Polyhexanide, also known as Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), is a chemical compound belonging to the class of biguanides.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is widely used as an antimicrobial agent and disinfectant due to its broad-spectrum activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.
CAS Number: 32289-58-0
EC Number: 608-723-9
Synonyms: PHMB, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene biguanidine, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Polyaminopropyl biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanidine, Polyhexamethylene dihydrochloride, Polyhexanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide HCl, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, PHMB hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine dihydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine HCl, Polyhexamethylene guanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanide hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, Polyhexanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide HCl, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, Polyhexanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine HCl, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride
APPLICATIONS
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is widely used as a disinfectant in healthcare settings.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is commonly employed to clean and disinfect medical equipment and surfaces.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) finds extensive use in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities to prevent the spread of infections.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is particularly valuable in wound care for preventing and treating infections in open wounds.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is incorporated into wound dressings and gels to promote wound healing while minimizing infection risk.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in contact lens solutions for disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is also found in various personal care products such as hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and skincare formulations.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is effective in preventing infections and controlling microbial growth in both clinical and personal care settings.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in veterinary medicine for disinfecting animal housing, equipment, and surgical instruments.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used topically in animals to treat skin infections and wounds.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) finds applications in agriculture for disinfecting greenhouse surfaces, irrigation systems, and agricultural equipment.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in aquaculture to control bacterial and fungal infections in fish and shellfish.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is found in household disinfectants and cleaning products for its antimicrobial properties.
Polyhexanide is applied in swimming pools and spas to control bacterial and algal growth.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in water treatment systems for disinfecting drinking water and wastewater.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the preservation of industrial products such as paints, coatings, and adhesives.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is incorporated into antifungal coatings for building materials and textiles.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) finds applications in the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the preservation of food and beverages to extend shelf life and prevent spoilage.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the production of antimicrobial textiles for various industries.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in wound irrigation solutions for emergency medical care.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the treatment of burns and scalds to prevent infection and promote healing.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the treatment of respiratory infections and other infectious diseases.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) plays a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness, preventing infections, and promoting public health across various sectors.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in the production of wound debridement solutions for removing necrotic tissue and debris.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) finds applications in the treatment of ear infections and otitis externa in both humans and animals.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is incorporated into wound irrigation solutions for cleansing and disinfecting wounds during medical procedures.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in dental care products such as mouthwashes and dental rinses to reduce oral bacteria and prevent gum diseases.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the treatment of fungal infections such as athlete's foot and nail fungus.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the production of antimicrobial coatings for medical devices, implants, and surgical instruments.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the manufacture of disinfectant wipes and towelettes for convenient surface disinfection.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the treatment of skin conditions such as acne and folliculitis to reduce bacterial colonization.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is incorporated into ophthalmic solutions to prevent contamination and microbial growth.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the treatment of animal wounds and skin infections in veterinary medicine.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the preservation of industrial water systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the treatment of burns and scalds to prevent infection and promote wound healing.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the preservation of cosmetics and toiletry products to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the preservation of industrial fluids such as cutting oils, lubricants, and hydraulic fluids.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in the treatment of fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) to inhibit fungal growth.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the production of wound irrigation solutions for use in emergency medical care.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the treatment of eye infections such as conjunctivitis and keratitis.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the preservation of household products such as cleaning solutions, detergents, and fabric softeners.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the production of antifungal coatings for building materials and textiles.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the treatment of surgical site infections to prevent post-operative complications.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the preservation of water-based paints, coatings, and adhesives to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the treatment of respiratory infections such as sinusitis and bronchitis.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the treatment of swimming pool and spa water to control bacterial and algal growth.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in various industrial applications where effective disinfection and microbial control are required.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) serves as a versatile antimicrobial agent with applications spanning across healthcare, personal care, veterinary medicine, agriculture, and industrial sectors.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is odorless and colorless, making it suitable for use in a wide range of formulations.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) remains effective even in the presence of organic matter, making it suitable for use in various environmental conditions.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is compatible with a wide range of materials commonly used in healthcare and personal care products.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is known for its low toxicity and is considered safe for topical use when used appropriately.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) penetrates microbial biofilms, making it effective in inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is often used in combination with other antimicrobial agents for synergistic effects.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is biodegradable under aerobic conditions, contributing to its environmentally friendly profile.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is recommended for use in infection control protocols and wound management guidelines.
Healthcare professionals rely on Polyhexanide for its role in preventing healthcare-associated infections.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is well-studied and has been extensively researched for its safety and efficacy.
Its broad-spectrum activity makes it valuable in various industries beyond healthcare, including veterinary medicine, agriculture, and water treatment.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is non-corrosive and does not damage surfaces or medical equipment.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is effective against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, making it an important tool in combating antimicrobial resistance.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is widely recognized as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent for various applications.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) plays a vital role in maintaining cleanliness, preventing infections, and promoting public health across various sectors.
DESCRIPTION
Polyhexanide, also known as Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), is a chemical compound belonging to the class of biguanides.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is widely used as an antimicrobial agent and disinfectant due to its broad-spectrum activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.
The chemical structure of Polyhexanide consists of repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide, with a hydrochloride salt group attached.
This structure gives it the ability to disrupt the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is commonly utilized in healthcare settings for disinfecting medical equipment, surfaces, and wounds.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is also found in various personal care products, such as hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and skincare formulations, for its antimicrobial properties.
In addition to its applications in healthcare and personal care, Polyhexanide is used in other industries, including veterinary medicine, agriculture, water treatment, and industrial preservation.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) plays a crucial role in infection control, wound management, and general hygiene practices due to its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is a potent antimicrobial agent widely used for disinfection purposes.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) possesses strong activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is often employed in healthcare settings for its effectiveness in preventing infections.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is particularly valuable in wound care for its ability to prevent and treat infections in open wounds.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is commonly found in wound dressings and gels to promote wound healing while minimizing the risk of infection.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in various personal care products such as hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and skincare formulations.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is known for its stability and long-lasting antimicrobial activity, making it a preferred choice in many applications.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) works by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is typically well-tolerated by the skin and mucous membranes when used as directed.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is often incorporated into contact lens solutions to disinfect and clean contact lenses effectively.
PROPERTIES
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Typically a clear, colorless liquid or solid.
Odor: Odorless or may have a faint characteristic odor.
Melting Point: Typically ranges from 145°C to 155°C.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before reaching a specific boiling point.
Density: Approximately 1.1 to 1.2 g/cm³.
Solubility: Soluble in water and many organic solvents.
pH: Typically acidic in aqueous solutions, with a pH range of 4 to 6.
Vapor Pressure: Low vapor pressure at room temperature.
Viscosity: Varies depending on concentration and temperature.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 500 to 1000 g/mol.
Hygroscopicity: May absorb moisture from the atmosphere.
Chemical Properties:
Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n • HCl, where n represents the number of repeating units.
Molecular Structure: Contains repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide with a hydrochloride salt group.
Ionic Character: Forms positively charged biguanide groups in aqueous solutions.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions but may degrade upon exposure to extreme pH, temperature, or light.
Reactivity: Generally compatible with most common materials but may react with strong oxidizing agents or reducing agents.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water but may have limited solubility in non-polar solvents.
Flammability: Non-flammable under normal conditions.
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive to most metals and materials.
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity but should be handled with care to avoid ingestion or prolonged skin contact.
Biodegradability: Considered biodegradable under aerobic conditions, but persistence in the environment may vary.
Photostability: May degrade upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Compatibility: Generally compatible with other chemicals used in formulations, but compatibility testing is recommended.
Chelating Properties: May exhibit chelating properties with certain metal ions.
Oxidation State: Contains nitrogen atoms in both the +1 and +4 oxidation states within the biguanide structure.
Hydrolysis: Stable under neutral and acidic conditions but may undergo hydrolysis under alkaline conditions.
FIRST AID
Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Assist with breathing if necessary. Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Seek medical attention promptly. Transport the individual to a medical facility for further evaluation and treatment.
Skin Contact:
Immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Rinse the affected area thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use soap or mild detergent to cleanse the skin thoroughly, ensuring that all traces of the chemical are removed.
If irritation persists or if skin damage is evident, seek medical attention promptly.
Cover the affected area with a clean, dry dressing to prevent further contamination and irritation.
Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing of the eyes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during the flushing process.
Seek immediate medical attention, and transport the individual to an eye care professional for further evaluation and treatment.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and drink plenty of water to dilute any remaining chemical.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.
Do not administer any oral fluids or medications unless directed by a healthcare professional.
Notes to Physician:
Provide the physician with information regarding the type and extent of exposure.
Monitor the individual for any signs or symptoms of systemic toxicity.
Treat symptoms accordingly based on the individual's condition and response to exposure.
Administer supportive care and appropriate medical interventions as necessary.
Protection of First Responders:
First responders should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the area of exposure to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Prevent further exposure to the chemical by following proper handling procedures and containment measures.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the chemical from entering waterways, sewers, or soil to avoid environmental contamination.
Contain and collect any spilled material using appropriate absorbents and containment measures.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations and guidelines.
Fire and Explosion Hazards:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is not flammable under normal conditions.
In case of fire involving other materials, use appropriate extinguishing agents such as water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO2).
Accidental Release Measures:
Contain the spillage to prevent further spread of the chemical.
Absorb spilled material with inert absorbents such as sand, vermiculite, or commercial absorbent pads.
Collect spilled material in appropriate containers for disposal according to local regulations.
Handling and Storage:
Handle Polyhexanide with care to prevent spills and accidental exposure.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Follow proper handling procedures to minimize the risk of exposure.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling Precautions:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling Polyhexanide.
Use respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation exposure, especially in poorly ventilated areas.
Avoid skin contact and eye exposure by wearing suitable protective gear.
Ventilation:
Work with Polyhexanide in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to vapors or aerosols.
Use local exhaust ventilation or mechanical ventilation systems to control airborne concentrations of the chemical.
Ensure adequate airflow in confined spaces or areas with limited ventilation.
Handling Procedures:
Handle Polyhexanide with caution to prevent spills and accidental exposure.
Use appropriate handling techniques, such as pouring slowly and avoiding splashing or aerosolization of the chemical.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Polyhexanide to prevent ingestion or inhalation of the chemical.
Storage Compatibility:
Store Polyhexanide away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.
Separate from food and feedstuffs to prevent contamination.
Store in a dedicated area with proper containment measures to prevent spills and leaks.
Container Handling:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass, for storing Polyhexanide.
Ensure that containers are tightly closed and properly labeled with the chemical name, concentration, hazard symbols, and handling precautions.
Do not reuse empty containers unless properly cleaned and decontaminated.
Storage Conditions:
Temperature:
Store Polyhexanide in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as it may affect the stability and efficacy of the chemical.
Humidity:
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture ingress and potential degradation of Polyhexanide.
Store in a humidity-controlled environment, if possible, to maintain product integrity.
Light Exposure:
Protect Polyhexanide from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as it may degrade the chemical over time.
Store in opaque or light-resistant containers to minimize light-induced degradation.
Accessibility:
Store containers of Polyhexanide in a location easily accessible for handling and retrieval.
Keep storage areas organized and free from clutter to facilitate inventory management and emergency response.
Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas containing Polyhexanide to authorized personnel only.
Implement security measures to prevent theft, vandalism, or unauthorized use of the chemical.
Emergency Preparedness:
Keep emergency spill control materials, such as absorbents, neutralizing agents, and personal protective equipment, readily available in the storage area.
Develop and implement an emergency response plan for handling spills, leaks, or accidental exposures to Polyhexanide.
