as monitored by TLC), the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, the catalyst was removed by filtration.

Then by adding ice water and 4N HCl (5 mL) to the residue, a white solid was obtained. This was then washed with cold chloroform.
This simple procedure yielded pure Provichem 083 with good yields.

Health Hazards:
Some Provichem 083 derivatives may have toxic effects on human health.
Inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with these compounds can cause irritation to the respiratory system, eyes, and skin.

Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe health effects, such as organ damage or sensitization.
The Sandmeyer reaction involves the conversion of an aryl amine to the corresponding aryl diazonium salt, followed by treatment with sodium azide (NaN3) to yield Provichem 083.

The reaction proceeds as follows:
Ar-NH2 + HNO2/HCl -> Ar-N2+Cl-
Ar-N2+Cl- + NaN3 -> Ar-N3 + NaCl
Ar-N3 -> Provichem 083

The Curtius rearrangement is another method to prepare Provichem 083.
Provichem 083 involves the reaction of an acyl azide with a suitable rearrangement agent, such as triphenylphosphine (PPh3), to yield an isocyanate intermediate.
The isocyanate then rearranges to form Provichem 083. The reaction proceeds as follows:

RCO-N3 + PPh3 -> RCO-N=C=O + PPh3O
RCO-N=C=O -> Provichem 083

The Tschitschibabin reaction is a method for the synthesis of Provichem 083s from primary amines and sodium azide in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium ethoxide or sodium methoxide.
R-NH2 + NaN3 + NaOMe -> R-N=N=N + NaOH + CH3OH
R-N=N=N -> Provichem 083

Another method involves the reaction of urea with hydrazoic acid (HN3) in the presence of a catalyst, such as copper(II) chloride.
The reaction proceeds as follows:
(NH2)2CO + HN3 -> H2N-NH-CO-NH-NH2
H2N-NH-CO-NH-NH2 -> Provichem 083

There are several other methods available for the synthesis of Provichem 083, including the use of formamide or formic acid derivatives, azide displacement reactions, or cyclization reactions of suitable precursors.
These methods often involve multiple steps and require specific reagents and conditions.Sandmeyer Reaction: The Sandmeyer reaction involves the conversion of an aryl amine to the corresponding aryl diazonium salt, followed by treatment with sodium azide (NaN3) to yield Provichem 083.

The reaction proceeds as follows:
Ar-NH2 + HNO2/HCl -> Ar-N2+Cl-
Ar-N2+Cl- + NaN3 -> Ar-N3 + NaCl
Ar-N3 -> Provichem 083

There are several other methods available for the synthesis of Provichem 083, including the use of formamide or formic acid derivatives, azide displacement reactions, or cyclization reactions of suitable precursors.
These methods often involve multiple steps and require specific reagents and conditions.

Fire and Explosion Hazards:
Provichem 083 derivatives can be flammable or combustible under certain conditions.
They may contribute to the intensity of fires and explosions if not properly handled.
Provichem 083 is important to follow appropriate storage, handling, and disposal practices to minimize the risk of fire or explosion.

Environmental Hazards:
Provichem 083 and its derivatives may have adverse effects on the environment if released into ecosystems.
These compounds can be toxic to aquatic organisms and may persist or bioaccumulate in the environment.
Proper containment, disposal, and environmental monitoring measures should be followed to minimize environmental impact.

Reactivity Hazards:
Provichem 083 derivatives can be reactive under specific conditions, such as exposure to heat, light, or certain chemicals.
They may undergo decomposition or react violently, leading to the release of gases or hazardous byproducts.
Provichem 083 is important to handle these compounds with caution and avoid incompatible substances or conditions.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
During decomposition or combustion, Provichem 083 derivatives can produce hazardous decomposition products, such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or other toxic gases.
Adequate ventilation and proper disposal methods should be employed to minimize exposure to these products.

Synonyms
Provichem 083
Provichem 083
288-94-8
2H-Provichem 083
Tetraazacyclopentadiene
1-H-Provichem 083
100043-29-6
27988-97-2
1H-1,2,3,4-Provichem 083
1,2,3,4-Provichem 083
2H-1,2,3,4-Provichem 083
D34J7PAT68
CHEBI:33193
NSC-36712
1Provichem 083
racemic Provichem 083
1H-Tetraazole
1H-tetrazol
Provichem 083 solution
1H-Tetraazole #
NSC36712
EINECS 206-023-4
MFCD00005247
NSC 36712
UNII-D34J7PAT68
1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol
2,3,4-TRIAZAPYRROLE
Provichem 083;Tetraazacyclopentadiene
CHEMBL2148103
DTXSID5075280
alpha-1H-1,2,3,4-Provichem 083
CHEBI:33194
AMY28702
BCP22123
CS-D1473
AC-784
STK366101
AKOS003615496
AKOS015955446
[Provichem 083-5(4H)-ylidene]radical
Provichem 083, 0.45M in acetonitrile
Provichem 083(0.45M in Acetonitrile)
BP-30175
DB-000385
FT-0607796
FT-0607914
T1017
T-2400
T-2440
A819654
Q58826308
Q58826418
F8889-0313
288-95-9

Provichem 2202 is a specialized ionic surfactant with unique properties and applications.
Provichem 2202 is primarily known for its role as a co-polymerizable stabilizer in aqueous dispersions.
Provichem 2202 excels in emulsion polymerization processes, contributing to the formation of stable polymer dispersions.



APPLICATIONS


Provichem 2202 is employed in desalination membranes to improve the efficiency of desalting processes.
Provichem 2202 is used in the formulation of scale inhibitors that prevent scaling and corrosion in industrial equipment and pipelines.
In the oil and gas industry, it is incorporated into drilling fluids to enhance drilling performance and maintain well integrity.

Provichem 2202 serves as an intermediate in the production of photo-chemicals used in photographic processes.
In biochemistry, it plays a role in bio-buffers, maintaining optimal pH levels in biochemical reactions.
In metal finishing, Provichem 2202 acts as a brightening agent in nickel plating processes, ensuring a polished and even surface.
Automotive coatings benefit from Provichem 2202's contributions to durability and scratch resistance.

Provichem 2202 is used in anti-corrosion coatings to safeguard metal surfaces from degradation.
In cleaning formulations, it helps remove stubborn dirt and stains, improving the cleaning efficiency.

Provichem 2202 is used in ceramic glazes to enhance adhesion and gloss.
Provichem 2202 contributes to the formulation of detergents with superior cleaning power and resistance to hard water.

In electroplating processes, it assists in achieving uniform metal coatings.
Provichem 2202 is used in coatings for food packaging materials to ensure product safety and integrity.
In biotechnological applications, it contributes to the development of specialized buffers for research and diagnostics.

Provichem 2202 is utilized in the formulation of water-based inks for printing and packaging applications, offering excellent stability and color dispersion.
Provichem 2202 contributes to the adhesive formulations used in packaging materials, ensuring strong bonds and resistance to moisture.

In flexible packaging films, Provichem 2202 helps improve adhesion between layers and enhances overall packaging performance.
Textile coatings benefit from its use in achieving water resistance and durability in fabrics.
Provichem 2202 is incorporated into carpet backing compounds to enhance bonding strength and resistance to wear and tear.

Provichem 2202 is employed in the production of latex binders for a wide range of applications, including paints, coatings, and adhesives.
Provichem 2202 improves the performance of caulks and sealants by enhancing their resistance to water and weathering.

In the manufacturing of fiberboard and MDF (medium-density fiberboard), it serves as a binder, contributing to board stability and strength.
For woodworking applications, Provichem 2202 is used in emulsion adhesives to create strong bonds in furniture and cabinetry.

Automotive sealants and gaskets benefit from Provichem 2202's water resistance and sealing properties.
Roof coatings use this chemical to improve weather resistance and extend the lifespan of roofing materials.
Provichem 2202 is incorporated into construction admixtures to enhance the workability and durability of concrete mixes.

Provichem 2202 helps create a protective barrier against moisture, chemicals, and abrasion.
Paperboard coatings for packaging materials benefit from Provichem 2202's ability to improve print quality and surface finish.

Industrial flooring compounds use this chemical to achieve resistance to chemicals, abrasion, and moisture.
Ceramic tile adhesives rely on its bonding properties to secure tiles to substrates effectively.

Elastomeric roof coatings utilize Provichem 2202 to provide flexibility, durability, and UV resistance.
Marine coatings are formulated with this chemical to withstand the harsh conditions of marine environments, including exposure to saltwater.
In plastic compounding, Provichem 2202 serves as a processing aid, enhancing melt flow and dispersion of additives.

Films used in agriculture benefit from its UV resistance and adhesion properties, enhancing longevity and performance.
Provichem 2202 is used in the production of PVC foams, contributing to their cellular structure and rigidity.

In metalworking fluids, Provichem 2202 functions as a corrosion inhibitor, improving the efficiency and longevity of cutting and grinding operations.
Provichem 2202 plays a role in wastewater treatment processes, aiding in the removal of contaminants from industrial effluents.
Repair compounds for concrete structures utilize Provichem 2202 to achieve strong and durable repairs.
In lubricant formulations, it serves as an additive to enhance lubricity and reduce friction in machinery and automotive applications.


Provichem 2202 has various applications in different industries:

Emulsion Polymerization:
Provichem 2202 is widely used as a co-polymerizable stabilizer in emulsion polymerization processes, facilitating the production of stable polymer dispersions.

Water-Based Coatings:
Provichem 2202 finds extensive application in water-based coatings, where it enhances stability and durability.

Adhesives:
In adhesive formulations, Provichem 2202 contributes to improved bonding strength and water resistance.

Vinyl Acetate-Based Resins:
Provichem 2202 is a key ingredient in the production of vinyl acetate-based resins, which serve as binders in paints and coatings.

Acrylic Resins:
In acrylic resin systems, it aids in the formation of high-quality emulsions used in paints, adhesives, and textiles.

Scratch-Resistant Coatings:
Provichem 2202 is used in coatings to impart scratch resistance, extending the lifespan of painted surfaces.

Architectural Coatings:
In architectural paints, it enhances the stability and performance of water-based formulations, ensuring long-lasting protection for buildings.

Wood Finishes:
Provichem 2202 contributes to the production of wood finishes that are resistant to water and wear.

Paper Coatings:
Provichem 2202 improves the quality of paper coatings, enhancing printability and surface finish.

Textile Printing:
Provichem 2202 is used in textile printing to create stable, high-quality ink formulations for fabric decoration.

Ion-Exchange Membranes:
In the field of water treatment, it is a crucial component in the production of ion-exchange membranes, which remove ions and contaminants from water.



DESCRIPTION


Provichem 2202 is a specialized ionic surfactant with unique properties and applications.
Provichem 2202 is primarily known for its role as a co-polymerizable stabilizer in aqueous dispersions.

Provichem 2202 excels in emulsion polymerization processes, contributing to the formation of stable polymer dispersions.
Provichem 2202 exhibits exceptional emulsion stability in vinyl acetate-based systems.
Provichem 2202 is also effective in acrylic-based dispersions, enhancing the quality of polymer emulsions.

The resulting polymer dispersions serve as versatile binders in coatings and adhesives.
When incorporated, Provichem 2202 imparts superior stability to these water-based resins.
Coatings and adhesives containing Provichem 2202 demonstrate improved scrub resistance, making them more durable.

Additionally, Provichem 2202 enhances water resistance in the final products.
Beyond coatings, Provichem 2202 finds application in the production of ion-exchange membranes, which are crucial in various industries.
Provichem 2202 contributes to the manufacture of desalting membranes used for water purification and desalination processes.
In the field of water treatment, it plays a role in the development of scale inhibitors, which prevent scaling in pipelines and equipment.

Provichem 2202 is used in the formulation of drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry, aiding in drilling operations.
Provichem 2202 serves as an intermediate in the production of photo-chemicals used in photography and imaging processes.
Provichem 2202 is also an essential component in the production of bio-buffers, which help maintain pH levels in biochemical reactions.

In metal finishing, Provichem 2202 serves as a brightening and leveling agent in nickel plating processes, ensuring a smooth and uniform finish.
Provichem 2202 is prized for its low color properties, making it suitable for applications where color purity is essential.

Its versatility is underscored by its effectiveness across a range of industrial sectors and applications.
Products containing Provichem 2202 often exhibit improved quality, durability, and performance.

Provichem 2202 maintains chemical stability under various processing conditions, ensuring consistency.
Provichem 2202's role in emulsion polymerization results in high-quality polymer dispersions used in numerous applications.
Coatings and adhesives benefit from increased durability and resistance to environmental factors.

Its use in water treatment and desalting membranes contributes to environmental sustainability.
In drilling fluids and scale inhibitors, Provichem 2202 enhances the reliability of industrial processes.
In the realm of photography, Provichem 2202 plays a part in achieving precise imaging results.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: Provichem 2202's chemical formula is specific to its molecular structure, which contributes to its unique properties.
Ionic Surfactant: It is classified as an ionic surfactant, meaning it contains both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions in its molecule.
Co-Polymerizable: Provichem 2202 is co-polymerizable, allowing it to be incorporated into polymer chains during polymerization processes.
Emulsion Stability: One of its key properties is the ability to provide exceptional stability in emulsions, ensuring that oil and water-based components remain well-dispersed.
Low Color: Provichem 2202 is prized for its low color properties, making it suitable for applications where color purity is essential.
Water Resistance: It enhances water resistance in products such as coatings and adhesives, improving their durability when exposed to moisture.
Chemical Stability: This chemical maintains stability under various processing conditions, ensuring consistency in formulations.
Adhesion Promotion: It improves adhesion between different materials, such as in adhesive formulations or coatings on various substrates.
pH Regulation: In bio-buffers, Provichem 2202 aids in maintaining optimal pH levels in biochemical reactions.
UV Resistance: Some applications benefit from its UV resistance, which helps protect materials from UV-induced degradation.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhalation of Provichem 2202 vapors or mists occurs, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.

Seek Medical Attention:
If respiratory distress persists or worsens, seek immediate medical attention.
Provide the medical personnel with information about the exposure.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If Provichem 2202 comes into contact with the skin, promptly remove contaminated clothing while wearing gloves to prevent further skin exposure.

Rinse with Water:
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove any traces of the chemical.

Use Mild Soap:
If available, use mild soap to aid in removing the chemical.
Avoid abrasive or harsh cleaning agents.

Seek Medical Attention:
If skin irritation, redness, or chemical burns develop, or if irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
If Provichem 2202 contacts the eyes, immediately flush them with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, even if initial rinsing provides relief.
Continue eye irrigation during transportation to a medical facility.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
If Provichem 2202 is ingested, DO NOT induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth with water if the chemical has been swallowed.

Seek Medical Help:
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide the medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid:

Personal Protective Equipment:
Ensure that the person providing first aid is wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and safety goggles.

Symptom Management:
Depending on the specific symptoms or effects of exposure, provide appropriate supportive care.
This may include measures to address respiratory distress, skin irritation, eye discomfort, or ingestion-related symptoms.

Transportation:
If the affected person requires medical attention, arrange for safe and prompt transportation to a healthcare facility.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing when handling Provichem 2202.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the workplace to prevent the buildup of vapors or mists.
Use local exhaust ventilation or maintain good general ventilation.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid breathing in vapors, mists, or dust from Provichem 2202.
Use respiratory protection (e.g., N95 respirator) if the chemical is being handled in an enclosed space without adequate ventilation.

Avoid Skin and Eye Contact:
Prevent skin and eye contact by wearing protective gloves and safety goggles or a face shield.
In case of accidental skin contact, remove contaminated clothing promptly.

Use in a Controlled Environment:
Handle Provichem 2202 in a controlled environment to minimize the risk of exposure.
Use fume hoods or containment measures when appropriate.

Prevent Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where the chemical is handled.
Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling, and before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.

Spill Response:
Have spill response measures in place, including spill kits and absorbent materials, to contain and clean up accidental spills promptly.
Follow all applicable spill cleanup procedures.

Labeling:
Ensure that containers of Provichem 2202 are properly labeled with the product name, hazard information, and safety precautions in accordance with regulatory requirements.


Storage:

Store in a Cool, Dry Place:
Store Provichem 2202 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials.

Temperature:
Maintain storage temperatures within the recommended range specified in the product's safety data sheet (SDS) or technical documentation.

Incompatible Materials:
Keep Provichem 2202 away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidizing agents.
Store away from sources of heat or open flames.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriate storage containers made of compatible materials, such as plastic or stainless steel.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent moisture ingress.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label storage containers with the product name, hazard information, and any necessary precautionary statements.

Segregation:
Store Provichem 2202 away from food, beverages, and personal hygiene products to prevent cross-contamination.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures to restrict access to authorized personnel only.
Keep the chemical out of reach of children and unauthorized individuals.

Shelf Life:
Monitor and adhere to the recommended shelf life and expiration dates provided by the manufacturer.
Use older stock before newer stock to prevent product degradation.

Emergency Measures:
Have appropriate emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations and safety showers, readily available near the storage area.

Regulatory Compliance:
Ensure compliance with local, national, and international regulations governing the storage of chemicals, including labeling, reporting, and safety measures.

Proviplast 01422 is Bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate.
Proviplast 01422 is a glycol ether adipate.
Proviplast 01422 is an effective plasticiser for polar and semi-polar plastics, especially for use with high temperature resistance without losing compatibility.


CAS Number: 141-17-3
EC Number： 205-465-5
Molecular Formula: C22H42O8
Product Type: Plasticizers > Adipates
Chemical Composition: Bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate
Chemical Name: Dibutoxyethoxyethyl adipate


Proviplast 01422 can lower the glass transition temperature to room temperature.
Proviplast 01422 provides good oil extraction and increased hydrocarbon resistance.
Proviplast 01422 is suitable for high-temperature applications.


Proviplast 01422 is compatible with natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
Thereby improving the low temperature flexibility of rubber.
In particular, Proviplast 01422 has good cold resistance and gasoline resistance.


Proviplast 01422 is compatible with polar rubbers and polar rubber copolymers, eg acrylic rubbers, nitrile rubbers and epichlorohydrin rubbers.
Proviplast 01422 improves the low temperature properties of rubber blends by reducing the glass transition temperature.
Due to the higher polarity, Proviplast 01422 has very good hydrocarbon resistance and a limited extraction in water and glycols.


Proviplast 01422 is a non-phthalate plasticizer that is a preferred solution to improve cold flexibility in high demanding applications.
Other advantages of Proviplast 01422 include low organic extraction and low volatility.
Proviplast 01422 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.


Proviplast 01422, N-butyl benzenesulfonamide, Cas No.: 3622-84-2, is the preferred and general-purpose plasticizer in the nylon field.
Proviplast 01422 is a non-phthalate plasticizer which drastically improves the low temperature properties of polar rubber compounds, such as NBR, chlorinated rubber, elastomers and vinyl products.


Proviplast 01422 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Proviplast 01422 can be well dissolved with natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
Thereby improving the low-temperature softness of the rubber. In particular, Proviplast 01422 has good cold resistance and gasoline resistance.


Proviplast 01422 is amongst the most preferred plasticizers for use with SBR, NBR, ACM, AEM, ECO and other rubbers due to their very high compatibility, and for the extremely good high and low temperature properties they impart to these rubbers.
Proviplast 01422 possesses high temperature resistance, good low temperature properties, very good hydrocarbon resistance.


Proviplast 01422 exhibits very high purity and low residual alcohol content (low VOC).
Proviplast 01422, dibutyl diglyceride adipate can greatly improve the low temperature performance of polar rubber polymers, including nitrile rubber, chlorinated rubber, synthetic rubber and butadiene rubber.
Proviplast 01422 offers limited extraction in water and glycol and has excellent compatibility with NBR resins.


Proviplast 01422 is an excellent plasticizer for polar and semi-polar plastics or rubber.
Proviplast 01422 can greatly improve the low temperature properties of polar rubber polymers.
Proviplast 01422 is a colorless, viscous liquid that is both water-soluble and odorless.
Proviplast 01422 has been studied extensively in recent years due to its potential applications in various scientific research fields.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROVIPLAST 01422:
Proviplast 01422 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Proviplast 01422 is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes, plant protection products, air care products and adhesives and sealants.


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).


Proviplast 01422 can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Proviplast 01422 can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture).


Proviplast 01422 is intended to be released from scented: clothes.
Proviplast 01422 is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.
Proviplast 01422 is used in the following areas: building & construction work and mining.
Proviplast 01422 is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products, chemicals and furniture.


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Proviplast 01422 is used in the following products: polymers, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, inks and toners, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants, metal working fluids, finger paints, pH regulators and water treatment products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials and in processing aids at industrial sites.


Proviplast 01422 is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products, polymers, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants and leather treatment products.
Proviplast 01422 is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and machinery and vehicles.


Release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


For PVB applications, Proviplast 01422 is used as plasticizers for laminated glass.
The products drastically improve low temperature flexibility.
This is also helpful in (semi-) polar rubber applications.


Here Proviplast 01422 also offer improved solvent extraction properties.
Proviplast 01422 acts as an effective plasticizer and compatibilizer for PVC-rubber compounds, polar/semi-polar plastics, TPU and polar elastomers.
Proviplast 01422 possesses excellent low VOC characteristics. Proviplast 01422 is a preferred solution to improve cold flexibility in high demanding applications.
Proviplast 01422 is mainly used in rubber, polyurethane, plastic, artificial leather, cable materials.


Proviplast 01422 is an preferred solution to improve cold flexibility in high demanding applications.
Proviplast 01422 is used as adhesives and sealant chemicals.
Proviplast 01422 is used as plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere.


Proviplast 01422 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Proviplast 01422 is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes, plant protection products, air care products and adhesives and sealants.


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).


Proviplast 01422 can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Proviplast 01422 can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture).


Proviplast 01422 is intended to be released from scented: clothes.
Proviplast 01422 is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.
Proviplast 01422 is used in the following areas: building & construction work and mining.
Proviplast 01422 is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products, chemicals and furniture.


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
Proviplast 01422 is used in the following products: polymers, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, inks and toners, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants, metal working fluids, finger paints, pH regulators and water treatment products and textile treatment products and dyes.


Release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Proviplast 01422 is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products, polymers, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants and leather treatment products.
Proviplast 01422 is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and machinery and vehicles.


Release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Proviplast 01422 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Proviplast 01422 uses and applications include: Plasticizer for PVAc, PVB, some cellulosics; plasticizer in food-contact rubber articles for repeated use.
Proviplast 01422 is used Hoses, Boots and Belts requiring low temperature flexibility and heat resistant property.
Proviplast 01422 is compatible with NBR, urethane, polychloroprene, epichlorohydrin, Polysulfide, polyacrylate rubbers and PVB film.
Proviplast 01422 is mainly used for rubber, polyurethane, plastic, artificial leather, cable materials.


Proviplast 01422 is used as a rubber plasticizer.
Proviplast 01422 can be used for nitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile Rubber (HNBR), chlorinated rubber , synthetic rubber and butadiene rubber.
Proviplast 01422 Plasticizer: Oil-resistant, solvent-resistant, cold-resistant plasticizer.
Uses of Proviplast 01422: Plasticizer for polar and semi-polar rubber Proviplast 01422 is a kind of ethylene glycol mi adipate.


Uses of Proviplast 01422: Plasticizer.
Proviplast 01422 is a synthetic ester compound used in a variety of applications.
Proviplast 01422 is primarily used as a plasticizer for polymers and rubber, and as a solvent for paints, coatings, and adhesives.
Proviplast 01422 is also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals, and as a stabilizer in pharmaceuticals.


-Uses of Proviplast 01422:
*good low temperature flexibility
*very good hydrocarbon resistance
*approved for food contact applications
*high temperature resistance
*very high purity


-Application of Proviplast 01422:
*Can be used in many products such as,
*Sealed food container, Glassine,
*Wrapping paper for food,
*Special ink,
*Paint,
*Electric wire,
*Adhesives,
*Vinyl latex,
*Artificial flavor, Solvent for household and industrial detergent,
*Film former in hair spray and cosmetic ,
*PVC, Toys, Automotive hoses, Anti-electrostaic agent



DESCRIPTION OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
*Plasticizer to improve toughness at low temperature
*Many types are available to fit various resins
*Food grade
*Environmental protection
*Conform EU standard



FEATURES OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
*Keep toughness at low temperatue
*Environment friendly



KEY FEATURES OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
*Improving low temperature flexibility
*Good oil extraction resistance
*Compatibilizer for PVC-rubber compounds
*Suited for demanding high-temperature applications



FEATURES OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
Proviplast 01422 plasticizer is designed especially to impart maximum low temperature flexibility to rubber and elastomers.
Proviplast 01422 is particulary effective with nitrile rubbers, including the very high nitrile types, and with urethane, polyacrylate, polysulfide rubbers and PVB film..etc.
Due to its low volatility, Proviplast 01422 plasticizer remains effectiveness over a broad range of temperatures.
While providing excellent plasticizing action, Proviplast 01422 does not impair the physical properties of the compounds in which it is used.



FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
1. Excellent plasticizer for polar and semi-polar plastics or rubber
2. Strong high temperature resistance
3. Good low temperature performance
4. Passed the certification of non-direct contact with food
5. Good hydrocarbon resistance
6 . Low extractability in water and ethylene glycol
7. Excellent compatibility with nitrile rubber (NBR)
8. High product purity and low volatility (VOC) Proviplast 01422 can greatly improve polar rubber polymers Low temperature performance, including nitrile rubber, chlorinated rubber, synthetic rubber and butadiene rubber.



PROPERTIES OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
Ethylene glycol ethylene adipic acid improves the low-temperature performance of rubber mixtures.



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
Proviplast 01422 is generally produced through the reaction of 2-butoxyethanol and adipic acid.
This reaction typically occurs at elevated temperatures, and the resulting product is a viscous liquid.
The reaction can be catalyzed by either a strong acid or a strong base, and the reaction conditions can be adjusted to obtain the desired product.
In addition, the reaction can be carried out in either a batch or continuous process.



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATION OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
Proviplast 01422 has been studied extensively in recent years due to its potential applications in various scientific research fields.
For example, Proviplast 01422 has been used as a solvent for the extraction of proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides from various biological sources.
In addition, Proviplast 01422 has been used as a plasticizer for polymers and rubber, and as a stabilizer in pharmaceuticals.
Proviplast 01422 is also used in the production of polymers, coatings, and adhesives, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
The mechanism of action of Proviplast 01422 is not yet fully understood.
However, it is believed that Proviplast 01422 acts as a plasticizer, which means that it reduces the stiffness of polymers and rubber.
Proviplast 01422 also acts as a solvent, which means that it helps dissolve other substances.
In addition, Proviplast 01422 has been found to act as a stabilizer, which means that it helps to maintain the stability of pharmaceuticals.



BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
Proviplast 01422 has been found to be non-toxic and non-irritating when used in appropriate concentrations.
In addition, Proviplast 01422 has been found to have no significant effect on the biochemical or physiological processes of the body.



ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS FOR LAB EXPERIMENTS OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
The use of Proviplast 01422 in laboratory experiments has several advantages.
First, Proviplast 01422 is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain.
Second, Proviplast 01422 is non-toxic and non-irritating, making it safe to use in experiments.
Third, Proviplast 01422 has a low vapor pressure, which makes it ideal for use in experiments that require a controlled environment.
However, Proviplast 01422 has some limitations.
For example, Proviplast 01422 is not very soluble in water, making it difficult to use in experiments that require aqueous solutions.



SPECIFICATIONS OF PROVIPLAST 01422:
*improving low temperature flexibility
*good oil extraction resistance
*compatibilizer for PVC-rubber compounds
*suited for demanding high-temperature applications



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROVIPLAST 01422:
PSA： 89.52000
XLogP3： 3.29980
Appearance： Liquid
Density： 1.01 g/mL at 25ºC(lit.)
Melting Point： -47 °C
Boiling Point： 240 °C @ Press: 5 Torr
Flash Point： >230 °F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.448(lit.)
Vapor Pressure： 8.35E-10mmHg at 25°C
Molecular Weight： 434.56
Exact Mass： 434.56
EC Number： 205-465-5
UNII： O955C8WB42
DSSTox ID： DTXSID3027085
HScode： 2918990090

Molecular Weight: 434.6
XLogP3-AA: 2.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 25
Exact Mass: 434.28796829
Monoisotopic Mass: 434.28796829
Topological Polar Surface Area: 89.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 30
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 353
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: −11 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 467.61°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.01 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
refractive index: n20/D 1.448(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
Water Solubility: 570mg/L at 20℃
LogP: 3.24
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: DIBUTOXYETHOXYETHYL ADIPATE
FDA 21 CFR: 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: O955C8WB42
EPA Substance Registry System:Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] adipate (141-17-3)

Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -11 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 210 °C - open cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available

Viscosity, dynamic: 18 - 23 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,57 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 3,24
Vapor pressure: 2 hPa at 200 °C
Density: 1,01 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Density: 1.01 g/mL at 25ºC(lit.)
Boiling Point: 491.5ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -11ºC(lit.)

Molecular Formula: C22H42O8
Molecular Weight: 434.56400
Flash Point: >230 °F
Exact Mass: 434.28800
PSA: 89.52000
LogP: 3.29980
Vapour Pressure: 8.35E-10mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.448(lit.)
Molecular Formula: C22H42O8
Molar Mass: 434.56
Density: 1.01 g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: −11°C(lit.)
Boling Point: 467.61°C (rough estimate)
Flash Point: >230°F
Water Solubility: 570mg/L at 20℃
Vapor Presure: 8.35E-10mmHg at 25°C
Storage Condition: Room Temprature
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.448(lit.)



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 01422:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 01422:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 01422:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROVIPLAST 01422:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROVIPLAST 01422:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROVIPLAST 01422:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Hexanedioic acid,1,6-bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] ester
Adipic acid,bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] ester
Hexanedioic acid,bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] ester
Ethanol,2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-,adipate (2:1)
1,6-Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] hexanedioate
Bis(diethylene glycol monobutyl ether) adipate
Wareflex
Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] adipate
Plasthall DBEEA
Di(butoxyethoxyethyl) adipate
TP 95
Thiokol TP 95
TP 759
RX 11806
Thiokol TP 759
Bisoflex 111
Di[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] adipate
Reomol BCD
Plasthall 226S
Plasthall 226
Sartomer 650
Morton TP 95
Morton TP 759
SR 650
Sankonol 0862
Rhenosin W 95
BXA (ester)
BXA
Sankonol 0862-0
SR 86A
ADK Cizer RS 107
RS 107
Sartomer Wareflex SR 650
Wareflex SR 650
Ccpcizer D 600
Edenol 422
ADK Cizer RS 107S
BXA-N
TP 795
BXA-R
Hallstar TP 759
Proviplast 01422
62863-07-4
79806-00-1
194548-85-1
130455-63-9
Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] adipate
141-17-3
Dibutoxyethoxyethyl adipate
Wareflex
BIS(2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)ETHYL) ADIPATE
Plasthall 226S
TP-95
Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] hexanedioate
Adipic acid, bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) ester
Hexanedioic acid, bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] ester
Adipic acid bis(diethylene glycol monobutyl ether) ester
O955C8WB42
Hexanedioic acid, bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) ester
Plasthall DBEEA
Reomol BCD
Bisoflex 111
Thiokol TP 95
Thiokol TP 759
Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) ester
bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl]adipate
CAS-141-17-3
HSDB 5480
EINECS 205-465-5
TP 759
BRN 1808453
RX 11806
UNII-O955C8WB42
Bis (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether) adipate
EC 205-465-5
bis(Butoxyethoxyethyl)adipate
3-02-00-01718 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
SCHEMBL439161
CHEMBL2132625
DTXSID3027085
ZINC3875921
Tox21_202042
Tox21_303084
NCGC00164177-01
NCGC00164177-02
NCGC00257102-01
NCGC00259591-01
Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] hexanedioate #
BIS(2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)ETHYL) HEXANDIOATE
W-109502
BIS(2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)ETHYL) ADIPATE [HSDB]
BIS(DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER) ADIPATE
Q27285502
hexanedioic acid bis-(2-(2-butoxy-ethoxy)-ethyl) ester
TP-95
BXA
tp759
rx11806
Wareflex
reomolbcd
thiokoltp95
bisoflex111
thiokoltp759
plasthall226s
Adipic acid, bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) ester
adipicacid,bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl)ester
adipicacidbis(diethyleneglycolmonobutylether)ester
bis(diethyleneglycolmonobutylether)adipate
Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] hexanedioate;bisoflex111;hexanedioicaci
Dibutoxyethoxyethyl adipate
Adipic acid, bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) ester
TP-95
Wareflex
bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate
Hexanedioic acid, bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] ester
Adipic acid, bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) ester
TP-95
Wareflex
bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate
Adipic acid, bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) ester
adipicacid,bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl)ester
adipicacidbis(diethyleneglycolmonobutylether)ester
bis(diethyleneglycolmonobutylether)adipate
Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] hexanedioate
bisoflex111
hexanedioicacid,bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl)ester
Hexanedioicacid,bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl]ester
BIS[2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)ETHYL] ADIPATE
Dibutoxyethoxyethyl adipate
Adipic acid, bis (2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl) ester
Bis (2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate
DBEEA
Hexanedioic acid bis [2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl] ester
tp759
rx11806
reomolbcd
thiokoltp95
thiokoltp759
plasthalldbeea
di(butyldigol) adipate
bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate
Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] adipate
bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] hexanedioate
adipicacid,bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl)ester
Adipic acid, bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) ester
Hexanedioic acid,1,6-bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] ester
Adipicacid, bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] ester
Hexanedioic acid,bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] ester
Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-, adipate
ADK Cizer RS 107
BXA
Bis(diethylene glycolmonobutyl ether) Adipate
Bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] Adipate
Bisoflex 111
Di(butoxyethoxyethyl) Adipate
Di[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] Adipate
Morton TP759
Morton TP 95
Plasthall 226
Plasthall 226S
Plasthall DBEEA
RS 107
RX11806
Reomol BCD
Rhenosin W 95
SR 650
SR 86A
Sankonol 0862
Sankonol0862-0
Sartomer 650
Sartomer Wareflex SR 650
TP 759
TP 95
Thiokol TP 759
Thiokol TP 95
Wareflex
Wareflex SR 650
THIOKOL TP-95
THIOKOL TP-95

Proviplast 024 is a sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by a butyl group at the nitrogen atom.
Proviplast 024 is a plasticizer designed for demanding polyamide applications.
Proviplast 024 has a role as a neurotoxin and a plant metabolite.


CAS Number: 3622-84-2
EC Number: 222-823-6
MDL number: MFCD00025024
Chemical name: N-butylbenzenesulphonamide
Chemical Formula: C10H15NO2 / C6H5SO2NH(CH2)3CH3
Product Type: Plasticizers


Proviplast 024 offers excellent plasticizing effect at low temperature, improved processability, mold release and finishing, good chemical and thermal stability.
Proviplast 024 finds use in fuel lines, filaments and oil & gas applications.


Proviplast 024 can be used for PA 10.10, PA 11, PA 12, PA 6.10 and PA 6.12.
Proviplast 024 has good chemical and thermal stability.
Proviplast 024 is plasticizer to improve toughness at low temperature.


Proviplast 024 has many types are available to fit various resins.
Proviplast 024 is food grade.
Proviplast 024 has environmental protection.


Proviplast 024 is a natural product found in Angelica sinensis, Streptomyces, and other organisms with data available.
Proviplast 024, is the labeled analogue of N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide, which is a plasticizer used commercially in the polymerization of polyamide compounds.


Proviplast 024 is a sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by a butyl group at the nitrogen atom.
Proviplast 024 has been isolated from the plant Prunus africana and has been shown to exhibit antiandrogenic activity.
Proviplast 024 is N-butyl benzene sulfonamide.


Proviplast 024 has been isolated from the plant Prunus africana and has been shown to exhibit antiandrogenic activity.
Proviplast 024 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROVIPLAST 024:
Proviplast 024 acts as a plasticizer and processing aid masterbatch with nylon-6 as a carrier resin.
Proviplast 024 improves nylon processability by lowering its viscosity.
Proviplast 024 is a convenient, cost-effective product for handling.


Proviplast 024's a kind of excellent polyamide resin & cellulose class of liquid plasticizer, mainly as a plasticizer to be used in nylon plastic, and also can be used for hot melt adhesives, rubber latex adhesives, printing ink and surface coating.
Proviplast 024 is used in articles, in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 024 is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).


Proviplast 024 can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Proviplast 024 can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).


Proviplast 024 is used in the following products: polymers.
Release to the environment of Proviplast 024 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Proviplast 024 is used in the following products: polymers.


Proviplast 024 is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Proviplast 024 can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles.
Release to the environment of Proviplast 024 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Proviplast 024 is a kind of excellent polyamide resin & cellulose class of liquid plasticizer, mainly as a plasticizer to be used in nylon plastic, and also can be used for hot melt adhesives, rubber latex adhesives, printing ink and surface coating.
Proviplast 024 can be used in many products such as,


Proviplast 024 is used sealed food container, Glassine, Wrapping paper for food, Special ink, Paint, Electric wire, Adhesives, and Vinyl latex.
Proviplast 024 is used artificial flavor, Solvent for household and industrial detergents.
Proviplast 024 is used film former in hair spray and cosmetic, PVC, Toys, Automotive hoses, Anti-electrostatic agent.


Another specific application of Proviplast 024 is the manufacture of compressed-air brake hoses for most heavy commercial vehicles.
Proviplast 024 is used as plasticizer for polyamide, cellulose resin, etc
Proviplast 024 is the plasticizer of choice for PA12 in demanding polyamide applications, it has an outstanding plasticizing performance and is used in fuel lines, filaments and oil & gas applications.


Proviplast 024 is used as the plasticizer of choice in demanding polyamide applications.
Proviplast 024 is the plasticizer of choice for PA 10.10, PA 11, PA 12, PA 6.10 and PA 6.12 , with excellent plasticizing effect at low temperature and improved processability, mold release and finishing.
Proviplast 024 is used a plasticizer used commercially in the polymerization of polyamide compounds.


Proviplast 024 is used plasticizer of choice for PA 10.10, PA 11, PA 12, PA 6.10 and PA 6.12
Proviplast 024 is an excellent plasticizing effect at low temperature
Proviplast 024 has improved processability, mold release and finishing.


-Application of Proviplast 024:
*Can be used in many products such as,
*Sealed food container, Glassine,
*Wrapping paper for food,
*Special ink,
*Paint,
*Electric wire,
*Adhesives,
*Vinyl latex,
*Artificial flavor, Solvent for household and industrial detergent,
*Film former in hair spray and cosmetic ,
*PVC, Toys, Automotive hoses, Anti-electrostaic agent



DESCRIPTION OF PROVIPLAST 024:
*Plasticizer to improve toughness at low temperature
*Many types are available to fit various resins
*Food grade
*Environmental protection
*Conform EU standard



FEATURES OF PROVIPLAST 024:
*Keep toughness at low temperatue
*Environment friendly



PRINCIPAL APPLICATIONS OF PROVIPLAST 024:
Proviplast 024 is a used liquid plasticizer for polyacetals, polysulfones and polyamides.
Especially polyamide 11 and 12.
Proviplast 024 is used in various polyamide applications
such as filaments, auto fuel lines and airbrake hoses.

Proviplast 024 is used as a plasticizer in polyacetals, polysulphones and in
Nylon 11 and Nylon 12.
Proviplast 024 is used as a plasticizer, it contributes the following properties on the above materials: - easier removal from the mould - easier machining - a better finish due to more regular pore -size distribution - good heat stability up to 80 °C and, in particular, a barrier to the absorption of water, whence an outstanding shape stability Polyamide 11 and 12 compounds, containing on average 12.5%.

Proviplast 024 is used for flexible tubing used for example in flexodrilling.
The extruded materials are distinguished by a higher impact strength at low temperatures.



PRINCIPAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROVIPLAST 024:
Proviplast 024 acts as a weak acid, capable of reacting with bases to form salts.
Hydrolysis of the amide group is accelerated in an acid medium.
The hydrogen atom bound to the nitrogen can still be substituted.



FEATURES OF PROVIPLAST 024:
*Keep toughness at low temperatue
*Environment friendly



COMPOUND TYPE OF PROVIPLAST 024:
*Amide
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Organic Compound
*Plasticizer
*Synthetic Compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF PROVIPLAST 024:
*Benzenesulfonyl compounds
*Organosulfonamides
*Aminosulfonyl compounds
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Organonitrogen compounds
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF PROVIPLAST 024:
*Benzenesulfonamide
*Benzenesulfonyl group
*Organosulfonic acid amide
*Aminosulfonyl compound
*Sulfonyl
*Organosulfonic acid or derivatives
*Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organopnictogen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organosulfur compound
*Organonitrogen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



SHELF LIFE OF PROVIPLAST 024:
N-n-butylbenzene sulphonamide is a stable product.
Storage at temperatures between -20°C and + 40 °C are nevertheless strongly recommended.
Proviplast 024 is used as the product is slightly hygroscopic it needs to be stored in tightly closed containers.
Under these storage conditions a shelf life of 2 years Proviplast 024 can be guaranteed.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROVIPLAST 024:
Assay % ≥ 99,50 GC -
Butylamine content: % ≤ 0,020
Colour: APHA ≤ 20 ASTM
Solvent pH: 7,50-8,50
Thermal stability APHA ≤ 250
Total chlorine content: ppm ≤ 50
Water content: % ≤ 0,100
Appearance: Clear liquid.
Boiling point: °C 314 1013 hPa
Density: kg/l 1,1465 20 °C - ASTM D4052-81
Flash point: °C >200 Closed cup - ASTM D93-73
Water solubility: Insoluble
Solidification point: °C -30
Viscosity mPa.s: 170 20 °C - ASTM D445-72 / ISO 3104
Refractive index: 1,525
Boiling point: 314 °C (lit.)
density: 1.15 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.35 mm Hg ( 150 °C)

refractive index: n20/D 1.525(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
pka: 11.62±0.40(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Form: Liquid
Flash Point: C >200
Density kgl: 1,1465
Cas Number: 3622-84-2
Viscosity: mPas 170
Formula: C10H15NO2
Molecular mass: 213,3 g/mol
EC number: 222-823-6
Chemical name: N-n-butylbenzenesulphonamide
Presentation: Clear, colourless, almost odourless oily liquid
Assay: % 99,50
Butylamine content: % 0,020
Colour APHA: 20
Solvent pH: 7,50-8,50
Thermal stability: APHA 250

Total chlorine content: ppm 50
Water content: % 0,100
Appearance: Clear liquid
Boiling point: C 314
Water solubility: Insoluble
Solidification point: C -30
Refractive index: 1,525
Min. Purity Spec: 99% (HPLC)
Physical Form (at 20°C): Liquid
Boiling Point: 314°C
Flash Point: 113°C
Density: 1.15
Refractive Index: 1.525
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place

Molecular Weight: 213.30
XLogP3-AA: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 213.08234989
Monoisotopic Mass: 213.08234989
Topological Polar Surface Area: 54.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 237
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: viscous liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 314 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 113 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,45 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 2,01 at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,15 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Melting point: 83 °C(Solv: ethanol (64-17-5); water (7732-18-5))
Boiling point: 314 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.15 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.35 mm Hg ( 150 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.525(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
pka: 11.62±0.40(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Water Solubility: 450mg/L at 20℃
InChIKey: IPRJXAGUEGOFGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.01 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 3622-84-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: YO7UAW6717
NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzenesulfonamide, n-butyl-(3622-84-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide (3622-84-2)



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 024:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 024:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 024:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROVIPLAST 024:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROVIPLAST 024:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROVIPLAST 024:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
N-BUTYLBENZENESULFONAMIDE
3622-84-2
Benzenesulfonamide, N-butyl-
N-n-Butylbenzenesulfonamide
Plastomoll BMB
Dellatol BBS
N-Butylbenzenesulphonamide
N-BUTYL-BENZENESULFONAMIDE
Plasthall BSA
Cetamoll BMB
Benzenesulfonic acid butyl amide
N-Butylbenzene sulfonamide
Uniplex 214
BM 4 (sulfonamide)
N-(n-Butyl)benzenesulfonamide
NSC 3536
EINECS 222-823-6
N-n-Butyl benzenesulfonamide
UNII-YO7UAW6717
YO7UAW6717
DTXSID7027540
CHEBI:44237
NSC-3536
N-Benzenesulfonylbutylamine
NBB
CAS-3622-84-2
BRN 2725965
AI3-08011
MFCD00025024
3cz1
n-butyl benzenesulfonamide
N- butylbenzenesulfonamide
EC 222-823-6
Cambridge id 5182395
N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide-d9
SCHEMBL51729
4-11-00-00051 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CHEMBL479880
N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide, 99%
NSC3536
3d78
HMS3604D04
ZINC1666831
Tox21_201692
Tox21_303184
AKOS000120870
ANGC-3622-84-2
CS-W014968
DB02055
MS-7234
N-n-Butylamide of Benzenesulphonic Acid
NCGC00164214-01
NCGC00164214-02
NCGC00256957-01
NCGC00259241-01
AC-12448
benzenesulfonamide, n-butyl-
n-butylbenzenesulfonamide
n-butylbenzenesulphonamide
benzenesulfonamide
n-butyl- n-butylbenzenesulfonamide n-butylbenzenesulphonamide
DB-080953
B0716
FT-0653652
EN300-15785
D70361
AB00037309-01
AB00037309-02
A823172
W-106634
Q14853448
Z45516915
F1113-0008
Benzenesulfonic acid butyl amide
N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide
Plastomoll BMB
N-(n-Butyl)benzenesulfonamide
Dellatol BBS
Plasthall BSA
Uniplex 214
BM 4 (sulfonamide)
Cetamoll BMB
NSC 3536
N-butylbenzenesulphonamide
AK 551-d9
BBSA-d9
BM 4-d9
BM 4 (sulfonamide)
Benzenesulfonic acid butylamide-d9
Cetamoll BMB-d9
Dellatol BBS-d9
N-(n-Butyl)benzenesulfonamide-d9
NSC 3536-d9
Plasthall BSA-d9
Plastomoll BMB-d9
Topcizer 7-d9
Uniplex 214-d9
BM 4 (sulfonamide)
Benzenesulfonic acid butyl amide
Cetamoll BMB
Dellatol BBS
N-Butylbenzene sulfonamide
Plasthall BSA
Plastomoll BMB
Uniplex 214
Benzenesulfonamide, N-butyl-
N-Butylbenzenesulphonamide
BBSA
n-Butylamide of benzenesulphonic acid
N-Butylbenzolsulfonsaureamid
N-Butylsulfonamid
N-n-Butylbenzenesulfonamide
N-n-Butylamide of benzenesulphonic acid
AK 551-d9
BBSA-d9
BM 4-d9
BM 4 (sulfonamide)
Benzenesulfonic acid butylamide-d9
Cetamoll BMB-d9
Dellatol BBS-d9
N-(n-Butyl)benzenesulfonamide-d9
NSC 3536-d9
Plasthall BSA-d9
Plastomoll BMB-d9
Topcizer 7-d9
Uniplex 214-d9

Proviplast 1783 is an ester of triethylene glycol (TEG) and 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
Proviplast 1783 is a colorless and odorless liquid with a low vapor pressure and low water solubility.
Proviplast 1783 is a fatty acid ester.


CAS Number: 94-28-0
EC Number: 202-319-2
Molecular Formula: C22H42O6
MDL Number: MFCD00072285
Chemical Name: Tri(ethylenglycol)bis-2-ethylhexanoate


Proviplast 1783 acts as plasticizer for PVB.
Proviplast 1783 offers low viscosity and low volatility during processing.
Proviplast 1783 possesses outstanding UV and thermal stability as well as excellent clarity.


Proviplast 1783 is a solvent-based cold-resistant plasticizer, with excellent low temperature, durability, oil resistance, resistance to ultraviolet radiation and antistatic, and has a low viscosity and a certain degree of lubricity.
Proviplast 1783 is compatible with many natural resins, synthetic rubber, soluble in many organic solvents, but insoluble in mineral oil.


Proviplast 1783 is an inorganic acid that is used as a corrosion inhibitor and in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride.
Proviplast 1783 can be found in the form of dibutyl, which has been shown to produce allergic reactions when administered to animals.
Proviplast 1783 is also known to cause corrosion of copper, aluminum, and brass.


Proviplast 1783 is soluble in chlorides and carbonates and insoluble in water.
The melting point ranges of Proviplast 1783 from -22°C to -23°C.
The molecular weight of Proviplast 1783 is 176.27 g/mol, with a density of 1.025 g/cm3 at 20°C.


Proviplast 1783 has an alicyclic ring structure with a carboxylic acid group on each end, making it a monocarboxylic acid.
Proviplast 1783 is a special plasticizer for polyvinyl butyral (PVB safety glass) and synthetic rubber, which can produce low temperature performance and low volatility.
Proviplast 1783 can also be used as a plasticizer, a binder and a sealing material, and is a plasticizer for PVC, PS, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose or the like.


Proviplast 1783 Plasticizer is compatible with PVC and with PVB resins.
Proviplast 1783 is a polyvinyl butyral (PVB safety glass) and the effects of synthetic rubber plasticizer, to make it produce low-temperature performance and low volatility.


Proviplast 1783 can also be used for polyester fabrics, adhesives and sealing materials are PVC, PS, ethyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate and other aldehydes plasticizer.
With castor oil for polyvinyl butyral Burkina paint, Proviplast 1783 can improve the cold conditions improves the flexibility.
Proviplast 1783 is also used for butadiene - acrylonitrile synthetic rubber and polyethylene type oil emulsion formulations, in general, with the ratio of dioctyl phthalate or tricresyl phosphate are low.


Proviplast 1783 is soluble in many organic solvents, but insoluble in mineral oil.
Proviplast 1783offers low color, low viscosity and low volatility during processing.
The low viscosity makes Proviplast 1783 particularly suitable for use in plastisols to improve the processing characteristics.


In PVC, Proviplast 1783 is generally blended with plasticizers such as DOP or DOTP for optimum performance.
For PVB resins, Proviplast 1783 offers low viscosity for ease of compounding and low color for excellent clarity in automotive and residential and commercial window applications.
Proviplast 1783 Plasticizer is compatible with PVC and with PVB resins.


Proviplast 1783 offers low color, low viscosity and low volatility during processing.
The low viscosity makes Proviplast 1783 particularly suitable for use in plastisols to improve the processing characteristics.
In PVC, Proviplast 1783 is generally blended with plasticizers such as DOP or DOTP for optimum performance.



Proviplast 1783 is low color, low volatile triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
Proviplast 1783 acts as a plasticizer.
Proviplast 1783 is particularly suitable for use in plastisols to improve the processing characteristics.


For PVB resins, Proviplast 1783 offers low viscosity for ease of compounding and low color for excellent clarity in commercial window applications.
Proviplast 1783 is a solvent-based cold-resistant plasticizer with excellent low temperature, durability, oil resistance, UV resistance and antistatic property, and has low viscosity and certain lubricity.


Proviplast 1783 is thixotropic in plastisol and is ideal for applications with special applications.
Proviplast 1783 is solvent-based cold plasticizer with excellent low temperature resistance, durability, oil resistance, and resistance to ultraviolet radiation and static resistance, and has a low viscosity and some lubrication.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROVIPLAST 1783:
Usage of Proviplast 1783: Plasticizer.
Proviplast 1783 is a plasticizer; it is used method for improving dispersibility of PVB film viscosity modifier for automobile front windshield laminated glass.
Proviplast 1783 is used extensively in laminated glass applied in automotive, buildings, aircrafts, liquid crystal displays and photovoltaic modules.


To increase certain functionalities, Proviplast 1783 can be mixed with Proviplast 0142 as co-plasticizer.
Proviplast 1783 is widely used in water based adhesive, painting and coating industry.
Proviplast 1783 is an important raw material and intermediate used in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals and dyestuffs.


Proviplast 1783 is widely used in polyvinyl butyral (PVB) safety membrane, synthetic rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), in the preparation of sealing materials, it has great application value.
Proviplast 1783 is a solvent-based cold-resistant plasticizer with excellent low-temperature, durability, oil resistance, it is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and antistatic, and has low viscosity and certain lubricity.


Proviplast 1783 is compatible with many natural resins, synthetic rubber, soluble in many organic solvents, but insoluble in mineral oil.
Proviplast 1783 has thixotropy in plasticized pastes and is very suitable for applications with special applications.
Proviplast 1783 is a solvent-based cold-resistant environmental plasticizer, with excellent low temperature, durability, oil resistance, resistance to ultraviolet radiation and antistatic, and has low viscosity and a certain degree of lubricity.


Proviplast 1783 is polyvinyl butyral (PVB safety glass) and synthetic rubber effects of plasticizers, can make it produce low temperature performance and low volatility.
Proviplast 1783 can also be used for polyester cloth, adhesive and sealing material, and is a plasticizer for PVC, PS, ethyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate and the like.
When it is used in polyvinyl butyral based coating containing castor oil, Proviplast 1783 can improve the flexibility under cold conditions.
Proviplast 1783 is used as a solvent, plasticizer, and lubricant in a variety of industrial applications.


Proviplast 1783 is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other products.
Proviplast 1783 is also used in the formulation of butadiene-acrylonitrile oil-resistant synthetic rubber and polyethylene latex paint, and the general dosage is lower than that of dioctyl phthalate or tricresyl phosphate.
Proviplast 1783 is soluble in many organic solvents, but insoluble in mineral oil.


Proviplast 1783 has thixotropy in plasticized pastes and is very suitable for applications with special applications.
Proviplast 1783 is a special plasticizer for polyvinyl butyral (PVB safety glass) and synthetic rubber, which can produce low temperature performance and low volatility.
Proviplast 1783 can also be used as a plasticizer, a binder and a sealing material, and is a plasticizer for PVC, PS, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose or the like.


Proviplast 1783 is a solvent-based cold-resistant plasticizer, with excellent low temperature, durability, oil resistance, resistance to ultraviolet radiation and antistatic, and has a low viscosity and a certain degree of lubricity.
Proviplast 1783 is used extensively in laminated glass applied in automotive, buildings, aircrafts, liquid crystal displays and photovoltaic modules.
Proviplast 1783 is a plasticizer; it is used method for improving dispersibility of PVB film viscosity modifier for automobile front windshield laminated glass.


Proviplast 1783 is a solvent-based cold-resistant plasticizer with excellent low temperature, durability, oil resistance, UV resistance and antistatic property, and has low viscosity and certain lubricity.
Proviplast 1783 is thixotropic in plastisol and is ideal for applications with special applications.
When used in a polyvinyl butyral cloth-based paint containing castor oil, Proviplast 1783 can improve the flexibility under severe cold conditions.


Proviplast 1783 is also used in the formulation of butadiene-acrylic eye oil resistant synthetic rubber and polyethylene latex paint.
Proviplast 1783 is a plasticizer; it is used method for improving dispersibility of PVB film viscosity modifier for automobile front windshield laminated glass.
Proviplast 1783 is a solvent-based cold-resistant plasticizer with excellent low temperature, durability, oil resistance, UV resistance and antistatic property, and has low viscosity and certain lubricity.


Proviplast 1783 is thixotropic in plastisol and is ideal for applications with special applications.
Proviplast 1783 is a special plasticizer for polyvinyl butyral (PVB safety glass) and synthetic rubber, which can produce low temperature performance and low volatility. Proviplast 1783 can also be used as a plasticizer, a binder and a sealing material, and is a plasticizer for PVC, PS, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose or the like.
When used in a polyvinyl butyral cloth-based paint containing castor oil, Proviplast 1783 can improve the flexibility under severe cold conditions.


Proviplast 1783 is also used in the formulation of butadiene-acrylic eye oil resistant synthetic rubber and polyethylene latex paint.
For PVB resins, Proviplast 1783 offers low viscosity for ease of compounding and low color for excellent clarity in automotive and residential and commercial window applications.
Proviplast 1783 can be used in polyester, adhesive and sealing materials.


Proviplast 1783 is a plasticizer for PVC, PS, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose and so on.
Proviplast 1783 for the solvent-based cold resistant plasticizer, has excellent low temperature, durability, oil resistance, ultraviolet radiation resistance and antistatic, and has low viscosity and certain lubricityer, color-protecting.
Proviplast 1783 is a special plasticizer for polyvinyl butyral (PVB safety glass) and synthetic rubber, which can produce low temperature performance and low volatility.


Proviplast 1783 can also be used as a plasticizer, a binder and a sealing material, and is a plasticizer for PVC, PS, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose or the like.
When used in a polyvinyl butyral cloth-based paint containing castor oil, Proviplast 1783 can improve the flexibility under severe cold conditions.
Proviplast 1783 is also used in the formulation of butadiene-acrylic eye oil resistant synthetic rubber and polyethylene latex paint.


Proviplast 1783 is solvent-based cold plasticizer with excellent low temperature resistance, durability, oil resistance, and resistance to ultraviolet radiation and static resistance, and has a low viscosity and some lubrication.
Proviplast 1783 is a polyvinyl butyral (PVB safety glass) and the effects of synthetic rubber plasticizer, to make it produce low-temperature performance and low volatility.


Proviplast 1783 can also be used for polyester fabrics, adhesives and sealing materials are PVC, PS, ethyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate and other aldehydes plasticizer.
With castor oil for polyvinyl butyral Burkina paint, Proviplast 1783 can improve the cold conditions improves the flexibility.


Proviplast 1783 is also used for butadiene - acrylonitrile synthetic rubber and polyethylene type oil emulsion formulations, in general, with the ratio of dioctyl phthalate or tricresyl phosphate are low.
Proviplast 1783 is soluble in many organic solvents, but insoluble in mineral oil.


-Uses of Proviplast 1783:
*Adhesives and sealant chemicals
*Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere


-Application of Proviplast 1783:
*Can be used in many products such as,
*Sealed food container, Glassine,
*Wrapping paper for food,
*Special ink,
*Paint,
*Electric wire,
*Adhesives,
*Vinyl latex,
*Artificial flavor, Solvent for household and industrial detergent,
*Film former in hair spray and cosmetic ,
*PVC, Toys, Automotive hoses, Anti-electrostaic agent



DESCRIPTION OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
*Plasticizer to improve toughness at low temperature
*Many types are available to fit various resins
*Food grade
*Environmental protection
*Conform EU standard



FEATURES OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
*Keep toughness at low temperatue
*Environment friendly



FUNCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
1) Solvent-based cold-resistant environmental plasticizer
2) Special effect plasticizer for polyvinyl butyral (PVB safety glass) and synthetic rubber
3) Proviplast 1783 can be used in polyester, adhesive and sealing materials.
Proviplast 1783 is a plasticizer for PVC, PS, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose and so on.e.



SPECIFICATIONS OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
*colorless product
*low viscosity and low volatility during processing
*outstanding UV and thermal stability
*excellent clarity



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
Proviplast 1783 is synthesized by the reaction of triethylene glycol (TEG) and 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
The reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, and is usually carried out at temperatures between 80-100°C.
The reaction typically takes several hours to complete and yields a product with a purity of at least 99%.



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
Proviplast 1783 has a wide range of applications in scientific research.
Proviplast 1783 has been used as a solvent for the synthesis of organic compounds, as a plasticizer for polymers, and as a lubricant for mechanical systems.
Proviplast 1783 has also been used as an additive in the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
In addition, Proviplast 1783 has been used as a solvent in the extraction and purification of proteins, enzymes, and other biomolecules.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
Proviplast 1783 is a non-polar solvent, which means that it is not readily soluble in water.
As a result, Proviplast 1783 is able to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, including those with high molecular weights.
This makes Proviplast 1783 an ideal solvent for the synthesis of organic compounds.
In addition, Proviplast 1783 is a plasticizer, which means that it is able to reduce the viscosity of polymers and increase their flexibility.
Finally, Proviplast 1783 is a lubricant, which reduces friction and wear in mechanical systems.



BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
Proviplast 1783 is generally regarded as being safe for use in industrial and scientific applications.
However, Proviplast 1783 has been reported to have some adverse effects on the environment.
Studies have shown that Proviplast 1783 can be toxic to aquatic organisms and can have an adverse effect on the reproductive system of fish.
In addition, Proviplast 1783 has been reported to have a toxic effect on some bacteria and fungi, and has been linked to the development of skin irritation and allergies in humans.



ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS FOR LAB EXPERIMENTS OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
The main advantage of using Proviplast 1783 in laboratory experiments is that it is a non-polar solvent, which makes it ideal for the synthesis of organic compounds.
In addition, Proviplast 1783 is a plasticizer, which makes it useful for the production of polymers, and it is a lubricant, which makes it useful for mechanical systems.
However, there are some limitations to using Proviplast 1783 in laboratory experiments.
For example, Proviplast 1783 is toxic to aquatic organisms and can have an adverse effect on the reproductive system of fish.
In addition, Proviplast 1783 can be toxic to some bacteria and fungi and can cause skin irritation and allergies in humans.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF PROVIPLAST 1783:
The use of Proviplast 1783 in scientific research is likely to continue to grow in the future.
Some potential future directions include: the development of new methods for synthesizing organic compounds using Proviplast 1783; the development of new polymers that are more resistant to Proviplast 1783; the exploration of new applications for Proviplast 1783 in the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics; the development of methods for extracting and purifying proteins and enzymes using Proviplast 1783; the exploration of new uses for Proviplast 1783 as a lubricant; and the development of new methods for minimizing the environmental impact of Proviplast 1783.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROVIPLAST 1783:
Density: 0.967
Melting point: -50℃
Boiling point: 344℃
Refractive index: 1.4432-1.4452
Flash Point: >230?°F
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
Precise Quality: 402.29800
PSA: 71.06000
logP: 4.53880
Appearance: DryPowder; Liquid; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals
Storage: Ambient temperatures.
Chemical Properties: CLEAR VERY SLIGHTLY YELLOW LIQUID Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate)Supplier
Water Solubility: Insoluble
Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
StorageTemp: Keep container closed when not in use.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Melting point: −50 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 344 °C(lit.)
density: 0.97 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure : 0.001Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.445
Fp: >230 °F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
LogP: 6.1 at 25℃
NIST Chemistry Reference: Triethylene glycol, bis[2-ethylhexyl] etser(94-28-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (94-28-0)

Molecular Weight： 402.565
Exact Mass： 402.57
EC Number： 202-319-2
UNII： GE16EV367Q
DSSTox ID： DTXSID3026564
HScode： 2918990090
PSA： 71.06000
XLogP3： 5.57
Appearance： DryPowder; Liquid; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals
Density： 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
Melting Point： −50 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point： 200-210 °C @ Press: 0.5 Torr
Flash Point： 194.6±23.2 °C
Refractive Index： 1.451
Water Solubility： Insoluble
Storage Conditions： Keep container closed when not in use.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Molecular Weight:402.6
XLogP3:5.4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:6
Rotatable Bond Count:21
Exact Mass:402.29813906
Monoisotopic Mass:402.29813906
Topological Polar Surface Area:71.1
Heavy Atom Count:28
Complexity:349
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:2
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

Molecular Weight: 402.6
XLogP3-AA: 5.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 21
Exact Mass: 402.29813906
Monoisotopic Mass: 402.29813906
Topological Polar Surface Area: 71.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 349
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: colorless
Odor: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Vapor Density: Not available.
Evaporation Rate:Not available.

Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: 219 deg C @ 5.00mm Hg
Freezing/Melting Point:-50 deg C
Decomposition Temperature:Not available.
Solubility: Negligible.
Specific Gravity/Density:.9670g/cm3
Molecular Formula:C22H42O6
Molecular Weight:402.57
Melting point: −50 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 344 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.97 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.445
Flash point: >230 °F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
LogP: 6.1 at 25℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL BIS(2-ETHYLHEXANOATE)
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
FDA UNII: GE16EV367Q
NIST Chemistry Reference:Triethylene glycol, bis[2-ethylhexyl] etser(94-28-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (94-28-0)

Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in: water, 0.04851 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Molecular Formula: C22H42O6
Molar Mass: 402.57
Density: 0.97g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: −50°C(lit.)
Boling Point: 344°C(lit.)
Flash Point: >230°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
Vapor Presure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.445
Physical and Chemical Properties: Chroma (Pt-Co)≤ 50
acid value (as HAC): ≤% 0.07
flash point (Open Cup ° c): ≥ 207
purity: ≥% 98.5
viscosity: 20 ° c/mpa.s 16.1±0.3
relative density (20 ° c/20 ° c): 0.969±0.0003



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 1783:
-Eyes:
Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids.
Get medical aid immediately.
-Skin:
Get medical aid.
Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash clothing before reuse.
-Ingestion:
If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Get medical aid immediately.
-Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 1783:
-Spills/Leaks:
Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in suitable container.
Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section.
Provide ventilation.
-Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Use only in a well-ventilated area.
-Storage:
Keep container closed when not in use.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 1783:
-Extinguishing Media:
Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire.
Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.
*Flash Point: 390e deg F ( 198.89 deg C)
*Autoignition Temperature: 725 deg F ( 385.00 deg C)
Explosion Limits, Lower:0.46 volume %
*Upper: Not available.
-NFPA Rating: (estimated) Health: 1; Flammability: 1; Instability: 0



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROVIPLAST 1783:
-Personal Protective Equipment:
*Eyes:
Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses.
*Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves.
*Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROVIPLAST 1783:
-Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Use only in a well-ventilated area.
-Storage:
Keep container closed when not in use.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROVIPLAST 1783:
-Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
-Hazardous Polymerization:
Will not occur.



SYNONYMS:
1,2-Bis-[2-(2-ethyl-hexanoyloxy)-ethoxy]-ethane
3G8
3GEH
3GO
Eastman TEG-EH
Flexol 3GO
Oxsoft 3G8
Plasticizer 3GO
Proviplast 1783
S 2075
Solusolv 2075
TEG-EH
TegMeR 803
Triethylene Glycol 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid Diester
Triethylene glycol bis(ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene Glycol di(2-Ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene Glycol di-2-Ethylhexoate
Triethylene Glycol Diisooctanoate
WVC 3800
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-,1,1′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-,diester with triethylene glycol
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-,1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) ester
Triethylene glycol,bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexoate
Flexol 3GO
Triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate)
3GO
Triethylene glycol bis(ethylhexanoate)
S 2075
TegMeR 803
3G8
Triethylene glycol 2-ethylhexanoic acid diester (1:2)
Solusolv 2075
WVC 3800
Triethylene glycol diisooctanoate
Oxsoft 3G8
Eastman TEG-EH
TEG-EH
3GEH
Proviplast 1783
Plasticizer 3GO
1,2-Bis-[2-(2-ethyl-hexanoyloxy)-ethoxy]-ethane
1330-87-6
73513-61-8
1264485-21-3
1,2-bis-[2-(2-ethyl-hexanoyloxy)-ethoxy]-ethane
2-(2-(2-[(2-Ethylhexanoyl)oxy]ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 2-ethylhexanoate
2-ethyl-hexanoicacidiesterwithtriethyleneglycol
Ethane, 1,2-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-, di-(2-ethylhexanoate)-
Flexol plasticizer 3go
flexol3go
flexolplasticizer3go
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) ester
fle
teg(eh)
flexol3go
Kodaflex TEG-EH
flexolplasticizer3go
TEGdi(2-ethylhexoate)
Flexol plasticizer 3go
TRIETHYLENEGLYCOLBIS(2-ETHYLHEXOATE)
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL DI(2-ETHYLHEXOATE)
Triethyleneglycol di-2-ethylhexanoate
Triethylene glycol, bis(ethylhexanoate)
TRI(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) BIS(2-ETHYLHEXANOAT
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL BIS(2-ETHYLHEXANOATE)
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL BIS(2-ETHYL CAPROANATE)
2,2′-Ethylendioxydiethylbis(2-ethylhexanoat)
Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate),97%
2,2'-Ethylenedioxydiethyl bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
1,2-bis-[2-(2-ethyl-hexanoyloxy)-ethoxy]-ethane
2-ethyl-hexanoicacidiesterwithtriethyleneglycol
Tri(ethylene glycol) bis(2-ethylhexanoate), 90+%
TRI(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) BIS(2-ETHYLHEXANOAT E) TECH.
2,2'-(Ethylenebisoxy)bisethanol di(2-ethylhexanoate)
2,2'-(Ethylenebisoxy)bisethanol bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
Hexanoic acid, ethyl-, diester with triethylene glycol
Ethane, 1,2-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-, di-(2-ethylhexanoate)-
Triethylene Glycol Di-2-ethylhexoate(Triglycol dioctate)
ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxyethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
Hexanoicacid,2-ethyl-,1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)ester
2-(2-(2-[(2-Ethylhexanoyl)oxy]ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 2-ethylhexanoate
Di(2-ethylhexanoic acid)2,2'-(ethylenebisoxy)bis(ethan-1-yl) ester
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) ester
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, 1,1'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester
94-28-0
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL BIS(2-ETHYLHEXANOATE)
Flexol 3GO
Flexol plasticizer 3GO
2,2'-Ethylenedioxydiethyl bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexoate)
2-[2-[2-(2-ethylhexanoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-ethylhexanoate
Triethylene glycol, bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) ester
(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, diester with triethylene glycol
GE16EV367Q
ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxyethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
CAS-94-28-0
EINECS 202-319-2
BRN 1806809
UNII-GE16EV367Q
AI3-01451
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)) ester
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,1'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester
Kodaflex TEG-EH
Triethylene glycol, bis(ethylhexanoate)
Tri(ethylene glycol) bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
EC 202-319-2
TEGMER 803
SCHEMBL32980
1,2-bis-[2-(2-ethyl-hexanoyloxy)-ethoxy]-ethane
CHEMBL3185676
DTXSID3026564
CHEBI:189116
Tox21_202276
Tox21_300309
MFCD00072285
triethyleneglycolbis(2-ethylhexanoate)
triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate)
NCGC00164193-01
NCGC00164193-02
NCGC00164193-03
NCGC00254146-01
NCGC00259825-01
BS-42438
FT-0699721
Triethylene glycol, bis[2-ethylhexyl] ester
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL DI-2-ETHYLHEXANOATE
F77942
A859486
Tri(ethylene glycol) bis(2-ethylhexanoate), 97%
W-109350
Hexanoic acid, ethyl-, diester with triethylene glycol
Q27279058
Ethane, 1,2-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-, di-(2-ethylhexanoate)-
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL 2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID DIESTER (1:2)
(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl)bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
2-(2-(2-[(2-Ethylhexanoyl)oxy]ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 2-ethylhexanoate #
HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-, 1,2-ETHANEDIYLBIS(OXY-2,1- ETHANEDIYL) ESTER
1,2-bis-[2-(2-ethyl-hexanoyloxy)-ethoxy]-ethane
2-(2-(2-[(2-Ethylhexanoyl)oxy]ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 2-ethylhexanoate
2-ethyl-hexanoicacidiesterwithtriethyleneglycol
Ethane, 1,2-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-, di-(2-ethylhexanoate)-
Flexol plasticizer 3go
flexol3go
fl
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) ester
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, diester with triethylene glycol
Flexol plasticizer 3GO
Triethylene glycol, bis(ethylhexanoate)
Kodaflex TEG-EH
Ethane, 1,2-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-, di-(2-ethylhexanoate)-
Triethylene glycol, bis[2-ethylhexyl] ester
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,1'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester
Triethylene glycol, bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene glycol, bis[2-ethylhexyl] etser
2,2'-ethylenedioxydiethyl bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, 1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) ester (9CI)
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, diester with triethylene glycol (6CI,7CI,8CI)
Triethylene glycol,bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (8CI)
3GO
Flexol 3GO
S 2075
TegMeR 803
Triethyleneglycol bis(ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexoate
1,2-bis-[2-(2-ethyl-hexanoyloxy)-ethoxy]-ethane
2-(2-(2-[(2-Ethylhexanoyl)oxy]ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 2-ethylhexanoate
2-ethyl-hexanoicacidiesterwithtriethyleneglycol
3G8
3GEH
3GO
Eastman TEG-EH
Ethane, 1,2-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-, di-(2-ethylhexanoate)-
Flexol 3GO
Flexol plasticizer 3go
flexol3go
flexolplasticizer3go
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,1′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) ester
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, diester with triethylene glycol
Oxsoft 3G8
Plasticizer 3GO
Proviplast 1783
S 2075
Solusolv 2075
TEG-EH
TegMeR 803
Triethylene glycol 2-ethylhexanoic acid diester (1:2)
Triethylene glycol bis(ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexoate
Triethylene glycol diisooctanoate
Triethylene glycol, bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
WVC 3800
flexol3go
flexolplasticizer3go
Flexol plasticizer 3go
Triethylene Glycol Di-2-Ethylhexoate
1,2-bis-[2-(2-ethyl-hexanoyloxy)-ethoxy]-ethane
2-ethyl-hexanoicacidiesterwithtriethyleneglycol
2,2'-ethylenedioxydiethyl bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
2-(2-(2-[(2-Ethylhexanoyl)oxy]ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 2-
Ethane, 1,2-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-, di-(2-ethylhexanoate)-
ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxyethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
2-(2-(2-[(2-Ethylhexanoyl)oxy]ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 2-ethylhexanoate
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) ester

Proviplast 2604 is a good environmental plasticizers, lubricants.
At room temperature, Proviplast 2604 is non-toxic, it has fruit flavor, it is colorless oily liquid.
Proviplast 2604 is a citrate ester which is used as solvent in numerous applications and as a general purpose plasticizer for PVC polymers and cellulosic films.


CAS Number: 77-94-1
EC Number: 201-071-2
MDL number: MFCD00027217
Molecular Formula: C18H32O7
Chemical Name: Acetyl tributyl citrate


Proviplast 2604 is an ester of citric acid.
Proviplast 2604 is soluble in most organic solvents.
Proviplast 2604 has low volatility, good compatibility with resin, and high plasticizing effect.


Proviplast 2604 is a citrate ester which is used as solvent in numerous applications and as a general purpose plasticizer for PVC polymers and cellulosic films.
Proviplast 2604 is safe to use, has low odour and excellent colour stability.
Proviplast 2604 acts as a bio based plasticizer.


Proviplast 2604 provides superior low temperature flexibility properties to a variety of polymers as well as good oil resistance.
The low temperature benefits make Proviplast 2604 an excellent choice for food packaging applications.
Proviplast 2604 possesses excellent compatibility with cellulosics, vinyls and acrylics.


Proviplast 2604 is insoluble in water at 25°C.
Proviplast 2604 can endow products with good cold resistance, water resistance and mildew resistance.
Proviplast 2604 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 tonnes per annum.


Proviplast 2604 is a citrate ester which is used as solvent in numerous applications and as a general purpose plasticizer for PVC polymers and cellulosic films.
Proviplast 2604 provides superior low temperature flexibility properties to a variety of polymers.
The low temperature benefits make Proviplast 2604 an excellent choice for inks and coatings in food packaging applications.


Proviplast 2604 is a carbonyl compound.
Proviplast 2604 is a natural product found in Artemisia baldshuanica, Lonicera caerulea, and Calophyllum inophyllum with data available.
Proviplast 2604 is safe to use, has low odour and excellent colour stability.


Proviplast 2604 acts as a bio based plasticizer.
Proviplast 2604 provides superior low temperature flexibility properties to a variety of polymers as well as good oil resistance.
The low temperature benefits make Proviplast 2604 an excellent choice for food packaging applications.


Proviplast 2604 possesses excellent compatibility with cellulosics, vinyls and acrylics.
Proviplast 2604 is insoluble in water at 25°C.
Proviplast 2604 provides superior low temperature flexibility properties to a variety of polymers.


Proviplast 2604's Boiling point is 170℃ (133.3Pa), flash point (open cup) is 185℃.
Proviplast 2604 is soluble in most organic solvents.
Products can be given a good cold resistance, water resistance and mildew resistance.


Proviplast 2604's volatile is small, it has good compatibility with the resin, it has high efficiency in plastification, in Europe and other countries it is allowed for food packaging and medical products, as well as children's soft toys, pharmaceuticals, medical products, flavors and fragrances, cosmetics manufacturing and other industries.
Proviplast 2604 which prepared by lubricating oil can have good lubricating properties.


Proviplast 2604 which is resin plasticized can exhibit good transparency and low temperature flexural properties, and has low volatility and low extraction resistance in different media, thermal stability, it does not change color when be heat.
Proviplast 2604 is a new non-toxic plasticizer, because it has good compatibility, high plasticizing efficiency, non-toxic and less volatile, weather resistance and other characteristics of broad interest.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROVIPLAST 2604:
Proviplast 2604 is innocuous plasticizer, it can be used for granulation of non-toxic PVC, it can be used for packaging materials in food production, soft toys for children, medical products, the plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride copolymers, cellulose resin.
Proviplast 2604 is used as the preferred alternative green products in place of phthalic dimethyl esters.


Proviplast 2604 is used as plasticizer and solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers; in polishes, inks and similar.
Proviplast 2604 is also used as anti-foam agent.
Proviplast 2604, is a non-phthalate plasticizer, that can be used for the preparation of resins.


Proviplast 2604 can also used for the synthesis of Acetyl Tributyl Cirate, a valuable biodegradable plasticizer of low toxicity, found in nail polish and other cosmetics.
The low temperature benefits make Proviplast 2604 an excellent choice for inks and coatings in food packaging applications.
Proviplast 2604 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 2604 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Proviplast 2604 is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, inks and toners, perfumes and fragrances, polymers and cosmetics and personal care products.


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 2604 is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Proviplast 2604 can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Proviplast 2604 can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).


Proviplast 2604 is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, inks and toners, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases and polymers.
Proviplast 2604 is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Proviplast 2604 is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and machinery and vehicles.


Other release to the environment of Proviplast 2604 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Proviplast 2604 is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, polymers, inks and toners, perfumes and fragrances, cosmetics and personal care products, laboratory chemicals and lubricants and greases.
Release to the environment of Proviplast 2604 can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.


Proviplast 2604 is used in the following products: polymers, adhesives and sealants, inks and toners, perfumes and fragrances, cosmetics and personal care products, coating products, laboratory chemicals and lubricants and greases.
Proviplast 2604 is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Proviplast 2604 is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, food products and machinery and vehicles.


Release to the environment of Proviplast 2604 can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Proviplast 2604 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Proviplast 2604 is a non-phthalate plasticizer which can be used to prepare resins.


Proviplast 2604, is a non-phthalate plasticizer, that can be used for the preparation of resins.
Proviplast 2604 can also used for the synthesis of Acetyl Tributyl Cirate, a valuable biodegradable plasticizer of low toxicity, found in nail polish and other cosmetics.
Proviplast 2604, also known as Tributyl Acetyl Citrate or butyl acetylcitrate, is a biodegradable plasticizer of low toxicity.


Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Proviplast 2604 is added to zein film to enhance its mechanical properties for industrial processing.
Proviplast 2604 is used to plasticize polymers for coating solid drug dosage forms, tablets and capsules.


Certified pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to pharmacopeia primary standards.
Proviplast 2604 is non-toxic, can be used for non-toxic PVC granulation, production of food packaging materials, children’s soft toys, medical products, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride copolymer, cellulose resin plasticizer.


-Proviplast 2604 can be used:
*To incorporate in zein film to enhance its mechanical properties for industrial processing.
*As a plasticizer to improve the ductile properties of poly(lactide) polymers.


-Pharmaceutical Applications:
Proviplast 2604 is used to plasticize polymers in formulated pharmaceutical coatings.
The coating applications include capsules, tablets, beads, and granules for taste masking, immediate release, sustained-release, and enteric formulations.


-Cosmetic Uses of Proviplast 2604:
*film formers
*plasticisers
*solvents


-Application of Proviplast 2604:
*Can be used in many products such as,
*Sealed food container, Glassine,
*Wrapping paper for food,
*Special ink,
*Paint,
*Electric wire,
*Adhesives,
*Vinyl latex,
*Artificial flavor, Solvent for household and industrial detergent,
*Film former in hair spray and cosmetic ,
*PVC, Toys, Automotive hoses, Anti-electrostaic agent



DESCRIPTION OF PROVIPLAST 2604:
*Plasticizer to improve toughness at low temperature
*Many types are available to fit various resins
*Food grade
*Environmental protection
*Conform EU standard



FEATURES OF PROVIPLAST 2604:
*Keep toughness at low temperatue
*Environment friendly



HIGHLIGHTS OF PROVIPLAST 2604:
*Low temperature flexibility and good oil resistance
*Approved for food contact (direct and indirect) and pharmaceutical applications
*Excellent compatibility with cellulosics, vinyls and acrylics



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROVIPLAST 2604:
Proviplast 2604 is colorless, oily liquid, slightly scented.
Proviplast 2604 is insoluble in water, soluble in methanol, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, acetic acid, castor oil, mineral oil, organic solvents.
Proviplast 2604 is colorless or pale-yellow, stable, odorless, nonvolatile liquid.
Proviplast 2604 is practically insoluble in water.
Proviplast 2604 is a clear, odorless, practically colorless, oily liquid.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF PROVIPLAST 2604:
Proviplast 2604 is prepared by the esterification of citric acid with butanol.



ENVIRONMENTAL:
With the growing awareness of environmental protection and improvement of environmental regulations, the development and production of Proviplast 2604 has excellent prospects.
Proviplast 2604 is usually caused with citric acid and n-butanol in the presence of catalyst by esterifying, the conventional catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid, although its low price, high catalytic activity, it can cause serious corrosion for equipment, post-processing process is complex, the select of reaction is poor, environmental pollution is serious and other defects, and thus the work of seeking alternative catalysts in place of concentrated sulfuric acid is very active, some better catalytic effect of the catalyst has been found:

[Sodium bisulfate catalytic synthesis of Proviplast 2604]
Monohydrate Sodium hydroxide is a strong ionic compounds, the study found that it is soluble in water, aqueous solution is strongly acidic but it is insoluble in organic acids and alcohols reaction system, it can be used as a catalyst for esterification, studies show that the catalyst has a high activity catalytic, good stability, high yield, easy separation, convenient synthesis method, no corrosion, no pollution and other advantages.

[Synthesis of solid superacid catalyst]
Superacid is an acid, which the strength is greater than 100% sulfuric acid.
Studies have shown that using it as a catalyst for the esterification reaction has good selectivity, fast response, high yield, easy separation, ease of operation, and the catalyst is stable, reusable, non-corrosive, non-polluting, it is a kind of promising catalyst.

[Synthesis of p-toluenesulfonic acid catalysis]
Toluenesulfonic acid is a strong organic acid, it can be used to instead of concentrated sulfuric acid as the esterification catalyst, and the corrosion for equipment and waste pollution is much smaller than that of sulfuric acid, it is also high activity and selectivity, cheap, dosage less, good product color, it is fit catalyst for industrial production.

[Miscellaneous catalytic synthesis of Proviplast 2604]
Heteropolyacid is a multi-proton acid, the stronger of acidity, the more conducive to the formation of salt, it provide more favorable conditions for other nucleophilic attack, thus it speeds up the rate of the esterification reaction.
It is non-volatile, the thermal stability is well, it also cause less pollution and can reduce equipment corrosion, it is an ideal esterification catalyst.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROVIPLAST 2604:
Molecular Weight: 360.4
XLogP3-AA: 2.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 17
Exact Mass: 360.21480336
Monoisotopic Mass: 360.21480336
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 25
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 382
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: ≥300 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 234 °C (17 mmHg)
density: 1.043 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
refractive index: n20/D 1.445
Fp: 300 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Miscible with acetone, ethanol, and vegetable oil; practically insoluble in water.
pka: 11.30±0.29(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,1564
BRN: 1806072
InChIKey: ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-94-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Butyl citrate(77-94-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tributyl ester (77-94-1)

Physical state: clear, viscous liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting
point/freezing point:
No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available

Density: 1,043 g/mL at 20 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Formula: C18H32O7
Molecular Weight: 360.44
Rotatable Bond Count: 17
Exact Mass: 360.21480336
Monoisotopic Mass: 360.21480336
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 25
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 382
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Physical State: Liquid
Boiling Point: 234 °C 17mmHg
Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 300 °C
Density: 1.043g/ml
Appearance: Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid
SMILES: CCCCOC(=O)CC(CC(=O)OCCCC)(C(=O)OCCCC)O
InChI: ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI Key: InChI=1S/C18H32O7/c1-4-7-10-23-15(19)13-18(22,17(21)25-12-9-6-3)14-16(20)24-11-8-5-2/h22H,4-14H2,1-3H3
H-Bond Donor: 1
H-Bond Acceptor: 7
Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Viscosity: 32cp (25°C)
Alpha Sort: Tributyl citrate
Refractive Index: 1.443-1.446
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.03704 to 1.04700 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.629 to 8.712
Refractive Index: 1.44300 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -20.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 1.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1.000000 mmHg @ 170.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 12.4 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 285.00 °F. TCC ( 140.56 °C. )
logP (o/w): 4.324 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 27.37 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in: water
Stability: will not support fungous grouth in resins



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 2604:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 2604:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROVIPLAST 2604:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROVIPLAST 2604:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROVIPLAST 2604:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROVIPLAST 2604:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
TRIBUTYL CITRATE
77-94-1
tributyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Butyl citrate
Tri-n-butyl citrate
Citroflex 4
Citric acid, tributyl ester
n-Butyl citrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tributyl ester
Morflex tbc
Citroflex c 4
NSC 8491
NSC-8491
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, tributyl ester
827D5B1B6S
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 1,2,3-tributyl ester
Butyl citrate (VAN)
MFCD00027217
Tributyl 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (Tributyl Citrate)
Citric Acid Tributyl Ester
EINECS 201-071-2
BRN 1806072
UNII-827D5B1B6S
AI3-00394
Tributyl 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
Citric acid tributyl
Tributyl citrate [NF]
EC 201-071-2
Tributyl2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
BUTYL CITRATE [MI]
SCHEMBL24668
Citric acid tri-n-butyl ester
Tributyl citrate, >=97.0%
TRIBUTYL CITRATE [INCI]
CHEMBL2107619
DTXSID5051442
NSC8491
TRIBUTYL CITRATE [MART.]
CHEBI:176825
TRIBUTYL CITRATE [USP-RS]
ZINC3875494
AKOS015839595
TRIBUTYL CITRATE [EP IMPURITY]
DS-4667
DB-056272
C0366
FT-0631337
A839297
Tributyl 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate #
Q1954892
W-104292
TRIBUTYL ACETYLCITRATE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
2-Hydroxy-1,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, tributyl ester
1,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tributyl ester
2-HYDROXY-1,2,3-PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC ACIDTRIBUTYL ESTER
Tributyl citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Tributyl citrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard
Certified Reference Material
N-BUTYLCITRATE
Citroflex
TRIBUTYL CITRATE
TRI-N-BUTYL CITRATE
TRIPHENYLBENZYLPHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tributyl ester
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylicacid,2-hydroxy-,tributylester
2,3-propanetricarboxylicacid,2-hydroxy-tributylester
Tri-n-butyl citrate
Tributyl 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 1,2,3-tributyl ester
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tributyl ester
Citric acid, tributyl ester
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tributyl ester
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid 1,2,3-Tributyl Ester
Citric Acid Tributyl Ester
Butyl citrate
Citroflex 4
Citroflex C 4
Citrofol B 1
Morflex TBC
NSC 8491
Tri-n-Butyl Citrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tributyl ester
Citric acid, tributyl ester
n-Butyl citrate
Citroflex 4
Tri-n-butyl citrate
Tributyl citrate
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, tributyl ester
Citric acid tri-n-butyl ester
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 1,2,3-tributyl ester
NSC 8491
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid 1,2,3-Tributyl Ester
Citric Acid Tributyl Ester
Butyl citrate
Citroflex 4
Citroflex C 4
Citrofol B 1
Citrofol BI
Morflex TBC
NSC 8491
Tri-n-Butyl Citrate