Lauryl glucoside is a type of non-ionic surfactant that belongs to the class of alkyl polyglucosides (APGs).
Lauryl glucoside is commonly used in various personal care and household products.
The chemical structure of lauryl glucoside consists of a lauryl (C12) alkyl chain attached to a glucose molecule.
This combination of a fatty alcohol and a sugar unit results in a surfactant with both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and lipophilic (oil-attracting) properties.

CAS Number: 59122-55-3
EC Number: 261-614-4



APPLICATIONS


Lauryl glucoside is commonly used in the formulation of mild and gentle facial cleansers.
Lauryl glucoside is a key ingredient in sulfate-free shampoos, providing effective cleansing without causing scalp irritation.
Lauryl glucoside is utilized in baby shampoos and body washes due to its mild and non-irritating nature.

Lauryl glucoside contributes to the formulation of eco-friendly and biodegradable dishwashing liquids.
Lauryl glucoside is an essential component in natural and organic hand soaps, aligning with the demand for cleaner and greener products.

Lauryl glucoside is employed in the production of gentle and moisturizing shower gels.
Lauryl glucoside enhances the foaming properties of bubble baths, creating a luxurious and enjoyable bathing experience.
Lauryl glucoside is used in sulfate-free toothpaste formulations for its mild cleaning action on teeth and gums.

Lauryl glucoside is found in facial cleansing wipes, providing an effective solution for makeup removal.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to the formulation of natural and environmentally friendly laundry detergents.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in the production of pet shampoos, offering a gentle cleansing solution for animals.
Lauryl glucoside is utilized in the formulation of mild and hypoallergenic body lotions for sensitive skin.

Lauryl glucoside is an ingredient in natural and organic sunscreen formulations, ensuring a gentle application on the skin.
Lauryl glucoside is used in the production of mild and tear-free baby wipes, suitable for delicate skin.
Lauryl glucoside is found in eco-friendly and sustainable multi-surface cleaners for household use.

Lauryl glucoside is employed in the formulation of sulfate-free and natural hand sanitizers.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to the creation of mild and gentle shaving creams for both men and women.
Lauryl glucoside is utilized in the production of natural and organic facial masks for a soothing and cleansing experience.
Lauryl glucoside is a component in mild and non-stripping hair conditioners for smooth and manageable hair.

Lauryl glucoside is used in the formulation of sulfate-free and natural deodorants, meeting the demand for clean and skin-friendly options.
Lauryl glucoside is found in eco-friendly and biodegradable household cleaning wipes.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to the formulation of sulfate-free and natural body scrubs for exfoliation.
Lauryl glucoside is utilized in the production of mild and non-drying hand foams for effective hand hygiene.
Lauryl glucoside is found in eco-friendly and biodegradable floor cleaners for household use.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in the formulation of gentle and hydrating foaming face washes for daily skincare routines.

Lauryl glucoside is a versatile ingredient in the formulation of sulfate-free and mild body washes, providing a gentle cleansing experience.
Lauryl glucoside is used in the production of natural and eco-friendly hand foams for public spaces and personal use.
The surfactant is found in sulfate-free and environmentally friendly shaving gels, contributing to a smooth and comfortable shaving experience.

Lauryl glucoside is employed in the formulation of sulfate-free and gentle intimate washes, catering to sensitive areas.
Lauryl glucoside is a key component in the production of mild and tear-free baby shampoos, ensuring a soothing and safe bath time.
Lauryl glucoside is utilized in the formulation of sulfate-free and natural facial cleansers for a refreshing and non-irritating cleanse.

Lauryl glucoside contributes to the creation of sulfate-free and environmentally friendly dish soaps, addressing the demand for greener alternatives.
Lauryl glucoside is used in the production of natural and mild hand exfoliants for a gentle removal of dead skin cells.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and eco-friendly hair styling products, offering a balance between hold and mildness.

Lauryl glucoside is employed in the formulation of sulfate-free and natural body mists for a light and refreshing fragrance.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to the production of natural and gentle makeup removers, effectively lifting away makeup without harshness.
Lauryl glucoside is utilized in the formulation of sulfate-free and mild foot scrubs for exfoliation and softening.
Lauryl glucoside is a component in sulfate-free and natural insect repellents, providing an eco-friendly alternative to chemical-based repellents.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and environmentally friendly fabric softeners, contributing to soft and fresh laundry.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in the formulation of sulfate-free and natural pet shampoos for gentle cleansing of fur and skin.

Lauryl glucoside is used in the production of sulfate-free and mild foam cleansers for makeup brushes and beauty tools.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to the creation of sulfate-free and natural mouthwashes, offering a gentle solution for oral hygiene.

Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and eco-friendly carpet cleaners for household use.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in the formulation of sulfate-free and natural cuticle oils for nail care.
Lauryl glucoside is a key component in sulfate-free and environmentally friendly sunless tanners, ensuring an even and natural-looking tan.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and gentle pre-shave oils, preparing the skin for a comfortable shave.
Lauryl glucoside is used in the production of sulfate-free and mild foaming body polishes for smooth and revitalized skin.

Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and eco-friendly surface disinfectants for household and commercial use.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in the formulation of sulfate-free and natural wound care cleansers, providing a gentle antiseptic solution.
Lauryl glucoside is a component in sulfate-free and mild facial toners, contributing to a balanced and refreshed complexion.

Lauryl glucoside is commonly used in the formulation of sulfate-free and gentle exfoliating scrubs for both face and body.
Lauryl glucoside is a key ingredient in sulfate-free and natural hair masks, providing deep conditioning without weighing down the hair.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in sulfate-free and eco-friendly pet wipes for convenient and mild pet grooming.

Lauryl glucoside contributes to the formulation of sulfate-free and natural cuticle removers, aiding in nail care.
Lauryl glucoside is used in sulfate-free and mild hand sanitizers, providing effective cleansing without over-drying the skin.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and eco-friendly aromatherapy sprays, offering a soothing and natural fragrance.
Lauryl glucoside is a component in sulfate-free and gentle foot creams for softening and moisturizing the feet.

Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural antiperspirants, providing a mild and skin-friendly alternative.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in the formulation of sulfate-free and eco-friendly makeup setting sprays for a long-lasting finish.
Lauryl glucoside is used in sulfate-free and mild exfoliating foot scrubs for removing rough skin.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and natural cuticle balms, providing hydration and nourishment to the nails.

Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and eco-friendly cuticle softeners, promoting healthy nail beds.
Lauryl glucoside is commonly used in sulfate-free and gentle facial tonics for a refreshing and balanced complexion.
Lauryl glucoside is a key ingredient in sulfate-free and natural deodorizing sprays for personal and household use.

The surfactant is employed in sulfate-free and eco-friendly rust removers, addressing household cleaning needs.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and mild foot sprays, providing a cooling and revitalizing sensation.

Lauryl glucoside is used in sulfate-free and natural leather cleaners for gentle and effective maintenance.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and eco-friendly jewelry cleaners, ensuring a mild yet thorough clean.
Lauryl glucoside is commonly used in sulfate-free and gentle fabric fresheners for a subtle and natural fragrance.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural stain removers, providing an effective yet mild solution for laundry.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in the formulation of sulfate-free and eco-friendly carpet spot cleaners for household use.

Lauryl glucoside is a component in sulfate-free and mild tattoo cleansers, promoting gentle aftercare.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and natural air fresheners, offering a mild and non-irritating aroma.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and eco-friendly furniture polishes for gentle and effective cleaning.
Lauryl glucoside is used in sulfate-free and mild insect bite relief products, providing a soothing solution for irritated skin.

Lauryl glucoside finds application in sulfate-free and mild sunscreen formulations, contributing to an even and non-greasy application.
Lauryl glucoside is a key ingredient in sulfate-free and natural hair styling gels, offering hold without stiffness.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in sulfate-free and eco-friendly makeup brush cleansers, ensuring thorough yet gentle cleaning.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to the formulation of sulfate-free and mild bath oils, providing a nourishing and relaxing bathing experience.

Lauryl glucoside is used in sulfate-free and natural intimate wipes, offering gentle cleansing for sensitive areas.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and eco-friendly cuticle conditioners, promoting healthy and hydrated nails.
Lauryl glucoside is commonly used in sulfate-free and mild exfoliating lip scrubs for soft and smooth lips.

Lauryl glucoside is a component in sulfate-free and natural cuticle protectants, offering a barrier against environmental stressors.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and eco-friendly toilet bowl cleaners for effective and mild sanitation.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in sulfate-free and natural leave-in conditioners for soft and manageable hair.

Lauryl glucoside is used in sulfate-free and mild body powders, providing a silky and non-irritating feel on the skin.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and eco-friendly automotive cleaners for gentle yet efficient vehicle maintenance.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural eye makeup removers, ensuring gentle and effective cleansing.

Lauryl glucoside is commonly used in sulfate-free and mild hand creams for moisturizing without a greasy residue.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in sulfate-free and eco-friendly glass cleaners, promoting streak-free and clear surfaces.
Lauryl glucoside is a key ingredient in sulfate-free and natural carpet deodorizers, offering a fresh and mild fragrance.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and mild surface disinfectant sprays for household and commercial use.

Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and eco-friendly air purifiers, ensuring a clean and fresh environment.
Lauryl glucoside is used in sulfate-free and natural hair volumizers, providing lift without product buildup.
Lauryl glucoside is a component in sulfate-free and mild leather conditioners for preserving and softening leather goods.
Lauryl glucoside is commonly employed in sulfate-free and eco-friendly plant insecticides for mild yet effective pest control.

Lauryl glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural wound healing balms, providing a soothing and protective layer.
Lauryl glucoside is found in sulfate-free and mild shoe deodorizers, combating odor without harsh chemicals.
Lauryl glucoside is employed in sulfate-free and eco-friendly household grease removers for kitchen surfaces.
Lauryl glucoside is used in sulfate-free and natural bath bombs, providing effervescence and mild skin nourishment.



DESCRIPTION


Lauryl glucoside is a type of non-ionic surfactant that belongs to the class of alkyl polyglucosides (APGs).
Lauryl glucoside is commonly used in various personal care and household products.
The chemical structure of lauryl glucoside consists of a lauryl (C12) alkyl chain attached to a glucose molecule.
This combination of a fatty alcohol and a sugar unit results in a surfactant with both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and lipophilic (oil-attracting) properties.

Lauryl glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant widely used in the formulation of personal care and household products.
Lauryl glucoside is derived from natural sources, combining a lauryl alcohol chain with glucose.
Lauryl glucoside exhibits excellent emulsifying properties, enabling the dispersion of oil and water in various formulations.

The chemical structure of Lauryl Glucoside features a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head, contributing to its surfactant behavior.
Lauryl glucoside is known for its mildness on the skin, making it suitable for use in cosmetic products for sensitive skin types.
Lauryl glucoside is often utilized in shampoo formulations for its ability to create a rich lather while being gentle on the hair and scalp.
Lauryl glucoside is biodegradable, aligning with the growing demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable ingredients.

Lauryl glucoside functions as a detergent, effectively removing dirt and impurities from various surfaces.
Lauryl glucoside is compatible with a wide range of other cosmetic ingredients, contributing to its versatility in formulations.

Lauryl glucoside is commonly found in facial cleansers, body washes, and liquid soaps, providing effective cleansing without causing skin irritation.
Lauryl glucoside contributes to the stability of formulations, ensuring the even distribution of ingredients in products like lotions and creams.
Lauryl glucoside is produced through a green and eco-friendly process, aligning with the increasing demand for natural and sustainable cosmetics.

Lauryl glucoside is an amphiphilic molecule, allowing it to interact with both oil and water phases in formulations.
Lauryl glucoside enhances the foaming properties of products like shower gels, creating a luxurious and satisfying user experience.
Lauryl glucoside is often used in baby care products due to its gentle nature and mild cleansing properties.

Lauryl glucoside can contribute to the overall stability and texture of formulations, improving the feel and appearance of the end product.
Lauryl glucoside is a clear to slightly hazy liquid, making it easy to incorporate into various cosmetic and cleaning formulations.

Lauryl glucoside can be utilized in industrial applications for its emulsifying and dispersing capabilities in manufacturing processes.
Lauryl glucoside is an essential ingredient in sulfate-free formulations, addressing the demand for milder alternatives in personal care products.

Lauryl glucoside is known for its versatility, allowing formulators to create products with different viscosities and textures.
Lauryl glucoside is compatible with a wide pH range, providing stability in formulations with varying acidities or alkalinity.
Lauryl glucoside can contribute to the improvement of the sensorial properties of products, such as their fragrance and feel on the skin.

Lauryl glucoside is a key ingredient in natural and organic formulations, meeting the preferences of consumers seeking cleaner beauty products.
Lauryl glucoside is produced through sustainable practices, often sourced from renewable resources, supporting eco-conscious product development.
Lauryl glucoside exemplifies the balance between effective cleaning properties and a gentle, skin-friendly profile, making it a sought-after ingredient in the cosmetic and cleaning industries.



PROPERTIES


Boiling Point: 301°C at 101.3kPa
Density: 1.16 g/cm3 at 20℃
Vapor Pressure: 0.008Pa at 20°C
Surface Tension: 29.5mN/m at 1g/L and 23°C



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap.
If irritation persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention.


Note to Physicians:

Treat symptomatically based on the individual's condition.
No specific antidote is known.


General Advice:

Ensure that first aid personnel are aware of the substance involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
If symptoms persist or if in doubt, seek medical attention.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and safety glasses or goggles, to minimize skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact.
In case of contact, follow first aid measures and rinse affected areas thoroughly.

Hygiene Practices:
Practice good personal hygiene, including washing hands thoroughly after handling Lauryl Glucoside.

Preventive Measures:
Implement measures to prevent the generation of aerosols or dust during handling.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Lauryl Glucoside away from incompatible materials and substances.
Check the compatibility information provided in the safety data sheet (SDS).

Temperature Control:
Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat sources and direct sunlight, to maintain product stability.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Lauryl Glucoside within the specified temperature range as indicated on the product information or safety data sheet.

Ventilation:
Ensure storage areas are well-ventilated to prevent the buildup of vapors.

Container Integrity:
Store Lauryl Glucoside in containers made of materials compatible with the substance to maintain container integrity.

Incompatible Materials:
Keep Lauryl Glucoside away from incompatible materials, as specified in the safety data sheet.

Segregation:
Segregate Lauryl Glucoside from incompatible substances to prevent chemical reactions or contamination.

Handling Containers:
Handle containers with care to prevent damage or leakage. Follow recommended procedures for lifting and moving containers.

Labeling:
Ensure that containers are labeled correctly with the product name, hazard information, and any necessary precautionary measures.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize personnel with emergency procedures, including spill response and proper cleanup methods.



SYNONYMS


Lauryl Polyglucose
D-Glucopyranose, O-Dodecyl and O-Decyl Derivs.
Decyl Glucoside Laurate
Decyl Glucoside Laurate Polyethylene Glycol Ether
Decyl Glucoside Laurate Polyglyceryl-2
Decyl Glucoside Oleate
Dodecyl D-Glucopyranoside
Dodecyl Glucoside
Dodecyl Polyglucose
Glucopyranoside, Lauryl
Lauryl Glucose
Lauryl Polyglucose Carboxylate
Nonyl Glucoside
Octyl D-Glucopyranoside
Octyl Glucoside
Polyethylene Glycol Ether Decyl Glucoside Laurate
Polyethylene Glycol Ether Lauryl Glucoside Laurate
Polyethylene Glycol Ether Octyl Glucoside Laurate
Polyethylene Glycol Ether Undecyl Glucoside Laurate
Polyglyceryl-2 Decyl Glucoside Laurate
Polyglyceryl-2 Dodecyl Glucoside
Polyglyceryl-2 Dodecyl Glucoside Laurate
Polyglyceryl-2 Lauryl Glucoside
Polyglyceryl-2 Octyl Glucoside Laurate
Undecyl Glucoside
2-Dodecyl-D-glucopyranoside
Decyl Glucose
Decyl Polyglucose
Dodecyl Polyglucoside
Glucoside, Lauryl
Glycoside, Lauryl
Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate
Lauryl Oligosaccharide
Polyglyceryl-2 Dodecyl Glucoside
Lauryl Glucoside Laurate
Decyl Glucoside Laurate Polyglyceryl-2
Lauryl Glucoside Laurate Polyglyceryl-2
Dodecyl Glucoside Laurate Polyethylene Glycol Ether
Lauryl Glucoside Laurate Polyethylene Glycol Ether
Decyl Glucoside Laurate
Lauryl Polyglucose Carboxylate
Polyglyceryl-2 Decyl Glucoside Laurate
Lauryl Glucoside Laurate Polyglyceryl-2
Lauryl Glucoside Laurate Polyglyceryl-2 Oleate
Lauryl Glucoside Oleate
Dodecyl Glucoside Laurate
Octyl Glucoside Laurate
Polyglyceryl-2 Octyl Glucoside Laurate
Lauryl Glucoside Laurate Polyglyceryl-2 Oleate
Lauryl Polyglucoside Carboxylate
1-Dodecyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
Dodecyl β-D-Glucopyranoside
Decyl β-D-Glucopyranoside
D-Glucopyranoside, O-Decyl
Glycoside, Lauryl Poly-
O-Decyl-D-Glucopyranoside
O-Dodecyl-D-Glucopyranoside
Polyoxyethylene (2) Dodecyl Glucoside
2-Dodecyl Glucopyranoside
Decyl Polyglycoside
Lauryl Oligoglucosides
Lauryl Polyglucose Laurate
Polyglyceryl-2 Lauryl Glucoside Oleate
Polyglyceryl-2 Lauryl Glucoside Palmitate
Lauryl Glucoside Palmitate
Polyglyceryl-2 Lauryl Glucoside Linoleate
Polyglyceryl-2 Lauryl Glucoside Linolenate
Lauryl Glucoside Linoleate
Lauryl Glucoside Linolenate
Lauryl Glucoside Oleate Linoleate
Polyglyceryl-2 Lauryl Glucoside Oleate Linoleate
Polyglyceryl-2 Lauryl Glucoside Oleate Linolenate
Lauryl Glucoside Oleate Linolenate
Decyl Glucoside Laurate Polyglyceryl-2 Linoleate
Decyl Glucoside Laurate Polyglyceryl-2 Linolenate

Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is a surfactant and cleansing agent used in cosmetics.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is a glycoside produced from glucose and lauryl alcohol.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) and Octyl glucoside are similar products used in cosmetics.

CAS: 110615-47-9
MF: C18H36O6
MW: 348.47484
EINECS: 600-975-8

Synonyms
D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, C10-16-alkyl glycosides,110615-47-9,D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, C10-16-alkyl glycosides (n=1.3),D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, C10-16-alkyl glycosides (n=1.4),D-glucopyrasone, oligomeric, C10-16-alkyl glycosides,DTXSID50105933

Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is a mild and versatile surfactant commonly used in the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is classified as a non-ionic surfactant and is derived from natural raw materials, making it suitable for various skin types, including sensitive skin.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is composed of a fatty alcohol (lauryl alcohol) and glucose, resulting in a surfactant that exhibits excellent foaming and emulsifying properties.

Due to its gentle nature, Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is often found in products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and baby care items.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) ability to produce a stable lather, coupled with its mildness, makes it a preferred choice for formulations that require effective cleansing without causing irritation.
Additionally, Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is biodegradable, aligning with the growing demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable cosmetic ingredients.

The synthesis of Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) involves the reaction between lauryl alcohol, derived from natural sources like coconut or palm kernel oil, and glucose obtained from cornstarch or other plant-based sources.
This process results in a surfactant that meets the criteria for natural and green formulations.
The versatility, mildness, and biodegradability of Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) contribute to its popularity in the cosmetic industry, where there is a growing emphasis on creating products that are effective, safe, and environmentally conscious.

Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 301℃ at 101.3kPa
Density: 1.16 at 20℃
Vapor pressure: 0.008Pa at 20℃
Form: Solid
InChI: InChI=1/C18H36O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-23-18-17(22)16(21)15(20)14(13-19)24-18/h14-22H,2-13H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17-,18?/s3
InChIKey: PYIDGJJWBIBVIA-KGFPCJIYNA-N
LogP: -0.07 at 20℃
Surface tension: 29.5mN/m at 1g/L and 23℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) (110615-47-9)

Uses
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is a mild surfactant.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) creates an excellent and stable foam.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is useful in hair care products where it aids hair cleaning abilities without stripping the hair.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.

Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is very effective when used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is very useful for Bath Foams, Shower Gel and Shampoo where you wish to increase the foaming ability of the product without a decrease in the natural formulation.
Lauryl Glucoside (APG1214) is biodegradable.

Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is an alkyl polyglucoside (C 12-16 fatty alcohol glucoside), a mild surfactant and skin cleanser with excellent foaming properties derived from natural corn starch, fatty acids, and coconut.


CAS Number: 59122-55-3
EC Number: 261-614-4
Chem/IUPAC Name: Dodecyl β-D-glucopyranoside
Chemical formula: C18H36O6



SYNONYMS:
Dodecyl β-D-glucopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Dodecyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, Dodecyl glucoside, Lauryl polyglucoside, Dodecyl D-glucoside, lauryl glucoside, 110615-47-9, dodecyl d-glucopyranoside, 27836-64-2, EINECS 248-685-7, UNII-VB00RDE21R, VB00RDE21R, D-Glucopyranoside, dodecyl, EC 600-975-8, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-dodecoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, UNII-76LN7P7UCU, GLUCOSIDE, DODECYL, D-, dodecyl--d-glucopyranoside, SCHEMBL57535, CLAON ALL 4 CLEANSER, DTXSID30893048, PYIDGJJWBIBVIA-IHAUNJBESA-N, beta-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, DODECYL, DB14746, W-110711, C10-16 Alkyl Glucoside, D-Glucopyranose, Oligomeric, C10-16-Alkyl Glycosides, D-Glucopyranoside, Dodecyl, Dodecyl D-Glucoside, Glucopyranose, Oligomeric, C10-16-Alkyl Glycosides, Lauryl D-Glucopyranoside, Lauryl Glucoside (INCI), 59122-55-3, Dodecyl glucoside, Dodecyl b-D-glucopyranoside, Dodecyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, n-DODECYL-beta-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, C18H36O6, Dodecyl D-glucoside, D-Glucopyranoside, Dodecyl, Lauryl D-glucopyranoside



Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is an alkyl polyglucoside (C 12-16 fatty alcohol glucoside), a mild surfactant and skin cleanser with excellent foaming properties derived from natural corn starch, fatty acids, and coconut.
In addition, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is non-petrochemical, non-ethoxylated, and readily biodegradable.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) exhibits superior cleansing efficacy as a minimum outcome.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) meets cleansing targets in the same way as standard surfactants while also providing the additional benefit of exceptional mildness in personal care formulations.


A deep pore cleansing test shows that cleaning with water does not remove the soil sufficiently from the skin.
In contrast, the cleansing with both Sodium Laureth Sulfate and Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) shows excellent cleansing efficacy.
The best-combined results in cleansing and mildness are achieved with this "green" ingredient.


According to a study into the effects of alkyl glucoside on the phenomenon of scale lifting during extension of untreated hair fibers, it was found that treatments with Sodium Laureth Sulfate lead to the more extensive weakening of the scale structure of combed fibers.
At pronounced extension levels, cuticle cells start to separate from underlying cuticles.


By contrast, treatments with Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) show less severe scale lifting and reduced angles of scale lifting.
In comparison Sodium Laureth Sulfate, instead, has a strong effect on the hair surface, appearing as the lifting of the cuticle scales.
In terms of cleansing efficacy, the lipometric measurements show the comparable effects of Sodium Laureth Sulfate and Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside).


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a non-ionic surfactant and member of the alkyl glucoside family (e.g. coco glucoside, decyl glucoside) which are substances formed by mixing alcohols and sugar and/or glucose.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is usually sustainably sourced from palm kernel oil, corn sugar, or coconut.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) improves the cleansing process without stripping necessary moisture.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a plant-based surfactant that usually appears as a clear liquid with a mild sweet fatty aroma, and is found in many cleaning products, soaps and cleansers.


Regarding its safety profile, a group of Alkyl Glucosides, including Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside), were assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel in 2013.
They reviewed their safety for dermal exposure in cosmetics and concluded they are “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


EWG notes studies showing allergic contact dermatitis to decyl and Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) exists in a small percentage of the population, and appropriate care should be taken for those with sensitivities.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a surfactant used in cosmetics and laundry detergents.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a glycoside produced from glucose and lauryl alcohol.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is biodegradable.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside)'s Molecular Formula is C18H36O6 and Molecular Weight is 348.5.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is one of several non-ionic surfactants found within the polyglycoside family.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside)’s obtained from the sugars and fatty alcohols found within coconuts, making it a naturally derived renewable resource.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside)'s these types of ingredients that provide the mild and gentle “sudsing” base for body washes, facial cleansers, shampoos, bubble bath, and other liquid cleansing formulations.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) holds a thicker texture than decyl glucoside.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is sulfate free.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is one of several non-ionic surfactants found within the polyglycoside family.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is obtained from coconuts, making it a naturally derived renewable resource.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) holds a thicker texture than decyl glucoside.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a cationic surfactant that has been used in pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a non-irritating, low-toxicity compound that is effective against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is an alkyl glucoside primarily used as a surfactant in common cosmetic, skincare, and household products.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is increasingly used as it is extracted from plant-based sources and considered ecologically safe.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a very mild, non-ionic surfactant that provides gentle cleansing, particularly for oily skin in shampoos, body washes and bubble baths.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is considered safer alternative to regular harsh sulfates.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside), also referred to as Lauryl Glucose, is a surfactant of the anionic type.
This cleansing agent, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside), is made from glucose and lauryl alcohol.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is an odorless liquid that can be light yellow or clear when it comes to appearance.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Dental Care uses of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside): As a surfactant, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) has foaming qualities that make it an effective ingredient in toothpaste and tooth whitening products.
Cosmetics: Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is often used as a cleansing agent and surfactant in cosmetics, including makeup primer, eye makeup remover, BB creams, and eye cream.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) Uses in Puracy Products: Instead of sulfates, Puracy uses Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) as a surfactant and cleanser in many of our foaming products.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is used in some of our personal care and cleaning products for its gentle but effective cleansing properties, and general compatibility with sensitive skin.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is derived from lauryl alcohol (from coconut or palm) and glucose (from corn or potato).
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside)'s what's known as a ‘non-ionic surfactant’, which means the molecules have no charge and help deliver non-streak cleaning.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) also contributes to lather, wetting and suspension of soils in products like shampoo, body wash, bubble bath, laundry products, facial cleansers and toothpastes.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) adds high foaming capacity to your foaming product


When combined with other glucosides helps increase foaming and cleansing richness
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) adds high foaming capacity to your foaming product, if you want more foam in your product add it.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a surfactant and cleansing agent used in cosmetics.


Of course, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) all comes down to personal preferences, and I do feel that the majority of surfactants are not suitable for skincare but that doesn’t mean that all are created equally or that all hold the same purposes in the world of cleaning and cleansing.
Since there are limited ways that one can actually “make soap” we must select the option that works best for our formulation.


You can use the lye and water method, or you can use surfactants.
Besides these two forms of soap making there are precious few other ways of making a high-quality sudsing action product.
You are all pretty much covered when selecting Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) as your base.


Simple blending techniques are used, just add Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) your other water-based additives and stir, adjust the pH of the finished product using either citric acid or lactic acid – thicken if desired and you are finished.
You can add oil-based ingredients to surfactants … however, depending upon the ratio added you will notice a decrease in the lathering ability.


Your own testing will need to be performed as to how much oil your formulation can hold.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) adds high foaming capacity to your foaming product.
When combined with other glucosides helps increase foaming and cleansing richness.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is biodegradable


Blend Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) works excellently blended with Cocamidopropyl betaine.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is water-soluble and proves to be useful when blended alongside ionic formulas to enhance their emulsifying and foam depths.


This Non-ionic surfactant, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside), can be used as an emulsifier, conditioner, or foaming agent.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can be used as both co-surfactant and base-surfactant in skin cleansers because it has the best foaming capacity of the glucosides, and it is also dermatologically compatible.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) assists in enhancing the viscosity and conditioning properties of the final product.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) works slowly compared to other Glucosides, but it certainly has the best cleansing effect and is stable.
The foam-producing ability makes Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) one popular cosmetic raw material in personal care and skincare applications.


Haircare products also use Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) since it has deeply cleansed the hair without stripping the natural oils.
Moreover, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can be used to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties of products like Bath Foams, Shower Gel, and face washes.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is used for external use only.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is used great for baby wash, Pet safe shampoo and Sensitive skin formulation.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is used body wash, face wash, liquid hand soap, shampoo, baby care, sensitive skin care and wipes


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) has been shown to be an effective antimicrobial agent with an adsorption mechanism based on hydrogen bonding.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) also has been shown to have skin cancer prevention properties, as it is able to inhibit the proliferation of human skin cells.


Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can also cause allergic reactions or sensitization in some individuals, while diamine tetraacetic acid (DTA) may be used as a stabilizer in products containing lauryl glucoside.


-Skincare Products uses of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside):
Foaming, emulsifying and stabilizing abilities of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) are incorporated while making skincare products like face washes, cleansers, toner, and even face masks.
Products containing Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) attract the oil, dirt, and other impurities from the skin and rinses off easily.


-Haircare Applications of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside):
Potent foaming and cleansing feature of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is used to make shampoo, hair cleansers, hair masks, and many other hair care products because it effectively removes the filth and grime that gets stuck in the hair without causing any damage to the scalp and hair strands.


-Body Cleanser uses of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) act as a non-ionic surfactant has potent cleansing and purifying function; therefore, it is used to make body cleansers like body wash, shower gels, bubble bath, etc., considering that it cleanses the impurities from the body and at the same time also conditions and nourishes the skin.


-Sunscreen uses of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is made from sustainable and plant-based ingredients that is why it is added in many leave-on products like sunscreens, face creams, toners, etc. as they benefit the skin in so many ways and apart from that they are also completely safe to apply on the skin.


-Moisturiser and Creams uses of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is nonionic surfactants that go through the condensation of glucose with a fatty alcohol.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is primarily derived from palm, coconut, and rapeseed oil, and thus it is used to make moisturizer, creams, and lotions.


-Toothpaste uses of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a very mild dispersant or surfactant that is made from natural resources.
Surfactants also have foaming qualities that are important to disperse toothpaste while brushing.
Because Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is made from body-safe ingredients, it is safe for health.


-Shampoos with Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside):
If chemicals have already damaged the hair, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can be further weakened by treatments with surfactants.
In other words, sensitive hair such as bleached, colored, permed, weathered, or magnificent hair should be shampooed with gentle-action surfactants.


-Skincare and Body Care uses of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside):
As a surfactant and cleansing agent, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) breaks surface tension so dirt and oil are lifted and washed away more easily.
This is a great reason that you can find Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) in shampoo, face washes, bubble bath, body wash, and other personal care products.



WHAT IS LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE)USED FOR?
*Skin care:
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is very effective when used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is very useful for bath foams, shower gel to increase the foaming ability of the product.

*Hair care:
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) creates an excellent and stable foam.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is useful in hair care products where it aids hair cleaning abilities without stripping the hair.



HOW TO USE LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Blend Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) works excellently blended with Cocamidopropyl betaine.



USAGE LEVEL OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Recommended Usage Level of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside):
10% - 20% (Face Wash)
15% - 30% (Shower Gel / Bath Foam / Shampoo)



INDULGENT HIGH FOAM, LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) has the best foaming capacity of the glucosides and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.

We recommend adding 5% Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) to your glucoside based surfactant formulation to boost foam.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) aids the viscosity build up of your final product.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) increases the foaming ability



CHARACTERISTICS OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) creates an excellent and stable foam.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is useful in hair care products where it aids hair cleaning abilities without stripping the hair.

Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is very effective when used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.

Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is very useful for Bath Foams, Shower Gel and Shampoo where you wish to increase the foaming ability of the product without a decrease in the natural formulation.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is biodegradable.



BENEFITS OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Conditioning Properties
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a mild and non-ionic surfactant with excellent skin conditioning and nourishing properties.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) also acts as an emulsifier and stabilizer, which helps to impart moisturization and hydration deeply into the layers of the skin.

*Foaming Ability
Stable foaming ability of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is used in cleansers because it is very mild and gentle on the skin.
The potential of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) to form copious amounts of foam makes it one of the commonly used ingredients in bath gels, shampoos, and skin cleansers.

*Suitable for Sensitive Skin:
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is made from natural ingredients, so it does not affect the skin.
You can add products that contain Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) to your daily beauty regimen.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside)'s tender composition is perfect for sensitive and acne-prone skin.

*Environmental-Friendly:
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is biodegradable, which does not threaten the environment during and after use.
Vegans can use Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) as components derived from natural resources and completely free from animal-derived ingredients.

*Protects from Skin Damage:
Harsh surfactants and skin cleansers usually result in hyperpigmentation, blemishes, and sometimes even acne in deeper skin tones.
Whereas Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a safer alternative for Indian skin as it contains only body-safe ingredients for all skin types.

*Deeply Cleanses Scalp:
Haircare products containing Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) are known for their cleansing and foaming features.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can make the whole product spread easily on the scalp and simultaneously draw all the dirt, grease, and oil from the scalp and hair strands.



WHERE IS LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE) FOUND?
Glucosides are used because of their emulsifying and foaming properties.
For this property, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) may be found in:

*Cosmetics
*Hair dyes
*Shampoos and shower gels
*Tanning formulations.

It is also present in leave-on products such as:
*Sunscreens
*Deodorants
*Fragrances.
More recently, alkyl glucosides have been used in wound care products as well.



ORIGIN OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is a glycoside produced from glucose and lauryl alcohol.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is made by combining corn sugar and either coconut oil or palm oil.
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is derived through natural processes.



WHAT DOES LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Foam boosting
*Skin conditioning
*Surfactant



SAFETY PROFILE OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is considered quite safe for skin as it is a very mild surfactant, that poses little or no risk of irritation, and therefore used for sensitive skin.

A number of agencies such as the Safe Cosmetics Database, GoodGuide database, EcoCert and the Organic Food Federation consider Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) as a safe ingredient.

It is even included in the CIR list of safe ingredients for cosmetics.
10 to 20% Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can be used in facial cleansers while 15 to 30% in shampoos and body washes.
A maximum of 40% of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is permitted for use in any product.



ALTERNATIVES OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
*DECYL GLUCOSIDE,
*COCOGLUCOSIDE



PROPERTIES OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Uncompromising mildness
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is not only gentle on the skin but can reduce the irritation potential of surfactant mixtures.
Compared to other surfactants, Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is much milder and can be used in effective formulas with outstanding ocular and mucous compatibility without trading performance.
During 3D human cornea equivalent model tests, no damage was observed, further confirming the mildness of LG.


*Excellent daily cleaning
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) shows a lower irritation potential than the other surfactants tested, confirming its excellent suitability for ensuring mildness in body washes.
As a measure of skin barrier integrity, the cumulative irritation potential of surfactants is assessed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL).


*Gentle cleansing with the power of nature
The use of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) in shampoo allows consumers to take advantage of the efficacy of nature in removing chemical residues from the hair.

The analysis of silicone remaining on hair shows that, with one-time washing using a stripping shampoo containing Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside), silicone can be reduced by 62% on virgin hair and 77% on bleached hair.
After three washes, the deposit reduction on virgin hair is even more significant.

Compared to Sodium Laureth Sulfate shampoos, this represents a marked improvement.
After using a Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) shampoo, the hair is better prepared for deep penetrating treatments.


*Excellent foam height
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) improves the foam properties of shampoos, produces good, quantitatively stable foam, and sustains its height.


*Sensory profile
In a sensory test comparison of Cocamidopropyl Betaine and Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) as the primary surfactant of shampoo, the results showed no difference in terms of stickiness either in wet hair or during hair drying.
Together with the better-wet combability, better foam properties, and the proven kindness to the skin exhibited by Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside), this finding confirms the superiority of alkyl polyglucosides in shampoo applications.



HOW LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE) IS MADE?
Commercial production of Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) generally starts by mixing palm, corn, or coconut alcohol with either sugar, glucose, or a glucose polymer under acidic conditions.



USAGE RATE OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) can be added to formulas as is.
Typical use level 1-25% depending on desired foaming and cleansing effects.



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Drug Delivery
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside)'s ability to act as a surfactant and its mild nature make it a potential carrier for drug delivery.
Studies have explored its use in:
*Transdermal drug delivery:
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) might improve the penetration of drugs through the skin, potentially aiding in the development of topical drug formulations.

*Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties
Studies suggest Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) might exhibit antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Research has shown its potential effectiveness against:
*Gram-positive bacteria:
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) has been shown to be effective against certain gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus.

*Fungi:
Studies indicate Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) may possess antifungal activity against Candida albicans



WHY DO WE USE LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE) IN FORMULATIONS?
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is mostly used as an emulsifier, conditioner, or foaming agent in cosmetic products as well as it is one of the mildest and most skin-friendly cosmetic ingredients.



STRENGHTS OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) is very mild surfactant blend offering excellent ph-independent foaming and cleansing properties


NOTE, LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Vegans can use products containing Lauryl Glucoside (Dodecyl Glucoside) as it does not comprise components that are derived from animals.



BENEFITS OF LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Very mild surfactant blend offering excellent ph-independent foaming and cleansing properties
*Can replace sulfates
*Low pH stability - performs well in salicylic acid formulations
*Efficient at low use levels
*EO/PO free
*Suitable for baby products and sensitive skin and scalp



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
Molecular Weight: 348.5 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 3.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 13
Exact Mass: 348.25118886 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 348.25118886 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 24
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 301
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 301°C at 101.3 kPa
Density: 1.16 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: 0.008 Pa at 20°C
Surface Tension: 29.5 mN/m at 1 g/L and 23°C
Physical state: Powder
Color: White
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Assay: 95.00 to 100.00%
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in water: 21.19 mg/L @ 25°C (estimated)
Texture: Slippery, detergenty
Scent: No or faint odor
pH: 11-12
Charge: Non-ionic
HLB Value: 13
Appearance: Thick white paste
Solubility: Water
Usage rate: 1 - 25%
Charge: Non-ionic
Active surfactant matter: 50 - 53%
pH range: 4 - 12
Vegan: Yes
Palm oil: Yes*
CAS Number: 59122-55-3

IUPAC Name: Dodecyl β-D-glucopyranoside
INCI Name: Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate
Molecular Weight: 348.48 g/mol
Specific Gravity: N/A
Boiling Point: 499 ± 45.0 °C
Flash Point: 255.6 ± 28.7 °C
Odor: Faint
pH Level: 5.5 to 6.5
HLB Value: 13
Color: Clear to yellowish
Grade Standard: Technical Grade
Shelf Life: 24 months
Form: Liquid
Alternative Names: Dodecyl glucoside, Lauryl polyglucoside
Solubility: Yes
Applications: Cosmetic

Formula: C18H36O6
MW: 348.47
MDL No.: MFCD00063298
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H36O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-23-18-17(22)16(21)15(20)14(13-19)24-18/h14-22H,2-13H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17-,18-/m1/s1
InChI Key: PYIDGJJWBIBVIA-UYTYNIKBSA-N
CAS Number: 59122-55-3
Product Name: Lauryl glucoside
IUPAC Name: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-dodecoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Molecular Formula: C18H36O6
Molecular Weight: 348.5 g/mol
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H36O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-23-18-17(22)16(21)15(20)14(13-19)24-18/h14-22H,2-13H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17-,18-/m1/s1
InChI Key: PYIDGJJWBIBVIA-UYTYNIKBSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O
Synonyms: dodecyl glucopyranoside, dodecyl glucoside, dodecyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O
Isomeric SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCO[C@H]1C@@HO



FIRST AID MEASURES of LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: -20 °C
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LAURYL GLUCOSIDE (DODECYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a mild amphoteric surfactant that can be found in many personal care formulations.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has a unique molecular structure that makes it effective in cleansing, foaming, and conditioning.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine appears as a clear to yellowish liquid with a faint odor that is soluble in water.


CAS Number: 13197-76-7
EC Number: 236-164-7
MDL Number: MFCD00798859
Chem/IUPAC Name: Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3 sulphonatopropyl)dimethylammonium
Molecular Formula: C17H37NO4S


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a fatty alkyl sulfobetaine, which is useful for industrial, household and hair & body care formulations.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a biodegradable high foamier with excellent stability in both extreme acid and alkaline formulations.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is compatible with virtually all other surfactants and it can be solubilized at 2-3% in 30-40% caustic soda solution.


Unlike similar amido-functional sultaines, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is very stable in both acid and alkali and is not subject to degradation through hydrolysis.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine produces a special soft foam and increases the amount of foam.


With the super dispersing power of calcium soap, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 finds application in co-surfactants such as soap base/MAP.
The auxiliary maintains Lauryl Hydroxysultaine's iso-electric state at all pH values, so its effectiveness does not change with pH values ​​and its performance is stable.


At the same time, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine can reduce the irritation caused by anionic surfactants such as AS, AES to skin, mucous membranes and eyes.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 will improve its fluidity and stability.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (LHSB) is a high standard surfactant.


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a fatty alkyl amphoteric surfactant in the sultaine class.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a high foaming, biodegradable surfactant that is compatible with virtually all other surfactants.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a synthetic amphoteric surfactant that is widely used in the cosmetics and personal care industry.


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a mild and gentle surfactant that is known for its excellent foaming and cleansing properties.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is produced by the reaction of lauryl alcohol with sodium bisulfite and then treated with sodium hydroxide to form the final product.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 will effectively control the quality of the foam, produce a special soft foam and increase the amount of foam.


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a must-have ingredient in our hair care products.
You can effectively include Lauryl Hydroxysultaine in your regular hair care regime as it keeps your scalp free from buildup and toxic impurities.
Moreover, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is safe and non-toxic for topical application.


Lauryl Hydroxysultainet is known for its ability to create a rich lather while being gentle on the scalp and hair.
When used in shampoos, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities without stripping the hair of its natural oils, leaving it clean and healthy-looking.


The chemical formula of Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is C17H37NO4S.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is made through a chemical reaction between coconut oil, sodium bisulfite, and sulfuric acid.
The resulting mixture is then neutralized with an alkaline solution to form Lauryl Hydroxysultaine, which is later purified for use in cosmetics.


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a zwitterion (inner salt).
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine shows outstanding properties like pH and low temperature stability, foam quality, hard water tolerance and skin mildness.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (LHSB) Market size is growing at a moderate pace with substantial growth rates over the last few years and is estimated that the market will grow significantly in the forecasted period i.e.2023 to 2030.


Growing knowledge of the numerous advantages of organic products over their synthetic equivalents has resulted in an increase in their demand in recent years.
The Global Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (LHSB) Market report provides a holistic evaluation of the market.


The report offers a comprehensive analysis of key segments, trends, drivers, restraints, competitive landscape, and factors that are playing a substantial role in the market.
Additionally, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine makes hair soft and more manageable.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine will effectively control the quality of foam, make it produce a special soft foam and increase the amount of foam.
With the super dispersing power of calcium soap, Lauryl Lauryl Hydroxysultaine finds its application in auxiliary surfactants like soap-based/MAP auxiliary maintains iso-electric state in all pH values, so its activity won’t change with pH values, and its performance is stable.


At the same time, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is capable of reducing the irritation caused by anionic surfactants like AS, AES to skin, mucosa and eyes.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine will improve its fluidity and improve its stability.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine, a betaine amphoteric surfactant with better foam-increasing ability and foam stability than others, could reduce the irritancy of anionic surfactants on the skin and eyes without reducing the foaming effect.


Excellent thickening ability and viscosity stability, good solubility in water, better resistance to hard water and antistatic ability, makes Lauryl Hydroxysultaine a good alternative for Cocamidopropyl betaine.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is used in shower gels, facial cleansers, soap-based cleansers, mild shampoos, shaving creams, baby cleansers, etc.


In our daily life, we can easily find Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 used in the following products:
Antistatic Agent; Hair Care Ingredient; Skin Care Ingredient; Surfactant, Cleaning Agent; Foam Booster; Viscosity Increasing Agent; foam boosting; skin care; viscosity control goods.


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is used as acid Stable, Adjuvants, Baby Care, Body Wash, Car Wash, Cosmetics, Coupling Agents, Gas Well liquification, Hair Care & Conditioning, Hand Soap, Liquid Dish, Mild Cleansing, Sulfate Free, Wipes
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine can be used as a detergent, wetting agent, thickening agent, antistatic agent and anti-bacterial agent.


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine demonstrates excellent stability in both extreme acid and alkaline formulations and very stable in both acid and alkali formulations and can be solubilized at 2-3% in 30- 40% caustic soda solutions.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a unique foaming surfactant successfully used in sulfate-free and PEG-free formulations in industrial, household and hair & body care applications.


Both anionic and cationic groups bearing hydroxyl groups have all the advantages of amphoteric surfactants.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has high concentration of acid and alkali salt, good emulsifying property, dispersibility and antistatic property.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has the advantages of strong foaming power, non-toxicity, mildness and easy biodegradation.


The main application of Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is to configure shampoo, shower gel, facial cleanser, etc., to enhance the softness of hair and skin.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine can also be used in oil field mining, metal anti-rust detergents, paint strippers, hard surface cleaners, etc.
If you're searching for products that are healthy for curls, look for a gentle cleanser that won't dry out your hair.


Select haircare products with soluble ingredients to ensure elasticity and slip.
Checking the list of ingredients is an excellent practice to develop when taking care of your curls and general health.
If you include Lauryl hydroxysultaine in your regular hair care regime, your haircare journey will definitely improve.


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a rare cosmetic ingredient, as a high standard surfactant, is always be used in mid-high grade shampoo, bath liquid.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine can also be used in petroleum mining, metal antirust detergent, paint stripping agent, and hard surface detergents, etc.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is an excellent detergent that exhibits pronounced mildness in combination with anionic surfactants and soaps.


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine surfactant does not precipitate from solution at an isoelectric pH value and is equally soluble in soft water, hard water, brine and concentrated electrolyte solutions.
Clear solutions with excellent foaming and wetting characteristics can be obtained.


The copious and stable foam produced under a wide variety of conditions suggests Lauryl Hydroxysultaine's use in formulations of heavy-duty, industrial alkaline cleaners such as steam cleaning compounds, wax removers and hard surface cleaners.
Outstanding performance in high concentrations of mineral acids suggests Lauryl Hydroxysultaines' use as a wetting agent in the acid pickling of metals and as a detergent in acid cleaners with scale and lime soap dispersing properties.


Lauryl Hydroxysultaine surfactant provides the synergistic effects of increased foam and stability in combination with alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl-benzene sulfonates and soaps.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a viscosity builder when formulated with anionic surfactants for liquid soaps and shampoos.


-Skin care:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is used as a foaming agent in most skin care products.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine helps to gently cleanse the skin without causing irritation or dryness.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is also effective in removing makeup, sunscreen, and other impurities from the skin


-Hair care:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is highly effective in conditioning and cleaning the hair without stripping it of its natural oils.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine creates a rich lather that helps to remove dirt and oil from the hair while leaving it soft and smooth


-Cosmetic Uses:
*antistatic agents
*cleansing agents
*hair conditioning
*skin conditioning
*surfactants
*surfactant - foam boosting
*viscosity controlling agents


-Applications of Lauryl Hydroxysultaine:
*Shampoos
*Liquid Soaps
*Acid Cleaners
*Metal cleaning
*Bottle washing concentrates
*Heavy duty steam cleaning
*Wax stripping
*Wetting agent in the acid pickling of metals and as a detergent in acid cleaners with scale and lime soap dispersing properties


-Uses of Lauryl Hydroxysultaine:
*ANTISTATIC
*CLEANSING
*FOAM BOOSTING
*HAIR CONDITIONING
*SKIN


-Antistatic Agent;
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is used Hair Conditioning Agent; Skin-
-Conditioning Agent;
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is used Surfactant, Cleansing Agent; Foam Booster; Viscosity Increasing Agent; foam boosting; skin conditioning; viscosity controlling commodities.



ADVANTAGES OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
*High efficiency foam and foam stability;
*Superior resistance to hard water;
*Mild amphoteric surfactant;
*Reducing the irritation of anionic surfactants.



FUNCTIONS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
*Antistatic agent;
*Hair conditioning agent;
*Skin-conditioning agent - miscellaneous;
*Surfactant - cleansing agent;
*Surfactant - foam booster;
*Viscosity-increasing agent - aqueous;
*Foam boosting;
*Skin conditioning;
*Viscosity controlling.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS EFFECTS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
First of all, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 has mild properties, and the anionic surfactant on the skin effectively reduces eye irritation and does not affect the foaming effect;

2. Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 has excellent foaming stability, better than other betaine amphoteric surfactants;

Thirdly , Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 has excellent consistency and viscosity stability, which will thicken the fatty alcohol sulfate, fatty alcohol ether sulfate and saponin system and increase the low temperature stability of the product.

Fourth , Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 has better antistatic, water hardness, calcium soap dispersion and biodegradability than CAB.

5. The Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 has good compatibility and solubility, matching all kinds of surfactants. It can be well dissolved in water.

Both anionic and cationic groups bearing hydroxyl groups have all the advantages of amphoteric surfactants.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine (HSB) CAS 13197-76-7 with high concentration of acid and alkali salt, has good emulsifying property, dispersibility and antistatic property.
This product has the advantages of strong foaming power, non-toxic, softness and easy biodegradation.



LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE'S FUNCTIONS:
*Amphoteric Surfactant (Personal Care)
*Surfactant (Personal Care)
*Surfactant (Home Care)
*Amphoteric Surfactant (Home Care)



FUNCTIONS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
1. Antistatic Agent - Reduces or eliminates the build-up of static electricity.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is hydrolytically stable and soluble in strong electrolyte media.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is the strongest flash foamer in the sultaine class.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is an excellent alternative to betaines for enhanced foam and mildness.



WHAT IS LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE USED FOR?
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a versatile ingredient commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a mild surfactant that is gentle on both the skin and hair, making it an ideal ingredient for people with sensitive skin.



WHAT DOES LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Foam boosting
*Hair conditioning
*Skin conditioning
*Surfactant



LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR INGREDIENTS IN HAIR CARE, BUT WHAT EXACTLY IS LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE, AND WHAT MAKES LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE SO GREAT?
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a common ingredient in many hair care products.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine's a surfactant that helps cleanse the scalp and hair by reducing surface tension.

Lauryl Hydroxysultaine allows better absorption of other components in the product and can also help to reduce frizz.
In addition, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is an emollient that helps soften and smooth the hair shaft.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is also known as Betadet S-20 or Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulphonatopropyl) dimethylammonium.

In the hair care industry, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is known for its outstanding properties as a foam-booster and viscosity-increasing agent.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is stable at a wide pH range and low-temperature stability with hard water tolerance, plus, it is gentle on the skin.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine acts as a mild thickening agent in hair care products and is an amphoteric co-surfactant.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS EFFECTS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
First of all, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has mild properties, and it will effectively reduce the anionic surfactant on the skin, eye irritation, and does not affect its foaming effect;

2nd, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has excellent foaming stability, better than other types of betaine amphoteric surfactants;

3rd, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has excellent thickening and viscosity stability, which will thicken fatty alcohol sulfate, fatty alcohol ether sulfate and saponin system, and improve the low temperature stability of the product.

4th, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has better antistatic, water hardness, calcium soap dispersion and biodegradability than CAB.

5th, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has good compatibility and solubility, matched with all types of surfactants.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine could be well dissolved in water.

Both anionic and cationic groups bearing hydroxyl groups have all the advantages of amphoteric surfactants.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has high concentration of acid and alkali salt, good emulsifying property, dispersibility and antistatic property.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has the advantages of strong foaming power, non-toxicity, mildness and easy biodegradation.



FUNCTIONS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
*Surfactant
*Surfactant (Amphoteric)
*Thickener
*Viscosity Modifier
*Thermal Stabilizer
*Foam Booster
*Cosurfactant
*Cleansing Agent
*Anti-Static Agent



BENEFITS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
*Lauryl Hydroxysultaine offers mildness in combination with anionic surfactants and soaps
*Clear solutions with excellent foaming and wetting characteristics can be obtained.
*Combined effects of increased foam and stability with alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl-benzene sulfonates and soaps
*Viscosity builder when formulated with anionic surfactants for liquid soaps and shampoos
*Outstanding performance in high concentrations of mineral acids
Glycerin-Free
*Highest biobased content of the sultaines offered
*Readily biodegradable per OECD 301 methods



FUNCTIONS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
*Antistatic:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine reduces static electricity by neutralizing the electrical charge on a surface

*Cleaning agent:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine helps keep a surface clean

*Foam Sinergist:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine improves the quality of foam produced by increasing one or more of the following properties: volume, texture and/or stability

*Hair conditioner:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine

*Skin conditioning agent:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine keeps the skin in good condition

*Surfactant:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use

*Viscosity control agent:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics



PREPARATION OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is produced by quaternizing lauryl dimethylamine in situ with sodium oxiran-2-ylmethanesulfonate.



BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
*antistatic agents
*hair conditioning agents
*skin conditioning agents – misc.
*surfactants – cleansing agents
*surfactants – foam boosters
*viscosity increasing agents.



ALTERNATIVES OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
*COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE
*DECYL GLUCOSIDE



OTHER INGREDIENTS LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE IS COMPATIBLE WITH:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine works well with other hydrating ingredients present in hair care products.



SAFETY PROFILE OFLAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is generally considered to be a safe and non-toxic ingredient for use in personal care products.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is mild and gentle on both the skin and hair, and there are no known side effects associated with its use.
Patch testing is not typically required, but it is always a good idea to test any new product on a small area of skin before use.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is also vegan and halal, making it a suitable ingredient for a wide range of consumers.



BENEFITS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE IN HAIRCARE:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is suitable for all types of hair.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has an immense foaming ability and creates an intense lather that makes your hair soft, smooth, and silky.
Let's dig deeper into the advantages of Lauryl Hydroxysultaine in your product.

1. Cleansing:
The ability of this surfactant to bind to gunk and other impurities makes Lauryl Hydroxysultaine an excellent cleaning agent.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is responsible for creating lather in your hair care product, thus cleansing your hair and making it look soft and silky.

2. Anti-static:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine eliminates frizz and dryness by reducing the static charge on your strands, thus helping to detangle your hair, making it more manageable.

3. Foam boosting:
Due to Lauryl Hydroxysultaine's foam-boosting properties effectively cleanses the hair and scalp, enhancing the user experience as well.

4. Hair conditioning:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has emollient properties which keeps the hair well-hydrated.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine conditions dry and rough hair, while adding shine and strength to it.

5. Surfactant:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is mild on your scalp and gently cleans the scalp, preventing buildup.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine keeps your scalp hydrated by retaining the natural oils and preventing dry and itchy scalp, effectively maintaining scalp health.

6. Viscosity controlling:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine acts as a viscosity controlling agent in your hair care product, giving the formula a thick, rich, and creamy consistency.
In hair care, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a highly sought-after ingredient because of its beneficial properties.



HOW TO USE LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE IN HAIRCARE:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is used in hair care products because of its beneficial properties.
Many hair care brands lean on Lauryl Hydrosultaine as it is gentle on the skin and effectively cleanses the scalp to eliminate oily buildup from dirt, sweat, grime, and other impurities.

Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is used because of its excellent foaming and wetting properties which help to increase the spreadability and usability of the product.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is used as a viscosity builder in hair care products to improve the texture and feel of the product.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine acts as an anti-frizz, anti-static, conditioning, and hydrating ingredient in our hair care products.

As a result, the hair strands will feel softer, smoother, and silkier.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine helps in condition curly hair while improving and defining the structure of your curls.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine effectively makes dry, rough, and unruly curls more manageable.

Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a curly-girl-approved amphoteric surfactant that does not deprive your hair of its natural oil, retaining the hydration level of your hair and scalp.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is found in many natural and plant-based organic haircare products such as shampoos, conditioners, cleansing conditioners, hair colours, and scrubs.



HOW TO CHOOSE LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE IN YOUR HAIRCARE:
Check the list of ingredients to look for terms such as Lauryl Hydroxysultaine, LHS, Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulphonatopropyl) dimethylammonium, ammonium betaine Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulphonatopropyl) dimethylammonium 3-[dodecyl(dimethyl)azaniumyl]-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate in your hair care products.
If any of these terms appear on the list of ingredients, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine means your hair care product has Lauryl Hydroxysultaine.



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
The synthesis of Lauryl Hydroxysultaine involves several steps, starting with the reaction of lauryl alcohol with sodium bisulfite.
This reaction produces lauryl sulfonic acid, which is then neutralized with sodium hydroxide to form sodium lauryl sulfonate.
The final step involves the reaction of sodium lauryl sulfonate with dimethylaminopropylamine to form Lauryl Hydroxysultaine.



SYNTHESIS METHOD DETAILS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Design of the Synthesis Pathway:
The synthesis pathway for Lauryl Hydroxysultaine involves the reaction of lauryl alcohol with sodium bisulfite followed by a reaction with dimethylamine and epichlorohydrin.



STARTING MATERIALS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
*Lauryl alcohol
*Sodium bisulfite
*Dimethylamine
*Epichlorohydrin



REACTION OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Lauryl alcohol is reacted with sodium bisulfite to form Lauryl Hydroxysultaine.
The lauryl hydroxysulfonate is then reacted with dimethylamine to form Lauryl Hydroxysultaine.
Finally, Lauryl Hydroxysultainee is reacted with epichlorohydrin to form the final product.



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATION OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has been extensively studied for its use in various applications.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is commonly used in shampoos, conditioners, and other personal care products due to its mildness and gentle cleansing properties.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is also used as a foam booster and stabilizer in many cosmetic formulations.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine works by reducing the surface tension of the liquid it is added to, allowing it to penetrate and clean more effectively.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is also able to dissolve oils and dirt, making it an effective cleanser.



BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine has been shown to be non-toxic and non-irritating to the skin and eyes.
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is also biodegradable and environmentally friendly.



ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS FOR LAB EXPERIMENTS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is widely used in laboratory experiments due to its mildness and low toxicity.
However, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine's use may be limited in certain experiments due to its ability to interfere with certain assays.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
There are several areas of research that could be explored further in relation to Lauryl Hydroxysultaine.
These include Lauryl Hydroxysultaine's potential use in wound healing, as well as its effectiveness in removing certain types of pollutants from water sources.
Additionally, further research could be conducted to explore the potential use of Lauryl Hydroxysultaine in drug delivery systems.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
Boiling point: 350℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 1.1[at 20℃]
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
Water Solubility: 680g/L at 20℃
LogP: -1.3 at 25℃
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 176KKP31OZ
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -3.172 (est)
Soluble in: water, 7.706e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Molecular Weight: 351.5 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 4.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 14
Exact Mass: 351.24432984 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 351.24432984 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 85.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 23
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 363
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 350°C
pH: 6.0-7.0
Solubility: Soluble in water



FIRST AID MEASURES of LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
-Extinguishing media:
--Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
--Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Nature of decomposition products not known.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection
Use safety glasses.
*Skin protection
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Store at room temperature.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
13197-76-7
Lauryl hydroxysultaine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-dodecyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine
UNII-176KKP31OZ
1-Dodecanaminium, N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, inner salt
3-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate
176KKP31OZ
3-[dodecyl(dimethyl)azaniumyl]-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate
EINECS 236-164-7
Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulphonatopropyl)dimethylammonium
1-Dodecanaminium, N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt
Dimethyl (2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)dodecylammonium hydroxide, inner salt
C17H37NO4S
ORISTAR LHS
MACKAM LHS
RALUFON DL-OH
OBAZOLIN AHS-103
SCHEMBL6242017
DTXSID2050035
LAURYL HYDROXYSULFOBETAINE
C17-H37-N-O4-S
LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE [INCI]
(+/-)-LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE
LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE, (+/-)-
Lauryl Sulfobetaine / Lauryl hydroxysultaine
Q27251880
Dodecyl(2- hydroxy- 3- sulphonatopropyl)dimethylammonium
3-(dodecyldimethylazaniumyl)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate
(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)LAURYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE INNER SALT
3-(N,N-DIMETHYL-N-DODECYLAMMONIO)-2-HYDROXYPROPANE-1-SULFONATE
N,N-DIMETHYL-N-DODECYL-N-(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)AMMONIUMBETAINE
AMMONIUM, DODECYL(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)DIMETHYL-, HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT
DODECYL(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)DIMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT
N,N-DIMETHYL-N-LAURYL-N-(2-HYDROXY-1-SULFOPROPYL)AMMONIUM SULFOBETAINE
N-DODECYL-N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(2-HYDROXY-1-SULFOPROPYL)AMMONIUM SULFOBETAINE
N-LAURYL-N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)AMMONIUM SULFOBETAINE
1-DODECANAMINIUM, N-(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)-N,N-DIMETHYL-, INNER SALT
1DODECANAMINIUM, N(2HYDROXY3SULFOPROPYL)N,NDIMETHYL,HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT
AMMONIUM, DODECYL(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)DIMETHYL-, HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT
DIMETHYL (2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)DODECYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT
DODECYL(2-HYDROXY-3-SULPHONATOPROPYL)DIMETHYLAMMONIUM
HYDROXIDE INNER SALT AMMONIUM, DODECYL(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)DIMETHYL-
INNER SALT 1-DODECANAMINIUM, N-(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)-N,N-DIMETHYL-
INNER SALT AMMONIUM, DODECYL(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)DIMETHYL-, HYDROXIDE
LAURYL HYDROXY SULFOBETAINE SOLUTION
LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE
N-(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)-N,N-DIMETHYL- INNER SALT 1-DODECANAMINIUM
N,N-Dimethyl-N-dodecyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine
Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulphonatopropyl)dimethylammonium
3-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate
LHSB
ralufondl-oh
Rewoteric AM-HC
RALUFON (R) DL-OH
Obazoline AHS 103
Softazoline AHS 103
LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE;Dodecyl Sulfonate Betaine
Lauramidopropyl hydroxy sulfobetaine
Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulfonatopropyl)dimethylammonium
Dimethyl (2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)dodecylammonium hydroxide, inner salt
Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulphonatopropyl)dimethylammonium
Dodecanaminium-N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-, hydroxide, inner salt
Dodecyl (2-hydroxy-3-sulfonatopropyl) dimethylammonium
Laurylhydroxysulfobetaine
1-Dodecanaminium, N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, inner salt
Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulphonatopropyl)dimeth ylammonium
(+/-)-LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE
(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)LAURYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE INNER SALT
1-DODECANAMINIUM, N-(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)-N,N-DIMETHYL-, HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT
1- DODECANAMINIUM, N-(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)-N,N-DIMETHYL-, INNER SALT
3-(N,N-DIMETHYL-N-DODECYLAMMONIO)-2-HYDROXYPROPANE-1-SULFONATE
AMMONIUM, DODECYL(2- HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)DIMETHYL-, HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT
DODECYL(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)DIMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT LAURYL
HYDROXY SULFOBETAINE SOLUTION
LAURYL HYDROXYSULFO BETAINE
LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE
LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE [INCI]
LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE, (+/-) -
MACKAM LHS
N,N-DIMETHYL-N-LAURYL-N-(2-HYDROXY-1-SULFOPROPYL) AMMONIUM SULFOBETAINE
103 103 ORISTAR LHS
1-Dodecanaminium, N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, inner salt
Ammonium, dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)dimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt
1-Dodecanaminium, N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt
Dodecyl(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)dimethylammonium hydroxide, inner salt
3-(Dodecyldimethylammonio)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of surfactants.
Its chemical structure consists of a lauryl (dodecyl) hydrophobic tail and a hydroxysultaine hydrophilic head group.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products as a mild surfactant and foaming agent due to its ability to clean and create stable foams.



APPLICATIONS


Lauryl hydroxysultaine is commonly used in the formulation of sulfate-free shampoos to provide gentle cleansing and rich lathering properties.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is an essential ingredient in many natural and organic hair care products due to its mild and biodegradable nature.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is often found in baby shampoos and bath products to ensure safety and gentleness for delicate skin and hair.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in facial cleansers to remove makeup, dirt, and excess oils while maintaining skin's natural moisture balance.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is included in body washes and shower gels to create a luxurious foaming experience during daily bathing routines.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine can be found in hand soaps and liquid hand washes, providing effective cleansing with a soft feel on the hands.

Many sulfate-free and hypoallergenic personal care products utilize lauryl hydroxysultaine to cater to individuals with sensitive skin.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in pet shampoos to provide effective cleaning without causing skin irritation in animals.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in bubble bath formulations to create copious, long-lasting bubbles for a relaxing bathing experience.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine can be found in natural and organic facial masks and scrubs to help remove impurities and dead skin cells.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in hand sanitizers and antibacterial soaps to improve lathering and cleansing effectiveness.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is included in makeup removers and micellar water formulations to aid in the gentle removal of cosmetics from the skin.
In hair conditioners, Lauryl hydroxysultaine can act as a co-surfactant, assisting in the distribution of conditioning agents for soft and manageable hair.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in sunscreens and sun care products to create a pleasing texture and facilitate even application.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is incorporated into shaving creams and gels to provide a smooth, cushiony lather for a comfortable shaving experience.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine can be found in baby lotions and creams, helping to maintain the skin's natural moisture barrier.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in natural deodorant formulations to provide a creamy texture and improve application.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine can be found in facial toners to assist in removing residual impurities after cleansing, leaving the skin refreshed.

In scalp treatments and anti-dandruff products, it aids in the distribution of active ingredients to the scalp.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in makeup brush cleaners to effectively remove makeup residue and bacteria.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is included in bath bombs and bath salts to enhance the foaming and bubbling effect when added to bathwater.

In mild, sulfate-free laundry detergents, it contributes to the effective removal of stains and soils from clothing.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in foaming hand sanitizers to provide a rich and cleansing foam when dispensed.

In natural and organic toothpaste formulations, it can act as a foaming agent to distribute the active ingredients evenly.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is often utilized in mild, hypoallergenic baby wipes to ensure gentle and effective cleaning during diaper changes.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is frequently used in sulfate-free and natural facial cleansers, providing a gentle yet effective solution for removing impurities from the face.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is found in foaming bath oils and bath foams, enhancing the bathing experience with luxurious foam and skin-softening properties.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is a key ingredient in gentle exfoliating facial scrubs, assisting in the removal of dead skin cells for a smoother complexion.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in facial masks to help evenly distribute active ingredients and create a creamy texture.
In mild, hypoallergenic makeup removers, it aids in dissolving and lifting away makeup without harsh rubbing.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is included in sulfate-free hair conditioners to improve detangling and leave hair feeling soft and manageable.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in sulfate-free and natural hand washes, offering effective cleansing while being kind to the skin.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine can be found in bath and shower oils, helping to create a moisturizing and aromatic bathing experience.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in sulfate-free and natural body lotions, contributing to smooth and hydrated skin.
In sulfate-free and natural body scrubs, it assists in evenly distributing exfoliating particles and moisturizing agents.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is incorporated into sulfate-free foaming facial cleansers to provide a gentle and refreshing cleanse.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine can be found in sulfate-free and natural hair styling products, enhancing texture and manageability.
In sulfate-free and natural insect repellent formulations, it helps disperse active ingredients evenly on the skin.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in sulfate-free and natural feminine washes to maintain intimate hygiene with a mild and non-irritating formula.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is included in sulfate-free and natural body washes for a refreshing shower experience.

In sulfate-free and natural pet grooming products, it aids in cleansing without causing skin irritation in animals.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine can be found in sulfate-free and natural foaming cleansers for makeup brushes and sponges.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is used in sulfate-free and natural facial tonics to refresh and balance the skin.
In sulfate-free and natural baby care products, it contributes to gentle cleansing and moisturization.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is incorporated into sulfate-free and natural wound cleansers to help remove debris from minor cuts and scrapes.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is found in sulfate-free and natural pet shampoos, providing effective cleaning for pets with sensitive skin.

In sulfate-free and natural foot scrubs and soaks, it helps exfoliate and rejuvenate tired feet.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine can be used in sulfate-free and natural body mists to create a fine and refreshing spray.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is included in sulfate-free and natural massage oils to improve glide during massages.
In sulfate-free and natural hair masks, it assists in even distribution of nourishing ingredients for enhanced hair health.



DESCRIPTION


Lauryl hydroxysultaine is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of surfactants.
Its chemical structure consists of a lauryl (dodecyl) hydrophobic tail and a hydroxysultaine hydrophilic head group.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products as a mild surfactant and foaming agent due to its ability to clean and create stable foams.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is known for its gentle and non-irritating properties, making it suitable for use in products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair while providing a rich and luxurious lather.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is a water-soluble surfactant with excellent foaming properties.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is often derived from coconut oil or palm oil.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine has a hydrophobic (water-repelling) lauryl tail and a hydrophilic (water-attracting) sultaine head group.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is widely used in the personal care and cosmetic industry.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is known for its mild and gentle cleansing abilities.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is frequently found in shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine helps to create a rich and stable lather in cleansing products.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine is particularly favored in sulfate-free and natural cosmetic formulations.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine has the ability to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair effectively.
Due to its mild nature, it is suitable for sensitive skin types.

Lauryl hydroxysultaine is often used as a co-surfactant to enhance the foaming and cleansing properties of other surfactants.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine contributes to the overall sensory experience of personal care products, providing a luxurious lather and a pleasant feel on the skin.
Lauryl hydroxysultaine has a pH level that is compatible with the skin's natural pH, reducing the risk of irritation.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula:Varies depending on the specific manufacturer but typically contains a lauryl (dodecyl) hydrophobic tail and a hydroxysultaine hydrophilic head group.
Molar Mass:Varies depending on the specific formulation.
Chemical Structure:Lauryl hydroxysultaine is an amphoteric surfactant with a structure that includes a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head.


Physical Properties:

Physical State: Liquid at room temperature.
Color: Colorless to pale yellow.
Odor: Typically odorless or has a mild, pleasant odor.
Solubility: Soluble in water and other polar solvents.
pH Level: Typically has a pH in the mildly acidic to neutral range, making it suitable for skin and hair care products.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If lauryl hydroxysultaine is inhaled and respiratory distress occurs, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If the person's breathing is difficult, provide oxygen and seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with lauryl hydroxysultaine, remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected skin area gently but thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or discomfort persists after washing.


Eye Contact:

If lauryl hydroxysultaine comes into contact with the eyes, immediately rinse the affected eye(s) gently but thoroughly with lukewarm, clean water for at least 15 minutes.
Ensure that the eyelids are held open to facilitate thorough flushing.
Seek immediate medical attention or consult with an eye specialist if irritation, redness, or pain persists.


Ingestion:

If lauryl hydroxysultaine is ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a medical professional.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water, but do not swallow water.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.


General First Aid Precautions:

Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and safety goggles, when providing first aid to someone exposed to lauryl hydroxysultaine.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Precautions for Lauryl Hydroxysultaine:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling lauryl hydroxysultaine, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use lauryl hydroxysultaine in well-ventilated areas to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Consider using local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection if exposure levels are not within acceptable limits.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with lauryl hydroxysultaine to prevent accidental ingestion.
Wash hands thoroughly before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.

Avoid Inhalation:
Minimize the inhalation of vapors or aerosols by working in areas equipped with adequate ventilation.
Use a respirator if necessary, following appropriate safety guidelines.

Spill Response:
In the event of a spill, restrict access to the area and take appropriate precautions to prevent further spreading.
Wear PPE, including gloves and safety goggles or a face shield.
Absorb the spilled material with an inert absorbent material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect it in a suitable container for disposal.
Clean the affected area thoroughly with detergent and water.

Handling Containers:
Handle containers of lauryl hydroxysultaine with care to prevent damage, leakage, or spills.
Ensure containers are properly labeled with hazard information and handling instructions.

Avoid Mixing:
Do not mix lauryl hydroxysultaine with incompatible substances, as it may lead to chemical reactions or hazardous conditions.


Storage Conditions for Lauryl Hydroxysultaine:

Storage Location:
Store lauryl hydroxysultaine in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Keep it in a location designed for chemical storage.

Temperature Range:
Maintain storage temperatures within the recommended range, typically between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
Avoid extreme temperatures that could cause material degradation or container damage.

Container Integrity:
Ensure that containers are tightly sealed to prevent evaporation and contamination.
Check containers regularly for signs of damage or leakage.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store lauryl hydroxysultaine away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases, to prevent hazardous reactions.

Fire Safety:
Keep lauryl hydroxysultaine away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition to prevent fire hazards.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriate containers made of materials compatible with lauryl hydroxysultaine, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.



SYNONYMS


Lauryl hydroxy sulfobetaine
Lauryl hydroxy sulfate
Sultaine C-6
LHSB
LS-13
Lauryl betaine sulfate
1-(Lauryldimethylammonio)propanesulfonate
Cocoamphoacetate
Lauroyl hydroxysultaine
Sulfochem LS-13
Steol CS-230
Miranol L-32
Tego Betaine L-7
Tegobetaine L
Abil Soft AF 100
Antil LS 77
Berol 642
Amisoft LS-11
Procter & Gamble 140
Quaker BDP-50
Rewoteric AM KSF 40
Rhodapon LS-92
Sulfochem LLS-13
Mirataine CBS
Rewoteric AM CAS
Tegobetaine L7
Abil Soft AF 300
Amine Oxide
Amphosol LO
Berol 642W
Berol 649
Berol 642E
Empigen BS/20
Empigen BSN
Empigen BS/100
Empigen BSC
LHSB-A
Miranol L2M
Mirataine BET C-30
Mirataine CBS-E
Mirataine H2C-HA
Oramix NS10
Oramix NS12
Oramix L-30
Oramix L-35
Oramix NS14
Quaker BDP-90
Quaker BDP-110
Rewoteric AM CAS/SS 60
Sulfochem LLS-13E

LAURYL LAURATE, N° CAS : 13945-76-1, Nom INCI : LAURYL LAURATE. Nom chimique : Dodecanoic Acid, Dodecyl Ester Ses fonctions (INCI) Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

DESCRIPTION:
Lauryl mercaptan is Soluble in methanol, ether, acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate, insoluble in water.
Lauryl mercaptan is flammable in case of open flame and high heat.
Lauryl mercaptan is decomposed by high heat to produce toxic sulfide smoke.

CAS Number: 112-55-0
Molecular Weight: 202.40
EC Number: 203-984-1
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)11SH


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LAURYL MERCAPTAN:
Molecular Weight: 202.40
XLogP3: 6.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 202.17552200
Monoisotopic Mass: 202.17552200
Topological Polar Surface Area: 1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 81.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula: C12H26S
Molar Mass: 202.4
Density : 0.841g/cm3
Melting Point: -7℃
Boling Point: 275.3°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 87.8°C
JECFA Number: 1924
Water Solubility: IMMISCIBLE
Vapor Presure: 0.00861mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 7 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Clear
Exposure Limit ACGIH: TWA 0.1 ppm
NIOSH: Ceiling 0.5 ppm(4.1 mg/m3)
Maximum wavelength(λmax): 205nm(lit.)
BRN: 969337
pKa: 10.49±0.10(Predicted)
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Refractive Index: 1.456
Density 0.845
melting point: -7°C
boiling point: 266-283°C
refractive index: 1.458-1.46
flash point: 87°C
water-soluble: IMMISCIBLE

Lauryl mercaptan is an alkyl thiol that forms a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and can be used as an organic source of sulfur with balanced physio-chemical properties.
Lauryl mercaptan is used as a relative molecular mass regulator in the polymerization of synthetic rubber, synthetic fiber and synthetic resin, and is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride, a raw material for a bactericide, a detergent and the like.
Lauryl mercaptan is colorless or light yellow liquid.


APPLICATION OF LAURYL MERCAPTAN:
Lauryl mercaptan can be used as a source of sulfur for the synthesis CdS quantum dots (QDs) and lead sulfide nanoparticles (PbS) which find potential applications in energy efficient lighting, solar cells and as ammonium gas sensing agents.
Lauryl mercaptan may be used to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on copper surface as a corrosion resistant coating.

Functionalization with Lauryl mercaptan may form SAMs on geranium (Ge) to improve the surface characteristics for futuristic applications in microelectronics.
Lauryl mercaptan is used for the production of hydrophobic SAMs.
Lauryl mercaptan can also be used in mixed SAMs to give a hydrophobic background and act as a spacer to move other functional groups or domains farther apart.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT LAURYL MERCAPTAN:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

SYNONYMS OF LAURYL MERCAPTAN:
MeSH Entry Terms:
1-dodecanethiol
Dodecylmercaptan

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
1-DODECANETHIOL
Dodecane-1-thiol
112-55-0
Dodecyl mercaptan
Dodecanethiol
Lauryl mercaptan
n-Dodecanethiol
n-Dodecyl mercaptan
N-Dodecylmercaptan
1-Mercaptododecane
n-Lauryl mercaptan
1-Dodecyl mercaptan
Dodecylmercaptan
1-dodecylthiol
Pennfloat M
Pennfloat S
n-Dodecylthiol
Dodecylthiol
NSC 814
NCI-C60935
1322-36-7
S8ZJB6X253
NSC-814
DSSTox_CID_5220
Lauryl mercaptide
DSSTox_RID_77706
DSSTox_GSID_25220
M-Lauryl mercaptan
M-Dodecyl mercaptan
Tris(dodecylthio)antimony
Stibine, tris(dodecylthio)-
Dodecyl mercaptan (VAN)
Thiokalcol 20
CAS-112-55-0
CCRIS 743
1-Dodecanethiol, antimony(3+) salt
HSDB 1074
EINECS 203-984-1
BRN 0969337
dodecanthiol
laurylmercaptan
UNII-S8ZJB6X253
Thioantimonic acid (H3SbS3), tridodecyl ester
dodecane thiol
1-dodecanthiol
AI3-07577
dodecyl-mercaptan
1-dodecane thiol
1-dodecylmercaptan
n-dodecyl-mercaptan
Dodecanethiol-(1)
MFCD00004885
normal dodecylmercaptan
normal dodecyl mercaptan
6939-83-9
EC 203-984-1
1-Dodecanethiol, >=98%
SCHEMBL15369
NSC814
1-DODECANETHIOL [HSDB]
CHEMBL3185403
DTXSID6025220
FEMA NO. 4581
NSC11884
Tox21_201758
Tox21_303101
NSC-11884
NSC229570
STL483072
ZINC59144932
WLN: 12S-SB-S12&S12
AKOS015960383
NSC-229570
NCGC00249113-01
NCGC00257179-01
NCGC00259307-01
BP-10739
LS-14165
1-Dodecanethiol, purum, >=97.0% (GC)
DB-021314
D0970
FT-0607709
FT-0693266
FT-0694976
EN300-1859909
Q161619
J-504580
30237-11-7

Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol, or commonly myristyl alcohol (from Myristica fragrans – the nutmeg plant), is a straight-chain saturated fatty alcohol, with the molecular formula C14H30O. It is a white crystalline solid that is practically insoluble in water, soluble in diethyl ether, and slightly soluble in ethanol.
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol may be prepared by the hydrogenation of myristic acid (or its esters); myristic acid itself can be found in nutmeg (from where it gains its name) but is also present in palm kernel oil and coconut oil and it is from these that the majority of Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is produced. It may also be produced from petrochemical feedstocks via either the Ziegler process or hydroformylation.
As with other fatty alcohols, Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is used as an ingredient in cosmetics such as cold creams for its emollient properties. It is also used as an intermediate in the chemical synthesis of other products such as surfactants.

CAS NO: 68855-56-1
EC NUMBER: 272-490-6

IUPAC NAMES:
Alcohols C12-16
Alcohols, C12-16
Fatty Alcohol C12-16
Fatty alcohol, C12-16
tetradecan-1-ol

SYNONYMS:
C12-16 ALCOHOLS;Alcohols, C12-16;Alkohole, C12-16;Cetyl/dodecyl alcohol;(C12-C16) alkyl alcohol;ahcohol 1216 - lauryl myristyl alcohol;alcohols C12-16;C12-C16 alkyl alcohol;coco alcohol C12-C16;kalcol 2473;kalcol 4250;RTD FA-26 lauryl myristyl alc;1-TETRADECANOL;Tetradecan-1-ol;Myristyl alcohol;112-72-1;Tetradecanol;Tetradecyl alcohol;n-Tetradecanol;Myristic alcohol;n-Tetradecyl alcohol;Lanette K;Loxanol V;Lanette Wax KS;n-Tetradecanol-1;1-Hydroxytetradecane;Alfol 14;n-Tetradecan-1-ol;Dytol R-52;Alcohols, C10-16;Alcohols, C12-16;Alcohols, C14-15;Lanette 14;1-Tetradecyl alcohol;tetradecan1-ol;NSC 8549;MFCD00004757;UNII-V42034O9PU;Myristyl alcohol [NF];67762-41-8;68855-56-1;CHEBI:77417;V42034O9PU;kalcohl 40;75782-87-5;Myristyl alcohol (NF);1-Tetradecanol, 99%;DSSTox_CID_6926;DSSTox_RID_78257;DSSTox_GSID_26926;C14 alcohol;Alcohol(C14);Alcohols, C>14;Fatty alcohol(C14);Alcohols, C12-15;CAS-112-72-1;Tetradecanol (7CI);C12-16 Alcohols;Kalcohl 4098;C14-15 alcohol;HSDB 5168;Lorol C 14;Adol 18;Kalcol 4098;Conol 1495;EINECS 204-000-3;Nacol 14-95;BRN 1742652;(C10-C16) Alkyl alcohol;(C12-C16) Alkyl alcohol;tetradecylalcohol;AI3-00943;Alcohols, C14-22 and C16-22-unsatd.;Tetradecanol-1;n-tetradecylalcohol;Dehydag wax 14;EINECS 267-019-6;EINECS 268-107-7;EINECS 272-490-6;EINECS 275-983-4;1-tetradecanol group;Philcohol 1400;Lorol C14;63393-82-8;Myristyl cetyl alcohol;Epal 14;Fatty alcohol (C14);1-Tetradecanol, 97%;CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[O];SDA 15-060-00;ACMC-1BY8P;EC 204-000-3;EC 616-261-4;(C14-C18)Alkyl alcohol;SCHEMBL20286;4-01-00-01864 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);71750-71-5;(C14-C18) Alkyl alcohol;(C14-C18)-Alkyl alcohol;CHEMBL24022;(C14-C22) and (C16-C22)Unsaturated alkylalcohol;WLN: Q14;DTXSID9026926;NSC8549;Mixed fatty alcohols (C10-C16);NSC-8549;ZINC1644076;EINECS 267-009-1;EINECS 269-790-4;Tox21_201842;Tox21_300538;ANW-16516;LMFA05000041;SBB060166;STL453593;AKOS009031495;CS-W004294;MCULE-8719320111;NCGC00164345-01;NCGC00164345-02;NCGC00164345-03;NCGC00254322-01;NCGC00259391-01;BP-30124;1-Tetradecanol, purum, >=95.0% (GC);FT-0608311;ST51046400;1-Tetradecanol, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%;D05097;1-Tetradecanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 97%;Q161683;F7FCB87C-0FA4-412A-BC8C-BE5C952BC1E0;J-002824

What Are Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol?
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol (also called C12-C16 alcohols) are a mixture of fatty alcohols with 12 to 16 carbons in the alkyl chain.

How Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol Alcohols Are Made?
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol alcohols are made by combining Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol. The result is a colourless liquid that has a mild odour and decomposes in high heat.

What Do Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol Alcohols Do?
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol alcohols act as an emulsion stabilizer and viscosity increasing agent, allowing things to stay spreadable and creamy. It can be found in lipstick, sunscreen, moisturizer, and other products.

Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol Safety 
 Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care and cleaning product quality standards. Although ethoxylated alcohols may experience 1,4 dioxane contamination as a byproduct of the production process, the EPA considers it safe to consume water with 4 ppm of 1,4 dioxane for one day or 0.4 ppm of 1,4 dioxane for 10 days.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
A colourless liquid with a mild odour. Mp: 5°C; bp < 150°C; density: 0.9 g cm-3. Completely miscible with water. A major threat to the environment in case of a spill. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread. Can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. Used in the making of surfactants.

REACTIVITY PROFILE
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol, ethoxylated is stable up to 50° C. Oxidizes on exposure to the air to form peroxides and peracids. Combustible but not flammable (flash point > 179°C). Auto-ignition temperature: 230°C. May react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases. Incompatible with copper and copper alloys and aluminium. A mixture of polyether alcohols of formula R-O-(CH2CH2-O-)n-H where R is a C-12 through C-16 alkyl group and n equals 1 through 6. Synthesized by treating a mixture of Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol with ethylene oxide.

OVERVIEW

IDENTIFICATION:
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is a white solid. It is not soluble in water. 
USE:
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is used as a perfume fixative for soaps and cosmetics. It is found in many personal care items such as; shampoo, toothpaste, cold creams, ointments and suppositories. Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is used in speciality cleaning products, as an anti-foam agent and in some plastics. It is also used as a food additive. 

EXPOSURE: 
Workers that use or produce Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol may breathe in mists or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by eating food or drinking beverages that contain Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol. Skin exposure will result from using some personal care items. If Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is released into the environment it is expected to bind tightly to particles in soil and water. It is not expected to move through the soil. It is expected to move into the air from wet soil and water surfaces. It will be broken down in soil and water by microorganisms. It is expected to build up moderately in aquatic organisms. If Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is released into the air, it will be broken down by reactions with other chemicals.

INDUSTRY USES
* Finishing agents
* Functional fluids (open systems)
* Lubricants and lubricant additives
* Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
* Plasticizers
* Processing aids, not otherwise listed
* Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
* Raw material for the production of antioxidants (esters)
* Surface active agents
* Viscosity adjustors
* Lubricants and lubricant additives
* Commercial and industrial products.
* Intermediates
* Personal Care product ingredient
* Adhesives and sealant chemicals

CONSUMER USES
* Adhesives and sealants
* Cleaning and furnishing care products
* Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
* Lubricants and greases
* Metal products not covered elsewhere
* Non-TSCA use
* Paints and coatings
* Personal care products
* Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere
* Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
* Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
* Fuels and related products
* Laundry and dishwashing products
* Cleaning and furnishing care products
* Industrial organic chemicals used in commercial and consumer products.
* Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere
* Arts, crafts, and hobby materials
* Ink, toner, and colourant products
* Lubricants and greases

INDUSTRY PROCESSING SECTORS
* All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
* All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
* Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
* Paint and coating manufacturing
* Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
* Petrochemical manufacturing
* Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
* Plastic material and resin manufacturing
* Primary metal manufacturing
* Rubber product manufacturing
* Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing
* Wholesale and retail trade
* Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
* Construction
* Adhesive manufacturing
* Fabricated metal product manufacturing
* Paper manufacturing
* Plastics product manufacturing
* Printing ink manufacturing

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is a white solid or crystal used in organic synthesis, plasticizers, antifoaming agent, intermediate, perfume fixative for soaps and cosmetics, wetting agents and detergents, ointments and suppositories, shampoos, toothpaste, cold creams, and specialty cleaning preparations.

Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is a colourless liquid or crystalline solid. It has an unpleasant fatty odor at high concentrations, but a delicate floral smell when diluted. 1-Dodecanol is not soluble in water. 

Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol's production and use in organic synthesis, in plasticizers, as an anti-foam agent, perfume fixative for soaps and cosmetics, wetting agents and detergents, ointments and suppositories, shampoos, toothpaste, cold creams, and speciality cleaning preparations may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapour pressure of 1.1X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol will exist solely as a vapour in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 hours. Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is expected to have no mobility based upon Koc values of 18,197-34,674 in humic acid. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.04X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapour pressure. A biodegradation half-life of 5.5 days was calculated for Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol, based on a rate constant of 52.5 1/hr measured in sludge indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon Koc values of 23,320-64,060 in suspended solids. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. 
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is used in the making of detergents and soaps. It is found in personal care products including shampoo, soap, body wash, shaving gel and hair colorant. It is used to a lesser extent in wetting, emulsifying and foaming agents. It is used in fragrances and is approved for use in food. 

Fatty alcohols (or long-chain alcohols) are usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4–6 carbons to as many as 22–26, derived from natural fats and oils. The precise chain length varies with the source. Some commercially important fatty alcohols are lauryl, stearyl, and oleyl alcohols. They are colourless oily liquids (for smaller carbon numbers) or waxy solids, although impure samples may appear yellow. Fatty alcohols usually have an even number of carbon atoms and a single alcohol group (–OH) attached to the terminal carbon. Some are unsaturated and some are branched. They are widely used in industry. As with fatty acids, they are often referred to generically by the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, such as "a C12 alcohol", which is an alcohol having 12 carbons, for example, Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol.

Fatty alcohols like LAURYL MYRISTYL ALCOHOL have many uses in today’s manufacturing facilities. Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is often employed as a chemical intermediate when producing surfactants, detergents and esters used in cleaning products.
As well, Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol possesses natural foaming stabilizing and amphipathic properties, adding to its usefulness as a detergent or soap.
Other uses of Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol include as an emollient, emulsifier or viscosity modifier in cosmetics and personal care products, as well as in lubricants and grease

Applications
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is used as an ingredient in cosmetics such as cold creams. Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is an active intermediate in the chemical synthesis of sulfated alcohol.
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is also employed in the fabrication of temperature-regulated drug release system based on phase-change materials.
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol plays a vital role in filling the hollow interiors of gold nanocages in the fabrication of a new theranostic system, which has the unique feature of photoacoustic imaging.

Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is lighter-weight fatty alcohol that functions as a thickener, emulsion stabilizer, and emollient.
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is also sometimes used as a surfactant, often with other surfactants. Myristyl alcohol is considered safe as used in cosmetics.
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol used as an emollient in cosmetics and skincare products.
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is primarily used to inhibit a formula from separating into its oil and liquid components
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of surfactants.

Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is used in some Shampoos due to its foam boosting and viscosity stabilizing properties.
Commonly Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics (Hair care, skincare, body care) as an emollient and a stabilizer, preventing separation.
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol smooths the skin and prevents moisture loss. Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol may also be used as a fragrance ingredient.

Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is a kind of straight-chain saturated fatty alcohol. It is often used as an ingredient in cosmetics such as cold creams because of its emollient properties.
Myristyl alcohol can also be used as the intermediate during the manufacturing of some organic compounds like surfactants.
Some studies have shown that it can inhibit endothelial activation and reduce tissue responsiveness to cytokines, having the potential to treat periodontitis based on studies on rabbits. It is also employed for the fabrication of a temperature-regulated drug release system based on phase-change materials.

Chemical Properties
Lauryl Myristyl alcohol occurs as a white crystalline solid with a waxy odour. Also reported as opaque leaflets or crystals from ethanol.

Lauryl myristyl alcohol is originated from South Africa.
Lauryl myristyl alcohol is a type of fatty alcohol which is a form of the combination of C12 and C14 that is lauryl and myristyl.
Lauryl myristyl alcohol is also known as DodecanolTetradecanol.
The chemical formula of lauryl myristyl alcohol is C26H54O, and the molecular weight is 186.3368.
Lauryl myristyl alcohol is colourless liquid and has a mild odour and decomposes when subjected to excessive heat.
The life span of Laurel myristyl alcohol is one year from its date of manufacturing.
The Lauryl myristyl alcohol has extensive uses in several industries including food, cosmetic, automotive, textile, and chemical industries.
Moreover, Lauryl Alcohol is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of surfactants.

The global lauryl myristyl alcohol market is driven by rising chemical and manufacturing industries.
The wide range of application in various industries leads to an increase in the demand for lauryl myristyl alcohol.
Consumers are using more of personal care products which further leads to an increase in the usage of lauryl myristyl alcohol in cosmetics.
Macroeconomic factors such as increasing disposable income, literacy rate, the rapid rate of urbanization, and change in lifestyle also lead to the growth of the lauryl myristyl alcohol market.
The lauryl myristyl alcohol causes corrosive of ingestion, irritation to skin and eye contact, inhalation problem.
Severe overexposure can cause death leads to restraining the growth of the market.
Derivatives of the detergent range Lauryl Myristyl alcohols are used in light- and heavy-duty detergents, laundry pre-softeners, hard surface cleaners, disinfectant, cleaners, metal cleaners, textile processing, pulp and paper processing, wastepaper deinking, agricultural uses in pesticides and soil conditioners, and in metalworking as surface lubricants, etc.

Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol, also known as C12-14 Alcohol, is a fatty alcohol. It’s C1214 chain length allows it to be used in a variety of industries and applications ranging from Industrial and Personal Care to Textile and Household cleaners.

Lauryl myristyl alcohol is a type of fatty alcohol which is a form of the combination of C12 and C14 that is lauryl and myristyl. The Lauryl myristyl alcohol has extensive uses in several industries including food, cosmetic, automotive, textile, and chemical industries. Moreover, Lauryl Alcohol is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of surfactants.

Dodecanol, or lauryl myristyl alcohol, is an organic compound produced industrially from palm kernel oil or coconut oil. It is a fatty alcohol. Sulfate esters of lauryl alcohol, especially sodium lauryl sulfate, are very widely used as surfactants. Sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, and sodium Laureth sulfate are all used in shampoos. lauryl myristyl alcohol is tasteless and colourless with a floral odour.

USE: 
Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is used in the making of detergents and soaps. It is found in personal care products including shampoo, soap, body wash, shaving gel and hair colorant. It is used to a lesser extent in wetting, emulsifying and foaming agents. It is used in fragrances and is approved for use in food. 

Lauryl-Myristyl Alcohol is used in many cosmetic and skincare products. It provides emollient effect, lubricity and emulsion stabilization. It acts as a viscosity controller

PREVENTIVE MEASURES:
* Remove to fresh air.
* Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water while removing all contaminated clothes and shoes.
* Eye contact Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids.
* Consult a physician.
* Clean mouth with water and drink afterwards plenty of water.

Lauryl Myristyl Alcohol is a colourless liquid with a characteristic fatty alcohol odour. The principal uses for this product are as a raw material for surfactants, emulsion stabilizer for creams and lotions, a quality modifier of lipsticks and an additive for ointment base and cream conditioners.

Lauryl polyglucoside is a type of surfactant that belongs to the class of alkyl polyglucosides (APGs).
Lauryl polyglucoside is derived from natural raw materials, combining a fatty alcohol (such as lauryl alcohol) with glucose.
This combination results in a compound that exhibits both hydrophobic (water-repelling) and hydrophilic (water-attracting) properties, making it an effective surfactant.

CAS Number: 110615-47-9
EC Number: 600-975-8



APPLICATIONS


Lauryl polyglucoside is extensively utilized in personal care products, including shampoos, where it acts as a gentle and effective cleanser.
In facial cleansers and body washes, it provides mild cleansing, making it suitable for daily skincare routines.

The surfactant is a key ingredient in hand soaps, contributing to their foaming and cleansing properties.
Lauryl polyglucoside finds application in shower gels, providing a mild and eco-friendly option for body cleansing.
Due to its mildness, it is commonly used in baby products such as gentle shampoos and bath washes.

In skincare formulations, it serves as an emulsifier, aiding in the creation of stable and well-textured products.
Lauryl polyglucoside is incorporated into facial cleansers to remove impurities without causing irritation to the skin.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a versatile ingredient in cosmetic formulations, contributing to the texture and feel of creams and lotions.

Lauryl polyglucoside is employed in the production of sulfate-free shampoos and cleansers, meeting the demand for milder alternatives.
In natural and green formulations, the surfactant acts as a detergent in various household cleaning products.

Its compatibility with other ingredients makes lauryl polyglucoside suitable for a wide range of cosmetic and personal care formulations.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used in the creation of eco-friendly laundry detergents, providing effective cleaning without harsh chemicals.
Lauryl polyglucoside is employed in the formulation of mild and environmentally conscious dishwashing liquids.

Its ability to stabilize emulsions makes it a valuable ingredient in the production of creams and lotions.
In industrial applications, it serves as a detergent in cleaning solutions for various surfaces and materials.

Lauryl polyglucoside is found in pet shampoos, offering a gentle cleansing option for furry companions.
Due to its biodegradable nature, lauryl polyglucoside is utilized in the creation of eco-friendly car wash products.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a key component in the formulation of mild and sustainable multi-purpose cleaners for household use.

Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the creation of gentle and effective hand sanitizers in personal and industrial settings.
In the agriculture industry, it is used in the formulation of mild and biodegradable crop protection products.
Lauryl polyglucoside is employed in the production of gentle and eco-friendly wetting agents for agricultural applications.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used in the creation of natural and mild pet grooming products, including shampoos and conditioners.

In the textile industry, Lauryl polyglucoside serves as an effective detergent in the formulation of mild and eco-friendly fabric softeners.
Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the development of biodegradable and sustainable industrial degreasers and cleaners.
Lauryl polyglucoside finds applications across various industries, reflecting its versatility as a mild, effective, and environmentally friendly surfactant.

Lauryl polyglucoside is a common ingredient in natural and organic sunscreens, providing emulsification and dispersion of UV filters.
Its mild and biodegradable properties make it suitable for use in gentle and environmentally friendly facial exfoliants.

In the formulation of baby wipes, lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the mild and non-irritating nature of the cleansing solution.
Lauryl polyglucoside is utilized in the creation of eco-friendly and mild hand and body lotions, providing emulsifying and moisturizing effects.

Lauryl polyglucoside is incorporated into eco-conscious shaving creams, offering a smooth and gentle shaving experience.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used in the production of mild and biodegradable pet stain and odor removers for household use.

In the manufacturing of natural and environmentally friendly insect repellents, it acts as a gentle emulsifier for essential oils.
Lauryl polyglucoside is employed in the formulation of eco-friendly and non-toxic household air fresheners.
Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the creation of biodegradable and mild carpet and upholstery cleaners, suitable for eco-conscious consumers.
The surfactant is found in natural and green formulations of dishwasher detergents, ensuring effective yet gentle dishwashing.
In the production of pet shampoos and grooming wipes, lauryl polyglucoside provides a gentle cleansing solution for pets with sensitive skin.

Lauryl polyglucoside is used in the creation of environmentally friendly and biodegradable engine and machinery degreasers.
Lauryl polyglucoside is applied in the formulation of plant-based and mild leather cleaners for eco-conscious consumers.
Lauryl polyglucoside is employed in the production of mild and biodegradable hand and surface sanitizers.

In the manufacturing of eco-friendly and sustainable floor cleaners, it acts as a key ingredient for effective and gentle cleaning.
Lauryl polyglucoside is found in natural and mild cuticle removers used in the beauty and nail care industry.
Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the creation of gentle and environmentally friendly paint strippers for various surfaces.

In the formulation of eco-conscious and mild glass cleaners, lauryl polyglucoside aids in streak-free cleaning.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used in the development of eco-friendly and gentle rust removers for household and industrial applications.
Lauryl polyglucoside is incorporated into the production of natural and biodegradable fabric refreshers and odor eliminators.
Lauryl polyglucoside is employed in the creation of environmentally friendly and mild waterless car wash solutions.
In the agricultural sector, it is used in the formulation of mild and biodegradable adjuvants for crop protection products.

Lauryl polyglucoside is found in eco-friendly and mild antifogging agents for various surfaces, including eyewear.
Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the development of mild and biodegradable tire and wheel cleaners for automotive care.
Lauryl polyglucoside is applied in the formulation of natural and eco-friendly graffiti removers, providing effective and environmentally conscious cleaning solutions.

Lauryl polyglucoside is used in the creation of mild and eco-friendly paintbrush cleaners for artists and hobbyists.
Lauryl polyglucoside finds application in the formulation of biodegradable and gentle industrial mold and mildew removers.
In the textile industry, lauryl polyglucoside is employed in the production of mild and natural fabric softeners.

Lauryl polyglucoside is utilized in the creation of eco-conscious and non-irritating intimate washes for personal hygiene.
Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the formulation of biodegradable and sustainable floor wax and polish solutions.

Lauryl polyglucoside is found in the creation of eco-friendly and non-toxic stove and oven cleaners.
In the production of environmentally friendly and mild hand degreasers, it aids in the removal of oils and grease.

Lauryl polyglucoside is applied in the formulation of eco-conscious and gentle hair dye removers.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used in the development of mild and biodegradable metal polish solutions.
Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the creation of natural and sustainable shoe cleaning solutions for leather and fabric.
Lauryl polyglucoside is found in eco-friendly and gentle spot and stain removers for carpets and upholstery.
In the formulation of mild and biodegradable jewelry cleaners, lauryl polyglucoside ensures gentle cleaning of metals and gemstones.

Lauryl polyglucoside is employed in the production of natural and eco-conscious bathroom tile and grout cleaners.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used in the creation of environmentally friendly and biodegradable boat and marine cleaners.
In the development of mild and non-toxic rust inhibitors, the surfactant aids in preventing corrosion.
Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the formulation of natural and eco-friendly paint and graffiti barriers for surfaces.

Lauryl polyglucoside is applied in the production of mild and biodegradable insecticidal soaps for pest control.
Lauryl polyglucoside is found in eco-conscious and gentle carpet and upholstery protectors.

In the manufacturing of natural and sustainable leather conditioners, it helps maintain and nourish leather products.
Lauryl polyglucoside is employed in the creation of eco-friendly and mild concrete and driveway cleaners.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used in the formulation of environmentally friendly and gentle eyeglass lens cleaners.
Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the development of mild and biodegradable adhesive and glue removers.

In the production of eco-conscious and non-toxic kitchen appliance cleaners, the surfactant aids in grease removal.
Lauryl polyglucoside is applied in the formulation of natural and eco-friendly paint sealers for surfaces.
Lauryl polyglucoside is found in the creation of mild and biodegradable tile and grout sealers for household use.



DESCRIPTION


Lauryl polyglucoside is a type of surfactant that belongs to the class of alkyl polyglucosides (APGs).
Lauryl polyglucoside is derived from natural raw materials, combining a fatty alcohol (such as lauryl alcohol) with glucose.
This combination results in a compound that exhibits both hydrophobic (water-repelling) and hydrophilic (water-attracting) properties, making it an effective surfactant.

Lauryl polyglucoside is a biodegradable surfactant widely used in personal care and household products.
Derived from natural raw materials, Lauryl polyglucoside combines the fatty alcohol lauryl alcohol with glucose.
This non-ionic surfactant exhibits excellent emulsifying and foaming properties.

With a clear to slightly hazy liquid appearance, lauryl polyglucoside is water-soluble.
Its chemical structure features a lauryl alkyl chain attached to a glucose polymer chain.
Known for its mildness, Lauryl polyglucoside is often chosen for formulations targeting sensitive skin.

Lauryl polyglucoside acts as an effective detergent, aiding in the removal of dirt and impurities.
Due to its renewable source ingredients, it aligns with environmentally friendly practices.
Lauryl polyglucoside plays a crucial role in stabilizing emulsions, enabling the blending of oil and water-based components.

Lauryl polyglucoside contributes to the creation of stable foams in products like shampoos and body washes.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used in personal care items such as facial cleansers, hand soaps, and shower gels.
As an emulsifier, Lauryl polyglucoside enhances the texture and appearance of cosmetic formulations.
The biodegradable nature of this surfactant makes it an eco-friendly choice for various applications.

Lauryl polyglucoside is commonly derived from renewable resources like coconut or palm kernel oil and glucose from corn or wheat starch.
Lauryl polyglucoside's versatility extends to household cleaners, where it serves as a key ingredient in green and natural formulations.

With a commitment to sustainability, lauryl polyglucoside aligns with the growing demand for environmentally conscious products.
Its mild cleansing properties make it suitable for baby products and skincare formulations.
Lauryl polyglucoside is favored in the industry for its ability to create stable and long-lasting lather.

Lauryl polyglucoside is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, offering formulation flexibility.
Lauryl polyglucoside is free from sulfates, making it a desirable choice for sulfate-free formulations.

Manufacturers often provide detailed technical information, including safety data sheets and specifications.
Due to its gentle nature, lauryl polyglucoside is commonly used in personal hygiene products for daily use.
The absence of harsh chemicals in its composition contributes to a reduced environmental impact.

Lauryl polyglucoside finds application in industrial settings for various cleaning purposes due to its effective detergent properties.
Lauryl polyglucoside reflects a commitment to creating products that balance performance, mildness, and environmental responsibility.



PROPERTIES


Solid Content(%): 50 - 53
Water (wt %): 47 - 50
pH Value (20% aq.): 11.5-12.5
Free Alcohol (wt %): 0.8 max
Viscosity (mPa·s), 40°C: 1000 - 3000
Ash (wt %): 2 max



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Allow the person to rest in a comfortable position.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If lauryl polyglucoside comes into contact with the skin, remove contaminated clothing promptly.
Rinse the affected skin with plenty of water.

Wash Skin:
Wash the exposed skin area thoroughly with mild soap and water.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
In case of eye contact, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes.
Ensure that eyelids are held open and rinse under the eyelids to remove any particles.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek immediate medical attention.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
If lauryl polyglucoside is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if a significant amount is ingested or if symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or discomfort occur.


General First Aid Tips:

Medical Attention:
Always seek medical attention if there is uncertainty about the severity of exposure or if symptoms persist.
Provide medical personnel with information about the product and its composition.

Note to Healthcare Providers:
If seeking medical attention, bring a copy of the SDS or provide information about the chemical composition to healthcare providers.


Additional Considerations:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
If providing first aid, use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid exposure.

Do Not Use Contrary Remedies:
Do not use contrary remedies unless directed by medical personnel.

Transportation to Medical Facility:
If the exposed person requires further medical treatment, ensure safe transportation to the nearest medical facility.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing when handling lauryl polyglucoside.
Use respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation exposure, especially in confined or poorly ventilated areas.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use local exhaust ventilation systems to control airborne concentrations.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact with the product.
In case of contact, promptly wash affected areas with water.

Prevent Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling lauryl polyglucoside.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Handling Precautions:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices.
Do not handle the product in areas where there is a potential for contamination of food, beverages, or smoking materials.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store lauryl polyglucoside in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Temperature Control:
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, and store the product within the specified temperature range provided by the manufacturer.

Separation from Incompatible Materials:
Store lauryl polyglucoside away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents.

Keep Away from Heat Sources:
Avoid storage near heat sources, open flames, and hot surfaces.

Stability:
Check the stability information provided by the manufacturer to ensure proper shelf life and product performance.


Spill and Leak Response:

Containment:
In the event of a spill, contain the spilled material using absorbent materials to prevent further spread.

Cleanup:
Clean up spills promptly, following proper cleanup procedures outlined in the SDS.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations.


Transportation:

Transportation Precautions:
During transportation, secure containers to prevent damage and leakage.
Follow transportation regulations and guidelines for the specific product.


Emergency Response:

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize personnel with emergency procedures, including the use of emergency equipment and evacuation routes.

Emergency Contact Information:
Keep emergency contact information readily available.
In case of exposure or accidents, seek medical attention immediately.



SYNONYMS


Alkyl Polyglucoside
APG
Octyl/Decyl Polyglucoside
Lauryl Glucoside
Polyglycoside
Glycoside Surfactant
Coco Glucoside
Decyl Glucoside
Octyl Glucoside
Glucopon
Plantacare
Plantaren
Berol
PolysugaMulse
Emulgade PL
Emerox
PolySugar
Lutensol
Cognis APG
Glucose Surfactant
Natural Surfactant
Green Surfactant
Eco-friendly Surfactant
Renewable Surfactant
Biosurfactant
Liposurf
Decyl Polyglycoside
Glycosurf
Sugar Tenside
Laureth Glucoside
Vegetable-Derived Surfactant
Glucamine
Lauryl Glucose
Lorol
Sugonic
NatraGem
Glycolube
Lauryl D-Glucopyranoside
Glucam
Tegobetaine
Crodafos
Plant-Based Surfactant
Cithrol
Lauramine Oxide
Tego Betain
Glucopure
Laureth-2 Glucoside
Alkasurf
Lauroyl Methyl Glucamide
Emcol
Decyl Glucoside

Lauryl polyglucoside is a mild surfactant.
Lauryl polyglucoside creates an excellent and stable foam.
Lauryl polyglucoside is useful in hair care products where it aids hair cleaning abilities without stripping the hair.


CAS Number: 59122-55-3
EC Number: 261-614-4
Chemical formula: C18H36O6



Dodecyl D-glucoside, lauryl glucoside, 110615-47-9, dodecyl d-glucopyranoside, 27836-64-2, EINECS 248-685-7, UNII-VB00RDE21R, VB00RDE21R, D-Glucopyranoside, dodecyl, EC 600-975-8, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-dodecoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, UNII-76LN7P7UCU, GLUCOSIDE, DODECYL, D-, dodecyl--d-glucopyranoside, SCHEMBL57535, CLAON ALL 4 CLEANSER, DTXSID30893048, beta-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, DODECYL, DB14746, W-110711, Lauryl glycoside, Plantacare 1200, D-Glucopyranoside, Lauryl glycoside, Lauryl glucoside, D-glucose homopolymer, dodecylether, D-glucopyranose, oligomeric, C10-16-alkyl glycosides, APG0814, Glucoside 600, Lauryl Glucose, LAURYL GLUCOSIDE, ALKYL D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, Alkylpolyglycoside C10-16, Alkyl polyglycoside C10-C16, Alkyl Polyglucoside C08 - C16,Alkyl-D-Glucopyranose C10-C16,Alkyl Polyglucoside C10 - C16, DODECYL-GLUCOSIDE, N-DODECYL GLUCOSIDE, N-DODECYL-BETA-D-GLC, LAURYL MONOGLUCOSIDE, DODECYLGLUCOPYRANOSIDE, Dodecyl glucopyranosid,Dodecylb-D-glucopyranoside, Dodecyl β-D-glucopyranoside, DODECYL-SS-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, b-D-Glucopyranoside,
β-D-Glucopyranoside, dodecyl, Glucoside, dodecyl, Dodecyl β-D-glucopyranoside, Dodecyl β-D-glucoside, n-Dodecyl β-D-glucopyranoside, AG 12 (carbohydrate), AG 12, BDDG, Lauryl glucoside, MFCD00063298, Dodecyl β-D-glucopyranoside, β-D-Glucopyranoside, dodecyl, EINECS 261-614-4, N-DODECYL-β-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE,
Dodecyl glucoside,



Lauryl polyglucoside is a surfactant and cleansing agent used in cosmetics.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a glycoside produced from glucose and lauryl alcohol.
Lauryl polyglucoside is the same as other alkyl polyglucosides which are not pure alkyl monoglucosides, but a complex mixture of alkyl mono-, di”，tri”，and oligoglycosides.


Because of this, the industrial products are called alkyl polyglycosides.
The products are characterized by the length of the alkyl chain and the average number of glycose units linked to Lauryl polyglucoside, the degree of polymerization.


Lauryl polyglucoside is a surfactant used in cosmetics and laundry detergents.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a glycoside produced from glucose and lauryl alcohol.
Lauryl polyglucoside is an alkyl polyglucoside (C 12-16 fatty alcohol glucoside), a mild surfactant and skin cleanser with excellent foaming properties derived from natural corn starch, fatty acids, and coconut.


In addition, Lauryl polyglucoside is non-petrochemical, non-ethoxylated, and readily biodegradable.
Lauryl polyglucoside exhibits superior cleansing efficacy as a minimum outcome.
Lauryl polyglucoside meets cleansing targets in the same way as standard surfactants while also providing the additional benefit of exceptional mildness in personal care formulations.


A deep pore cleansing test shows that cleaning with water does not remove the soil sufficiently from the skin.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a white powder.
Lauryl polyglucoside is light yellow in color.


Lauryl polyglucoside is an excellent emulsifier, wetting agent and solubilizer.
Lauryl polyglucoside has good foaming and washing abilities, excellent dermatological characteristics.
Lauryl polyglucoside is made from natural, plant-based materials.


Lauryl polyglucoside has high biodegradability rates.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a low toxic, non-toxic, non-ionic surfactant which is made from natural raw materials.
Lauryl polyglucoside is very mild, readily bio-degradable and possesses good detergency and wetting properties.


Lauryl polyglucoside generally exhibits mild performance.
It is a surfactant, so Lauryl polyglucoside is a no non-ionic surfactant product made from natural raw materials.
It’s unique, the Lauryl polyglucoside is very gently and easily bio gradable.


Lauryl polyglucoside is a Natural, Non-ionic surfactant, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.
Lauryl polyglucoside is obtained from Bio Degradableraw materials, based on plant based fatty alcohols.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a Mild and Gentle surfactant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside is a mild surfactant.
Lauryl polyglucoside creates an excellent and stable foam.
Lauryl polyglucoside is useful in hair care products where it aids hair cleaning abilities without stripping the hair.


Lauryl polyglucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Lauryl polyglucoside is very effective when used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Lauryl polyglucoside is very useful for Bath Foams, Shower Gel and Shampoo where you wish to increase the foaming ability of the product without a decrease in the natural formulation.


Lauryl polyglucoside is biodegradable.
Lauryl polyglucoside exhibits good emulsifying, cleansing and detergency properties, because of itself combines the both of properties of non-ionic and anionic surfactants.


Lauryl polyglucoside is excellent compatibility.
Lauryl polyglucoside is suitable for use in manual diswashing formulations as well as for the manufacture of laundry detergents and a variety of cleaning products.


Lauryl polyglucoside possesses good dermatological compatibility and synergistic viscosity enhancing effects.
Lauryl polyglucoside is suitable as a co-surfactant especially as emulsifier in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used nonionic surfactant suitable for various cosmetic cleansing preparations, e.g. shower and bath preparations, liquid soaps, shampoos, toothpastes and cleansing wipes.


Lauryl polyglucoside is used baby Care and Cleansing, Face Cleansing, Liquid Soap, Personal Care Wipes, Shampoo, Shower/Bath Products, and Toothpaste/Mouthwash.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a cleaning agent or surfactant derived from coconut and palm oil used in personal care and cleaning products.


Lauryl polyglucoside is used Skin care: products/Cosmetics/Shampoos, Baby wipes, Body washes, Lotions, Shampoos, Hand soap (liquid), Dish liquids, Laundry liquids, All-purpose cleaners, and Toilet wipes.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant that offers low foal and natural, gentle cleansing particularly for oily skin in shampoos and body washes.


Lauryl polyglucoside is well suited for a use in a range of cosmetic and dermatological applications.
Lauryl polyglucoside generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant.
Lauryl polyglucoside produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.


Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.
The foam generated is fine and stable.
Lauryl polyglucoside can be combined with all types of surfactants without reducing foam volume or stability.


Used as co-surfactant, Lauryl polyglucoside can reduce the total active ingredients content of foaming formulas without altering their performance.
Cleansing effectiveness and foam volume are maintained as well as ease of thickening is maintained.
Lauryl polyglucoside is suitable for a wide range of Personal Care and Cosmetics formulations and for industrial cleaners.


Lauryl polyglucoside is generally used in shampoo, bubble bath, cleaning lotion, dished detergent, because of its excellent mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
Lauryl polyglucoside is commonly used in shampoos, bubble baths, cleaning lotions and dish detergents.


There is a clear reason for this, due o Lauryl polyglucoside's excellent gentleness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
The desire to know what is glucoside in the laurel is understandable; in fact, Lauryl polyglucoside is a non ionic surfactant.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a non-ionic surfactant of the alkyl glucoside family (eg. cocoa glucoside, desil glucoside), a substance formed by the addition of alcohol, sugar and or glucose.


The availability of these can be traced back to oils, has the ability to further refine the cleaning process.
Lauryl polyglucoside is usually sourced from palm kernel oil, corn sugar, or coconut.
Lauryl polyglucoside has the ability to improve the purification process without removing the purification process.


Lauryl polyglucoside is widely used non-ionic surfactants, made from natural raw materials.
Lauryl polyglucoside's main benefits are mildness to the skin, foaming properties, compatibility with other ingredients.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant that is commonly derived from coconut oil and glucose.


Lauryl polyglucoside is also known as coco-glucoside, and it is used as an emulsifier, thickener, and cleansing agent in various personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Lauryl polyglucoside is considered to be a more environmentally friendly alternative to other synthetic surfactants due to its biodegradability.


Lauryl polyglucoside is a sugar based detergent and reagent for chemical synthesis.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a classical nonionic amphiphile surfactant, which used in colloid research and micelle development.
Lauryl polyglucoside may be used as a reference compound in long-chain alkyl glucoside separation and analysis procedures.


Key Applications of Lauryl polyglucoside: Nonionic amphiphile surfactant | Colloid research | Micelle development
Lauryl polyglucoside is used highly purified non-ionic detergent for solubilization of membrane-bound proteins in their native state.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a non-ionic detergent and surfactant commonly used to solubilize and purify membrane proteins in biochemical research.


Lauryl polyglucoside also interacts with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to quench its intrinsic fluorescence.
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Lauryl polyglucoside and DG/BSA complex is 2.0 mM and 2.34 mM, respectively.
Micelles can be formed in aqueous solutions above this concentration.


Lauryl polyglucoside is a surfactant commonly used in the biomedical industry for various applications.
Lauryl polyglucoside is utilized in drug formulation and gene delivery systems due to its ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs.
Additionally, Lauryl polyglucoside plays a crucial role in cell lysis, protein extraction, and enzyme stabilization.


Lauryl polyglucoside is also employed in biochemistry and biotechnology research for the purification and analysis of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a highly purified non-ionic detergent for solubilization of membrane-bound proteins in their native state.
Lauryl polyglucoside is used a non-ionic detergent.


Lauryl polyglucoside is a nonionic detergent.
Lauryl polyglucoside has a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 190 µM.
Lauryl polyglucoside increases chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity when used at a concentration of 204 µM.


Lauryl polyglucoside is a non-ionic surfactant belonging to the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
What is Lauryl polyglucoside - an aqueous solution of C12-14 fatty alcohol polyglucoside, which is made from natural raw materials: glucose derived from corn (corn sugar) and fatty alcoh ols from coconut and palm kernel oils (everything is RSPO MB grade).


Lauryl polyglucoside's known for its mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce skin irritation and therefore very suitable for a wide range of personal care, home care, baby care and skincare products.
Lauryl polyglucoside in skin care is used in facial masks, skin moisturizers and shaving creams.


For cleaning products, due to it's caustic stability and solubility in highly concentrated salt, Lauryl polyglucoside can be used for caustic, neutral and acidic hard surface cleaners for Homecare and Institutional Cleaning.
The shelf life is 24 months after the date of manufacture, and Lauryl polyglucoside should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool and dry environment.


Lauryl polyglucoside is ideal for the formulation of Personal Hygiene and Cosmetic products, Cleaners, Liquid Soaps etc
Lauryl polyglucoside is used widely in several Personal, Home Care Products, Cleaning Products, Industrial Cleaners, Textile Auxillaries, Leather Auxillaries : Shampoo’s, Bodywashes, Liquid Soaps, Detergents, and Industrial Cleaners.


-Shampoos with Lauryl polyglucoside:
If chemicals have already damaged the hair, Lauryl polyglucoside can be further weakened by treatments with surfactants.
In other words, sensitive hair such as bleached, colored, permed, weathered, or magnificent hair should be shampooed with gentle-action surfactants.


-Skin care uses of Lauryl polyglucoside:
Lauryl polyglucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Lauryl polyglucoside is very effective when used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Lauryl polyglucoside is very useful for bath foams, shower gel to increase the foaming ability of the product.


-Hair care uses of Lauryl polyglucoside:
Lauryl polyglucoside creates an excellent and stable foam.
Lauryl polyglucoside is useful in hair care products where it aids hair cleaning abilities without stripping the hair.



PROPERTIES OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
*Excellent mildness on the skin
*Effective cleansing properties
*Rich and stable foam
*Highly compatible with actives and other
*surfactants, including cationics
*Stable over a wide pH range and in the
*presence of electrolytes
*Sulfate-free, EO-free
*Preservative free
*Readily biodegradable
*From 100% renewable feedstocks
*ISO 16128 - Natural Origin Index (Ino)=1
*RSPO Mass Balance
*Cosmos certified



UNCOMPROMISING MILDNESS OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside is not only gentle on the skin but can reduce the irritation potential of surfactant mixtures.
Compared to other surfactants, Lauryl polyglucoside is much milder and can be used in effective formulas with outstanding ocular and mucous compatibility without trading performance.



EXCELLENT DAILY CLEANING OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside shows a lower irritation potential than the other surfactants tested, confirming its excellent suitability for ensuring mildness in body washes.
As a measure of skin barrier integrity, the cumulative irritation potential of surfactants is assessed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL).



BENEFITS OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
*Environmental friendly, naturally derived raw materials
*Low irritation to skin
*Very mild and suitable for Baby Care products
*High alkaline resistance
*Good foam and oil removing properties in dish washing detergents
*Mild cleansing agent
*Numerous certifications Cosmos, RSPO etc.



LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE IS A ONE-OF-A-KIND SURFACTANT THAT BRINGS SUPERIOR BENEFITS TO SKINCARE PRODUCTS:
*Preferred for extra mild body and hair cleansing
*Special foam in comparison to other nonionic cleaning agents
*Best choice for baby concepts
*Extreme mildness to skin
*Deep pore cleansing
*Free from preservatives, sulfates, and ethylene oxide
*The high degree of safety for consumers and the environment



ORIGIN OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside is a glycoside produced from glucose and lauryl alcohol.
Lauryl polyglucoside is made by combining corn sugar and either coconut oil or palm oil.
Lauryl polyglucoside is derived through natural processes.



GENTLE CLEANSING WITH THE POWER OF NATURE, LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
The use of Lauryl polyglucoside in shampoo allows consumers to take advantage of the efficacy of nature in removing chemical residues from the hair.
The analysis of silicone remaining on hair shows that, with one-time washing using a stripping shampoo containing LG, silicone can be reduced by 62% on virgin hair and 77% on bleached hair.

After three washes, the deposit reduction on virgin hair is even more significant.
Compared to Sodium Laureth Sulfate shampoos, this represents a marked improvement.
After using a Lauryl polyglucoside shampoo, the hair is better prepared for deep penetrating treatments.



EXCELLENT FOAM HEIGHT OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside improves the foam properties of shampoos, produces good, quantitatively stable foam, and sustains its height.
Sensory profile for the hair

In a sensory test comparison of Cocamidopropyl Betaine and Lauryl polyglucoside as the primary surfactant of shampoo, the results showed no difference in terms of stickiness either in wet hair or during hair drying.
Together with the better-wet combability, better foam properties, and the proven kindness to the skin exhibited by LG, this finding confirms the superiority of alkyl polyglucosides in shampoo applications.



WHAT DOES LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Foam boosting
*Skin conditioning
*Surfactant



SAFETY PROFILE OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside is considered quite safe for skin as it is a very mild surfactant, that poses little or no risk of irritation, and therefore used for sensitive skin.

A number of agencies such as the Safe Cosmetics Database, GoodGuide database, EcoCert and the Organic Food Federation consider Lauryl polyglucoside as a safe ingredient.

It is even included in the CIR list of safe ingredients for cosmetics.
10 to 20% Lauryl polyglucoside can be used in facial cleansers while 15 to 30% in shampoos and body washes.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside has a molecular weight of 344.4 g/mol and a molecular formula of C18H36O6.
Lauryl polyglucoside is a yellowish to amber-colored liquid that is soluble in water and has a density of approximately 1.1 g/cm3.
Its pH range is between 5.5 and 7.5, and Lauryl polyglucoside has a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of around 7.5 mM.



SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside is synthesized through a two-step process.
The first step involves the reaction of glucose with an acid catalyst to form the intermediate compound called glucoside.

The second step involves the reaction of glucoside with lauryl alcohol to form Lauryl polyglucoside.
The purity and characterization of Lauryl polyglucoside are determined using various analytical techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.



ANALYTICAL METHODS OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside is typically analyzed using HPLC or GC, which involves the separation and quantification of different chemical components of the compound.
NMR spectroscopy is also used for the structural characterization of Lauryl polyglucoside, while mass spectrometry (MS) can be used for the determination of its molecular weight and chemical composition.



BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside is considered to be a mild and non-irritating surfactant that is suitable for use in personal care products.
Studies have shown that Lauryl polyglucoside has low toxicity and is not a skin sensitizer.



WHAT IS LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE AND WHERE IS LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE FOUND?
Lauryl polyglucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with good dermatological compatibility and viscosity enhancing effects.
Lauryl polyglucoside is suitable for use as an additive or a co surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations like shampoos.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of Lauryl polyglucoside.



WHAT ELSE IS LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE CALLED?
Lauryl polyglucoside can be identified by different names, including:
D-Glucopyranoside, Plantacare 1200
Lauryl polyglucoside may not be a complete list as manufacturers introduce and delete chemicals from their product lines.



SIDE EFFECTS OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
At the moment, there are no known risks or side effects of Lauryl polyglucoside to the skin.
However, it's highly recommended that you do a patch test before using any Lauryl polyglucoside products if you feel concerned.
It should be noted, though, that pregnant and/or nursing women, as well as the ones with sensitivity and/or allergy to the ingredient Lauryl polyglucoside, is made of (namely palm kernel oil, coconut, or corn sugar) should not use it to avoid any unwanted reaction.



SAFETY OF LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
Lauryl polyglucoside is considered quite safe for your skin as it is a very mild surfactant, that poses little or no risk of irritation.
In fact that is why Lauryl polyglucoside is included in skin care products meant to be used for sensitive skin.

A number of agencies such as the Safe Cosmetics Database, GoodGuide database, EcoCert and the Organic Food Federation consider Lauryl polyglucoside as a safe ingredient.

It is even included in the CIR list of safe ingredients for cosmetics.
10 to 20% Lauryl polyglucoside can be used in facial cleansers while 15 to 30% in shampoos and body washes.
A maximum of 40% of Lauryl polyglucoside is permitted for use in any product.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
CAS Number: 59122-55-3
ChemSpider: 84249
EC Number: 261-614-4
PubChem CID: 93321
UNII: 76LN7P7UCU
Molecular Weight: 348.5 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 3.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 13
Exact Mass: 348.25118886 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 348.25118886 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 24

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 301
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling point: 301℃ at 101.3kPa
Density: 1.16 at 20℃
vapor pressure: 0.008Pa at 20℃
form: Solid
InChI: InChI=1/C18H36O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-23-18-17(22)16(21)15(20)14(13-19)24-18/h14-22H,2-13H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17-,18?/s3
InChIKey: PYIDGJJWBIBVIA-KGFPCJIYNA-N

SMILES: O(CCCCCCCCCCCC)C1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O |&1:15,18,20,22,r|
LogP: -0.07 at 20℃
Surface tension: 29.5mN/m at 1g/L and 23℃
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: VB00RDE21R
EPA Substance Registry System: D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, C10-16-alkyl glycosides (110615-47-9)
Physical State/Form: paste
Form of Chemicals: Liquid
Categories: Cosmetic Chemicals
Usage/Application: Industrial
Formula: C18H36O6
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Color: Transparant
Physical State: Liquid
Molar Mass: 348.48 g/mol
Cas-No: 59122-55-3

Appearance Form: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: ca.1,12 g/cm3 at 20 °C - (calculated)

Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in: water, 21.19 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Melting point: 77-137 °C
Boiling point: 402.83°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.0573 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.4450 (estimate)
storage temp.: −20°C
solubility: Soluble in methanol at 50mg/ml
pka: 12.95±0.70(Predicted)
form: Powder
color: White to Off-white
BRN: 86236
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
CAS DataBase Reference: 59122-55-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 76LN7P7UCU
EPA Substance Registry System: Dodecyl-beta-D-glucoside (59122-55-3)



FIRST AID MEASURES of LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LAURYL POLYGLUCOSIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Alcohols, C12-14; Alkohole, C12-14; fatty alcohols, C12-C14; Einecs 279-420-3; Tensioactiv CL 9; Sipol C12-C14; PY 126; Nafol 1214S; CAS NO:80206-82-2

Lauryldimethylamine oxide = LDAO = Dodecyldimethylamine Oxide = DDAO

CAS number: 1643-20-5
EC number: 216-700-6
Molecular formula: C14H31NO

What Is Lauryldimethylamine oxide?
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is a clear, pale-yellow, amine oxide liquid derived from coconut.
Coconuts grow on the cocos nucifera, or coconut palm tree. Coconut palms grow around the world in lowland tropical and subtropical areas where annual precipitation is low.
Widely cultivated, healthy coconut palms produce 50 nuts per year, and the tree can be used to produce everything from food and drink to fibers, building materials, and natural ingredients.

What Does Lauryldimethylamine oxide Do in Our products?
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is a surfactant, meaning it breaks surface tension in liquids, allowing things to become clean.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is also a foam builder, stabilizer, viscosity enhancer, emollient and conditioner.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide can be found in personal care products such as shampoo, facial cleansers, body wash, sunscreen, and a variety of other products.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, metal working fluids, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

What Is Lauryldimethylamine oxide?
In cosmetics and personal-care products, Lauramine and Stearamine Oxides are amine oxides that are used mostly in hair-care products as foam builders and stabilizers, viscosity enhancers, emollients, conditioners, emulsifiers, antistatic agents and wetting agents.
Lauramine and Steramine Oxides are used mainly in hair-care products such as shampoos, hair rinses, tonics and hair-grooming aids.

Why is Lauryldimethylamine oxide used in cosmetics and personal care products?
Lauryldimethylamine oxide and Stearamine Oxide enhance the appearance and feel of hair by increasing hair body and volume, suppleness or sheen.
These ingrediets may improve the texture of hair that has been damaged physically or by chemical treatment.
Lauramine and Steramine Oxides also increase foaming capacity and prevents the buildup of static electricity in hair-care product formulations.

Scientific Facts:
Lauryldimethylamine oxide and Stearamine Oxides are Amine Oxides. Amine oxides are usually prepared from tertiary Amines by oxidation, usually with hydrogen peroxide.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is an Amine N-oxide, an active component primarily found in shampoo, bubble bath and hand soap thanks to Lauryldimethylamine oxides foam building properties (Source).
Because Lauryldimethylamine oxide has dual functional groups in the same molecule (both asidic and basic groups), Lauryldimethylamine oxide is very versatile.

Functions:
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is an Amine N-oxide, an active component primarily found in shampoo, bubble bath and hand soap thanks to its foam building properties (Source).
Because Lauryldimethylamine oxide has dual functional groups in the same molecule (both asidic and basic groups), Lauryldimethylamine oxide is very versatile.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide can have high solubility in some solutions and low in others; Lauryldimethylamine oxide creates positive charges and negative charges on different atoms; it carries anionic or cationic properties depending on pH value.
Therefore although Lauryldimethylamine oxide is seen most frequently as a foam builder in beauty products, Lauryldimethylamine oxide can also be used as a dye dispersant, wetting agent, emulsifier, lubricant, surfactant, anti-static agent, and viscosity controlling agent, according to research.

Use and Manufacturing
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
-Auto Products
-Commercial / Institutional
-Home Maintenance
-Inside the Home
-Personal Care

Uses of Lauryldimethylamine oxide:
-Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
-Agents to prevent condensation, or condensation removers
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Related to food and beverage service activities
-Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
-Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
-Related to ceramic products
-Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory
-Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)

Uses of Lauryldimethylamine oxide:
-Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc
-Related to dishwashing products (soaps, rinsing agents, softeners, etc)
-Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
-Laundry products (such as cleaning/washing agents), or laundry facilities
-Related to dishwashing products (soaps, rinsing agents, softeners, etc)
-Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products
-Pharmaceutical related
-Related to food production (restaurants, catering, etc)
-Related to food and beverage service activities

As a foam stabilizer; stable at high concentration of electrolytes and over a wide pH range.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide and stearamine oxide are aliphatic tertiary amine oxides that are used in cosmetics as foam builders and stabilizers, viscosity enhancers, emollients, conditioners, emulsifiers, antistatic agents, and wetting agents.
Surfactant amine oxides such as lauryldimethylamine oxide are widely used as constituents of dishwasher detergents, shampoos, and soaps.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide used to modify foaming and also may find application as hair conditioning agents in shampoos, ie, acting as antistatic agents to provide manageability

Lauryldimethylamine oxides are active components in body care products such as shampoo, bubble bath, and hand-soap formulations in combination with alkyl or olefin sulfates.
In acidic media, they are cationic and can act as a mild conditioner.
In neutral or weak basic media, they are featured as excellent foam stabilizer and viscosity building provider.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used as a foam enhancer, stabilizer and viscosity builder.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used in light duty liquid detergents, drain cleaners, fabric washer. dye dispersant, wetting agent, emulsifier, lubricant. formulation with anionic, nonionic and cationic materials.
Amphoteric surfactants have dual functional groups (both acidic and basic groups) in the same molecule. They are polar solvents that have a high solubility in water but a poor solubility in most organic solvents.
They are electrically neutral but carries positive and negative charges on different atoms in an aqueous solution.

Depending on the composition and conditions of pH value, the substances can have anionic or cationic properties.
In the presence of acids, they will accept the hydrogen ions but they will donate hydrogen ions to the solution in the presence of bases, which balances the pH.
Such actions make buffer solutions which resist change to the pH.
In the detergency ability amphoteric surfactants which change their charge according to the pH of the solution affects properties of foaming, wetting and detergentcy through a surface action that exerts both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
In biochemistry amphoteric surfactant is used as a detergent for purifying, cleansing and antimicrobial effects.
Alkylbetains and aminoxides are amphoteric surfactants.

What Is Lauryldimethylamine oxide?
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is a clear, pale-yellow, amine oxide liquid derived from coconut.
Coconuts grow on the cocos nucifera, or coconut palm tree.
Coconut palms grow around the world in lowland tropical and subtropical areas where annual precipitation is low.
Widely cultivated, healthy coconut palms produce 50 nuts per year, and the tree can be used to produce everything from food to building materials to natural ingredients.

How Lauryldimethylamine oxide Is Made
Commercial production of Lauryldimethylamine oxide occurs largely by mixing the amine with 35% hydrogen peroxide at 60ºC.
The mixture is heated to 75ºC and sodium sulfite or manganese dioxide are added.
The mixture is then filtered to get rid of extra peroxide.

What Does Lauramine Oxide Do?
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is a surfactant, meaning it breaks surface tension in liquids, allowing things to become clean.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is also a foam builder, stabilizer, viscosity enhancer, emollient, and conditioner.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide can be found in personal care products such as shampoo, facial cleansers, body wash, sunscreen, and a variety of other products.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide is classified as :
Antistatic
Cleansing
Foam boosting
Hair conditioning
Hydrotrope
Surfactant
Viscosity controlling
Perfuming

Lauryldimethylamine oxide (LDAO), also known as dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO), is an amine oxide based zwitterionic surfactant, with a C12 (dodecyl) alkyl tail.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is one of the most frequently-used surfactants of this type.
Like other amine oxide based surfactants Lauryldimethylamine oxide is antimicrobial, being effective against common bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli however Lauryldimethylamine oxide is also non-denaturing and may be used to solubilize proteins.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used in the following products: metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Lauryldimethylamine oxideis used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide is a tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide has a role as a plant metabolite and a detergent.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide derives from a hydride of a dodecane.

At high concentrations, LDAO forms liquid crystalline phases.
Despite having only one polar atom that is able to interact with water – the oxygen atom (the quaternary nitrogen atom is hidden from intermolecular interactions), DDAO is a strongly hydrophilic surfactant: Lauryldimethylamine oxide forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases.
High hydrophilicity of this surfactant can be explained by the fact that Lauryldimethylamine oxide forms very strong hydrogen bonds with water: the energy of DDAO – water hydrogen bond is about 50 kJ/mol.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Uses of Lauryldimethylamine oxide:
-Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
-Related to the activity of fishing
-Hard surface and kitchen surface cleaners (spray or aerosol formulation specified)
-Car wax/polish, floor wax, general polishing agents, polish for metals, plastics, rubber, lacquers, leather, furniture, etc
-Detergents with wide variety of applications
-Related to manufacturing for export
-Crude oil, crude petroleum, refined oil products, fuel oils, drilling oils
-Raw materials used in a variety of products and industries (e.g. in cosmetics, chemical manufacturing, production of metals, etc)
-Soaps, includes personal care products for cleansing the hands or body, and soaps/detergents for cleaning products, homes, etc

Uses of Lauryldimethylamine oxide:
-Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
-Subcategory of personal_care, includes fragrances, shampoos, make-up, etc.
-Pesticide for non agricultural use
-Inert ingredients in a pesticide
-Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc
-Related to fracking, natural gas, industrial gases
-Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc
-Compound which lowers surface tension

Lauryldimethylamine oxide is one of the classic detergents that we offer in crystallization-grade quality at an attractive price.
We aliquot our detergents so that they are convenient to use, keep fresh and provide optimal performance.

Odor: characteristic

Use:
Chemical Intermediate, Nonionic Surfactant and Foaming Stabilizer in Soaps and Detergents.
for liquid detergents increasing foam ability high detergency.
Prevent skin roughness
Thickening effect. pH influence on viscosity .
Cationic character at low pH.
Perfume solubilizer and thickener in hypochlorite solutions.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide is a bleach stable, low odor Amine Oxide.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide exhibits good tolerance to electrolytes which permits improved performance in hard water.
Foaming properties are stable within a pH range of 5-12.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide provides good viscosity response and foam enhancement for personal care products such as shampoos and shower gels.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is a nonionic surfactant which is compatible with anionic and cationic systems.
Because of its foam boosting and viscosity building properties, Lauryldimethylamine oxide is useful in a variety of cosmetic products.
Replacement of the nonionic surfactants commonly used in skin and hair cleansing product formulations can give better, more stable foaming properties.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide finds numerous applications as an emulsifier, emulsion stabilizer, anti-static agent and more.
In shampoo formulations, Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used as a foam booster and thickener, and can be used in conjunction with or instead of alkanolamides.
In neutral or alkaline solutions, Lauryldimethylamine oxide exhibits a nonionic character, and is therefore compatible with anionics.
In acid solutions, Lauryldimethylamine oxide exhibits mild quaternary properties which enable Lauryldimethylamine oxide to impart substantivity on skin and hair.
Lauryldimethylamine oxides are surfactants commonly used in consumer products such as shampoos, conditioners, detergents, and hard surface cleaners.

Industry Uses
-Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
-Pesticide Formulation
-Surface active agents

Consumer Uses
-Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
-Cleaning and furnishing care products
-Laundry and dishwashing products
-Personal care products

Industry Processing Sectors
-All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Industrial cleaners/surfactants
-Miscellaneous manufacturing
-Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
-Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing

Parameters Specifications Test Methods
Appearance Clear Liquid —
Odor Characteristic —
Color Colorless to Pale Yellow —
pH (10% Solution W/V) 5.5 – 7.5 —
Assay, % by mass 27 – 29 —
Free Amine, % 0.5 max —
Microbial Count (Plate Method), cfu/mL < 10 —
Molecular Weight 240 —

USES & APPLICATIONS
Personal Care: Viscosity Modifier and Foam Enhancer for Shampoos and Shower GelsSoaps and Detergents: Foam Enhancer and Detergent in Hard Surface Cleaners, Sanitizing Products, Dishwashing Liquids and Car Wash SystemsSurfactants and Esters: Water Based Nonionic Surfactant Compatible with Anionic and Cationic Systems

Lauryldimethylamine oxide is a standard liquid surfactant.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide appears as a clear yellow liquid.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is used as a viscosity modifier and foam enhancer for shampoos and shower gels.
Lauryldimethylamine oxides is also applied as a foam enhancer and detergent in hard surface cleaners, sanitizing products, dishwashing liquids, and car wash systems.
In addition, Lauryldimethylamine oxide is suitable as a water-based nonionic surfactant compatible with anionic and cationic systems.

Characterization of metabolites of Lauryldimethylamine oxide resulted in the positive identification of only one metabolite, N-dimethyl-4-aminobutyric acid N-oxide.
Several pathways exist for metabolism of Lauryldimethylamine oxide: omega,beta-oxidation of alkyl chains (the most common pathway for surfactant metabolism), hydroxylation of alkyl chains, and reduction of the amine oxide group.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide and stearamine oxide are aliphatic tertiary amine oxides that are used in cosmetics as foam builders and stabilizers, viscosity enhancers, emollients, conditioners, emulsifiers, antistatic agents, and wetting agents.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide's production and use as a surfactant in dishwasher detergent, shampoo and soap, as a foam stabilizer, and textile antistatic agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.
If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 6.2X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Lauryldimethylamine oxide will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere.
Vapor-phase Lauryldimethylamine oxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14.1 hours.
Particulate-phase Lauryldimethylamine oxide will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.
If released to soil, Lauryldimethylamine oxide is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 5.5. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.6X10-11 atm-cu m/mole.
In aqueous biodegradation screening tests, Lauryldimethylamine oxide was 100% removed after 28 days as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, suggesting that biodegradation in soil and water is an important fate process.
If released into water, Lauryldimethylamine oxide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 0.7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide's production and use as a surfactant in dishwasher detergent, shampoo and soap, as a foam stabilizer, and textile antistatic agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 5.5(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 190,000 mg/L and a regression-derived equation, indicates that Lauryldimethylamine oxide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

Why Puracy Uses Lauryldimethylamine oxide
We use Lauryldimethylamine oxide as a surfactant and cleanser.
The Cosmetics Ingredient Review has deemed the ingredient safe for use in cosmetic products and in leave-on products in which the concentration is limited to 3.7%.
Research shows the ingredient is typically not a skin or eye irritant.

How Lauryldimethylamine oxide Is Made
Commercial production of Lauryldimethylamine oxide occurs largely by mixing the amine with 35% hydrogen peroxide at 60 degrees Celsius.
The mixture is heated to 75 degrees Celsius and sodium sulfite or manganese dioxide are added.
The mixture is then filtered to get rid of extra peroxide.

Lauryldimethylamine oxide and Stearamine Oxide are aliphatic tertiary amine oxides that are used mostly in hair care products as foam builders and stabilizers, viscosity enhancers, emollients, conditioners, emulsifiers, antistatic agents, and wetting agents.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is an excellent, versatile highly efficent surfactant for cleaning, contributing good foam and solubilizing properties to all kinds of cleaners, shampoos, bath and body products, and even detergents and cleaners for hard surfaces and even formulations for washing fine fabrics.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is compatible with most with nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. Works well in neutrral, acid, and alkaline formulations.
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is effective, plus it is an environmentally responsible surfactant that can often replace ngredient that replaces products that are petroleum based, and you may see added performance.

FEATURES & BENEFITS Bleach (Chlorine) & Acid Stable Can be used with a variety of anionic, nonionic & cationic surfactants and co surfactants.

USES:
Washes and Cleaners
Body Washes
Conditioners
Alkaline and Acid Cleaners
Bleach Cleaners
Body Washes
Bubble Bath
Car and Truck Wash Soaps
Conditioners
Dishwash Detergents
Facial Cleansers
Foam Booster
Green Products
Industrial cleaners
Roof and House washes

Volatilization of Lauryldimethylamine oxide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.6X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4).
Lauryldimethylamine oxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.2X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5).
In aqueous biodegradation screening tests, Lauryldimethylamine oxide was 100% removed after 28 days as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(6), suggesting that biodegradation in soil is an important fate process(SRC).

According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Lauryldimethylamine oxide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 6.2X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method, will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere.
Vapor-phase Lauryldimethylamine oxide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14.1 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method Particulate-phase Lauryldimethylamine oxide may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC).
Lauryldimethylamine oxide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

They are polar solvents that have a high solubility in water but a poor solubility in most organic solvents. They are electrically neutral but carries positive and negative charges on different atoms in an aqueous solution.
Depending on the composition and conditions of pH value, the substances can have anionic or cationic properties.
In the presence of acids, they will accept the hydrogen ions but they will donate hydrogen ions to the solution in the presence of bases, which balances the pH.

Such actions make buffer solutions which resist change to the pH.
In the detergency ability amphoteric surfactants which change their charge according to the pH of the solution affects properties of foaming, wetting and detergentcy through a surface action that exerts both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
In biochemistry amphoteric surfactant is used as a detergent for purifying, cleansing and antimicrobial effects.
Alkylbetains and aminoxides are amphoteric surfactants.

IUPAC NAMES:
1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide
ColaLux LG
dodecyl(dimethyl) amine oxide
dodecyl(dimethyl)amine oxide
Dodecyldimethylamine oxide
dodecyldimethylamine oxide
dodecyldimethylamine oxide
Lauramine oxide
LAURYLDIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE
N,N-Dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide
N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide
N,N-dimethyldodecanamine oxide
N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide
N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide, Lauryldimethylamine N-oxide, DDAO, LDAO
oxydededimethyllaurylamine
refan
Dodecycldimethylamine oxide
DDAO, Lauryldimethylamine N-oxide, LDAO
LADO
n-Dodeycl-N,N-dimethylamine-N-oxide
N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide
Barlox(R) 1260
Cocoamine oxide derivative
dodecyl bimethyl amine oxide
N,N-DiMethyldodecylaMine N-oxide, 30 wt.% solution in H2O, Mixture
|N|,|N|-DiMethyldodecylaMine N-oxide (DDAO)
Detergent Screening Solution 43/Fluka kit no 66317
n,n-dimethyldodecylamine-n-oxid
Dodecyldimethylamine oxide research grade
N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide,DDAO, LDAO, Lauryldimethylamine N-oxide
N-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethylamine oxide
LauryldiMethylaMine oxide(OB-2)
n-Dodecyl-N,N-Dimethylamine-N-Oxide
N-ethyl-N-oxido-dodecan-1-amine
1-Dodecanamine,N,N-dimethyloxide
ammonyxao
ammonyxlo
amonyxao
aromoxdmcd
aromoxdmmc-w
concoxal
ddno
dimethylaurylamineoxide
dimethyldodecylamine-n-oxide
dimethyldodecylaminen-oxide
dimethyldodecylamineoxide
dimethyllaurylamineoxide
Dodecayldimethylamineoxide
empigenob
n,n-dimethl-1-dodecanaminn-oxide
n,n-dimethyl-1-dodecanaminn-oxide
n,n-dimethyldodecylamine-n-oxidesol.
n,n-dimethyldodecylamineoxide
n,n-dimethyl-dodecylaminn-oxide
n,n-dimethyl-dodecylaminoxid
n,n-dimethyl-dodecylaminoxid(czech)
n,n-dimethyl-n-dodecylamineoxide
nci-c55129
n-dodecyldimethylamineoxide
n-lauryldimethylaminen-oxide
n-lauryl-n,n-dimethylamineoxide
Lauryl Dimethylamine Oxide N, N-Dimethyldodecylamine-N-Oxide Lauramine Oxide
Lauryldimethylamine oxide 1643-20-5 LDAO
N-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethylamine oxide 1643-20-5 LDAO
Domiphen Impurity 2
Benzalkoniumchloride Impurity 3
LDAO
LAURAMINE OXIDE
LAURYLDIMETHYLAMINE N-OXIDE
LAURYLDIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE
NAXIDE LM-30
N,N-DIMETHYLDODECYLAMINE-N-OXIDE

WILFAROL 1214; hexacosan-13-ol; Alcohols, C12-16; Alcohols, C12-16; C12-16 ALCOHOLS;Alcohols, C12-16;Alkohole, C12-16;Cetyl/dodecyl alcohol CAS NO:68855-56-1

LAVENDER ESSENCE Lavender oil Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. There are over 400 types of lavender species worldwide with different scents and qualities. Two forms are distinguished, lavender flower oil, a colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of 0.885 g/mL; and lavender spike oil, a distillate from the herb Lavandula latifolia, having density 0.905 g/mL. Like all essential oils, it is not a pure compound; it is a complex mixture of phytochemicals, including linalool and linalyl acetate. Production Pure lavender essential oil is produced through steam distillation. This generates a greater amount of oil compared to other methods due to reduction of polar compound loss.[1] Harvest of lavender blooms are typically around June. Lavender flowers are compacted into a still. Fewer air pockets in the still result in greater oil yield. A boiler is then used to steam the bottom of the lavender flower filled still at a very low pressure. The lavender flower pockets containing oil are broken from this heating process and a pipe of cold water is run through the center of the still. The hot lavender oil vapor condenses on the cold pipe with the cold water and is collected into a holding tank where it is allowed to settle. Due to polarity and densities of the water and oil, these two will separate in the holding tank whereupon the water is piped out, leaving just lavender essential oil.[2] Lavender oil is produced around the world, with Bulgaria leading the global industry.[3] Uses Lavender oil has long been used as a perfume, for aromatherapy, and for skin applications.[4][5]:184–186 Lavender oil is used in massage therapy as a way of inducing relaxation through direct skin contact.[4][6] Oil of spike lavender was used as a solvent in oil painting, mainly before the use of distilled turpentine became common.[7] Adverse effects In rare cases, lavender oil in soaps, shampoos, and other skin applied medications may cause prepubertal gynecomastia (breast development in young boys).[8] Other potential adverse effects include a sedative effect and contact dermatitis as an allergic reaction, possibly resulting from major lavender oil constituents, camphor, terpinen-4-ol, linalool and linalyl acetate.[9][4] In Australia lavender oil is one of the many essential oils that have been increasingly causing cases of poisoning, mostly of children. In the period 2014-2018 there were 271 reported cases in New South Wales, accounting for 6.1% of essential oil poisoning incidents.[10] Composition The exact composition of lavender essential oil varies from species to species but consists primarily of monoterpeneoids and sesquiterpeneoids. Of these linalool and linalyl acetate dominate, with moderate levels of lavandulyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol and lavandulol. 1,8-cineole and camphor are also present in low to moderate qualities. In all lavender oil typically contains many more than 100 compounds, although a great many of these are present at very low concentrations. DESCRIPTION Obtained by distilling lavender flowers. Purifies and perfumes the house, banishes mosquitoes. Can be used in hundreds of different ways: a few drops on a pillow, handkerchief, linen, in cupboards, in the bath water. And also as a rub to relieve stiff muscles and insect bites. 100ml bottle The Health Benefits of Lavender Essential Oil This soothing oil can calm anxiety and improve sleep Table of Contents Health Benefits Side Effects Dosage and Preparation What to Look For Common Questions Lavender essential oil is one of the most popular and versatile essential oils used in aromatherapy. Distilled from the plant Lavandula angustifolia, the oil promotes relaxation and believed to treat anxiety, fungal infections, allergies, depression, insomnia, eczema, nausea, and menstrual cramps. In essential oil practices, lavender is a multipurpose oil. It is purported to have anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antidepressant, antiseptic, antibacterial and antimicrobial properties, as well as antispasmodic, analgesic, detoxifying, hypotensive, and sedative effects. Health Benefits Lavender essential oil and its properties have been widely studied. Here's a look at the research. Anxiety While there's currently a lack of large-scale clinical trials testing lavender's effects on people with anxiety, a number of studies show that the oil may offer some anti-anxiety benefits. Several studies have tested lavender's anxiety-reducing effects in specific populations. For example, a study published in Physiology & Behavior in 2005 focused on 200 people awaiting dental treatment and found that breathing in the scent of lavender both lessened anxiety and improved mood. In addition, a pilot study published in Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice in 2012 indicates that lavender-essential-oil-based aromatherapy may help soothe anxiety in high-risk postpartum women. In an experiment involving 28 women who had given birth in the previous 18 months, researchers found that four weeks of twice-weekly, 15-minute-long aromatherapy sessions helped alleviate depression in addition to lowering anxiety levels There's also some evidence that ingesting lavender oil may help relieve anxiety. In a report published in Phytomedicine in 2012, for instance, scientists analyzed 15 previously published clinical trials and concluded that dietary supplements containing lavender oil may have some therapeutic effects on patients struggling with anxiety and/or stress. A more recent review of the literature found 5 studies (2010, 2010, 2014, 2015 and 2016) showed benefits ins participants with moderate to severe anxiety. Insomnia Several studies have shown lavender essential oil may help promote sleep and fight insomnia. A 2015 study published in the Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine found a combination of sleep hygiene techniques and lavender essential oil therapy helped college students get a better night's sleep than sleep hygiene alone. The study of 79 students with self-reported sleep problems also found inhaling lavender at bedtime improved daytime energy and vibrancy.5 A 2018 study published in Holistic Nursing Practice confirms lavender's effect on sleep. In this study of 30 residents of a nursing home, lavender aromatherapy was found to improve sleep onset, quality, and duration in an elderly population.6 Possible Side Effects Lavender essential oil may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction in some individuals. If you experience nausea, vomiting, or a headache after using lavender, discontinue use immediately. Because consuming lavender essential oil can have toxic effects, this remedy should not be ingested unless under the supervision of a medical professional. Dosage and Preparation There is no recommended daily allowance for lavender essential oil. According to the principles of aromatherapy, breathing in the scent of lavender essential oil or applying lavender essential oil to the skin transmits messages to the limbic system, a brain region known to influence the nervous system and help regulate emotion. One popular approach involves combining lavender oil with a carrier oil (such as jojoba or sweet almond). Once blended with a carrier oil, lavender essential oil can be massaged into your skin or added to your bath. You can also sprinkle a few drops of lavender essential oil onto a cloth or tissue and inhale its aroma, or add the oil to an aromatherapy diffuser or vaporizer. What to Look For Essential oils are not regulated by the FDA and do not have to meet any purity standards. When purchasing essential oils, look for a supplier who either distills their own material or deals directly with reputable distillers, and uses gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to analyze the quality of the product. When buying pure lavender essential oil, check the label for its Latin name, Lavandula angustifolia. No other oils or ingredients should be listed. If you see another oil, such as fractionated coconut oil, jojoba oil, or sweet almond oil, the lavender is diluted and should not be used in a diffuser. Essential oils should be packaged in a dark amber or cobalt bottle and stored out of sunlight. Other Questions Can lavender essential oil treat allergies? Many essential oil proponents recommend using a combination of lavender, lemon, and peppermint oil to relieve allergy symptoms, and claim that lavender is a natural antihistamine. A 1999 study printed in the J Pharm Pharmaceuticals did find that lavender oil inhibits immediate type allergic reactions in mice and rats. Will adding lavender oil to my mascara make my lashes grow faster? Adding lavender oil to mascara is purported to help lashes grow thicker and faster. The theory behind this is that tiny mites live on and feast on eyelashes inhibiting growth, and using lavender to kill the mites will allow lashes to grow faster. There is no scientific evidence to support this claim. Is lavender essential oil a cure for baldness? A few studies over the years have suggested that lavender oil may reverse hair loss. A 2016 study on mice showed that a diluted topically applied lavender essential oil did lead to dramatic hair growth. An earlier study (1998) looked at people with alopecia areata showed improvement in hair growth with a topically applied combination of lavender, thyme, rosemary and cedarwood. A Word From Verywell While lavender may help soothe mild anxiety, it should not be used in place of professional mental health treatment for any type of anxiety disorder. If you're experiencing symptoms of anxiety such as constant worrying, fatigue, insomnia, and rapid heartbeat, make sure to consult your primary care provider rather than self-treating your anxiety with lavender. Overview Information Lavender is an herb. The flower and the oil of lavender are used to make medicine. Lavender is commonly used for anxiety, stress, and insomnia. It is also used for depression, dementia, pain after surgery, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these uses. In foods and beverages, lavender is used as a flavor component. In manufacturing, lavender is used in pharmaceutical products and as a fragrance ingredient in soaps, cosmetics, perfumes, potpourri, and decorations. Lavender (scientific name Lavandula angustifolia) is commonly contaminated with related species, including Lavandula hybrida, which is a cross between Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula latifolia, from which lavandin oil is obtained. How does it work? Lavender contains an oil that seems to have sedating effects and might relax certain muscles. It also seems to have antibacterial and antifungal effects. Uses & Effectiveness? Possibly Effective for Anxiety. Some research shows that taking a specific type of lavender oil supplement by mouth might improve symptoms in some people with anxiety. Most research also shows that lavender oil aromatherapy or aromatherapy massage improves anxiety. Depression. Research shows that lavender aromatherapy may improve symptoms in some people with depression. Taking lavender preparations by mouth might also help. While taking lavender appears to be slightly less effective than the antidepressant drug imipramine, taking the two in combination might be more beneficial than taking the drug alone. Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea). Lavender oil aromatherapy massages reduce pain associated with menstruation in some young women better than regular massages. Also, inhaling lavender oil for the first 3 days of menstruation seems to reduce stomach pain and backache in women with menstrual pain. Pain after surgery. Some research shows that inhaling lavender essence while receiving pain killers intravenously (by IV) can help reduce pain in women after a C-section. Other research shows that inhaling lavender for 3 minutes every 6 hours can lessen pain and reduce the need to use acetaminophen after a tonsillectomy in children 6-12 years old. Possibly Ineffective for Pain in people with cancer. Research shows that using lavender oil for aromatherapy massage doesn't reduce cancer-related pain compared to massages alone. Insufficient Evidence for Patchy hair loss (alopecia areata). There is some evidence that applying lavender oil in combination with oils from thyme, rosemary, and cedarwood might improve hair growth by as much as 44% after 7 months of treatment. Eczema (atopic dermatitis). Early research shows that using a combination of lavender oil and other herbal essential oils for aromatherapy massage does not improve skin irritation during the day or the ability to sleep at night in children with itchy and inflamed skin. Canker sores. Research shows that applying 2 drops of lavender oil to the affected area three times daily can reduce canker sore swelling and pain and shorten the time it takes for canker sores to heal. Excessive crying in infants (colic). Results from one small study show that massaging a combination of lavender and almond oils onto the belly of infants for 5-15 minutes at the onset of colic reduces crying time by about 7 hours per week. Diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, that interfere with thinking (dementia). Some research shows that using lavender oil in a diffuser at night reduces agitation in people with dementia. But inhaling the scent of lavender oil applied to the shirt collar or on the forearms doesn't seem to decrease dementia-related agitation. Also, using aromatherapy massages doesn't seem to improve mental function in people with dementia. Fall prevention. There is some evidence that attaching a pad with lavender oil onto the neckline of clothing reduces the risk of falling by 43% in nursing home residents. Fatigue. Early research shows that inhaling lavender oil for 15-20 minutes twice daily for 4 weeks reduces fatigue in people undergoing dialysis for kidney disease. However, inhaling lavender less often or for less time might not work. High blood pressure. Early research shows that using an essential oil mixture of lavender, lemon, and ylang ylang as aromatherapy might reduce systolic blood pressure (the top number) but not diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) in people with high blood pressure. Insomnia. Early research shows that using lavender oil in a vaporizer overnight, or on a gauze pad, cotton ball, or cloth left beside the bed, might help some people with mild insomnia sleep better. But lavender oil aromatherapy does not seem to help people sleep in hospitals. Labor pain. Early research shows that inhaling the scent of lavender essence three separate times during labor can reduce overall pain in labor. Lice. Early research shows that applying a combination of lavender and tea tree oil to the skin helps kill lice eggs and reduce the number of live lice. It is unclear if the effects are caused by lavender alone or the combination of lavender and tea tree oil. Symptoms of menopause. Some research shows that inhaling the scent of lavender essence for 4-12 weeks can reduce symptoms of menopause such as flushing. Migraine. Early research shows that rubbing 2 or 3 drops of lavender oil on the upper lip and inhaling the vapor might reduce migraine pain and nausea, and help stop the headache spreading. Osteoarthritis. Some research shows that massaging the knee with lavender oil three times each week for 3 weeks can reduce osteoarthritis pain compared to massaging with unscented oil or no massage at all. Ear infection (otitis media). Early research shows that administering ear drops containing lavender and other herbal extracts improves ear pain in people with ear infections. However, this herbal combination does not appear to be more effective than using a skin-numbing agent along with the antibiotic amoxicillin. Pain. Some research shows that lavender aromatherapy might help reduce pain from needle insertion. Also, inhaling the scent of lavender oil before a gynecological exam seems to reduce pain during the exam. But lavender aromatherapy doesn't seem to reduce pain during wound dressing changes. Lavender oil aromatherapy also seems to reduce needle stick pain in infants. Nausea and vomiting after surgery. Some research shows that inhaling lavender oil from a cotton pad might help reduce nausea and vomiting shortly after surgery. Complications after childbirth. Adding lavender oil to baths seems to reduce redness in the area between the vagina and anus shortly after childbirth. It might also reduce pain in this area, but results are conflicting. Inhaling the scent of lavender oil in the morning, 6 hours later, and at bedtime seems to improve pain, fatigue, distress, and mood in women on the first day after delivery. Anxiety before surgery. Some people use lavender aromatherapy for reducing anxiety before surgery or other medical or dental procedures. But it's unclear if it's beneficial. Results from research are conflicting. Feelings of well-being. Some research shows that adding 3 mL of a 20% lavender oil and 80% grapeseed oil mixture to daily baths produces small improvements in mood compared with baths containing grapeseed oil alone. But other research shows that adding lavender oil to aromatherapy massage does not improve well-being or quality of life in cancer patients. A disorder that causes leg discomfort and an irresistible urge to move the legs (restless legs syndrome or RLS). One study shows that massaging the legs with lavender oil for 10-45 minutes 2-3 times weekly can reduce the severity of restless legs syndrome in people with kidney failure who are undergoing dialysis. But one study suggests that receiving massage with lavender is no better for improving RLS symptoms than unscented massage. Stress. Inhaling the scent of lavender oil before a gynecological exam seems to reduce distress after the exam. But lavender aromatherapy doesn't seem to reduce stress after heart bypass surgery. It also doesn't seem to reduce stress in students taking an exam. Absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea). Acne. Cancer. Gas (flatulence). Headache. Indigestion (dyspepsia). Insect repellent. Loss of appetite. Nausea and vomiting. Nerve pain. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sprains. Toothache. Other conditions. More evidence is needed to rate lavender for these uses.

Lead Octoate PB-36 is one of the auxiliary driers also called as through drier.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is a pale yellow liquid and is used as an active top drier in paints and coatings.


CAS Number: 301-08-6; 64742-81-0
EC Number: 206-107-0; 265-184-9
MDL Number: MFCD00014003
Compound Formula: C16H30O4Pb



Lead 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Lead Bis ( 2-Ethylhexanoate ), Kerosine (petroleum), hydrodesulfurized, Hydrodesulfurized kerosine (petroleum), HYDRODESULPHURIZEDKEROSINE, HYDRODESULFURIZEDKEROSENE, KEROSINE, STRAIGHTRUN,HYDROTREATED, hydrodesulfurized kerosin, hydrodesulphurized kerosene, kerosene (non-specific name), (40.5-42.5% PB), Leadethylhexanoate, Leadα-ethylcaproate, LeadethylhexanoatePb, LEAD 2-ETHYLHEXANOATE, lead 2-ethylhexanoate 95%, plumbous 2-ethylhexanoate, LEAD(II) 2-ETHYLHEXANOATE, lead bis(2-ethylhexanoate), lead(ii)2-ethylhexanoate95%, 2-ethyl-hexanoicacilead(2++)salt, (40.5-42.5% PB), Bis(2-ethylhexanoic acid)lead(II) salt, Hexanoicacid, 2-ethyl-,lead(II)salt, plumbous 2-ethylhexanoate, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, lead(2+) salt, 2-ethyl-hexanoicacilead(II)salt, Hexanoicacid,2-ethyl-,lead(2+)salt



Lead Octoate PB-36 is the most effective polymerization catalyst.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 000 to < 100 000 000 tonnes per annum.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is a pale yellow liquid and is used as an active top drier in paints and coatings.
Lead Octoate PB-36 provides hard, through drying throughout the film and also provides flexibility.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is the most important auxiliary drier in applications where drying is required at low temperatures.


Lead Octoate PB-36 has a metal content of 36% (± 0.2) and a specific gravity of 1.33 at 300°C (± 0.03).
Lead Octoate PB-36 is lead octoate grade.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is designed to use with oily paint & grease as a drier.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is suitable to be used together with cobalt and calcium driers.
The recommended usage amount is between 0.08-0.6% based on solid content.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used polymerization catalyst for drying oils and provides internal drying.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is the most effective polymerization catalyst.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is suitable to be used together with Cobalt, Calcium etc. driers.
Not recommended Lead Octoate PB-36 to use for Aluminum coatings.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is recommended usage amount is between
0,08% – 0,6% based on solid content.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is the most important auxiliary through drier.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is used with active driers like Cobalt and it promotes thorough drying by virtue of its polymerizing effect.
Lead Octoate PB-36 may not be used in aluminum paint where it interferes with leafing and has to be avoided in fume resistant paints as well.
The recommended dosage of Lead Octoate PB-36 is 0.3-1.0 w/w% lead metal on resin NV.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
Films of Lead Octoate PB-36 can be cast on silicon solutions by spin coating.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is a common solvent in metal-organic deposition (MOD) process.
Intermetallic PtPb nanoparticles have been synthesized by the chemical reduction of dimethyl(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum and Lead Octoate PB-36 by sodium naphthalide in THF or diglyme.


The precursors used for the photochemical production of PZT or PLZT films were Lead Octoate PB-36, lanthanum(III) 2-ethylhexanoate, zirconyl(IV) 2-ethylhexa- noate, and titanium(IV) isopropoxide.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used as active or top drier.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is used in polyurethane finishes as major auxiliary drier.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used important auxiliary drier especially in applications where drying required at low temperatures.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used mainly in industrial paint applications. Its use has been limited because of environmental effects.


Lead promotes an even through drying and in combination with Calcium and Barium it prevents precipitation of difficult to dissolve Lead compounds.
In conjunction with Butyltitanate Lead is used as an accelerator for the hardening of silicon resins.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Other release to the environment of Lead Octoate PB-36 is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Release to the environment of Lead Octoate PB-36 can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, anti-freeze products, coating products and fuels.


Other release to the environment of Lead Octoate PB-36 is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Lead Octoate PB-36 is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, anti-freeze products, coating products and fuels.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, metal working fluids and fuels.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Other release to the environment of Lead Octoate PB-36 is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Release to the environment of Lead Octoate PB-36 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is used in the following products: fuels and metal working fluids.
Lead Octoate PB-36 has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Lead Octoate PB-36 can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Lead Octoate PB-36 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Films of Lead Octoate PB-36 can be cast on silicon solutions by spin coating.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is a common solvent in metal-organic deposition (MOD) process.
Intermetallic PtPb nanoparticles have been synthesized by the chemical reduction of dimethyl(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum and Lead Octoate PB-36 by sodium naphthalide in THF or diglyme.


The precursors used for the photochemical production of PZT or PLZT films were Lead Octoate PB-36, lanthanum(III) 2-ethylhexanoate, zirconyl(IV) 2-ethylhexa- noate, and titanium(IV) isopropoxide.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used as active or top drier.


Lead Octoate PB-36 promotes hard, through drying throughout the entire film and also promotes flexibility.
In alkyd finishes where fume proof finishes are not specified.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used s oil drying agents.


Lead Octoate PB-36 acts as a wetting agent, dispersing agent and drier.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is a clean liquid without suspended matter.
Lead Octoate PB-36 promotes through-drying across the entire film depth.


In comparison to linoleate, phthalates and naphthenates, Lead Octoate PB-36 provides better color, odor, stability and viscosity.
Lead Octoate PB-36 shows lower price level in comparison to synthetic acids and metallic salts like those prepared with iso-acids as well as neo-acids.
Lead Octoate PB-36 enables high metal concentration with superior quality and reproducibility.


Lead Octoate PB-36 is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds (also known as metalorganic, organo-inorganic and metallo-organic compounds) sold by American Elements under the trade name AE Organo-Metallics for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications.


The numerous commercial applications for Lead Octoate PB-36 include batteries, cable covering, plumbing, and ammunition.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used alloys include solder, type metal, and various antifriction metals and compounds.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is suitable to use with oily paints as a drier and also suitable for using with grease.



FEATURES OF LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
Polymerization catalyst for drying oils and provides internal drying.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is the most effective polymerization catalyst. Suitable to be used together with Cobalt, Calcium etc. driers.

Lead Octoate PB-36 is suitable for use with oily paints as a drier and also suitable for using with grease.
Not recommended to use for Aluminum coatings.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is recommended usage amount is between 0,08% – 0,6% based on solid content.



THROUGH DRIER IN ALKYD RESIN PAINTS USES OF LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
Lead Octoate PB-36 is one of the auxiliary driers also called as through drier.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is used as active or top drier.
Lead Octoate PB-36 promotes hard, through drying throughout the entire film and also promotes flexibility.

In alkyd finishes where fume proof finishes are not specified.
Lead is used in combination with Cobalt and Calcium octoate, It is always advisable to use Lead Octoate PB-36 after the addition of Calcium octoate to eliminate the possibility of reaction of lead with unreacted phthalic anhydride in alkyd media, which could form lead phathlate.

In tong oil alkyd medium 0.05 to 2.00% of lead is the usual amount required in conjunction with Cobalt and Calcium soaps.
In outside paints and floorfinishes as well as in banking enamels Lead Octoate PB-36 is used with Manganese drier to produce a tough and hard film.
In tong oil phenolic resin, lead promotes drying.

Lead Octoate PB-36 is also used in Polyurethane finishes as major auxiliary drier.
Lead Octoate PB-36 is the most important auxiliary drier especially in applications where drying is required at low temperatures (less than 10 deg. centigrade.)
Different metal concentrations of lead drier such as 18,24,32,36 percentage are used by the paint industry.



FEATURES OF LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
*Polymerization catalyst for drying oils and provides internal drying.
*Lead Octoate PB-36 is the most effective polymerization catalyst.
*Suitable to be used together with Cobalt, Calcium etc. driers.
*Suitable to use with oily paints as a drier and also suitable for using with grease.
*Not recommended to use for Aluminum coatings.
*Lead Octoate PB-36 is recommended usage amount is between 0,08% – 0,6% based on solid content.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
Compound Formula: C16H30O4Pb
Molecular Weight: 493.61
Appearance: Viscous liquid
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 1.56 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 494.191062
Monoisotopic Mass: 494.191062
CAS Number: 301-08-6
EINECS Number: 206-107-0
Chemical Formula: [CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)COO]2Pb
Molecular Formula: (C8H15O2)2Pb
Molecular Weight: 493.61

Linear Formula: Pb[OOCCH(C2H5)C4H9]2
MDL Number: MFCD00014003
EC No.: 206-107-0
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 160451
IUPAC Name: 2-ethylhexanoate; lead(2+)
SMILES: CCCCC(CC)C(=O)[O-].CCCCC(CC)C(=O)[O-].[Pb+2]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/2C8H16O2.Pb/c2*1-3-5-6-7(4-2)8(9)10;/h2*7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10);/q;;+2/p-2
InchI Key: RUCPTXWJYHGABR-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS: 301-08-6; 64742-81-0
EINECS/ELINCS: 206-107-0; 265-184-9
ACRONYM: PB
DILUENT: White Spirite
VISCOSITY:5 - 15(@20°C)
DENSITY: 1,09±0,01(@20°C)
APPEARANCE: Liquid
STORAGE TEMP.: (+5) / (+40)
SHELF LIFE: 1 Y

COLOR: Light Yellow
METAL CONTENT: 23,9 - 24,1 %
SOLİD CONTENT: 45 ± 2 %
CAS Number: 301-08-6
MDL Number: MFCD00014003
Molecular Formula: C16H30O4Pb
Formula Weight: 493.61
Chemical Formula: Pb[OOCCH(C2H5)C4H9]2
Color and Form: colorless to light brown viscous liq.
Physical Characteristics: flash point 324°F, density 1.56

Density: 1,56 g/cm3
Flash point: 162°C
form: liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.56
Water Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions
Exposure limits NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 0.050 mg/m3
CAS DataBase Reference: 301-08-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Lead(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (301-08-6)

density: 1,56 g/cm3
Fp: 162°C
form: liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.56
Water Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions
Exposure limits NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 0.050 mg/m3
CAS DataBase Reference: 301-08-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Lead(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (301-08-6)



FIRST AID MEASURES of LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LEAD OCTOATE PB-36:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

LEAD OXIDE = MASSICOT = GALENA


CAS Number: 1317-36-8
EC Number: 215-267-0
MDL Number: MFCD00011164
Chemical formula: PbO


Lead oxide is an inorganic lead salt composed from lead(2+) and oxide.
Lead oxide is an inorganic lead salt and a metal oxide.
Lead oxide contains a lead(2+).
Lead oxides are amphoteric and dissolve in aqueous solution under both acidic and basic conditions.


Lead oxide can be found in many forms including α-PbO (litharge) and β-PbO (massicot), α-PbO2 (scrutinyite) and β-PbO2 (plattnerite), and Pb3O4 (minium).
Lead oxide (PbO) exists in two crystalline modifications: red tetragonal (α-PbO) and yellow orthorhombic (β-PbO).
β-PbO is obtained at temperatures higher than 486°C and α-PbO, at lower temperatures.


Lead oxide, also called lead monoxide, is the inorganic compound with the molecular formula PbO.
Lead oxide occurs in two polymorphs: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure, and massicot having an orthorhombic crystal structure.
Modern applications for Lead oxide are mostly in lead-based industrial glass and industrial ceramics, including computer components.
Lead oxide is an amphoteric oxide.

Lead oxide is a general term and can be either lead monoxide or "litharge" (PbO); lead tetroxide or "red lead" (Pb3O4); or black or "gray" oxide which is a mixture of 70 percent lead monoxide and 30 percent metallic lead.
Black lead is made for specific use in the manufacture of lead
acid storage batteries.


Because of the size of the lead acid battery industry, Lead oxide is the most important commercial compound of lead, based on volume.
Total oxide production in 1989 was 57,984 megagrams (64,000 tons).
Lead oxide is soluble in concentrated alkali, hydrochloric acid, and ammonium chloride.
Lead oxide is insoluble in water, dilute alkali and alcohol.


Lead oxide is an inorganic lead salt composed from lead(2+) and oxide
Lead oxide, or litharge, is a yellow oxide of lead of formula PbO, created by heating lead in air.
Lead oxide can also be formed by heating lead(II) nitrate(V) (Pb(NO3)2).
Lead oxide is amphoteric, meaning it reacts with acids to form Pb2+ and with bases to form plumbate(II)


In 2020, Lead Oxides were the world's 1148th most traded product, with a total trade of $136M.
Between 2019 and 2020 the exports of Lead Oxides decreased by -12.9%, from $156M to $136M.
Trade in Lead Oxides represent 0.00081% of total world trade.
Lead Oxides are a part of Inorganic chemicals.


They include Lead monoxide (litharge, massicot), Lead oxides other than monoxide, red and orange lead, and Red lead and orange lead.
Lead oxide, also called lead monoxide, is the inorganic compound with the molecular formula PbO.
Lead oxide occurs in two polymorphs: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure, and massicot having an orthorhombic crystal structure.
Lead oxide is an amphoteric oxide.


Lead oxide, often known as litharge, is a yellow oxide of lead with the formula PbO formed by heating lead in the presence of oxygen.
Lead oxide is red to orange powder.
Lead Oxide (Litharge)(PBO) is available in two crystalline modifications at temperatures higher than 486C or lower temperatures.
This is provided in 99% pure form without any adulteration to meet varied demands of different sectors.


Lead oxide, known also as lead peroxide, lead brown, lead oxide brown, and lead (IV) oxide (PbO(2)), is a very strong oxidizer and may react violently with reducing agents.
As a solid, Lead oxide forms a dark brown powder that is odorless and insoluble in water, with a melting point of about 290 degrees Celsius.
Lead oxide is yellow in color, water insoluble, and is odorless.


Lead oxide constitutes a family of compounds with varying numbers of oxygen atoms per molecule, depending on the valence state (+2 or +4) of the lead, and varying crystal morphs, even with the same chemical formulas.
These compounds are familiar to geologists as ores and crystal minerals, to inorganic chemists, and to manufacturers as pigments.
Massicot, an orthorhombic crystal of Lead oxide (PbO), and the mineral litharge, the tetragonal morph, are found on the edges of lead ore bodies, and to a petrologist, are very indicative of the degree of oxidation.


A minor ore of lead, massicot is used as a pigment and is collected by rock hounds as a mineral specimen.
Litharge figures prominently in the manufacturing of ceramic products, including capacitors, Vidicon tubes, and electrophotographic plates.
Lead from litharge supplies the lead salts used as stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride and other plastics, soaps (lead stearate), oil refining, and driers for paints.


Lead monoxide, also known as lead protoxide, has a molecular weight of 233.19, a boiling point of 1,472 degrees Celsius, and a melting point of 888 degrees Celsius.
Adding carbon to lead monoxide will yield elemental lead and carbon monoxide.
Another lead oxide mineral, minium, is also known as "red lead" and is an oxidation product of other lead minerals.


Minium is more widely used as a pigment in paints and dyes and less important to rock collectors.
To the novice chemist or geologist, it might appear that lead takes on a third valance state based on the chemical formula for red lead.
However, these compounds are actually composed of lead having the two valence states (Pb+2 and Pb+4), and are typical members of the spinel group of oxide minerals.


Known as lead tetraoxide, minium red lead, or Saturn red, minium has a molecular weight of 695.60, appears as a heavy, odorless red powder, and features a melting point of about 500 degrees Celsius.
Crystals of minium are red, ranging from scarlet to brick red, tetragonal, opaque, and generally well striated.
Under ultraviolet light (UV), some specimens of this variety of lead oxide fluoresce an orange color.


In contrast, massicot crystals are yellow to reddish yellow, opaque, and orthorhombic.
Both feature specific gravities well above average for any mineral (8.9-9.2 for minium; 9.6-9.7 for massicot).
As with other lead compounds, lead monoxide and lead tetraoxide are considered toxic if ingested or released into the environment.
Annual lead oxide production exceeds 64,000 tons.


Lead oxide is right-red crystalline substance or amorphous powder; density 9.1 g/cm3; decomposes on heating to 500°C, melts at 830°C under pressure and oxygen; insoluble in water and alcohol.
Lead oxide is soluble in glacial acetic acid, hot hydrochloric acid, and a dilute nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture.
Together with ZnO, PbO is considered one of the Metallic oxide fluxes.


Lead oxide reacts easily with silica to form low melting lead silicates of high gloss and deep character.
Lead is very easy to use.
Lead oxide is the heaviest oxide and produces incredible colors with most pigments.
Lead oxide is especially recommended for iron tan, browns and reds and titanium yellows and reds.


Lead has 'blemish healing' and flow characteristics that are unmatched.
Lead glazes tend to have high resistance to chipping.
In addition, lead is a 'forgiving material' that tends to hide imperfections on the finished fired surface.
Lead glazes have been demanded for fine China for many years, although substitutes have been developed.


Lead carbonate, a favorite source is highly pure and has a very fine particle size.
It also promotes good suspension in raw glazes as well as rapid fusion.
Lead oxides are a group of inorganic compounds with formulas including lead (Pb) and oxygen (O).


Common lead oxides include:
Lead(II) oxide, PbO, litharge (red), massicot (yellow)
Lead(II,IV) oxide, Pb3O4, minium, red lead
Lead dioxide (lead(IV) oxide), PbO2


Less common lead oxides are:
Lead(II,IV) oxide, Pb2O3, lead sesquioxide (reddish yellow)
Pb12O19 (monoclinic, dark-brown or black crystals)
The so-called black lead oxide, which is a mixture of PbO and fine-powdered metal Pb and used in the production of lead–acid batteries.


Lead oxides are basically an oxide’s family varying in color (grey/green, red, and yellow), in degree of oxidation (PbO, Pb3O4, PbO2) and in crystal structure (in forms of PbO, orthogonal and tetragonal).
Lead oxide is a term that can be either Lead monoxide or litharge Lead tetroxide or Red Lead or Gray or Black oxide which is a mixture of 30 percent metallic Lead and 70 percent Lead monoxide.
Black Lead is made for specific use in Lead acid storage batteries manufacturing.


Due to large use in the Lead acid battery industry, Lead monoxide is one of the most important compounds of Lead, based on volume.
Due to its electrical and electronic properties, litharge is also used in various components for different types of use like capacitors, electro photographic plates, and Video tubes, even in ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials.
Their wide range of chemical and physical properties, Lead oxides have been know and used worldwide since before the ancient Romans.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LEAD OXIDE:
Lead oxide is used primarily in the manufacture of various ceramic products.
Because of its electrical and electronic properties, Lead oxide is also used in capacitors, and electrophotographic plates, as well as in ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials.


Lead oxide is also used as an activator in rubber, a curing agent in elastomers, a sulfur removal agent in the production of thioles and in oil refining, and an oxidation catalyst in several organic chemical processes.
Lead oxide also has important markets in the production of many lead chemicals, dry colors, soaps (i. e., lead stearate), and driers for paint.
Another important use of Lead oxide is the production of lead salts, particularly those used as stabilizers for plastics, notably polyvinyl chloride materials.


Lead oxide is employed mostly in lead-based industrial glass and industrial ceramics, including computer components.
Lead oxide is used as an intermediate/precursor in the manufacture of several products, for example water proof cements, lubricants, lubricating oils, inorganic pigments, lead soaps, petroleum refining, rubber, cathode ray tube glass, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Lead oxide is useful for lead acid batteries as cathode and anode.


Lead oxide scores significant applications in oil, gas and chemical manufactures.
Lead oxide is an efficient catalyst for condensation reactions in organic synthesis.
Lead oxide is a component of lead paints and is used extensively in manufacturing of lead glasses and ceramic glazes.
Lead oxide is the main ingredient of the paste used for filling the plates during manufacturing of lead-acid batteries.


A mixture of Lead oxide with glycerine sets to a hard, waterproof cement that has been used to join the flat glass sides and bottoms of aquaria, and was also once used to seal glass panels in window frames.
Lead oxide is used in vulcanization of rubber.
Lead oxide is used in certain condensation reactions in organic synthesis.


Lead oxide is used in cathode ray tube glass to block X-ray emission, but mainly in the neck and funnel because it can cause discoloration when used in the faceplate.
Heated lead nitrate can also be used to make Lead oxide.
Because lead is still a significant component of automotive lead-acid batteries, the consumption of lead, and therefore the processing of Lead oxide, is proportional to the number of vehicles.


Lead oxide has been widely used in batteries, gas sensors, pigments, ceramics, and glass industries.
High purity Lead Oxide (minio), predominantly used as an essential element to create brightness and transparency in glass, is today also used in various manufacturing fields such as ceramics, crystal, paints and batteries.
Lead oxide is used as an industrial oxidizing agent, in storage batteries, and in the textile industry.


Lead oxide is a raw material for the production of “lead paste” for battery manufacture.
Lead Oxide, Lead(II) Oxide, or Litharge is commonly used for fire assaying of gold and silver ores.
A mixture of 70 percent lead monoxide and 30 percent metallic lead, sometimes referred to as black or gray oxide, is used to manufacture lead acid batteries.


Because of the size of the lead acid battery industry due to the large number of automobiles and airplanes worldwide, lead monoxide is the most important commercial compound of lead, based on volume.
Lead oxide is used in ointments, plasters, pottery glazes, glass flux, lead glass, varnishes, metal cements, colorants (brass, bronze, hair, nails, wool, and horn), and rubber pigments.


Lead oxide is also used to make boiled linseed oil and to assay gold and silver ores.
Lead oxide is used in storage batteries, high-temperature lubricants, capacitors, electrophotographic plates, transducers, and magnetic materials.
Lead oxide has many applications.
The most important use of Lead oxide is in paint and storage-batteries.


Lead oxide is used as a pigment in corrosion-protecting paints for steel surfaces.
Lead oxide also is used in positive battery plates; in colored glasses and ceramics; in glass sealants for television picture tubes; in propellants and explosives; in radiation shields for x-rays and gamma rays; in the vulcanization of rubber; in glass-writing pencils; in adhesives for tire cords; in foaming agents and waterproofing materials; in plasters and ointments; in lead dioxide matches; and as a catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide in exhausts.


Lead oxide is used Plasters and ointments; manufacture of colorless glass; glaze for faience; flux for porcelain painting, protective paint for iron and steel; oil-color for ship paints, varnishes; coloring rubber; cement for glass, gas and steam pipes; storage batteries; pencils for writing on glass; manufacture of lead peroxide, matches.
Red lead (Pb3O4) is a brilliant red-orange colored synthetic inorganic pigment used mainly as a protective priming coat for steel work rather than a coloring pigment in paints.


Lead oxide is used to prepare colorless glass, faience glaze, porcelain painting flux, iron and steel coatings, rubber pigment and in glass cement.
Lead oxide is also used in gas and steam pipes, storage batteries, writing on glass and to make lead peroxide and matches.
Lead oxide is associated with linseed oil and used as a thick, long-lasting anti-corrosive paint.


Lead oxide gives better water resistant properties by replacing magnesium oxide.
Further, Lead oxide is used in the manufacture of lead glass and rustproof primer paints.
In addition to this, Lead oxide acts as a pigment for primer paints for iron objects.


Lead oxide is widely used in glazing pottery, lead glass, storage batteries, glass flux for painting, metal cement with glycerol, etc.
Besides this, Lead oxide is also utilized in the preparation of lead subacetate solutions, ointments and plasters, iridescent colors, coloring sulfur-containing substances, etc.


-Typical Applications of Lead oxide:
Glazing pottery, Glass flux for painting, Lead glass; Metal cement with Glycerol; Storage batteries; Ointments and Plasters; Preparing lead subacetate solutions.
Lead oxide is used producing iridescent colors on brass and bronze; Coloring sulfur-containing substances; Pigment for rubber; Oil refining; Varnishes, Paints, and Enamels; Aassays for precious metal ores



CHEMICAL of LEAD OXIDE:
Lead oxide is a general term and can be either lead monoxide or "litharge" (PbO); lead tetroxide or "red lead" (Pb3O4); or black or "gray" oxide which is a mixture of 70 percent lead monoxide and 30 percent metallic lead.
Black lead is made for specific use in the manufacture of lead acid storage batteries.
Because of the size of the lead acid battery industry, lead monoxide is the most important commercial compound of lead, based on volume.
Red lead is produced by oxidizing litharge in a reverberatory furnace.
The major lead pigment is red lead(Pb3O4), which is used principally in ferrous metal protective paints.



TYPES of LEAD OXIDE:
Lead oxide exists in two types:
Red tetragonal (α-PbO), obtained at lower temperatures than the β-PbO
Yellow orthorhombic (β-PbO), which is obtained temperatures higher than 486 °C (907 °F)



STRUCTURE of LEAD OXIDE:
As determined by X-ray crystallography, both polymorphs, tetragonal and orthorhombic feature a pyramidal four-coordinate lead center.
In the tetragonal form the four lead–oxygen bonds have the same length, but in the orthorhombic two are shorter and two longer.
The pyramidal nature indicates the presence of a stereochemically active lone pair of electrons.
When Lead oxide occurs in tetragonal lattice structure it is called litharge; and when the PbO has orthorhombic lattice structure it is called massicot.

Lead oxide can be changed from massicot to litharge or vice versa by controlled heating and cooling.
The tetragonal form is usually red or orange color, while the orthorhombic is usually yellow or orange, but the color is not a very reliable indicator of the structure.
The tetragonal and orthorhombic forms of Lead oxide occur naturally as rare minerals.



SYNTHESIS of LEAD OXIDE:
PbO may be prepared by heating lead metal in air at approximately 600 °C (1,100 °F).
At this temperature Lead oxide is also the end product of decomposition of other oxides of lead in air.
Thermal decomposition of lead(II) nitrate or lead(II) carbonate also results in the formation of PbO:
2 Pb(NO3)2 → 2 PbO + 4 NO2 + O2
PbCO3 → PbO + CO2

Lead oxide is produced on a large scale as an intermediate product in refining raw lead ores into metallic lead.
The usual lead ore is galena (lead(II) sulfide).
At a temperature of around 1,000 °C (1,800 °F) the sulfide is converted to the oxide:
2 PbS + 3 O2 → 2 PbO + 2 SO2
From lead
There are two principal methods to make lead monoxide both of which resemble combustion of the lead at high temperature.

Barton pot method:
The refined molten lead droplets are oxidized in a vessel under a forced air flow which carries them out to the separation system (e.g. cyclonic separators) for further processing. 
Oxides produced by this method are mostly a mixture of α-PbO and β-PbO. The overall reaction is:
2Pb + O2 450 °C (842 °F)→ 2PbO

Ball mill method:
The lead balls are oxidized in a cooled rotating drum.
The oxidation is achieved by collisions of the balls.
Just like in Barton pot method, the supply of air and separators may also be used.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LEAD OXIDE:
Chemical formula: PbO
Molar mass: 223.20 g/mol
Appearance: red or yellow powder
Density: 9.53 g/cm3
Melting point: 888 °C (1,630 °F; 1,161 K)
Boiling point: 1,477 °C (2,691 °F; 1,750 K)
Solubility in water: 0.017 g/L
Solubility: insoluble in dilute alkalis, alcohol
soluble in concentrated alkalis
soluble in HCl, ammonium chloride
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): 4.20×10−5 cm3/mol
Crystal structure: Tetragonal, tP4
Space group: P4/nmm, No. 129

Molecular Weight: 223
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 223.97157
Monoisotopic Mass: 223.97157
Topological Polar Surface Area: 1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 2
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: 500 °C
Boiling point: 800°C
Density: 9,1 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 0 °C)
form: red powder
color: Orange
Water Solubility: Soluble in hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid and nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
Merck: 14,5425
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.05 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 0.050 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.

Physical state: powder
Color: yellowlight yellow
Odor: odorless
Melting point/range: 886 °C - lit.
Initial boiling pointand boiling range: > 600 °C at ca.1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 8 - 9 at 100 g/l at 20 °C (slurry)

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,0702 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 9,530 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 9,96 at 22,5 °C
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of LEAD OXIDE:
-After inhalation:
fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LEAD OXIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LEAD OXIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LEAD OXIDE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LEAD OXIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1D: Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LEAD OXIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
Lead(II) oxide
Lead monoxide
Litharge
Massicot
Plumbous oxide
Galena
1335-25-7
Lead oxide (PbO), lead-contg.
68411-78-9
Leady lead monoxide
EINECS 215-626-1
LEAD OXIDE [HSDB]
LEAD MONOXIDE [MI]
LEAD MONOXIDE [VANDF]
LEAD MONOXIDE [WHO-DD]
DTXSID0029638
CHEBI:8104
EINECS 270-148-0
A26757
C17379
J-52163
Lead Dioxide
Lead (IV) oxideLead peroxide
lead (IV) oxide
Plumbic oxide
Plattnerite
Bleimonoxid; Bleioxyd
C.I. 77577
C.I. Pigment Yellow 46
CI 77577
CI Pigment Yellow 46
Lead Oxide Yellow
Lead monooxide
Lead monoxide
Lead oxide
Lead oxide (PbO)
Lead oxide
Lead protoxide
Lead(2+) oxide
Lead(II) oxide
Litharge
Litharge Pure
Litharge Yellow L-28
Massicot
Massicotite
Plumbi monoxidum
Plumbous oxide
Plumbum oxydatum
Yellow Lead Ocher
UN3288

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Recommended use percentages: 0.2 - 4.0%.

Mode of Action of LECIGEL:
Hot or cold process gelling agents with emulsifying properties
Introduction into water or oil phase or after emulsion

Stability And Reactivity of LECIGEL:

Stability: Stable at temperature lower than 25°C and under normal conditions of use.

Hazardous reactions:
- Conditions to avoid: Heat, direct light, humidity.
- Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and bases.

Hazardous decomposition products:
During combustion or thermal decomposition (pyrolysis), LECIGEL may release: toxic and irritating vapours (CO, CO2) and NOx.

Dosage:
Recommended dosage: 0.1 - 2.0%
Gelling agent for aqueous gels: 0.5 - 2.0%
Emulsifier for gel-creams: 0.5 - 2.0%
Viscosity adjuster: >0.5%
Stabilizer of emulsions: >0.1%

Handling And Storage of LECIGEL:

Handling:

Technical measures:
Do not require specific or particular technical measures.
Close well packaging after use.

Precautions:
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Avoid the formation of dust.

Do not breathe dust.
Keep aways from food and drinks.
Wash hands and any other zone exposed with soap and water before eating, drinking, smoking and before leaving work.

Storage of LECIGEL:
Store the container tightly closed, protected from air, direct light and humidity, in a cool and dry area, and attemperatures lower than 25°C.
Store in LECIGEL packaging in a cool place away from heat sources.

Recommended packaging materials:
Original packaging (carton with inner polyethylene bag).

First Aid Measures of LECIGEL:

Skin contact:
Wash with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a doctor if necessary.

Eye contact:
Rinse with plenty of water immediately and extended in keeping the eyes disregarded.
Consult an ophthalmologist.

Ingestion:
No dangers which require special measures of first aid.
On the basis of studies carried out on similar products, LECIGEL should not be toxic.

Inhalation:
Move the affected person away from the contaminated area and into the fresh air.

Fire-Fighting Measures of LECIGEL:

Flammability:
LECIGEL is not flammable.

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water,Carbon dioxide (CO2), foam.

Not suitable extinguishing media:
water jet.

Specific hazards:

Under the action of heat or during combustion:
May form toxic and irritating vapours (carbon oxides).
Wet powder can cause extremely slipping conditions.

Specific fire fighting methods:
Avoid the dumping of extinguishing water in the environment.
Do not attempt to fight the fire without suitable protective equipment.

Protection of fire-fighters:
Complete protective clothing.
Self-contained and insulating breathing apparatus.

Accidental Release Measures of LECIGEL:

Personal precautions:
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Avoid the formation of dust.

Environmental precautions:
Do not allow product to spread into the soil and to enter sewers/ surface or ground water.

Methods for cleaning up:
Clean quickly with a shovel or by using a suction cleaning equipment.
Store the residues in adapted closed containers.

After cleaning, rinse the remaining traces with water.
Dispose of at a licensed waste collection point.

Properties of LECIGEL:
Provides gels & gel-creams,
Stabilizes and adjusts viscosity of emulsions,
Cold & hot process,
Quick-break effect,
High cooling effect: immediately lowers skin temperature with a lasting effect up to 20 minutes,
Decreases TEWL,
Increases skin hydration,
Enhances penetration and bioavailability of active ingredients to get better and/or faster results,
Triggers positive emotions and provides moments of happiness upon application.

INCI Name of LECIGEL:
Sodium Acrylates Copolymer (and) Lecithin

E322, CAS No. 8002-43-5, Noms français : Lécithine, Lécithine de soya, Phosphatidylcholine. Noms anglais : Lecithin, soybean, Lecithins, Lexithin, Soya lecithin, Soybean lecithin. Utilisation et sources d'émission, PC;kelecin;LECITHIN;froM Egg;Alcolec-S;granulestin;L-α-Lecithin;Lecithin, NF;LIPOID(R)E80;Lecithin Agent anti-oxydant, agent dispersant. Émulsifiant (pour éviter que les graisses et l'eau ne se séparent de l'aliment) dérivé de l'huile de soja et composée principalement de phospholipides, un assemblage d’acides gras, de phosphates et de glycérol. C'est une substance alimentaire controversée sur ses éventuels danger pour la santé. On peut pourtant la trouver dans l'usage alimentaire et pharmaceutique.La lécithine de soja est une substance riche en acides gras polyinsaturés essentiels (indispensables à l'organisme), les acides linoléique et linolénique

Levagard 4090 N is a halogen-free, reactive flame retardant.
Levagard 4090 N can support a closed-cell foam structure and can be combined with Disflamoll® products.
Levagard 4090 N is suitable for rigid PUR foams, PF, EP and UP resins.

CAS: 2781-11-5
MF: C9H22NO5P
MW: 255.25
EINECS: 220-482-8

Synonyms
DIETHYL BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINO METHYL PHOSPHONATE;O,O-Diethyl-n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethyl phosphonate;Phosphonic acid, [[bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino]methyl]-, diethyl ester;diethyl N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl phosphonate;2-(Diethoxyphosphorylmethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethanol;Diethyl (N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methanephosphonoate;O,O-Diethyl [[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]phosphonate;[[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]phosphonic acid diethyl ester;2781-11-5;Diethyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphonate;Fyrol 6;Phosphonic acid, [[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-, diethyl ester;Diethyl ((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methyl)phosphonate;2-[diethoxyphosphorylmethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;Diethyl (diethanolamino)methylphosphonate;Diethyl (N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methanephosphonate;DTXSID2029242;920Z48KJ0P;Diethyl N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphonate;NSC-82342;diethyl (N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methylphosphonate;O,O-Diethyl ((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methyl)phosphonate;O,O-Diethyl [[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]phosphonate;Phosphonic acid, ((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methyl)-, diethyl ester;Adeka FC 450;diethyl (bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methylphosphonate;diethyl [bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methylphosphonate;diethyl {[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}phosphonate;Diethyl [N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methylphosphonate;HSDB 5896;EINECS 220-482-8;FC 450;NSC 82342;BRN 1958844;DIETHYL ((DIETHANOLAMINO)METHYL)PHOSPHONATE;SCHEMBL530398;UNII-920Z48KJ0P;DTXCID309242;Diethyl ((N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methyl)phosphonate;O,O-Diethyl N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl phosphonate;NSC82342;Tox21_301894;AKOS016015100;NCGC00255311-01;Diethyl((diethanolamino)methyl)phosphonate;CAS-2781-11-5;CS-0450392;NS00021100;F20707;O,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl phosphonate;W-107095;diethyl N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphonate;Diethyl N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethy)]aminomethylphosphonate;Q27271443;diethyl n,n-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethylphosphonate;DIETHYL ((DIETHANOLAMINO)METHYL)PHOSPHONATE [HSDB];DIETHYL BIS-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONATE;Phosphonic acid, P-((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methyl)-, diethyl ester

Levagard 4090 N is used in polymers which can undergo reactions with hydroxyl groups.
Levagard 4090 N has a shelf life of 9 months.

Levagard 4090 N Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 150 °C(Press: 0.1 Torr)
Density: 1.180±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
pka: 14.31±0.10(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 1000g/L
LogP: -1.938
EPA Substance Registry System: Levagard 4090 N (2781-11-5)

Levagard DMPP is a halogen-free flame retardant.
Exhibits very high phosphorus content and low-viscosity.
Designed for roofing insulation, construction material, polymer auxiliaries and compounds.

CAS: 18755-43-6
MF: C5H13O3P
MW: 152.13
EINECS: 242-555-3

Synonyms
DiMethyl prpylphosphonate;Dimethyl-1-propylphosphonate;dimethyl propylphosphonate;Einecs 242-555-3;Phosphonic acid, p-propyl-, dimethyl ester;Phosphonic acid, propyl-, dimethyl ester
;Dimethyl propylphosphonate;18755-43-6;1-dimethoxyphosphorylpropane;Phosphonic acid, propyl-, dimethyl ester;Phosphonic acid, P-propyl-, dimethyl ester;DTXSID0066406;P-Popylphosphonic Acid Dimethyl Ester; Dimethyl Propanephosphonate; Lavagard DMPP;;EINECS 242-555-3;propanephosphonic acid dimethyl ester;dimethylpropanphosphonate;dimethyl n-propylphosphonate;Dimethyl-n-propylphosphonate;EC 242-555-3;62C4FYU7CE;SCHEMBL134383;Propylphosphonic acid, dimethyl ester;Phosphonic acid,p-propyl-,dimethyl ester;NS00008531;dimethyl propylphosphonate;phosphonic acid, propyl-, dimethyl ester;dimethyl propylphosphonate phosphonic acid, propyl-, dimethyl ester

Levagard DMPP is used for PIR or PUR rigid foams and thermosets.
Levagard DMPP has a shelf life of 9 months.
Levagard DMPP is a halogen free flame retardant with a very high phosphorus content and low viscosity.
The flame retardant effect is excellent.
Levagard DMPP, also known as dimethyl propylphosphonate , is a type of phosphonic acid ester.
Levagard DMPP has been used as a fireproofing agent for isocyanate-based plastics.
Other names for Levagard DMPP include Dimethoxyphosphine oxide, Dimethyl acid phosphite, Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite, Dimethyl phosphonate, Hydrogen dimethyl phosphite, Methyl phosphonate.

Levagard DMPP Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 85 °C(Press: 6 Torr)
Density: 1.028±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
Storage temp.: Hygroscopic, Refrigerator, under inert atmosphere
Solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Oil
Color: Colourless
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Levagard DMPP (18755-43-6)

Uses
Levagard DMPP as a fireproofing agent for isocyanate-based plastics.
Levagard DMPP is used as flame retardant for PIR / PUR rigid foams and thermosets.

Synthesis Analysis
Levagard DMPP and their esters can be synthesized from their simple dialkyl esters by silyldealkylation with bromotrimethylsilane (BTMS), followed by desilylation upon contact with water or methanol.
This method, known as the McKenna synthesis, has been accelerated using microwave irradiation. Other methods include the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction, catalytic cross-coupling reaction, and the Mannich-type condensation.

Chemical Reactions Analysis
Phosphonic acid esters, including Phosphonic acid, propyl-, dimethyl ester, can undergo various chemical reactions.
For example, they can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding phosphonic acids at 140°C.
They can also react with alkyl halides in the presence of triethylamine, under solvent-free microwave-assisted conditions.

Levagard TEP-Z is a trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of phosphoric acid.
Levagard TEP-Z derives from an ethanol.
Levagard TEP-Z is a colorless, corrosive liquid.

CAS: 78-40-0
MF: C6H15O4P
MW: 182.15
EINECS: 201-114-5

Synonyms
ETHYL PHOSPHATE;ETHYL ACID PHOSPHATE;AURORA KA-1638;TEP;PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIETHYL ESTER;Ethyl phosphate, TEP;Phosphoric acid ethyl;Phosphoric acid triethyl;TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE;78-40-0;Triethylphosphate;Phosphoric acid, triethyl ester;Tris(ethyl) phosphate;Triethoxyphosphine oxide;Triethylfosfat;TEP;Ethyl phosphate ((EtO)3PO);Phosphoric Acid Triethyl Ester;o-Phosphoric acid triethyl ester;NSC 2677;QIH4K96K7J;DTXSID8026228;CHEBI:45927;NSC-2677;DTXCID806228;Triethylfosfat [Czech];MFCD00009077;CAS-78-40-0;Triethyl phosphate,C6H15O4P,78-40-0;C6H15O4P;CCRIS 4882;HSDB 2561;EINECS 201-114-5;UNII-QIH4K96K7J;BRN 1705772;AI3-00653;Triethyl phosphate, 99%;EC 201-114-5;SCHEMBL21887;MLS002152947;WLN: 2OPO&O2&O2;(C2H5O)3PO;TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE [MI];CHEMBL1236251;NSC2677;TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE [HSDB];HMS3039O10;TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE [WHO-DD];Tox21_202463;Tox21_303106;AKOS000120082;DB03347;SB66379;Triethyl phosphate, analytical standard;NCGC00091606-01;NCGC00091606-02;NCGC00091606-03;NCGC00256988-01;NCGC00260012-01;1ST28207;BP-30153;BP-31112;SMR001224539;NS00009400;P0270;EN300-19166;Triethyl phosphate, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.8%;1ST28207-1000;A865040;Q410382;Triethyl phosphate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;J-525075;Triethyl phosphate Solution in Acetone, 1000mug/mL;F0001-2052;Z104473010;InChI=1/C6H15O4P/c1-4-8-11(7,9-5-2)10-6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H

Combustible.
Slowly dissolves in water and sinks in water.
Severely irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Levagard TEP-Z is manufactured from diethyl ether and phosphorus pentoxide via a metaphosphate intermediate.
Levagard TEP-Z has been used commercially as an additive for polyester laminates and in cellulosics.
In polyester resins Levagard TEP-Z functions as a viscosity depressant and as a flame retardant.
The viscosity-depressant effect of Levagard TEP-Z in polyester resin permits high loadings of alumina trihydrate,a fire-retardant smoke-suppressant filler.
Levagard TEP-Z has also been employed as a flame-resistant plasticizer in cellulose acetate.

Because of its water solubility the use of Levagard TEP-Z is limited to situations where weathering resistance is unimportant.
The halogenated alkyl phosphates are generally used for applications where lower volatility and greater resistance to leaching are required.
Levagard TEP-Z is a phosphorus-based flame retardant.
Provides low viscosity and is used as a processing agent in chemical synthesis.
Levagard TEP-Z is designed for PIR, PUR rigid foams and thermosets.
Levagard TEP-Z has a shelf life of 2 years.
Levagard TEP-Z is an organic chemical compound with the formula (C2H5)3PO4 or OP(OEt)3.
Levagard TEP-Z is a colorless liquid.
Levagard TEP-Z is the triester of ethanol and phosphoric acid and can be called "phosphoric acid, triethyl ester".

Levagard TEP-Z's primary uses are as an industrial catalyst (in acetic anhydride synthesis), a polymer resin modifier, and a plasticizer (e.g. for unsaturated polyesters).
In smaller scale Levagard TEP-Z is used as a solvent for e.g. cellulose acetate, flame retardant, an intermediate for pesticides and other chemicals, stabilizer for peroxides, a strength agent for rubber and plastic including vinyl polymers and unsaturated polyesters, etc.
Levagard TEP-Z is a fatty acid that has been shown to exhibit chronic toxic effects in a model system.
Levagard TEP-Z is known to be used as an additive in water-based paints and varnishes, which may lead to exposure through inhalation or skin contact.
The Langmuir adsorption isotherm has been used to assess the Levagard TEP-Z solubility in water at different temperatures.
In addition, the toxicity of Levagard TEP-Z has been studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
This technique was also used for the determination of Levagard TEP-Z content in different media, including sodium succinate, analytical method and sodium citrate.
The LC-MS/MS method was used for the identification of Levagard TEP-Z in water vapor samples.

Levagard TEP-Z Chemical Properties
Melting point: -56 °C
Boiling point: 215 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.072 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 6.28 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 40 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.403(lit.)
Fp: 240 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 500g/l (slow decomposition)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear
Specific Gravity: 1.072
Odor: mild cider
PH: 7 (H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 1.2-10%(V)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 7: reacts slowly with moisture/water
Merck: 14,9674
BRN: 1705772
Dielectric constant: 13.01
Dielectric constant: 7.2（20℃）
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, water.
InChIKey: DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.11 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 78-40-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Levagard TEP-Z (78-40-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: Levagard TEP-Z (78-40-0)

Levagard TEP-Z is a colorless, high-boiling liquid and containing 17 wt % phosphorus; mild odor.
Very stable at ordinary temperatures, compatible with many gums and resins, soluble in most organic solvents, miscible with water.
When mixed with water is quite stable at room temperature, but at elevated temperatures Levagard TEP-Z hydrolyzes slowly.

Triethyl phosphate
Levagard TEP-Z is useful as a solvent in many applications, as a plasticizer for tough, fire-resistant plastics, and as an agricultural chemical as an intermediate in preparing tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP).
Like other phosphate esters, Levagard TEP-Z damages nerves and is a cholinesterase inhibitor.
Levagard TEP-Z is regarded as moderately toxic.
Two other alkyl phosphates with toxicities probably similar to that of triethylphosphate are tributylphosphate, (n-C4H9O)3PO, and tris(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphate, (C8H17O)3PO.

Uses
Levagard TEP-Z is use as a flame retardant in the manufacture of polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane (PUR) foam insulation and thermoset plastic products.
Levagard TEP-Z is also used as a viscosity reducer in plastic resins, and as a catalyst, solvent or intermediate in the production of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, lacquers and other products.
As ethylating agent; formation of polyesters which are used as insecticides.

Production Methods
Levagard TEP-Z is manufactured from diethyl ether and phosphorus pentoxide via a metaphosphate intermediate.
Prepared by the reaction of Levagard TEP-Z with ethanol in the presence of aluminum ethoxide or by treating triethyl phosphate with diethyl hydrogen phosphate.

Reactivity Profile
Organophosphates, such as Levagard TEP-Z, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Levagard TP LXS 51078 is a phosphorus compound-based flame retardant.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 is halogen-free and is characterized by low emissions (fogging) and low scorch.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 offers compatibility with flexible polyurethane, cellulose derivatives, polyether- and polyester polyols.

CAS: 13674-87-8
MF: C9H15Cl6O4P
MW: 430.9
EINECS: 237-159-2

Synonyms
1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol phosphate, Phosphoric acid tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl ester);1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol phosphate, Phosphoric acid tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl ester), Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate;Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl)Phosphate(TDPP);Phosphoric acid tris(1,3-dichloropropan-2-yl;Phosphoric acid tris(1,3-dichloropropan-2-yl) ester;Tris(1,3-dichloropropane-2-yl) phosphate;1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol phosphate;tris(1,3-dichloropropan-2-yl) phosphate;13674-87-8;TDCPP;Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate;TRIS(1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE;Fyrol FR 2;tris(1,3-dichloropropan-2-yl) phosphate;Tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate;Emulsion 212;Phosphoric Acid Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Ester;TDCIPP;Fyrol FR-2;1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol phosphate (3:1);CRP (fireproofing agent);2-Propanol, 1,3-dichloro-, phosphate (3:1);PF 38;Tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl) phosphate;2-Propanol, 1,3-dichloro-, 2,2',2''-phosphate;Tris(1-chloromethyl-2-chloroethyl)phosphate;PF 38/3;DTXSID9026261;Tris[2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl] phosphate;B1PRV4G0T0;Fosforan troj-(1,3-dwuchloroizopropylowy);Tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate;DTXCID206261;CAS-13674-87-8;CCRIS6284;HSDB 4364;Tri(beta,beta'-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate;Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, 95%;Tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl)phosphate;EINECS 237-159-2;UNII-B1PRV4G0T0;BRN 1715458;Phosphoric acid tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)ester;Fosforan troj-(1,3-dwuchloroizopropylowy) [Polish];TDCPP [MI];EC 237-159-;TDCPP, analytical standard;3-01-00-01473 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);SCHEMBL333198;CHEMBL3182032;CHEBI:143729;Tox21_202166;Tox21_300194;MFCD00083121;AKOS015856734;Tris-(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate Standard 50 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;CS-8011;s12389;Tris(1.3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate;NCGC00247923-01;NCGC00247923-02;NCGC00254047-01;NCGC00259715-01;DA-68014;HY-108712;NS00010388;P0269;Tri(.beta.,.beta.'-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate;A807122;Tris[2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl] phosphate #;J-006902
;Q2454085;TRIS(1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPYL)PHOSPHATE [HSDB];phosphoric acid tris-(2-chloro-1-chloromethyl-ethyl) ester;Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate;Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate;InChI=1/C9H15Cl6O4P/c10-1-7(2-11)17-20(16,18-8(3-12)4-13)19-9(5-14)6-15/h7-9H,1-6H

Levagard TP LXS 51078 can be used in the automotive industry as it does not contain any raw materials or impurities listed in the GADSL list.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 finds application includes notebook displays, LCD screens and electronic housings.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 meets the strict VDA 278 standards for the characterization of non-metallic materials in vehicles with respect to volatile (VOC) and condensable (FOG) emissions.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 is a trialkyl phosphate.
Clear colorless viscous liquid.
Generally a super-cooled liquid at room temperature but may occasionally solidify when held at low temperatures for prolonged periods.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 is a chlorinated organophosphate.
Organophosphate chemicals have a wide variety of applications and are used as flame retardants, pesticides, plasticizers, and nerve gases.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 is structurally similar to several other organophosphate flame retardants, such as tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP).
Levagard TP LXS 51078 and these other chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants are all sometimes referred to as "chlorinated tris".
TDCPP is produced by the reaction of epichlorohydrin with phosphorus oxychloride.

Levagard TP LXS 51078 Chemical Properties
Melting point: -64°C
Boiling point: 315°C
Density: 1.512
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.503
Fp: 249°C
Storage temp.: Store at -20°C
Solubility: Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: solid
Specific Gravity: 1.518 (20/4℃)
Color: Colorless to Almost colorless
Water Solubility: Decomposition: 240-280 ºC
Merck: 14,9087
Stability: Stable. Reacts slowly with aqueous acids and alkalies. May soften plastics.
InChIKey: ASLWPAWFJZFCKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.69 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 13674-87-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Levagard TP LXS 51078 (13674-87-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Levagard TP LXS 51078 (13674-87-8)

Levagard TP LXS 51078 is a clear colorless viscous liquid with a relatively low molecular weight, low water solubility, and low lipophilicity (as indicated by log Kow).

Uses
Levagard TP LXS 51078 is a halogenated phosphorus flame retardant used in a variety of sectors, including manufacturing of paints/coatings, furniture and related products, building/construction materials, fabrics/textiles/leather products, and foam seating and bedding products.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 is used extensively as an additive to flexible polyurethane foams (PUFs).
Levagard TP LXS 51078's end uses include molded automotive seating foam (e.g., seat cushions and headrests), slabstock foam in furniture, automotive fabric lining, and car roofing (ECHA, 2013).
Levagard TP LXS 51078 is a high production volume chemical.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 is a flame retardant present in polyurethane foams.

Flame retardant
Until the late 1970s, Levagard TP LXS 51078 was used as a flame retardant in children’s pajamas in compliance with the U.S.
Flammable Fabrics Act of 1953.
This use was discontinued after children wearing fabrics treated with a very similar compound, Levagard TP LXS 51078, were found to have mutagenic byproducts in their urine.

Following the 2005 phase-out of PentaBDE in the United States, Levagard TP LXS 51078 became one of the primary flame retardants used in flexible polyurethane foam used in a wide variety of consumer products, including automobiles, upholstered furniture, and some baby products.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 can also be used in rigid polyurethane foam boards used for building insulation.
In 2011 it was reported that Levagard TP LXS 51078 was found in about a third of tested baby products.

Some fabrics used in camping equipment are also treated with Levagard TP LXS 51078 to meet CPAI-84, a standard established by the Industrial Fabrics Association International to evaluate the flame resistance of fabrics and other materials used in tents.

Current total production of Levagard TP LXS 51078 is not well known.
In 1998, 2002, and 2006, production in the United States was estimated to be between 4,500 and 22,700 metric tons, and thus Levagard TP LXS 51078 is classified as a high production volume chemical.

Reactivity Profile
Levagard TP LXS 51078 hydrolyzes slowly when refluxed with an aqueous acid.
Under alkaline conditions, Levagard TP LXS 51078 exhibits a slow cleavage.
Levagard TP LXS 51078 has plasticizing properties and, as such, may soften or deteriorate certain plastics and elastomers (particularly vinyl-based resin, neoprene and natural rubbers).

Levagard TP LXS 51114 play vital roles in the metabolism of both plants and animals.
Levagard TP LXS 51114 also are key components of DNA and RNA, which carry genetic information in all organisms.
Levagard TP LXS 51114 are used in industrial processes.
Levagard TP LXS 51114 exhibit covalent properties.

The most prevalent compounds of phosphorus are derivatives of phosphate (PO43−), a tetrahedral anion.
Levagard TP LXS 51114 is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid, which is produced on a massive scale for use in fertilisers.
Being triprotic, phosphoric acid converts stepwise to three conjugate bases:

H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + H2PO4− Ka1 = 7.25×10−3
H2PO4− + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + HPO42− Ka2 = 6.31×10−8
HPO42− + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + PO43− Ka3 = 3.98×10−13
Levagard TP LXS 51114 exhibits a tendency to form chains and rings containing P-O-P bonds.
Many polyphosphates are known, including ATP.
Levagard TP LXS 51114 arise by dehydration of hydrogen phosphates such as HPO42− and H2PO4−.
For example, the industrially important Levagard TP LXS 51114 (also known as sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP) is produced industrially by the megatonne by this condensation reaction:

2 Na2HPO4 + NaH2PO4 → Na5P3O10 + 2 H2O
Levagard TP LXS 51114 is the acid anhydride of phosphoric acid, but several intermediates between the two are known.
This waxy white solid reacts vigorously with water.

With metal cations, Levagard TP LXS 51114 forms a variety of salts.
These solids are polymeric, featuring P-O-M linkages.
When the metal cation has a charge of 2+ or 3+, the salts are generally insoluble, hence they exist as common minerals.
Levagard TP LXS 51114 salts are derived from hydrogen phosphate (HPO42−).

Levagard TP LXS 51114 are common compounds.
Levagard TP LXS 51114 is a colourless gas and the molecules have trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
Levagard TP LXS 51114 is a colourless solid which has an ionic formulation of PCl4+ PCl6−, but adopts the trigonal bipyramidal geometry when molten or in the vapour phase.
Levagard TP LXS 51114 is an unstable solid formulated as PBr4+Br−and PI5 is not known.
The pentachloride and pentafluoride are Lewis acids.
With fluoride, PF5 forms PF6−, an anion that is isoelectronic with SF6.
The most important oxyhalide is Levagard TP LXS 51114, (POCl3), which is approximately tetrahedral.

Before extensive computer calculations were feasible, Levagard TP LXS 51114 was thought that bonding in phosphorus(V) compounds involved d orbitals.
Computer modeling of molecular orbital theory indicates that this bonding involves only s- and p-orbitals.

Phosphorus(III)
All four symmetrical trihalides are well known: gaseous PF3, the yellowish liquids PCl3 and PBr3, and the solid PI3.
These materials are moisture sensitive, hydrolysing to give phosphorous acid.
The trichloride, a common reagent, is produced by chlorination of white phosphorus:

P4 + 6 Cl2 → 4 PCl3
The trifluoride is produced from the trichloride by halide exchange.
PF3 is toxic because it binds to haemoglobin.

Phosphorus(III) oxide, P4O6 (also called tetraphosphorus hexoxide) is the anhydride of P(OH)3, the minor tautomer of phosphorous acid.
The structure of P4O6 is like that of P4O10 without the terminal oxide groups.

Levagard TP LXS 51135 is primarily studied for its flame retardant properties.
Levagard TP LXS 51135 is an organophosphate flame retardant increasingly used as an alternative to banned compounds like decabromodiphenyl ether.
Researchers are investigating Levagard TP LXS 51135's effectiveness in various materials, including electronics, furniture, and textiles.

CAS: 57583-54-7
MF: C30H24O8P2
MW: 574.45
EINECS: 260-830-6

Synonyms
1,3-Phenylene Bis(diphenyl phosphate);ADK Stab PFR;CR 733S;LDP 301;PFR;Reofos RDP;Resorcinol Tetraphenyl Diphosphate;Tetraphenyl M-Phenylene Diphosphate;57583-54-7;Resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate);Fyrolflex RDP;(3-diphenoxyphosphoryloxyphenyl) diphenyl phosphate;Tetraphenyl resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate);Phosphoric acid, 1,3-phenylene tetraphenyl ester;Tetraphenyl m-phenylene bis(phosphate);Mark PFK;1,3-Phenylene tetraphenyl phosphate;Tetraphenylresorcinol diphosphate;CRR-733S;m-Phenylenebis(diphenyl phosphate);EINECS 260-830-6;PMN 89-234;EC 260-830-6;SCHEMBL78015;DTXSID8069197;OWICEWMBIBPFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N;MFCD01755688
;Phosphoric acid, P,P'-1,3-phenylene P,P,P',P'-tetraphenyl ester;AKOS015895789;AC-24001;RESORCINOL-BIS(DIPHENYL) PHOSPHATE;Tetraphenyl 1,3-phenylene bis(phosphate);Phosphoricacid1,3-phenylenetetraphenylester;NS00008442;A854368;W-105456;Q61718302

Studies have shown that RDP can improve the flame resistance of these materials.
Levagard TP LXS 51135 is a chemical compound that has been used as a retardant in building materials.
Levagard TP LXS 51135 reacts with calcium stearate, metal hydroxides and other compounds to form an insoluble precipitate.
Levagard TP LXS 51135 forms oligomers when exposed to air and may be used as a component of microcapsules for controlled release of pharmaceuticals.

Levagard TP LXS 51135 Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 587.1±33.0 °C(Predicted)
density: 1.347
storage temp.: Refrigerator, Under Inert Atmosphere
solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: Oil
color: Colourless to Pale Yellow
Stability: Moisture Sensitive
EPA Substance Registry System: Levagard TP LXS 51135 (57583-54-7)

Uses
Levagard TP LXS 51135 is an aryl phosphate as synergistic agent.
Used as flame retardant for PPE, ABS and PET resins.
Levagard TP LXS 51135 is very suitable for used in engineering plastic because of the low volatile and high heat resistance.
Low toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.

Levagard PP, mixture of isomers is suitable for use in environmental and food residue analysis.
Levagard PP is a mixture of isomers, composition may vary, typical composition: main isomer tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate 66%, minor components: bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) (2-chloropropyl) phosphate and (1-chloro-2-propyl) bis(2-chloropropyl) phosphate.
Levagard PPis a trialkyl phosphate.

CAS: 13674-84-5
MF: C9H18Cl3O4P
MW: 327.57
EINECS: 237-158-7

Synonyms
Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;TRIS(1-CHLORO-2-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE;TRIS(1-CHLOROPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;TRIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) PHOSPHATE;TRIS(CHLOROISOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;TRIS(MONOCHLOROPROPYL) PHOSPHATE;tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate;TcppTris(1-Chloro-2-Propyl)Phosphate];13674-84-5;Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate;tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate;Amgard TMCP;TRIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;Tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate;Hostaflam OP 820;Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate;2-Propanol, 1-chloro-, phosphate (3:1);TRIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;2-Propanol, 1-chloro-, 2,2',2''-phosphate;Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, tech grade;CRT22GFY70;Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;DTXSID5026259;Tris(1-chloro-2-propanyl) phosphate;DTXCID106259;Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;CCRIS 6111;Tri-(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate;EINECS 237-158-7;C9H18Cl3O4P;TCPP phosphate cpd;CAS-13674-84-5;BRN 1842347;TCIPP;UNII-CRT22GFY70;TCPP, Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate;HSDB 8112;tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)phosphate;LEVAGARD PP;TOLGARD TMCP;EC 237-158-7;SCHEMBL35713;tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate;CHEMBL3188873;CHEBI:143728;Tox21_202982;Tox21_303533;MFCD00040408;AKOS015899872;NCGC00257407-01;NCGC00260528-01;J50.405J;CS-0059312;NS00009572;TRIS(.BETA.-CHLOROISOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE;TRIS(1-METHYL-2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE;A886642;Q-201899;Q2454095;PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIS(1-CHLOROPROPANE-2-YL) ESTER;98112-32-4

Levagard PP is a chlorinated organophosphate flame retardant commonly added to polyurethane foams.
Comparatively minor amounts are used in PVC and EVA.
Levagard PP is a colorless liquid flame retardant.
Levagard PP belongs to the group of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants.
Levagard PP is a clear colorless viscous liquid.
Levagard PP is human-made chemicals added to consumer and industrial products for the purpose of reducing flammability.
Levagard PP is composed of a group of chemicals with similar properties but slightly different structures.
Phosphate esters are typically liquids at room temperature; however, some are solids.
Levagard PP is a trialkyl phosphate.

Synthesis
Levagard PP is prepared industrially by the reaction of propylene oxide with phosphoryl chloride.
In practise this produces a range of products, of which the Levagard PP isomer tends to dominate (50-85% w/w).

Levagard PP Chemical Properties
Melting point: -39.9°C
Boiling point:270°C
Density: 1.28
Refractive index: 1.460～1.466 (20℃/D)
Fp: -218 °C
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: liquid
Color: Clear Colourless
Odor: mild odor
Water Solubility: BRN: 1842347
Stability: Moisture Sensitive
InChIKey: KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 13674-84-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Levagard PP (3:1)(13674-84-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Levagard PP (13674-84-5)

Levagard PP is clear colorless oily liquid with high water solubility and low lipophilicity (as indicated by logKOW).
Levagard PP ismanufactured as a reactionmixture, which contains four isomers.
Levagard PP is the primary isomer in the mixture at 50–85% weight/weight (w/w), followed by bis(1- chloro-2-propyl)-2-chloropropyl phosphate [15–40% (w/w); CASRN: 76025-08-6], bis(2-chloropropyl)-1-chloro-2-propyl phosphate [<15% (w/w); CASRN: 76649-15-5], and tris(2- chloropropyl) phosphate [<1% (w/w); CASRN: 6145-73-9] (EURAR, 2008).

Uses
Levagard PP is a flame retardant of low hydrolytic stability, used in polyurethane (PU) rigid and flexible foam, PVC, EVA, phenolics and epoxy resin.

Toxicology
Levagard PP is considered a suspected carcinogenic, suspected reprotoxic, and suspected PBT (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic) and is a potential endocrine disruptor.
Thus, the presence of Levagard PP in the receiving water can affect aquatic organisms and potentially affect human health.
Levagard PP ester may hydrolyze under acidic or alkaline conditions.

CAS: 138-86-3
EC Number: 205-341-0
Chemical formula: C 10 H 16
Molecular mass: 136.23gmol- 1

Limonene is a chemical found in the peels of citrus fruits and in other plants.
Limonene is used to make medicine.
Limonene is used to promote weight loss, prevent cancer, treat cancer, and treat bronchitis.

In foods, beverages, and chewing gum, limonene is used as a flavoring.
In pharmaceuticals, limonene is added to help medicinal ointments and creams penetrate the skin.
In manufacturing, limonene is used as a fragrance, cleaner (solvent), and as an ingredient in water-free hand cleansers.

Chemical constituent of many natural fragrant ingredients, notably citrus oils such as lemon (d-limonene) and pine trees or species of the mint family (l-limonene).
Topically, limonene can cause sensitivity and is best avoided.
Also, because of its penetration-enhancing effects on skin, it’s particularly important to avoid products that contain limonene plus other skin sensitizers like denatured alcohol.
Like most volatile fragrance components, limonene also has strong antioxidant benefits and has also been shown to calm skin; however, when exposed to air these highly volatile antioxidant compounds oxidize and become capable of sensitizing skin.

Limonene comes from citrus fruits and is used in many cleaning products:
So you’ve heard about limonene being used in cleaning products, and you want to know what this stuff is and whether it’s safe.
Well, here’s our lemon-scented guide to this often maligned chemical.
You know that delicious, fresh smell you get when you slice open an orange, lemon or lime? Well, it’s mostly limonene, and it doesn’t just smell nice; it’s also useful and safe.
That’s why it is used in products designed to clean your home.

Limonene is a naturally occurring compound found mainly in the skin of certain plants and fruits, including lemons and oranges.
Limonene is used in cleaning products for two reasons: it has a pleasant, lemon-orange smell, and it acts as a solvent to help clean.
Limonene is from a large family of natural substances called terpenes, and it has no colour and its toxicity is low.

However, you might have heard about it recently because, when it reacts with ozone in the air, it undergoes change which releases tiny amounts of other compounds, including formaldehyde.
Peeling an orange releases orange oil into the air.
As orange oil is 90% limonene you can get more exposure by peeling an orange than from using cleaning products.

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids.
These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone.
P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively.
The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes.

Limonene is a hydrocarbon, classed as a terpene.
Limonene is a colourless liquid at room temperatures with an extremely strong smell of oranges.
Limonene takes its name from the lemon, as the rind of the lemon, like other citrus fruits, contains considerable amounts of this chemical compound, which is responsible for much of their smell.
Limonene is a chiral molecule, and as is common with such forms, biological sources produce one specific enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains D-limonene ((+)-limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer (CAS number 5989-27-5, EINECS number 227-813-5).
Racemic limonene is known as dipentene

Limonene is a scent ingredient and solvent naturally ocurring in the rind of citrus fruit.
Upon storage and exposure to sunlight and air, limonene degrades to various oxidation products which act as skin and respiratory irritants and sensitizers.

Limonene is one of the most common compounds found in the essential oils of aromatic plants.
The occurrence of this monoterpene hydrocarbon in various plant genera could be attributed to its precursory role in the biosynthesis of other monoterpenes and its defensive role against herbivores.
Due to the medicinal potential and application in the flavor and fragrance industries, limonene has been extensively investigated.
In this paper the biosynthetic, ecological and pharmacological importance of limonene is presented in an attempt to coherently summarize some of the most salient aspects from various studies in a form of a concise review.

Biotechnological production of limonene in microorganisms
This mini review describes novel, biotechnology-based, ways of producing the monoterpene limonene.
Limonene is applied in relatively highly priced products, such as fragrances, and also has applications with lower value but large production volume, such as biomaterials.
Limonene is currently produced as a side product from the citrus juice industry, but the availability and quality are fluctuating and may be insufficient for novel bulk applications.

Therefore, complementary microbial production of limonene would be interesting.
Since limonene can be derivatized to high-value compounds, microbial platforms also have a great potential beyond just producing limonene.
In this review, we discuss the ins and outs of microbial limonene production in comparison with plant-based and chemical production.
Achievements and specific challenges for microbial production of limonene are discussed, especially in the light of bulk applications such as biomaterials.

Limonene is a well-known cyclic monoterpene.
Limonene is an olefin hydrocarbon (C10H16), which can occur in two optical forms.
Limonene is one of the most important and widespread terpenes in the flavor and fragrance industry.
Limonene (in both optical forms) has been found in more than 300 plant essential oils (DNP 2015) from very diverse species including orange, lemon, mint, and fir.

Limonenes biosynthesis has been well described in the plant kingdom.
Limonene has been detected naturally in trace amounts in the headspace of microbes (Effmert et al. 2012; Heddergott et al. 2014; Hung et al. 2013); however, to our knowledge, no corresponding biosynthetic mechanism has been identified.
By transformation with plant limonene synthases, microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria have been engineered to produce limonene.

In this work, biotechnological production of limonene for application as commodity chemical is reviewed.
Others have reviewed general aspects of production of terpenes in microbes and plants (Aharoni et al. 2006; Duetz et al. 2003; Kirby and Keasling 2009; Vickers et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2015).
Recently, Lange (2015) reviewed the biosynthesis and biotechnology of limonene for flavor and fragrance applications.
New applications of limonene for fuel and biomaterials ask for large and stable production volumes.

Metabolic engineering strategies, like overexpressing precursor pathway enzymes, have been applied for the purpose of increasing limonene titers, which are at the moment still far from the maximal theoretical yield.
Crucial in such strategies is the overproduction of geranyl diphosphate (GPP), the direct precursor of limonene.
New opportunities to increase yield will be discussed, including novel strategies for capturing the product from the microbial cultures and possibilities for relieving limonene toxicity.
When successful, these optimization strategies could result in a role for limonene-based products in the bio-based economy

Limonene, a naturally occurring hydrocarbon, is a cyclic monoterpene with the molecular formula C10H16.
Limonene is commonly found in the rinds of citrus fruits such as grapefruit, lemon, lime and, in particular, oranges.
Indeed, limonene constitutes 98% (by weight) of the essential oil obtained from orange peel.
Limonene is also present in the seeds of caraway and dill.
The IUPAC name for limonene is 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene.

Limonene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene and is the main component of the oil in the fruit peels of citrus fruits.
D - isomer is a sweetener used in food production, which occurs in nature mostly as an orange scent.
Limonene is also used as a precursor to carvone in chemical synthesis and as a renewable-based solvent in cleaning products.

Limonene is a chemical found in the peels of citrus fruits and in other plants.
Limonene is used to make medicine.
Limonene is used for obesity, cancer, and bronchitis, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

In foods, beverages, and chewing gum, limonene is used as a flavoring.
In pharmaceuticals, limonene is added to help medicinal ointments and creams penetrate the skin.
In manufacturing, limonene is used as a fragrance, cleaner (solvent), and as an ingredient in household cleaning products, cosmetics, and personal hygiene products.

Less common L - The isomer is found in peppermint oils and has a pine , turpentine -like odor.
The compound is one of the main volatile monoterpenes found in the resin of conifers , especially Pinaceae , and orange oil . Limonene gets its name from the French lemon (" lime ").
Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce an enantiomer: main industrial source is citrus ( R ) - enantiomer DContains -limonene((+)- limonene).
D -Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits by two main methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation.

Limonene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels.
The d-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing.
Limonene is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products.
The less common l-isomer has a piny, turpentine-like odor, and is found in the edible parts of such plants as caraway, dill, and bergamot orange plants.

Limonene takes its name from Italian limone ("lemon").
Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains d-limonene ((+)-limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer.
Racemic limonene is known as dipentene.
d-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation.

Limonene is a mild skin and eye irritant.
Ingestion of 20 g of d-limonene caused diarrhea and a temporary increase in protein in the urine (proteinurea) in five male volunteers.
These data, in addition to the low acute toxicity in animal tests, suggest that d-limonene is not very toxic by ingestion.
Air levels of d-limonene may irritate the eyes and airways of some people, especially when the levels build up indoors (see above for discussion about gas phase reactions between ozone and terpenes which can be a significant source of secondary organic aerosols).
d-Limonene has been used successfully for the postoperative dissolution of retained cholesterol gallstones.

limonene, a colourless liquid abundant in the essential oils of pine and citrus trees and used as a lemonlike odorant in industrial and household products and as a chemical intermediate.

Limonene exists in two isomeric forms (compounds with the same molecular formula—in this case, C10H16—but with different structures), namely l-limonene, the isomer that rotates the plane of polarized light counterclockwise, and d-limonene, the isomer that causes rotation in the opposite direction.
In the extraction of citrus juices d-limonene is obtained as a by-product, and it also occurs in caraway oil; l-limonene is present in pine needles and cones; dl-limonene, or dipentene, the mixture of equal amounts of the l- and d-isomers, is a component of turpentine.
Dipentene may be sulfurized to produce additives that improve the performance of lubricating oils under heavy loads; d-limonene is commercially converted to l-carvone, which has a caraway-seed flavour.

Limonene: a versatile chemical of the bioeconomy
Limonene is a renewable chemical with numerous and growing applications. Its traditional uses such as flavor, fragrance and green solvent are rapidly expanding to include its utilization as a platform chemical, extraction solvent for natural products and an active agent for functionalized products.
We anticipate that the expansion in uses for limonene will translate into increasing production and use of this relevant natural product, especially for advanced applications.

Summary of Limonene:
Limonene is a useful compound and pleasant to smell.
Limonene is a renewable resource and is considered to have very low toxicity, and is even being studied as a possible dietary supplement to prevent cancer.
Although it can react with ozone in the air to produce tiny amounts of formaldehyde for a short period of time, those amounts are considered by the WHO to present negligible risk.

Isomerism of Limonene:
Carbon number four (labelled with an asterisk) of the cyclohexene ring is chiral.
Limonene therefore has two optical isomers.
The optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other and their three-dimensional structures can be compared here.
Chiral centres are labelled as R or S using IUPAC nomenclature. Thus the two isomers of limonene can be named 4(R)-limonene and 4(S)-limonene.
Alternative prefixes to label optical isomers include d and l and more commonly the symbols + and - are used.

The two enantiomers have identical chemical properties but different odours.
Limonene is the isomer that is found in oranges.
And unsurprisingly it smells of oranges!
The smell of (-)-limonene is similar to turpentine, although some people suggest it has a lemon like aroma.

An usual compound of Limonene:
Most naturally occurring chiral compounds are found as a single optical isomer only.
However, limonene is an exception and both enantiomers are produced in nature.
Limonene is an important precursor in the biosynthesis of (-)-menthol the major component of mint and the molecule responsible for the herb's refreshing taste.

Details of the reaction pathway can be found in Simon Cotton’s menthol page.
As mentioned previously (+)-limonene is the isomer found in orange peel.
Limonene is thought that its high abundance in this part of the fruit is connected with the fact that it is an insecticide.
As well as its smell limonene also contributes to the flavour of the fruit and as such has been used as a food additive for many years.

Aside from the food industry limonene has a variety of uses.
Limonene is an ingredient of Orange Guard, a home friendly pest control product that exploits the insecticide properties of limonene.
At room temperature limonene is a liquid and has proven to be a good solvent.
The non-polar nature of limonene means that it has an affinity for petroleum based greases and it has been used as an industrial cleaner for more than thirty years.

One advantage is that limonene is not toxic and is replacing the use of solvents like methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene (dimethylbenzene) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the use of which has been banned.
Limonene also has the advantage of being biodegradable and can rapidly break down into carbon dioxide and water. Another benefit of limonene is that it is obtained from a renewable resource.
A by-product of the citrus juicing process is the oil found in the peel of the fruit.
Limonene can be distilled from this oil for both technical and food based uses.

The popularity of limonene based cleaners is growing and it can now be found in many domestic products such as the Mr Muscle Orange Action range of cleaners.
An Australian company, Orange Power, seek to make all of their products from natural, and locally produced, sources.
Their aim is to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and dangerous chemicals which have a cumulative harmful effect on both the population and the environment.

Alternative Parents of Limonene:
Monocyclic monoterpenoids
Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
Cycloalkenes
Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Substituents of Limonene:
P-menthane monoterpenoid
Monocyclic monoterpenoid
Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
Cycloalkene
Cyclic olefin
Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Olefin
Hydrocarbon
Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound

Biochem/physiol Actions of Limonene:
Limonene is a cyclie terpene from Chinese medicinal herb essential oils used in the synthesis of carvone.
Limonene may be used as a shrinking agent to dissolve polystyrene.
Limonene may be used in various insecticidal and insect repellant applications.

Limonene may block cancer-forming chemicals and kill cancer cells in the laboratory.
But more research is needed to know if this occurs in humans.

Organs and systems of Limonene:

Respiratory
Limonene, and possibly linoleic and oleic acids, can have irritative and bronchconstrictive airway effects and can cause reduced vital capacity.
Patients with significant inhalational exposure should be removed from the environment and undergo appropriate decontamination.
Inhaled β2-adrenoceptor agonists can be used for bronchoconstriction.

Urinary tract
Limonene ingested in sufficient quantity can cause proteinuria.
However, nephropathy and renal tumors are not expected in humans.

Skin
Contact dermatitis has been attributed to limonene, and a purpuric rash has been attributed to topical exposure to d-limonene.
Autoxidation of d-limonene readily occurs, yielding a variety of oxygenated monocyclic terpenes that are strong contact allergens.
The prevalence of contact allergy after exposure to d-limonene among patients with dermatitis has been studied.
The proportion of positive patch tests to oxidized d-limonene was comparable to that seen with several allergens in the standard series, and patients who reacted to d-limonene often reacted to fragrance mix, balsam of Peru, and colophony.
In a study of patch tests with 3% oxidized R-(+)-limonene in 2273 patients at four dermatology clinics in Europe, there were positive reactions 0.3%, 3.8%, 3.9%, and 6.5%, a total of 63 patients, of whom 57% did not react to fragrance mix or balsam of Peru.

Metabolism/Metabolites of Limonene:
After oral administration, major metabolite in urine was perillic acid 8,9-diol in rats and rabbits, perillyl-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid in hamsters, p-menth-1-ene-8,9-diol in dogs, and 8-hydroxy-p-menth-1-en-9-yl-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid in guinea pigs and man.

Limonene given orally to humans yields the following major plasma metabolites: perillic acid, limonene-1,2-diol, limonene-8,9-diol, and dihydroperillic acid, probably derived from perillic acid.
Limonene (unchanged) and perillic acid artifacts (methyl ester) were also detected as minor plasma metabolites.
Peak plasma levels for all metabolites were achieved 4-6 hours after administration, with the exception of limonene-8,9-diol which reached its peak level one hour after administration.
Phase II glucuronic acid conjugates have been identified in the urine of human volunteers for all major and minor metabolites.
They include the glucuronic acid conjugates of perillic acid, dihydroperillic acid, limonene-8,9-diol, limonene-10- ol, limonene-6-ol, and limonene-7-ol (perillyl alcohol).

Mechanism of Action of Limonene:
The anticarcinogenic effects of monocyclic monoterpenes such as limonene were demonstrated when given during the initiation phase of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mammary cancer in Wistar-Furth rats.
The possible mechanisms for this chemoprevention activity including limonene's effects on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-DNA adduct formation and hepatic metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene were investigated.

Twenty four hours after carcinogen administration, there were approx 50% decreases in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-DNA adducts found in control animals formed in the liver, spleen, kidney and lung of limonene fed animals.
While circulating levels of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and/or its metabolites were not different in control and limonene fed rats, there was a 2.3 fold increase in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and/or 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene derived metabolites in the urine of the limonene fed animals.
Limonene and sobrerol, a hydroxylated monocyclic monoterpenoid with increased chemoprevention activity, modulated cytochrome p450 and epoxide hydrolyase activity.
The 5% limonene diet increased total cytochrome p450 to the same extent as phenobarbital treatment, while 1% sobrerol (isoeffective in chemoprevention to 5% limonene) did not.
However, both 5% limonene and 1% sobrerol diets greatly increased the levels of microsomal epoxide hydrolyase protein and associated hydrating activities towards benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide when compared to control and phenobarbital treatment.

These changes also modified the rate and regioselectivity of in vitro microsomal 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene metabolism when compared to phenobarbital treatment or control.
Identification of the specific isoforms of cytochrome p450 induced by these terpenoids was performed with antibodies to cytochrome p450 isozymes in Western blot analysis and inhibition studies of microsomal 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene metabolism.
Five percent limonene was more effective than 1% sobrerol at increasing the levels of members of the cytochrome p450 2B and 2C families but was equally effective at increasing epoxide hydrolyase.
Furthermore, both terpenoid diets caused increased formation of the proximate carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene 3,4-dihydrodiol.

Limonene is the oil extracted from the peels of oranges and other citrus fruits.
People have been extracting essential oils like limonene from citrus fruits for centuries.
Today, limonene is often used as a natural treatment for a variety of health issues and is a popular ingredient in household items.
However, not all of limonene’s benefits and uses are supported by science.
This article examines limonene’s uses, potential benefits, side effects, and dosage.

Limonene is a chemical found in the rind of citrus fruits, such as lemons, limes, and oranges.
Limonene is especially concentrated in orange peels, comprising around 97% of this rind’s essential oils.
Limonene’s often referred to as d-limonene, which is its main chemical form.

Limonene belongs to a group of compounds known as terpenes, whose strong aromas protect plants by deterring predators.
Limonene is one of the most common terpenes found in nature and may offer several health benefits.
Limonene has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, and possibly disease-preventing properties.

Linked to several health benefits of Limonene:
Limonene has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and heart-disease-fighting properties.
However, most research has been conducted in test tubes or on animals, making it difficult to fully understand the role of limonene in human health and disease prevention.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits
Limonene has been shown to reduce inflammation in some studies.
While short-term inflammation is your body’s natural response to stress and is beneficial, chronic inflammation can harm your body and is a major cause of illness.

Limonene’s important to prevent or reduce this type of inflammation as much as possible.
Limonene has been shown to reduce inflammatory markers that relate to osteoarthritis, a condition characterized by chronic inflammation.
A test-tube study in human cartilage cells noted that limonene reduced nitric oxide production.
Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that plays a key role in inflammatory pathways.

In a study in rats with ulcerative colitis — another disease characterized by inflammation — treatment with limonene significantly decreased inflammation and colon damage, as well as common inflammatory markers.
Limonene has demonstrated antioxidant effects as well.
Antioxidants help reduce cell damage caused by unstable molecules called free radicals.

Free radical accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, which may trigger inflammation and disease.
One test-tube study revealed that limonene may inhibit free radicals in leukemia cells, suggesting a decrease in inflammation and cellular damage that would normally contribute to disease.
Although promising, these effects need to be confirmed by human studies.

May boost heart health of Limonene:
Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for nearly one in four deaths.
Limonene may lower your risk of heart disease by reducing certain risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol, blood sugar, and triglyceride levels.

In one study, mice given 0.27 grams of limonene per pound of body weight (0.6 grams/kg) showed reduced triglycerides, LDL (bad) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and fat accumulation in the liver, compared to a control group.
In another study, stroke-prone rats given 0.04 grams of limonene per pound of body weight (20 mg/kg) exhibited significant reductions in blood pressure compared to rats of similar health status that did not receive the supplement.
Keep in mind that human studies are needed before strong conclusions can be drawn.

Safety and research of Limonene:
Limonene and its oxidation products are skin irritants, and limonene-1,2-oxide (formed by aerial oxidation) is a known skin sensitizer.
Most reported cases of irritation have involved long-term industrial exposure to the pure compound, e.g. during degreasing or the preparation of paints.

However a study of patients presenting dermatitis showed that 3% were sensitized to limonene.
Limonene causes renal cancer in male rats, but not in female rats or in mice of either sex, due to binding of the metabolite limonene-1,2-oxide to α2u-globulin, a protein produced only by male rats.
There is no evidence for carcinogenicity or genotoxicity in humans. The IARC classifies d-limonene under Class 3: not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

Limonene applied to skin may cause irritation from contact dermatitis, but otherwise appears to be safe for human uses.
Limonene is flammable as a liquid or vapor and it is toxic to aquatic life.

Other benefits of Limonene:
Aside from the benefits listed above, limonene may:
Reduce appetite.
The scent of limonene has been shown to significantly reduce appetite in blowflies.
However, this effect has not been studied in humans.

Decrease stress and anxiety.
Rodent studies suggest that limonene could be used in aromatherapy as an anti-stress and anti-anxiety agent.
Support healthy digestion.
Limonene may protect against stomach ulcers.
In a study in rats, citrus aurantium oil, which is 97% limonene, protected nearly all of the rodents against ulcers caused by medication use.

Potentially effective dosages
Because few limonene studies exist in humans, it’s difficult to provide a dosage recommendation.
Nonetheless, dosages of up to 2 grams daily have been safely used in studies.
Capsule supplements that can be purchased online contain dosages of 250–1,000 mg.
Limonene is also available in liquid form with typical dosages of 0.05 ml per serving.

However, supplements aren’t always necessary.
You can easily obtain this compound by eating citrus fruits and peels.
For example, fresh orange, lime, or lemon zest can be used to add limonene to baked goods, drinks, and other items.
What’s more, pulpy citrus juices, such as lemon or orange juice, boast limonene, too.

Common uses of limonene:
Limonene is a popular additive in foods, cosmetics, cleaning products, and natural insect repellants.
For example, it’s used in foods like sodas, desserts, and candies to provide a lemony flavor.
Limonene is extracted through hydrodistillation, a process in which fruit peels are soaked in water and heated until the volatile molecules are released via steam, condensed, and separated.

Due to its strong aroma, limonene is utilized as a botanical insecticide. It’s an active ingredient in multiple pesticide products, such as eco-friendly insect repellents.
Other household products containing this compound include soaps, shampoos, lotions, perfumes, laundry detergents, and air fresheners.
Additionally, limonene is available in concentrated supplements in capsule and liquid form.
These are often marketed for their supposed health benefits.
This citrus compound is also used as an aromatic oil for its calming and therapeutic properties.

Industrial of Limonene:
There have been some reported cases of skin sensitisation, but these have usually developed in those involved regularly with pure limonene in an industrial setting for paint preparation or degreasing machinery.

Use and Manufacturing of Limonene:
Limonene is a naturally occurring chemical which is used in many food products, soaps and perfumes for its lemon-like flavor and odor.
Limonene also is a registered active ingredient in 15 pesticide products used as insecticides, insect repellents, and dog and cat repellents.
Pesticide products containing limonene are used for flea and tick control on pets, as an insecticide spray, an outdoor dog and cat repellent, a fly repellent tablecloth, a mosquito larvicide, and an insect repellent for use on humans.
Formulations include ready-to-use solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, granulars and impregnated material.
Limonene is applied by hand as needed, both indoors and outdoors. Use practice limitations include a label prohibition against use on weanling kittens and a caution against use of undiluted product.

As the main odour constituent of citrus (plant family Rutaceae), d-limonene is used in food manufacturing and some medicines, e.g., bitter alkaloids, as a flavoring, and added to cleaning products such as hand cleansers to give a lemon-orange fragrance.
See: orange oil.
Limonene is increasingly being used as a solvent for cleaning purposes, such as the removal of oil from machine parts, as it is produced from a renewable source (citrus oil, as a byproduct of orange juice manufacture.)
Limonene works as paint stripper when applied to painted wood. The (R)-enantiomer is also used as botanical insecticide.

The (S)-enantiomer, also known as l-limonene (CAS number 5989-54-8, EINECS number 227-815-6), is used as a fragrance in some cleaning products.
In contrast to the citrus (orange-lemon) scent (see above) of d-limonene, the enantiomer l-limonene has a piney, turpentine-like odor.
Limonene is very common in cosmetic products.
Due to its combustible nature, d-limonene has also seen limited use as an experimental biofuel.

Found in a vast array of cleaning products, cosmetics, food flavourings and even aromatherapy, it comes in two forms: d-limonene and l-limonene.
These are like “different handed” versions of the same molecule, with only subtle differences.
The d-limonene form is used in food-grade products, as well as cleaning and beauty products, and is prized mainly for its smell.

Limonene is also used in hospital laboratories when cleaning tissue samples for analysis.
The l-limonene version has a more pine-like scent but is used mainly as a solvent in industrial cleaning products.
Apart from these well-known uses, researchers now also believe limonene could be used as a dietary supplement to prevent cancer.
Limonene even turns up in some 3D printing processes.

Limonene has been produced since 1995 and has been used as a flavor and fragrance additive in cleaning and cosmetic products, food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. It is also increasingly used as a solvent.
Limonene is used in the manufacturing of resins, as a wetting and dispersing agent, and in insect control.
Limonene is present in most of the essential oils commonly used in Australia, particularly citrus oils.
In the workplace, products such as hand cleaners, industrial cleaners, degreasers, and strippers may also contain limonene as a solvent.

Industrial limonene is produced by alkaline extraction of citrus residues and steam distillation.
This distillate contains more than 90% d-limonene.
Limonene is used as a substitute for chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, and other solvents.
Limonene is used in degreasing metals (30% limonene) prior to industrial painting, for cleaning in the electronics industry (50–100% limonene), for cleaning in the printing industry (30–100% limonene), and in paint as a solvent.

Limonene is also used as a solvent in histology laboratories and as a flavor and fragrance additive in food, household cleaning products, and perfumes.
Limonene has been used as a gallstone solubilizer in humans.
Limonene has also been used as a sorption promoter or accelerant for improving transdermal drug delivery and works by penetrating the skin to reversibly decrease barrier resistance.
Commercial mixtures of d-limonene molecules may contain other forms of limonene (l-limonene and d,l-limonene), which are called terpenes, and related compounds such as p-cumene.

Some studies have indicated that limonene has anticancer effects.
Limonene increase the levels of liver enzymes involved in detoxifying carcinogens.
The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) system eliminates carcinogens.
The GST system can be promoted by limonene in the liver and small bowel leading to a decrease in the damaging effects of carcinogens.
Animal studies demonstrated that dietary limonene reduced mammary tumor growth.

Limonene is common as a dietary supplement and as a fragrance ingredient for cosmetics products.
As the main fragrance of citrus peels, d-limonene is used in food manufacturing and some medicines, such as a flavoring to mask the bitter taste of alkaloids, and as a fragrance in perfumery, aftershave lotions, bath products, and other personal care products.[1] d-Limonene is also used as a botanical insecticide.
Limonene is used in the organic herbicide, Avenger.

Limonene is added to cleaning products, such as hand cleansers to give a lemon or orange fragrance (see orange oil) and for its ability to dissolve oils.
In contrast, l-limonene has a piny, turpentine-like odor.
Limonene is used as a solvent for cleaning purposes, such as adhesive remover, or the removal of oil from machine parts, as it is produced from a renewable source (citrus essential oil, as a byproduct of orange juice manufacture).
Limonene is used as a paint stripper and is also useful as a fragrant alternative to turpentine.

Limonene is also used as a solvent in some model airplane glues and as a constituent in some paints.
Commercial air fresheners, with air propellants, containing limonene are used by stamp collectors to remove self-adhesive postage stamps from envelope paper.
Limonene is also used as a solvent for fused filament fabrication based 3D printing.

Printers can print the plastic of choice for the model, but erect supports and binders from High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS), a polystyrene plastic that is easily soluble in limonene.
In preparing tissues for histology or histopathology, d-limonene is often used as a less toxic substitute for xylene when clearing dehydrated specimens.
Clearing agents are liquids miscible with alcohols (such as ethanol or isopropanol) and with melted paraffin wax, in which specimens are embedded to facilitate cutting of thin sections for microscopy.
Limonene is also combustible and has been considered as a biofuel.

Products used for cleaning or safety in an occupational or industrial setting (e.g. industrial cleaning supplies or laundry detergent, eye wash, spill kits)
Cleaning and household care products that can not be placed in a more refined category
Home air fresheners, including candles with a fragrance
Bathtub, tile, and toilet surface cleaners
antiseptic

Carpet-cleaning products that may be used directly (or require dilution), includes solutions that may be used by hand or in mechanical carpet cleaners
Hard floor cleaners, including pre-moistened wipes
Products that impart a shine to solid floors
Detergent based products used during the hand washing of dishes
Cleaning products for general household cleaning, which do not fit into a more refined category

Products used to control microbial pests on hard surfaces or laundry
Products used to clean glass, mirrors, and windows
Products used to clean hard surfaces in the home, including kitchen specific hard surface cleaners
Heavy duty hard surface cleaning products that may require dilution prior to use (i.e., may be concentrated)

Products used in washing machines to clean fabrics
Products used to clean grills, ovens, or range cooktops
Products applied to footwear to color, polish, clean, or add a protective surface
contains fragrance allergens
deodorant

deodorizer
flavoring and nutrient
flavour
flavouring
fragrance
fragrance

Products for removing grease and other hydrophobic materials from hard surfaces
fragrance allergen
fragrance component
fragrance ingredient
fragrances

Paint or stain related products that do not fit into a more refined category
Products used on wooden surfaces, including decks, to impart transparent or semitransparent color
Products for coating and protecting household surfaces other than glass, stone, or grout
masking / perfuming

General personal care products which do not fit into a more refined category
Facial cleansing products (excluding scrubs), for acne treatment
Multicomponent body care or bath set for which individual products are not designated
Products related to body hygiene which do not fit into a more refined category
Bar and other solid soaps

Body cleaners containing abrasives or exfoliants
Body cleaners, washes, shower gels
Antibacterial products for application to hands
Liquid hand soaps
Lipophilic products applied to skin (excluding baby oils)

Personal care products intended for use by children, which do not fit into a more specific category
Toothpastes and dentrifices
Deodorants and antiperspirants
Facial cleansing and moisturizing products which do not fit into a more refined category

Products specifically marketed for application to hands or body to moisturize or improve skin characteristics (excluding baby lotion)
General hair styling or hair care products which do not fit into a more refined category
Products for removing oil and dirt from hair
Rinse-out everyday hair conditioners (excluding combo shampoo/conditioner products)
Leave-in everyday hair conditioners and detanglers

Spray fixatives for hair
styling Products for imparting hold, shine, or texture to hair
Shampoos, including dual shampoo/conditioner products
Make-up or cosmetic products which do not fit into a more refined category
Eye liners or brow coloring products

Foundation make-up and concealers
Lip products primarily for protection
Colored lip products, excluding glosses
Adhesives for reparing fingernails or attaching artificial nails

Chemistry of Limonene:
Limonene is a relatively stable terpene, which can be distilled without decomposition, though it forms isoprene when passed over a hot metal filament.
Limonene is easily oxidised in moist air to carveol and carvone.
Oxidation using sulfur leads to p-cymene and a sulfide.

Limonene occurs naturally as the (R)-enantiomer, but it can be racemised to dipentene simply by heating at 300 °C.
When warmed with mineral acid, limonene forms the conjugated diene terpinene, which can itself easily be oxidised to p-cymene, an aromatic hydrocarbon.
Evidence for this includes the formation of Diels-Alder α-terpinene adducts when limonene is heated with maleic anhydride.

Limonene is possible to effect reaction at one of the double bonds selectively.
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride reacts preferentially at the disubstituted alkene, whereas epoxidation with MCPBA occurs at the trisubstituted alkene.
In both cases the second C=C double bond can be made to react if desired.
In another synthetic method Markovnikov addition of trifluoroacetic acid followed by hydrolysis of the acetate gives terpineol

Uses & Effectiveness of Limonene:
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for.
Cancer treatment.
One form of limonene (D-limonene) seems to build up in tumors in people with advanced cancer, when it is taken by mouth in 21-day cycles.
The high levels of limonene in the tumors may slow down the progress of the cancer, but their effect on the person's survival is uncertain.
Cancer prevention.
Weight loss.
Bronchitis.
Other conditions.

Sources/Uses of Limonene:
Used in flavorings, fragrances, cosmetics and as a solvent and wetting agent; Also used to make resins, insecticides, insect repellants, and animal repellants; [HSDB] Used as a dissolving agent for gallstones and gutta-percha; [ChemIDplus] Used in floor waxes and furniture polishes; [CAMEO] Occurs naturally in essential oils of many plants and is a minor constituent of turpentine; [CHEMINFO]

Household Products of Limonene:

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products of Limonene:
Information on 6 consumer products that contain 1-Methyl-4-Methylvinyl-Cyclohexene in the following categories is provided:

Auto Products of Limonene:

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
Information on 126 consumer products that contain Dipentene in the following categories is provided:

Auto Products
Commercial / Institutional
Inside the Home
Personal Care

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
Information on 31 consumer products that contain Grapefruit oil in the following categories is provided:

Auto Products
Inside the Home
Personal Care

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products of Limonene:
Information on 3 consumer products that contain Limonene fraction terpenes in the following categories is provided:

Inside the Home of Limonene:

Methods of Manufacturing of Limonene:
Extraction from Southeastern pine stumps, and citrus fruits (especially from the peels of oranges and lemons); from pyrolysis of alpha-pinene
As a by-product in the manufacture of terpineol and in various synthetic products made from alpha-pinene or turpentine oil.
Derivation: Lemon, bergamot, caraway, orange, and other oils, peppermint and spearmint oils.

The richest sources are the oils contained in the peel of citrus fruits, which contain levels up to 90%.
The major source of limonene is from citrus peel, largely as a by-product of the fruit juice industry.
Citrus fruit produce the (R)-enantiomer and so the bulk of commercially available limonene is dextrorotatory.
The levorotatory enantiomer is available, but in much more restricted supply and at a higher price.

Chemical products for tanning, staining, or coloring the skin
Products applied to the skin following shaving to provide scent, or improve skin characteristics
Cleaning and lubricating products for hair clippers
Shaving creams, foams, balms and soaps

Solid or powdered products added to bathwater including bath salts, soaks, and fizzes
Products added to bath water to create bubbles, may provide cleaning, fragrance, or improve skin characteristics (including bubble bath marketed to babies or children)
Products applied to the skin to block harmful effects of sunlight
Products for repelling insects from skin

Insecticides, for interior or exterior use
solvent
Products for masking odors or adding fragrance to car cabin air
Auto body waxes and coatings, excluding combo wash/wax products

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Limonene:
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion New Window
The data suggest that monoterpenes are poorly resorbed in the GI tract.
The resorbed portion of hydrocarbons accumulates in the lipophilic body compartments and is metabolized and then excreted by the kidneys
Percutaneous absorption of radioactive limonene from foam bath was measured in animals.
Maximum blood level reached after 10 min of exposure and the concentration was proportional to the skin exposed.

SKH-1 mice received topical or oral administration of limonene in the form of orange oil every day for 4 weeks.
Plasma and mammary pads were collected 4 hr after the final dosing.
The mouse disposition study showed that topical and oral orange oil administration resulted in similar mammary tissue disposition of limonene with no clinical signs of toxicity.
Our studies showed that limonene is bio available in mammary tissue after topical orange oil application in mice

Physical Description of Limonene:
Dipentene appears as a colorless liquid with an odor of lemon.
Flash point 113°F.
Density about 7.2 lb /gal and insoluble in water.
Hence floats on water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Used as a solvent for rosin, waxes, rubber; as a dispersing agent for oils, resins, paints, lacquers, varnishes, and in floor waxes and furniture polishes.

Chemical reactions of Limonene:
Limonene is a relatively stable monoterpene and can be distilled without decomposition, although at elevated temperatures it cracks to form isoprene.
Limonene oxidizes easily in moist air to produce carveol, carvone, and limonene oxide.
With sulfur, it undergoes dehydrogenation to p-cymene.

Limonene occurs commonly as the (R)-enantiomer, but racemizes to dipentene at 300 °C.
When warmed with mineral acid, limonene isomerizes to the conjugated diene α-terpinene (which can also easily be converted to p-cymene).
Evidence for this isomerization includes the formation of Diels–Alder adducts between α-terpinene adducts and maleic anhydride.

Limonene is possible to effect reaction at one of the double bonds selectively.
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride reacts preferentially at the disubstituted alkene, whereas epoxidation with mCPBA occurs at the trisubstituted alkene.
In another synthetic method Markovnikov addition of trifluoroacetic acid followed by hydrolysis of the acetate gives terpineol.

Limonene is a relatively stable mono- terpene and can be distilled without decomposition, although it cracks at high temperatures to form isoprene.
Carveol is easily oxidized in humid air to produce carvone and limonene oxide.
Limonene undergoes dehydrogenation with sulfur in the form of "p" - cemen.

Biosynthesis of Limonene:
In nature, limonene is formed from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclization of a neryl carbocation or its equivalent as shown.
The final step involves loss of a proton from the cation to form the alkene.

The most widely practiced conversion of limonene is to carvone.
The three-step reaction begins with the regioselective addition of nitrosyl chloride across the trisubstituted double bond.
This species is then converted to the oxime with a base, and the hydroxylamine is removed to give the ketone-containing carvone.

In plants of Limonene:
d-Limonene is a major component of the aromatic scents and resins characteristic of numerous coniferous and broadleaved trees: red and silver maple (Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum), cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia), aspens (Populus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides) sumac (Rhus glabra), spruce (Picea spp.), various pines (e.g., Pinus echinata, Pinus ponderosa), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), larches (Larix spp.), true firs (Abies spp.), hemlocks (Tsuga spp.), cannabis (Cannabis sativa spp.),[10] cedars (Cedrus spp.), various Cupressaceae, and juniper bush (Juniperus spp.).[1] It contributes to the characteristic odor of orange peel, orange juice and other citrus fruits.
To optimize recovery of valued components from citrus peel waste, d-limonene is typically removed.

Specifications of Limonene:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 95.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.841 - 0.845
Identity (IR): passes test

Identifiers of Limonene:
CAS Number:
138-86-3 (R/S)
5989-27-5 (R)
5989-54-8 (S)
ChEBI: CHEBI:15384
ChEMBL: ChEMBL449062 (R)
ECHA InfoCard: 100.028.848
KEGG: D00194
UNII:
9MC3I34447 (R/S)
GFD7C86Q1W (R)
47MAJ1Y2NE (S)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2029612
InChI:
InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3 check
Key: XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3
Key: XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYAC
SMILES: CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C

Properties of Limonene:
Chemical formula: C10H16
Molar mass: 136.238 g·mol−1
Appearance: colorless liquid
Odor: Orange
Density: 0.8411 g/cm3
Melting point: −74.35 °C (−101.83 °F; 198.80 K)
Boiling point: 176 °C (349 °F; 449 K)
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Solubility:
Miscible with benzene
chloroform
ether
CS2
oils
soluble in CCl4
Chiral rotation ([α]D): 87–102°
Refractive index (nD): 1.4727

Features of Limonene:
Chemical formula: C 10 H 16
molecular mass: 136.23gmol- 1
Appearance: colorless to pale-yellow liquid
Smell: Orange
Intensity: 0.8411 g / cm 3
Melting point: -74.35
Boiling point: 176

Molecular Weight: 136.23
XLogP3-AA: 3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 136.125200510
Monoisotopic Mass: 136.125200510
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 163
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Preferred IUPAC name of Limonene:
1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene

Other names of Limonene:
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
p-Menth-1,8-diene
Racemic: dl-Limonene; Dipentene

Synonyms of Limonene:
LIMONENE
Dipentene
138-86-3
Cinene
Cajeputene
DL-Limonene
Kautschin
p-Mentha-1,8-diene
Dipenten
Eulimen
Nesol
1,8-p-Menthadiene
Cajeputen
Limonen
Cinen
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-
Inactive limonene
Acintene DP dipentene
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
Polylimonene
Dipanol
Unitene
alpha-Limonene
Flavor orange
Orange flavor
Goldflush II
Acintene DP
Di-p-mentha-1,8-diene
1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene
4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene
4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, dl-
(+/-)-Limonene
DL-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
MENTHA-1,8-DIENE (DL)
Dipentene, technical grade
.alpha.-Limonene
NSC 21446
PC 560
1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene
.delta.-1,8-Terpodiene
7705-14-8
CHEBI:15384
1-Methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohexene
Limonene, dl-
65996-98-7
NCGC00163742-03
Polydipentene
Limonene polymer
DSSTox_CID_9612
d,l-Limonene
Dipentene polymer
DSSTox_RID_78787
DSSTox_GSID_29612
Dipentene 200
Terpenes and Terpenoids, limonene fraction
(+-)-Dipentene
(+-)-Linonene
Caswell No. 526
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (.+/-.)-
delta-1,8-Terpodiene
(+-)-alpha-Limonene
d-Limonene (JAN)
Dipentene, crude
CAS-138-86-3
HSDB 1809
NSC 844
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (+-)-
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-
EINECS 205-341-0
EINECS 231-732-0
UN2052
1-Methyl-p-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
DIPENTENE (+-)
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079701
NSC-844
Terpodiene
Ciene
Cyclil decene
AI3-00739
NSC-21446
Achilles dipentene
NSC-757069
Dipentene, tech.
4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene
Dipentene, technical, for use as solvent (for the paint industry), mixture of various terpenes
c0626
Mentha-1,8-diene
p-Mentha-1, dl-
Dipentene, homopolymer
d(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
(.+-.)-Limonene
(.+-.)-Dipentene
(.+/-.)-Dipentene
(.+/-.)-Limonene
DIPENTENE 38 PF
Limonene, (+/-)-
ESSENCE DE PIN PF
(1)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene
DL-p-mentha-1,8-diene
Mentha-1,8-diene, DL
(+-)-(RS)-limonene
Cyclohexene, (.+-.)-
Dipentene, p.a., 95%
p-Mentha-1,8(9)-diene
8016-20-4
Dipentene, mixture of isomers
CHEMBL15799
Monocyclic terpene hydrocarbons
Methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohexene
NSC844
(.+/-.)-.alpha.-Limonene
DTXSID2029612
(+/-)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
p-Mentha-1, (.+-.)-
HMS3264E05
Pharmakon1600-00307080
Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
HY-N0544
NSC21446
Tox21_112068
Tox21_201818
Tox21_303409
MFCD00062992
NSC757069
STK801934
1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene
AKOS009031280
Cyclohexene, 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-
Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
WLN: L6UTJ A1 DY1 & U1
CCG-214016
MCULE-2462317444
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (.+/-.)-
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, polymers (8CI)
SB44847
UN 2052
(+/-)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene homopolymer
Limonene 1000 microg/mL in Isopropanol
NCGC00163742-01
NCGC00163742-02
NCGC00163742-04
NCGC00163742-05
NCGC00257291-01
NCGC00259367-01
Terpenes andTerpenoids, limonene fraction
8050-32-6
NCI60_041856
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, homopolymer (7CI)
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl) cylcohexene
1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene
4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexene
Dipentene [UN2052] [Flammable liquid]
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethynyl)
DB-053490
DB-072716
CS-0009072
FT-0600409
FT-0603053
FT-0605227
L0046
EN300-21627
C06078
D00194
1-METHYL-4-PROP-1-EN-2-YL-CYCLOHEXENE
AB01563249_01
Q278809
SR-01000872759
J-007186
J-520048
SR-01000872759-1
4B4F06FC-8293-455D-8FD5-C970CDB001EE
Dipentene, mixt. of limonene, 56-64%, and terpinolene, 20-25%
555-08-8
8022-90-0

(+)-(R)-limonene
(R)-(+)-Limonene
(+)-(4R)-Limonene
(+)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
(+)-a-Limonene
(+)-carvene
(+)-Limonene
(+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
(+)-α-Limonene
(4R)-1-Méthyl-4-(1-propèn-2-yl)cyclohexène
(4R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexen
(4R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene
(4R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexen [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(4R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(4R)-4-Isopropényl-1-méthylcyclohexène [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(4R)-limonene
(R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene
(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene
(R)-limonene
2204754 [Beilstein]
227-813-5 [EINECS]
5989-27-5 [RN]
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)- [ACD/Index Name]
D-(+)-limonene
D-Limonen
d-limonene [USP] [Wiki]
MFCD00062991 [MDL number]
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-
R-(+)-limonene
()-Carvene
(+)-1,8-para-Menthadiene
(+)-Dipentene
(+)-Mentha-1,8-diene
(+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene
(+)-r-limonene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohex-1-ene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-cyclohexene
(4R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene
(D)-Limonene
(R)-()-Limonene
(R)-(+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
(R)-(+)-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE
(R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
(R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene
(R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
1-Methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-cyclohexene
1-methyl-4R-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene
205-341-0 [EINECS]
95327-98-3 [RN]
Biogenic SE 374
Carvene
citrene
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)- [ACD/Index Name]
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-
D-1,8-p-Menthadiene
Dextro-limonene
Dipentene
D-p-mentha-1,8-diene
EC 7
Glidesafe
Glidsafe
Hemo-sol
Limonene, (+)-
PARA-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE
p-mentha-1,8-diene
Refchole
α-limonene

MeSH of Limonene:
(+)-(R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
(+)-limonene
(-)-limonene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
(4S)-1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene
(D)-limonene
(R)-(+)-limonene
(R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
4 Mentha 1,8 diene
4-mentha-1,8-diene
AISA 5203-L (+)limonene
cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)-
d Limonene
d-limonene
dipentene
limonene
limonene, (+)-
limonene, (+-)-
limonene, (+-)-isomer
limonene, (R)-isomer
limonene, (S)-isomer

Limonene is a colorless or slightly yellow liquid.
Limonene is a compound found in nature and abundant in the peels of citrus fruits.


CAS Number: 5989-27-5 / 138-86-3
EC Number: 227-813-5
MDL number: MFCD00062991
Molecular Formula: C10H16



D-Limonene, 5989-27-5, (+)-Limonene, (R)-(+)-Limonene, (D)-Limonene, (+)-(4R)-Limonene, (4R)-Limonene, (+)-carvene, (R)-Limonene, D-(+)-Limonene, D-Limonen, Limonene, D-, (+)-Dipentene, Citrene, Limonene, (+)-, (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, (R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (+)-R-Limonene, (4R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene, Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)-, FEMA No. 2633, d-p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene, (R)-(+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene, (R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, (+)-(R)-Limonene, GFD7C86Q1W, (4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene, 4betaH-p-mentha-1,8-diene, r-(+)-limonene, (R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene, CHEBI:15382, (4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, MFCD00062991, NSC-757069, (4R)-1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene, DTXSID1020778, (+) Limonene, Carvene, Glidesafe, Glidsafe, Kautschiin, Refchole, D-LIMONENE (IARC), D-LIMONENE [IARC], (4R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene, Biogenic SE 374, (+)-alpha-Limonene, d-Limonene (natural), d limonene, d-Limoneno Hemo-sol, (4R)-(+)-Limonene, Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-, (4R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene, CCRIS 671, EC 7, HSDB 4186, D-1,8-p-Menthadiene, NCI-C55572, EINECS 227-813-5, UNII-GFD7C86Q1W, p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-, Sulfate turpentine, distilled, (+)-1,8-para-Menthadiene, AI3-15191, 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, (R)-, EINECS 266-034-5, 68647-72-3, D-(+)-Limonen, Dipentene no. 122, Alda341, Alda 341, Alda-341, EC 227-813-5, (+)-Limonene, stabilized with 0.03% tocopherol, DTXCID50778, (D)-LIMONENE [HSDB], (+)-LIMONENE [FCC], CHEMBL449062, Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (theta)-, (R)-(+)-Limonene, 95%, (R)-(+)-Limonene, 97%, XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N, CS-M3273, (R)-(+)-Limonene, >=93%, Tox21_200400, LIMONENE, (+)- [WHO-DD], AKOS015899935, Purifying Balance Soothing Peeling Pad, (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene, CCG-266134, DB08921, LMPR0102090013, NSC 757069, (R)-(+)-Limonene, analytical standard, For terpene analysis, > 99.0% (GC), NCGC00248591-01, NCGC00248591-02, NCGC00257954-01, BS-22387, CAS-5989-27-5, (+)-(R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene, L0047, L0105, NS00008437, (4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-cyclohexene, (R)-Limonene 2000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, C06099, D91245, EN300-106573, J-502148, W-105295, Q27888324, Z1255486311, (R)-(+)-Limonene, primary pharmaceutical reference standard, (R)-(+)-Limonene, purum, >=96.0% (sum of enantiomers, GC), (R)-(+)-Limonene, technical, ~90% (sum of enantiomers, GC), 7705-13-7 9IR, Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, p-Mentha-1,8-diene, α-Limonene, Cajeputen, Cajeputene, Cinen, Cinene, Dipenten, Dipentene, Eulimen, Kautschin, Limonen, Nesol, p-Mentha-1,8(9)-diene, δ-1,8-Terpodiene, p-Mentha-1,8-diene, dl-, Acintene DP dipentene, Di-p-mentha-1,8-diene, DL-Limonene, Inactive limonene, 1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene, 1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene, 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, Acintene DP, Dipanol, UN 2052, Unitene, 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene, 1,8-p-Menthadiene, 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, 1-Methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohexene, (.+/-.)-Limonene, Achilles dipentene, 1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene, 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene, Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethynyl), Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (.+/-.)-, (.+/-.)-Dipentene, (.+/-.)-α-Limonene, Flavor orange, Goldflush II, NSC 21446, Orange flavor, PC 560, D-Limonene, (+)-limonene, (+)-(4R)-limonene, ( R/ S)-limonene, (R)-(+)-Limonene, (R)-Limonene, (±)-limonene, Limonene [4R-(+), 4S-(-)], δ-Limonene, 1-Limonene, 1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene (limonene), (S)-(-)-Limonene, Limonene+, Dipentene limonene, C10H16, DL-Limonene, 1-Methyl-4-Isopropenpylcyclohexene, Dipentene, Cinene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, (R), l-limonene, d-limonene, dl-limonene, dipentene, Acintene DP, Cinene, Dipanol, Unitene, 1-methyl-4-isopropentyl-1-cyclohexene,



Limonene is a clear colorless mobile liquid with a pleasant lemon-like odor.
(4R)-limonene is an optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.
Limonene has a role as a plant metabolite.


Limonene is an enantiomer of a (4S)-limonene.
Limonene is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Curcuma amada, and other organisms with data available.
Limonene, (+)- is an oral dietary supplement containing a natural cyclic monoterpene, and a major component of the oil extracted from citrus peels, with potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities.


Upon oral administration, Limonene activates aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1), thereby decreasing aldehyde level.
This may protect salivary stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) from toxic aldehydes and prevent or improve radiation-induced xerostomia.
Limonene and its metabolites perillic acid, dihydroperillic acid, uroterpenol and limonene 1,2-diol may also inhibit tumor growth through inhibition of p21-dependent signaling and may induce apoptosis via the induction of the transforming growth factor beta-signaling pathway.


In addition, they inhibit post-translational modification of signal transduction proteins, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest as well as differential expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes.
Limonene is a naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature.


Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance.
Limonene is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Limonene is a colorless liquid classified as an aliphatic hydrocarbon cyclic monoterpene and is the main component of the oil in the fruit peels of citrus fruits .


D - isomer is a sweetener used in food production that occurs in nature mostly as an orange scent.
It is also used as a precursor to carvone in chemical synthesis and as a renewable-based solvent in cleaning products .
The less common L - isomer is found in peppermint oils and has a piney , turpentine- like odor.


Limonene is one of the main volatile monoterpenes found in the resin of conifers, especially Pinaceae , and orange oil .
Limonene takes its name from the French lemon (" limon ").
Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer : the main industrial source contains the citrus ( R ) -enantiomer D - limonene ((+)- limonene).


D -Limonene is commercially obtained from citrus fruits by two main methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation .
Limonene is a chemical found in the peels of citrus fruits and in other plants.
Limonene is a scent ingredient and solvent naturally ocurring in the rind of citrus fruit.


Upon storage and exposure to sunlight and air, limonene degrades to various oxidation products which act as skin and respiratory irritants and sensitizers.
Limonene exists in two isomeric forms (compounds with the same molecular formula—in this case, C10H16—but with different structures), namely l-limonene, the isomer that rotates the plane of polarized light counterclockwise, and Limonene, the isomer that causes rotation in the opposite direction.


In the extraction of citrus juices Limonene is obtained as a by-product, and it also occurs in caraway oil; l-limonene is present in pine needles and cones; dl-limonene, or dipentene, the mixture of equal amounts of the l- and d-isomers, is a component of turpentine.
Dipentene may be sulfurized to produce additives that improve the performance of lubricating oils under heavy loads; Limonene is commercially converted to l-carvone, which has a caraway-seed flavour.


Pure limonene is a colorless liquid that is classified as a monoterpene.
Limonene is made up of two isoprene units.
Limonene occurs in two optically active forms: l-limonene and d-limonene.


The two isomers have different odors: l-limonene (CAS 5989-54-8) smells like pine and turpentine and d-limonene has a pleasing orange scent.
Limonene also comes in the form of d,l-limonene (CAS 138-86-3) commonly known as dipentene; it is a mixture of the two isomers.
The isomers are chemically identical except for their molecular structures, which are mirror images of each other (optical isomers).


Limonene is one of the most common terpenes in nature, occurring in citrus and a wide variety of other plant species.
Limonene is a major constituent of oil of citrus rind, dill oil, and oil of cumin, neroli, bergamot, and caraway.
Limonene is the oil extracted from the peels of oranges and other citrus fruits.


People have been extracting essential oils like limonene from citrus fruits for centuries.
Today, limonene is often used as a natural treatment for a variety of health issues and is a popular ingredient in household items.
However, not all of limonene’s benefits and uses are supported by science.


Limonene is a chemical found in the rind of citrus fruits, such as lemons, limes, and oranges.
Limonene is especially concentrated in orange peels, comprising around 97% of this rind’s essential oils.
It’s often referred to as Limonene, which is its main chemical form.


Limonene belongs to a group of compounds known as terpenes, whose strong aromas protect plants by deterring predators.
Limonene is one of the most common terpenes found in nature and may offer several health benefits.
Limonene has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, and possibly disease-preventing properties.


Limonene is a specially scented Lemon Peel, native to India and the Far East.
Limonene Liquid active ingredient is also found in the peel of other citrus fruits.
In addition to cancer, Limonene is useful in high blood pressure, lowering bad cholesterol, increasing good cholesterol, and cardiovascular occlusions.


Limonene is a colorless or slightly yellow liquid.
Limonene dissolves well in some organic solvents, especially ethyl alcohol.
Limonene is a compound found in nature and abundant in the peels of citrus fruits.


Limonene usually carries a pleasant citrus scent.
Limonene comes in two forms, Limonene and L-limonene, which have a pleasant lemon-like aroma.
There are many potential health benefits of limonene.


Research has been conducted on how using limonene may benefit various health conditions, including ulcerative colitis (UC), viral illnesses, and even cancer.
However, there is little scientific evidence to support these and other claims.


Limonene is a monoterpene and chemical constituent found in many plants, notably citrus fruits such as lemon (Limonene is highly concentrated in the oil) and pine trees or species of the mint family (l-limonene).
Topically, limonene can cause sensitivity and is best avoided.


Like most volatile fragrance components, limonene also has strong antioxidant benefits and has also been shown to calm skin; however, when exposed to air these highly volatile antioxidant compounds oxidize and become capable of sensitizing skin.
Also, because of its penetration-enhancing effects on skin, it’s particularly important to avoid products that contain limonene plus other skin sensitizers like denatured alcohol.


In the European Union, cosmetics and skin care ingredients with limonene in concentrations above 0.001% in leave-on products and 0.01% in rinse-off products must be declared on the ingredient list instead of just including limonene in the general designation of “fragrance”.
Limonene is a monoterpene that exists in nature in two enantiomers: (S)-limonene [aka (–)-limonene, L-limonene] and (R)-limonene [aka (+)-limonene, Limonene].


Both enantiomers have well-recognized flavors and aromas.
(R)-Limonene1 is found in citrus oils and has the flavor and fragrance of oranges.
(S)-Limonene is produced by coniferous trees and caraway, dill, and bergamot plants; its piny odor contributes to the flavors and aromas of the plants’ edible portions.


In addition to their commercial use as food flavorings, the limonenes are used in industrial cleaning solvents, wetting agents, air fresheners, and fragrances in personal care products.
Worldwide production of Limonene is ≈50,000 t/year with a 2020 market value of US$323 million.


Limonene is an aromatic mono-terpene produced in a cannabis flower’s resin glands (the area that produces the cannabinoids) but, like many of the cannabis terpenes, it can be found in other species of botanicals too.
Limonene is a compound known as a terpene, many of which are known for their strong scents and flavors.


Limonene itself is responsible for the distinctive smell and taste of citrus fruits.
Limonene can be found in most citrus-flavored products because of how effective it is at adding flavor.
Today, it can also be found in supplement form and early studies have linked limonene to a number of health benefits.


Aside from its household uses, limonene may have some health benefits.
Limonene is an aromatic chemical produced from the rinds of citrus fruit, usually appearing as a colourless liquid with a lemon-like odour and sweet taste.
Limonene has two isomers (molecules with identical formulas but distinct structures) known as D-limonene, found in lemon and orange fruits; and L-Limonene, found in mint oils.


Limonene, also known as Citrus Terpenes, is the main chemical constituent found in the cold-pressed peel oils that can be derived from all edible citrus fruits, namely oranges, lemons, and limes.
After the first pressing of the peels, Limonene is obtained from the resultant oil through the process of distillation.


The two chemical forms of Limonene are D-Limonene, which is found largely in orange peels, and L-Limonene, which is found largely in lemon peels.
Limonene gets its name from the botanical name for “Lemon” – Citrus limon – due to the richness of this natural compound in lemon peels.
Limonene is a super common and cheap fragrance ingredient.


Limonene's in many plants, e.g. rosemary, eucalyptus, lavender, lemongrass, peppermint and it's the main component (about 50-90%) of the peel oil of citrus fruits.
Limonene does smell nice but the problem is that it oxidizes on air exposure and the resulting stuff is not good for the skin.


Limonene is definitely being a fragrance component, but there are several studies showing that it's also a penetration enhancer, mainly for oil-loving components.
All in all, limonene has some pros and cons, but - especially if your skin is sensitive - the cons probably outweigh the pros.


Limonene is a naturally occurring compound found mainly in the skin of certain plants and fruits, including lemons and oranges.
Limonene is from a large family of natural substances called terpenes, and it has no colour and its toxicity is low.
However, you might have heard about it recently because, when Limonene reacts with ozone in the air, it undergoes change which releases tiny amounts of other compounds, including formaldehyde.


Peeling an orange releases orange oil into the air.
As orange oil is 90% limonene you can get more exposure by peeling an orange than from using cleaning products.
Limonene is a naturally occurring essential oil most commonly found in the peels of citrus fruits such as oranges or lemons and is responsible for the distinctive smell and taste of these citrus fruits.


Studies have linked limonene to several health benefits including promoting weight loss, preventing cancer, and treating bronchitis.
Limonene, also known as terpene, is a chemical found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, mandarin, grapefruit, and oranges.
Limonene is a compound known as a terpene, many of which are known for their strong scents and flavors.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LIMONENE:
Limonene is used in a range of products, including food, cosmetics, and eco-friendly pesticides.
Limonene is used as an additive in foods such as sodas, desserts, and candies to provide a lemony flavor.
Limonene has long been used as a naturally occurring, holistic treatment that is used to treat various health ailments and issues such as gallstones, stomach, and digestive problems, weight loss, issues related to inflammation, anxiety, and even cancer prevention.


Creams infused with limonene are shown to be incredibly effective in inflamed and irritated tissues on the skin’s surface.
Research shows that creams that use high doses of limonene are effective for contact dermatitis, exposure to skin-irritating substances, and other skin issues.


It is one of the most frequent fragrances, Limonene is used in cosmetics formulations.
Limonene is used as a botanical insecticide and eco-friendly insect repellent due to its strong aromatic property.
Some household products containing Limonene include soaps, shampoos, lotions, perfumes, laundry detergents, and air fresheners.


Limonene is used as an aromatic oil for calming, stress-reducing, and therapeutic purposes.
Limonene may be used at full strength, that is without dilution, as an eco-friendly detergent; however, direct application to painted surfaces, plexiglass, plastics, or fiberglass is not recommended.


Conversely, Limonene may be added to wetting agents, such as water or vinegar bases, to achieve better solubilization.
Either method will make for a natural yet equally effective industrial-strength “green” surface disinfectant that Limonene is ideal for household cleaning.
Limonene is a popular additive in foods, cosmetics, cleaning products, and natural insect repellants.


For example, Limonene’s used in foods like sodas, desserts, and candies to provide a lemony flavor.
Limonene is extracted through hydrodistillation, a process in which fruit peels are soaked in water and heated until the volatile molecules are released via steam, condensed, and separated.


Due to its strong aroma, limonene is utilized as a botanical insecticide.
Limonene’s an active ingredient in multiple pesticide products, such as eco-friendly insect repellents.
Other household products containing Limonene include soaps, shampoos, lotions, perfumes, laundry detergents, and air fresheners.


Additionally, limonene is available in concentrated supplements in capsule and liquid form.
These are often marketed for their supposed health benefits.
This citrus compound, Limonene, is also used as an aromatic oil for its calming and therapeutic properties.


Limonene has solvent properties, and is used in many cleaning products to help break down fats and oils, improving cleaning performance.
Limonene is also used as a fragrance and flavouring ingredient in food, personal care products and cosmetics.
Limonene is naturally present as a component of many of the essential oils we use as fragrances for our products.


Although this molecule is found in nature, Limonene can still have a negative effect on some people who may be sensitive to its oxidized compounds, which can be irritating to the skin.
Limonene is used to make medicine.


Limonene is common in cosmetic products.
As the main odor constituent of citrus (plant family Rutaceae), Limonene is used in food manufacturing and some medicines, e.g. as a flavoring to mask the bitter taste of alkaloids, and as a fragrant in perfumery.


Limonene is used for obesity, cancer, and bronchitis, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
In foods, beverages, and chewing gum, limonene is used as a flavoring.
Limonene, a colourless liquid abundant in the essential oils of pine and citrus trees and used as a lemonlike odorant in industrial and household products and as a chemical intermediate.


Limonene is used in many different industries, from cleaning products to perfumes, from aromatherapy to food additives.
Limonene is a compound used especially in fragrances due to its citrus aroma.
The usage rate varies between 1% and 5% depending on the effect of Limonene and its interaction with other substances.


Limonene is a chemical found in fruits from the genus Citrus.
Limonene is a terpene and is abundant in the peels and essential oils of oranges, lemons, mandarins, and other citrus fruits.
Due to its smell, limonene is commonly used in fragrances, soaps, shampoos, and other health and cosmetic items.


Limonene is also used as a flavoring agent in food products.
Limonene also has applications in the food industry.
In cosmetics and skin care, limonene is primarily used as a fragrant ingredient and solvent.


Its wide range of beneficial applications has made Limonene one of the most prominent natural Terpenes.
With a light, pleasantly dry, and refreshingly-sweet citrusy scent, Limonene is valued for its aroma and is mostly used in fragrances as well as green cleaning products rather than for therapeutic applications.


Limonene is a thin, clear, colorless, oily fluid that is derived from steam distilled citrus rinds.
Limonene is safer to use, works more effectively, and is more environmentally-friendly than most commercial and industrial cleaners.
Limonene is used in cleaning products for two reasons: it has a pleasant, lemon-orange smell, and it acts as a solvent to help clean.


Limonene is found in a vast array of cleaning products, cosmetics, food flavourings and even aromatherapy, it comes in two forms: d-limonene and l-limonene.
These are like “different handed” versions of the same molecule, with only subtle differences.
The Limonene form is used in food-grade products, as well as cleaning and beauty products, and is prized mainly for its smell.


Limonene is also used in hospital laboratories when cleaning tissue samples for analysis.
The l-limonene version has a more pine-like scent but is used mainly as a solvent in industrial cleaning products.
Apart from these well-known uses, researchers now also believe limonene could be used as a dietary supplement to prevent cancer.


Limonene even turns up in some 3D printing processes.
Consumption of limonene is a successful alternative in the treatment of several diseases, triggering beneficial biological effects in clinical and preclinical studies, and seems to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and heart-disease-fighting properties.


Limonene oil is extracted from the peels of oranges and other citrus fruits to make medicine and is used in perfumes and deodorants, beverages such as tea, and essential oil-infused supplements.
Because limonene has strong scents and flavors, it is used in various ways.


In food products: Limonene is used as a flavoring agent in beverages and chewing gum
In pharmaceuticals: Limonene is added to help medicinal ointments and creams penetrate the skin
In manufacturing industries: Limonene is used as a fragrance, cleaner (solvent), and an ingredient in water-free hand cleansers.



HOW DOES LIMONENE WORK?
Limonene is a fragrance agent, a degumming agent, and a gentle yet powerful cleaner that is reputed to effectively remove stains, grease, tar, and more, thus making a natural replacement for more popular solvents, which usually contain chlorine or petroleum.

Its mildness has also made Limonene a popular ingredient in water-free hand soaps, in which it is said to not only cleanse but to also leave the hands smelling fresh.
When applied to various types of hard surfaces, such as counter tops, windows, mirrors, floors, bath tubs, refrigerators, cars, and electronic items, Limonene is reputed to bring a high shine to all cleaned items.



POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS OF LIMONENE:
Like many terpenes, limonene appears to interact with a number of systems in the body.
Studies are still being done on how limonene in particular affects your health, but early results suggest limonene may have several health benefits.
Currently, studies suggest that limonene may provide benefits like:

*Reduced Inflammation:
Consuming limonene may help reduce chronic inflammation in the body.
While more studies must be done, early trials suggest that limonene may help reduce a number of factors connected to chronic inflammation.

Since inflammation factors into a number of chronic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and certain forms of cancer, reducing inflammation may help lower your risk of developing these conditions and improve the health of people living with them.



LIMONENE AT A GLANCE:
*Monoterpene commonly found in citrus oils
*Primarily used as a fragrance in cosmetics
*Oxidizes when exposed to air
*Can cause skin sensitization



LINKED TO SEVERAL HEALTH BENEFITS OF LIMONENE:
Limonene has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and heart-disease-fighting properties.

*Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits of Limonene:
Limonene has been shown to reduce inflammation in some studies.
While short-term inflammation is your body’s natural response to stress and is beneficial, chronic inflammation can harm your body and is a major cause of illness.

It’s important to prevent or reduce this type of inflammation as much as possible.
Limonene has been shown to reduce inflammatory markers that relate to osteoarthritis, a condition characterized by chronic inflammation.


*Limonene has demonstrated antioxidant effects as well:
Antioxidants help reduce cell damage caused by unstable molecules called free radicals.
Free radical accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, which may trigger inflammation and disease.
One test-tube study revealed that limonene may inhibit free radicals in leukemia cells, suggesting a decrease in inflammation and cellular damage that would normally contribute to disease.


*May have anticancer effects:
Limonene may have anticancer effects.


*May boost heart health:
Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for nearly one in four deaths.
Limonene may lower your risk of heart disease by reducing certain risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol, blood sugar, and triglyceride levels.



BENEFITS OF LIMONENE:
*Reduce appetite:

*Decrease stress and anxiety:
Support healthy digestion.
Limonene may protect against stomach ulcers.



5 POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS OF LIMONENE:
Five potential health benefits of limonene include:

*Reduces inflammation (anti-inflammatory):
Some studies report that limonene may help reduce the number of factors connected to chronic inflammation, thus lowering the risk of certain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer.


*Has an antioxidant effect:
Early trials suggest that limonene acts as an antioxidant in the body, absorbing and removing damaging free radicals and unstable molecules before they can injure cells.
Moreover, dietary limonene may help lower the risk of signs of aging by reducing the amount of oxidative stress on the body.


*Has an anticancer effect:
Early research shows that limonene is linked to cancer-killing and tumor growth-inhibiting properties, especially in breast cancer.


*Improves heart health:
Laboratory studies suggest that consuming limonene lowers the risk of heart diseases by reducing triglycerides, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.
Limonene promotes an increase in good cholesterol levels and is connected to a lower risk of atherosclerosis and coronary events.


*Decreases stress and anxiety:



WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF LIMONENE:
Studies on the effects of Limonene reveal that the compound has the ability to relieve stress, provide anti-fungal and antibacterial properties, increase energy and improve one’s mood.

Consequently, research also reveals inhalation of the terpenes vapour can aid in the production of serotonin and dopamine in areas of the brain associated with anxiety and depression.
Thanks to such energizing and mood-boosting properties, cannabis strains containing high doses of Limonene maybe beneficial for managing symptoms associated with conditions such as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD), depression and chronic fatigue syndrome.

It’s worth noting, that this zesty terpene does not just improve mood and serotonin production.
Limonene can enhance the way our bodies absorb cannabinoids and other much needed terpenes through the skin and gut.
Explaining why some experts suggest that cannabis strains with high doses can help regulate healthy digestion and gut functioning.



RESEARCHE ON LIMONENE:
Research on limonene has increased in recent years.
Through research, it's become apparent that limonene has several properties that may benefit human health.


*Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity:
As a terpene, limonene contains chemical substances with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Anti-inflammatory substances can help reduce inflammation in the body, while antioxidants help prevent and reduce cell damage.
Due to these properties, limonene has been looked into for its possible effects on health conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases.
In vitro research shows that limonene's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities may protect your brain from damage and certain diseases.


*Anticancer Potential:
Some people with cancer choose to use various dietary supplements as complementary treatments to chemotherapy, radiation, and other cancer treatments.
Limonene has been studied for its potential anticancer properties.


*Antiviral Properties:
There is some evidence that limonene may have a role in the treatment of viruses like the flu, COVID-19, and herpesvirus.
A laboratory study found that both L- and Limonene act as a disinfectant against influenza A virus H1N1.

Limonene was found to be the major component in the essential oil from orange peels and responsible for the antiviral properties displayed in the study.
Other lab research has suggested that limonene has antiviral properties against COVID-19, although much more research is needed.
Limonene has also been found to have a potential role in treating human herpesvirus.

In an in vivo study, limonene was shown to directly inhibit herpesvirus.
Limonene was most effective when added to cells just before herpes virus infection.
Research on the role of limonene as an antiviral agent is in the very early stages.
More research must be conducted to determine if limonene can in fact treat or prevent any viruses in humans.


*Heart Protection:
Limonene supplementation was also found to reverse changes in inflammatory markers and, thus, cardiac toxicity risk.



CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF LIMONENE:
Limonene is a relatively stable mono terpene and can be distilled without decomposition, although it cracks at high temperatures to form isoprene .
Carveol is readily oxidized in moist air to produce carvone and limonene oxides.
Limonene undergoes dehydrogenation with sulfur to form p - cymene .



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LIMONENE:
Molecular Weight: 136.23 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 136.125200510 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 136.125200510 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 163
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Molecular Formula: C10H16
Molecular Weight: 136.2 g/mol
Purity: >=98%
Type of Compound: Monoterpenoids
Physical state: liquid, clear
Color: colorless
Odor: characteristic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -73,97 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 176 - 177 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,1 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,7 %(V)
Flash point: 51 °C - closed cup

Autoignition temperature: 245 °C at 995,44 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,00569 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 4,38 at 37 °C
Vapor pressure: 2 hPa at 24,85 °C
Density: 0,842 g/mL at 20 °C
Relative density: 0,8400 - 0,8440 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 4,70 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,70 - (Air = 1.0)
Physical description: A colorless liquid with an odor of lemon.
Boiling point: 352°F
Molecular weight: 136.2
Freezing point/melting point: -40°F
Flash point: 115°F
Specific gravity: 0.842 at 69.8°F
Ionization potential:
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 0.7%
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 6.1%
NFPA health rating: 2
NFPA fire rating: 2
NFPA reactivity rating: 0



FIRST AID MEASURES of LIMONENE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Call a physician immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LIMONENE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LIMONENE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LIMONENE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LIMONENE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LIMONENE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

LINEAR ALKYL BENZENE SULPHONIC ACID Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Chemical Name: Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid; Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Description and Uses: Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid; is an anionic surfactant commonly used in the manufacture of detergents and emulsifiers. It is environmentally friendly as it can be dried as powder. Usage areas LABSA is formed by the reaction of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid (LAB) with SO3 (sulfonation). Today, LABSA is used as the main surfactant in liquid, gel or powder detergent production processes. It is one of the main raw materials of synthetic detergent industry. Laundry, dishwasher powder detergents, detergent gels, liquid soaps, cleaning powders, oily soaps and so on. as. It is used as mercerizing and washing agent in textile sector. As the raw material of detergent, it is used in the production of alkynbenzene solphonic acid sodium in decontamination, emulsion, dispersion performance, wetting and foam properties. It is widely used in various detergent and emulsion production such as washing powder, dishwashing detergent, light or hard dirt detergent, textile industry cleaner, paint assistant, coating and leather making industry and paper making industry. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CAS NO. 27176-87-0 LINEAR ALKYL BENZENE SULPHONIC ACID EINECS NO. 248-289-4 FORMULA CH3(CH2)11C6H4SO3H SYNONYMS Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (Strait Chain); LAS; LABSA; Laurylbenzenesulfonic Acid; Laurylbenzenesulfonate; n-Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid; Alkylbenzene sulphonate, sodium salt; Linear Alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid; Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure (German); ácido dodecilbenceno sulfónico (Spanish); Acide dodécylbenzènesulfonique (French); CLASSIFICATION Anionic Surfactant DESCRIPTION OF LABSA Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is the largest-volume synthetic surfactant because of its relatively low cost, good performance, the fact that it can be dried to a stable powder and the biodegradable environmental friendliness as it has straight chain. LABSA is an anionic surfactants with molecules characterized by a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic group. Alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS) alkyl sulfates (AS) are also examples of commercial anionic surfactants. They are nonvolatile compounds produced by sulfonation. LABSA are complex mixtures of homologues of different alkyl chain lengths (C10 to C13 or C14) and phenyl positional isomers of 2 to 5-phenyl in proportions dictated by the starting materials and reaction conditions, each containing an aromatic ring sulfonated at the para position and attached to a linear alkyl chain at any position with the exception of terminal one (1-phenyl). The properties of LABSA differ in physical and chemical properties according to the alkyl chain length, resulting in formulations for various applications. The starting material LABSA (linear alkylbenzene) is produced by the alkylation of benzene with n-paraffins in the presence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) or aluminium chloride (AlCl3) as a catalyst. LABSA is produced by the sulfonation of LAB with oleum in batch reactors. Other sulfonation alternative reagents are sulfuric acid, diluted sulfur trioxide, chlorosulfonic acid and sulfamic acid on falling film reactors. LABSA are then neutralized to the desired salt (sodium, ammonium, calcium, potassium, and triethanolamine salts). Surfactants are widely used in the industry needed to improve contact between polar and non-polar media such as between oil and water or between water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is mainly used to produce household detergents including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids and other household cleaners as well as in numerous industrial applications like as a coupling agent and as an emulsifier for agricultural herbicides and in emulsion polymerization. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Household detergents including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids and other household cleaners. Industrial applications of wetting agent, emulsifier for agricultural herbicides and in polymerization. LABSA HOMOLOGUES AND SALTS Linear Alkyl benzene sulphonic acid 27176-87-0 25155-30-0 (Sodium) Tridecylbenzene sulfonic acid 25496-01-9 26248-24-8 (Sodium) Tetradecylbenzene sulfonic acid 30776-59-1 28348-61-0 (Sodium) Pentadecylbenzene sulfonic acid 61215-89-2 64716-02-5 (Potassium) Hexadecylbenzene sulfonic acid 16722-32-0 64716-00-3 (Potassium) Heptadecylbenzene sulfonic acid 39735-13-2 Linear Alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid (LABSA)/Linear Alkylate Sulfonate (LAS) Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (LABSA) is prepared commercially by sulfonating linear alkylbenzene (LAB). Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABSA), the world’s largest-volume synthetic surfactant, which includes the various salts of sulfonated alkylbenzenes, is widely used in household detergents as well as in numerous industrial applications. The LABSA market is driven by the markets for LABSA, primarily household detergents. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate was developed as a biodegradable replacement for nonlinear (branched) alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) and has largely replaced BAS in household detergents throughout the world. The pattern of LABSA consumption demonstrates the overwhelming preference by consumers for liquid laundry detergents in North America, whereas powders continue to be the dominant products in Western Europe, Japan, and China. Comparable and reliable data in other world regions are generally unavailable. In these less-developed world areas, LABSA is essentially used only in laundry powders (particularly in India and Indonesia) and hand dishwashing liquids. The latter are often used as general-purpose cleaners. The following pie chart shows world consumption of LABSA: About 82–87% of LABSA is used in household detergents, including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids, and other household cleaners. Industrial, institutional, and commercial cleaners account for most of the other applications, but LABSA is also used as an emulsifier (e.g., for agricultural herbicides and in emulsion polymerization) and as a wetting agent. Very small volumes are also used in personal care applications. Demand in the North American household segment fell sharply in 2000–11, as a result of several developments, including reformulations away from LABSA to alternative surfactants because of cost considerations, the greater use of enzymes, and adverse economic conditions that resulted in lower overall surfactant levels in detergents. However, consumption stabilized during 2011–17. Although consumption of LABSA will likely stabilize or decline slightly in the highly developed regions, it will increase by 3.0–5.0% in some less-developed regions or countries, such as the Middle East, Africa, India, and China, as well as Southeast Asia. As a result of the rapid growth of LABSA demand in the Asia Pacific region, demand in the region accounted for over half of global demand in 2017. The worldwide growth of LABSA will be negatively impacted by the efforts of detergent manufacturers to reduce the active content in their surfactant formulations, by the shift to liquid detergents in some countries (which benefits competing surfactants), and by less consumer overdosing (particularly in North America with unit dose laundry products, assuming they continue to take some market share from traditional liquid detergents). However, consumption of LABSA will be positively affected in countries/regions such as India, China, Africa, and the Middle East, where powder detergents are still a very large part of the laundry detergent market. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate competes with several other major surfactants for use in household detergents. Some of the competitive surfactants have greater hard-water tolerance and better compatibility with enzymes and are milder than LABSA. Historically, however, LABSA has most often been lower in cost and has had other more favorable properties compared with competing surfactants. During 2002–06, very high crude oil prices made LABSA far less competitive than had been true in most years since its introduction. During 2007–11, LABSA prices tracked more closely those of the competitive surfactants. This led to a more stable pattern of consumption, even as prices for all surfactants continued to be very volatile. From late 2014 through 2017, low crude oil prices helped LABSA become more competitive. LABSA/LAS production is impacted by the supply situation for competing products—mainly alcohol ether sulfates (AES). Shortages in AES supply or its high price has usually favored the use of LABSA/LAS. In the developing world, LABSA competes with soaps. Alkylbenzene sulfonates are a class of anionic surfactants, consisting of a hydrophilic sulfonate head-group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail-group. Along with sodium laureth sulfate they are one of the oldest and most widely used synthetic detergents and may be found in numerous personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste etc.) and household-care products (laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid, spray cleaner etc.).[1] They were first introduced in the 1930s in the form of branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS) however following environmental concerns these were replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LABSA) during the 1960s.[2] Since then production has increased significantly from about 1 million tons in 1980, to around 3.5 million tons in 2016, making them most produced anionic surfactant after soaps. Contents 1 Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates 2 Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonates 3 Structure property relationships 4 Environmental fate 5 References Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates An example of a branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS) were first introduced in the early 1930s and saw significant growth from the late 1940s onwards,[3] in early literature these synthetic detergents are often abbreviated as syndets. They were prepared by the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of benzene with 'propylene tetramer' (also called tetrapropylene) followed by sulfonation. Propylene tetramer being a broad term for a mixture of compounds formed by the oligomerization of propene, its use gave a mixture of highly branched structures.[4] Compared to traditional soaps BAS offered superior tolerance to hard water and better foaming.[5] However, the highly branched tail made it difficult to biodegrade.[6] BAS was widely blamed for the formation of large expanses of stable foam in areas of wastewater discharge such as lakes, rivers and coastal areas (sea foams), as well as foaming problems encountered in sewage treatment[7] and contamination of drinking water.[8] As such BAS was phased out of most detergent products during the 1960s, being replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LABSA). It is still important in certain agrochemical and industrial applications, where rapid biodegradability is of reduced importance. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates An example of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are prepared industrially by the sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes (LABSA), which can themselves be prepared in several ways.[2] In the most common route benzene is alkylated by long chain monoalkenes (e.g. dodecene) using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst.[9] The purified dodecylbenzenes (and related derivatives) are then sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to give the sulfonic acid.[10] The sulfonic acid is subsequently neutralized with sodium hydroxide.[1] The term "linear" refers to the starting alkenes rather than the final product, perfectly linear addition products are not seen, in-line with Markovnikov's rule. Thus, the alkylation of linear alkenes, even 1-alkenes such as 1-dodecene, gives several isomers of phenyldodecane.[11] Structure property relationships Under ideal conditions the cleaning power of BAS and LABSA is very similar, however LABSA performs slightly better in normal use conditions, due to it being less affected by hard water.[12] Within LABSA itself the detergency of the various isomers are fairly similar,[13][14] however their physical properties (Krafft point, foaming etc.) are noticeably different.[15][16] In particular the Krafft point of the high 2-phenyl product (i.e. the least branched isomer) remains below 0 °C up to 25% LABSA whereas the low 2-phenyl cloud point is ∼15 °C.[17] This behavior is often exploited by producers to create either clear or cloudy products. Environmental fate Biodegradability has been well studied,[6][18][19] and is affected by isomerization, in this case, branching. The salt of the linear material has an LD50 of 2.3 mg/liter for fish, about four times more toxic than the branched compound; however the linear compound biodegrades far more quickly, making it the safer choice over time. It is biodegraded rapidly under aerobic conditions with a half-life of approximately 1–3 weeks;[18] oxidative degradation initiates at the alkyl chain.[1] Under anaerobic conditions it degrades very slowly or not at all, causing it to exist in high concentrations in sewage sludge, but this is not thought to be a cause for concern as it will rapidly degrade once returned to an oxygenated environment. LABSA Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Product Information LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid is a chemical which is colorless and have viscous properties. LABSA Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid mainly using in detergent formulations. It is one of the most important and cheapest surfactants in powder formulation and detergent fluids. It has excellent cleansing properties. Usages of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid LABSA Linear Alkyl Benzene sulphonic acid is a batch of organic sulfur compounds that are used in most home detergents, dishwashing detergents, detergent powder, cleaning powder, washing powders, detergent cake, liquid soap, soaps etc. LABSA, sulfonic acid compound is used as a foaming agent, cleaning agent in more formulations and toilet soaps for foaming. Sulfonic acid, LABSA is using in detergent industries, in textile industry as a washing agent, pesticides industries to improve the quality of spray. Sulfonic acid, LABSA is not inflammable substance and can dissolve in water, but not in organic solvent. Application of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid used in the industry to increase the contact of polar and non-polar phases, such as oil, water, or water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonate is mainly used for the manufacture of household detergents such as laundry powder, washing liquid, dishwashing liquid and other household cleaners and other industrial uses. LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid uses in produce sulfonic acid. LABSA is an additive as a lubricating agent oils and have as corrosion and rust prevention. his product is a very effective intermediate surfactant. Specification of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Product Name: Linear Alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid ROW Characteristi LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid packing Basekim Chemical Production can supply LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid with drum. Each drum can take 220 kg and 80 drum can easily load in a container. It also depends on customer demands as well. LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid is a chemical which is colorless and have viscous properties. LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid mainly using in detergent formulations. It is one of the most important and cheapest surfactants in powder formulation and detergent fluids. It has excellent cleansing properties. LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid in the formulation of anionic, non-anionic, and amphoteric surfactants, and it is extremely important for its degradability in nature. It is soluble in water and emulsifying agent. Linear Alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants due to its low cost, high efficiency and biocompatibility due to its linear chain. This anionic surfactant has hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. These are non-volatile compounds produced by the sulfonation process. These compounds consist of mixtures of carbon chains of 10 to 14 carbon lengths that are a phenyl group with a sulfonate group LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid application The properties of LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid depend on the length of the alkane chains that give them different functionality. Surfactants are used in the industry to increase the contact of polar and non-polar phases, such as oil, water, or water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonate is mainly used for the manufacture of household detergents such as laundry powder, washing liquid, dishwashing liquid and other household cleaners and other industrial uses. LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid uses in produce sulfonic acid. LABSA is an additive as an lubricating agent oils and have as corrosion and rust prevention. his product is a very effective intermediate surfactant. It is usually neutralized with alkali types and forms sulphonates used in different fields. This product can be used in acidic environments. LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid packing can supply LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid with drum . Each drum can take 220 kg and 80 drum can easily load in a container LABSA Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid PACKING Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid (LABSA) Specification LABSA properties: Trade Name: Sulfonic Acid COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS LINEAR ALKYL BENZENE SULPHONIC ACIDS SUMMARY REPORT (1) 1. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids (LABSA) are anionic surfactants. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are a mixtures of benzene sulphonic acids containing linear alkyl chains of different lengths (C9: less than 1%, C10: 8 to 16%, C11: 26 to 38%, C12: 26 to 38%, C13: 15 to 27% and longer than C13: less than 2.5%). The amount of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in the products is 2% and these products are indicated for post-dipping or teat-spraying of dairy cows. The average dose per teat is assumed to be about 1 ml of the product, which equals to 80 mg of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid per cow per milking. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are commonly used as cleaning agents (household and personal care products). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is included as surface active agent in Commission establishing an inventory and a common nomenclature of ingredients employed in cosmetic products. The occupational and environmental exposure to linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid has been assessed by WHO in 1996: The worldwide consumption of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids in 1990 was about 2 million tonnes. Linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, under the synonym sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, has been included in 1987 on the food additive list of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States of America as a surface active agent in commercial detergents used in washing fruits and vegetables or to assist in lye peeling these products. The tolerance limit has been set on equal to or less than 0.2% in wash water. 2. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups of the molecule are both essential for action of surfactants in detergents. According to a published study on the in vitro germicidal activity of teat dips the linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid-containing product (1.94%) was shown to be completely effective against suspensions of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae containing bacteria/ml each following a contact time of 2 minutes. According to a published review document on in vitro studies, the 50% haemolytic concentration for linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid was 9 mg/l and the 50% inhibitory concentration for prothrombin time was 0.05 mmol/l (16.3 mg/l). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid influenced the thermal denaturation of proteins in vitro indicating protein-linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid interaction. 3. Pharmacokinetic data are presented based on published reports. In rats, 14C-labelled alkyl benzene sulphonate was administered daily in the diet at a concentration of 1.4 mg/kg feed (dose per kg bw not given) to 12 male Wistar rats (120 to 140 g) for 5 weeks. Radioactivity was mostly excreted in faeces (52%) and in urine (29%) during the 5-week feeding period. After a single intraperitoneal administration of 14C-labelled alkyl benzene sulphonate (384.7 µg/rat), 85% of the dose was excreted during the first 24 hours and 95% within 10 days follow-up period. The main elimination route was via urine (50% of radioactivity), while 35% was excreted into faeces. However, during days 2 to 10 the percentage of radioactivity excreted into faeces was higher than that excreted into urine. No parent compound could be detected in faeces or urine but radioactivity was found in polar metabolites which were not further characterised. In another study, 35S-labelled linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid was administered to male albino rats (Charles River strain, 150 to 200 g bodyweight) as a single per oral dose of 0.6, 1.2, 8 and 40 mg/rat (3 to 5 rats/group). During the 3-day follow-up period, 40 to 58% of radioactivity was excreted in urine and 39 to 56% in faeces. In faeces, the proportion of parent compound was 19% of total radioactivity. About 70% of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid was absorbed after oral administration. Two urine metabolites chemically close to methyl 4-(4'-methylsulfophenyl)- pentanoate were identified and were found to be a mixture of sulfophenyl butanoic acids and sulfophenyl pentanoic acids. Decomposition of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulphonate in rats was suggested to occur by ϖ-oxidation followed by catabolism through a β-oxidation mechanism. In vitro studies have not shown any penetration of 14C-labelled linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid through intact rat or human skin. In in vivo studies in rats, 0.2 ml of 3 mM 14C linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (equivalent to 250 µg) was applied on 7.5 cm2 area of skin. These studies revealed deposition of 14C-labelled linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid on the skin surface and in the upper regions of the hair follicles, however, no penetration of the substance could be detected after an exposure of 15 minutes. 4. The oral toxicity of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is not very high. LD50 values for rats and mice range from 404 to 1525 mg/kg bw and 1575 to 1950 mg/kg bw, respectively. Both species showed diarrhoea and death occurred within 24 hours. 5. Repeated dose toxicity have been carried out using linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids or their sodium salts containing alkyl chains of different lengths. Repeated dose toxicity has been documented on rats using 5 published articles, one of which was done in rats (60 females and 60 males/group) using only 1 dose level (0 and 100 mg of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (chain length varying between C10 to C14)/l drinking water for 100 weeks). No differences were seen between test and control groups. No NOEL can be established due to deficiencies in the study design. Wistar rats (about 150 g, 10 per sex and group) received the test product (dishwashing detergent containing linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid) was mixed into drinking water at corresponding to 0, 0.015, 0.075 and 0.375 ml linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid/kg bw for 6 months. In the 3rd group the dose was increased after 9 weeks to 0.563 and again after 8 weeks to 0.75 ml/kg bw for 9 weeks. No differences were seen in haematological urine examinations between control and treated animals. Males showed decreased weight gain in the 3rd dose group, but the change was reversible once the treatment was stopped. Organ weights of the third group animals (5 per sex) killed immediately after the treatment were lower than those of the controls. Only control and the 3rd treatment groups were examined histologically. The animals in 3rd treatment group had small petechial bleedings (kidney, myocardium, lungs) and mucosal necrotis spots in gastrointestinal canal. They also had massive atrophy in adrenal glands and some atrophy in thymus. It is not possible to assess if changes showed correlation with dose or not, because only highest group was studied. No NOEL can be drawn from the study due to limited data available. Albino rats (FDRL strain, 15 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed at 0, 50 and 250 mg/kg bw for 12 weeks. Growth responses and food intake, haematological and urinary examinations showed no abnormalities. Histological findings revealed no abnormalities in lower dose group compared with control. Females in higher dose group had higher liver weight to body weight ratio than controls (p<0.01). The lower dose-group of 50 mg/kg bw/day showed no treatment-related changes. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. Sprague-Dawley rat (10 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5%) for 90 days (corresponding to 8.8, 44 and 220 mg/kg bw). No statistically significant differences were seen in weight gains, food utilisation, haematological and urinary examinations. Organ to body ratios as well as macroscopic and microscopic findings were comparable in treated and control groups. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. Charles River rat (50 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5%) for 2 years (dose per kg bw is not given). No statistically significant differences were seen in weight gains and food utilisation during the first 12 weeks. Organ to body ratios did not show any statistically significant differences when control and highest dose group were compared. At 8 months, male rats in 0.02 and 0.1% group had lower liver weight to bw ratios but this was not seen at later time points and never in the highest dose group. Haematological examinations revealed no treatment related changes. No abnormal macroscopic findings were seen and microscopic findings did not differ between the groups. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. The highest dose (0.5% in feed for 2 years) did not show any treatment-related changes. A published repeated dose toxicity study has been carried out using 6 to 7 months old Beagle dogs (2 animals per sex and group). A linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid-containing product (15% linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid) was administered in doses of 0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg bw daily for 6 months by gavage (corresponding to 0, 1.5, 15, and 150 mg linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid/kg bw). Lowest dose group showed no treatment-related changes. One female dog in middle dose level group had drooling from the second week forward and one animal regurgitated part of one dose which lead to sedation and decreased appetite. In the highest dose group, 3 to 4 animals had marked salivation. No animals died. In the highest dose group feed intake was moderately reduced. Marked reduction in weight gain was only seen in the highest dose group (more pronounced in females). No changes were seen in blood and urinary tests. Eyes and hearing were normal in all groups. In highest dose group mucosal erosions were found in stomach (mainly in cardia) of one male and one female. Presence of haemosiderosis in spleen was more pronounced in highest dose group. One dog in the same group had small necroses in pancreas and 2 dogs had some iron-free pigment in kidneys. No NOEL can be established due to small number of animals and limited data available. According to a WHO report, minimal effects, including biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver, have been reported in subchronic studies in which rats were administered linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in the diet or drinking water at concentrations equivalent to doses greater than 120 mg/kg bw per day. These changes appeared to be reversible. In the absence of the original data, no firm conclusion on the data reported in the WHO report can be drawn. 6. Tolerance in dairy cows was studied using commercial teat dip containing 2% linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid. The product was used post-milking twice daily for 10 days. The product was well-tolerated. 7. Effects on reproduction have been documented using 2 published articles, one of which described a study in rats (10 females and 10 males/group) using only one dose level of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulphonic acid (0 and 100 mg/l drinking water). The data provided are too limited for the assessment. Charles River rat (20 males and 20 females/group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5% daily) in the 3-generation study (dose per kg bw is not given). No gross abnormalities were noted in pups. Rats of the F1 and F2 generations had similar growth patterns and organ to body weight ratios in control and test groups. No abnormalities were seen in histological examinations. In haematological studies, a statistically significant difference (level of significance not indicated) was seen in red blood cell count between control and females of highest test group. F3-weanlings were normal with respect to growth, organ to body weight ratios, macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Haematological values showed no treatment related trend or pattern in this study. The studies provided showed no indication of any reproduction toxicity. 8. Teratogenicity data were available from studies conducted using different linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulphonic acids in mouse, rat and rabbit using oral, dermal and subcutaneous administration published in five articles. In two mouse studies the exposure times are not in accordance with the present guidelines. One study in mouse using dermal or subcutaneous administration was carried out using smaller group sizes and exposure times other than recommended in present guidelines. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (0, 0.2, 2, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw daily) was administered orally to female mice (n = 20), rats (n = 20) (days 6 to 15 of gestation) and rabbits (n = 13) days 6 to 18 of gestation). In all species primary toxic effects in dams were generally associated with disturbance of the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhoea, anorexia, retarded weight gain, weight loss, death). Rabbits were found to be the most susceptible species followed by mice and rats. The two highest dose groups showed maternal toxicity in mice and rabbits resulting in increased foetal loss and reduced litter size. No effects were seen in dams at 2 mg/kg bw in mice and rabbits. In rats, the highest dose caused maternal toxicity also, but did not affect litter parameters. No dose-related trend was seen in foetal weights. No difference was seen in number of major malformations between treated groups and controls. In mice, minor skeletal abnormalities increased to 33.7% in 300 mg/kg bw group compared with 11.7 to 13.3% in controls and lower dose groups. No teratological changes different from controls were seen except an increase in minor skeletal anomalies in 300 mg/kg bw group in mice. From the highest dose group no viable young were available as a result of marked maternal toxicity. When dermal exposure (linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in water) was used in mouse, rat and rabbit, the two highest doses caused severe skin reactions in mice (50 and 500 mg/kg bw) and rabbits (9 and 90 mg/kg bw). The highest dose in rats (60 mg/kg bw) showed also skin irritation: erythema and oedema with peak response on days 4 to 5. Except for the highest dose group in mice, no treatment related effects were seen in dams and litter data. In mice, a significant (p<0.05) increase in embryonic deaths was seen at 50 and 500 mg/kg bw compared with controls. In rats, no significant changes in litter parameters were seen in treated animals. In rabbits, the highest dose group had somewhat higher foetal loss and smaller litter size (statistically not significant). No statistically significant differences in anomalies were seen. The studies provided showed no indication of any teratogenic potential of the substanc

Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil, is a vegetable oil derived from the seeds of the flax plant, scientifically known as Linum usitatissimum.
Linseed Oil is golden yellow, amber, or brown drying oil with a peculiar odor and bland taste.
Linseed Oil soluble in ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide, and turpentine; slightly soluble in alcohol, spontaneous heating.

CAS Number: 8001-26-1
EINECS Number: 232-278-6

Linseed Oil polymerizes on exposure to air.
Chief constituents are glycerides of Linseed Oil, oleic, linoleic, and saturated fatty acids.

The drying property is due to the Linseed Oil and linolenic groups.
Derivation is from seeds of the flax plant Linum usitatissimum by expression or solvent extraction.

Various refining and bleaching methods are used.
The grades of linseed oil are raw; boiled, double-boiled, blown, varnish makers' and refilled.
Linseed oil is an pale yellow oil extracted from the seeds of flax (linseed).

Linseed Oil hardens on exposure to air (it is a drying oil) because it contains linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and is used in enamels, oilpaints, putty, linoleum and varnishes.
Linseed oil is currently one of the highest known vegetable oils with the highest content of essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids).
Linseed Oil is used in paints, varnishes, oilcloth, putty, printing inks, core oils, linings, and packings, alkyd resins, soap, and pharmaceuticals.

Linseed Oil has been used for various purposes for centuries, including as a dietary supplement, a drying oil in paints, and as an ingredient in various industrial and cosmetic products.
Linseed oil is a natural triglyceride and a well known drying oil.
Drying of the triglyceride mainly leads to the oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid segments and polymerization.

Linseed Oil oxidative degradation studies of linseed oil show hardening and oxidation of alkylic sections followed by partial fragmentation of the triglyceride structure.
Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil or flax oil (in its edible form), is a colourless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum).
The oil is obtained by pressing, sometimes followed by solvent extraction.

Owing to its polymer-forming properties, linseed oil is often blended with combinations of other oils, resins or solvents as an impregnator, drying oil finish or varnish in wood finishing, as a pigment binder in oil paints, as a plasticizer and hardener in putty, and in the manufacture of linoleum.
Linseed oil use has declined over the past several decades with increased availability of synthetic alkyd resins—which function similarly but resist yellowing.
Linseed oil is an edible oil in demand as a dietary supplement, as a source of α-Linolenic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid.

Linseed Oil is traditionally eaten with potatoes and quark.
Linseed oil comes from the seed of the flax plant and comes in two different forms, as Raw or Boiled.
Linseed Oil is a very traditional finish, used for hundreds of years and still very popular for treating and finishing wood.

Linseed oil is used to protect and maintain interior and exterior woods, concrete and is also one of the main ingredients in many paints and varnishes.
Linseed Oil is a natural oil so not as bad for the environment as many other solvent based finishes and has a variety of uses from a furniture finish to treating wooden floors.
Linseed oil is a triglyceride, like other fats.

Linseed oil is distinctive for its unusually large amount of α-linolenic acid, which oxidises in air.
Having a high content of di- and tri-unsaturated esters, linseed oil is susceptible to polymerization reactions upon exposure to oxygen in air.
This polymerization, which is called autoxidation, results in the rigidification of the material.

To prevent premature drying, linseed oil-based products (oil paints, putty) are stored in airtight containers.
Rags soaked with linseed oil pose fire hazard because they provide a large surface area for rapid oxidation.
The oxidation of linseed oil is exothermic, which may lead to spontaneous combustion.

In 1991, One Meridian Plaza, in Philadelphia, was severely damaged in a fire, in which three firefighters perished, thought to be caused by rags soaked with linseed oil.
Linseed oil has numerous well-documented qualities and is extracted from the seeds of the flaxseed plant.
Linseed Oil is used in food preparation and as a dietary supplement due to its many health benefits.

One of its most enduring uses, however, is as a protective finish for wood surfaces.
Linseed oil is used as a base in some ecological and craft paints because of its characteristics.
Applying the oil prior to varnishing a surface is not recommended as it might prevent the varnish from adhering smoothly.

Wood oils today are all-in-one products that seal and stain both indoor and outdoor wood surfaces all at once, leaving a quality finish and long-lasting protection.
Boiled Linseed Oil is a superior quality oil due to its preparation at high temperatures it dries more quickly, forming a tough and long lasting finish and natural lustre to wood furniture.
Suitable to use internally or externally on unpolished softwood surfaces.

For replacing the natural sheen that wood may lose after long periods in the sun.
Prevents wood from turning grey due to weathering and splitting or wrapping.
The oil-based properties of this product improve the grain definition of treated timbers.

Linseed oil is suitable for use on all types of wood except external hardwoods such as Oak and Teak.
For these wood types Teak Oil should be used.
Linseed oil is the best option to protect natural wood that is neither varnished nor previously stripped of other coatings.

Linseed Oil is used to coat wood and protect it from the effects of deteriorating agents.
Linseed Oil’s extremely easy to use and dries rapidly.
The oil must be applied on virgin wood, but the process can be repeated over time to maintain adequate protection.

Linseed Oil exterior wood surfaces exposed to weathering conditions generally need maintenance every two years.
Maintenance is quite easy and inexpensive—only a small amount of oil is necessary to treat dull or damaged areas.
Completely sanding your wood surface is not necessary, which saves you time and money.

Linseed oil must be applied to unvarnished wood, otherwise the oil will fail to deeply penetrate the wood surface.
Because linseed oil is a wood-penetrating solution, it nourishes your wood surfaces while sealing, staining, and finishing them at the same time.
Linseed oil is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid.

As a dietary supplement, Linseed Oil is often consumed for its potential health benefits, including supporting heart health and reducing inflammation.
Linseed Oil is available in both liquid and capsule forms.
Linseed Oil is commonly used as a drying oil in the production of paints and coatings.

Linseed Oil is particularly valued in oil-based paints because it polymerizes (hardens) when exposed to air, forming a solid, protective film.
This property makes it suitable for use in both artistic and industrial paints.
Linseed Oil is used in wood finishing to protect and enhance the appearance of wooden surfaces.

Linseed Oil can be applied to wooden furniture, floors, and other items to provide a protective, glossy finish.
Artists often use linseed oil as a medium for oil painting.
Linseed Oil can be mixed with pigments to create oil paints with various viscosities and drying times, allowing artists to work with different techniques.

Linseed Oil can be found in cosmetics and personal care products, such as lotions, moisturizers, and hair conditioners.
Linseed Oil is valued for its moisturizing and skin-nourishing properties.
Linseed Oil is used as a dietary ingredient in traditional dishes.

Ground flaxseeds and linseed oil may be added to foods for their nutritional value.
Linseed Oil has been used in machinery and mechanical applications, including lubrication.

However, its use for this purpose has declined with the availability of more advanced lubricants.
Beyond Linseed Oil is potential dietary benefits, linseed oil is also used in complementary and alternative medicine for various purposes, including natural remedies for conditions like constipation and inflammation.

Melting point: -24.0℃
Boiling point: >316 °C
Density: 0.93 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
refractive index: n20/D 1.4795(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: room temp
form: neat
Odor: bland
Stability: Stable, but polymerizes gradually upon exposure to air. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Reacts violently with chlorine. Material such as rags impregnated with linseed oil may spontaneously combust after a long induction period due to gradual exothermic reaction with oxygen.
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: LINSEED OIL
FDA 21 CFR: 181.26
EWG's Food Scores: 1

Linseed Oil is known for its potential health benefits. It is a good source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is an omega-3 fatty acid.
ALA has been associated with a reduced risk of heart disease and may help lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
Some people take linseed oil as a dietary supplement for these potential health benefits.

Linseed Oil has been used as a natural remedy for digestive issues. It may help alleviate constipation when consumed, particularly when taken with water.
Linseed Oil is not suitable for cooking due to its low smoke point, there are some processed varieties known as "linseed oil varnish" that have a higher smoke point.
These are used for coating cookware, providing a non-stick surface, and for seasoning cast iron pans.

In addition to its use in cosmetics and personal care products, linseed oil is sometimes applied topically to the skin to soothe dryness and skin irritations.
Linseed Oil can be used as a natural moisturizer.
Linseed oil is a good source of polyunsaturated fats, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, but it is also high in calories.

Linseed Oil is important to consume it in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
Linseed oil is closely related to ground flaxseeds. Ground flaxseeds are also a popular dietary addition, and they provide similar nutritional benefits, including fiber and omega-3 fatty acids.
They can be added to foods like yogurt, cereal, or smoothies.

There are different varieties of linseed oil, including cold-pressed, expeller-pressed, and refined varieties.
Cold-pressed linseed oil is often considered a higher-quality option because it is produced without the use of heat, which can help preserve more of the oil's natural flavor and nutrients.
Some individuals may be allergic to linseed oil.

Linseed oil is susceptible to oxidation and can become rancid if not stored properly.
Linseed Oil should be kept in a cool, dark place and refrigerated if possible to extend its shelf life.
Linseed Oil is used as an ingredient in traditional dishes.

Linseed Oil may be drizzled over salads or used as a dressing for various culinary preparations.
Linseed oil can be applied to wood without the need for complex surface prep.
Linseed Oil’s an ecological and natural alternative to varnish on both indoor and outdoor surfaces owing to its protective properties.

In fact, in terms of quality and cost, Linseed Oil is probably the most attractive alternative wood oil product on the market.
Linseed oil is useful for protecting wood surfaces, but it is not a paint.
Linseed Oil has waterproofing capacity, but it does not protect from dirt or intense sunlight (though some manufacturers add UV protection to their formulations).

Linseed oil works well on wood with a natural or rustic finish and on exotic woods, and it holds up on poorly maintained wood and wood that is exposed to high levels of friction.
Linseed Oil react with acids to liberate heat.
Heat is also generated by interaction with caustic solutions.

Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.
React with oxygen in the air to harden.

Can react with air fast enough to cause ignition of near-by combustible material if the heat builds up in an unventilated space (called "spontaneous combustion" in oily rags).
Linseed oil, also called flaxseed oil, edible and industrial vegetable oil made from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum).

Flaxseeds and food-grade linseed oil (called flaxseed oil in some places) are considered to have health benefits and are ingested as a food.
Lower quality linseed oil, which typically has a less pleasant flavour and smell, is used for a variety of industrial purposes.

Uses:
The botanical properties of linseed oil are listed as emollient, antiinflammatory, and healing.
Derived from the flax plant seed, the oil is obtained by expression with little or no heat.
Linseed oil is a drying oil, meaning it can oxidise into a solid form.

Due to this property, linseed oil is used on its own or blended with other oils, resins, and solvents as an impregnator and varnish in wood finishing, as a pigment binder in oil paints, as a plasticizer and hardener in putty, and in the manufacture of linoleum.
Linseed oil is still widely used for the finishing and refinishing of furniture and timber products.

Most applications of linseed oil exploit its drying properties, i.e., the initial material is liquid or at least pliable and the aged material is rigid but not brittle.
The water-repelling (hydrophobic) nature of the resulting hydrocarbon-based material is advantageous.
Linseed oil is the carrier used in oil paint.

Linseed Oil can also be used as a painting medium, making oil paints more fluid, transparent and glossy.
Linseed Oil is available in varieties such as cold-pressed, alkali-refined, sun-bleached, sun-thickened, and polymerised (stand oil).
The introduction of linseed oil was a significant advance in the technology of oil painting.

Traditional glazing putty, consisting of a paste of chalk powder and linseed oil, is a sealant for glass windows that hardens within a few weeks of application and can then be painted over.
The durability of putty is owed to the drying properties of linseed oil.
When used as a wood finish, linseed oil dries slowly and shrinks little upon hardening.

A linseed oil finish is easily scratched and liquid water penetrates a linseed oil finish in mere minutes, and water vapour bypasses it almost completely.
Garden furniture treated with linseed oil may develop mildew.
Oiled wood may be yellowish and is likely to darken with age.

Even though the oil feels dry to the touch, studies show linseed oil does not fully cure.
Linseed oil is a common finish for wooden items, though very fine finish may require months to obtain.
Studies show the fatty-acid structure of linseed oil has problems cross-linking and oxidizing, frequently turning black.

Boiled linseed oil is used as sizing in traditional oil gilding to adhere sheets of gold leaf to a substrate (parchment, canvas, Armenian bole, etc.).
Linseed Oil has a much longer working time than water-based size and gives a firm smooth surface that is adhesive enough in the first 12–24 hours after application to cause the gold to attach firmly to the intended surface.
Linseed oil is used to bind wood dust, cork particles, and related materials in the manufacture of the floor covering linoleum.

After its invention in 1860 by Frederick Walton, linoleum, or "lino" for short, was a common form of domestic and industrial floor covering from the 1870s until the 1970s, when it was largely replaced by PVC ("vinyl") floor coverings.
However, since the 1990s, linoleum is returning to favor, being considered more environmentally sound than PVC.
Linoleum has given its name to the printmaking technique linocut, in which a relief design is cut into the smooth surface and then inked and used to print an image.

The results are similar to those obtained by woodcut printing.
Linseed oil is consumed as a dietary supplement due to its high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid.
Linseed Oil is often taken in capsule form or added to foods and beverages to support heart health and provide anti-inflammatory benefits.

Artists use linseed oil as a medium for oil painting. It is mixed with pigments to create oil paints with various viscosities and drying times, allowing artists to work with different techniques and achieve desired effects.
Linseed oil is used to finish and protect wooden surfaces, such as furniture, floors, and woodworking projects.
Linseed Oil enhances the natural beauty of the wood and provides a protective finish.

In the industrial sector, linseed oil is used as a drying oil in the production of oil-based paints, varnishes, and coatings.
Linseed Oil polymerizes when exposed to air, forming a solid and durable film.
Linseed oil is an ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products like lotions, moisturizers, and hair conditioners.

Linseed Oil is valued for its skin-nourishing and moisturizing properties.
Some people use linseed oil for seasoning and maintaining cast iron cookware, creating a non-stick surface and protecting the cookware from rust.
In some cultures, linseed oil is used as an ingredient in traditional dishes.

Linseed Oil is drizzled over salads or added to various culinary preparations to provide its nutritional benefits.
Linseed oil is sometimes used in complementary and alternative medicine for its potential health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and supporting digestive health.
Ground flaxseeds and linseed oil are sources of essential nutrients, including fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and lignans.

They are used as nutritional ingredients in a variety of foods, from cereals to smoothies.
A processed variety known as "linseed oil varnish" with a higher smoke point is used for coating cookware, providing a non-stick surface, and seasoning cast iron pans.
Linseed oil is sometimes applied topically to the skin to soothe dryness and skin irritations.

Linseed Oil serves as a natural moisturizer and can be found in skincare products.
Linseed Oil was used for lubrication in machinery and mechanical applications.
However, its use for this purpose has decreased with the availability of more advanced lubricants.

Linseed Oil is often used by woodworkers to create a protective finish on wooden items, such as cutting boards, bowls, and wooden furniture.
Linseed Oil enhances the grain and color of the wood while providing durability.
In historical restoration projects, linseed oil is used to maintain and preserve antique wooden objects and structures.

Linseed Oil can help revitalize and protect old wood surfaces.
Linseed oil has been used to seal and protect natural fibers such as hemp, jute, and sisal.
This application is common in the production of natural fiber ropes and twine.

Linseed oil can be used to seal and protect concrete and masonry surfaces.
Linseed Oil can help reduce water absorption and extend the life of these structures.
In antique restoration and preservation, linseed oil is sometimes used to restore and rejuvenate old leather items, such as saddles, boots, and vintage leather furniture.

In gilding, linseed oil can be used as an adhesive for applying gold or metal leaf to various surfaces, creating a decorative effect.
In holistic and natural medicine, linseed oil has been used for various remedies, including soothing minor skin irritations, promoting hair health, and addressing minor gastrointestinal discomfort.
Linseed oil is sometimes added to animal feed as a dietary supplement for livestock to improve their coat quality and overall health.

Linseed Oil can also be used in pet care products to promote healthy skin and fur.
Historically, linseed oil was used as a fuel for oil lamps, often with added colorants or fragrances.

This application has largely been replaced by more modern fuels.
In traditional crafts and folk art, linseed oil may be used for various purposes, such as weatherproofing handwoven baskets or creating handcrafted items.

Fire Hazard:
Linseed oil is flammable.
If used and stored correctly, there is very little risk of linseed oil spontaneously combusting.
However, the fire hazard increases under certain circumstances.

Be very careful with rags that have been used to apply linseed oil.
In many cases of spontaneous combustion of drying oils the cause has been a pile of oil soaked rags.
As the oil oxidizes it generates heat.

The rags act as an insulator, allowing the heat to build up until the cloth smokes and eventually ignites.
The bigger the pile, the greater the possible heat and the greater the risk.
Linseed Oil used rags should be stored in a metal can with a top and soaked with water to limit the risk of fire since the drying process is exothermic.

Safety Profile:
Linseed oil is non-toxic and completely food-safe.
Linseed Oil is often given as a health supplement in both people and animals, including dogs, horses, and more.
Linseed oil is a drying oil, and it can undergo a chemical reaction with oxygen when exposed to air, which generates heat.

This process can lead to spontaneous combustion if linseed oil-soaked rags or materials are improperly stored or disposed of.
To avoid this hazard, used rags should be spread out to dry in a well-ventilated area or stored in a sealed, airtight container filled with water.
Linseed oil is flammable and should be kept away from open flames, sparks, or other sources of ignition.

Linseed Oil should also be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to linseed oil, particularly when it comes into contact with the skin.
Skin contact with linseed oil may lead to contact dermatitis in susceptible individuals.

Synonyms
Linseed Oil
8001-26-1
Flaxseed Oil
84XB4DV00W
Fats and Glyceridic oils, flaxseed
Fats and Glyceridic oils, linseed
Flax oil
Groco
L-310
Linseed oil, bleached
Oils, glyceridic, flaxseed or linseed
Aceite de Linaza
Acid refined linseed oil
Acidulated linseed soapstock
Bodied linseed oil
Huile de Lin
Leinol
Linseed absolute
Linseed fatty acids, glycerin ester
Linseed oil absolute
Linseed oil extract
Linseed oil fatty acids, glycerol triester
Linseed oil, alkali refined
Linseed oil, wash recovered
Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil
Oleum Lini
Scan-Oil
B1700
Caswell No. 527A
DTXSID2025507
EINECS 232-278-6
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 031603
FLAX SEED OIL (USP-RS)
HSDB 5155
LINSEED OIL (MART.)
LINSEED SEED OIL
Oil, Flaxseed
Oil, Linseed
Oils, linseed
SOLIN OIL
UNII-84XB4DV00W

LIPASE IUPAC Name 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid LIPASE InChI InChI=1S/C16H13NO3S/c18-21(19,20)15-11-5-7-12-6-4-10-14(16(12)15)17-13-8-2-1-3-9-13/h1-11,17H,(H,18,19,20) LIPASE InChI Key FWEOQOXTVHGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N LIPASE Canonical SMILES C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=CC=CC3=C2C(=CC=C3)S(=O)(=O)O LIPASE Molecular Formula C16H13NO3S LIPASE CAS 82-76-8 LIPASE Related CAS 1445-19-8 (mono-hydrochloride) LIPASE Deprecated CAS 54784-66-6 LIPASE European Community (EC) Number 201-438-7 LIPASE NSC Number 1746 LIPASE UNII 630I4V6051 LIPASE DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID7058882 LIPASE 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid Property Name Property Value Reference LIPASE Molecular Weight 299.3 g/mol LIPASE XLogP3-AA 3.5 LIPASE Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 LIPASE Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4 LIPASE Rotatable Bond Count 3 LIPASE Exact Mass 299.061614 g/mol LIPASE Monoisotopic Mass 299.061614 g/mol LIPASE Topological Polar Surface Area 74.8 Ų LIPASE Heavy Atom Count 21 LIPASE Formal Charge 0 LIPASE Complexity 439 LIPASE Isotope Atom Count 0 LIPASE Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 LIPASE Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 LIPASEDefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 LIPASE Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 LIPASE Compound Is Canonicalized Yes LIPASE Hazard Classes and Categories Acute Tox. 4 (78.57%) Skin Irrit. 2 (21.43%) Eye Irrit. 2 (100%) STOT SE 3 (14.29%) Lipase A computer-generated image of a type of pancreatic lipase (PLRP2) from the guinea pig. PDB: 1GPL​.A lipase (/ˈlaɪpeɪs/, /-peɪz/) is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (lipids).Lipases are a subclass of the esterases.Lipases perform essential roles in digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids (e.g. triglycerides, fats, oils) in most, if not all, living organisms. Genes encoding lipases are even present in certain viruses.Most lipases act at a specific position on the glycerol backbone of a lipid substrate (A1, A2 or A3)(small intestine). For example, human pancreatic lipase (HPL), which is the main enzyme that breaks down dietary fats in the human digestive system, converts triglyceride substrates found in ingested oils to monoglycerides and two fatty acids.Several other types of lipase activities exist in nature, such as phospholipases and sphingomyelinases; however, these are usually treated separately from "conventional" lipases.Some lipases are expressed and secreted by pathogenic organisms during an infection. In particular, Candida albicans has many different lipases, possibly reflecting broad-lipolytic activity, which may contribute to the persistence and virulence of C. albicans in human tissue. Contents 1.Structure and catalytic mechanism -> LIPASE 2.Physiological distribution -> LIPASE 3.Human lipases -> LIPASE 4.Industrial uses -> LIPASE 5.Diagnostic use -> LIPASE 6.Medical use -> LIPASE 7.Additional images -> LIPASE 8.See also -> LIPASE 9.References -> LIPASE 10.External links -> LIPASE Structure and catalytic mechanism -> LIPASE A diverse array of genetically distinct lipase enzymes are found in nature, and they represent several types of protein folds and catalytic mechanisms. However, most are built on an alpha/beta hydrolase fold and employ a chymotrypsin-like hydrolysis mechanism using a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile, a histidine base, and an acid residue, usually aspartic acid. Physiological distribution -> LIPASE Lipases are involved in diverse biological processes which range from routine metabolism of dietary triglycerides to cell signaling and inflammation.Thus, some lipase activities are confined to specific compartments within cells while others work in extracellular spaces.In the example of lysosomal lipase, the enzyme is confined within an organelle called the lysosome.Other lipase enzymes, such as pancreatic lipases, are secreted into extracellular spaces where they serve to process dietary lipids into more simple forms that can be more easily absorbed and transported throughout the body.Fungi and bacteria may secrete lipases to facilitate nutrient absorption from the external medium (or in examples of pathogenic microbes, to promote invasion of a new host).Certain wasp and bee venoms contain phospholipases that enhance the effects of injury and inflammation delivered by a sting.As biological membranes are integral to living cells and are largely composed of phospholipids, lipases play important roles in cell biology.Malassezia globosa, a fungus thought to be the cause of human dandruff, uses lipase to break down sebum into oleic acid and increase skin cell production, causing dandruff. Human lipases -> LIPASE The main lipases of the human digestive system are pancreatic lipase (PL) and pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (PLRP2), which are secreted by the pancreas. Humans also have several related enzymes, including hepatic lipase, endothelial lipase, and lipoprotein lipase. Not all of these lipases function in the gut (see table).Name Gene Location Description Disorder bile salt-dependent lipase BSDL pancreas, breast milk aids in the digestion of fats pancreatic lipase PNLIP digestive juice In order to exhibit optimal enzyme activity in the gut lumen, PL requires another protein, colipase, which is also secreted by the pancreas.lysosomal lipase LIPA interior space of organelle: lysosome Also referred to as lysosomal acid lipase (LAL or LIPA) or acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) and Wolman disease are both caused by mutations in the gene encoding lysosomal lipase.[18]hepatic lipase LIPC endothelium Hepatic lipase acts on the remaining lipids carried on lipoproteins in the blood to regenerate LDL (low density lipoprotein).lipoprotein lipase LPL or "LIPD" endothelium Lipoprotein lipase functions in the blood to act on triacylglycerides carried on VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) so that cells can take up the freed fatty acids. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene encoding lipoprotein lipase. hormone-sensitive lipase LIPE intracellular gastric lipase LIPF digestive juice Functions in the infant at a near-neutral pH to aid in the digestion of lipids endothelial lipase LIPG endothelium - -pancreatic lipase related protein 2 PNLIPRP2 or "PLRP2" - digestive juice - pancreatic lipase related protein 1 PNLIPRP1 or "PLRP1" digestive juice Pancreatic lipase related protein 1 is very similar to PLRP2 and PL by amino acid sequence (all three genes probably arose via gene duplication of a single ancestral pancreatic lipase gene). However, PLRP1 is devoid of detectable lipase activity and its function remains unknown, even though it is conserved in other mammals. -lingual lipase ? saliva Active at gastric pH levels. Optimum pH is about 3.5-6. Secreted by several of the salivary glands (Ebner's glands at the back of the tongue (lingua), the sublingual glands, and the parotid glands) -Other lipases include LIPH, LIPI, LIPJ, LIPK, LIPM, LIPN, MGLL, DAGLA, DAGLB, and CEL. There also are a diverse array of phospholipases, but these are not always classified with the other lipases. Industrial uses -> LIPASE Lipases serve important roles in human practices as ancient as yogurt and cheese fermentation. However, lipases are also being exploited as cheap and versatile catalysts to degrade lipids in more modern applications. For instance, a biotechnology company has brought recombinant lipase enzymes to market for use in applications such as baking, laundry detergents and even as biocatalysts in alternative energy strategies to convert vegetable oil into fuel. High enzyme activity lipase can replace traditional catalyst in processing biodiesel, as this enzyme replaces chemicals in a process which is otherwise highly energy intensive, and can be more environmentally friendly and safe. Industrial application of lipases requires process intensification for continuous processing using tools like continuous flow microreactors at small scale. Lipases are generally animal sourced, but can also be sourced microbially[citation needed]. Diagnostic use -> LIPASE Blood tests for lipase may be used to help investigate and diagnose acute pancreatitis and other disorders of the pancreas. Measured serum lipase values may vary depending on the method of analysis. Medical use -> LIPASE Lipase can also assist in the breakdown of fats into lipids in those undergoing pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). It is a key component in Sollpura (Liprotamase). Additional images -> LIPASE Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. Lipases are present in pancreatic secretions and are responsible for fat digestion. There are many different types of lipases; for example, hepatic lipases are in the liver, hormone-sensitive lipases are in adipocytes, lipoprotein lipase is in the vascular endothelial surface, and pancreatic lipase in the small intestine. Understanding lipase is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of fat necrosis and is clinically significant in the understanding of acute and chronic pancreatitis. The role of lipase is also crucial in the mechanism of some medications indicated for lowering cholesterol. This review will explore the function, pathophysiology, and clinical significance of the lipase enzyme. Molecular The lipase group of enzymes is built on alpha and beta hydrolase folds. They work by employing chymotrypsin-like hydrolysis, which uses a histidine base, a serine nucleophile, and aspartic acid. Function -> LIPASE Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. Lipases are present in pancreatic secretions and are responsible for fat digestion. Lipases are enzymes that play a crucial role in lipid transport. There are many different types of lipases; hepatic lipases are in the liver, hormone-sensitive lipases are in adipocytes, lipoprotein lipase is in the vascular endothelial surface, and pancreatic lipase is in the small intestine, each serving individual functions. Hepatic lipase in the liver is responsible for degrading the triglycerides that remain in intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL). Hormone-sensitive lipase is found within fat tissue and is responsible for degrading the triglycerides that are stored within adipocytes. Lipoprotein lipase is found on the vascular endothelial surface and is responsible for degrading triglycerides that circulating from chylomicrons and VLDLs. Pancreatic lipase is found within the small intestine and is responsible for degrading dietary triglycerides. Hepatic lipase plays a crucial role in the formation and delivery of low-density lipoprotein(LDL). LDL is formed by the modification of intermediate density lipoprotein in the peripheral tissue and liver by hepatic lipase. These LDL particles are taken up, or endocytosed, via receptor-mediated endocytosis by target cell tissue. LDL serves to ultimately transport cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissue. Pathophysiology -> LIPASE Fat necrosis occurs enzymatically and non-enzymatically. In acute pancreatitis, saponification of peripancreatic fat occurs. During traumatic events, such as physical injury in breast tissue, non-enzymatic fat necrosis takes place. This is due to the damage to fat cells causing the release of lipase, leading to triglyceride breakdown, and causing the release of fatty acids. These fatty acids are charged negatively and once released in the bloodstream, bind to positively charged calcium ions. This process of salt formation between negatively charged fatty acids and positively charged calcium ions is called saponification.Histologically, saponified cells appear as dead fat cells outlining the tissue, which do not contain peripheral nuclei. Saponification of the fatty acid and calcium ion combined on hematoxylin and eosin staining appears dark blue. Clinical Significance -> LIPASE High levels of serum lipase may be indicative of pancreatitis. In the case of acute pancreatitis, diagnosis is based on results with two of the three criteria. The criteria used for diagnosis include acute epigastric pain radiating to the back, increased serum amylase, or increased lipase levels which are up to three times the upper limit of normal serum lipase levels. The latter is a more specific diagnostic marker than amylase or imaging with CT or MRI. Acute pancreatitis is due to autodigestion of pancreas by pancreatic enzymes, causing surrounding edema around the pancreas. Causes of this pathology include excessive ethanol use, gallstones, trauma, mumps, steroids, autoimmune disease, hypertriglyceridemia with levels above 1000 mg/dL, hypercalcemia, ERCP, Scorpion sting, or drugs such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, or sulfa drugs. Acute pancreatitis can lead to complications including pseudocyst, in which the pancreatic lining is composed of granulation tissue rather than epithelium, necrosis, abscess, infection, hemorrhage, hypocalcemia precipitation of calcium soaps, or organ failure including acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, or renal failure. Elevated serum levels of lipase and amylase may or may not also be present in chronic pancreatitis, in contrast to acute pancreatitis where serum lipase is almost always elevated. Chronic pancreatitis is due to chronic inflammation, calcification, and atrophy of the pancreas. The primary causes of this pathology include chronic alcohol abuse in adults and genetic predisposition such as cystic fibrosis in children. It can also be due to idiopathic causes. Complications of chronic pancreatitis include deficiency of pancreatic enzymes and pseudocysts. Pancreatic insufficiency usually occurs when there is less than ten percent of pancreatic function remaining, due to a deficiency in pancreatic enzymes contained within the pancreas to digest fats such as lipase. This pancreatic enzyme deficiency leads to clinical manifesions of steatorrhea, as fat is not absorbed properly in the small intestine and it is instead excreted. Because of this inability to absorb fats properly, this can also clinically manifest as fat-soluble vitamin deficiency of vitamins A, D, E, and K. Pancreatic insufficiency can also lead to diabetes mellitus, due to lack of sufficient insulin release from pancreatic tissue. Clinically, orlistat is a medication used for weight loss that acts on lipase. Specifically, this medication inhibits pancreatic and gastric lipases. This inhibition of lipase leads to reduced breakdown and absorption of dietary fats. This can lead to side effects as a consequence of decreased absorption of fats, such as decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Side effects also include abdominal pain, frequent bowel movements or bowel urgency, and flatulence.Some cholesterol-lowering medications act on lipases. Fibrates, such as bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, and fenofibrate, work by activating Peroxisome prolifeator-activated receptor alpha(PPAR-alpha), and upregulating lipoprotein lipase, which leads to a decrease in serum triglyceride levels along with induction of increased synthesis of HDL. Fibrates are clinically indicated primarily for lowering triglycerides. Side effects of fibrates include cholesterol gallstones, rhabdomyolysis, especially if used with statins, and increased LDL.Niacin, or vitamin B3, is another cholesterol-lowering medication that acts on lipase. Specifically, lipase acts to inhibit hormone-sensitive lipase, which leads to inhibition of VLDL synthesis in the liver. Niacin is clinically indicated primarily for increasing HDL levels. Side effects erythema and flushing of the upper body, increased glucose levels, increased uric acid levels, acanthosis nigricans, and pruritus.A lipase test measures the level of a protein called lipase in your blood.Lipase helps your body absorb fats. It's released by the pancreas, a long, flat gland between your stomach and spine.When your pancreas is inflamed or injured, it releases more lipase than usual. Your doctor may want to find out the level of this protein in your blood to find how your pancreas is doing.A lipase test may also be referred to as a serum lipase or LPS. What Conditions Can This Test Find? A doctor will order a lipase test if she suspects that you may have acute pancreatitis -- an inflammation of the pancreas that causes abdominal pain.The following symptoms can be a sign of pancreas inflammation:Severe abdominal or back pain,Fever,Loss of appetite,Nausea The test may also be used to monitor your pancreas if you've already been diagnosed with acute (sudden, severe) or chronic (ongoing) pancreatitis. It can find out whether lipase levels are increasing or decreasing. It can also be used to find out whether a treatment is working well.Sometimes, a lipase test will also be used to monitor other conditions including:Peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of your inner abdominal wall) Strangulated or infarcted bowel (bowel that has restricted blood supply) Pancreatic cyst Cystic fibrosis (an inherited disease in which thick mucus can damage organs) Crohn's disease (inflammation of your digestive tract) Celiac disease (triggered by the protein gluten, your immune system attacks your small intestine) How Do I Prepare? If you have a lipase test scheduled ahead of time, you'll need to fast.You'll likely be asked to stop eating or drinking anything other than water for 8 to 12 hours beforehand.Your doctor may also ask you to stop taking some medications that can affect the test results. Be sure she knows all the prescription medications, over-the-counter meds, and supplements you take. What Happens During a Test? In a lipase test, a lab tech will take a small blood sample. He will likely put a band around your upper arm to help make your veins easier to find.He will then insert a needle into one of your veins. After enough blood goes into a tube, the band will come off and he'll take out the needle. He'll put a bandage on where the needle went in. What Do the Results Mean? A high level of lipase in the blood indicates that you may have a condition affecting the pancreas.Normal levels vary slightly between labs, so you and your doctor will look at the ranges given with your results to figure out how your lipase levels compare with the normal.In acute pancreatitis, levels are often 5 to 10 times higher than the highest reference value. Other conditions can also cause slightly increased lipase levels, including: Lipase Tests Email this page to a friend Print Facebook Twitter Pinterest What is a lipase test? Lipase is a type of protein made by your pancreas, an organ located near your stomach. Lipase helps your body digest fats. It's normal to have a small amount of lipase in your blood. But, a high level of lipase can mean you have pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, or another type of pancreas disease. Blood tests are the most common way of measuring lipase. Other names: serum lipase, lipase, LPS What is it used for? A lipase test may be used to: Diagnose pancreatitis or another disease of the pancreas Find out if there is a blockage in your pancreas Check for chronic diseases that affect the pancreas, including cystic fibrosis Why do I need a lipase test? You may need a lipase test if you have symptoms of a pancreas disease. These include: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Severe back pain Severe abdominal pain Fever Loss of appetite You may also need a lipase test if you certain risk factors for pancreatitis. These include: A family history of pancreatitis Diabetes Gallstones High triglycerides Obesity You may also be at a higher risk if you are a smoker or heavy alcohol user. What happens during a lipase test? A lipase test is usually in the form of a blood test. During a blood test, a health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.Lipase can also be measured in urine. Usually, a lipase urine test can be taken at any time of day, with no special preparation needed. Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test? You may need to fast (not eat or drink) for 8-12 hours before a lipase blood test. If your health care provider has ordered a lipase urine test, be sure to ask if you need to follow any special instructions. Are there any risks to the test? There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.There are no known risks to a urine test. What do the results mean? A high level of lipase may indicate: Pancreatitis A blockage in the pancreas Kidney disease Peptic ulcer A problem with your gall bladder A low level of lipase may mean there is damage to cells in the pancreas that make lipase. This happens in certain chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis.If your lipase levels are not normal, it doesn't necessarily mean you have a medical condition needing treatment. Certain medicines, including codeine and birth control pills, can affect your lipase results. If you have questions about your lipase test results, talk to your health care provider. Is there anything else I need to know about a lipase test? A lipase test is commonly used to diagnose pancreatitis. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis is a short-term condition that usually goes away after a few days of treatment. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-lasting condition that gets worse over time. But it can be managed with medicine and lifestyle changes, such as quitting drinking. Your health care provider may also recommend surgery to repair the problem in your pancreas. Lipase lipase (CSL) came out with the highest catalytic activity, thereby suggesting that the catalytic activities depend mainly on the lipase origin. Uses Most people do not need additional lipase. However, people with the following conditions may find lipase supplements helpful. Precautions Side effects may include nausea and stomach upset. High doses of lipase may exacerbate symptoms of cystic fibrosis. Scientists do not know enough about the effects of lipase during pregnancy or breastfeeding, so speak with your doctor before taking lipase. Lipases (triacylglycerol hydrolases E.C. 3.1.1.3) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) to glycerol and fatty acids (FAs). Lipases, together with amylases and proteases, constitute the three major known digestive enzymes. Plants, animals, and microorganisms produce lipases. Animal lipases are found in several different organs, such as the pancreas and digestive tract. Recently, increasingly more attention is being paid to lipases produced by bacteria and fungi. Microbial lipases are relatively stable and are capable of catalyzing a variety of reactions; they are of potential importance for diverse industrial applications. In recent years, information on the mechanistic properties of lipases has become available. In contrast to proteases, lipases share the common feature that the active site is buried in the protein. The lipase-active site is covered by a short amphipathic helix or ‘lid’ of two nearly parallel amphiphathic helices. The lid moves away upon interaction with the substrate. It has been proposed that this conformational change results in the activation of these enzymes at an oil–water interface. Lipases can be defined as esterases that are able to catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain TAGs. Lipases have been used as an ingredient in detergents, and an immobilized 1,3-position-specific lipase was applied for the industrial production of cocoa butter substitute using a fixed-bed bioreactor. The use of lipases has been increasing steadily in the oil and fat industry.Lipases are water-soluble, ester hydrolases that are traditionally defined by their marked preference for apolar, water-insoluble ester substrates. This group of enzymes also includes species referred to as cholesterol esterases. Lipases and cholesterol esterases are distinguished from phospholipases that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl ester bonds of highly amphipathic phospholipids having an sn-glycero-3-phospho-X moiety and from carboxylesterases that hydrolyze polar, water-soluble esters. These distinctions are relative, however, because some lipases exhibit activity toward phospholipids or soluble esters. Typical natural lipase substrates include, in order of amphipathicity, long aliphatic chain acyl esters of cholesterol (cholesteryl esters), triacyl esters of glycerol (triacylglycerols), acyl esters of long chain alcohols (wax esters), diacyl esters of glycerol (diacylglycerols), and monoacyl esters of glycerol. Because lipase substrates tend to be oily and only weakly amphipathic, they reside primarily in a bulk oil phase in preference to the aqueous phase or to the interface, that is, monomolecular surface phase that separates the bulk oil and aqueous phases. It follows, because lipases are water-soluble enzymes, that the site of lipolysis is the quasi-two-dimensional interface. The focus of basic research on lipases has been to understand how a reaction involving such a change in dimensionality can occur and how it is regulated. Medically, lipases are targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of obesity. The focus of applied research with lipases has been to exploit the unusual properties of lipolytic systems for the production of chiral pharmaceuticals, improved detergents, and designer fats.All lipases except BSL and RML were dissolved in distilled water, centrifuged to remove insoluble matter, dialysed against distilled water for three days at 4°C and lyophilised prior to use (crude lipase preparations). Under these conditions no loss of enzymatic activity occurred. BSL was dialysed against 10 mM glycine buffer pH 10 to prevent precipitation. Because RML contains cellulases it was passed over a PD-10 column for desalting.In the dairy industry, lipases are applied to hydrolyze the fats in milk and to impart pleasant flavors to cheeses. The characteristic flavor is the result of fatty acids produced from the free fat released during milk hydrolysis (Jooyandeh et al., 2009). Lipases of microbial and animal origin are used in several enzyme companies. Lipases from animals are processed from lambs and calves, but microbial production of lipase is mainly by bacteria and the fungal sp. Rhizomucor meihei. Both animal and microbial lipases have varied mechanisms of action and food companies use both based on the required cheese flavor.Lipase can be classified into three different classes based on its positional and fatty acid specificity. Most of the lipases belong to sn-1,3 specific lipase. These lipases hydrolyse/esterify fatty acid specifically at the either/both sn-1 and sn-3 position. The sn-2 fatty acids are prevented from binding to the active site of lipase due to steric hindrance effect. Example of this group of lipase includes human pancreatic lipase, Aspergillus niger, Rhizomucor delemar, Rhizomucor miehei, and Mucor javanicus. Meanwhile, another group of lipase which belongs to non-specific lipase catalyses the hydrolysis/esterification of fatty acid in a random manner regardless of its position. Examples of these lipases are Candida rugosa, Corynebacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, lipases showing fatty acid specificity is much less common compared to other groups of lipases. Geotrichum candidum is the most common fatty acid specific lipase that shows preferences toward oleic acid. There are also lipases which show negative specificity. For instance, lipase from Candida cylindracea which discriminates against docosahexanoic acid, G. candidum against γ-linolenate in borage oil and Mucor miehei against polyunsaturated fatty acid GLA and DHA. Lipases of negative selectivity are often being utilized to concentrate and enrich certain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in TAG.Lipase is an enzyme produced, either extra- or intracellular, by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, animals, and plants [4]. Lipase is regioselective as it can hydrolyze triglycerides at R1 and R3, only R2, or nonspecifically. It also has substrate specificity in that the enzyme can differentiate between acyl chains attached to the glycerol, preferentially cleaving certain types [4]. For the production of biodiesel, either extra- or intracellular lipases can be used. Extracellular lipases are the most commonly studied; they are often immobilized on carriers for industrial use [4]. This attachment to carriers allows them to be recovered and recycled.Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in lipid substrates and play a vital role in digestion and the transport and processing of dietary lipids substrate (Svendsen, 2000). Lipases catalyze the biochemical reaction like esterification, interesterification, and transesterification in nonaqueous media which frequently hydrolyze triglycerides into diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol. Microorganism like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylocococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis are the best sources of lipase enzymes. Lipases are widely used in pharmacological, chemical, and food industries. The commercial applications of lipases in the food industry are the hydrolysis of milk fats, pronounced cheese flavor, low bitterness, and prevention of rancidity.Lipases are amongst the most important biocatalysts that are used to carry out a broad spectrum of organic transformations in both aqueous and nonaqueous media to generate biologically relevant organic molecules of potential practical interest, both in research laboratories and in industry. Lipases have the remarkable ability to carry out a wide variety of chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective transformations, and also have very broad substrate specificity. The present chapter offers a recent update on the lipase-catalyzed organic transformations reported during 2013–mid-2015. This overview reflects the biocatalytic efficacy of the enzyme in carrying out various types of organic reactions, including esterifications, transesterifications, additions, ring-closing, oxidation, reduction, amidation, and many others. Ease of handling, broad substrate tolerance, high stability towards temperatures and solvents, high enantioselectivity, convenient commercial availability, and reusability are the key advantages of choosing lipase as a biocatalyst in a huge number of organic transformations. The author hopes that this overview should boost ongoing research in chemoenzymatic organic transformations, particularly the biocatalyic applications of lipases. It is noteworthy that each lipase has its own unique properties, and that fine-tuning of any methodology employing lipases to suit the individual enzyme should be screened carefully. To widen the usage level of lipases, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms behind the lipase-catalyzed reactions in more depth. Protein engineering of lipases and the further improvement of lipase preparations and reaction methodology have great potential to generate even better bioconversions in the future.

Liquid paraffin, also known as mineral oil, is a transparent, colorless, odorless, or almost odorless, oily liquid composed of saturated hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.
Liquid paraffin typically contains 15 to 40 carbons and has a density of approximately 0.8 grams per centimeter cubed (g/cm³).
Liquid paraffin is a common ingredient in a variety of products with a wide range of uses, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, lubricants, and as a base for nasal sprays.

CAS Number: 8042-47-5
EC Number: 232-455-8
Molecular Formula: C20H42​
Molar Mass: 282.536g/mol

Synonyms: Liquid paraffin (petroleum), Slab oil (Obs.), Mineral oil, white, Liquid paraffin, petroleum, Liquid paraffin, (petroleum), [ChemIDplus] Paraffinum liquidum, Paraffin oil, CLAIRSOL 370, CLAIRSOL 430, CLAIRSOL 440, Hydrocarbon oils, Mineral oil, Ondina/Risella, PARASET 26 L, PARASET 29 L, PARASET 32 L, PILOT 261, PILOT 291, ROLLSOLV 100, White oil, Medicinal white oil, Technical white oil, Liquid paraffin, Weissoel, Pharmacytical White Oil, Marcol 52,82,172, Primol 187,352, Plastol 135, Bayol 82, [IUCLID], coal oil, kerosene, kerosine, lamp oil, c15-50 Alkanes, CAS: 8042-47-5 EC:232-455-8, highly refined and hydrogenated mineral oil, Highly refined base oils, Hydrotreated highly refined base oil, industrial oil, MINERAL OIL, paraffin oil, paraffin oil (C17-C30), Paraffin oils. Liquid hydrocarbons from petroleum, petroleum, Renoil (TM) white mineral oil, WHITE MINERAL OIL, Saturated hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C15 through C50

Liquid paraffin or mineral oil is a transparent, colourless, odourless, or almost odourless, oily liquid composed of saturated hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.
Liquid paraffin is any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of higher alkanes from a mineral source, particularly a distillate of petroleum, as distinct from usually edible vegetable oils.

The name 'Liquid paraffin' by itself is imprecise, having been used for many specific oils over the past few centuries.
Other names, similarly imprecise, include 'white oil', 'paraffin oil', 'liquid paraffin' (a highly refined medical grade), paraffinum liquidum (Latin), and 'liquid petroleum'.
Baby oil is a perfumed Liquid paraffin.

Most often, Liquid paraffin is a liquid by-product of refining crude oil to make gasoline and other petroleum products.
This type of Liquid paraffin is a transparent, colorless oil, composed mainly of alkanes and cycloalkanes, related to petroleum jelly.

Liquid paraffin has a density of around 0.8–0.87 g/cm3 (0.029–0.031 lb/cu in).
Liquid paraffin, more technically known as pharmaceutical white and technical Liquid paraffin, are highly refined Liquid paraffin consisting of highly non-polar paraffinic hydrocarbons.
Due to their colourless, odourless, tasteless and hydrophobic properties, Liquid paraffins are used in many different industries with the cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemistry and plastics and rubber industries leading the field in usage.

Liquid paraffin is a common ingredient in a variety of products with a wide-range of uses.
Liquid paraffin comes in various forms, but pure Liquid paraffin is colorless and odorless.

Liquid paraffin is also referred to as paraffin oil, liquid paraffin, liquid petroleum, and saturated hydrocarbons.
Liquid paraffin written both with and without the adjectives "light" and "white."
The term Liquid paraffin most often refers to a byproduct of the distillation of petroleum as occurs during the production of gasoline and other petroleum-based substances.

Liquid paraffin is not to be confused with 'mineral spirits', as they are very different types of products.
Liquid paraffin is made up primarily of alkanes and cyclic paraffin, which is related to petroleum jelly.

Liquid paraffin typically contains 15 to 40 carbons and has a density of approximately 0.8 grams per centimeter cubed (g/cm3).
While those three sectors use this element most widely, Liquid paraffin has a variety of other applications.

Liquid paraffin is a standard household item, but has also found uses in some niche markets.
Liquid paraffin is versatile and has many properties making Liquid paraffin useful in a range of applications.

Liquid Paraffin is an emollient (substance that softens or soothes the skin).
Liquid paraffin works by preventing water loss from the outer layer of skin.
This relieves dryness and leaves the skin soft and hydrated.

Liquid paraffin (petrolatum) is a highly refined distilled fraction of petroleum that contains a mixture of liquid saturated hydrocarbons Sweetman.
Liquid paraffin is used as a laxative Sharif et al (2001), a lubricant, and as a base for nasal sprays.

Other paraffins, such as soft white paraffin, are semi-solid mixtures of hydrocarbons and are used as ointment bases and lubricants.
As a result of Liquid paraffins side effects and the availability of better products, liquid paraffin is not recommended for routine use.
Liquid paraffin is available without prescription.

Liquid paraffin has a variety of names that correspond towards the intended use of the oil.
The general, and interchangeable, names are white oil and mineral oil.

A few other names include paraffinum perliquidum, paraffin oil, liquid paraffin, and liquid petroleum.
Liquid paraffin is a colorless and odorless mixture of higher alkanes from a mineral source.

Liquid paraffin source is usually from a distillate of petroleum.
Liquid paraffins are highly refined mineral oils, and are composed of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic nonpolar hydrocarbons.

They are odorless, tasteless, colorless, hydrophobic, and don’t change their color over time.
Liquid paraffin is biologically and chemically stable, and doesn’t support pathogenic bacterial growth, which makes Liquid paraffin the standard choice of oil in most industries.

Liquid paraffin is tasteless, transparent, colorless, non-fluorescent and oily hydrocarbon blend, which includes saturated hydrocarbons that come from the distillation of light fractions.
They are used in different ways, which include refining crude petroleum.

The hydrogeneration methods are also used in distillation, and this process is used to remove the Sulphur compounds, unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and aromatic compounds from the oil.
The best thing about while mineral oil is that Liquid paraffin doesn’t dissolve in alcohol or water, but dissolves in organic solvents like benzene, and chloroform.

Liquid paraffin is known as white mineral oil because of Liquid paraffins transparent and colorless structure, and goes by the name of liquid paraffin or paraffin.
Liquid paraffin is also labelled as pharma grade or technical based on Liquid paraffins chemical composition.

An indispensable material for cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
There are a lot of industries that use Liquid paraffin, which includes the plastics, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries.

In the cosmetic industry, the oil is used sole as an auxiliary or primary material in the manufacture of bath oils, depilatories, makeup removers, makeup products, sun protection creams, sun tanning products, baby oil, lotion formulations, and creams.
In the pharmaceutical industry, the oil is used in the manufacture of gelatin capsules, ointment and pomade formulations, and laxatives.

In the veterinary drug industry, the oil is used for the manufacture of animal vaccines.
The Liquid paraffin that is used in the drug and cosmetics industry can’t contain any hazardous substances that may harm human health and must be pharma grade.

The raw materials added to the products should meet the international and national cosmetic regulations, along with pharma copies like USP/NF, PH. Eur., since the product is applied directly or indirectly on to the body.
Liquid paraffin doesn’t stay for long in the body as Liquid paraffin doesn’t have any chemical group, and is therefore removed from the body naturally.

Liquid paraffin is widely used in the food industry.
Liquid paraffin is commonly used in the food industry, and is favored in some food processes, especially in the manufacture of lubricating oils used by drink and food producers.
The lubricating oil used in food manufacturing plants can come in contact with the compressor oils, gear oils, hydraulic system oils, greases, and food product.

That is why Liquid paraffin are preferred, since they can minimize serious health risks.
All products that include Liquid paraffin are strictly monitored, and must obtain the necessary certificates and meet the relevant conditions.

The elastomer and plastics industry also uses Liquid paraffin heavily, as Liquid paraffin is used in the production of thermoplastic rubber, polystyrene, and PVC.
Apart from that, Liquid paraffin also feature heavily in common products like toys, glues, lamp oil, cleaning products, wood products, polishes, and glossing products.

The range of products that use Liquid paraffin is expected to increase in the future, with growing human needs and advancing technology playing a major role in that.
There is no denying that Liquid paraffin is among the most common oils used and consumed on the planet, and Liquid paraffin popularity and uses are only going to increase in the future.
Liquid paraffin is found in everything from a children’s toy, to a sunscreen cream, and is bound to be in everything that you use and consume in your daily life.

Liquid paraffins have a long history of safe use by humans in orally ingested and topically applied products.
A re-evaluation of the use of certain mineral hydrocarbons in the preparation of food items by regulators in the UK, however, has prompted additional safety studies and a critical assessment of the toxicological effects of Liquid paraffin.
As Liquid paraffin are present in many topically applied drug and non-drug products, Liquid paraffin is of interest to review the toxicological effects of Liquid paraffin produced by this route of exposure.

Liquid paraffins that are low grade are toxic, and the best thing to do is look at the different grades and viscosities of these Liquid paraffins.
That depends on their purposes, which are different in industrial, electrical, mechanical, cosmetics, and biomedicine uses.

Medical grade Liquid paraffin are safe to be used as lubricant laxatives, which have been used to ease constipation for people.
They are great for treating chronic constipation, but the potential side effects should also be considered.

The industrial grade Liquid paraffin are commonly used in electric power, petroleum chemical, chemical fiber, textile, and the agriculture industries.
They are used as machine lubricants.
The cosmetic grade Liquid paraffin are used as makeup removers or are used in skincare and cosmetic products like ointments, creams, or lotions to increase skin health.

Liquid paraffin is a clear liquid carrier that can also be found in a wide variety of cosmetics, personal care and household products.
A carrier does just what Liquid paraffin sounds like - Liquid paraffin helps carry a product to a surface by thinning or thickening the formula or simply ensuring even distribution of the other ingredients in the formula.

We use Liquid paraffin because without a carrier, the product would not work with the same consistency across a surface.
Liquid paraffin can also be used as a cleaning agent, or "surfactant," that removes dust, dirt and soils, or as a stabilizer that helps maintain a product formula when exposed to air, light or heat, or as a defoaming agent that helps reduce the formation of foam to avoid defects on surface coating post-use.

Applications of Liquid paraffin:
Liquid paraffins are the best for use as a blending base for pharmaceutical products and personal care, but Liquid paraffin is their inert nature that makes them so beneficial.
Liquid paraffins resist moisture, extend, soften, smoothen, and lubricate in most formulations.

You can easily find NF grade and USP grade Liquid paraffin in most products, typically antibiotics, tissues, sunscreens, lotions, and baby oils.
The plastics industry also uses Liquid paraffins, typically in the product of polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefins, and polystyrene.

This is done to control and improve the melt flow rate of finished polymer for releasing properties or changing Liquid paraffins physical characteristics.
The food grade Liquid paraffin are used in pan oils and dough dividers to suppress dust in grain silos, and they are also used as lubricants in food-handling equipment, for controlling foam in vinegar production, beet sugar, improving the leather tanning process and in food wrapping paper to keep foods crisp in packaging.

Pure Liquid paraffin is registered by NSF as been food safe when been in both incidental and direct contact with food, therefore this makes the product an ideal choice for the treatment of wooden chopping boards, food preparation areas, wooden bowls, bread & cheese boards as well as kitchen & dining utensils to protect blades etc.
The product may also be utilised as a release agent to prevent food from adhering to surfaces and blades on slicing machines.
Due to Liquid paraffins high pure, non-toxic, odourless characteristics the product may also be used as a skin lotion, in home reed diffusers, hair clipper blades, internal hinges and in aromatherapy.

Liquid paraffins are integral to many applications throughout a breadth of industries.
Liquid paraffin is also known as white oil, mineral oil, liquid petroleum, paraffin oil, liquid paraffin and paraffinum.

At a glance, Liquid paraffin are odorless and colorless.
These ultra-pure, refined mineral oils are a mixture of paraffinic isoalkanes and naphthenic molecules.

Liquid paraffin is used as a blending base in a variety of applications, including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food and general industry.

While those three sectors use this element most widely, Liquid paraffin has a variety of other applications.
Liquid paraffin is a standard household item, but has also found uses in some niche markets.
Liquid paraffin is versatile and has many properties making Liquid paraffin useful in a range of applications.

Liquid paraffin is used as a laxative to alleviate constipation by retaining water in stool and the intestines.
Although generally considered safe, as noted above, there is a concern of mist inhalation leading to serious health conditions such as pneumonia.

Liquid paraffin can be administered either orally or as an enema.
Liquid paraffin is sometimes used as a lubricant in enema preparations as most of the ingested material is excreted in the stool rather than being absorbed by the body.

Liquid paraffin is inert, which makes Liquid paraffin easy to use.
Both consumers and businesses in a range of industries use Liquid paraffin for a variety of applications.

The three sectors named above primarily use Liquid paraffin, but Liquid paraffin appears across a wide range of industries and applications.
Here are some of the most common uses in the industrial, personal care, and food production sectors.

A mixture of highly refined paraffinic and naphthenic liquid hydrocarbons with boiling point above 200°.
Obtained from mineral crude oils through various refining steps (eg. distillation, extraction and crystallisation) and subsequent purification by acid and/or catalytic hydrotreatment.

May contain antioxidants approved for food use.
DESCRIPTION Colourless, transparent and odourless oily liquid, without fluorescence in daylight.

Liquid paraffin make an ideal blending base for personal care and pharmaceutical products.
Their inert nature makes them easy to use, as they lubricate, smooth, soften, extend and resist moisture in many formulations.

You can find our USP and NF grade Liquid paraffin in products ranging from baby oils and lotions to sunscreens, tissues and antibiotics.
The plastics industry uses our Hydrobrite line of low-volatility Liquid paraffin in the production of plastics such as polystyrene, polyolefins, thermoplastic elastomers, and various other polymers to improve and control the melt flow rate of the finished polymer to provide release properties, or change the physical characteristics.

Our food grade Liquid paraffin have proven themselves in food applications as wide ranging as dough divider and pan oils to dust suppression in grain silos.
They lubricate food-handling equipment, impregnate wrapping paper to keep foods crisp, control foam in beet sugar and vinegar production, and enhance the leather tanning process.
As one of the leading hot melt adhesive manufacturers, our low pour-point naphthenic grades improve hot melt adhesives and lubricate air conditioner and refrigerator compressors.

Some other applications for Liquid paraffin in general include:
Liquid paraffin is being used as a brake fluid,
The use of Liquid paraffin as a principle fuel in some scented candles,
As a honing oil when sharpening edge tools,
Liquid paraffin being an inexpensive alternative for storing reactive metals,
Liquid paraffin being used within adhesives.
And as an anti-rust agent for blades.
Biomedicine,
Laxative.

Uses of Liquid paraffin:
Liquid paraffin is used to relieve dry, irritated eyes.
Common causes for dry eyes include wind, sun, heating/air conditioning, computer use/reading, and certain medications.

Liquid paraffin may contain 1 or more of the following ingredients: carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, glycerin, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), polysorbate, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, or propylene glycol, among others.
Eye lubricants keep the eye moist, help to protect the eye from injury and infection, and decrease symptoms of dry eyes such as burning, itching, and feeling as if something is in the eye.

Liquid paraffin can act as a non-conductive coolant, thermal fluid, lubricant, release agent, binder, defoamer, protective coating or float, sealing and polishing agent, dust control agent, and more.

Liquid paraffin has applications in three main areas:
Liquid paraffins are colorless, odorless, tasteless mixtures of saturated paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons which meet or exceed FDA 21 CFR 172.878, 178.3620(a) and NF or USP requirements.
Liquid paraffins are available in a broad range of viscosities ranging from 55-550 SUS@40°C and are exceptionally suited as ingredients in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, food environments where direct or indirect contact with food may occur and in applications where odor and staining must be minimized.
Custom formulations of Liquid paraffin may be available to meet specific criteria such as smoke, flash and pour points upon request.

Industry Uses:
Liquid paraffins are food- and medical-grade, making them popular in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries.
This type of Liquid paraffin can be safely used as a lubricating agent in food processing plants as Liquid paraffin is approved for food contact.
This allows manufacturing without concern of contamination of the products that can happen with less pure standard lubricants.

Liquid paraffin are also popular in the plastics and rubber manufacturing industries.
They help with the softening of rubber products and are essential in the production of polystyrene, PVC and different types of rubbers.

This is critical for producing food packaging and utensils out of plastic.
Liquid paraffin can also be readily found in glues, cleaning products, polishes and plastic toys.
The range of uses for Liquid paraffin has only grown in the past couple of decades, and Liquid paraffin is expected to keep growing in the future with the focus on protecting the public.

The process oils commonly found in rubber manufacturing typically have a viscosity between 70 and 1,500 SUS at 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
Liquid paraffin distributors typically offer a range of Liquid paraffin products that vary in viscosity, as you’ll see below.

Food-Grade Liquid paraffin:
To use Liquid paraffin in food preparation, Liquid paraffin must be classified as a food-grade mineral oil.
This is vital for health and safety as well as legal compliance.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established standards any 'food-grade' substance must meet for both direct additions to foods and uses that may result in incidental contact with food.
The requirements for purity, amount used, and processes vary based on how one uses Liquid paraffin.

The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and the National Formulary (NF) first created guidelines for the use of Liquid paraffin in manufacturing.
The FDA requires that food-grade Liquid paraffin meet USP XX test requirements for readily carbonizable substances, which USP released in 1980, and USP XVII test requirements for sulfur compounds.
Liquid paraffin also needs to meet the specifications in Volume 45 of the Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

Liquid paraffin used as a lubricant for food-processing machinery must be registered with NSF International, an independent global food safety organization, as lubricants for incidental food contact to be used in food-processing plants under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Liquid paraffin can also receive Kosher certification.

Other organizations oversee Liquid paraffin use in other industries.
For example, the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) governs Liquid paraffins use as a dust control agent for animal feeds.

This classification is different, however, from food-grade Liquid paraffin.
Liquid paraffin used in the production of pharmaceuticals must be considered pharmaceutical-grade.
The cosmetics and medical industry use highly refined Liquid paraffin to avoid irritating the skin, eyes, and other body parts.

Liquid paraffin Carrier Oil is a multipurpose odourless oil and can be used in aromatherapy/mouldings/butchers block oil/home reed diffusers and many other uses.
Liquid paraffin absorbs into the skin leaving a very light feeling of oil.

The food processing and preparation industries frequently use Liquid paraffin.
Sometimes, manufacturers add Liquid paraffin directly to food.

At other times, Liquid paraffin assists in the production process but is not added to food directly.
As mentioned earlier, all Liquid paraffin that may come into contact with food must achieve classification as food-grade, and Liquid paraffin must be used in accordance with all relevant laws and regulations.

Liquid paraffin plays a role in some of the non-food products used to prepare, serve, and eat food.
In these situations, the oil should also be food-grade.

When applied to cookware, bakeware, and cooking utensils, Liquid paraffin prevents food from sticking to them.
People rub Liquid paraffin onto the surface of wooden cutting boards, bowls, and utensils to prevent them from absorbing water, which can damage them.

Liquid paraffin also prevents wood-based cooking tools from absorbing food liquids and odors, which makes cleaning easier.
Liquid paraffin acts as a lubricant for food processing equipment as well.

Food Producers Use Liquid paraffin As:
As a Binder, release agent, or lubricant in bakery products, dehydrated foods, egg white solids, and in tablets or capsules for adding nutrients, flavoring, spices, or for use as a dietary supplement.

As a release agent, sealing agent, and polishing agent in confectioners.
As a protective coating on raw fruits and vegetables.

As a defoamer in vinegar and beet sugar production.
As a dough divider.

As a dust control agent for grains.
As a binder, release agent, and lubricant in the manufacturing of yeast.

In Personal lubricant:
Liquid paraffin is recommended by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine for use as a fertility-preserving vaginal lubrication.
However, Liquid paraffin is known that oils degrade latex condoms.

In Cell Culture:
Liquid paraffin of special purity is often used as an overlay covering microdrops of culture medium in petri dishes, during the culture of oocytes and embryos in IVF and related procedures.

The use of Liquid paraffin several advantages over the open culture system:
Liquid paraffin allows for several oocytes and embryos to be cultured simultaneously, but observed separately, in the same dish.
Liquid paraffin minimizes concentration and pH changes by preventing evaporation of the medium.

Liquid paraffin allows for a significant reduction of the medium volume used (as few as 20 microlitres (0.0012 cu in) per oocyte instead of several millilitres for the batch culture).
And Liquid paraffin serves as a temperature buffer minimizing thermal shock to the cells while the dish is taken out of the incubator for observation.

In Veterinary:
Over-the-counter veterinarian-use Liquid paraffin is intended as a mild laxative for pets and livestock.
Certain Liquid paraffin are used in livestock vaccines, as an adjuvant to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response to the vaccinating agent.

In the poultry industry, plain Liquid paraffin can also be swabbed onto the feet of chickens infected with scaly mites on the shank, toes, and webs.
Liquid paraffin suffocates these tiny parasites.

In beekeeping, food grade Liquid paraffin-saturated paper napkins placed in hives are used as a treatment for tracheal and other mites.
Liquid paraffin is also used along with a cotton swab to remove un-shed skin (ashes) on reptiles such as lizards and snakes.

In Cosmetics:
Liquid paraffin is a common ingredient in baby lotions, cold creams, ointments, and cosmetics.
Liquid paraffin is a lightweight inexpensive oil that is odorless and tasteless.

Liquid paraffin can be used on eyelashes to prevent brittleness and breaking and, in cold cream, is also used to remove creme make-up and temporary tattoos.
One of the common concerns regarding the use of Liquid paraffin is Liquid paraffins presence on several lists of comedogenic substances.

These lists of comedogenic substances were developed many years ago and are frequently quoted in the dermatological literature.
The type of highly refined and purified Liquid paraffin found in cosmetic and skincare products is noncomedogenic (does not clog pores).
Pharmaceutical Liquid paraffin are used in the cosmetics industry to form the basis of many widely used product formulations, including skin care cream, cleaning cream, beauty lotion, baby oil and hair care products.

You can find Liquid paraffin in many different cosmetics products including baby lotions, ointment, make-up remover, sunscreens, hair conditioner, and even tissues.
Liquid paraffin is an ideal base material for many of these products because Liquid paraffin is inert, colorless, and odorless.
Liquid paraffin may appear in cosmetics as liquid oils or solid waxes.

Some kinds of Liquid paraffin are comedogenic, meaning they clog pores.
Because of this, the Liquid paraffin used in skincare and cosmetic products is noncomedogenic and does not clog pores.

In fact, cosmetics companies often describe Liquid paraffin as having moisturizing, protective, and cleansing properties for the skin.
Additionally, these oils are used to give cosmetic products film-forming and water-repellent features as well as increased firmness.

Liquid Paraffin is used in the treatment of dry Skin.
Liquid paraffin relieves dry skin conditions such as eczema, ichthyosis and pruritus of the elderly.

In Mechanical, Electrical, And Industrial:
An electrical radiator that uses Liquid paraffin as a heat transfer fluid
Liquid paraffin is used in a variety of industrial/mechanical capacities as a non-conductive coolant or thermal fluid in electric components as Liquid paraffin does not conduct electricity and functions to displace air and water.

Some examples are in transformers, where Liquid paraffin is known as transformer oil, and in high-voltage switchgear, where Liquid paraffin is used as an insulator and as a coolant to disperse switching arcs.
The dielectric constant of Liquid paraffin ranges from 2.3 at 50 °C (122 °F) to 2.1 at 200 °C (392 °F).
Liquid paraffin is used as a lubricant, a cutting fluid, and as a conditioning oil for jute fibres selected for textile production, a process known as 'jute batching'.

Spindle oils are light Liquid paraffin used as lubricants in textile industries.
Electric space heaters sometimes use Liquid paraffin as a heat transfer oil.

Liquid paraffins are used in a variety of applications in the textile industry ranging from fibre lubricant, sewing machine oil and yarn lubrication oil.
Because Liquid paraffin is noncompressible, Liquid paraffin is used as a hydraulic fluid in hydraulic machinery and vehicles.
An often-cited limitation of Liquid paraffin is that Liquid paraffin is poorly biodegradable; in some applications, vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil or rapeseed oil may be used instead.

Liquid paraffin serves to assist with various industrial, mechanical, and electrical purposes.
Liquid paraffin is an effective lubricant for industrial equipment and often functions as a processing aid.

Liquid paraffin is an element that helps make up various substances used in industrial processes, such as lubricants, greases, dyes, polymers, and surface treatment products.
Liquid paraffin also acts as a thermal fluid or non-conductive coolant in various electric components.

In refrigerators and oil-based electric heaters, Liquid paraffin is used as a cooling liquid.
In switchgear, Liquid paraffin serves as an insulator and a coolant to diffuse switching arcs.

In the production of plastics, Liquid paraffin is used to control the melt flow rate of finished polymer and act as a release agent.
Automotive equipment frequently uses Liquid paraffin, primarily as a component in hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, as well as in lubricants in brake fluids and motor oil.

In Drug Industry:
Pharmaceutical Liquid paraffin are used as internal lubricants for laxative applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
In addition, these products are used as bases for ointments and creams, as carriers for solid and semi-solid ingredients and additionally used as a separator on capsules and tablets.

In Food Preparation:
Because of Liquid paraffins properties that prevent water absorption, combined with Liquid paraffin lack of flavor and odor, food grade Liquid paraffin is a popular preservative for wooden cutting boards, salad bowls, and utensils.
Rubbing a small amount of Liquid paraffin into a wooden kitchen item periodically impedes absorption of food liquids, and thereby food odors, easing the process of hygienically cleaning wooden utensils and equipment.

The use of Liquid paraffin to impede water absorption can also prevent cracks and splits from forming in wooden utensils due to wetting and drying cycles.
However, some of the Liquid paraffin used on these items, if in contact with food, will be picked up by Liquid paraffin and therefore ingested.

Outside of the European Union, Liquid paraffin is occasionally used in the food industry, particularly for confectionery.
In this application, Liquid paraffin is typically used for the glossy effect Liquid paraffin produces, and to prevent the candy pieces from adhering to each other.

Liquid paraffin has been discouraged for use in children's foods, though Liquid paraffin is still found in many confectioneries, including Swedish Fish.
The use of food grade Liquid paraffin is self-limiting because of Liquid paraffins laxative effect.
The maximum daily intake is calculated to be about 100 mg (1.5 gr), of which some 80 mg (1.2 gr) are contributed from Liquid paraffins use on machines in the baking industry.

In Agriculture:
Due to Liquid paraffins low toxicity and non-harmful properties making Liquid paraffin safe to use with regards to the environment and human health, Liquid paraffin are used in the production of spray oils to treat and protect fruit trees.

In Chemicals:
Liquid paraffin are used in the chemicals sector, particularly in adhesives, hot-melts, the paper industry and in the production of leather and explosives.

In Plastics & Rubber:
Liquid paraffins are used extensively in the plastics and rubber industry to produce different types of plastics and rubber applications.
Used to control the melt flow rate of input products for Polystyrene (PS), high impact resistance polystyrene (HIPS), polyolefin and thermoplastic elastomer, Liquid paraffins are also used as internal and external lubricant in polymer formulations of PS, PVC, PP, TPE.
Plasticiser, catalyst carrier and mould release and pigment dispersion agents are other applications of Liquid paraffin in this industry.

In Textiles:
Liquid paraffins are used in a variety of applications in the textile industry ranging from fibre lubricant, sewing machine oil and yarn lubrication oil.

Other uses of Liquid paraffin:
Liquid paraffin can be found in a variety of other products, or in the actual production processes of other items.
Liquid paraffin plays a role in the manufacture of leather, paper, pulp, textiles, fur, plastics, fabricated metal, lubricants, greases, and chemicals.

Because Liquid paraffin has applications for so many materials, Liquid paraffin is essential for the production of items as varied as tires, shoes, mobile phones, packaging, clothing, cutlery, and jewelry.
Liquid paraffin is an element in leather treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, and paper chemicals and dyes.

In the medical field, Liquid paraffin can be used to relieve constipation and as a lubricant in enema preparation.
In veterinary medicine, Liquid paraffin is also used as a mild laxative, an ingredient in vaccines, and to remove any unshed skin from reptiles.

In laboratories, researchers may use tiny amounts of the substance to cover culture medium in petri dishes to prevent evaporation and thermal shock.
In biotechnology, Liquid paraffin overlays polymerase chain reactions to prevent water loss during heating.
In X-ray crystallography, the study of crystals using X-ray technology, Liquid paraffin is used to suspend crystals.

Liquid paraffin's ubiquity has led to Liquid paraffins use in some niche applications as well:
Liquid paraffin is used for treating and preserving wooden butcher block counter tops.

Liquid paraffin is commonly used to create a wear effect on new clay poker chips, which can otherwise be accomplished only through prolonged use.
Either the chips are placed in Liquid paraffin for a short time, or the oil is applied to each chip then rubbed off.

This removes any chalky residue left over from manufacture, and also improve the look and feel of the chips.
Liquid paraffin is used as the principal fuel in some types of gel-type scented candles.

Liquid paraffin is used for cooling, such as in the liquid submersion cooling of components in some custom-built computers.
Veterinarian-grade Liquid paraffin is inexpensive, and is frequently used by amateur radio operators as coolant in RF dummy loads, as Liquid paraffin is typically used as the insulating and cooling fluid in large electrical equipment such as transformers.

Liquid paraffin is used as a brake fluid in some cars, such as Citroën models with hydrodynamic suspension, and bicycle disc brakes.
Liquid paraffin is burned in specialized machines (both manufactured and home-made) to produce a thick white smoke that is then blown into automotive evaporative emissions (EVAP) systems to find leaks.

Liquid paraffin is used for polishing alabaster in stonework and lubricating and cleaning pocket knives or food handling tools that use an open bearing, thus needing periodic lubrication.
Light Liquid paraffin (paraffinum perliquidum) is used as a honing oil when sharpening edge tools (such as chisels) on abrasive oil stones.

Liquid paraffin USP or light Liquid paraffin can be used as an anti-rust agent for blades.
Liquid paraffin is an inexpensive alternative for storing reactive metals, such as lithium and sodium.

Horticultural oil is often made of a combination of Liquid paraffin and detergent.
Liquid paraffin is sprayed on plants to control scale, aphid, and other pest populations by suffocation.

Before the widespread adoption of thermocyclers with heated lids, Liquid paraffin was common practice to use Liquid paraffin to overlay polymerase chain reactions in biotechnology to prevent loss of water during heating cycles.
Liquid paraffin is often used to suspend crystals for use in X-ray crystallography.

Liquid paraffin is used as a transparent collision material for reactions in particle physics, as in the MiniBooNE neutrino oscillation experiment.
As a relatively low heat combustible with no flavor or odor, Liquid paraffin can be used in fire breathing and firedancing for entertainment, but there is a risk of injury.

Liquid paraffin is commonly used to fill Galileo thermometers.
Due to Liquid paraffin's freezing temp being lower than water (approx. 24 °F (−4 °C)), this makes them less susceptible to freezing during shipment or when stored in a cold environment.

Chemical Formula of Liquid paraffin:
Liquid paraffin coming from crude petroleum oils vary in their make-up and contain complex structures.
Liquid paraffin include mixtures of straight and branched-chain paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Alkanes, which are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons, are a significant component.
Liquid paraffin are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms in a tree structure where all the carbon-to-carbon bonds are single.
Liquid paraffin typically contains between 15 and 40 hydrocarbons.

Manufacturing of Liquid paraffin:
Liquid paraffin are highly refined Liquid paraffin that consist of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic nonpolar hydrocarbons.
They are hydrophobic, colorless, tasteless, odorless, and do not change color over time.

As a leading Liquid paraffin manufacturer and supplier to multiple industries, our Liquid paraffin are chemically and biologically stable, non-comedogenic, and do not support pathogenic bacterial growth.
These properties make Liquid paraffin the standard in many industries.

Nomenclature of Liquid paraffin:
Some of the imprecision in the definition of the names used for Liquid paraffin (such as 'white oil') reflects usage by consumers and merchants who did not know, and usually had no need of knowing, the oil's precise chemical makeup.
Merriam-Webster states the first use of the term "Liquid paraffin" as being 1771.

Prior to the late 19th century, the chemical science to determine the makeup of an oil was unavailable in any case.
A similar lexical situation occurred with the term "white metal".

Liquid paraffin sold widely and cheaply in the US, is not sold as such in Britain.
Instead, British pharmacologists use the terms "paraffinum perliquidum" for light Liquid paraffin and "paraffinum liquidum" or "paraffinum subliquidum" for somewhat more viscous varieties.

The term "paraffinum liquidum" is often seen on the ingredient lists of baby oil and cosmetics.
British aromatherapists commonly use the term "Liquid paraffin".

In lubricating oils, Liquid paraffin is termed from groups 1 to 2 worldwide and group 3 in certain regions.
This is because the high end of group 3 mineral lubricating oils are so pure that they exhibit properties similar to polyalphaolefin – PAO oils (group 4 synthetics)

Properties of Liquid paraffin:
Understanding the physical and chemical properties of Liquid paraffin will help you to determine how best to use Liquid paraffin in your industrial, food-processing, or other processes.
These attributes may differ depending on the type of mineral used, how you use Liquid paraffin, and whether any other substances get added to the oil.

Liquid paraffin is a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid.
This lack of strong physical qualities helps make Liquid paraffin valuable in a variety of applications.
Manufacturers can add Liquid paraffin to products without changing their color, scent, flavor, or other crucial aspects.

Liquid paraffin is also generally regarded as safe for human consumption, but in limited amounts.
These features enable Liquid paraffins use in the food processing and pharmaceutical sectors.

Refined Liquid paraffin does not clog pores, which allows for Liquid paraffins use in cosmetics.
Liquid paraffin has a density of 0.85 grams per milliliter (g/ml), and Liquid paraffin specific gravity is 0.845 - 0.905.

Liquid paraffins kinematic viscosity is greater than or equal to 38.1 millimeters squared per second (mm2/s).
Liquid paraffin is insoluble in water.

Liquid paraffin has an initial boiling point of 424.4 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and a boiling range that extends up to 1189.4 °F.
Liquid paraffins flash point is 275.00 °F closed cup and 380.00 °F open cup.

Liquid paraffin has an auto-ignition temperature of 500 °F, and Liquid paraffins heat of combustion is 31.5 kilojoules per gram (kJ/g).
As mentioned above, Liquid paraffin has an NFPA flammability rating of one, a health rating of zero, and a reactivity rating of zero, meaning Liquid paraffin is not a high fire risk.

One of the most beneficial attributes of Liquid paraffin is Liquid paraffins lubrication capabilities.
This is the primary reason Liquid paraffin has so many industrial, mechanical, food-processing, and medical applications.

This property plays a crucial role in many Liquid paraffin manufacturing and food production processes.
Liquid paraffins ability to transfer heat and Liquid paraffins non-conductivity enable Liquid paraffin's use as a coolant in a various electronic and mechanical equipment, as well as in industrial processes.
Liquid paraffins resistance to water and other liquids, as well as insolubility in water, allow Liquid paraffin to function as a sealant and binder in a variety of products.

Liquid paraffin, also known as paraffinum liquidum or Russian Liquid paraffin, is a very highly refined Liquid paraffin used in cosmetics and medicine.
Cosmetic or medicinal liquid paraffin should not be confused with the paraffin (or kerosene) used as a fuel.

Liquid paraffin is a transparent, colorless, nearly odorless, and oily liquid that is composed of saturated hydrocarbons derived from petroleum.
The term paraffinum perliquidum is sometimes used to denote light liquid paraffin, while the term paraffinum subliquidum is sometimes used to denote a thicker Liquid paraffin.

The History of Liquid paraffin:
Liquid paraffin was first used in the 1870s when ChesebroughBrooklyin found that Liquid paraffin was very good for healing injuries he had sustains.
Liquid paraffin then spiraled from there and was used regularly in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries.

Liquid paraffins have been used in petroleum products and in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries for years.
The first known Liquid paraffin where found in Azerbaijan, when they were pumped out of wells in the 11th century and were traded in caravans.

The famous traveler Marco Polo found Liquid paraffin in the 13th century, and even mentioned Liquid paraffin in texts -- the use of petroleum in pharmacy and medicine.
In modern times Vaseline has become an essential raw material for skincare products.

Liquid paraffin was Chesebrough Brooklyn who had first found out that the sticky clear material he found in oil wells is great for healing skin injuries.
He started to produce and sell Liquid paraffin, and that was the first use of Vaseline, which is still used regularly in different skincare and cosmetic products today.

Most people don’t know that there are more uses of petroleum, instead of Liquid paraffin just being used as fuels in automobiles and machines.
Liquid paraffin is used heavily in the manufacture of chemical raw materials, cosmetic products, and health products, which impact directly on the health of humans.
Petroleum has also given us Liquid paraffin, which is one of the most frequent oils that is used and consumed in the daily lives of people all over the world.

Liquid paraffin are manufactured from a particularly refining process of traditional paraffinic base stocks.
This process gives particular characteristics of purity, absence of color, smell and taste.

These products satisfy the lubrication requirements of the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.
They are also suitable for production of perfumes, cosmetics and pesticides.
Technical Liquid paraffin are used as plasticizers for production of polymers as well.

Identifiers of Liquid paraffin:
CAS Number: 8042-47-5
Grade: Technical
Appearance: liquid
Auto Ignition Temperature: 325 - 355 °C (617 - 671 °F)
Boiling Point: > 218 °C (> 424 °F)
Color: Clear, Colorless
Density: 0.81 - 0.89 g/cm3 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Flash Point: > 112 °C (> 234 °F)
Kinematic Viscosity: 15.73 mm2/s @ 40 °C (104 °F)
Melting Point: -60 - -9 °C (-76 - 16 °F)
Odor: hydrocarbon-like
Partition Coefficient: Pow: > 6
Recommended Use: Industrial chemical
Relative Density: < 1 @ 20 °C (68 °F) Reference Material: (water = 1)
Solubility in Water: insoluble
Vapor Pressure: 0.08 - 0.75 mmHg @ 20 °C (68 °F)

Properties of Liquid paraffin:
Boiling point: 218-643°C
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C:
Vapour pressure at 20°C: negligible
Flash point: >115°C o.c.
Auto-ignition temperature: 260-371°C
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: >6

Appearance: Clear, colorless, oily liquid.
Odor: Odorless or very mild petroleum odor.
Viscosity: Highly viscous, with specific viscosity depending on the grade.
Density: Approximately 0.82–0.88 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Boiling Point: Generally above 300°C (varies with composition).
Melting Point: Below -20°C (varies with composition).
Solubility:
Water: Insoluble.
Organic Solvents: Soluble in chloroform, ether, benzene, and most organic solvents.
Flash Point: Typically in the range of 120-200°C, depending on the grade.
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 260°C.
Refractive Index: Approximately 1.47-1.48 at 20°C.
Surface Tension: Around 30-35 mN/m at 25°C.
Chemical Stability: Chemically stable under normal conditions. Non-reactive with most substances.
Reactivity: Inert under most conditions; does not readily react with acids, bases, or oxidizing agents.
Viscosity Index: Typically high, indicating minimal change in viscosity with temperature.
Thermal Conductivity: Low, making it a poor conductor of heat.
Electrical Conductivity: Very low, acting as an insulator.

Specifications of Liquid paraffin:
SAE Grade 10, ISO Viscosity Grade 32
Meets requirements of USDA H-1 and 21CFR, Paragraphs 178.3570, 178.3620(b) and 573.680 of FDA Regulation
Flash Point: >350°F, COC
Flammable Limits: LEL:0.9 UEL:7.0
Melting Point: N/A
Freezing Point: N/A
Evaporate Rate: N/A
Auto-ignition Temperature: N/D
Boiling Point: N/A
pH: N/A
Specific Gravity: 0.818-0.880 @ 25°C (77°F)
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.): Vapor Density (Air=1): >1
Appearance:Colorless, oily liquid
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: Insoluble

Appearance: Clear, colorless, and odorless oily liquid.
Purity:
High purity, often exceeding 99% paraffinic hydrocarbons.
Free from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Density: Typically 0.82–0.88 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Viscosity:
Light liquid paraffin: 10-35 cSt (centistokes) at 40°C.
Heavy liquid paraffin: 35-70 cSt at 40°C.
Refractive Index: 1.470–1.480 at 20°C.
Acidity/Alkalinity: Neutral, pH range typically around 6-8.
Boiling Point: Typically above 300°C.
Melting Point: Below -20°C.
Flash Point: Usually above 150°C.
Viscosity Index: High, indicating minimal change in viscosity with temperature.
Specific Gravity: 0.82–0.88 at 20°C.
Solubility: Insoluble in water. Soluble in most organic solvents like chloroform, ether, and benzene.
Heavy Metals: Very low or non-detectable levels, often specified as Peroxide Value: Typically very low, indicating minimal oxidation (often Sulfur Compounds: Minimal, often specified as non-detectable.
UV Absorbance: Meets stringent absorbance criteria to ensure purity (typically low absorbance in the UV range indicating absence of impurities).