ISOSTEARYL ISOSTEARATE ISOSTEARYL ISOSTEARATE ISOSTEARYL ISOSTEARATE is classified as : Binding Emollient Skin conditioning CAS Number 41669-30-1 EINECS/ELINCS No: 255-485-3 COSING REF No: 34765 Chem/IUPAC Name: Isooctadecyl isooctadecanoate Isostearyl Isostearate Isostearyl Isostearate is a fluid emollient for oils. It provides a rich feel and improves spreading on the skin. It is appropriate for use in lipsticks and as a binding agent for make-up powders. This product does not modify pigment coloration, and provides superfatting properties to compensate for the drying effect of powders Details An emollient ester (oily liquid from Isostearyl Alcohol + Isostearic Acid) that gives excellent slip, lubricity and luxurious softness on skin. It's also popular in makeup products to disperse pigments nicely and evenly. Molecular Weight of Isostearyl Isostearate 537 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of Isostearyl Isostearate 16.8 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 32 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Isostearyl Isostearate 536.553232 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Isostearyl Isostearate 536.553232 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Isostearyl Isostearate 26.3 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 38 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Isostearyl Isostearate 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Isostearyl Isostearate 456 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Isostearyl Isostearate 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Isostearyl Isostearate Is Canonicalized Yes The stearate esters (Butyl Stearate, Cetyl Stearate, Isocetyl Stearate, Isopropyl Stearate, Myristyl Stearate, Ethylhexyl Stearate, Isobutyl Stearate) are oily liquids or waxy solids. Ethylhexyl Stearate may also be called Octyl Stearate. In cosmetics and personal care products, stearate esters are used most frequently in the formulation of eye makeup, skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products. Stearate esters act primarily as lubricants on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. Butyl Stearate also decreases the thickness of lipsticks, thereby lessening the drag on lips, and imparts water repelling characteristics to nail polishes. Butyl Stearate and Isopropyl Stearate dry to form a thin coating on the skin. Isocetyl Stearate can also be used to dissolve other substances, usually liquids. Function(s) of Isopropyl Stearate: Binder; Skin-Conditioning Agent - Emollient; BINDING; SKIN CONDITIONING Use restrictions of Isopropyl Stearate: Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs): Human irritant - strong evidence (only for products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)) GHS Hazard Statements of Isopropyl Stearate: Aggregated GHS information from 2 notifications provided by 23 companies to the ECHA C&L Inventory. H413 (100%): May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from all companies. Only Hazard Codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. Molecular Formula: C21H42O2 Molecular Weight: 326.565 g/mol IUPAC Name: propan-2-yl octadecanoate CAS: 112-10-7 EC Number: 203-934-9 Isostearyl Isostearate is a fluid emollient for oils. It provides a rich feel and improves spreading on the skin. It is appropriate for use in lipsticks and as a binding agent for make-up powders. This product does not modify pigment coloration, and provides superfatting properties to compensate for the drying effect of powders. Skincare ingredients: Isostearyl Isostearate What is Isostearyl isostearate? Great for: Emollient like jojoba oil with a virtually non-existent after-feel How it works: It provides a rich but non-greasy skin feel and improves spreading on the skin. It is often used in lipsticks and to bind together make-up powders. Where does isostearyl isostearate come from? Isostearyl isostearate is the ester (the product of an alcohol and an acid) of isosteric alcohol and isostearic acid. Isostearic acid is an isomer of stearic acid, a naturally-occurring fatty acid found in cocoa and shea butter. Isostearic acid and stearic acid have the same chemical formula, but the arrangement of their atoms vary slightly which gives it very different physical properties. For example, stearic acid is solid at room temperature and isostearic acid is clear yellow liquid. Formulation tips Undiluted Isopropyl Isostearate was classified as a slight ocular irritant but otherwise is considered very safe.

ISOTHIAZOLINONE = ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE


CAS Number: 1003-07-2
EC Number: 696-206-9
MDL Number: MFCD09834764
Chemical formula: C3H3NOS


Isothiazolinone (sometimes isothiazolone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH)2SN(H)CO.
Isothiazolinone is a white solid, it is structurally related to isothiazole.
The basic substance of the group of substances, isothiazolinone , is a compound that contains a sulfur in a cyclopentene five-membered ring and a nitrogen atom and a carbonyl group ( thiaazocyclopentenone ).


Isothiazolinones are heterocyclic organic compounds that play an important role in biocides .
Isothiazolinone is a heterocyclic chemical compound related to isothiazole.
Isothiazolinone is an antimicrobial preservative that is often used to control fungi, bacteria, and algae.
Isothiazolinones are heterocyclic compounds that are used as biocides.


Five derivatives are used in significant amounts:
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT, MI)
Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT, CMI, MCI)
Benzisothiazolinone (BIT)
Octylisothiazolinone (OIT, OI)
Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT, DCOI)
There is also butylbenzisothiazolinone (BBIT), which, however, plays a subordinate role.


A Isothiazolinone is derivative as antimicrobial.
Isothiazolinone was tested for inhibition of PCAF activity.
5-Chloroisothiazolinones showed the most potent inhibition of PCAF.
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMI) and 2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (MI).


The importance of Isothiazolinone has been growing over the last few years.
Isothiazolinone is another synthetic chemical widely used in household and personal care as preservatives because of its ability to fight off bacteria and microbes.
Isothiazolinone (Isothiazolinone) is a synthetic substance that is put in cosmetics as a preservative.
Isothiazolinone helps extend life and maintain the condition that is still attractive to be used in cosmetics.


Isothiazolinone is an antimicrobial preservative that is commonly used to control bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Isothiazolinone (sometimes isothiazolone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH)2SN(H)CO.
Isothiazolinone (CAS No. 1003-07-2) is an antimicrobial preservative primarily for water containing solutions, as these are breeding grounds for bacteria, fungi, and algae.


Isothiazolinones are heterocyclic compounds that play an important role in biocides .
Isothiazolinone is a microbicidal agent that is used as an additive to water in the form of a liquid or powder.
Isothiazolinone is classified as reactive and hydrochloric acid, which means it reacts with water to produce chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
The biocidal activity of Isothiazolinone is due to its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria by reacting with their cell walls and destroying them.


This effect may be due to Isothiazolinone's ability to inhibit cholesterol esterase, an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism that has been shown to be associated with diabetes.
Isothiazolinone is also known for its high values of carbonyl groups and chlorine atoms, making it useful for analytical chemistry experiments using gas chromatography (GC), as well as in agricultural research.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
Isothiazolinones find application in the preservation of high pH household and industrial and institutional cleaning formulations, as well as personal care and cosmetic materials.
Isothiazolone itself is of limited interest, but several of its derivatives are widely used preservatives and antimicrobials.
Isothiazolinones are used as preservatives against microorganisms ( bacteria , fungi ) in aqueous dispersions , emulsions and solutions.


Due to their bactericidal and fungicidal effect, they protect, for example, cleaning agents, paints , varnishes and adhesives from microbial decomposition.
Other areas of application for isothiazolinones are in paper manufacture , where they are used to combat slime, and in cooling and process waterand the antimicrobial treatment of textiles; DCOIT and OIT are also used as wood preservatives .
In the past, isothiazolinones were also used very frequently for shower gels, shampoos and cosmetics.


Isothiazolinones are used in cosmetic and as chemical additives for occupational and industrial usage due to their bacteriostatic and fungiostatic activity.
Isothiazolinone is another synthetic chemical widely used in household and personal care as preservatives because of its ability to fight off bacteria and microbes.


Antimicrobial preservatives, Isothiazolinones are synthetic biocides/preservatives.
Isothiazolinones are broad-spectrum, non-oxidizing biocides that can be used in a wide range of industrial applications.
Isothiazolinone formulation helps to inhibit the growth of microbes and has inhibition and biocidal effects on most of the common bacteria, fungi and algae found in water.


Isothiazolinone is most commonly applied in water containing solutions, as these solutions are a breeding ground for bacteria.
There are a number of different products on the market today that use Isothiazolinone like sunscreen, hand sanitizer, shampoo, cosmetics, lotions, and many more.
The purpose of including Isothiazolinone in these products is to inhibit microbial activity that could potentially spoil the product before its expected expiration date.


Isothiazolinone has a high performance, broad spectrum, antimicrobial activity controlling both planktonic and surface growth of bacteria, fungi and algae.
Isothiazolinone has been designed exclusively for water treatment and paper mill application.
Isothiazolinones are used as preservatives against microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) in aqueous dispersions, emulsions and solutions.


Due to their bactericidal and fungicidal effect, they protect, for example, shower gels, shampoos, cosmetics, cleaning agents, paints, varnishes and adhesives from microbial decomposition.
Other areas of application for isothiazolinones are paper production, where they are used to combat slime, cooling and process water , the antimicrobial treatment of textiles and they are also used as wood preservatives .


Isothiazolinones are used as preservatives in cooling lubricants.
Are known here v. a. the octylisothiazolinone, which is mainly added to cooling lubricant concentrates because of its fungicidal (fungicidal) effect, and a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (usually 3:1), which, due to a lack of stability, only gets into the cooling lubricant through the subsequent addition of separate preservatives.


There are a number of different products on the market today that use Isothiazolinone like sunscreen, hand sanitizer, shampoo, cosmetics, lotions, and many more.
The purpose of including Isothiazolinone in these products is to inhibit microbial activity that could potentially spoil the product before its expected expiration date.


Isothiazolinones are synthetic preservatives used in a range of products including cleaning, laundry and personal care.
Since water-containing solutions are the breeding grounds for bacteria, isothiazolinone can easily be used in such solutions.
Although isothiazolinones have no direct applications, their derivatives such as 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3 which are used together as preservatives in commercial households and cosmetics products, for instance, cleaners, shampoos, and washing materials.


Notably, various products that use isothiazolinones are in the market, including shampoo, hand sanitizer, and lotions.
Isothiazolinones are used in these products as an inhibitor of microbial activity that could lead to the product spoiling before the expected expiration date.
Safety InformationThe recommended use of isothiazolinone products by the manufacturers used as wrinkle releaser is not harmful.


The bactericidal effect of Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is carried out through breaking the bond between bacteria and algae protein.
When contacted with microbes, Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) can quickly inhibit their growth, thus leading to death of these microbes.
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) has strong inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, fungi and alga, and has many advantages such as high biocidal efficiency, good degradation, no residual, safety in operation, good compatibleness, good stabilization, low cost in operation.


Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) can mix with chlorine and most cation, anion, and non-ionic surfactants.
When used at high dosage, its biosludge stripping effect is excellent.
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is a kind of fungicidal with properties of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity and non-oxidative, it is the ideal biocidal in industrial circulating cool water system and in wastewater treatment in oilfield, papermaking, pesticide, cutting oil, leather, detergent and cosmetics etc..


When Isothiazolinone is used as sludge stripper for grade II, the dosage of 150-300mg/L is preferred, when used as boicide, the dosage of 80-100mg/L is preferred, and charges every 3-7 days.
When Isothiazolinone is used together with quaternary amine, the effect will be better.
When Isothiazolinone is used as industrial fungicide, the dosage of 0.05-0.4% is preferred.


Isothiazolinone is a cost-effective antimicrobial for personal care formulations.
Suggested applications of Isothiazolinone: personal care preservative.
Isothiazolinone is a high performance industrial microbiocide for use in recirculating water cooling towers, wood, mold and mildew control, pulp and paper mills, air washer systems.
Suggested applications of Isothiazolinone: Industrial water treatment. Very low use levels.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
The antimicrobial activity of isothiazolinones is attributed to their ability to inhibit life-sustaining enzymes, specifically those enzymes with thiols at their active sites.
Isothiazolinone is established that isothiazolinones form mixed disulfides upon treatment with such species.
RSH+isothiazolone

The principal isothiazolones are:
*Methylisothiazolinone (MIT, MI)
*Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT, CMI, MCI)
*Benzisothiazolinone (BIT)
*Octylisothiazolinone (OIT, OI)
*Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT, DCOI)
*Butylbenzisothiazolinone (BBIT)
These compounds all exhibit antimicrobial properties.
They are used to control bacteria, fungi, and algae in cooling water systems, fuel storage tanks, pulp and paper mill water systems, oil extraction systems, wood preservation, and some paints.
They are antifouling agents.
They are frequently used in shampoos and other hair care products.




SYNTHESIS OF ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
Compared to many other simple heterocycles, the discovery of Isothiazolinone is fairly recent, with reports first appearing in the 1960s.
Isothiazolinones can be prepared on an industrial scale by the ring-closure of 3-mercaptopropanamides.
These in turn are produced from acrylic acid via the 3-mercaptopropionic acid:
Ring-closure of the thiol-amide is typically effected by chlorination or oxidation of the 3-sulfanylpropanamide to the corresponding disulfide.
Many other routes have been developed, including addition of thiocyanate to propargyl amides.





BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
In addition to the desired effect of killing or controlling the growth of microorganisms, isothiazolinones also have undesirable effects.
They have high aquatic toxicity and some isothiazolinones (especially CMIT) can cause sensitization in humans through direct contact or airborne exposure and some isothiazolinones (especially CMIT) can cause skin.




PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
Chemical formula: C3H3NOS
Molar mass: 101.127
Appearance: white solid
Melting point: 74–75 °C (165–167 °F; 347–348 K)
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: 74 - 75 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available


Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available


Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: 74-75 °C
Density: 1.366±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 9.12±0.20(Predicted)
color: Off-White



FIRST AID MEASURES of ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ISOTHIAZOLINONE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
1,2-Thiazol-3(2H)-one
Isothiazolin-3-one
3(2H)-Isothiazolone, isothiazolin
Isothiazalone
thiazol-3-one
3-isothiazolone
Isothiazol-3-one
1,2-thiazol-3-one
Isothiazolin-3-one
3(2H)-Isothiazolone
Isothiazol-3(2H)-one
Isothiazol-3(2H)-one 97%
3-Oxo-2,3-dihydroisothiazole
thiazol-3-one
3-isothiazolone
Isothiazol-3-one
1,2-thiazol-3-one
3(2H)-Isothiazolone
3-isothiazolone
Isothiazol-3-one
1,2-thiazol-3-one
3(2H)-Isothiazolone
isothiazol-3(2H)-one

Isothiazolinones exhibit antimicrobial properties.
Isothiazolinones are antifouling agents.


CAS Number: 26172-55-4, 2682-20-4, 1003-07-2
EC Number: 247-500-7
MDL Number: MFCD09834764
Chemical formula: C3H3NOS



SYNONYMS:
CMIT, Isothiazolinones, CMIT, Isothiazolinone, CMI, CMIT/MIT, 5-CHLORO-2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE, MCI, 5-Chloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone, Chloromethylisothiazolinone, 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, isothiazolin, 1,2-Thiazol-3(2H)-one, Isothiazolin-3-one, 3(2H)-Isothiazolone, isothiazolin, Isothiazalone, thiazol-3-one, 3-isothiazolone, Isothiazol-3-one, 1,2-thiazol-3-one, Isothiazolin-3-one, 3(2H)-Isothiazolone, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one 97%, 3-Oxo-2,3-dihydroisothiazole, thiazol-3-one, 3-isothiazolone, Isothiazol-3-one, 1,2-thiazol-3-one, 3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 3-isothiazolone, Isothiazol-3-one, 1,2-thiazol-3-one, 3(2H)-Isothiazolone, isothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,2-Thiazol-3(2H)-one, Isothiazolin-3-one, 3(2H)-Isothiazolone, isothiazolin



Isothiazolinones are a preservative used in cosmetic products such as shampoos and hair care products.
Isothiazolinones are permitted in Europe for all cosmetic applications, but at a maximum concentration of 15 ppm.
Therefore, the support of a laboratory competent in the analysis of preservatives in cosmetics is essential to be able to perform the analysis of

Isothiazolinones (/ˌaɪsoʊˌθaɪ.əˈzoʊlɪnoʊn/; sometimes isothiazolone) are an organic compound with the formula (CH)2SN(H)CO.
A white solid, Isothiazolinones are structurally related to isothiazole. Isothiazolinones are of limited interest, but several of their derivatives are widely used preservatives and antimicrobials.


Isothiazolinones exhibit antimicrobial properties.
Isothiazolinones are antifouling agents.
Isothiazolinones are frequently used in shampoos and other hair care products.


Isothiazolinones are synthetic preservatives used in a range of products including cleaning, laundry and personal care.
Isothiazolinones are known as sensitizersiv, which have been linked to allergic contact dermatitis.
Isothiazolinones, some reminders about these compounds:


Isothiazolinones are a family of biocides based on a heterocycle: 1,2-thiazol-3-one.
It is a thiazole with a ketone function or a lactam with a sulphur atom in the unsaturated ring.
The biocidal effect of Isothiazolinones is achieved in two stages: from the very first minutes, cell growth is inhibited and irreversible damage is caused within a few hours.


Isothiazolinones react with proteins and interfere with oxygen consumption, respiration, ATP synthesis and energy production.
Isothiazolinones do, however, have some undesirable effects including high aquatic toxicity and skin sensitization which can cause allergic dermatitis mainly on the hands and face.


The presence of Isothiazolinones in cosmetic products is authorised in Europe at a maximum level of 15 ppm.
Indeed, due to their high polarity, some Isothiazolinones are difficult to isolate from water.
Isothiazolinones are a heterocyclic chemical compound related to isothiazole.


Isothiazolinones an antimicrobial preservative that is often used to control fungi, bacteria, and algae.
Since water-containing solutions are the breeding grounds for bacteria, Isothiazolinones can easily be used in such solutions.
Isothiazolinones are a cost-effective antimicrobial for personal care formulations.


Suggested applications of Isothiazolinones: personal care preservative.
Isothiazolinones are composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMI) and 2-methyl-4- thiazoline-3-ketone(MI). Isothiazolinones’ bactericidal effect is carried out by breaking the bond between bacteria and algae protein.


When contacted with microbes, Isothiazolinones can quickly inhibit their growth.
Thus leading to the death of these microbes.
Isothiazolinones also have certain effects on silt’s peeling, dispersing, and infiltration.


As a result, Isothiazolinones can protect the water quality and ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
The performance of Isothiazolinones is very stable.
And the applicability is strong.


Just put a small number of Isothiazolinones in the area that water treatment is needed.
Based on the excellent characteristics of bactericidal algaecide, Isothiazolinones are quickly recognized by various industries.
For example, Isothiazolinones are widely used in industrial circulating cooling water systems, such as chemical, textile, power plants, industrial storage tanks, cooling towers, swimming pools, fountain landscape water, and other industrial projects.


Isothiazolinones are an antimicrobial preservative primarily for water containing solutions, as these are breeding grounds for bacteria, fungi, and algae.
There are a number of different products on the market today that use Isothiazolinones like sunscreen, hand sanitizer, shampoo, cosmetics, lotions, and many more.


The purpose of including Isothiazolinones in these products is to inhibit microbial activity that could potentially spoil the product before its expected expiration date.
Isothiazolinones can also disinfect and kill the common bacterium, fungus and water plant.


For better effect, Isothiazolinones can be used in conjunction with the ionic and non-ionic water treatment chemicals.
After usage, Isothiazolinones are easy to be degraded into non-toxic molecule without secondary pollution.
Isothiazolinones are a kind of non-oxidizing bactericide with broad-spectrum, high efficiency and low toxicity.


Isothiazolinones's active content is isothiazolinone and its derivative mixture.
Isothiazolinones have strong penetration ability for the cell membrane of microorganism and can decompose and destroy the cell tissue.
Isothiazolinones, with the chemical formula C3H3NOS and CAS registry number 26172-55-4, is a compound known for its antimicrobial properties.


Isothiazolinones are effective against a wide range of microorganisms and have a low toxicity profile, making it a popular choice for preservation.
Overall, Isothiazolinones play a crucial role in maintaining the quality and longevity of many everyday products.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
A white solid, Isothiazolinones are structurally related to isothiazole. Isothiazolinones are of limited interest, but several of their derivatives are widely used preservatives and antimicrobials.
Isothiazolinones are used to control bacteria, fungi, and algae in cooling water systems, fuel storage tanks, pulp and paper mill water systems, oil extraction systems, wood preservation, and some paints.


Isothiazolinones are used especially as an antifouling agent, i.e. paint for ship hulls to prevent the formation of barnacles, etc.
Isothiazolinones are preservatives used against algae, fungi and bacteria in cooling systems, fuel tanks, paper mills, wood preservation or oil extraction.
Isothiazolinones are also used in lacquers, paints or varnishes.


Isothiazolinones are also used in the surface treatment of mould on historical monuments (such as the Lascaux cave or the Angkor temples in Cambodia).
As a preservative, Isothiazolinones are also used in cosmetic products such as shampoo or hair care products, detergents and laundry detergents.
Isothiazolinones are commonly used as a preservative in various industrial and consumer products, such as paints, adhesives, and personal care products.


Isothiazolinones work by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae, helping to prevent the degradation and spoilage of these products.
Isothiazolinones are a high performance industrial microbiocide for use in recirculating water cooling towers, wood, mold and mildew control, pulp and paper mills, air washer systems.


Although Isothiazolinones have no direct applications, their derivatives such as 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3 which are used together as preservatives in commercial households and cosmetics products, for instance, cleaners, shampoos, and washing materials.
Notably, various products that use Isothiazolinones are in the market, including shampoo, hand sanitizer, and lotions.


Isothiazolinones is used in these products as an inhibitor of microbial activity that could lead to the product spoiling before the expected expiration date.
The recommended use of Isothiazolinones products by the manufacturers used as wrinkle releaser is not harmful.


Determination of Isothiazolinones in consumer goods:
Isothiazolinones are common preservatives (biocides) in cosmetics, chemical formulations, and printing inks.
Used as preservatives, biocides and disinfectants in a variety of industrial and domestic applications.


When used as a sludge stripper for grade II, 150~300 mg/L is preferred.
When used as a biocide, 80~100 mg/l is preferred.
And charges every 3~7 days.


The Isothiazolinones can’t be used together with oxidative fungicides like chlorine.
And Isothiazolinones can’t be used in cooling water systems containing sulfur.
When Isothiazolinones are used together with a quaternary amine, the effect will be better.


When Isothiazolinones is used as an industrial fungicide, 0.05~0.4% is preferred.
Isothiazolinones have a high performance, broad spectrum, antimicrobial activity controlling both planktonic and surface growth of bacteria, fungi and algae.


Isothiazolinones have been designed exclusively for water treatment and paper mill application.
Isothiazolinones are antimicrobials used to control bacteria, fungi, and algae in cooling water systems, fuel storage tanks, pulp and paper mill water systems, oil extraction systems, wood preservation and antifouling agents.


Isothiazolinones are frequently used in personal care products such as shampoos and other hair care products, as well as certain paint formulations.
Isothiazolinones are antimicrobials used to control bacteria, fungi, and algae in cooling water systems, fuel storage tanks, pulp and paper mill water systems, oil extraction systems, wood preservation and antifouling agents.


Isothiazolinones are frequently used in personal care products such as shampoos and other hair care products, as well as certain paint formulations.
There, often combinations of MIT and CMIT (known as Kathon CG) or MIT and BIT are used.


-Isothiazolinones are heterocyclic compounds that are used as biocides.
Five derivatives are used in significant amounts:
*Methylisothiazolinone (MIT, MI)
*Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT, CMI, MCI)
*Benzisothiazolinone (BIT)
*Octylisothiazolinone (OIT, OI)
*Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT, DCOI)
The derivative butylbenzisothiazolinone (BBIT) also exists, but does not have the same importance.



FUNCTIONS OF ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
Isothiazolinones can be widely used as bactericide for industrial circulating cool water, oilfield water and the like in the industries such as oil refining, chemical industry, fertilizer, electric power and metallurgy to control the growth of microorganism effectively.



PROPERTIES OF ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
Isothiazolinones have strong inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, fungi, and alga.
And Isothiazolinones have many advantages, such as high biocidal efficiency, good degradation, no residual, safety in operation, good compatibleness, good stabilization, and low cost in operation.

Isothiazolinones can mix with chlorine and most cation, anion, and non-ionic surfactants.
However, Isothiazolinones's bio-sludge stripping effect is excellent when used at high dosages.
Isothiazolinones are fungicidal with broad spectrum properties, high efficiency, low toxicity, and non-oxidative.
Isothiazolinones are the ideal biocidal in the industrial circulating cool water system.

Also, in wastewater treatment, the oilfield, papermaking, pesticide, cutting oil, leather, detergent, cosmetics, etc.
Isothiazolinones have a high inhibitory effect on various fungi and algae, such as green algae, brown algae, fungi, and bacteria.
At the same time, Isothiazolinones also control the growth of slime in water.



KEY FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
*Rapid Inhibition of Microbial Growth
*Effective at low concentrations
*Requires lesser dosing
*Well effective over a wide pH range
*Non foaming
*Biodegradable



THERE ARE FIVE IMPORTANT DERIVATIVES IN THE FAMILY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
*Methylisothiazolinone (MIT, MI);
*Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT, MIT, MCI);
*Benzisothiazolinone (BIT);
*Octylisothiazolinone (ILO, RO);
*Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT, COD).



ANALYSIS OF ISOTHIAZOLINONES IN YOUR COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
You need to analyse Isothiazolinones in your cosmetic products.
First of all, Isothiazolinones are a family of biocides composed from a heterocycle, 1,2-thiazol-3-one.
Isothiazolinones are used against bacteria and fungi in lacquers, paints, antifoulings and varnishes.

Isothiazolinones' biocidal effect comes from a two-step mechanism: a rapid inhibition of growth and respiration, followed by irreversible damage to the cell within hours.
By reacting with the cell’s proteins, oxygen consumption, hence respiration, and ATP synthesis, hence energy production, are inhibited.



THE PRINCIPAL ISOTHIAZOLINONES ARE:
*Methylisothiazolinone (MIT, MI)
*Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT, CMI, MCI)
*Benzisothiazolinone (BIT)
*Octylisothiazolinone (OIT, OI)
*Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT, DCOI)
*Butylbenzisothiazolinone (BBIT)



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
The antimicrobial activity of Isothiazolinones is attributed to their ability to inhibit life-sustaining enzymes, specifically those enzymes with thiols at their active sites.
Isothiazolinones are established that Isothiazolinones form mixed disulfides upon treatment with such species.



SYNTHESIS OF ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
Compared to many other simple heterocycles, the discovery of Isothiazolinones are fairly recent, with reports first appearing in the 1960s.
Isothiazolinones can be prepared on an industrial scale by the ring-closure of 3-mercaptopropanamides.
These in turn are produced from acrylic acid via the 3-mercaptopropionic acid



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
Chemical formula: C3H3NOS
Molar mass: 101.127
Appearance: white solid
Melting point: 74–75 °C (165–167 °F; 347–348 K)
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: 74 - 75 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available

Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: 74-75 °C
Density: 1.366±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 9.12±0.20(Predicted)

color: Off-White
CBNumber:CB4132565
Molecular Formula:C4H4ClNOS
Molecular Weight:149.6
MDL Number:MFCD00792550
MOL File:26172-55-4.mol
Melting point: 42-45?C
Boiling point: 109.7°C
Density 1.25 (14% aq.)
Properties:
Refractive index: n20/D 1.378
Storage temp.: Refrigerator
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly),
Methanol (Slightly, Heated)
pKa: -4.06±0.40 (Predicted)

Form: Liquid
Stability: Stable, Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents
LogP: 0.240 (est)
Identifiers:
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:
5-CHLORO-2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE
CAS DataBase Reference: 26172-55-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: DEL7T5QRPN
NIST Chemistry Reference: 5-Chloro-2-methyl-3(2h)-isothiazolone (26172-55-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (26172-55-4)
Chemical Properties:
Chemical formula: C3H3NOS
Molar mass: 101.127 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Melting point: 74–75 °C (165–167 °F; 347–348 K)



FIRST AID MEASURES of ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ISOTHIAZOLINONES:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

IPP; Isopal; Hexadecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester; Palmitic acid, Isopropyl ester; Deltyl; Hexadecanoic acid, Isopropyl ester; Isopal; Isopropyl hexadecanoate; 1-methylethyl hexandecanoate; cas no: 142-91-6

Composition: Isotridecyl polyethylene glycol ether with 30-mole ethylene oxide


ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 30 EO 70 %: Aqueous solution of a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether.

CAS number: 9043-30-5


Synonyms: C 13 Alcohol 30 Ethoxylate, 70 % in Water, Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, Isotridecyl polyethylene glycol ether with 30-mole ethylene oxide, C 13 Alcohol 30 EO,



ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 30 EO 70% is a nonionic emulsifier for emulsion polymerization.


Use of ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 30 EO 70 %:

The use of ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 30 EO 70% in emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, acrylate, and acrylate/styrene dispersions reduces coagulation and improves electrolyte resistance and freeze/thaw stability.

ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 30 EO 70 % is added to the emulsion before, during, or after the polymerization process.

ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 30 EO 70 % improves latex stability and prevents coagulation during polymerization.

Improving the latex properties means better electrolyte, shear stability, and freeze-thaw stability.



Use of the substance/preparation:

Industry sector: Industrial Performance Chemicals
Type of use: Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization

Product properties *)
Active substance content
about 70 % with 30% water


Item: Specification

Consistency at 20°C: liquid (visual)

Transparency at 20°C: clear (visual)

Hazen colour: max. 130 EN 1557

pH value 5% as is in water: 6.0 - 8.0 DIN EN 1262

Water content: 29.0 - 31.0 % DIN 51777

Viscosity (dynamic): approx. 2.300 mPa.s (20 °C) Brookfield

Viscosity at 50°C: 100 - 200 mPas ISO 6388

Pourpoint: approx. 5 °C DIN/ISO 3016


Appearance
at 5°C: white paste
at 25°C: clear, colorless liquid
at 50°C: clear, colorless liquid
pH value (DIN EN 1262), 5 % as is in water: 6 - 8


Solubility at 25 °C: clear soluble in water

Density at 25 °C: approx. 1.08 g/cm³

Viscosity at 25 °C (Brookfield, Spindle LV1): about 700 mPas

Flashpoint (DIN/ISO 2592): > 100 °C

Critical Micelle Concentration: 0,88 g/l active material in water

Surface Activity at 1 g/l active substance: about 38 mN/m

HLB value: about 17

Biodegradability: 57 % (28 d)

Method: OECD 301 B

Fish toxicity : LC50 > 100 mg/l (96 h, zebrafish)

Method: OECD 203

Bacteria toxicity : EC50 > 5 mg/l (Vibrio fisheri)

Method: DIN EN ISO 11348-2

Dissolved Organic carbon(DOC) : 1.919 mg/g
Method: DIN/EN 1484

Chemical oxygen demand (COD): 632 mg/g
Method: ISO/DIS 15705



Isotridecyl Alcohol 30 EO 70 % is used in the Emulsion polymerization of styrene, acrylic acid copolymers, and vinyl acetate copolymers.

Isotridecyl Alcohol 30 EO 70 % is liquid and readily miscible, and it has substantial wetting and emulsifying properties.

Isotridecyl Alcohol 30 EO 70 enables higher dispersion, freeze-thaw, and electrolyte stability.



Application of Polymers, where ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 30 EO 70 % is used:

1. Paints and coatings applications
– Architectural coatings (paints)
– Industrial coatings
– Wood coatings

2. Paper application
– Paper sizing
– Pulp binder

3. Adhesives

4. Carpet back sizing application

5. Textile application

6. Caulk and sealants, cement concrete application

7. Others



Handling and Storage
Below 15°C ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 30 EO 70% starts crystallization after heating
up at 30°C ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 30 EO 70% turns into a clear liquid again.





This information is based on our present knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses.
It should not, therefore, be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described on their suitability for a particular application.
Any existing industrial property rights must be observed.
The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale.

*) These characteristics are for guidance only and should not be considered product specifications.
The tolerances are given in the product specification sheet.
For further information on product properties, toxicological, ecological, and safety data, please refer to the safety data sheet.



OTHER PRODUCTS OF ATAMAN CHEMICALS THAT MIGHT BE OF INTEREST:

ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 40 EO 70 %
C13 Alcohol 40 EO 70 %
NP 40
Nonyl Phenol 40 Ethoxylate


ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL 50 EO 60 %
C13 Alcohol 50 EO 60 %
NP 50
Nonyl Phenol 50 Ethoxylate


Please check www.atamankimya.com for more products.

Isotridecyl Stearate is a pharmaceutical-grade intermediate that is required during the organic synthesis procedure. Its molecular weight is 466.82 and its purity level is 99.0%. The boiling point of this chemical is 489.8 degrees C at 760 mm Hg. Its relative density is 0.857g/cm3. It is accessible in colourless or pale yellow transparent liquid form. Isotridecyl Stearate has 255.5 degrees C flashpoint. The Standard of this substance has been verified on the basis of its shelf life, composition, chemical attributes, possible toxin content and processing method. Importance is also given on checking its chemical stability when used under different temperature.

CAS NO : 31565-37-4
EC NO : 250-703-3
IUPAC NAMES: 
11-methyldodecyl octadecanoate

SYNONYMS
Isotridecyl stearate;Octadecanoic acid, isotridecyl ester;31565-37-4;11-methyldodecyl octadecanoate;UNII-J8793TKA30;J8793TKA30;Stearic acid, isotridecyl ester;EINECS 250-703-3;SCHEMBL2699239;Isotridecyl Stearate, veg. based; 11-methyldodecyl ester;ZINC95803367;W-110802;Q27281337;11-methyldodecyl octadecanoate
;11-methyldodecyl stearate;octadecanoic acid isotridecyl ester;octadecanoic acid, 11-methyldodecyl ester;octaearic acid;isotridecyl ester; isotridecyl ester;Isotridecylstearat;isotridecyl stearate;isotridecyl ester;Octadecanoic acid, isotridecyl ester;Isotridecylstearate; Octadecanoicacid,isotridecylester; Stearicacid,isotridecylester; 11-methyldodecylstearate; 11-methyldodecyloctadecanoate; 31565-37-4;11-methyldodecyl octadecanoate 31565-37-4 CTK4G7366 EINECS 250-703-3 Exceparl TD-S Isotridecyl stearate Isotridecyl Stearate; veg. based ISOTRIDECYL STEARATE;isotridecyl stearateIsotridecyl octadecanoate; J8793TKA30 LS-166598 NS00019608 Octadecanoic acid; isotridecyl ester Octadecanoic acid;isotridecyl ester Q27281337 SCHEMBL2699239;11-methyldodecyl ester;isotridecyl ester Stearicacid;isotridecyl ester (7CI,8CI) UNII-J8793TKA30 W-110802 ZINC95803367

Isotridecyl stearate is the raw material for spin finishes and oiling agent for textile, rubber processing agent, Plastic lubricant, Paint, Ink additive.
Isotridecyl stearate is a clear, colourless oily liquid that works as a medium feel emollient.
Isotridecyl stearate absorbs very quickly into the skin, leaves no shine and gives a nice, velvety after-feel.
Isotridecyl stearate is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.
Isotridecyl stearate is a lubricity additive, provides a substantially lubricious film
Isotridecyl stearate has good metal adhesion properties
Isotridecyl stearate has good corrosion protection properties
* Characterised by a viscosity of 16C at 40 C
* Characterised by a pour point of 7 C

Isotridecyl stearate is used in Neat oils, Soluble oils, Semi-Synthetics, Vanishing oils
Isotridecyl stearate is used in cosmetics for skin conditioning/moisturizing.

Industry Uses
-Finishing agents
-Lubricants and lubricant additives
Consumer Uses
-Lubricants and greases
-Metal products not covered elsewhere

Industry Processing Sectors
-Fabricated metal product manufacturing
-Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing

The stearate esters (Butyl Stearate, Cetyl Stearate, Isocetyl Stearate, Isopropyl Stearate, Myristyl Stearate, Ethylhexyl Stearate, Isobutyl Stearate) are oily liquids or waxy solids.
Ethylhexyl Stearate may also be called Octyl Stearate. In cosmetics and personal care products, stearate esters are used most frequently in the formulation of eye makeup, skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products.
Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
Stearate esters act primarily as lubricants on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.
Butyl Stearate also decreases the thickness of lipsticks, thereby lessening the drag on lips, and imparts water-repelling characteristics to nail polishes.
Butyl Stearate and Isopropyl Stearate dry to form a thin coating on the skin. Isocetyl Stearate can also be used to dissolve other substances, usually liquids.

Scientific Facts:
The stearate esters are prepared by reacting stearic acid with the appropriate alcohol (butyl, cetyl, isobutyl, isocetyl, isopropyl, myristyl or ethylhexyl alcohol).
Stearate esters have the unique properties of low viscosity and oily nature, which results in a nongreasy, hydrophobic film when applied to the skin or lips.
Stearic acid is found in animal and vegetable fats.

Function in the product
Affects the application properties of cosmetics - gives a good glide when spreading (e.g. lipsticks on the lips), reduces sticking and greasiness of the cosmetic. Stick plasticizer - gives the sticks elasticity, prevents them from crushing.

Cosmetic action
Used in skin and hair care preparations, it creates an occlusive layer on the surface, which prevents excessive evaporation of water from the surface (indirect moisturizing effect), thus conditioning, i.e. softening and smoothing the skin and hair.

Itaconic Acid Itaconic acid, or methylidenesuccinic acid, is an organic compound. This dicarboxylic acid is a white solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. Historically, itaconic acid was obtained by the distillation of citric acid, but currently it is produced by fermentation. The name itaconic acid was devised as an anagram of aconitic acid, another derivative of citric acid. Production Since the 1960s, it is produced industrially by the fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose or molasses using fungi such as Aspergillus itaconicus or Aspergillus terreus. For A. terreus the itaconate pathway is mostly elucidated. The generally accepted route for itaconate is via glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and a decarboxylation of cis-aconitate to itaconate via cis-aconitate-decarboxylase. The smut fungus Ustilago maydis uses an alternative route. Cis-aconitate is converted to the thermodynamically favoured trans-aconitate via aconitate-Δ-isomerase (Adi1). trans-Aconitate is further decarboxylated to itaconate by trans-aconitate-decarboxylase (Tad1). Itaconic acid is also produced in cells of macrophage lineage. It was shown that itaconate is a covalent inhibitor of the enzyme isocitrate lyase in vitro. As such, itaconate may possess antibacterial activities against bacteria expressing isocitrate lyase (such as Salmonella enterica and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). However, cells of macrophage lineage have to "pay the price" for making itaconate, and they lose the ability to perform mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation. Laboratory synthesis Dry distillation of citric acid affords itaconic anhydride, which undergoes hydrolysis to itaconic acid. Reactions Upon heating, itaconic anhydride isomerizes to citraconic acid anhydride, which can be hydrolyzed to citraconic acid (2-methylmaleic acid). Steps in conversion of citric acid to citraconic acid via itaconic and aconitic acids. Partial hydrogenation of itaconic acid over Raney nickel affords 2-methylsuccinic acid. Itaconic acid is primarily used as a co-monomer in the production of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and acrylate latexes with applications in the paper and architectural coating industry. Properties and Application of Itaconic Acid Itaconic acid is a white crystalline powder having a hygroscopic property and a specific odor. Its melting point is 167–168 °C and the boiling point is 268 °C. Water solubility is 83.1 g l−1, and a solution (80 mg l−1) of itaconic acid in pure water has a pH of 2.0. The density of itaconic acid is 1.63 (20 °C). The pKa values of itaconic acid, its two dissociation steps, are 3.84 and 5.55 (25 °C). The equilibrium constants are K1 = 1.4 × 10−4 and K2 = 3.6 × 10−6 (25 °C). Itaconic acid is mainly used in the plastic and paint industry. It is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid, and can readily be incorporated into polymers and used at a concentration of 1–5% (w/w) as a comonomer in polymers. The polymerized methyl, ethyl, or vinyl esters of itaconic acid are used as plastics, adhesives elastomers, and coatings. Styrene butadiene copolymers containing itaconic acid yield rubber-like resins of excellent strength and flexibility and water-proofing coatings with good electrical insulation. Other fields for use are synthetic fibers, lattices, detergents, and cleaners. On the other hand, several mono- and diesters of partially substituted itaconic acid possess anti-inflammatory or analgesic activities, and a special new market has opened for the use of itaconic acid pharmaceutical fields. A small quantity of itaconic acid is used as acidulant. Itaconic acid (2-methylenesuccinic acid, 1-propene-2–3-dicarboxylic acid) is an unsaturated, weak dicarboxylic acid (pKa =3.83 and 5.41), discovered in 1837 as a thermal decomposition product of citric acid. The presence of the conjugated double bond of the methylene group allows polymerization both by addition and condensation. Esterification of the two carboxylic groups with different co-monomers is also possible (Kuenz et al., 2012). These diverse properties have led to a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical, architectural, paper, paint, and medical industries such as plastics, resins, paints, synthetic fibers, plasticizers, and detergents. Recently, itaconic acid applications have penetrated the dental, ophthalmic and drug delivery fields (Hajian and Yusoff, 2015). Itaconic acid polymers could even replace the petroleum-based polyacrylic acid, which has a multi-billion dollar market (Saha et al., 2019). Not surprisingly, the US Department of Energy assigned itaconic acid as one of the top 12 most promising building block chemicals for bio-based economy in 2004 (Werpy and Petersen, 2004). Little is known about the reasons why fungi produce itaconate. Like the other organic acids, as outlined above, also itaconic acid might serve as acidifier of the environment and thus provide selective advantage for the acid-tolerant A. terreus over other micro-organisms. However, itaconic acid also has clear inhibitory properties: in macrophages of mammals, bacterial infection prompts the induction of a gene encoding a cis-aconitate decarboxylase, resulting in itaconic acid formation that inhibits bacterial metabolism as part of the immune response. The effect has been attributed to the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase (McFadden et al., 1971), the latter being a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, required for the survival of pathogens inside a host. In turn, a few strains of these bacteria have evolved to be capable of degrading itaconate (Sasikaran et al., 2014). Itaconic acid also induces a transcription factor which is essential for protection against oxidative and xenobiotic stresses, and to attenuate inflammation (Kobayashi et al., 2013; Bambouskova et al., 2018). Whether a similar function of itaconate exists in the fungi producing it has not yet been studied. The biosynthetic pathway of itaconic acid resembles that of citric acid, the latter acid being a direct precursor of the former. The only difference is that citric acid in A. terreus is further metabolized via cis-aconitate to itaconate by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (Bonnarme et al., 1995). To this end, cis-aconitate is transported out of the mitochondria by a specific antiporter in exchange for oxaloacetate (Li et al., 2011a,b). Itaconic acid – formed upon cis-aconitate decarboxylation – is finally secreted out of mycelia by a specific cell membrane transporter. Genes encoding these three enzymes, and a fourth one encoding a transcription factor, constitute the “itaconate gene cluster” in the A. terreus genome, while the cluster is notably absent in A. niger. Although several itaconate producers have been tested, the plant pathogenic Basidiomycete Ustilago maydis (the corn smut fungus) – and particularly its low pH-stable relative Ustilago cynodontis (Hosseinpour Tehrani et al., 2019b) – seems to be the only one with a reasonable chance to become another industrial platform organism (Hosseinpour Tehrani et al., 2019a). Ustilago has developed an alternative biochemical pathway to synthetize itaconate inasmuch as cis-aconitate is converted to the thermodynamically favored trans-aconitate by aconitate-delta-isomerase. Trans-aconitate is then decarboxylated to itaconate by trans-aconitate-decarboxylase. Production of Itaconic Acid by Fermentation Processes Itaconic acid is produced in batch fermentation in a process largely similar to that of citric acid. The carbon source should be in an easily metabolizable form (glucose syroup, molasses, and crude starch hydrolysates) and diluted to approximately 10% wt. Phosphate limitation is necessary for growth restriction. Some trace metals should also be in limited amounts and this is usually achieved by treating the media with hexacyanoferratl or addition of copper. The pH is kept between 2.8 and 3.2. Lower pH values favor the formation of byproducts. Yields of 50–60% of the theoretical yield are obtained in 8–10 days [5]. For many years, there seems to be almost no research interest for the production of itaconic acid and the process remained unchanged since its introduction. The situation is different today. Itaconic acid is listed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) as one of the 12 building blocks with the highest potential to be produced by industrial biotechnology [11]. Its current low production limits its uses. Metabolic engineering strategies, as an approach for yield improvement, have not yet been applied with A. terreus, as they were restricted by the poor knowledge of the genetics of itaconic acid biosynthesis. Recently, however, three genes – crucial in itaconic acid production by A. terreus – were identified by researchers in Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO), the Netherlands [15]. Apart from the new knowledge on the genetics of biosynthesis, the development of new fermentation technologies and more sophisticated bioprocess control has led to renewed interest in improving itaconic acid production. Novel fed-batch strategies and continuous processes using immobilized cultures are being developed and investigated. Itaconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, which is used in industry as a precursor of polymers used in plastics, adhesives, and coatings. New uses of itaconic acid-derived polymers are under active investigation. The production of itaconic acid for 2001 was quoted as 15 000 tons. There is a renewed interest in this chemical as industry searches for substitutes of petroleum-derived chemicals. Virtually all itaconic acid produced is by fermentation by specific strains of A. terreus. Itaconic acid production is a further perversion of the Krebs cycle, citrate is converted as normally into cis-aconitate, which for reasons unknown is, in some organisms, decarboxylated into itaconitate, which has no known metabolic role in the cell. The fact that different strains of Aspergillus and more generally of fungi can divert metabolic pathways to the overproduction and secretion of useful chemicals, coupled with the fact that these organisms can grow on residues of processes such as sugar and ethanol production, open the possibility of engineering pathways to produce high value chemicals through ‘green’, low polluting, waste-eliminating procedures. Production Itaconic Acid Itaconic acid is an example of a di-carbonic unsaturated acid. These acids are used as building blocks for large numbers of compounds, such as resins, paints, plastics, and synthetic fibers (acrylic plastic, super absorbants, and antiscaling agents) [67]. The CAC intermediate cis-aconitate is enzymatically processed by cis-aconitate dehycarboxylase (CadA) to produce itaconic acid [68]. At the industrial scale the most explored organism for the fermentative production of itaconic acid is Aspergillus terrus. The biosynthetic pathway of itaconic acid is like citrate biosynthesis, where the flux of the CAC is used in the catalytic conversion of cis-aconitate into itaconic acid. Thus citrate is synthesized from oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA, while oxaloacetate is synthesized from pyruvate by anaplerosis, which starts from the pyruvate that is the end product of glycolysis (Fig. 13.17). Itaconic acid (methylenesuccinic acid, C5H6O4) (Figure 17) is a white colorless crystalline, hygroscopic powder soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. It is an unsaturated diprotic acid, which derives its unique chemical properties from the conjugation of one of its two carboxylic acid groups with its methylene group. Itaconic acid was discovered by Baup in 1837 as a product of pyrolytic distillation of citric acid. The name itaconic was devised as an anagram of aconitic. Itaconic acid is formed in fermentation of some sugars. In 1929, Kinoshita first showed the acid to be a metabolic product of Aspergillus itaconicus. A derivative of itaconic acid (trans-phenylitaconic acid) was isolated from another natural source (Artemisia argyi). The biosynthetic pathway of itaconic acid from glucose is similar to that of citric acid, which occurs via the glycolytic pathway and anaplerotic formation of oxaloacetate by CO2 fixation and via the TCA cycle (Figure 2). Itaconic acid is formed by the cytosolic enzyme aconitate decarboxylase from cis-aconitic acid. Another biosynthetic pathway from pyruvate through citramalic acid, citraconic acid, and itartaric acid also results in itaconic acid (Figure 18). In contrast to several other organic acids (e.g., citric, isocitric, lactic, fumaric, and l-malic acid) itaconic acid is used exclusively in nonfood applications, especially in the polymer industry. Itaconic acid derivatives are used in medicine, cosmetics, lubricants, thickeners, and herbicides (e.g., substituted itaconic acid anilides). Itaconic acid is produced solely by batch submerged fungal fermentation. Aspergillus terreus has been used from the 1940s in the fermentation process, which is similar to that of citric acid (see ‘Citric acid’), that is, it requires an excess of readily metabolizable sugar (glucose syrup, crude starch hydrolysates, and decationized molasses – up to 200 g l−1 sugar), continuous aeration, a low initial pH (between 3 and 5), sufficient nitrogen, high magnesium sulfate concentration (0.5%), low phosphate to limit biomass production, and a limitation in metal ions (zinc, copper, and iron). However, there exists one significant difference in that the sensitivity of this fungus to the formed acid, in contrast to A. niger, necessitates maintaining of the pH at 2.8–3.1 throughout the fermentation, in order to obtain high amounts of the acid. At present, the published production yield of itaconic acid is about 85% of theoretical, accompanied by product concentrations of about 80 g l−1 during a cultivation at 39–42 °C for 8–10 days. Recovery of itaconic acid is accomplished by first separating the fungal biomass by filtration followed by evaporation, treatment with active carbon, and crystallization and recrystallization. Actual markets for itaconic acid are currently limited because the fungal fermentation is carried out at a relatively high cost. New biotechnological approaches, such as published immobilization techniques, screening programs for other producing organisms (such as yeast), and genetic engineering of A. terreus (the annotated genome sequence of A terreus strain NIH 2624 has been publicly released), or of A. niger, could lead to higher production of itaconic acid. Also, the use of alternative substrates may reduce costs and thus open the market for new and expanded applications of this acid. This valuable acid can be produced by several organisms, such as Candida sp., Pseudozyma antarctica, and several species of Aspergillus [49], but the two most common microorganisms used are Aspergillus terreus, used in industrial processes, and Ustilago maydis, which is currently being actively investigated as a possible industrial product. The acid is used commercially as a comonomer in some synthetic rubbers (styrene-butadiene and nitrilic) and as a plasticizer in the formulation of other polymers. Its production is traditionally done using sugars as raw materials, in a technology that was developed in the first half of the 20th century [50], but that was not developed due to the low competitivity of the acid with the petrochemical acrylic acid. With the development of integrated and sustainable processes, the interest in the bioproduction of itaconic acid is renewed. Itaconic acid, or methylidenesuccinic acid, is an organic compound. This dicarboxylic acid is a white solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. Historically, itaconic acid was obtained by the distillation of citric acid, but currently it is produced by fermentation. The name itaconic acid was devised as an anagram of aconitic acid, another derivative of citric acid. Production Since the 1960s, it is produced industrially by the fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose or molasses using fungi such as Aspergillus itaconicus or Aspergillus terreus. For A. terreus the itaconate pathway is mostly elucidated. The generally accepted route for itaconate is via glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and a decarboxylation of cis-aconitate to itaconate via cis-aconitate-decarboxylase. The smut fungus Ustilago maydis uses an alternative route. Cis-aconitate is converted to the thermodynamically favoured trans-aconitate via aconitate-Δ-isomerase (Adi1). trans-Aconitate is further decarboxylated to itaconate by trans-aconitate-decarboxylase (Tad1). Itaconic acid is also produced in cells of macrophage lineage. It was shown that itaconate is a covalent inhibitor of the enzyme isocitrate lyase in vitro. As such, itaconate may possess antibacterial activities against bacteria expressing isocitrate lyase (such as Salmonella enterica and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). However, cells of macrophage lineage have to "pay the price" for making itaconate, and they lose the ability to perform mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation. Dry distillation of citric acid affords itaconic anhydride, which undergoes hydrolysis to itaconic acid. Reactions Upon heating, itaconic anhydride isomerizes to citraconic acid anhydride, which can be hydrolyzed to citraconic acid (2-methylmaleic acid). Steps in conversion of citric acid to citraconic acid via itaconic and aconitic acids. Partial hydrogenation of itaconic acid over Raney nickel affords 2-methylsuccinic acid. Itaconic acid is primarily used as a co-monomer in the production of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and acrylate latexes with applications in the paper and architectural coating industry. Itaconic acid is produced using A. terreus, from simple sugars. The production can be done using submerged solid fermentation, and the typical substrates are derived from sugar production, such as molasses. The accepted mechanism for itaconic acid production consists of the conversion of cis-aconitate to itaconate by an enzymatically catalyzed decarboxylation [53] (Fig. 18.6). Cis-aconitate is part of the Krebs cycle, so that the process is aerobic—actually extremely oxygen dependent, as determined by Gyamerah [54]. Calcium and zinc are important [55], as well as copper [56], and the maintenance of a low phosphate level is essential [53]. The ideal temperature is 40°C, and pH must be reduced to 2 to start the production. The process is extremely aerobic for the first 72 h of the process, with yields around 60%w/w (product/substrate) [55]. The final concentration ranges between 30 and 60 g/L depending on the substrate [56–58]. After fermentation, the broth is clarified and the free acid can be concentrated and crystallized, but if a base is used for partial neutralization during the process (which can increase the yield), it is necessary to remove the cations used in the crystallization. The production of itaconic acid in SSF is still elusive: reports describe productions on the order of 5–40 g/kg dry substrate [59]. Some of the reports that describe higher yields, around 60%, actually use a support soaked with a nutritive solution [60,61]. A comparison between synthetic liquid and solid media showed that the process in SSF has a lower conversion (16%–23%) than that of the submerged process (around 60%). There is no definite explanation for the lower production in solid-state yet, but there seems to be an excess of phosphate or the lack of essential nutrients in most solid substrates tested for itaconic acid reduction. First obtained from the distillation of citric acid, since 1960 itaconic acid has been produced by fermentation of carbohydrates by A. terreus (Mitsuyasu et al., 2009; Hajian and Yusoff, 2015). Itaconic acid has been applied in a numerous range of industries with the larger producers in the world being the USA, Japan, Russia, and China (Global Industry Analysts Inc., 2011). During the 1950s, itaconic acid was used in industrial adhesives. In that period, itaconic acid was used at an industrial scale and large amounts of it were required. It has been employed as a detergent and in shampoos, as well as in plastics, elastomers, fiberglass, and in the coating process of carpets and book covers (Mitsuyasu et al., 2009; Jin et al., 2010). Besides that itaconic acid may also be used as artificial gems and synthetic glasses (Kin et al., 1998). Lately, the applications of the compound have reached the biomedical fields, such as the ophthalmic, dental and drug delivery fields (Hajian and Yusoff, 2015). Several studies have focused on improving and optimizing the production of itaconic acid from A. terreus in recent years. The biotechnological aspects involved in the metabolic pathways of itaconic acid and the production process parameters have been reviewed by Klement and Büchs (2013). Regarding the production, Amina et al. (2013) obtained itaconic acid using oil byproduct jatropha curcas seed cake, while Li et al. (2011), Huang et al. (2014), and van der Straat et al. (2014) studied the itaconic acid production by using genetic engineering techniques. In this process the relevant pathways have been revealed and new microbial production platforms designed, contributing to an enhanced production of itaconic acid. Furthermore, the reduction of its production costs is an important aspect for itaconic acid producers, either by optimizing processes or by using cost-favorable raw materials. Itaconic acid or methylene succinic acid is a high-value platform chemical that finds application in polymer industry, wastewater treatment, and ion-exchange chromatography sector (Willke and Vorlop, 2001). It can be converted to 3-methyltetrahydrofuran that has superior emission and combustion properties when compared to gasoline. Industrial production of itaconic acid is carried out with A. terreus using glucose as the sole carbon source. Itaconic acid production by metabolically engineered Neurospora crassa using lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated by Zhao et al. (2018). Cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase gene was heterologously expressed in N. crassa to synthesize itaconic acid. The engineered strain was capable of producing itaconic acid (20.41 mg/L) directly from lignocellulosic biomass. Itaconic acid production from biomass hydrolyzate using Aspergillus strains was reported by Jiménez-Quero et al. (2016). Acid and enzymatic hydrolyzates were evaluated for the production of itaconic acid. Maximum itaconic acid production (0.14%) was observed when submerged fermentation was carried out with corncob hydrolyzate by A. oryzae. The study reveals the possibility of SSF of biomass for the production of itaconic acid. Klement et al. (2012) evaluated itaconic acid production by Ustilago maydis from hemicellulosic fraction of pretreated beech wood. One of the advantages of U. maydis is that the strain grows as yeast-like single cells, and it can survive under high osmotic stress. The study revealed that under mild pretreatment conditions, U. maydis would be a promising candidate for itaconic acid production. Fine tuning of pretreatment conditions should be carried out for the improved production of itaconic acid. Production Itaconic Acid Itaconic acid is an example of a di-carbonic unsaturated acid. These acids are used as building blocks for large numbers of compounds, such as resins, paints, plastics, and synthetic fibers (acrylic plastic, super absorbants, and antiscaling agents) [67]. The CAC intermediate cis-aconitate is enzymatically processed by cis-aconitate dehycarboxylase (CadA) to produce itaconic acid [68]. At the industrial scale the most explored organism for the fermentative production of itaconic acid is Aspergillus terrus. The biosynthetic pathway of itaconic acid is like citrate biosynthesis, where the flux of the CAC is used in the catalytic conversion of cis-aconitate into itaconic acid. Thus citrate is synthesized from oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA, while oxaloacetate is synthesized from pyruvate by anaplerosis, which starts from the pyruvate that is the end product of glycolysis (Fig. 13.17) [69]. Itaconic acid (IA) can be used: • As a comonomer in the polymerization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to promote the thermo-oxidative stabilization of polymer.[1] • In combination with acrylamide to form (poly[acrylamide-co-(itaconicacid)]) to synthesize biodegradable superabsorbent polymers.[2] • To synthesize biobased polyester composite in fabric industry. Itaconic acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid which has a high potential as a biochemical building block, because it can be used as a monomer for the production of a plethora of products including resins, plastics, paints, and synthetic fibers. Some Aspergillus species, like A. itaconicus and A. terreus, show the ability to synthesize this organic acid and A. terreus can secrete significant amounts to the media (>80 g/L). However, compared with the citric acid production process (titers >200 g/L) the achieved titers are still low and the overall process is expensive because purified substrates are required for optimal productivity. Itaconate is formed by the enzymatic activity of a cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) encoded by the cadA gene in A. terreus. Cloning of the cadA gene into the citric acid producing fungus A. niger showed that it is possible to produce itaconic acid also in a different host organism. This review will describe the current status and recent advances in the understanding of the molecular processes leading to the biotechnological production of itaconic acid. Itaconic acid (2-methylidenebutanedioic acid) is an unsaturated di-carbonic acid. It has a broad application spectrum in the industrial production of resins and is used as a building block for acrylic plastics, acrylate latexes, super-absorbents, and anti-scaling agents (Willke and Vorlop, 2001; Okabe et al., 2009). Since the 1960s the production of itaconic acid is achieved by the fermentation with Aspergillus terreus on sugar containing media (Willke and Vorlop, 2001). Although also other microorganisms like Ustilago zeae (Haskins et al., 1955), U. maydis, Candida sp. (Tabuchi et al., 1981), and Rhodotorula sp. (Kawamura et al., 1981) were found to produce itaconic acid, A. terreus is still the dominant production host, because so far only bred strains of this species can reach levels of up to 80–86 g/L (Okabe et al., 2009; Kuenz et al., 2012). Since the 1990s, itaconic acid as a renewable material is attracting a lot of interest. Currently, the worldwide production capacity of itaconic acid is expected to be about 50 kt per year, facing a demand of about 30 kt (Shaw, 2013, Itaconix Corporation, personal communication). Especially, for the production of polymers it is of interest, because in the future it can function as a substitute for acrylic and methacrylic acid used for the production of plastics (Okabe et al., 2009). However, these applications require an even lower price of the starting material. The current knowledge about the biotechnological production of itaconic acid was recently reviewed (Willke and Vorlop, 2001; Okabe et al., 2009). The latter review covers the industrial production of itaconic acid and the applications of this product. Therefore, we focus in this report on the recent advances with an emphasis on the biochemistry of the process and new genetic engineering targets. For rational strain improvement, it is essential to understand the underlying biological concepts and biochemical pathways leading to the production of this important organic acid in microorganisms. Biosynthesis Pathway Kinoshita (1932) recognized that a filamentous fungus was able to produce itaconic acid and consequently described this species as A. itaconicus. The biosynthesis of itaconic acid was for a long time hotly debated, because it was not clear whether itaconic acid arises from a pathway including parts of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or an alternative pathway via citramalate or the condensation of acetyl-CoA. Bentley and Thiessen (1957a) proposed a pathway for the biosynthesis of itaconic acid, which is depicted in Figure 1. Starting from a sugar substrate like glucose the carbon molecules are processed via glycolysis to pyruvate. Then the pathway is split and part of the carbon is metabolized to Acetyl-CoA releasing a carbon dioxide molecule. The other part is converted to oxaloacetate so that the previously released carbon dioxide molecule is again incorporated. In the first steps of the citric acid cycle, citrate and cis-aconitate are formed. In the last step, the only itaconic acid pathway dedicated step, cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) forms itaconic acid releasing carbon dioxide. This pathway was confirmed by tracer experiments with 14C and 13C labeled substrates (Bentley and Thiessen, 1957a; Winskill, 1983; Bonnarme et al., 1995) and also the necessary enzymatic activities have been all determined (Jaklitsch et al., 1991). The formation of carboxylic acids, like citric and itaconic acid, involves the shuttling of intermediate metabolites between different intracellular compartments and utilizes the different enzymatic capabilities of the respective compartment. In case of itaconic acid the compartmentalization of the pathway was analyzed by fractionized cell extracts distinguishing the enzymatic activity of a mitochondrial from a cytosolic enzyme. It was found that the key enzyme of the pathway, CadA, is not located in the mitochondria but in the cytosol (Jaklitsch et al., 1991), whereas the enzymes preceding in the pathway, namely citrate synthase and aconitase, are found in the mitochondria. However, a residual level of aconitase and citrate synthase activity is also found in the cytosolic fraction. The proposed mechanism is that cis-aconitate is transported via the malate–citrate antiporter into the cytosol (Jaklitsch et al., 1991). However, so far it was not shown whether cis-aconitate makes use of the mitochondrial malate–citrate antiporter or uses another mitochondrial carrier protein to be translocated to the cytosol. Besides A. terreus, itaconic acid is known to be produced also by other fungi like U. zeae (Haskins et al., 1955), U. maydis (Haskins et al., 1955; Klement et al., 2012), Candida sp. (Tabuchi et al., 1981), and Rhodotorula sp. (Kawamura et al., 1981). No further investigations exist about the underlying reaction principles leading to itaconic acid formation in those species. However, recent evidence (Strelko et al., 2011; Voll et al., 2012) points into the direction that CadA activity constitutes the general pathway toward the formation of itaconic acid in nature. Very recently, itaconic acid was detected in mammalian cells, where it was found in macrophage-derived cells (Strelko et al., 2011). Those cells also possess a CadA activity and have the ability to form itaconic acid de novo. But, up to now no specific gene encoding this enzymatic activity was identified in mammalian cells. However, the physiological role of itaconic acid in mammalian cells is still unknown. Strelko et al. (2011) speculate on the role of itaconic acid as an inhibitor of metabolic pathways, because it is described as an enzymatic inhibitor. On the one hand, itaconic acid is known to inhibit isocitrate lyase (Williams et al., 1971; McFadden and Purohit, 1977), which is the crucial part of the glyoxylate shunt, and thus can act as an antibacterial agent. On the other hand, itaconic acid can inhibit fructose-6-phosphate 2-kinase (Sakai et al., 2004) and thus have a direct influence on the central carbon metabolism. In rats it was shown that a itaconate diet leads to a reduced visceral fat accumulation, because of a suppressed glycolytic flux (Sakai et al., 2004). Itaconic Acid Pathway Specific Enzymes and Genes The reaction catalyzed by the cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase was already described in 1957 (Bentley and Thiessen, 1957a,b). Subsequently performed 13C and 14C labeling experiments (Winskill, 1983; Bonnarme et al., 1995) confirmed the reaction scheme depicted in Figure 2. Itaconic acid is formed by an allylic rearrangement and decarboxylation from cis-aconitic acid removing either carbon C1 or C5 from the starting citric acid molecule (because of the symmetry of the molecule). Catabolization of Itaconic Acid Much is known about the biosynthesis of itaconic acid and the underlying enzymatic mechanisms, but for a complete biochemical picture of a certain metabolite, also the knowledge about its degradation is necessary. Unfortunately, the information about the degradation pathway of itaconic acid is sc

A product of the fermentationof the flamentous fungus Aspergillus niger.
Itaconic acid is usedcommercially in the production ofadhesives and paints.
Itaconic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.

CAS: 97-65-4
MF: C5H6O4
MW: 130.1
EINECS: 202-599-6

Itaconic acid, or methylidenesuccinic acid, is an organic compound.
Itaconic acid is a white solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone.
Historically, Itaconic acid was obtained by the distillation of citric acid, but currently it is produced by fermentation.
The name Itaconic acid was devised as an anagram of aconitic acid, another derivative of citric acid.

Itaconic acid is an unsaturated binary organic acid.
Chemical properties are more active, easy to polymerize, and can also be copolymerized with other monomers, such as acrylic, succinic acid, and styrene.
Soluble in water, ethanol and acetone, slightly soluble in chloroform, benzene and ether.
Itaconic acid has a special smell and can sublimate under vacuum.
Itaconic acid can also be copolymerized with other monomers.
Itaconic acid is not easy to volatilize and can be decomposed by overheating.

Itaconic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 165-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 268°C
Density: 1.573 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.0000115 Pa (20 °C)
Refractive index: 1.4980 (estimate)
Fp: 268°C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 77.49g/l
Form: Crystalline Powder or Crystals
pka: 3.85(at 25℃)
Specific Gravity: 1.573
Color: White to light beige
PH: 3.5(1 mM solution);2.95(10 mM solution);2.43(100 mM solution);
Water Solubility: Soluble in water, acetone, methanol, hexane and ethanol.
Slightly soluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide and petroleum ether.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5242
BRN: 1759501
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.301 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 97-65-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Itaconic acid (97-65-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Itaconic acid (97-65-4)

Uses
Itaconic acid is used in the preparation of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and acrylate latexes.
Itaconic acid is also used to prepare poly-itaconic acid, resins biofuel components and ionomer cements.
Itaconic acid finds application in the textile, chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Itaconic acid is also used as an additive in fibers and ion exchange resins to increase abrasion, waterproofing, physical resistance, dying affinity and better duration.
Further, Itaconic acid acts as a co-monomer used in the preparation of acrylic fibers and rubbers, reinforced glass fiber, artificial diamonds and lens.
In addition to this, Itaconic acid acts as a binder and sizing agent in non-weaving fibers.
The major uses for Itaconic acid are in copolymerizations, resins, plasticizers, and as lube oil additives.

1. Itaconic acid and its polymer add a small amount of natural substances can be made into efficient deodorant, with ammonia, amine alkaline odor and hydrogen sulfide and other acidic odor reaction, can also be made with deodorant function of paper, plastic film and other products.

2. Itaconic acid and styrene and butadiene copolymerization can be made into S.B.R latex, can be used for paper coating, so that the paper is strong and strong and the printing pattern is bright; Used for metal, concrete coating, easy to color and not affected by natural conditions; For paint additives can improve the quality of paint; For carpet sizing can make the synthetic fiber carpet durable.

3. Itaconic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or its ester polymerization resin, can be used for surface coating and emulsion paint.
As a leather coating can increase the plasticity of leather; Used for automobile, electrical appliances, cold storage coatings with strong adhesion, color and appearance and resistance to adverse weather and other advantages; Used as electrophoretic coating with excellent adhesion; the addition of polyvalent metal oxide can be made into a dental adhesive with good extrusion performance, strong adhesion and good physiological adaptability.
The addition of chloroalkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride can be made into a water-soluble coating for food packaging materials, bacterial contamination of the packaging surface can be reduced.

4. Itaconic acid esters can be used in paint, weak acid ion exchange resin, lubricating oil additives, binders and plasticizers, powder pressure plastic and sealant.

5. Itaconic acid to form other derivatives can be used as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics reagents, lubricants, thickeners, herbicides and improve the performance of silk and wool fabrics.

6. Itaconic acid is a raw material for the production of citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, etc.

Itaconic acid used as comonomer of polyacrylonitrile fiber, can also be used in the preparation of plasticizers, lubricant additives, etc.
Preparation of synthetic fiber, an important monomer of synthetic resin and plastic, ion exchange resin; Can also be used as a carpet mounting agent, paper coating agent, binder, paint dispersion latex.
Ester Derivatives of Itaconic acid can be used for Copolymerization of styrene and the like or plasticizers of polyvinyl chloride.

Production
Since the 1960s, Itaconic acid is produced industrially by the fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose or molasses using fungi such as Aspergillus itaconicus or Aspergillus terreus.

For A. terreus the Itaconic acid pathway is mostly elucidated.
The generally accepted route for Itaconic acid is via glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and a decarboxylation of cis-aconitate to itaconate via cis-aconitate-decarboxylase.

The smut fungus Ustilago maydis uses an alternative route.
Cis-aconitate is converted to the thermodynamically favoured trans-aconitate via aconitate-Δ-isomerase (Adi1).
trans-Aconitate is further decarboxylated to itaconate by trans-aconitate-decarboxylase.

Itaconic acid is also produced in cells of macrophage lineage.
Itaconic acid was shown that itaconate is a covalent inhibitor of the enzyme isocitrate lyase in vitro.
As such, itaconate may possess antibacterial activities against bacteria expressing isocitrate lyase (such as Salmonella enterica and Mycobacterium tuberculosis).

However, cells of macrophage lineage have to "pay the price" for making itaconate, and they lose the ability to perform mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation.

Laboratory synthesis
Dry distillation of citric acid affords itaconic anhydride, which undergoes hydrolysis to itaconic acid.

Synonyms
Itaconic acid
97-65-4
2-Methylenesuccinic acid
METHYLENESUCCINIC ACID
2-methylidenebutanedioic acid
Methylenebutanedioic acid
Propylenedicarboxylic acid
Butanedioic acid, methylene-
itaconate
2-Propene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Succinic acid, methylene-
2-methylenebutanedioic acid
MFCD00004260
AI3-16901
25119-64-6
2-Methylene-Succinic Acid
CHEMBL359159
butanedioic acid, 2-methylene-
DTXSID2026608
CHEBI:30838
NSC3357
NSC-3357
Q4516562YH
DTXCID006608
CAS-97-65-4
HSDB 5308
methylene-butanedioicaci
NSC 3357
EINECS 202-599-6
Methylenesuccinate
UNII-Q4516562YH
ITN
Methylenebutanedioate
2-Methylenesuccinate
Methylensuccinic Acid
Propylenedicarboxylate
2-methylenebutanedioate
Itaconic acid, >=99%
bmse000137
Probes1_000076
Probes2_000247
EC 202-599-6
2-Methylenesuccinic acid #
ITACONIC ACID [MI]
NCIStruc1_001783
NCIStruc2_000502
2-methylene-butanedioic acid
NCIOpen2_004822
SCHEMBL21523
ITACONIC ACID [INCI]
2-Propene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Itaconic acid, analytical standard
Succinic acid, methylene- (8CI)
HY-Y0520
Tox21_201299
Tox21_303071
BBL011584
BDBM50036216
LMFA01170063
s3095
STL163322
AKOS000118895
2-Hydroxy-3-Naphthoyl-2-Naphthylamine
SB67306
Butanedioic acid,ethylidene-,(E)-(9ci)
NCGC00249019-01
NCGC00257141-01
NCGC00258851-01
AS-11816
CS-0015302
FT-0627543
M0223
EN300-18045
C00490
E80791
Q903311
Z57127539
F2191-0234
2-METHYLENE,1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID (ITACONIC ACID)
53EEC7A3-4846-4588-BBC9-CB8846377B96

Itaconic acid, also known as methylidenesuccinic acid, is a organic compound with the molecular formula C5H6O4.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid and an unsaturated compound.
The IUPAC name for itaconic acid is 2-methylidenebutanedioic acid.

CAS Number: 97-65-4
EC Number: 202-599-6

Itaconic acid, Methylidenebutanedioic acid, 2-Methylidenebutanedioic acid, Methylenesuccinic acid, 2-Methylenebutanedioic acid, Dihydroxymethylene succinic acid, Methylenebutanedioic acid, Methylenesuccinic acid, Methylenesuccinic acid, Dihydroxy, Methylenesuccinic acid, cis-Methylenesuccinic acid, Dihydroxydihydrofurandione, Dihydroxy-methylene succinic acid, Methylenesuccinic acid, Methylenesuccinic acid, Maleic acid anhydride, Propylene dicarboxylic acid, Methylenesuccinic acid, Disodium itaconate, 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid, 3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid, Itaconnic acid, Acide itaconique, Itakonova kyselina, Itakonsav, Itakonska kiselina, Itakonsyra, Méthylidènebutanedioïque acide, Zouten van itaconzuur, Methylenbutandisaeure, Itakonsav, Itaconnic acid, Itaconic acid



APPLICATIONS


Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds extensive use as a precursor in the production of various polymers.
One notable application is its role in the synthesis of polyitaconic acid, a polymer with diverse applications.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the creation of poly(methyl methacrylate), a widely used transparent plastic.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) serves as a monomer in the preparation of copolymers with other compounds for tailored properties.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) has applications in the formulation of superabsorbent polymers used in diapers and hygiene products.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is utilized in the creation of resins and coatings with enhanced performance characteristics.

In the textile industry, it contributes to the development of coatings for fabrics and fibers.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its potential in the production of biodegradable polymers, aligning with sustainable practices.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the synthesis of graft copolymers with improved material properties.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the development of adhesives with enhanced bonding characteristics.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the creation of ion-exchange resins for water treatment processes.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is used in the production of controlled-release drug formulations.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is investigated for its use in the creation of biocompatible materials for medical applications.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the development of eco-friendly and sustainable packaging materials.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the preparation of biodegradable and water-soluble polymers for diverse applications.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is utilized in the development of coatings for controlled-release fertilizers in agriculture.
In the cosmetic and personal care industry, it is used in the formulation of certain skincare products.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) has applications in the creation of specialty chemicals and additives for various industries.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its use in the production of bio-based plastics with reduced environmental impact.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the synthesis of environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional petroleum-based materials.
In the field of dentistry, it is studied for potential applications in the development of dental materials.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the creation of materials with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is utilized in the preparation of water-soluble polymers for industrial processes.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the creation of coatings for controlled drug release in medical devices.
Its versatility allows for applications in research, serving as a building block for innovative materials and technologies.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the production of biodegradable and environmentally friendly plastics.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the creation of water-soluble polymers for various industrial processes.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the development of adhesives with improved strength and durability.

In the field of wastewater treatment, it is used in the formulation of flocculants for solid-liquid separation.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is utilized in the synthesis of polymers with enhanced rheological properties for specific applications.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the creation of ion-sensitive hydrogels used in controlled drug delivery systems.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its potential use in the production of conductive polymers for electronics.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is utilized in the development of biocompatible materials for tissue engineering and medical implants.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the creation of coatings for controlled drug release in pharmaceuticals.
In the food industry, Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed as a chelating agent and stabilizer for certain food products.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors for metal protection.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is used in the creation of specialty chemicals such as plasticizers and surfactants.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its potential use in the development of bio-based lubricants.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the creation of bio-based and sustainable alternatives to traditional petroleum-derived chemicals.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the preparation of water-based paints and coatings for eco-friendly applications.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is utilized in the development of biomaterials for drug delivery and medical applications.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the creation of environmentally friendly inks and dyes.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its use in the development of bio-based and biodegradable detergents.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the production of bio-based plasticizers for polymeric materials.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the creation of responsive materials for sensors and actuators.
In the oil and gas industry, it is used in the formulation of chemicals for enhanced oil recovery.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the creation of specialty coatings for corrosion protection in various industries.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the formulation of polymers with stimuli-responsive behavior.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is utilized in the development of bio-based and sustainable materials for 3D printing.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the research and development of innovative materials with diverse applications across industries.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is utilized in the creation of environmentally friendly and sustainable adhesives.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a crucial role in the formulation of biodegradable and water-soluble films.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the production of bio-based and eco-friendly detergents.

In the field of agriculture, it is employed in the development of environmentally sustainable agrochemicals.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the creation of polymers used in the manufacturing of biodegradable packaging materials.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its potential use in the production of bio-based and non-toxic herbicides.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is used in the synthesis of polymers with applications in controlled drug release systems.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds utility in the creation of bio-based and sustainable materials for water treatment.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the formulation of coatings for controlled-release fertilizers in agricultural practices.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable paints and coatings.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the creation of biomaterials with applications in tissue engineering.
In the textile industry, it is utilized in the creation of sustainable finishes for fabrics.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its use in the development of bio-based and eco-friendly lubricants.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the formulation of bio-based and sustainable drilling fluids in the oil and gas sector.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the creation of bio-based and non-toxic corrosion inhibitors.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is used in the development of sustainable and eco-friendly fuel additives.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the formulation of bio-based and environmentally friendly hydraulic fluids.
In the field of cosmetics, it is explored for its use in the development of sustainable skincare products.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the creation of bio-based and non-toxic cleaning agents.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is utilized in the production of sustainable and biodegradable mulching films for agriculture.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the formulation of eco-friendly and biodegradable coatings for food packaging.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its potential use in the creation of sustainable and biocompatible medical implants.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the synthesis of bio-based and non-toxic plasticizers for polymers.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is used in the formulation of bio-based and eco-friendly inks for printing applications.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to ongoing research efforts aimed at developing sustainable solutions across various industries.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the formulation of bio-based and environmentally friendly anti-scaling agents for water treatment.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the creation of sustainable and biodegradable soil conditioners for agriculture.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its potential use in the development of eco-friendly and non-toxic corrosion-resistant coatings.
In the realm of biomaterials, it is utilized for creating bio-based and biocompatible scaffolds for tissue regeneration.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the formulation of sustainable and non-toxic de-icing agents for winter road maintenance.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the development of bio-based and environmentally friendly flame retardants for materials.

In the construction industry, it is used in the formulation of sustainable and fire-resistant building materials.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the creation of bio-based and non-toxic concrete admixtures for construction applications.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the production of eco-friendly and biodegradable polymeric films for food packaging.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the formulation of sustainable and non-toxic ink resins for printing applications.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its potential use in the development of bio-based and environmentally friendly lubricating oils.
In the synthesis of bio-based polymers, it is utilized to create sustainable and high-performance materials for various industries.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the formulation of eco-friendly and non-toxic pest control agents for agriculture.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the creation of sustainable and biodegradable surfactants for cleaning products.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is used in the development of bio-based and non-toxic foaming agents for various applications.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the formulation of sustainable and non-toxic plastic additives for enhancing material properties.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its use in the creation of bio-based and environmentally friendly textiles and fabrics.
In the automotive industry, it is employed in the formulation of bio-based and non-toxic additives for lubricants and coolants.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the development of sustainable and non-toxic coatings for automotive applications.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is used in the creation of bio-based and environmentally friendly adhesives for wood and composite materials.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the formulation of sustainable and non-toxic sealants for construction applications.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) finds applications in the production of eco-friendly and non-toxic colorants for various industries.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is explored for its potential use in the development of bio-based and sustainable leather tanning agents.
In the electronics industry, it is employed in the formulation of bio-based and non-toxic additives for electronic materials.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) plays a role in the creation of sustainable and non-toxic additives for the manufacturing of renewable energy devices.



DESCRIPTION


Itaconic acid, also known as methylidenesuccinic acid, is a organic compound with the molecular formula C5H6O4.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid and an unsaturated compound.
The IUPAC name for itaconic acid is 2-methylidenebutanedioic acid.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is a crystalline, white, odorless solid at room temperature.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is known for its unsaturated nature due to the presence of a double bond in its molecular structure.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) has a chemical formula of C5H6O4, reflecting its composition as a five-carbon organic compound.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is soluble in water, contributing to its versatility in various applications.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is derived from certain fungi, particularly in the Aspergillus genus, where it occurs naturally.
In industrial processes, Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is often produced through fermentation, using microorganisms like Aspergillus terreus.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) serves as a precursor in the synthesis of polymers, contributing to the production of biodegradable materials.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is recognized for its potential in the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly products.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) exhibits two carboxylic acid groups, making it a dicarboxylic acid with acidic properties.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is employed in the synthesis of various chemicals, showcasing its versatility in organic chemistry.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) has found applications in the production of certain resins and coatings.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is a key component in the creation of polyitaconic acid and poly(methyl methacrylate), important polymers in the industry.
Its structure features a double bond between carbon atoms, contributing to its role as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is investigated for its potential use in the development of biodegradable polymers, aligning with sustainable practices.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is known for its mild acidic properties and is considered safe for certain applications in personal care products.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) has been studied for its role in the creation of environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional plastics.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is characterized by its stable solid form, making it suitable for various processing methods.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) contributes to the creation of polymers with unique properties, such as high biodegradability.
Its molecular structure includes a distinctive methylene group, influencing its reactivity in chemical reactions.

The versatility of Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) extends to its applications in both academia and industrial settings.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) exhibits potential as a platform chemical for the development of new materials and products.
Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) has gained attention for its role in sustainable practices, addressing environmental concerns in the chemical industry.

Itaconic acid (Methylidenesuccinic acid) is an essential component in the research and development of green and bio-based technologies.
Its biocompatibility has made it a subject of interest in various fields, including medical and pharmaceutical research.
Itaconic acid, with its unique properties, stands at the forefront of innovations aimed at creating more sustainable and eco-friendly materials.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C5H6O4
Molecular Weight: 130.10 g/mol
Appearance: Crystalline, white, odorless solid
Solubility: Soluble in water
Melting Point: Approximately 165-168°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: 1.45 g/cm³
pH: Typically acidic
Structural Feature: Contains a double bond in its molecular structure, making it unsaturated
Functional Groups: Dicarboxylic acid with two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH)
Isomeric Forms: Exists in cis and trans isomeric forms due to the presence of the double bond.
Biodegradability: Exhibits biodegradability, making it environmentally friendly.
Reactivity: Exhibits reactivity in polymerization reactions.
Source: Can be derived from certain fungi, particularly Aspergillus terreus, or produced synthetically.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Itaconic acid fumes are inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If the person is experiencing difficulty breathing, provide artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention promptly, especially if respiratory symptoms persist.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and immediately wash the affected skin with plenty of water.
Use mild soap if available and rinse thoroughly.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.
Contaminated clothing should be removed and washed before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable after the initial flushing.


Ingestion:

If Itaconic acid is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Provide medical personnel with information on the quantity ingested, the time of ingestion, and the person's overall health condition.


General First Aid Tips:

Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with or handling Itaconic acid to minimize the risk of exposure.
If providing first aid, ensure your safety first and avoid direct contact with the chemical.
Keep emergency contact information, including the number for poison control, readily available in the workplace.
If someone exhibits signs of distress or severe symptoms, call for emergency medical assistance immediately.
Follow any additional first aid measures recommended by medical professionals based on the specific circumstances of exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and a laboratory coat or protective clothing.
Use a fume hood or work in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.

Avoidance of Contact:
Minimize skin contact and avoid eye contact with Itaconic acid.
In case of potential exposure, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.

Inhalation Precautions:
Use local exhaust ventilation systems to control airborne concentrations.
If working with high concentrations, consider using respiratory protection equipment.

Storage Temperature:
Store Itaconic acid in a cool, dry place away from heat sources.
Maintain temperatures within the recommended range to prevent degradation.

Handling Equipment:
Use corrosion-resistant equipment and containers, such as those made of stainless steel or glass.
Ensure that all handling equipment is in good condition to prevent leaks or spills.

Avoid Mixing:
Avoid mixing Itaconic acid with incompatible substances, such as strong bases, reducing agents, and reactive metals.

Emergency Equipment:
Have emergency equipment, such as an eye wash station and safety shower, readily available in the work area.


Storage:

Container Type:
Store Itaconic acid in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
Use containers made of materials compatible with the chemical.

Separation:
Store Itaconic acid away from incompatible materials to prevent cross-contamination.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the chemical name, hazard information, and handling instructions.

Ventilation:
Provide adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent the buildup of fumes or vapors.

Temperature Control:
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.
Store Itaconic acid within the recommended temperature range to maintain stability.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas and keep Itaconic acid out of reach of unauthorized personnel.
Implement proper security measures to prevent theft or intentional misuse.

Spill Response:
Have spill response materials, such as absorbent pads and neutralizing agents, readily available in storage areas.
Train personnel on proper spill response procedures and evacuation protocols.

Regular Inspections:
Conduct regular inspections of storage areas to ensure containers are in good condition, labeled correctly, and there are no signs of leaks or spills.

isopropyl myristate; Tetradecanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester; Estergel; Myristic Acid, Isopropyl Ester; Bisomel; Tegester; Tetradecanoic Acid, Isopropyl; cas no: 110-27-0; 1405-98-7

Isopropyl Alcohol; Dimethylcarbinol; sec-Propyl alcohol; Rubbing alcohol; Petrohol; 1-Methylethanol; 1-Methylethyl alcohol; 2-Hydroxypropane; 2-Propyl alcohol; Isopropyl alcohol; Propan-2-ol; IPA; 2-Propanol; Alcool Isopropilico (Italian); Alcool Isopropylique (French); I-Propanol (German); I-Propylalkohol (German); Iso-Propylalkohol (German); cas no: 67-63-0

Nom INCI : JOJOBA ALCOHOL Classification : Alcool Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

DESCRIPTION:
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone with vinyl acetate in an an easy-to-use aqueous solution. preserved with 0.05% max. dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution is an excellent film-former and hair styling agent.

CAS No.: 25086-89-9


Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution acts as a film forming agent.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution is 50% aqueous solution of vinylpyrrolidone with vinyl acetate.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution has strong cohesive properties.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution provides transparent, hard, glossy, water-removable film.


Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution shows compatibility with modifiers & plasticizers allowing variations of hydroscopicity and film flexibility.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution is suitable for aerosol and non-aerosol products.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution is recommended for hair styling applications such as hair spray, hair gel, mousses, hair-setting lotions and sculpting gels.



VP/VA Copolymers Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in diferrent ratios.

Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol and water.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution are widely used as film formers because of their film flexibility, good adhesion, luster, water remoistenability and hardness.

These properties make Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care and pharmaceutical products.


Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution with different rations of N-Vinylpyrrolidone to Vinyl Acetate,soluble in most organic solvents.


Which exists in powder,water solution and ethnol solution form.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution aqueous solutions are non-ionic, neutralization not required.
Resultant films are hard, glossy, and water-removable; Tunable viscosity, softening point and water sensitivity depending on VP/VA ratio; Good compatibility with many modifiers, plasticizers, spray propellants and other cosmetic ingredients,and the hydroscopicity decreases in proportion to the ration of Vinyl acetate.


APPLICATIONS OF JARPOL PVP/VA 64W SOLUTION:

Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution is the excellent choice as film forming agent and hair-styling agent,which are suitable for fourmulations which used as film forming and viscosity modification,especially in hair styling products, such as Hair Gels,Aerosol gas sprays,Wet look sprays.



Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution is a 6:4 linear random copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate.
The vinyl acetate component of Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution reduces the hydrophilicity and glass transition temperature (Tg) compared to povidone homopolymers of similar molecular weight.

As a result, Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution is the ultimate tablet binder that extends its excellent adhesive property in wet granulation, as well as in dry granulation and direct compression.
Due to its spherical, hollow particle morphology and high plasticity, Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution performs exceptionally well as a binder for direct compression.

In addition, a lower Tg makes Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution an ideal polymer matrix for solid dispersions/solutions via hot melt extrusion, which enhances the dissolution of poorly soluble drug actives.

BENEFITS OF JARPOL PVP/VA 64W SOLUTION:
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution has Suitability for use in direct compression, dry granulation, wet granulation, hot melt extrusion, and film coating.
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution has Good flowability

Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution has Large surface area due to hollow particle morphology – enhances particle bonding and good compressibility
Jarpol PVP/VA 64W Solution has Ideal glass transition temperature (Tg) for hot melt extrusion



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF JARPOL PVP/VA 64W SOLUTION


CAS No.: 25086-89-9
Formula: (C6h9no.C4h6o2)X
Molecular main chain: vp/va copolymer
Color: White
here: vp/va copolymer
applications: personal care



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-VINYL ACETATE)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Jeffamine D 2000 Jeffamine D 2000 Amine is an extremely low vapor pressure difunctional primary amine. Used in epoxy adhesives. Rarely used alone, but rather in conjunction with other curing agents. Jeffamine D 2000 Amine enhances flexibility, toughness and high peel strength. Listed with TSCA, DSL, EINECS/ELINCS, AICS and ENCS. Product Type Crosslinking / Curing / Vulcanizing Agents > Amines /Amides Chemical Composition Polyoxypropylenediamine CAS Number 9046-10-0 JEFFAMINE D 2000 Technical Bulletin JEFFAMINE® D-2000 Polyetheramine JEFFAMINE D-2000 polyetheramine is characterized by repeating oxypropylene units in the backbone. As shown by the representative structure, JEFFAMINE D 2000 polyetheramine is a difunctional, primary amine with average molecular weight of about 2000. The primary amine groups are located on secondary carbon atoms at the end of the aliphatic polyether chains.(x) H2NONH2CH3 CH3x ≈ 33 APPLICATIONS • Key ingredient in the formulation of polyurea and RIM • Co-reactant in epoxy systems which require increased flexibility and toughness BENEFITS • Low viscosity, color and vapor pressure • Improved flexibility from high molecular weight polyether backbone • Increases peel strength SALES SPECIFICATIONS Property Specifications Test Method* Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid ST-30.1 with slight haze permitted Color, Pt-Co 25 max. ST-30.12 Primary amine, % of total amine 97 min. ST-5.34 Total acetylatables, meq/g 0.98 – 1.1 ST-31.39 Total amine, meq/g 0.98 – 1.05 ST-5.22 Water, wt% 0.25 max. ST-31.53, 6 Typical Physical Properties AHEW (amine hydrogen equivalent wt.), g/eq 514 Equivalent wt. with isocyanates, g/eq 1030 Viscosity, cSt, 25°C (77°F) 248 Density, g/ml (lb/gal), 25°C 0.991(8.26) Flash point, PMCC, °C (°F) 185 (365) pH, 5% aqueous solution 10.5 Refractive index, nD 20 1.4514 Vapor pressure, mm Hg/°C 0.93/235 4.95/254 At temperatures above 100°F (38oC) Tanks Stainless steel or aluminum Lines, Valves Stainless steel Pumps Stainless steel or Carpenter 20 equivalent Atmosphere Nitrogen JEFFAMINE D 2000 polyetheramine may be stored under air at ambient temperatures for extended periods. A nitrogen blanket is suggested for all storage, however, to reduce the effect of accidental exposure to high temperatures and to reduce the absorption of atmospheric moisture and carbon dioxide. It should be noted that pronounced discoloration is likely to occur at temperatures above 140°F (60oC), whatever the gaseous pad. Cleanout of lines and equipment containing JEFFAMİNE D 2000 polyetheramine can be accomplished using warm water and steam. In the event of spillage of this product, the area may be flushed with water. The proper method for disposal of waste material is by incineration with strict observance of all federal, state, and local regulations. Jeffamine D 2000 is a 2000 MW primary aliphatic polyether diamine based on polyoxypropylenediamine. Jeffamine D-2000 is suitable for use in polyurea coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomer applications. 247 cps at 25C. Supplied as a light yellow liquid. AHEW: 515 Jeffamine D 2000 is an excellent product. However, it is Tri-iso's opinion that Endamine D 2000 represents a better value overall. Endamine D 2000 is a direct drop-in replacement for Jeffamine D 2000, and is also a 2000MW primary aliphatic diamine based on polyoxypropylenediamine. JEFFAMINE D2000 Polyoxypropylenediamine is an amine-terminated polyoxypropylene diol that has wide use in epoxy and polyurea systems. Jeffamine D 2000 Amine by Huntsman is an extremely low vapor pressure difunctional primary amine. Used in epoxy adhesives. Rarely used alone, but rather in conjunction with other curing agents. Jeffamine D 2000 Amine enhances flexibility, toughness and high peel strength. Listed with TSCA, DSL, EINECS/ELINCS, AICS and ENCS. DOCUMENTS JEFFAMINE® D-2000 Polyoxypropylenediamine Datasheet New Secondary Amine Chain Extenders for Aliphatic Polyurea Materials Physical Properties of Aromatic Polyurea Elastomer Coatings After Exposure to Extreme Conditions The Influence of Isomer Composition and Functionality on the Final Properties of Aromatic Polyurea Spray Coatings Tuning the Properties of Polyurea Elastomer Systems via Raw Material Selection and Processing Parameter Modulation Adhesion Properties of Epoxy Formulations Containing JEFFAMINE Polyetheramine Curing Agents Huntsman Performance Products makes their documentation available in the regions indicated below: JEFFAMINE D 2000 Polyoxypropylenediamine is an amine-terminated polyoxypropylene diol that has wide use in epoxy and polyurea systems. These include amines, such as ethyleneamines and polyetheramines, alkylene carbonates, and a broad spectrum of surfactants and surfactant intermediates. Product applications include dispersants for coatings, amine neutralizers for latex paints, wetting agents, and emulsifiers for polymer dispersion. 248Huntsman Jeffamine D-2000 Home / Chemicals / Jeffamine D-2000 | Quote Request | Polyether Amine Jeffamine D-2000 is a 2000 MW primary aliphatic polyether diamine based on polyoxypropylenediamine. Jeffamine D-2000 is suitable for use in polyurea coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomer applications. 247 cps at 25C. Supplied as a light yellow liquid. AHEW: 515 Jeffamine D 2000 is an excellent product. However, it is Tri-iso's opinion that Endamine D2000 represents a better value overall. Endamine D2000 is a direct drop-in replacement for Jeffamine D-2000, and is also a 2000MW primary aliphatic diamine based on polyoxypropylenediamine. Jeffamine D-2000 Amine It is a kind of polyalkane epoxy compound terminated by primary Amine group or secondary Amine group, its molecular skeleton is polyether and its reactive group is Amine end group. Based on different molecular weights and different numbers of functional groups, there can be various kinds of grades ZD-1200, ZD-140, ZD-123, ZT-143 and ZT-1500. Amine-terminated polyether is the key raw material for spray polyurea elastomer,and it can be widely used to protect the materials such as waterproof and anticorrosion coatings of building concrete and steel structure; and moreover, it can be also used as anti-skid and hard-wearing lining for transportation vehicles, anticorrosive coating for cross-sea bridges, protective decoration for top grade floors at sterile plants and hospitals as well as the walls of high-grade swimming pools, internal and external protective coatings for land and benthal oil pipelines, wear-resistant coatings for decks and screw propellers of ships and boats, antiseptic and rust-proof lining for oil tanks, air tanks and water storage tanks, leakage-proof and antiseptic coatings for temporary parking aprons and activated sludge tanks, leakage-proof, anti-seepage and antiseptic materials for municipal refuse disposal areas, stadiums and runways. In addition of that, it is largely used for water-proof and protective coatings of high-speed railway bridges. Amine-terminated polyether is a kind of curing agent for epoxy resin. It can be used to pour large-scale epoxy resin components to make the cured resin crystal-clear. It can be also widely used in the fields of epoxy composite materials, epoxy coatings,epoxy electrophoretic coatings,binding agents, circuit boards, sealants, artworks, etc. Amine-terminated polyether is a kind of curing agent used on the combined blade materials for wind power generation. Amine-terminated polyether is an additive for gasoline, diesel and lubricating oil.And meanwhile, it is widely employed in the fields of surface active agents, water-soluble paints and so on. ZD-123 Amine-terminated polyether is a kind of polypropylene oxide compound mainly terminated by secondary Amine group. It structure is shown as follows: Molecular weight Wn About 230 Degree of functionality ~2 Total amine value MEQ/g 8.10-9.10 Rate of primary Amine group % ≥95 Color APHA ≤25 Moisture % ≤0.25 Applications: ●Curing agent for epoxy resin; curing agent for ornament glue (hard glue); curing agent for wind blade adhesive; ●hot-melt adhesive for polyamide; curing agent for electron end-sealing material; ●curing agent for electron potting compound; curing agent for electron encapsulating material ●fast curing RIM; curing agent for building structure adhesive; ●curing agent for modified polyether amine; ●curing agent for heavy anti-corrosion coatings; ●curing agent for composite materials of fishing rods, golf clubs and tennis rackets. Properties: ● low viscosity, low chromaticity and low vapor pressure.

DESCRIPTION:
JEFFAMINE D-2010 polyetheramine is characterized by repeating oxypropylene units in the backbone.
As shown by the representative structure, JEFFAMINE D-2010 polyetheramine is a difunctional, primary amine with average molecular weight of about 2000.

The primary amine groups are located on secondary carbon atoms at the end of the aliphatic polyether chains.
JEFFAMINE D-2010 is a key ingredient in the formulation of polyruea and RIM, and can be used as a co-reactant in epoxy systems which require increased flexibility and toughness.


JEFFAMINE D-2010 polyetheramine is characterized by repeating oxypropylene units in the backbone.
As shown by the representative structure, JEFFAMINE D-2000 polyetheramine is a difunctional, primary amine with average molecular weight of about 2000.
The primary amine groups are located on secondary carbon atoms at the end of the aliphatic polyether chains.


APPLICATIONS OF JEFFAMINE D-2010:
JEFFAMINE D-2010 is Key ingredient in the formulation of polyurea and RIM
JEFFAMINE D-2010 is Co-reactant in epoxy systems which require increased flexibility and toughness

BENEFITS OF JEFFAMINE D-2010:
JEFFAMINE D-2010 has Low viscosity, color and vapor pressure
JEFFAMINE D-2010 has Improved flexibility from high molecular weight polyether backbone
JEFFAMINE D-2010 Increases peel strength



TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF JEFFAMINE D-2010:
AHEW (amine hydrogen equivalent wt.), g/eq 514
Equivalent wt. with isocyanates, g/eq 1030
Viscosity, cSt, 25°C (77°F) 248
Density, g/ml (lb/gal), 25°C 0.991(8.26)
Flash point, PMCC, °C (°F) 185 (365)
pH, 5
% aqueous solution 10.5
Refractive index, nD 20 1.4514
Vapor pressure, mm Hg/°C 0.93/235 4.95/254
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with slight haze permitted Color,
Pt-Co 25 max.
Primary amine, % of total amine 97 min.
Total acetylatables, meq/g 0.98 – 1.1
Total amine, meq/g 0.98 – 1.05
Water, wt% 0.25 max.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT JEFFAMINE D-2010:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Jeffamine T-5000 is a trifunctional primary amine.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a colorless to light yellow liquid at room temperature with a molecular weight of approximately 5,000.


CAS Number: 64852-22-8
MDL Number:MFCD00804529
INCI/Chemical Name: Glyceryl poly(oxy propylene)triamine
Product Type: Adhesion Promoters > Polyethylenimines
Chemical Composition: Polyetheramine
Chemical Name: Polyetheramine
Molecular Formula: (C3H6O)mult(C3H6O)mult(C3H6O)multC



alpha,alpha',alpha''-1,2,3-propanetriyltris(omega-(2-aminomethylethoxy)-poly(oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)), JEFFAMINE T5000, T-5000 polyetheramine equivalent, Polypropylene glycol bis(2-aminopropyl ether), polyetheramine, Polyetheramines, 2-(aminooxy)propan-1-amine, POLYETHERAMINE T 5000, [omega-(2-aminomethylethoxy)-, Polyetheramine T5000 (Baxxodur, glyceroltris(poly(propyleneglycol), ZT-1500 Amine-terminated Polyether, Glyceryl poly(oxypropylene)triamine, POLY(PROPYLENE OXIDE), TRIAMINE TERMITED, POLY(PROPYLENE OXIDE), TRIAMINE TERMINATED, glycerol tris(poly(propylene glycol)amine terminated), 2-aminopropan-1-ol,propane-1,2-diol,propane-1,2,3-triol, POLYETHERAMINE T 5000, POLY(PROPYLENE OXIDE), TRIAMINE TERMINATED, [omega-(2-aminomethylethoxy)-, 2-ethanediyl)],.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.''-1,2,3-propanetriyltris[.omega.-(2-aminomethylethoxy)-Poly[oxy(methyl-1, glyceroltris(poly(propyleneglycol), GLYCEROL TR, JeffamineT 3000, Jeffamine T 5000, T 5000, XTJ 509, lyceroltris (poly (propyleneglycol), GLYCEROL TRIS [POLY (PROPYLENE GLYCOL), AMINE TERMINATED] ETHER, Polyoxy (methyl-1,2-ethanediyl), a.,.alpha.,.alpha-1,2,3-propanetriyltris .omega .-(2-aminomethylethoxy)-, Glyceryl poly(oxypropylene)triamine, Poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)],α,α,′,α”-1,2,3-propanetriyltris[ω - (2-aminomethyl-ethoxy) -, Polyetheramine T5000 (Baxxodur, POLY (PROPYLENE OXIDE), TRIAMINE TERMITED, POLYETHERAMINE T 5000,



Jeffamine T-5000 provides flexibility and promotes adhesion as a co-reactant in epoxy systems.
Benefits of Jeffamine T-5000 include increased peel strength, toughness and low colour.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a trifunctional primary amine.


Jeffamine T-5000 is a colorless to light yellow liquid at room temperature with a molecular weight of approximately 5,000.
Jeffamine T-5000 is compatible with a variety of organic solvents.
Jeffamine T-5000 has surface corrosion resistance performance in epoxy-polyurethane systems.


Jeffamine T-5000 is equivalent.
Jeffamine T-5000's a trifunctional primary amine of approximately 5000 molecular weight.
Jeffamine T-5000 is clear, almost colorless, viscous, liquid product.


Jeffamine T-5000 is a colorless or yellowish liquid
Jeffamine T-5000 is a kind of polypropylene oxide, mainly terminated by primary amino group.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a primary polyetheramine with trifuctionarity. Jeffamine T-5000's molecular weight is about 5,000.


Jeffamine T-5000 is a clear, almost colorless, viscous, liquid product.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a 5000 MW primary trifunctional aliphatic polyether amine.
Jeffamine T-5000 is suitable for use in polyurea coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomer applications, as well as in epoxy systems. 819 cps at 25C.


Jeffamine T-5000 is supplied as a clear, almost colorless viscous liquid. AHEW: 952, Equivalent weight with Isocyanates: 1904
Jeffamine T-5000 is an excellent product.
However, Jeffamine T-5000 is Tri-iso's opinion that Endamine T5000 represents a better value overall.


Endamine T5000 is a direct drop-in replacement for Jeffamine T5000, and is also a 5000MW primary trifunctional aliphatic amine.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a 5000 molecular weight polyoxypropylene triamine that can be added to a variety of curing agents to impart flexibility and improve peel strength of the adhesive systems with little degradation in other properties.


Jeffamine T-5000 is a trifunctional primary amine of approximately 5000 molecular weight.
Jeffamine T-5000 is clear, almost colorless, viscous, liquid product.
Jeffamine T-5000 is polyetheramine by Huntsman.


Jeffamine T-5000 is a crosslinker for polyurea and co-reactant in epoxy systems.
Jeffamine T-5000 offers benefits such as increased peel strength, low color and increased toughness.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a trifunctional primary amine of approximately 5000 molecular weight.


Jeffamine T-5000 is clear, almost colorless, viscous, liquid product.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a 5000 MW primary trifunctional aliphatic polyether amine.
Jeffamine T-5000 is supplied as a clear, almost colorless viscous liquid. AHEW: 952, Equivalent weight with Isocyanates: 1904


Jeffamine T-5000 is an excellent product.
However, Jeffamine T-5000 is Tri-iso's opinion that Endamine
T5000 represents a better value overall.


It is a direct drop-in replacement for Jeffamine T-5000, and is also a 5000MW primary trifunctional aliphatic amine.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a trifunctional primary polyetheramine of approximately 5000 molecular weight used as crosslinker for polyurea, co-reactant in epoxy systems where adhesion promotion and flexibility are important.



USES and APPLICATIONS of JEFFAMINE T-5000:
Jeffamine T-5000 is used epoxy curing agent.
Jeffamine T-5000 is used co-reactant in epoxy system where adhesion promotion and flexibility are important.
Jeffamine T-5000 is used a spray cross-linking agent for polyurea.


Jeffamine T-5000 is used Surfactant.
Jeffamine T-5000 is used corrosion inhibitor.
Jeffamine T-5000 is used as a co-reactant in epoxy resin systems where promoting adhesion and flexibility is important.


Jeffamine T-5000 is a cross-linker for polyureas and co-reactants in epoxy systems.
Jeffamine T-5000 offers the benefits of increased peel strength, low color and increased toughness.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a reactive chain extender for polyurethane with typical primary amine reaction properties.


Jeffamine T-5000 is widely used in the polyurethane RIM industry and is the main raw material for spray polyurea elastomer.
Because of its unique chemical structure, Jeffamine T-5000 plays a toughening role in the epoxy industry.
Together with polyamide, Jeffamine T-5000 is used in epoxy adhesives characterized by high strength.


Jeffamine T-5000 has surface anti-corrosion effect in epoxy-polyurethane system.
Jeffamine T-5000 is used spraying polyurea crosslinking agent, modified polyether amine curing agent; Hardener for high pressure FRP pipe (amine pipe); Curing agent of epoxy resin for fishing rod, golf club and tennis racket composite materials; Surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, etc.


Jeffamine T-5000 is an active chain extender for polyurethane with typical reaction properties of primary amine.
Jeffamine T-5000 is widely used in the polyurethane RIM industry as the main raw material of Spray Polyurea Elastomer.
Because of its characteristic structure, Jeffamine T-5000 has a good toughening effect in the epoxy resin industry.


Together with polyamides, Jeffamine T-5000 can also be used in highly intensive epoxy adhesives.
Jeffamine T-5000 undergoes typical amine reactions that often yield increased flexibility, toughness, low viscosity, and low color.
Jeffamine T-5000 has a wide range of molecular weight, amine functionality, repeating unit type and distribution can provide flexibility in the design of new compounds or mixtures.


Jeffamine T-5000 is used as an auxiliary reactant in epoxy systems where adhesion promotion and flexibility are important.
Jeffamine T-5000 is a crosslinker for polyurea and co-reactant in epoxy systems.
Jeffamine T-5000 offers benefits such as increased peel strength, reduced color and increased toughness.


Jeffamine T-5000 is suitable for use in polyurea coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomer applications, as well as in epoxy systems.
Jeffamine T-5000 is used Crosslinker for polyurea
Jeffamine T-5000 is used co-reactant in epoxy sytems where adhesion promotion and flexibility are important


Jeffamine T-5000 is used surfactant and corrosion inhibitor applications.
Jeffamine T-5000 is used as a co-reactant in epoxy systems where adhesion promotion and flexibility are important.
Jeffamine T-5000 is used as crosslinker for polyurea, co-reactant in epoxy systems where adhesion promotion and flexibility are important.



APPLICATION ADVANTAGES OF JEFFAMINE T-5000:
*Initial low viscosity of the compositions.
*Jeffamine T-5000 provides wettability of various surfaces, filling hard-to-reach areas and self-leveling.
*High physical and mechanical properties of the polymer.
*Jeffamine-based coatings are resistant to peeling and can withstand heavy loads.
*Moderate reactivity allows for large volumes to be poured.
*Jeffamine T-5000 is possible to obtain an optically transparent polymer.



CHARACTERISTICS OF JEFFAMINE T-5000:
*Low color and vapor pressure
*Enhance peel strength in epoxy adhesives
*Strengthening the bonding force of epoxy resin
*Increase toughness
*Improves flexibility and strength



FEATURES OF JEFFAMINE T-5000:
*Low viscosity and vapor pressure.



BENEFITS OF JEFFAMINE T-5000:
• Low color
• Increased peel strength in epoxy adhesives
• Increased toughness
• Jeffamine T-5000 is one of the basic materials used in polyurea synthesis and RIM (reaction injection molding method).
• Jeffamine T-5000 is used as an auxiliary reactant in epoxy systems.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of JEFFAMINE T-5000:
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Color, Pt-Co: 50 Max.
Primary amine of total amine: 97% Min.
Total acetylatables: 0.56-0.63mmol/g
Total amine: 0.50-0.54mmol/g
Water: 0.25% Max.
Color number Pt-Co: ≤50
Primary amine content%: ≥97
Acetyl value mmol/g: 0.58-0.63
Amine value mmol/g: 0.50-0.54
Moisture%: ≤0.10
CBNumber:CB1197426
Molecular Formula:C9H25NO6
Molecular Weight:243.2979
MDL Number:MFCD00804529
MOL File:64852-22-8.mol

Density: 1 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
refractive index: n20/D 1.453
Flash point: >230 °F
EPA Substance Registry System: Poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], .alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.'
'-1,2,3-propanetriyltris[.omega.-(2-aminomethylethoxy)- (64852-22-8)
Molecular weight: About 5000
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Degree of functionality: ～3
Total amine meq/g: 0.50-0.57
Primary amine %: ≥97
Color, Pt-Co(APAH): ≤50
Water, wt%: ≤0.25
Viscosity cSt,25℃: 819
Density g/ml (lb/gal),25℃: 0.997(8.31)
Solids Content by Weight, %: 18-21
Flash point PMCC,℃(℉): 213(415.4)
PH: 11.2
CAS: 64852-22-8



FIRST AID MEASURES of JEFFAMINE T-5000:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of JEFFAMINE T-5000:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of JEFFAMINE T-5000:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of JEFFAMINE T-5000:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of JEFFAMINE T-5000:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of JEFFAMINE T-5000:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Jojoba oil is an excellent face and body moisturizer.
Jojoba oil conditions and smooths hair and beards.
Jojoba oil is an ideal carrier for essential oils and as a base for personal care products.


CAS NUMBER: 61789-91-1

EC NUMBER: 612-381-6

MOLECULAR FORMULA: -

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: -

INCI NAME: Hydrogenated Jojoba Oil


Jojoba oil is the liquid produced in the seed of the Simmondsia chinensis plant, a shrub, which is native to southern Arizona, southern California, and northwestern Mexico.
The oil makes up approximately 50% of the jojoba seed by weight.
The terms "Jojoba oil" and "jojoba wax" are often used interchangeably because the wax visually appears to be a mobile oil, but as a wax it is composed almost entirely (~97%) of mono-esters of long-chain fatty acids (wax ester) and alcohols (isopropyl jojobate), accompanied by only a tiny fraction of triglyceride esters.
This composition accounts for its extreme shelf-life stability and extraordinary resistance to high temperatures, compared with true vegetable oils.


Appearance of Jojoba oil:
Unrefined Jojoba oil appears as a clear golden liquid at room temperature with a slightly nutty odor.
Refined Jojoba oil is colorless and odorless. The melting point of jojoba oil is approximately 10 °C (50 °F) and the iodine value is approximately 80
Jojoba oil is relatively shelf-stable when compared with other vegetable oils mainly because it contains few triglycerides, unlike most other vegetable oils such as grape seed oil and coconut oil.
Jojoba oil has an oxidative stability index of approximately 60, which means that it is more shelf-stable than safflower oil, canola oil, almond oil, or squalene but less than castor oil and coconut oil.

Uses:
Being derived from a plant that is slow-growing and difficult to cultivate, Jojoba oil is mainly used for small-scale applications such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
Overall, Jojoba oil is used as a replacement for whale oil and its derivatives, such as cetyl alcohol.

Jojoba oil is found as an additive in many cosmetic products, especially those marketed as being made from natural ingredients.
In particular, such products commonly containing jojoba are lotions and moisturizers, hair shampoos and conditioners.
The pure oil itself may also be used on skin, hair, or cuticles.

Like olestra, Jojoba oil is edible but non-caloric and non-digestible, meaning the oil will pass out of the intestines unchanged and can mimic steatorrhea—a health condition characterized by the inability to digest or absorb normal dietary fats.
Thus, Jojoba oil is present in the stool, but does not indicate an intestinal disease.
If consumption of Jojoba oil is discontinued in a healthy person, the indigestible oil in the stool will disappear.

Jojoba oil also contains approximately 12.1% of the fatty acid erucic acid that would appear to have toxic effects on the heart at high enough doses, if it were digestible.
Although impractical, jojoba biodiesel has been explored as a sustainable fuel that can serve as a substitute for petroleum diesel.

Jojoba oil is nontoxic
Jojoba oil is nonallergenic (the extract is pressed from a seed, not a nut, and is safe for consumers with nut allergies), and noncomedogenic since it won't clog pores with its sebum-compatibility.
Being a liquid wax with very low levels of triglycerides, Jojoba oil does not easily oxidize, making it remarkably shelf-stable and able to withstand heat without any loss in its properties, unlike most plant oils.

Jojoba oil is a popular massage medium because of its compatibility with all skin types, its nonallergenic properties, and the fact that a little goes a long way.
Jojoba oil is safe for all ages (which is one reason we created HobaCare Baby) and skin types.

Jojoba oil is actually a liquid wax ester and not an oil.
Although it shares the same consistency as an oil, the Jojoba plant produces wax esters that hold a similar molecular structure to the oils naturally found in our skin.
So, when using Jojoba oil, our body becomes more receptive to vital nutrients and antioxidants, helping our skin balance just as it was designed to do.

BENEFITS:
*Jojoba oil is hypoallergenic
*Jojoba oil has a similar molecular structure to the oils naturally produced in our skin
*Jojoba oil has a wide variety of uses for skin, body, hair & nails
*Jojoba oil soothes sunburns
*Jojoba oil provides 8 hours of moisturisation
*Jojoba oil is non-comedogenic
*Vitamins A, D & E plus omegas 6 & 9
*Extensive shelf life - up to 2 years
*Jojoba oil regulates oil production in skin & hair
*Jojoba oil is a natural emollient
*Jojoba oil has no nasties or additives

Jojoba oil nourishes, moisturizes, and protects skin
Jojoba oil regulates sebum production and preserves skin from aging

Mature jojoba plants are woody perennial bushes that don't shed their leaves when the seasons change.
The chemical structure of organic Jojoba oil is different from that of other vegetable oils because it’s a polyunsaturated wax.

As a wax, Jojoba oil for the face and body is especially useful
Jojoba oil protects the skin

Jojoba oil is providing hydration control
Jojoba oil soothes your hair.

At room temperature, Jojoba oil is liquid because of its unsaturated fatty acids.
Like some natural oils, Jojoba oil does not break down or become rancid.

Jojoba oil actually has a very long shelf life, which makes it good for cosmetic products and applications.
Jojoba oil contains beneficial ingredients

Jojoba oil is including vitamin E, vitamin B complex, silicon, chromium, copper and zinc.
Jojoba oil has a very high percentage of iodine at 82 percent, which gives jojoba oil its power to heal.


GENERAL PROPERTIES:

-Melting Point: 7 ℃

-Boiling Point: 396 ℃

-Flash Point: > 200.00 °F

-Density: 0.87 g/mL at 20 °C

-Vapor Pressure: 0-0Pa at 25 ℃

-Refractive Index: n20/D1.466

-Storage Temperature: 2-8 °C

-Color: Colorless

-Form: Semi-solid (amorphous) or gel

-Specific Gravity: 0.863

-Viscosity Index: 190-230


Jojoba oil is oily liquid in nature
Jojoba oil has a characteristic fatty odor.

Jojoba oil is goldencolored liquid wax, which are produced by the seeds of the jojoba plant
Jojoba oil is used for dry and oily skin.

Jojoba oil regulates the sebum produced on the skin, as the oil can control the greasy texture of the skin.
On dry skin type, Jojoba oil acts as a moisturizer.

Jojoba oil also acts as a lip-balm for dry and chapped lips.
Jojoba oil has many benefits, and is best used for the hair and skin.

Jojoba oil is colorless
Jojoba oil is odorless

Jojoba oil has a waxy liquid form
Jojoba oil is chemically similar to sperm oil.

Jojoba oil is a moisturizer and emollient.
Mystical properties have been attributed to it for its apparent ability to heal the skin.

Jojoba oil reduces transepidermal water loss without completely blocking the transportation of water vapor and gases, providing the skin with suppleness and softness.
In addition, Jojoba oil gives cosmetic products excellent spreadability and lubricity.

Jojoba oil can penetrate rapidly by absorption via the pores and hair follicles.
From these areas, it seems to diffuse into the stratum corneum layer and acts with intercellular lipids to further reduce water loss.

Jojoba oil is not a primary skin irritant and does not promote sensitization.
Jojoba oil is derived from the plant seeds.

Jojoba oil has a straight chain with 36 to 46 carbons.
Jojoba oil is a crystalline, hard wax ester.

Jojoba oil has particular functionality in cosmetics due to its capacity to strengthen the wax matrices of "stick" formulations like lipstick, eyeliner, lip balm, etc.
Jojoba oil is colorless and odorless.

Jojoba oil works as an abrasive scrub
Jojoba oil also used as an emollient

Jojoba oil can be used as a skin-conditioning agent in cosmetics and personal care products.
Jojoba oil is used in lipsticks up to 31% concentration.

Skin care: Jojoba oil functions as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent.
Jojoba oil aids in making the skin softer and smoother.

Jojoba oil has a reputation for being moisturizing because it can improve skin hydration and stop water loss.
Additionally, Jojoba oil is non-greasy and readily absorbed because it shares a chemical structure with the natural oils produced by our skin.

This makes Jojoba oil a well-liked component of numerous skincare products, such as moisturizers, lip balms, and makeup items.
Jojoba oil is often used as a material for exfoliation particles due to its uniform color, hardness, and controllable crystallinity

Jojoba oil is an extract of the Mexican native plant jojoba, which moisturizes, strengthens the skin, softening fat
Jojoba oil has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Jojoba oil is not an oil, but a liquid wax that solidifies at low temperatures.
jojoba oil is not oil, but liquid wax, so it will solidify at low temperature.

Jojoba oil is the most permeable base oil
Jojoba oil is easily absorbed by the skin

Jojoba oil is fresh and moist
Jojoba oil is non-greasy

Jojoba oil can restore the skin pH balance and wrinkles
Jojoba oil effectively improves oily skin

Jojoba oil regulates sebaceous gland secretion function
Jojoba oil shrinks pores

Jojoba oil is also the best skin moisturizing oil.
Jojoba oil film formed by it is different from mineral oil in that it can penetrate the evaporated water and can also control the loss of water.

Jojoba oil is very clear
Jojoba oil smells a light nut flavor
Jojoba oil is very plump, but not as greasy as other vegetable oils


SYNONYM:

Golden Jojoba
JOJOBA OIL REFINED
JOJOBA OIL, UNREFINED
Jojoba bean oil
Jojoba liquid wax
Jojobae oelum
OIL, JOJOBA(RG)
Jojoba oil (Simmondsia chinensis)
jojobaoilfromsimmondsiachinensis
Hydrogenated jojoba oil
724GKU717M
61789-91-1
Jojoba oil
Jojoba oil, hydrogenated
Jojoba wax
Oils, jojoba
Oils, jojoba, hydrogenated
Jojoba bean oil
Waxes and Waxy substances, jojoba
Jojoba liquid wax
E-RASE
FloraEster Jojoba Oil
Jojoba waxy substances
Oils, jojoba-bean
UNII-724GKU717M
florabeads jojoba
florabeads jojoba 10/10
florabeads silkies
floraesters 15
floraesters 20
floraesters 30
floraesters 60
floraesters 70
florapearls
florasomes
floraspheres
hydrogenated jojoba bean oil
jojoba, ext., hydrogenated
nikkol jojoba wax
hydrogenated oils, jojoba-bean
Jojoba oil
Golden Jojoba
jojoba bean oil
OIL, JOJOBA
JOJOBA OIL REFINED
JOJOBA OIL, UNREFINED
jojobaoilfromsimmondsiachinensis
Jojoba oil (Simmondsia chinensis)
jojoba oil from simmondsia chinensis
Jojoba bean oil, Jojoba liquid wax
Jojoba bean oil, Jojoba liquid wax, Jojobae oelum

Jordapon CI-65 is a versatile surfactant blend used in personal care formulations.
Jordapon CI-65 combines Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate and Stearic Acid to create a synergistic effect.
With its creamy texture and mild cleansing properties, Jordapon CI-65 is ideal for gentle skincare products.

CAS Number: 61789-32-0, 57-11-4
EC Number: 263-052-5, 200-313-4

SCI/SA, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate/Stearic Acid blend, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate and Stearic Acid mixture, Jordapon CI-65 blend, SCI and Stearic Acid surfactant, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate-Stearic Acid complex, Jordapon CI-65 surfactant blend, SCI with Stearic Acid combination, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate plus Stearic Acid, Jordapon CI-65 formulation, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate-Stearic Acid compound, SCI/SA surfactant mix, Jordapon CI-65 chemical combination, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate blended with Stearic Acid, Jordapon CI-65 ingredient blend, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate-Stearic Acid composition, SCI and Stearic Acid formulation, Jordapon CI-65 complex, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate with Stearic Acid mixture, Jordapon CI-65 surfactant combination



APPLICATIONS


Jordapon CI-65 is commonly used in syndet bars, providing gentle cleansing for the skin without stripping away natural oils.
Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in combo bars, offering a blend of cleansing and moisturizing properties in solid soap formulations.
Jordapon CI-65 is incorporated into facial cleansing products, including creams, gels, and foams, for effective removal of impurities while maintaining skin hydration.

Jordapon CI-65 blend finds application in body washes, creating luxurious lather for a refreshing shower experience.
Jordapon CI-65 is added to aerosol shave creams, providing a smooth and comfortable shaving experience by softening facial hair and lubricating the skin.
Jordapon CI-65 is used in facial masks and cleanser pads to enhance the cleansing and exfoliating effects.

Jordapon CI-65 is found in acne treatment products, helping to cleanse pores and reduce excess oil without causing irritation.
The blend is incorporated into intimate hygiene products such as feminine washes, providing gentle cleansing while maintaining pH balance.
Jordapon CI-65 is added to baby care products, including gentle cleansers and diaper creams, for its mildness and skin conditioning properties.

Jordapon CI-65 is used in pet grooming products such as shampoos and conditioners, providing effective cleansing and conditioning for pets' fur and skin.
Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in exfoliating scrubs and body polishes, helping to remove dead skin cells and reveal smoother skin.

Jordapon CI-65 is added to foot care products such as foot scrubs and creams, helping to soften rough skin and soothe tired feet.
Jordapon CI-65 finds application in bath bombs and bath fizzies, creating foamy and aromatic baths for relaxation.
Jordapon CI-65 is incorporated into massage oils and body oils, facilitating smooth application and absorption into the skin.

Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in pre-shave products such as facial scrubs and cleansers, preparing the skin for a closer and smoother shave.
Jordapon CI-65 is added to post-shave products such as balms and lotions, soothing irritation and moisturizing the skin.
Jordapon CI-65 is found in sunless tanning products, helping to distribute the tanning agent evenly for a natural-looking tan.

Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners, providing gentle cleansing and conditioning for all hair types.
Jordapon CI-65 is added to styling products such as mousses and foams, providing hold and volume without weighing down the hair.
Jordapon CI-65 is incorporated into sunscreen formulations, enhancing spreadability and water resistance.

Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in natural and organic personal care products, aligning with consumers' preferences for clean beauty.
Jordapon CI-65 is added to facial mists and sprays, providing hydration and refreshing the skin throughout the day.
Jordapon CI-65 is found in wound care products such as cleansing wipes and antiseptic solutions, facilitating gentle yet effective wound care.

Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in exfoliating lip scrubs and hydrating lip balms, helping to maintain smooth and moisturized lips.
Jordapon CI-65 is a versatile ingredient with applications in various personal care products, offering gentle cleansing, conditioning, and moisturizing properties for the skin and hair.

In facial toners and astringents, Jordapon CI-65 helps to remove excess oil and impurities while toning and tightening the skin.
Jordapon CI-65 is incorporated into facial serums and treatments, assisting in the delivery of active ingredients and improving skin texture.
Jordapon CI-65 is found in anti-aging skincare products such as creams and lotions, helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Jordapon CI-65 is used in hand sanitizers and antibacterial hand washes for effective cleansing and disinfection.
Jordapon CI-65 is added to exfoliating body washes and scrubs, promoting smoother and more radiant skin.
Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in cream and gel-based deodorants, providing gentle cleansing while neutralizing odor.

Jordapon CI-65 is incorporated into intimate lubricants and washes, helping to maintain comfort and hygiene in sensitive areas.
Jordapon CI-65 is found in cuticle creams and nail treatments, moisturizing and nourishing the nails and cuticles.
Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in foot care products such as foot masks and soaks, softening rough skin and relieving dryness.

Jordapon CI-65 is added to bath oils and bath salts, enhancing the relaxation and therapeutic benefits of a warm bath.
Jordapon CI-65 is incorporated into hand creams and lotions, providing long-lasting hydration and protection.
Jordapon CI-65 is found in anti-dandruff shampoos and scalp treatments, helping to soothe irritation and control flakiness.

Jordapon CI-65 is used in body butter and moisturizing creams, providing intense hydration for dry and rough skin.
Jordapon CI-65 is incorporated into lip care products such as lip balms and treatments, helping to repair and nourish chapped lips.
Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in hair masks and deep conditioning treatments, restoring moisture and shine to dry and damaged hair.

Jordapon CI-65 is added to sun care products such as after-sun lotions, providing soothing and moisturizing benefits to sun-exposed skin.
Jordapon CI-65 is found in natural soap formulations, offering gentle cleansing without harsh chemicals or sulfates.
Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in facial exfoliating pads and wipes, providing convenient and effective cleansing on the go.

Jordapon CI-65 is added to bath milk and bath soak formulations, creating a luxurious and indulgent bathing experience.
Jordapon CI-65 is incorporated into hair styling products such as pomades and waxes, providing texture and hold.
Jordapon CI-65 is found in body powder formulations, offering moisture absorption and skin-soothing properties.

Jordapon CI-65 is utilized in anti-cellulite creams and treatments, promoting smoother and firmer-looking skin.
Jordapon CI-65 is added to hand soaps and foaming hand washes, providing effective cleansing with a luxurious lather.
Jordapon CI-65 is found in natural toothpaste formulations, helping to clean and refresh the mouth without harsh chemicals.
Jordapon CI-65 is incorporated into facial essence and essence toners, providing hydration and preparing the skin for subsequent skincare steps.



DESCRIPTION


Jordapon CI-65 is a versatile surfactant blend used in personal care formulations.
Jordapon CI-65 combines Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate and Stearic Acid to create a synergistic effect.
With its creamy texture and mild cleansing properties, Jordapon CI-65 is ideal for gentle skincare products.

Jordapon CI-65 offers excellent foaming capabilities, producing rich lather in cleansing formulations.
Jordapon CI-65 is derived from natural, renewable sources, making it environmentally friendly.
Its low-dusting nature and easy handling characteristics make it suitable for manufacturing processes.

Jordapon CI-65 imparts a soft and smooth after-feel, leaving the skin feeling refreshed and moisturized.
Jordapon CI-65 exhibits mildness, making it suitable for sensitive skin types, including babies and those with dermatological conditions.
Jordapon CI-65 is free from harsh chemicals and sulfates, making it a preferred choice for natural and clean beauty formulations.

Jordapon CI-65 offers biodegradability, ensuring minimal environmental impact upon disposal.
Jordapon CI-65 is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, allowing for versatile formulations.
Its stable composition and compatibility with other additives contribute to the overall efficacy of cosmetic products.

In facial cleansers and body washes, Jordapon CI-65 provides thorough yet gentle cleansing without stripping the skin of its natural oils.
Jordapon CI-65 enhances the sensory experience of personal care products, offering a luxurious feel during use.
Jordapon CI-65 contributes to the creamy texture and smooth consistency of creams, lotions, and gels.
In syndet bars and combo bars, the blend creates a dense, long-lasting lather for effective cleansing.

Jordapon CI-65 is commonly used in aerosol shave creams to provide a smooth and comfortable shaving experience.
Jordapon CI-65 is suitable for a variety of hair care products, including shampoos and conditioners, for its cleansing and conditioning properties.
Its versatility extends to bath products such as bath bombs and bubble baths, adding frothy bubbles to the bathwater.

Jordapon CI-65 is often used in natural and organic formulations, aligning with consumers' preferences for clean beauty.
Jordapon CI-65 contributes to the overall stability and shelf life of cosmetic formulations.
Its non-comedogenic nature makes it suitable for facial cleansers and acne treatment products.

Jordapon CI-65's gentle cleansing action makes it suitable for daily use in personal care routines.
Jordapon CI-65 undergoes rigorous quality control measures to ensure consistency and performance in cosmetic applications.
Overall, Jordapon CI-65 is a reliable and versatile ingredient that enhances the efficacy and sensory appeal of personal care products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Composition: Blend of Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate and Stearic Acid.
Physical Form: Solid (typically in powder or granular form).
Appearance: White to off-white solid.
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor.
Solubility: Soluble in water.
pH (1% aqueous solution): Typically around pH 5-7.
Melting Point: Varies depending on the specific composition and ratio of components.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling.
Density: Varies depending on the specific composition and ratio of components.
Hygroscopicity: May absorb moisture from the air.
Stability: Stable under normal storage and handling conditions.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Allow the individual to rest in a comfortable position and monitor their breathing.
If breathing difficulties persist or if the person becomes unconscious, seek medical attention immediately.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing and is trained to do so.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes.
Use mild soap if available to cleanse the skin gently.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
Apply a moisturizing cream or lotion to soothe any discomfort.


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, after the initial flushing, and continue rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist after rinsing.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Provide supportive care as directed by medical professionals.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Precautions:

When handling Jordapon CI-65, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety goggles, gloves, and protective clothing to minimize the risk of skin and eye contact.
Avoid inhalation of dust or aerosols by working in a well-ventilated area or using local exhaust ventilation systems.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Jordapon CI-65 to prevent accidental ingestion.
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling Jordapon CI-65 and before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.
Keep Jordapon CI-65 containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.
Use suitable tools and equipment, such as scoops or spatulas, to handle Jordapon CI-65 and minimize dust generation.
Clean up spills promptly using suitable absorbent materials and dispose of them in accordance with local regulations.
Store Jordapon CI-65 away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, oxidizing agents, and alkalis to prevent hazardous reactions.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. In case of contact, follow appropriate first aid measures.


Storage Conditions:

Store Jordapon CI-65 in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Keep containers tightly closed and upright to prevent spills and leakage.
Store Jordapon CI-65 away from sources of ignition and open flames to reduce the risk of fire.
Maintain proper labeling on Jordapon CI-65 containers, including product name, composition, and hazard warnings.
Store Jordapon CI-65 separately from food, beverages, and animal feed to prevent contamination.
Inspect Jordapon CI-65 containers regularly for signs of damage, leakage, or deterioration, and replace them if necessary.
Store Jordapon CI-65 containers on shelves or pallets to prevent direct contact with the floor and facilitate inspection and handling.
Keep Jordapon CI-65 containers in a secure area accessible only to authorized personnel to prevent unauthorized access or tampering.
Follow any specific storage instructions provided by the manufacturer or supplier, including temperature and humidity requirements.
Ensure that storage areas are equipped with appropriate firefighting equipment and spill containment measures in case of emergencies.


Transportation Precautions:

When transporting Jordapon CI-65, use suitable containers that are compatible with the chemical and securely sealed to prevent leaks or spills.
Ensure that Jordapon CI-65 containers are properly labeled with product information and hazard warnings.
Follow applicable regulations and guidelines for the transportation of hazardous chemicals, including packaging, labeling, and documentation requirements.
Take precautions to prevent damage to Jordapon CI-65 containers during loading, unloading, and transportation.
In case of spills or leaks during transportation, follow established procedures for containment, cleanup, and disposal.
Provide training to personnel involved in the transportation of Jordapon CI-65 to ensure safe handling practices and emergency response procedures.

Jordapon SCI is a mild and gentle surfactant commonly used in personal care products.
Jordapon SCI is derived from coconut oil and is known for its excellent cleansing properties.
Jordapon SCI is available in powder or granular form, making it easy to incorporate into various formulations.

CAS Number: 61789-32-0
EC Number: 263-052-5

SCI, Sodium coco sulfate, Sodium cocoyl isethionate, Sodium N-cocoyl-N-methyltaurate, Sodium isethionate, Sodium cocoyl glycinate, Sodium cocoyl methyl taurate, Sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, Sodium cocoyl glutamate, Sodium cocoyl alaninate, Sodium N-lauroyl-N-methyltaurate, Sodium N-cocoyl-N-methylglycinate, Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Sodium cocoyl collagen amino acids, Sodium cocoyl silk amino acids, Sodium cocoyl oat amino acids, Sodium lauroyl oat amino acids, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed collagen, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed collagen, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed keratin, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed silk, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed silk, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed oat protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed oat protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed soy protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed rice protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed rice protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed quinoa, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed quinoa, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed amaranth, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed amaranth, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed millet, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed millet, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed barley, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed barley, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed corn protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed corn protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed pea protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed pea protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed soybean protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed soybean protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed sunflower seed protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed sunflower seed protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed vegetable protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed vegetable protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed lupine protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed lupine protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed pumpkin seed protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed pumpkin seed protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed sesame seed protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed sesame seed protein, Sodium lauroyl hydrolyzed almond protein, Sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed almond protein



APPLICATIONS


Jordapon SCI is commonly used in shampoo formulations for its excellent cleansing properties.
Jordapon SCI is employed in body washes and shower gels to create a rich and creamy lather that effectively cleanses the skin.
Jordapon SCI is a key ingredient in facial cleansers and cleanser bars due to its gentle yet effective cleansing action.

Jordapon SCI is used in baby care products such as gentle cleansers and bubble baths for its mildness.
Jordapon SCI is utilized in hand soaps and liquid hand washes to provide thorough cleansing without drying out the skin.

Jordapon SCI is incorporated into sulfate-free and natural hair care products as a gentle alternative to traditional surfactants.
Jordapon SCI is found in shaving creams and foams to provide lubrication and help soften facial hair for a smooth shave.

Jordapon SCI is used in bath bombs and bath salts to create foaming and bubbling effects in the bathwater.
Jordapon SCI is added to facial scrubs and exfoliating cleansers to help remove dead skin cells and unclog pores.

Jordapon SCI is utilized in toothpaste formulations to create foam and assist in the removal of plaque and debris from the teeth.
Jordapon SCI is incorporated into liquid and bar soap formulations for its ability to produce stable and long-lasting lather.

Jordapon SCI is used in pet grooming products such as shampoos and conditioners for its gentle cleansing properties.
Jordapon SCI is employed in intimate hygiene products such as feminine washes and wipes to maintain freshness and cleanliness.

Jordapon SCI is found in facial masks and cleanser pads for its ability to deliver cleansing and exfoliating benefits.
Jordapon SCI is used in pre-shave and post-shave products to help prepare the skin for shaving and soothe irritation afterward.
Jordapon SCI is added to bath oils and bath melts to help disperse essential oils and moisturizing ingredients in the bathwater.
Jordapon SCI is utilized in sunscreen formulations as an emulsifier and surfactant to improve spreadability and water resistance.

Jordapon SCI is found in hair styling products such as mousses and foams to provide hold and volume without weighing down the hair.
Jordapon SCI is employed in facial cleanser wipes and makeup remover wipes for convenient and effective cleansing on the go.

Jordapon SCI is used in foot care products such as foot scrubs and foot soaks to help soften calluses and remove dead skin.
Jordapon SCI is found in acne treatment products such as cleansers and spot treatments for its gentle yet effective cleansing action.

Jordapon SCI is utilized in deodorant formulations as a mild surfactant to help disperse active ingredients and provide cleansing benefits.
Jordapon SCI is incorporated into bath bombs and shower steamers to create a foaming and aromatic experience in the shower or bath.
Jordapon SCI is used in scalp treatments and dandruff shampoos for its cleansing and soothing properties on the scalp.
Jordapon SCI is found in natural and organic personal care products as a preferred alternative to harsher surfactants due to its mildness and biodegradability.

Jordapon SCI is utilized in facial cleanser formulations to provide a gentle yet thorough cleansing experience for sensitive skin types.
Jordapon SCI is incorporated into makeup remover products such as cleansing balms and oils to effectively dissolve and remove makeup.
Jordapon SCI is added to bath foams and bubble baths to create luxurious and long-lasting bubbles for a relaxing bathing experience.

Jordapon SCI is found in body scrubs and exfoliating treatments to help slough off dead skin cells and reveal smoother skin.
Jordapon SCI is used in hair masks and deep conditioning treatments to help improve the manageability and softness of the hair.

Jordapon SCI is added to hair coloring products such as shampoos and conditioners to help maintain color vibrancy and prolong color retention.
Jordapon SCI is employed in hair volumizing products such as mousses and foams to provide lift and body to fine or limp hair.
Jordapon SCI is found in dry shampoo formulations to help absorb excess oil and refresh the hair between washes.

Jordapon SCI is utilized in intimate hygiene products such as feminine washes and wipes to maintain pH balance and freshness.
Jordapon SCI is incorporated into hand sanitizers and antibacterial hand washes for its cleansing and disinfecting properties.
Jordapon SCI is added to facial toners and astringents to help remove excess oil and impurities from the skin's surface.

Jordapon SCI is found in anti-aging skincare products such as serums and creams to help improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of fine lines.
Jordapon SCI is used in foot scrubs and foot soaks to help soften rough skin and soothe tired feet.

Jordapon SCI is employed in cuticle creams and nail treatments to help moisturize and nourish the nails and cuticles.
Jordapon SCI is added to bath salts and bath teas to help enhance the relaxation and therapeutic benefits of a warm bath.

Jordapon SCI is found in body lotions and moisturizers to help improve skin hydration and prevent moisture loss.
Jordapon SCI is utilized in lip scrubs and lip balms to help exfoliate and hydrate the lips for a smoother, softer appearance.

Jordapon SCI is incorporated into massage oils and body oils to help facilitate glide and absorption into the skin.
Jordapon SCI is added to sunless tanning products such as mousses and lotions to help distribute the tanning agent evenly across the skin.

Jordapon SCI is found in acne spot treatments and blemish control products for its cleansing and soothing properties.
Jordapon SCI is used in natural and organic personal care products such as bar soaps and solid shampoos for its mildness and biodegradability.

Jordapon SCI is employed in bath bombs and bath fizzies to help create effervescent and aromatic baths.
Jordapon SCI is added to pet grooming products such as shampoos and conditioners for its gentle cleansing and conditioning properties.

Jordapon SCI is found in facial mists and sprays to help hydrate and refresh the skin throughout the day.
Jordapon SCI is utilized in wound care products such as cleansing wipes and antiseptic solutions for its gentle yet effective cleansing action on the skin.



DESCRIPTION


Jordapon SCI is a mild and gentle surfactant commonly used in personal care products.
Jordapon SCI is derived from coconut oil and is known for its excellent cleansing properties.
Jordapon SCI is available in powder or granular form, making it easy to incorporate into various formulations.

Jordapon SCI produces rich, creamy lather that effectively removes dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.
Jordapon SCI is often used in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and baby care products due to its mildness.

Jordapon SCI is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and delicate skin, as it does not cause irritation or dryness.
Jordapon SCI helps to soften and condition the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and moisturized after use.
In hair care products, Jordapon SCI helps to cleanse the scalp and hair without stripping away natural oils or causing damage.

Jordapon SCI is often found in sulfate-free and gentle cleansing formulas designed to maintain the natural balance of the skin and hair.
Jordapon SCI is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, making it a preferred choice for eco-conJordapon SCIous consumers.

Jordapon SCI has excellent foaming properties, contributing to luxurious lather in personal care products.
Jordapon SCI is compatible with other surfactants and cosmetic ingredients, allowing for versatile formulations.

Jordapon SCI helps to stabilize emulsions and improve the overall texture and feel of cosmetic products.
Jordapon SCI is pH-balanced and does not disrupt the skin's natural acid mantle, making it suitable for daily use.

Jordapon SCI is non-comedogenic and does not clog pores, making it suitable for use in facial cleansers and acne treatments.
Jordapon SCI is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used as directed.

Jordapon SCI is often used in combination with other surfactants to enhance performance and sensory attributes.
Jordapon SCI is free from harsh chemicals such as sulfates, parabens, and phthalates, making it a preferred choice for natural and clean beauty formulations.

Jordapon SCI is produced using sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes.
Jordapon SCI has a neutral odor and does not impart fragrance to cosmetic products, making it suitable for fragrance-sensitive individuals.

Jordapon SCI is readily biodegradable and does not accumulate in the environment, minimizing its ecological impact.
Jordapon SCI is gentle enough for use in baby care products such as gentle cleansers and diaper creams.

Jordapon SCI is often used in facial cleansers and exfoliating scrubs to provide gentle yet effective cleansing and exfoliation.
Jordapon SCI is water-soluble and rinses off easily without leaving a residue on the skin or hair.
Jordapon SCI is a versatile and effective surfactant that offers gentle cleansing and conditioning benefits for the skin and hair.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C₂₈H₅₅NO₇S
Molecular Weight: Approximately 573.81 g/mol
Physical Form: Solid (typically in powder or granular form)
Appearance: White to off-white solid
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
Solubility: Soluble in water
pH (1% aqueous solution): Typically around pH 5-7
Melting Point: Varies depending on the specific grade, typically around 150-180°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: Varies depending on the specific grade
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air)
Stability: Stable under normal storage and handling conditions
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients and additives
Foaming Properties: Produces rich, creamy lather in water
Cleansing Ability: Effectively removes dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair
Emulsifying Ability: Acts as an emulsifier, helping to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions
Mildness: Gentle on the skin and hair, suitable for sensitive skin types
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions
Environmental Impact: Low environmental toxicity and minimal environmental impact when used as directed



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Allow the person to rest in a comfortable position and keep them warm.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention immediately.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing and trained to do so.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical attention.
Wash contaminated skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Apply a mild moisturizer or emollient to soothe any discomfort.


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, after the initial flushing, and continue rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist after rinsing.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Provide supportive care as directed by medical professionals.


First Aid for First Responders:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, when providing first aid.
Avoid direct contact with the chemical to prevent secondary exposure.
Follow standard first aid procedures and protocols for chemical exposures.
If unsure about the appropriate course of action, contact poison control or seek guidance from a healthcare professional.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Precautions:

When handling Jordapon SCI, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles, gloves, and protective clothing, to minimize the risk of skin and eye contact.
Avoid inhalation of dust or aerosols by working in a well-ventilated area or using local exhaust ventilation systems.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Jordapon SCI to prevent accidental ingestion.
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling Jordapon SCI and before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.
Keep Jordapon SCI containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Avoid contact with incompatible materials, such as strong acids, oxidizing agents, and alkalis, to prevent hazardous reactions.
Use appropriate tools and equipment, such as scoops or spatulas, to handle Jordapon SCI and minimize dust generation.
Clean up spills promptly using suitable absorbent materials and dispose of them in accordance with local regulations.


Storage Conditions:

Store Jordapon SCI in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed and upright to prevent spills and leakage.
Store Jordapon SCI away from direct sunlight and moisture to prevent degradation and caking.
Maintain proper labeling on Jordapon SCI containers, including product name, chemical composition, and hazard warnings.

Store Jordapon SCI separately from incompatible materials, such as acids, oxidizing agents, and alkalis, to prevent hazardous reactions.
Do not store Jordapon SCI near food, beverages, or animal feed to avoid contamination.
Store Jordapon SCI containers on shelves or pallets to prevent direct contact with the floor and facilitate inspection and handling.

Check Jordapon SCI containers regularly for signs of damage, leakage, or deterioration, and replace them if necessary.
Follow any specific storage instructions provided by the manufacturer or supplier, including temperature and humidity requirements.
Keep Jordapon SCI containers in a secure area accessible only to authorized personnel to prevent unauthorized access or tampering.


Transportation Precautions:

When transporting Jordapon SCI, use appropriate containers that are compatible with the chemical and securely sealed to prevent leaks or spills.
Ensure that Jordapon SCI containers are properly labeled with the product name, hazard warnings, and handling instructions.

Follow applicable regulations and guidelines for the transportation of hazardous chemicals, including packaging, labeling, and documentation requirements.
Take precautions to prevent damage to Jordapon SCI containers during loading, unloading, and transportation.

In case of spills or leaks during transportation, follow established procedures for containment, cleanup, and disposal.
Provide training to personnel involved in the transportation of Jordapon SCI to ensure safe handling practices and emergency response procedures.


Emergency Procedures:

In the event of a spill, leak, or accidental release of Jordapon SCI, follow established emergency procedures for chemical spills and hazardous material incidents.
Evacuate the area if necessary to prevent exposure to chemical vapors or dust.
Notify appropriate personnel, such as safety officers, supervisors, or emergency responders, of the incident.

Provide information about the chemical involved, including its identity, quantity, and location.
Use appropriate containment measures, absorbent materials, and personal protective equipment to safely clean up spills.
Dispose of contaminated materials and waste in accordance with local regulations and guidelines.

Report the incident to appropriate authorities, such as workplace safety officials or poison control centers, if necessary.
Provide follow-up care and monitoring for individuals involved in the incident to ensure their health and safety.

Jordapon SCI is an anionic surfactant and a good foamer.
Jordapon SCI offers benefits including soft after feel, mildness and biodegradability.
Jordapon SCI is based upon fatty acids from natural, renewable coconut oil.


CAS Number: 61789-32-0 / 58969-27-0
EC Number: 263-052-5
INCI NAME: Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate.
Chem/IUPAC Name:Fatty acids, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodium salts
MDL Number: MFCD01772282
Molecular formula: C6H11NaO5S


Jordapon SCI Powder is a very highly active, finely divided, free-flowing powder (sodium cocoyl isethionate) used in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps, facial cleansers, body washes and shampoos.
Jordapon SCI has high foaming power, extreme mildness, and a soft and silky skin feel.


Jordapon SCI foams excellently in even hard water, convinces with its mild scent and is also called baby foam because of its gentleness.
Jordapon SCI is an anionic co-surfactant ideally suited for mild personal care cleansing products, such as shampoo, body wash, liquid soap and syndet bar.


Jordapon SCI is a Solid.
Jordapon SCI is a very high activity, solid Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate that is used in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps, adnfacial cleansers.


Jordapon SCI is a very high activity, solid Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate that is used in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps, facial cleansers, body cleansers and shampoos.
Jordapon SCI has high foaming performance, extreme mildness, as well as soft and silky skin after feel characteristics.


Jordapon SCI is an anionic surfactant and a good foamer.
Jordapon SCI offers benefits including soft after feel, mildness and biodegradability.
Jordapon SCI is based upon fatty acids from natural, renewable coconut oil.


Jordapon SCI is an anionic co-surfactant ideally suited for mild personal care cleansing products, such as shampoo, body wash, liquid soap and syndet bar.
Jordapon SCI is an easy to handle, coconut derived, anionic, mild primary surfactant which creates a product with a dense and luxurious foam.


Jordapon SCI can be used alone to make a cream or solid cleansing bar, or combined with other surfactants to make a creamy shampoo or body wash.
Jordapon SCI creates an elegant feel during use and a conditioned after feel in both hair and skincare formulations.
Jordapon SCI is a sodium salt of the fatty acid, isethionic acid.


Jordapon SCI is a very high activity, solid Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate that is used in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps, facial cleansers, body cleansers, and shampoos.
Jordapon SCI has high foaming performance, extreme mildness, as well as soft and silky skin after feel characteristics.


Jordapon SCI is mild to skin and eyes.
Jordapon SCI is an excellent foamers in hard or soft water.
Jordapon SCI is impart a soft after-feel to skin.


Jordapon SCI has mild odor.
Jordapon SCI is based upon fatty acids from natural, renewable coconut oil.
Jordapon SCI is completely biodegradable.


Jordapon SCI is a very high-activity, solid sodium cocoyl isethionate.
Jordapon SCI is a white flakes.
Jordapon SCI is an anionic surfactant obtained from coconut oil


Jordapon SCI is a light surfactant, gentle on the eyes and skin and friendly to the environment since it is based on purified fatty acids derived from coconut oil, which is a natural, renewable and biodegradable resource .
If you are making a liquid product with Jordapon SCI, it will need to be dissolved in a suitable solvent first.


Jordapon SCI does not dissolve readily into water; I once combined some Jordapon SCI with water in a jar, sealed it, and left it for 6 months.
Jordapon SCI never dissolved.
I recommend combining Jordapon SCI with the liquid amphoteric surfactant that is likely also present in the recipe and heating the two together in a water bath until you have a uniform paste.


That paste will dissolve into water.
If you are working with a large amount of this Jordapon SCI + amphoteric surfactant blend you can speed things along by using an immersion blender to get the mixture silky smooth—the low water content means it won’t lather up, but you’ll get a smooth paste very quickly!


You can also speed up the process by running your Jordapon SCI through a coffee grinder before combining it with the liquid amphoteric surfactant—just be sure you are wearing your dust mask!
Hydrous formulations including Jordapon SCI should have a pH of 6–8 or the Jordapon SCI can hydrolyze.


That said, I have made more acidic formulations featuring Jordapon SCI and haven’t had troubles—though those batches would’ve been quite small and the products were finished quickly.
Jordapon SCI is a surfactant based on fatty acids from coconut oil and isoethionic acid, a type of sulfonic acid.


Commonly known as Baby Foam due to its exceptional mildness, Jordapon SCI is a surfactant that is comprised of a type of sulphonic acid called Isethionic Acid as well as the fatty acid – or sodium salt ester – obtained from Coconut Oil.
Jordapon SCI is a traditional substitute for sodium salts that are derived from animals, namely sheep and cattle.


Jordapon SCI is a solid, gentle anionic surfactant made from coconut oil.
Jordapon SCI is really versatile and lovely, and is considered natural.
Jordapon SCI is a powdered surfactant made from renewable coconut fatty acids that is fully biodegradable.


Jordapon SCI is one of the gentlest surfactants on the market leading it to also being known as Baby Foam, as this surfactant is mild enough to be used in baby products and personal cleansers like eye makeup remover.
Jordapon SCI is made from the renewable fatty acid, or sodium salt ester, that is obtained from Coconut Oil.


Jordapon SCI is a common replacement for animal-derived sodium salts such as Sodium Tallowate.
Jordapon SCI is a biodegradable, powdered surfactant that allows it to easily be added to formulations.
Jordapon SCI is one of the gentlest and mildest surfactants on the market, leading it to acquire the moniker of Baby Foam due to its use in various baby products.


Jordapon SCI is an anionic surfactants of vegetable and synthetic origins from fatty acids of coconut oil (derived from fatty acids of coconut oil) and isethionic acid.
Solid, Jordapon SCI is in the form of white granules or powder.


Once integrated into a formula, Jordapon SCI is soft for the eyes and biodegradable.
Jordapon SCI is soluble in water, and insoluble in oil.
Jordapon SCI is soft, very foaming cleaner.


Jordapon SCI leaves the skin and the hair soft.
Jordapon SCI is liquid and solid shampoos.
In the dry state, Jordapon SCI is very irritating for the respiratory tract.


Jordapon SCI is mild, high foaming, sulfate-free anionic surfactant combined with disodium cocoyl glutamate, a gentle cleanser produced from natural sources including coconut fatty acids and fermented sugar.
Jordapon SCI is mild anionic surfactant.


Jordapon SCI has high foaming performance, extreme softness, as well as silky smooth skin characteristics after touch.
Jordapon SCI is Gentle on skin and eyes.
Jordapon SCI is ideal for baby care and gentle cleaning products.


Jordapon SCI is made from natural coconut oil and is completely biodegradable.
Jordapon SCI is recommended for systems where a low percentage of fatty acids is needed, e.g. shampoos, bath and shower gels and liquid soaps.
Jordapon SCI is soluble in some water.


Jordapon SCI is a naturally-derived ingredient that comes from the fatty acids that are present in isethionic acid and coconut oil.
Jordapon SCI is also soluble in surfactants (some formulations may require some heat)
No ethoxylation takes place in the manufacture of Jordapon SCI.


Jordapon SCI is an ester of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids ( fatty acids ) obtained from coconut oil with isethionic acid or sodium isethionate and belongs to the class of isethionates, which are also referred to in the literature as acyl isethionates or, according to chemical nomenclature, as 2-sulfoethylcarboxylic acid esters or acyloxyethanesulfonates.


The most important representative of this class of mild anionic surfactants is Jordapon SCI, which is referred to in the English literature as Jordapon SCI.
Jordapon SCI is a mild, high foaming anionic surfactant with high purity made from coconut fatty acids.


Jordapon SCI has minimum 85% active matter.
Jordapon SCI has free fatty acid 14% maximum.
Jordapon SCI has excellent foam density and foam stability.


Jordapon SCI has very good lime soap dispersion and surface activity. Leaves no soap scum as it is very hard water tolerant.
Jordapon SCI is compatible with soaps and anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric surfactant.
Jordapon SCI is excellent lathering; exceptionally mild, provides soft skin after-feel.



These fatty acids are reacted with sodium isethionate and the mixture is heated to remove any water left behind.
Further, the mixture is distilled to remove excess fatty acids.
In its raw form, Jordapon SCI appears as a fine white powder.


Jordapon SCI is a naturally-derived ingredient that comes from the fatty acids that are present in isethionic acid and coconut oil.
These fatty acids are reacted with sodium isethionate and the mixture is heated to remove any water left behind.
Further, the mixture is distilled to remove excess fatty acids.


Jordapon SCI is a gentle surfactant derived from coconut oil that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products.
This white, powdery substance, Jordapon SCI, has gained popularity due to its mild, non-irritating nature, making it suitable for a variety of personal care applications.


Jordapon SCI is a sodium salt of the coconut fatty acid ester of isethionic acid.
Jordapon SCI is an anionic surfactant, meaning it carries a negative charge that helps to create a lather and lift dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.


A cleansing agent, Jordapon SCI is claimed to be so gentle on the skin that it hardly impacts the skin barrier.
Jordapon SCI also gives a rich, creamy foam, it's based on vegetable fatty acids and is readily biodegradable.
Jordapon SCI's an especially important and popular ingredient in "syndet bars" (or soapless soaps).


Jordapon SCI provides skincare benefits and serves as a fantastic alternative to harsher, drying cleansers (like sulfates).
Jordapon SCI is a natural surfactant derived from Vegetable Oils.
Jordapon SCI has high foaming performance, extreme mildness, as well as soft and silky skin after feel characteristics.


Jordapon SCI in powder form is much easier to incorporate into your products compared to noodles or granular alternatives.
Jordapon SCI is a surfactant made up of Isethionic Acid, a form of sulphonic acid, and the fatty acid – or sodium salt ester – produced from Coconut Oil.


Jordapon SCI’s commonly referred to as Baby Foam because of its outstanding mildness.
Jordapon SCI is an anionic surfactant, i.e. an amphophilic compound.
These compounds dissociate and are biodegradable.


Their most frequent application is in cosmetic products.
Jordapon SCI is an ingredient derived from coconut oil.
Jordapon SCI is a fine white Powder and far superior to the SCI granules, flakes or needles currently available on the market.


Jordapon SCI is naturally derived and biodegradeable while being suitable for Vegans.
Jordapon SCI is a mild surfactant (cleansing agent) derived from isethionic acid and coconut fatty acids.
In its raw state, Jordapon SCI usually appears as white granular solids.


Jordapon SCI can be used in personal care products as a gentle surfactant, helping to mix water with oil and dirt so they can be washed away, without stripping the skin's natural barrier.
Like many coconut-derived cleansers, Jordapon SCI also contributes to lather, producing a luxurious creamy foam that does not dry out skin.


Jordapon SCI is a mild soap-free cleansing agent known for its ability to mitigate disruption of skin’s barrier.
Jordapon SCI is derived from coconut and is regarded as compatible with sensitive skin.
Jordapon SCI’s an anionic surfactant, meaning a cleansing agent with a negative instead of a positive charge.


Anionic surfactants are the most common type due to their ability to lift and suspend dirt, oil, and debris, allowing them to be washed away.
Suppliers of Jordapon SCI tout its gentle foaming action as a desirable quality for consumers, even though the foam itself has little cleansing ability.


In addition to skin care formulations, Jordapon SCI is a popular ingredient in hair products.
Jordapon SCI is a powder in its raw material form.
Jordapon SCI is a natural ingredient that is derived from coconuts, specifically coconut oil and isethionic acid.


Jordapon SCI exhibits high foaming ability, producing a stable, rich and velvety lather, without damaging the moisture barrier or taking stripping away hydration.



USES and APPLICATIONS of JORDAPON SCI:
Personal Care uses of Jordapon SCI; Beauty & Care, Baby Care, Bath & Shower, Hair Care, and Skin Care.
HI&I Care uses of Jordapon SCI;Home Care and Pet Care
Bath & Shower Applications of Jordapon SCI: Bar Soaps, Body Wash, and Liquid Soap.


Hair Care Applicationso of Jordapon SCI: Hair Conditioner, and Shampoos & Rinses.
Skin Care Applications of Jordapon SCI: Facial Cleanser, and Skin Cleanser.
Jordapon SCI is our favourite surfactant - it's just so giving!


Jordapon SCI provides loads of lather, and can be used to make liquid and solid bar cleansers and shampoos.
Jordapon SCI is used Bath & Shower, Body Care, Hand Cleansing, Skin Cleansing
Jordapon SCI can be used in Syndet (synthetic detergent) bars, Combobars (mixtures of synthetic and soap), Liquid soaps, Facial cleansers, and Body cleansers and shampoos.


Jordapon SCI is used in personal cleansing products like syndet bar, combo bars, foaming facial washes, body washes, shampoos, bath and showers gels and liquid soaps.
Jordapon SCI is used Anionic co-surfactant ideally suited for mild personal care cleansing products, such as shampoo, body wash, liquid soap and syndet bar.


Applications of Jordapon SCI: Bath & Shower, Body Care, Hair Cleansing, Hand Cleansing, Liquid Soap, Skin Care, Skin Cleansing
Jordapon SCI is used Baby Care and Cleansing, Face Cleansing, Liquid Soap, Shampoo, Shower/Bath Products
Jordapon SCI is a detergent that blends well with skin and hair.


Therefore, Jordapon SCI can be used as a coagulant in cleaning formulas such as facial cleansing gel/cream, facial cleansing powder, shampoo, liquid soap, shower cream.
Jordapon SCI is commonly used in formulas that are gentle (mildness).


Jordapon SCI is also used in the production of soap bars (Syndet bar).
Jordapon SCI is used Gentle, high foaming personal cleansing products, Bar toilet soaps, Pearlescent liquid soaps, Foams for facial wash, Body shampoos, Hair shampoos, and Sulfate-free shampoos.


Jordapon SCI is a natural anionic surfactant which allows the implementation of solid foaming agents, but also without sulfate .
Due to its anionic nature Jordapon SCI offers a beautiful dense and airy foam.
Jordapon SCI can be used with cleaning products


Jordapon SCI can be used as a primary or secondary surfactant, it is recommended for systems where low levels of fatty acids are needed; for example: shampoos, bath gels and liquid soaps, although their predominant commercial use is in formulations of synthetic bar soaps “Syndet bar” and “combo bars”, the latter being bars made up of a mixture of synthetic surfactant and soap.


Jordapon SCI is used Gentle, high foaming personal cleansing products, Bar toilet soaps , Pearlescent liquid soaps, Foams for facial wash, Body shampoos, Hair shampoos, and Sulfate-free shampoos
Jordapon SCI is used in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps, facial cleansers, body cleansers, and shampoos.


Jordapon SCI has high foaming performance, extreme mildness, as well as soft and silky skin after-feel characteristics.
Jordapon SCI has a neutral pH and can be used in pharmaceutical preparations.
Jordapon SCI has been shown to have anti-cancer effects in clinical studies by inhibiting the growth of skin cancer cells.


Jordapon SCI also has skin conditioning properties and can be used as an emulsifier.
Jordapon SCI is typically found in concentrations between 64-68%.


Because of its excellent skin compatibility , its pronounced foam formation and foam stability, Jordapon SCI is also used in hard water, its good cleaning effect and its pleasant feeling on the skin in soap bars, the so-called syndet bars or in combination with soaps in the so-called combo bars, which are used in particular as baby soaps find.


Because of its low water solubility (approx. 0.01% = 100ppm at 25 °C), Jordapon SCI must be solubilized for use in liquid washing solutions, i.e. H. its concentration in the soap micelles can be increased.
This is done, for example, B. the addition of secondary surfactants or the exchange of sodium cations for ammonium cations [ammonium cocoyl isethionate is very water-soluble with >25% by weight at 25 ° C].


Jordapon SCI is used Hair shampoo, hand shampoo, pet shampoo, professional shampoo, baby shampoo, facial cleansers, solid shampoo.
To incorporate Jordapon SCI into a formulation, it is recommended that the chips be crushed prior to melting, as this helps to increase their melting rate.


Next, Jordapon SCI must be heated slowly on low heat in order to allow for easy mixing with other surfactants.
It is recommended that Jordapon SCI phase be mixed using a high shear stick blender.
This approach helps to prevent the excess foaming that could potentially occur if the stick blender is used to mix all ingredients together at once.


Finally, Jordapon SCI mixture can be added to the rest of the formulation.
Jordapon SCI is used to create solid cleansers and opaque liquid cleansers.
Jordapon SCI has numerous functions and applications in skincare and haircare products due to its mild, non-irritating properties.


Shampoos and conditioners uses of Jordapon SCI: As a surfactant, Jordapon SCI helps as a cleaning agent to hair and the scalp, removing dirt, oil, and impurities without causing irritation or damaging the hair.
Facial cleansers uses of Jordapon SCI: Jordapon SCI's gentle nature makes it ideal for use in facial cleansers, particularly for sensitive skin.


Bar soaps uses of Jordapon SCI: Jordapon SCI can be found in bar soaps, where it creates a creamy lather and cleanses the skin without causing dryness or irritation.
Hair styling products uses of Jordapon SCI: In hair styling products, Jordapon SCI can provide a smooth texture and aid in the even distribution of other ingredients.


Jordapon SCI is primarily a surfactant that is gentle on the surface and provides many benefits to skin and hair.
Jordapon SCI is thus commonly used in the cosmetic world.
Jordapon SCI can be used in clear / pearlescent gels.


Jordapon SCI is an anionic surfactant that gives a creamy, foaming texture to your recipes for solid cleansing products.
Jordapon SCI is derived from the fatty acids in 100% natural Coco oil.
The plant-derived Jordapon SCI adds softness to skin and hair and improves detangling.


Available in granulated form, Jordapon SCI is more convenient to use than powder because of its volatility.
To use, put the Jordapon SCI in a little water and heat the mixture in a bain-marie.
Stir until the mixture forms a paste.


You can then add it to your recipe for solid shampoo, soap or other products.
Jordapon SCI is a sulphate-free, mild anionic surfactant.
Jordapon SCI is derived from the fatty acids of coconut oil and isethionic acid, it has a very good foaming power.


Jordapon SCI is found in natural products such as solid shampoos.
Jordapon SCI gives an excellent skin feel while also possessing high foaming ability, being able to produce a rich, creamy and stable lather that will not dehydrate the skin.


Jordapon SCI is lightly scented, tending not to trigger fragrance allergies, as well as an effective moisturizer and conditioner
In hair care products, Jordapon SCI moisturizes, conditions, and softens hair, helping prevent frizz and tangling.
Jordapon SCI has emulsifying properties that increase viscosity as well as help water to cling to dirt and oil on skin and hair, so it can be easily washed away.


Jordapon SCI leaves skin and hair feeling hydrated and soft.
Jordapon SCI is perfect for adding to water-free products, as well as skin care, hair care and bath products including Shampoos, Shower Gels, Soap Bars, Personal Care Products and more.


Jordapon SCI Can Be Used In Many Different Products Including: Soap Bars, Shampoo Bars, Liquid Hand Soap, Shampoo, Baby Products, Shower Gel, Bath Bombs, Foaming Bath Butter, Bath Whip, Cream Soap, Bubble Bars, Makeup, Toiletries, Personal Hygiene Products, and Personal Care Products.
Jordapon SCI is produced by ethoxylation, which makes it an environmentally unfriendly ingredient.


Jordapon SCI is an anionic surfactant derived from coconut fatty acid and sustainable palm that are used in many cosmetic and personal care products.
In particular, Jordapon SCI is used in the preparation of skin cleansing products such as soaps and washes as well as in shampoos and other hair cleansing products.


By helping water to mix with oil and dirt, Jordapon SCI is great at rinsing dirt away from the skin and hair leaving both feeling fresh and clean.
Jordapon SCI is used in skin and hair cleansing preparations.


Jordapon SCI is used as this is a dry surfactant it can be blended into a dry formulation such as a dry shampoo, bath bomb, powdered facial cleanser or equivalent or can be added to the water phase of a standard, water based cleansing product (shampoo, shaving product, cleanser etc).


In hair care products, Jordapon SCI moisturizes, conditions, and softens hair, helping prevent frizz and tangling.
Jordapon SCI has emulsifying properties that increase viscosity as well as help water to cling to dirt and oil on skin and hair, so it can be easily washed away.


Jordapon SCI leaves skin and hair feeling hydrated and soft.
Jordapon SCI is perfect for adding to water-free products, as well as skin care, hair care and bath products including Shampoos, Shower Gels, Soap Bars, Personal Care Products and more.


Jordapon SCI Can Be Used In Many Different Products Including: Soap Bars, Shampoo Bars, Liquid Hand Soap, Shampoo, Baby Products, Shower Gel, Bath Bombs, Foaming Bath Butter, Bath Whip, Cream Soap, Bubble Bars, Makeup, Toiletries, Personal Hygiene Products, and Personal Care Products.
Mix with Jordapon SCI to other surfactants (anionic or nonionic) at a concentration of 1-10%.


Jordapon SCI is used for external use only.
Jordapon SCI is used in Shampoos, shower gels, detergent bars, bubble bath, feminine hygiene products, facial cleansers for blemished skin.
Jordapon SCI has long been used as a substitute for sodium salts obtained from animals, such as sheep and cattle.


A thin white powder is known as Jordapon SCI.
Jordapon SCI is used as a surfactant or co-surfactant (for cleansing properties and lather) in products such as shampoos, shampoo bars, body washes, and hand soaps.


Jordapon SCI's created by combining sodium isethionate with coconut oil fatty acids.
Jordapon SCI is a surfactant that cleans the skin.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Jordapon SCI is used primarily in the preparation of bath soaps and cleansing products.


Jordapon SCI is also used in the formulation of shampoos, tonics, dressings, other hair grooming aids and skin cleansing preparations.
Jordapon SCI cleans the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away.
Jordapon SCI has high foaming capabilities which will not dry out your skin.


Jordapon SCI is very popular in water free products like solid shampoo bars and solid soap bars.
Jordapon SCI can be used in Shampoos, Bubble Bath products, Bath Bombs, Soap Bars and Body Wash Bases.
Jordapon SCI has been deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel.


Their report surveyed products containing up to 49.4% in rinse-off formulas and 17% for leave-on products.
Its ultra-mild properties make Jordapon SCI ideal for delicate or sensitive skin, and it is often used as a plant-based alternative to animal-derived sodium salts.


Jordapon SCI has good water solubility and can be used as main surfactant or sub-surfactant in transparent formulation system.
The pH value of Jordapon SCI is between 4.5 and 6.5, which is weakly acidic, which is close to the pH value of the human body.
Jordapon SCI has high biodegradability, good compatibility, and can be compounded with most surfactants.


Jordapon SCI can be used as a main surfactant or sub-surfactant in a sulfate-free formulation system.
Jordapon SCI is widely used in personal washing and skin care products such as shower gel, shampoo, facial cleanser, hand soap, shaving foam, baby bath products, beauty soap and so on.


A gentle anionic surfactant that does not dehydrate the skin, Jordapon SCI is as a fantastic alternative to harsher, drying anionic surfactants making it great for all skin types, including sensitive or dry skin.
Makes superior hair shampoo for black hair leave the skin and hair feeling smooth and moisturized without stripping the skin/hair whatsoever.


Jordapon SCI has the characteristics of rich and fine foam, low degreasing power, low irritation to skin and hair, and good biodegradability.
Jordapon SCI can improve the combability and softness of the hair, and its mild decontamination performance makes the skin comfortable after washing.


Jordapon SCI is a mild anionic surfactant, and has fine, long-lasting and lasting foam performance, strong cleaning ability and fast foaming speed.


-Skin care uses of Jordapon SCI:
Jordapon SCI differs from other surfactants in the way that it does not strip the skin of moisture, making it feel dehydrated.
Instead, Jordapon SCI produces a rich foam that does not dry out or irritate the skin upon application


-Hair care uses of Jordapon SCI:
Jordapon SCI produces a rich creamy lather that makes the products easier to spread and feel good.
Jordapon SCI also cleanses the shafts thoroughly because of its ability to mix well with both oil and water


-Cosmetic products uses of Jordapon SCI:
Jordapon SCI reduces the surface tension of the ingredients in a formulation - allowing them to mix well.
This prevents the separation of oil based and water based ingredients and results in an even consistency of the cosmetic products



APPLICATIONS OF JORDAPON SCI IN COSMETİC PRODUCTS
Jordapon SCI is a mild surfactant for hair and skin. Upon contact with water, it creates a pleasant, thick foam.
In cleansing products, Jordapon SCI cleans and smoothens the skin without causing any irritation or dryness.
Jordapon SCI has a moisturizing, softening and smoothing effect on skin and hair.

Jordapon SCI also has emulsifying properties, giving cosmetic products a creamy texture and increasing their viscosity.
In hair care products, Jordapon SCI may decrease hair tangling and make it easier to comb.
Jordapon SCI may be used in mild cleansing products for persons with sensitive or allergy-prone skin.

Jordapon SCI dissolves dirt well, binding impurities and leaving the skin clean and moisturized.
Jordapon SCI retains its effectiveness in both soft and hard water, which makes it useful for a wider range of cosmetic applications. Thanks to its chemical structure, Jordapon SCI has many beneficial properties that make it delicate even for baby skin.

Therefore Jordapon SCI is a frequent ingredient of bathing products for children.
Jordapon SCI is biodegradable and causes no harm to the environment, so products with this ingredient are a recommended choice for any natural and ecological routine.



COSMETIC USES OF JORDAPON SCI:
Jordapon SCI is used in make-up removal and personal hygiene products, as well as plant-based cosmetics.
Applications of Jordapon SCI in cosmetics include:
*Shampoo bars,
*Cleansing bars,
*Peeling bars,
*Bath balls,
*Shampoos,
*Foam baths,
*Shaving gels and creams,
*Bathing products for children,
*Make-up removal milk.



JORDAPON SCI AT A GLANCE:
*Coconut-derived cleansing agent regarded as compatible with sensitive skin
*Known to mitigate disruption of skin’s barrier
*Produces gentle foaming action
*Deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel



BENEFITS OF JORDAPON SCI:
*Jordapon SCI has excellent foam density, foam stability and lathering
*Jordapon SCI has very good lime soap dispersion and surface activity
*Jordapon SCI maintains the hydration level of skin
*Exceptionally mild, Jordapon SCI provides soft skin after-feel, ideal for irritant and blemished skin
*Jordapon SCI is compatible with soaps and anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric surfactant
*Jordapon SCI can be used for transparent products including gels



WHAT DOES JORDAPON SCI DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Surfactant



SAFETZ PROFILE OF JORDAPON SCI:
Jordapon SCI is safe for use when added under the prescribed concentrations.
Jordapon SCI is recommended to be used up to the concentrations of 50% in rinse off products and up to 17% for leave on products.
A patch test should be done prior to full usage and should be discontinued in case of any irritation.
Further, Jordapon SCI is non-comedogenic and does not cause acne breakouts.
Jordapon SCI is also biodegradable as it is derived from coconuts.



ALTERNATIVES OF JORDAPON SCI:
*SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE


HOW IS JORDAPON SCI MADE?
Jordapon SCI is produced by reacting sodium isethionate with fatty acids derived from coconut oil or other chlorides.
The mixture is then heated to remove water and distilled to remove excess fatty acids.



PROPERTIES OF JORDAPON SCI:
*Dense foam
*Solid foaming
*Anionic surfactant



BENEFITS OF JORDAPON SCI::
*Gentle on skin and eyes.
*Produces excellent foam in hard or soft water.
*Gives a feeling of softness to the skin.
*Nice smell.
*Completely biodegradable.
*High active content (82% minimum).



PREPATATION AND EXTRACTION OF JORDAPON SCI:
Presentation and extraction
Jordapon SCI can be prepared via the so-called “indirect route” by reacting higher carboxylic acid chlorides with sodium isethionate .
In industrial processes, Jordapon SCI is obtained via direct esterification of a coconut fatty acid mixture with sodium isethionate in the presence of catalysts.



SYNTHESIS OF JORDAPON SCI:
For this purpose, a coconut fatty acid mixture of different alkyl chain lengths Cn, typically C6 = 0.4% by weight; C8 = 7.6; C10 = 6.5; C12 = 47.7; C14 = 18.4; C16 = 8.9; C18 = 6.2; C18:1 = 3.7 in excess with sodium isethionate solution and zinc oxide under nitrogen at approx. 200 ° C.
After distilling off the water from the sodium isethionate solution and the water of reaction, a viscous mass is formed, which is liquefied again by adding paraffin wax.

After esterification with conversions >95%, stearic acid is added in order to lower the solidification point of the mixture below 50 °C.
When using branched fatty acids, the addition of paraffin as a consistency regulator is unnecessary and highly concentrated acyloxyethanesulfonates are obtained with high foaming properties, good hard water stability and also good water solubility (up to 30% at 20 °C).



PROPERTIES OF JORDAPON SCI:
Solid Jordapon SCI is available in flake, granule or powder form with approximately 85% active content (SCI-85).
There are also solid SCI-65 scales with around 30% fatty acid content.
Jordapon SCI is poorly soluble in water and is not long-term stable in solution at pH values ​​below 5 and above 8 due to its ester bond in the molecule.

Jordapon SCI is readily biodegradable with low affinity for bioaccumulation.
Jordapon SCI is slightly to moderately irritating to the skin and eyes.
Jordapon SCI exposure can cause minimal to mild skin irritation, although it is not skin sensitizing.



PROPERTIES OF JORDAPON SCI:
*mild to skin and eyes
*excellent foamers in hard or soft water
*impart a soft after feel to skin
*mild odor
*based upon fatty acids from natural, renewable coconut oil
completely biodegradable



COSMETIC INGREDIENTS FUNCTIONS OF JORDAPON SCI:
*Surfactant,
*Surfactant (Anionic)



BENEFITS OF JORDAPON SCI:
Jordapon SCI exhibits high foaming ability, producing a stable, rich and velvety lather that does not dehydrate the skin, making it ideal for addition to water-free products as well as skin care, hair care, and bath products.
This high-performance surfactant, Jordapon SCI, which is equally effective in both hard and soft water, is a popular choice for addition to liquid shampoos and bar shampoos, liquid soaps and bar soaps, bath butters and bath bombs, and to shower gels, to name a few foaming products.

This lightly-scented and conditioning cleansing agent, Jordapon SCI, is gentle enough for use on the delicate skin of babies, making it an ideal surfactant for makeup as well as personal care products and natural toiletries.
Its emulsifying property, which allows water and oil to mix, makes Jordapon SCI a popular ingredient in soaps and shampoos, as it encourages dirt to attach itself to them, which in turn makes it easier for it to be washed away.
Jordapon SCI's deluxe foaming capacity and conditioning effects leave the hair and skin feeling hydrated, soft, and silky-smoothe.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF JORDAPON SCI:
-Benefit Claims:
*Cleansing,
*High Foaming,
*Mild,
*Non-Irradiated,
*Silky Feel,
*Soft Feel

-Labeling Claims:
*Additive-free,
*Antioxidants-free,
*Clean at Sephora,
*Credo Clean Standard,
*GMO-free,
*Microplastics-free,
*Nanomaterials-free,
*Naturally Derived,
*Non-GMO,
*Not Tested on Animals,
*Preservative-free,
*Solvent-free,
*Ulta Beauty's Conscious Beauty



MARKETS OF JORDAPON SCI:
*HI&I Care,
*Personal Care


FUNCTIONS OF JORDAPON SCI:
*Anionic Surfactant



IN A NUTSHELL, JORDAPON SCI:
*Made from natural, renewable coconut oil
*Very mild to skin and eyes
*Jordapon SCI exhibits excellent foam and lather, performs well in hard water
*Jordapon SCI imparts a soft after-feel to skin or hair
*Great for solid cleansing bars, thus avoiding SLS and SLeS
*Jordapon SCI creates an opaque and creamy product when used with other surfactants in winter, but in our hot summers this effect can disappear
*Biodegradable



HIGH PURITY JORDAPON SCI PROVIDES:
+ High foaming performance,
+ Extreme mildness
+ Soft & silky skin after-feel characteristics
- Jordapon SCI is an excellent choice as a primary surfactant or secondary surfactant in liquid cleanser applications.
- Jordapon SCI is based upon fatty acids from natural, renewable coconut oil



MAIN BENEFITS OF JORDAPON SCI:
*Emollient,
*Cleansing
*Foaming Agent.



WHO SHOULD USE JORDAPON SCI:
All skin types are welcome to use it.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE JORDAPON SCI?
Jordapon SCI's fine to apply every day, but it shouldn't be left on for more than a few minutes at a time, like other surfactants, to avoid irritation.


JORDAPON SCI WORKS WELL WİTH:
Jordapon SCI's compatible with a wide range of different surfactants.
To make a thicker mixture, Jordapon SCI's frequently used with natural polymers like xanthan gum and carrageenan gum.


JORDAPON SCI DOES NOT WORK WİTH:
Jordapon SCI has no known negative interactions with other substances.


HOW TO USE JORDAPON SCI:
Jordapon SCI is added to your formulation's water phase.



MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF JORDAPON SCI:
The inability of Jordapon SCI’s micelles to contribute to skin penetration was one of the reasons for its mildness.
The Jordapon SCI micelles were found to be significantly larger than the skin’s aqueous pores, implying that the SCI micelles are unlikely to enter the skin and cause more discomfort.

Surfactant, often known as a surface-active agent, Jordapon SCI is a detergent-like chemical.
When added to a liquid, Jordapon SCI lowers the surface tension, making it easier to spread and moisten.
Surfactants break down these interactions as they absorb.

Because the intermolecular interactions between the surfactant and the water molecule are substantially lower than those between two water molecules, surface tension is reduced.

Micelles occur when the concentration of surfactant is high.
The critical micelle concentration is the point at which micelles begin to form.
The primary function of surfactants is to reduce surface and interfacial tension while also stabilising the interface.



BENEFITS OF JORDAPON SCI:
Jordapon SCI has a strong foaming ability and produces a stable, rich, and velvety lather that does not dehydrate the skin, making it perfect for use in water-free products.
This high-performance surfactant, Jordapon SCI, is widely used in liquid shampoos and bar shampoos, liquid soaps and bar soaps, bath butters and bath bombs, and shower gels, to name a few foamy items.

This gently fragrant and conditioning washing agent is gentle enough for baby’s sensitive skin, making Jordapon SCI an excellent surfactant for makeup, personal care products, and natural toiletries.
Its emulsifying property, which allows water and oil to mix, makes Jordapon SCI a common ingredient in soaps and shampoos since it promotes dirt to adhere to them, making it simpler to remove.
Jordapon SCI's luxurious foaming capacity and conditioning properties leave hair and skin feeling moisturised, soft, and silky smooth.



IS JORDAPON SCI NATURAL?
Jordapon SCI cannot be considered natural.
Jordapon SCI is not known to naturally occur in plants, minerals, or animals.
While one part of Jordapon SCI's synthesis does come from coconut oil, the other half is derived from sodium bisulfate and ethylene oxide.



PROPERTIES OF JORDAPON SCI::
Jordapon SCI, is a substance naturally derived from coconut oil.
Jordapon SCI contains fatty acids and the sulfonic (isethionic acid).
To maintain its properties, Jordapon SCI requires proper storage conditions – in a cool place, away from light and heat.

Jordapon SCI is safe for external applications.
Jordapon SCI has been a subject of many research studies and has not been found to cause any significant adverse effects.
Jordapon SCI is considered safe for use in cosmetic formulations.

However, to make sure no allergic reaction occurs, a quick test may be conducted: Place a small amount of the product containing Jordapon SCI on your hand and wait for a moment, looking for any significant changes.
If no irritation develops, Jordapon SCI can be used as instructed.



STRENGTHS OF JORDAPON SCI:
Jordapon SCI is a wonderful, gentle lather.


WEAKNESSES OF JORDAPON SCI:
The larger shapes of Jordapon SCI can be a pain to melt down.
Jordapon SCI can hydrolyze if it’s in a hydrous (liquid) formulation with a pH below 6, causing formulations to become unstable.



ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSTITUTIONS OF JORDAPON SCI:
As a bare minimum you’ll need a different solid anionic surfactant.
You’ll also need to watch the active surfactant matter (you may need to use a different quantity of the new surfactant to get the same ASM level in the end product) and the pH of the final product.
Keep in mind that most solid anionic surfactants are not as gentle as Jordapon SCI.
Two options to consider would be SLSa and Sodium (C14-16) olefin sulfonate (Bio-Terge AS90).



DO YOU NEED JORDAPON SCI?
Jordapon SCI depends on what you want to make!
If you primarily want to make shampoo bars and other solid cleansing bars, I highly recommend Jordapon SCI.
If you are more interested in foaming bath products (bath salts, bath bombs, bath truffles, etc.), I’d probably choose Sodium Lauryl
Sulfoacetate (SLSa) over Jordapon SCI as it’s far more water soluble.
If your primary aim to create liquid surfactant products, I’d choose liquid surfactants and/or solid surfactants that are more water soluble (Sodium Coco Sulfate [SCS], Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate [SLMI]) than Jordapon SCI is.



SOLUBILITY OF JORDAPON SCI:
Jordapon SCI is water soluble, but not very enthusiastically.
Jordapon SCI's cousin, Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate (SLMI), is far more water soluble.



WHY DO WE USE JORDAPON SCI IN FORMULATIONS?
Jordapon SCI offers beautiful, gentle “lace glove” lather to our products.
Jordapon SCI’s also naturally acidic, so it helps our end products have a skin-friendly pH with less (or no) adjusting.



BENEFITS OF JORDAPON SCI:
*Good foam improver and stabilizer
*Very mild and non-drying
*Plant based
*Outstanding (sole) surfactant for bar soaps and syndets
*Easy to handle and formulate
*Packaging Description



BENEFITS OF JORDAPON SCI FOR SKIN:
Jordapon SCI offers benefits for nearly all skin types, particularly those with sensitive or dry skin types.
Some of these benefits include:

*Produces a silky lather:
Due to the fact that it's a surfactant, Jordapon SCI lowers the surface tension of the water, allowing the product to spread easier across the face.
In hair care products, Jordapon SCI gently cleanses hair while removing excess oil to reduce tangles and frizz, as well as allow the products to lather.

*Adding hydration and moisture:
According to Spinnato, Jordapon SCI exhibits a high foaming ability producing a stable, rich, and velvety lather that does not dehydrate the skin.
Instead of drying out the skin like other surfactants, Jordapon SCI'll leave your skin feeling hydrated and moisturized sans any irritation, redness, or dryness.

*Gently lifting away dirt, oil, and another build-up:
By bonding water and oil, Jordapon SCI has the ability to help get rid of any makeup residue, dirt, or grime that's been sitting on your face, body, or scalp all day.
This means that Jordapon SCI is an agent that helps remove the dirt and oils with the emulsification of the product.

*Preventing damage to the skin barrier:
Unlike other harsher surfactants, Jordapon SCI is kinder on the skin.
In return, explains Graf, Jordapon SCI cleanses the skin gently without damaging the moisture barrier or taking away any hydration.



SIDE EFFECTS OF JORDAPON SCI:
As of now, there are no known side effects associated with using Jordapon SCI.
However, if you have a coconut allergy, you should steer clear of the ingredient.
Since Jordapon SCI is derived from coconut oil, it should be avoided by anyone who has a coconut allergy.

Another thing to note:
If you overuse the ingredient, Jordapon SCI may be drying, particularly for those with natural or thicker textured hair types.
Jordapon SCI may strip the hair of its natural oils if you use it too often on dryer hair types, so make sure to proceed with caution.



HOW TO USE JORDAPON SCI:
Due to its gentle nature, Jordapon SCI can be used every single day.
For a body wash, opt to use Jordapon SCI twice a day.
If Jordapon SCI's a cleanser, you should only be using it two times a day at maximum.

Before using Jordapon SCI, make sure the bottle has no more than 50% SCI, advises Graf, as it can be drying.
Jordapon SCI arrives within shampoos, body washes, cleansers, and soap bars, so incorporating it into your routine is truly an effortless product that'll reap major rewards.



RECOMMENDED USAGE OF JORDAPON SCI:
Jordapon SCI is safe for regular use when formulated within the recommended concentrations for personal care products.
The Cosmetics Ingredient Review (CIR), an independent panel of expert scientists responsible for evaluating the safety of cosmetic ingredients, has established guidelines for the safe use of Jordapon SCI in various types of products.
Jordapon SCI can be used daily, but it is recommended to only be used twice on hair per day to maintain follicle health.



JORDAPON SCI HELPS TO:
*Lift and remove dirt
*Hydrate the hair and skin to protect against dryness
*Create rich, foaming lather
*Prevent frizz
*Increase product viscosity
*Moisturize, condition, and soften
*Reduce tangling
*Emulsify formulations and increase their viscosity, which contributes a creamier texture
*Lift and remove dirt
*Soothe skin
*Hydrate, condition, and soften the skin to reduce irritation, cracking, and peeling



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Surfactant


MAIN BENEFITS:
Jordapon SCI creates a rich lather, gently lifts away dirt and grime, and hydrates.


WHO SHOULD USE IT:
In general, Jordapon SCI's great for all skin types, particularly those with sensitive or dry skin since it's not as harsh as other surfactants.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE IT:
Jordapon SCI can be used daily, but should be used twice at most for hair care, cleansing, and body products.


WORKS WELL WITH:
Emollients and humectants to help support the skin barrier.


DON'T USE WITH:
Other harsh surfactants or skin irritants to retain its maximum benefits.



JORDAPON SCI IS THE WORLD'S MOST COMMON SYNTHETİC SURFACTANT USED FOR BATH BOMBS, BODY CLEANSERS, SHAMPOOS, SOAPS, CONDITIONERS AND OTHER FOAMY AND BUBBLY PRODUCTS:
✅ Jordapon SCI has excellent properties regardless of pH and is not affected by water hardness when used as a detergent.
Jordapon SCI provides a very creamy and rich lather
✅ Anionic, foaming, sulphate-free, skin-friendly, biodegradable. Without additives, preservatives or colorantes surfactant

✅ Plant-based (coconut oil) and synthetic.
Esterified derivative of coconut oil fatty acids

✅ Jordapon SCI not only provides a consumer-perceivable smooth and moisturizing feeling but also is actually one of the mildest surfactants for skin.
Numerous studies have shown the high tolerance of skin for Jordapon SCI.

✅ Allows to formulate shampoos containing butters or oils for a nourishing and conditioning effect, without losing the washing and foaming power and without weighing down the hair.
Jordapon SCI used in combination with Sodium Coco Sulfate (SCS) to formulate solid shampoos that are soft and well tolerated by the scalp and hair, while providing a rich and creamy lather.
Jordapon SCI also makes it possible to prepare shower bars

✅ As Jordapon SCI has limited solubility in water it may recrystallise if used in a liquid shampoo.
✅ Jordapon SCI performs well in hard water areas and is biodegradable.
Jordapon SCI has a minimum of 83% active ingredient and a pH of 5.4 (35°C / 77°F) so formulae do not usually need pH adjusting

✅ No Preservatives
✅ No Antioxidants
✅ No Solvents



FUNCTIONS OF JORDAPON SCI:
*Cleansing :
Jordapon SCI helps to keep a clean surface
*Hair conditioning :
Jordapon SCI leaves hair easy to comb, soft, soft and shiny and / or confers volume, lightness and shine
*Surfactant :
Jordapon SCI reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of JORDAPON SCI:
Inci: Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate
Application: Anionic, Mild Surfactant
Appearance: White to off-white flakes or chips
CAS No.: 61789-32-0
InChIKeys: WYHCVLBWWXVCEM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular Weight: 1555.23182
Exact Mass: 288.100739
EC Number: 263-052-5
DSSTox ID: DTXSID6028070
PSA: 91.9
Appearance: White or of- white powder or crystlline power,odorless
Solubility: Very soluble in N,N-Dimethylformamide,
Soluble in methanol,Sparingly soluble inglacial acetic acid,
Very slightly soluble inchloroform, Practically insoluble in water.
Melting Point: 152°C~156°C
Melting Point: 191-194°C
pH: 6.0-8.0
Solubility: Soluble in water
INCI: Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate
CAS# 61789-32-0 / 61788-47-4
Physical Form: Solid Powder
Appearance: White to Off-White Powder
Odor: Characteristic
pH (35°C, 10% Solution): 4.0 – 6.0
Active Substance: min. 82%
Free Fatty Acids: max. 13.0%
Solubility: Water
Typical Usage Rates: 3 – 40% depending on formulation



FIRST AID MEASURES of JORDAPON SCI:
-First-aid measures general:
If you feel unwell, seek medical advice.
-First-aid measures after inhalation:
Assure fresh air breathing.
Allow the victim to rest.
-First-aid measures after skin contact:
Wash with plenty of water.
-First-aid measures after eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.
-First-aid measures after ingestion:
Rinse mouth.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of JORDAPON SCI:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
--For non-emergency personnel:
*Protective equipment:
Wear recommended personal protective equipment.
*Emergency procedures:
Ventilate area.
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent entry to sewers and public waters.
-Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:
*Methods for cleaning up:
On land, sweep or shovel into suitable containers.
Collect spillage.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of JORDAPON SCI:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use CO2.
Dry powder or water mist extinguishers only
-Advice for firefighters:
*Firefighting instructions:
Evacuate area.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of JORDAPON SCI:
-Control parameters:
No additional information available
-Exposure controls:
*Hand protection:
Protective gloves
*Eye protection:
Chemical goggles or safety glasses
*Skin and body protection:
Wear suitable protective clothing
-Other information:
Do not eat, drink or smoke during use.



HANDLING and STORAGE of JORDAPON SCI:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep only in the original container in a cool, well ventilated place away from:
Keep container closed when not in use.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of JORDAPON SCI:
-Reactivity:
No additional information available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under normal conditions



SYNONYMS:
jordapon SCI
Sodium Cocoyl Ethyl Ester Sulfonate
Fatty Acids, Coconut Oil, Sulfoethyl Esters, Sodium Salts
fatty acids coco 2-sulfoethyl esters sodium salts
fatty acids coconut oil sulfoethyl esters sodium salts
fatty acids, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodium salts
fatty acids, coconut oil, sulfoethyl esters, sodium salts
igepon AC-78
Fatty acids, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodium salts
coconut fatty acid 2-sulfoethyl ester sodium salt
coconut fatty acid, 2-sulfoethyl ester, sodium salt
Sodium cocoyl isethionate 85%
SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHANE COFA SULFONATE
coconutfattyacid,2-sulfoethylester,sodiumsalt
DISODIUM MANGANESE EDTA CONTENT 12.5
Fattyacids,coco,2-sulfoethylesters,sodiumsalts
fattyacids,coconutoil,sulfoethylesters,sodiumsalts
jordaponci
sodiumcocoylisothionate

Synonyms: Hexamethylenediamine Tetra (methylene Phosphonic acid) (K6);K6HMDTMP cas :38820-59-6

KAOLIN; Aluminum Silicate; Silicic acid, aluminum salt; Aluminosilicic acid; Kieselsäure, Aluminiumsalz (German); ácido silícico, sal de aluminio (Spanish); Acide silicique, sel d'aluminium (French); China clay; Kaolinite; Kaopectate; Porcelain clay; cas no: 1332-58-7

Inci : kaolin, Cas : 1332-58-7, EC : 310-194-1, Ce produit est du silicate naturel d’aluminium raffiné qui contient un agent dispersant approprié,

Kaowax EB-G is a kind of waxy amides with high melting point and low viscosity in molten state.
Kaowax EB-G is white granule powder.
In the molten state at high temperature, the resin and solvent, Kaowax EB-G, have good compatibility.


CAS Number: 110-30-5
Chemical name: Ethylene Bis-Stearamide (EBS)
Chemical family: Amide


Kaowax EB-G is a lubricant and release agent, mainly used in thermal plastics such as: ABS resin, PS , PVC and so on.
Kaowax EB-G is a white solid that provides a slippery coating for a variety of applications.
Kaowax EB-G has minimum impact to low temperature properties.


Kaowax EB-G's industrial products are slightly yellow particles or white powder, non-toxic, and have no side effects on the human body.
Kaowax EB-G is a white solid of low toxicity that provides a slippery coating for a variety of applications.
Kaowax EB-G is derived from stearic acid and ethylenediamine.


Kaowax EB-G has high stiffening of the asphalt binder.
Kaowax EB-G increase Performance Grade (PG) of asphalt.
Kaowax EB-G powder is an amide wax of type N,N-bis-stearyl ethylenediamine with particularly good thermostability.


Kaowax EB-G has no influence on the transparency of the Polymers.
Kaowax EB-G is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.
Kaowax EB-G is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.


Kaowax EB-G is a white solid of low toxicity that provides a slippery coating for a variety of applications.
Kaowax EB-G is based on a non-vegetable origin, secondary bis-amide.
Kaowax EB-G offers mold release benefits in polyamides (nylon).


Kaowax EB-G improves viscosity of asphalt at different ranges of temperatures.
Kaowax EB-G is a secondary bis-amide additive.
Kaowax EB-G has good anti-blocking properties in polyolefins.


Kaowax EB-G is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.
Kaowax EB-G is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.
Kaowax EB-G is fine solid powder @25°C.


Kaowax EB-G is a synthetic wax with high melting point.
Kaowax EB-G is a hard and brittle white high melting point wax.
Kaowax EB-G has a shelf life of 365 days.


Kaowax EB-G is also available in bead form.
Kaowax EB-G is an amide wax.
Kaowax EB-G by MLA Group has low acid value ( free fatty acid ), high melting point, and excellent white colour, and high purity.


Synthhetic wax having high melting point, Kaowax EB-G has some functions as internal and external lubricant, releasing and dispersion agent of pigment for the most thermosetting and thermoplastic resins.
Kaowax EB-G is white granule powder.


Kaowax EB-G is a hard and brittle white high melting point wax, it's industrial products are slightly yellow fine particles, insoluble in most solvents at room temperature, stable to acids and bases, and aqueous media, soluble in hot chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons solvents, it’s powder slippery feeling strong, above 80 ℃ to water with wettability of the compound.


Kaowax EB-G is a synthetic wax that has fatty amide groups that can interact with the surface of a variety of nanoparticles.
Kaowax EB-G is white spherical particle, non-toxic and no side effect on humans.
Kaowax EB-G is insoluble in most organic solvents at room temperature.


Kaowax EB-G is stable to acid, alkali and water medium.
Kaowax EB-G is soluble in hot chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.
Kaowax EB-G is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.


Kaowax EB-G is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.
Kaowax EB-G also functions as an external lubricant for PVC and a process aid for polyolefins.
Kaowax EB-G is suitable for composites, styrenics and rubber.


Kaowax EB-G is white or slight yellow powder or granule
Kaowax EB-G is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.
Kaowax EB-G is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.


Kaowax EB-G acts as a slip and anti-block additive.
Kaowax EB-G disperses evenly through the polymer in the melt phase, and migrates to the surface where it forms a thin lubricating layer that reduces coefficient of friction between surfaces and reduces unwanted adhesion.


Kaowax EB-G is ethylene-bis-stearamide of non-vegetable origin.
Kaowax EB-G is a secondary bis amide effective as an anti-block agent and process aid for polyolefins.
Kaowax EB-G is an amide wax of type N,N-bis-stearyl ethylenediamine with particularly good thermostability.


Kaowax EB-G is an amide wax of type Kaowax EB-G.
Kaowax EB-G is compatible with styrene & styrenic copolymer, PVC, PO and PS.
Kaowax EB-G exhibits good thermostability and excellent slip properties.



USES and APPLICATIONS of KAOWAX EB-G:
Kaowax EB-G is used as a lubricant in ABS, PS, PP, engineering plastics, PVC and thermosetting plastics.
Kaowax EB-G is used Anti-Blocking Agent, Release Agent, Slip Agent, Flow Promoter, and Hot-Melt Adhesive
Kaowax EB-G provides typical slip and anti-blocking characteristics to all polymers.


The recommended dosage levels are 500-2000 ppm in films and 0.2-1.0% in molding applications.
Kaowax EB-G powder does not affect the transparency of polymers and acts as lubricant in a wide variety of polymers like PVC, PO, PS and engineering plastics.


Kaowax EB-G is added in the coating production to increase the uniform dispersion of pigment and filler, improve the surface leveling property of baking paint, prevent the stripping off of paint film and improve water-proof and acid-resistant and alkali-resistant property.
Kaowax EB-G improves flow and has no influence on transparency of polymers.


Kaowax EB-G is used as processing auxiliary of rubber. Besides the lubricant demoulding property and modifying performance of filler surface, it can raise the surface fineness of rubber pipes and rubber plates to act as rubber surface polishing agent.
Kaowax EB-G acts as a lubricant, release & antiblocking agent for all engineering resins and dispersing agent for masterbatch applications.


Kaowax EB-G is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability, to decrease friction and abrasion of the polymer surface, and to contribute color stability and polymer degradation.


Kaowax EB-G is used as lubricant with good inner or outer lubricant action and has good coordination when used together with other lubricants as high grade alcohols, aliphatic acid esters, calcium stearate and paraffin.
Kaowax EB-G has apparent melting point of wax and asphalt.


Kaowax EB-G is used as nucleation transparency agent to reduce the nucleating time in compounds such as polyolefins, polyformaldehyde and polyamide, promote the structure of resin to become fine, thus improve the mechanical property and transparency of the products.
Kaowax EB-G is used in powder metallurgy.


Kaowax EB-G derived from stearic acid with ethylene diamine is a synthetic was used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability.
Kaowax EB-G is used as defoamer in latex, paper processing and fiber processing.


Lubrication performance is excellent, anti-calcium salt ability is strong, drag reduction effect is good, used for drilling in saturated brine to reduce power consumption.
Kaowax EB-G is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, coating products, inks and toners and polishes and waxes.


Kaowax EB-G is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Kaowax EB-G is also used as a release agents, antistats, and antifoaming agent.
Kaowax EB-G is used as defoamer/ anti-foaming agent and coating component of paper for paper-making industry.


An addition of 0.5-1 % of Kaowax EB-G can not only prevent the occurrence of air bubbles but also make the plastic bags be slippery so as to be opened easily.
Kaowax EB-G is used as a dispersant in masterbatches and flame retardant materials.


Kaowax EB-G is used as additive EBS can be incorporated directly into polymers to prevent any unwanted adhesion.
Adhesive pellets or film often develop adhesion between the polymer pellets or layers when exposed to elevated temperatures and pressures.
Chemical pigments are lubricated in plastics, inks, coatings, anti-caking, etc., dispersing performance, defoaming agent in powder metallurgy, demoulding in molds.


Kaowax EB-G migrates to the surface of the polymer where it forms a thin lubricating layer.
As Kaowax EB-G has good wearable performance and smoothing performance, fits for improving polishing performance of lacquer, air release of surface with holes, Kaowax EB-G is also well used as dulling agent for polishing furniture and printing ink.


Functions in plastics: lubrication, dispersion, hanging foam, anti-caking , demoulding ; processing technology: extrusion, injection molding, calendering, fine particle size 325 mesh, low addition amount, 0.5%~1%.
Application of Kaowax EB-G: Water treatment


Kaowax EB-G is used to prevent adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Kaowax EB-G can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.


Kaowax EB-G is also used as release agents, antistatic agents, and antifoaming agents.
Kaowax EB-G is used as an internal and external slip agent in many thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics, the most representative ones are ABS, PS, ABS, PVC, also used in PE, PP, PVAC, cellulose, Accurate, Nylon, phenolic-Resin, amino plastics.


Kaowax EB-Ghas a good finish and good film release.
Kaowax EB-G is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, coating products, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.


Kaowax EB-G is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.
Kaowax EB-G is used for the manufacture of: rubber products, textile, leather or fur, machinery and vehicles and chemicals.
Kaowax EB-G is also used in process industries as release agent and antistatic agent for the production of thermoplastics,and wiring.


Kaowax EB-G is used in various industries as internal/external lubricant, mold release agent, dispersant and slip- and anti-blocking-agent.
Because of it's excellent lubricating properties, Kaowax EB-G is widely used internally and/or externally in most plastics such as ABS, PS, PP etc.
Kaowax EB-G is used as processing aid for resins and polymers and as defoaming agent.


Kaowax EB-G is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits.
Kaowax EB-G is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, coating products, inks and toners and polishes and waxes.


Kaowax EB-G is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Kaowax EB-G is used for the manufacture of: rubber products, textile, leather or fur, machinery and vehicles and chemicals.


Kaowax EB-G is used in various industries as internal/external lubricant, mold release agent, dispersant and slip- and anti-blocking-agent.
Because of its excellent lubricating properties Kaowax EB-G is widely used internally and/or externally in most plastics such as ABS, PS, PP etc.
Kaowax EB-G is non-toxic and can be dispersed evenly through the polymer in the melt phase.


Kaowax EB-G is traditionally used as lubricant and binder for cold compaction of powdered metal parts.
Kaowax EB-G is used in the following products: polymers, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.


As a lubricant of polyformaldehyde, the addition amount is 0.5%, which improves the melt flow rate and the film release, and the whiteness, thermal stability and physical index of polyformaldehyde all reach the superior index.
Adhesive pellets or film often develop adhesion between the polymer pellets or layers when exposed to elevated temperatures and pressures.


Kaowax EB-G not only has good external lubrication effect, but also has good internal lubrication effect, which improves the fluidity and demoulding property of melted plastic in plastic molding process, thus improving the yield of plastic processing, reducing energy consumption, and making the product obtain high surface smoothness and smoothness.


Cosmetic Uses of Kaowax EB-G: viscosity controlling agents
Kaowax EB-G can be found in industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation in materials and as processing aid.
Kaowax EB-G is traditionally used as lubricant and binder for cold compaction of powdered metal parts.


Kaowax EB-G is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability, to decrease friction and abrasion of the polymer surface, and to contribute color stability and polymer degradation.


Kaowax EB-G is an internal additive and can be incorporated into resin as supplied or via masterbatch / pre-blend.
Kaowax EB-G can be found in: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Kaowax EB-G has proven mold release benefits in nylon and is a lubricant for PVC.
Kaowax EB-G is used in the following products: polymers, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.


Kaowax EB-G is used as a processing aid for resins and polymers and as a defoaming agent.
Kaowax EB-G is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability, to decrease friction and abrasion of the polymer surface, and to contribute color stability and polymer degradation.


Kaowax EB-G is used to prevent adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Kaowax EB-G can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.


Kaowax EB-G is used as an additive for hot melt adhesives.
Kaowax EB-G provides typical slip and anti-blocking characteristics to all polymers e.g. in films.
Kaowax EB-G is an ethylenebisstearamide, specifically developed to afford low, consistent viscosities and superior cost performance in paper pulp defoamer applications.


Useful as defoamer for paper making and textile processing .
Kaowax EB-G can be found in industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, in the production of articles, formulation in materials, formulation of mixtures and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Kaowax EB-G is used in various industries as internal/external lubricant, mold release agent, dispersant and slip- and anti-blocking-agent.
Because of it's excellent lubricating properties, Kaowax EB-G is widely used internally and/or externally in most plastics such as ABS, PS, PP, etc.
Kaowax EB-G is also used in process industries as release agent and antistatic agent for the production of thermoplastics,and wiring.


Kaowax EB-G is compared with traditional lubricants such as paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, stearate, etc.
Kaowax EB-G is used as additive Ethylenebisstearamide can be incorporated directly into polymers to prevent any unwanted adhesion.
Kaowax EB-G is used as Release agent and flow promoter for all engineering resins, Styrenics and their copolymers.


Kaowax EB-G is used Dispersing agent for masterbatch applications, preferably for engineering resins and PVC, and Modifier in textile auxiliaries
In the processing of ABS, AS, hard PVC, polyformaldehyde, polycarbonate, polyurethane and phenolformaldehyde resins, Kaowax EB-G is used as lubricant demoulding agent with a quantity of 0.5~1.5 %.


Kaowax EB-G is used as anti-adhesive agent for various polymer film or sheets.
Kaowax EB-G can remarkably enhance the heat-resistant and weather-resistant properties while coordinating with chief stabilizer in formulation of inorganic filler for PVC and polyolefin.


Kaowax EB-G can decrease the viscosity of asphalt and improve it’s softening point and weathering resistance when added to asphalt.
Added in the manufacturing process of dope and oil paint to enhance salt mist and dampproof effect and to improve performance of paint remover.
Kaowax EB-G can be used for a wide range of applications such as lubricants, activators and dispersing agents that reduce the friction in the system and increase the rate of processing.


Kaowax EB-G is also used in process industries as release agent and antistatic agent for the production of thermoplastics,and wiring.
Kaowax EB-G is used in powder metallurgy.
Kaowax EB-G is used as additive Kaowax EB-G can be incorporated directly into polymers to prevent any unwanted adhesion.


Kaowax EB-G can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys).
Kaowax EB-G is used to prevent the adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.


Experience has shown that simple manual mixing prior to processing will normally give an acceptable dispersion though, mechanical means are preferred.
Typical addition levels vary depending on polymer and lubrication required.
Kaowax EB-G acts as a slip and anti-block agent, mold release agent and lubricant for PVC.


Chemical fiber: Kaowax EB-G can improve the heat and weather resistance, fluidity of polyester, polyamide fiber, and give a certain anti-static effect.
Hot-Melt Adhesive Applications of Kaowax EB-G: Release agent and flow promoter for all engineering resins, Styrenics and their copolymers.
Kaowax EB-G can also be a binder in the precise engineering metal part.


Due to it's good dispersing ability and surface migration Kaowax EB-G can be used in printing inks.
A field of application is the bitumen industry: When used in asphalt binder for road making (asphalt modifiers), Kaowax EB-G increases its softening point and enhances its visco-elasticity.


Kaowax EB-G can help to increase the melting point of petroleum products; lubricant and corrosive agent of metal wire drawing.
Kaowax EB-G is used for lubricant of plastic and metal molding, adhesion preventives, viscosity modifier, anti-corrosion of wax, water resistance of coating and spray paint.


Kaowax EB-G is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Kaowax EB-G is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.
Kaowax EB-G can be found in industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, as processing aid, manufacturing of the substance and in processing aids at industrial sites.


Kaowax EB-G can be found in: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Kaowax EB-G can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.
Kaowax EB-G is a bis-amide polymer additive that lowers the temperature at which the asphalt softens.


Kaowax EB-G is a bis-amide polymer additive that lowers the temperature at which the asphalt softens.
Kaowax EB-G is used as processing aid for resins and polymers and as defoaming agent.
Kaowax EB-G is an effective lubricant, processing aid, slip additive and pigment dispersant aid for most polymers.


Kaowax EB-G is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Kaowax EB-G has proven mould release action in polyamides, and is a lubricant for PVC.


Kaowax EB-G is a bis-amide anti-blocking additive used to prevent blocking and as anti-tack of adhesives.
In synthetic fiber industry, Kaowax EB-G can improve the heat-resistant, weather-resistant property of polyester and polyamide and bring about certain antistatic effects.


Kaowax EB-G is used in the spinning of antistatic nylon fiber as additive and also is able to reduce the breaking of yarn.
Kaowax EB-G improves the kneading, processing and vulcanization performance of rubber grains in the processing of rubber.
In nitrocellulose lacquers, Kaowax EB-G can bring about the flatting action.


Kaowax EB-G is used as lubricant in powder metallurgy (PM) steels to reduce the inter-particle and die-wall friction during pressing and hence improve powder compressibility and ejection of the component from the compaction tool.
Kaowax EB-G can help to increase the smoothness and fineness for insulator layer of electric power and cable.


Chemical fiber: Kaowax EB-G can improve heat and weather resistance performance of polyester and polyamide fiber, and has some anti-static effect.
Kaowax EB-G can be found in: outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).


Kaowax EB-G is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, coating products, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.
Pigment and filler: Kaowax EB-G can be used as pigment dispersant of plastic , fiber, such as ABS, PS, polypropylene fibre and PET fiber and other color masterbatch.


Kaowax EB-G is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, polymers, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, metal working fluids, textile treatment products and dyes and coating products.
Kaowax EB-G is used Lubricant in powder metal molding, rubber, adhesives, coatings, wire drawing, wood plastic composite, Defoamer in paper, Lubricant for Polyacetals, Water repellent for paper, Intermediate for defoamers, and Delustering agent for furniture finishes and printing inks.


As Kaowax EB-G has strong cohesions with pigment or other filler, Kaowax EB-G can improve the dispersion and coupling property of fillers in the polymers to enhance the commercial value of the products.
Kaowax EB-G is added to oil based defoamers to improve foam knock down.


Kaowax EB-G can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.
Kaowax EB-G is used internal and external lubricants with sexual and non-sexual functions are more conductive to lubrication, anti-blocking agents, high gloss and excellent antistatic properties.


Kaowax EB-G is used to prevent adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Kaowax EB-G is used in powder metallurgy.


Kaowax EB-G is used Raw materials, Ethylenediamine Trap Stearic acid, Preparation Products, defoaming agent OTD
Kaowax EB-G, a new plastic lubricant developed in recent years, is widely used in the molding and processing of PVC products, ABS, high impact polystyrene, polyolefin, rubber and plastic products.


-Paint, Ink:
*Adding 0.5~2% Kaowax EB-G can improve the effect of salt spray and moisture resistance in the manufacture of paint and lacquer.
*Adding Kaowax EB-G in the paint can improve the performance of the paint stripper and can improve the leveling of the baked enamel surface.
*Kaowax EB-G can be used as a matting agent in furniture polishing agents and printing ink.
*After micronization (particle size: d50 about 6μ, d 90 about 12μ), Kaowax EB-G has excellent anti-abrasion and smoothness and can be used in lacquer systems to improve polishability and degassing on a porous surface.


-Other uses of Kaowax EB-G:
*Melting point rising agent for petroleum products
*Lubricant and anti-corrosion agent for metal drawing
*Potting material for electrical components; defoaming agent and paper coating ingredient for paper industry
*Kaowax EB-G is used as a defoaming agent and permanent water pulling agent for dyeing works in textile dyeing and finishing
*Adding this product in asphalt can reduce the viscosity of asphalt and improve the softening point, water-resistance and weather resistance of asphalt.


-Pigment, filler dispersant:
*Kaowax EB-G is used as a pigment dispersant for plastic.
*Pigment dispersant for chemical fiber masterbatches, such as ABS, PS, polypropylene, polyester masterbatches.
*Kaowax EB-G can also be used as diffusion powder for plastic color matching.
*Depending on the amount of pigment and filler added, the addition amount is 0.5~5%.


-Plastic uses of Kaowax EB-G:
Lubricants inside or outside many plastics such as ABS, PS, AS, PVC, PE, PP, PVAC, cellulose acetate, nylon, phenolic resin and amino plastics.
Kaowax EB-G has a good surface quality and demoulding performance.


-Consumer Goods:
*Appliances & Electronics
*Adhesives & Sealants: Industrial & *Assembly Adhesives
*Electronics Adhesives
*Industrial Manufacturing
*Healthcare & Pharma — Medical
*Medical Tapes & Adhesives
*Electrical & Electronics — Packaging & Assembly
*Adhesives & Sealants
*Adhesive & Sealant Type


-Mode of action:
Kaowax EB-G can be dispersed evenly through the polymer in the melt phase.
Kaowax EB-G migrates to the surface of the polymer where it forms a thin lubricating layer.
This layer reduces the coefficient of friction between surfaces and prevents any unwanted adhesion.


-Rubber:
Synthetic resin and rubber will have good anti-adhesive and anti-caking effect by adding Kaowax EB-G in their emulsion.
Kaowax EB-G has a good effect to the increase surface gloss when added to rubber products.


-Release agent:
Phenolic resin for sand casting with Kaowax EB-G can be used as a release agent.
-Powder Coating:
Kaowax EB-G can be used as flow additives for powder coatings.


-Applications of Kaowax EB-G:
*Adhesives & sealants
*Composites
*Inks


-Coatings and printing ink:
When manufacturing coating and painting, Kaowax EB-G can improve the effect of salt spray and moistureproof by adding Kaowax EB-G.
Kaowax EB-G can help to improve the paint stripper performance of paint when added, and to increase the leveling performance of baking enamel varnish.


-Applications of Kaowax EB-G:
*Intended resin (Lubricant use)
*ABS, PS, PVC, Phenol resin, Engineering plastics
*Lubricant for ABS resin, polystyrene and copolymers, PVC and polyolefin.
*Lubricant for Shell molding



PROPERTIES OF KAOWAX EB-G:
*Typical lubricants for improving flowability of ABS and PS.
*They prevent blocking of flexible PVC.



BENEFITS of KAOWAX EB-G:
-Excellent slip and anti-blocking properties when used in PVC, engeneering resins, PO film and compounds
-Good release properties in PVC and thermoplastics
-Improves flow of polymers
-No influence on transparency of polymers
-Wide food approval



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of KAOWAX EB-G:
Appearance: White, waxy crystals
Odor: Odourless
Melting point: 144 to 146 °C (291 to 295 °F; 417 to 419 K)
Flash point: 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K)
Physical state: Beads
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/range: 144 - 146 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 260 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: ca.270 °C - DIN 51758
Autoignition temperature: ca.380 °C at 1.013 hPa - DIN 51794
Decomposition temperature: > 200 °C -
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: ca.10 mPa.s at 150 °C
Water solubility at 20 °C: insoluble

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 13,98 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: Not applicable
Density: 1 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 720.34 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 213.00 °F. TCC ( 100.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 14.787 (est)
Soluble in: water, 2.049e-010 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Molecular Weight: 593.0
XLogP3-AA: 15.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 35
Exact Mass: 592.59067967
Monoisotopic Mass: 592.59067967
Topological Polar Surface Area: 58.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 42
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 503
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: 144-146 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 646.41°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (20℃)
vapor pressure: 0.000023 Pa (20 °C)
refractive index: 1.4670 (estimate)
Flash point: 280℃
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: ketones, alcohols and aromatic solvents at their boiling points: soluble
pka: 15.53±0.46(Predicted)
form: beads
Appearance: Powdery
Smell: No smell
Color (Gardner): ≤3#
Melting Point (℃): 141.5-146.5
Acid Value (mgKOH/g): ≤7.50
Amine value (mgKOH/g): ≤2.50
Moisture (wt%): ≤0.30
Mechanical impurity: Φ0.1-0.2mm(individual/10g)



FIRST AID MEASURES of KAOWAX EB-G:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of KAOWAX EB-G:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of KAOWAX EB-G:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of KAOWAX EB-G:
-Control parameters
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of KAOWAX EB-G:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of KAOWAX EB-G:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
N,N-ethylenedi(stearamide)
1,2-distearamidoethane
N,N-Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
N,N'-ethylene bis-stearamide
N,N'-ethane-1,2-diyldioctadecanamide
2,5-dihexadecylhexanediamide
1,2-Bis(stearoylamino) ethane
N,N′-1,2-Ethanediylbisoctadecanamide
N,N′-Ethylenedi(stearamide)
Ethylene distearylamide
N,N′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)di(octadecanamide)
ETHYLENE-BIS-STEARAMIDE
waxc
EBSA
advawax
acrawaxc
acrowaxc
lubrolea
5-AC-13C4
acrawaxct
110-30-5
N,N'-Ethylenebis(stearamide)
Plastflow
Ethylene distearamide
N,N'-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)distearamide
Advawax
Acrowax C
Acrawax CT
Lubrol EA
Ethylenedistearamide
Microtomic 280
Advawachs 280
Ethylenebis(stearylamide)
Abril wax 10DS
Carlisle 280
Nopcowax 22-DS
Ethylenebisstearoamide
Advawax 275
Advawax 280
Carlisle Wax 280
Armowax ebs-P
Ethylenebis(stearamide)
Octadecanamide, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis-
N,N'-Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
1,2-Bis(octadecanamido)ethane
Chemetron 100
N,N'-ETHYLENE DISTEARYLAMIDE
N,N'-Ethylenedistearamide
Ethylenediamine steardiamide
Ethylenediamine bisstearamide
N,N'-Distearoylethylenediamine
Ethylenebisstearamide
N,N'-Ethylenebisstearamide
NN'-Ethylenebis(stearamide)
Stearic acid, ethylenediamine diamide
Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
Octadecanamide, N,N'-ethylenebis-
UNII-603RP8TB9A
N-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide
N,N-Ethylenebis(stearamide)
603RP8TB9A
N,N'-ethane-1,2-diyldioctadecanamide
Acrawax C
Kemamide W 40
N,N'-Ethylenedi(stearamide)
WAX C
N,N-Ethylenebisstearamide
CCRIS 2293
ethylene bisstearamide
HSDB 5398
Ethylene bis stearamide
Ethylene bis(stearamide)
EINECS 203-755-6
NSC 83613
N,N'-Ethylene bisstearamide
AI3-08515
N,N'-ethylene-bis-stearic amide
Abluwax EBS
Armowax EBS
Dorset WAX
C38H76N2O2
N,N'-ethylenebis
Glycowax 765
Kemamide W-39
Kemamide W-40
N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbisoctadecanamide
Uniwax 1760
EC 203-755-6
Ethylene Bis Stearamide SF
SCHEMBL19975
Octadecanamide,N'-ethylenebis-
DTXSID4026840
NSC83613
MFCD00059224
NSC-83613
ZINC85733714
AKOS015915120
Octadecanamide,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis-
DS-6811
E0243
FT-0629590
V0595
D70357
N,N'-Ethylenebis(stearamide), beads, A802179
Q5404472
W-108690
2,5-dihexadecylhexanediamide
N,N'-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)distearamide
Plastic additive 03, European Pharmacopoeia (EP)
n,n'-ethylenebisoctadecanamide (mixture of fatty acid amides) (consists of c14, c16 and c18)
N,N'-Ethylenedi(stearamide)
1,2-Bis(stearoylamino) ethane
N,N′-1,2-Ethanediylbisoctadecanamide
Ethylene distearylamide
Ethylene bisstearamide
Ethylene distearamide
EBS
1,2- Bis(octadecanamido)ethane
Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
Ethylenebis(stearylamide)
Ethylenediamine bisstearamide
N-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide
N-(2-stearamidoethyl)stearamide
N,N'-Distearoylethylenediamine
N,N'-ethane-1,2-diyldioctadecanamide
N,N'-Ethylenedistearamide
n,n'-Ethylene distearylamide
Octadecanamide

KERATIN, N° CAS : 68238-35-7, Nom INCI : KERATIN, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 269-409-1, Ses fonctions (INCI): Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance.Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Kathon 893 This product is a powerful fungicidal compound, which can be used as an additive in aqueous metalworking fluids. KATHON 893 MW offers excellent anti-fungal protection at use rates of 55 to 170 ppm on a post-addition basis. KATHON 893 MW is also compatible with KATHON 886 MW.STORAGE AND HANDLINGThe expected shelf life for this product is 2 years under normal storage conditions. This product, like most chemicals, should be stored out of direct sun light in an area where the temperature is between 40ºF (4.4ºC) and 110ºF (43ºC).SAFETY DATAThis product is very hazardous and proper handling and storage is critical. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Prior to using this product, please consult the Material Safety Data Sheet for instructions regarding safe handling. EPA approved, fully tested and widely used/accepted standard of the industry Can be used in a maintenance dose or in a kill dose Quickly disperses for immediate impact on fungi Compatible with KATHON 886 MW, will not deactivate any active ingredients in the full-spectrum biocide. Soluble, synthetic, and semi-synthetic metalworking fluids or coolants provide an excellent environment for the growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria, mold, and yeast. If allowed to grow, these organisms can have detrimental effects on the fluids. For example, bacteria, which can grow very quickly, can destroy the integrity of the fluid by discoloration, destroying lubricity characteristics, and causing emulsions to split. Bacteria can also reduce the pH of the fluid, which can promote corrosion. Some forms of bacteria have objectionable odors. Fungi typically grow more slowly than bacteria, but can form large masses which clog filters and lines and in some cases lead to system shutdown; fungi also generate foul odors and can cause corrosion. The increased use of synthetic fluids over the past few years has led to an even greater need for the enhanced fungal control that Kathon 893 MW Biocide can provide. Product Name Kathon 893 Synonyms 2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-octyl- Kathon LP Preservative Octhilinone Ultrafresh DM 25 Vinyzene IT 3000DIDP CAS 26530-20-1 Formula C11H19NOS Molecular Weight 213.34 EINECS 247-761-7 RTECS NX8156900 RTECS Class Agricultural Chemical and Pesticide; Drug; Primary Irritant Merck 12,6853 Beilstein/Gmelin 1211137 EC Index Number 613-112-00-5 EC Class Toxic; Harmful; Corrosive; Sensitising; Dangerous for the Environment Physical and Chemical Properties Appearance Clear dark amber liquid. Solubility in water Insoluble Boiling Point 120 Vapor Pressure 3 Density 1.040 g/cm3 (20 C) Usage Used to kill fungus. For Tankside and Concentrate Kathon 893 MW Biocide is a broad-spectrum fungicide that has been recommended and widely used for tankside control of fungi in metalworking central systems. Kathon 893 MW is also an effective fungicide for use in many metalworking fluid concentrates with the appropriate stabilizer package. Due to the wide variations in metalworking fluid formulations, laboratory or small-scale tests are recommended to evaluate Kathon 893 MW in usedilution and concentrate metalworking fluids before they are commercialized. Kathon 893 MW is a highly effective, industrial fungicide that exhibits excellent fungistatic and fungicidal activity against fungi, including yeasts and mold, and Gram-Positive bacteria, and limited activity against Gram-Negative bacteria. Commonly known as octhilinone, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is the active ingredient of Kathon 893 MW. It is supplied as a 45 percent active liquid in propylene glycol. The information in this brochure has been compiled to familiarize the reader with Kathon 893 MW technology, to communicate the tremendous benefits of this product, and to provide directions for safe and efficient use of the product. By following the precautions outlined in this brochure, on the product label, and on the Dow Safety Data Sheet (SDS), Kathon 893 MW can be safely handled. The following are typical properties of Kathon 893 MW Biocide; they are not to be considered product specifications. Appearance: ..................................................................................... Yellow to amber liquid Color (VCS): .............................................................................................................. 8 max. Odor: ................................................................................................................. Mildly sweet Specific gravity @ 24°C: .............................................................................................. 1.03 Flash point, °C (Pensky Martens Closed Cup): ............................................................... 93 Viscosity Brookfield @ 20°C, cps: ................................................................................... 40 Melting point, °C: ............................................................................................................ -40 Boiling point, °C: ............................................................................................................ 188 Vapor pressure, active ingredient @ 25°C: ................................................... 3.7 x 10-5 torr Solubility The solubility data provided below were determined at ambient temperatures (20 to 25°C). The solubility and stability of the active ingredient may be affected when the temperature is lowered to 0°C or increased to 60°C. • Kathon 893 MW Biocide is soluble in methanol, ethanol, propylene glycol, acetone, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, butyl Cellosolve, corn oil, and mineral oil. • The solubility of Kathon 893 MW in toluene is 25% w/v. • The solubility of Kathon 893 MW in water at 25°C is 480 ppm (active ingredient), although this may be increased by using suitable surfactants and emulsifiers. • Kathon 893 MW is insoluble in heptane. Compatibility In concentrate and use-dilution metalworking fluids, the compatibility of Kathon 893 MW Biocide is concentration-dependent and varies from formulation to formulation. It is compatible with most metalworking fluid additives, including surfactants and amines. Compatibility with amines may vary by the type, concentration and pH. Strong reducing agents, such as sulfides, mercaptans, bisulfites and metabisulfites, or strong oxidizing agents, such as hypochlorites, may affect the efficacy of Kathon 893 MW. Laboratory or small-scale tests are recommended in order to evaluate Kathon 893 MW compatibility in use-dilution or concentrate metalworking fluids prior to commercialization. Kathon 893 MW is compatible with most other metalworking fluid biocides, including KATHON 886 MW and KATHON CC (methylchlorosiothiazolone), KORDEK™ LX5000 (methylisothiazolone), ROCIMA™ BT 2S biocides (benzisothiazolone), triazine and formaldehyde-releasers, IPBC (iodopropynylbutylcarbamate) and sodium Pyrithione. Stability In-Use Stability: Kathon 893 MW Biocide has excellent stability in end use dilutions of metalworking fluids. It is stable over a wide pH range (4-10) in water and in metalworking fluid systems. Concentrate Stability: Kathon 893 MW Biocide stability, in metalworking fluid concentrates, is variable. We recommend checking stability and performance before commercialization of products. Dow has several recommended stabilizers to improve stability and compatibility in many types of concentrates. Storage Stability: In general, the storage stability of the Kathon 893 MW Biocide product is excellent. The shelf life of the product is nominally twelve years at 25°C. It is strongly recommended, however, that both the stability and compatibility of Kathon 893 MW Biocide in metalworking fluid formulations or systems be thoroughly examined before commercialization. Method of Addition Kathon 893 MW Biocide should be directly dispensed into metalworking fluid concentrates or use-dilution metalworking fluids using a metering pump or other point-of-use device where possible and uniformLy dispersed throughout the fluid. Fluid Concentrate Kathon 893 MW Biocide should be added to metalworking fluid concentrates at a level that ensures the final use-dilution fluid will contain 55 to 167 ppm of product (25 to 75 ppm active ingredient). Kathon 893 MW stability in a given concentrate should be determined prior to commercialization. Contact your local Dow representative for assistance in selecting one of several recommended stabilizers to enhance the performance and compatibility of Kathon 893 MW in your metalworking fluid concentrate. Use-Dilution Fluid We highly recommend grossly contaminated systems be cleaned before treatment is begun. Initial Dose: For a noticeably fouled system, add 0.47 to 1.44 lbs (7 to 21 fl oz) of Kathon 893 MW Biocide per 1,000 gallons of fluid. This will provide 25 to 75 ppm active ingredient. Repeat until control is achieved. Subsequent Dose: For maintenance of a non-fouled system, add 0.09 to 0.58 lbs (1.3 to 8.6 fl oz) of Kathon 893 MW Biocide per 1,000 gallons of fluid every four weeks. This will provide 5 to 30 ppm active ingredient. A higher dose range and/or increased frequency of treatment may be required, depending upon the rate of dilution of the preservative with the makeup fluid, the nature and severity of contamination, level of control required, filtration effectiveness, system design, etc. General Practices When Using Kathon 893 Biocides • Know the size of your system and dose at the recommended use levels. • To improve performance and longevity, add Kathon 893 MW Biocide on the clean side of the filters. It may be necessary to occasionally add Kathon 893 MW to the dirty side of the filters if large populations of microorganisms are detected there. • Minimize contamination: – Eliminate or minimize dead spots – Disconnect unused portions of the system – Do not throw trash in sumps • Always remember to triple rinse (or equivalent) empty containers to avoid incidental contact. • Post placard with safety information and deactivation protocol near biocide handling area. Additional guidelines for maximizing the performance of Kathon 893 MW Biocide are as follows: • Kathon 893 MW stability and performance is improved with lower pH. Whenever possible, maintain the pH of system below pH 9.2. Lower pH also makes amines and amine-containing compounds less aggressive. • For systems with pH greater than 9.5, we strongly recommend determination of biological efficacy and chemical stability prior to use. • Avoid adding highly basic additives (alkaline materials with pH of 10-12) immediately prior to or after adding Kathon 893 MW to your system. If a highly basic additive must be added, allow sufficient time (at least 30 minutes) between additions. Minimize levels of diethanolamine (DEA) in your system. If possible use 99% triethanolamine (TEA) or monoethanolamine (MEA) instead of DEA, and use these at as low a level as possible. • Always add Kathon 893 MW directly to the metalworking fluid sump. Never use Kathon 893 MW in a spray bottle. • Avoid charging Kathon 893 MW in high temperature zones, since increasing temperatures accelerate other degradation effects. Ideally, add Kathon 893 MW to the fluid below 60°C (140°F). • Avoid adding Kathon 893 MW and incompatible corrosion inhibitors directly to the tank at the same time. How Does Kathon 893 MW Biocide Work? Kathon 893 MW Biocide utilizes a two-step mechanism involving rapid growth inhibition leading to a loss of cell viability. Growth inhibition is the result of rapid disruption of the central metabolic pathways of the cell by inhibition of several specific enzymes, including dehydrogenases. The critical enzymes which are affected are associated with the Krebs cycle, nutrient metabolism and energy generation. The key physiological activities that are rapidly inhibited in microbial cells are respiration (oxygen consumption), energy generation (ATP synthesis), and growth (assimilation). Many of these key enzymes are present in both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, which explains why Kathon 893 MW is such a broad spectrum biocide. Inhibition of cellular activity and growth is rapid (within minutes), whereas cell death (cidal activity) is observed after several hours’ contact. In general, the higher the concentration of biocide, the shorter the contact time required for more complete kill. Cell death results from the progressive loss of protein thiols in the cell from one of multiple pathways. As cell metabolism is disrupted, free radicals are produced which also results in cell death. This unique mechanism results in the broad spectrum of activity of Kathon 893 MW Biocide, low use levels for microbial control, and difficulty in attaining resistance by mutation. See technical bulletin (CS-632) for more detailed information. How Rapidly Does Kathon 893 MW Biocide Work? Within minutes after addition of Kathon 893 MW Biocide to a metalworking fluid sump, the metabolic activity of the microorganisms in the system shuts down. This includes cellular respiration (oxygen uptake), growth, energy generation, and nutrient uptake. The microorganisms, although still alive, are no longer able to reproduce or metabolize metalworking fluid components. After 24 to 48 hours of contact with a lethal dose of the biocide, most of the microorganisms have been killed. How Long Does Kathon 893 MW Biocide Last? Kathon 893 MW Biocide has excellent in-use stability and generally retains its antimicrobial efficacy in metalworking fluid systems for 2 to 4 weeks. Variables such as degree of fluid contamination, effectiveness of the filtration system, system turnover time, compatibility between the microbicide and the metalworking fluid components, and other system additives involved, can affect the life of the microbicide in a system. Is Kathon 893 MW Biocide Effective in Reducing Fungal Biofilms? YES. Kathon 893 MW Biocide has been shown to reduce microbial fouling and prevent biofilm development in metalworking fluid systems. The benefits of reduced fungal biofouling include improved system performance, reduced filter plugging, reduced biocorrosion, and improved microbial control. Is Kathon 893 MW Biocide Effective When Used in Concentrates? YES. Kathon 893 MW Biocide may be used in certain fluid concentrates to provide efficacy in the final use dilutions. Although Kathon 893 MW stability may not be suitable for all concentrates, we have had success with the biocide alone or in combination with one of our recommended stabilizers. How Can I Improve Kathon 893 MW Biocide Stability in Concentrates? We recommend testing Kathon 893 MW Biocide in concentrates prior to commercialization. Dow technical staff can assist you in formulating products. We have years of experience and a range of recommended stabilizers to prolong the lifetime and improve compatibility of Kathon 893 MW in concentrates. Contact your sales representative for assistance. Anti-Microbial Properties of Kathon 893 MW Biocide Initial determinations of the efficacy of any biocidal product are made via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. The MIC test yields valuable information about the product’s inherent antimicrobial efficacy and spectrum of activity. The MIC for any product is the lowest level at which the active ingredient inhibits the growth of various microorganisms. This method is a useful tool for screening antimicrobial agents under standardized laboratory conditions, in nutrient-rich growth conditions. In interpreting the data, remember that low values correspond to high activity. Table 2 indicates that Kathon 893 MW Biocide possesses outstanding antimicrobial activity against a broad range of fungi (both yeasts and molds). Kathon 893 MW has very low MIC values for most of the fungi tested and there is no gap in the spectrum of activity among the organisms tested. Kathon 893 MW Biocide was evaluated as a tankside fungicide in a wide variety of metalworking fluids, including synthetics, semi-synthetics, and soluble-oil fluids. In a oneweek eradication study described below, a total of 16 fluids from various manufacturers in the United States, Europe, and Japan were tested. Test Procedure The actual test systems were run in volumes of 50 mL, which consisted of 40 mL of virgin metalworking fluid (generally diluted 20:1) and 10 mL of the adapted inoculum as described above. Prior to inoculation, the fluids containing fungal growth were blended for two minutes at high speed in a Waring blender. Most samples contained 0.5 g of iron filings. At time zero, the following active levels of Kathon 893 MW Biocide were added: 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm. Additionally, samples were run containing 50 ppm and 100 ppm active sodium Pyrithione. Once fluids were dosed with biocide and inoculated, they were mechanically shaken for one week and plated on sabouraud dextrose agar. Results Kathon 893 MW Biocide was completely effective in all fluids at levels ranging from 5 to 75 ppm active ingredient. In all but one of the fluids, it was effective at concentrations in the range of 5 to 50 ppm active ingredient. In synthetic fluids, which are prone to fungal growth, Kathon 893 MW was effective in the range of 5 to 10 ppm. Sodium Pyrithione was not very effective at recommended use levels of 50 to 100 ppm active ingredient. A long-term study was done to compare the fungicidal activity of Kathon 893 MW Biocide and sodium Pyrithione in a synthetic metalworking fluid, use-dilution 1:30. The concentration of Kathon 893 MW studied ranged from 10 to 75 ppm active ingredient and the concentration of sodium pyrithione ranged from 50 to 200 ppm active ingredient. Test Procedure The test samples were inoculated at zero time and again every two weeks with fungal inoculum isolated from naturally contaminated synthetic metalworking fluid and maintained in the same fluid employed in the test. Results Results, provided in Table 4, show that particularly high fungal counts were not achieved in the untreated control for this particular fluid (note: Due to the inherent mycelial clumping common to most fungal species when growing in liquid substrates, plate counts of colonyforming units carried out on the aliquots of the liquid are not always indicative of the degree of fungal contamination present). In spite of this, sodium Pyrithione allowed fungal survival at all levels at which it was tested. Kathon 893 MW Biocide, however, exhibited complete fungal control at significantly lower levels. There is usually a need to control both bacteria and fungi in metalworking fluid systems. Bacteria and fungi, however, are not always controlled by one biocide. For example, Kathon 893 886 MW Biocide is a broad-spectrum biocide that controls the growth of bacteria and fungi, including molds and yeast, in many metalworking fluid systems and therefore can usually be used alone. Some fluids, however, contain aggressive components which may decrease the stability of KATHON 886 MW and therefore reduce its efficacy for controlling microorganisms. If such fluids are especially prone to fungal growth, use of KATHON 893 MW in conjunction with KATHON 886 MW, KORDEK™ LX5000, or ROCIMA™ BT 2S biocides is recommended. These products are completely compatible and provide excellent cost performance. Kathon 893 MW is also compatible with other bactericides, including triazine and formaldehyde releasers, and other fungicides. The use of Kathon 893 MW in the same system as KATHON 886 MW, KORDEK LX5000, and a number of other biocides are covered in several Dow patents. The efficacy of Kathon 893 MW Biocide in a use-dilution synthetic metalworking fluid was evaluated under actual use conditions during a five-month field trial in a 200,000-gallon system. At the start of the trial, fungal mats covered the walls of the flumes and weirs of the system and filters which required constant maintenance to prevent clogging (see Figure 1). Fungal slime was also present on and around many of the machines supplied by the system. The bacterial population of the fluid was between 103 and 104 cfu/mL (colonyforming units per mL), and the fungal population was between 380 and 790 cfu/mL. During the first 45 days of the trial, the level of Kathon 893 MW Biocide was maintained at approximately 25 ppm active ingredient. For the remaining 3 months of the trial, the level of Kathon 893 MW was maintained between 30 ppm and 10 ppm active ingredient. The results of the trial showed that the regimen of Kathon 893 MW addition chosen provided essentially complete control of fungal organisms in the fluid itself and also destroyed the fungal organisms comprising the mats covering the walls of the flumes and weirs of the system. These fungal mats lost their integrity and gradually sloughed off the surfaces to which they were attached (see Figure 2). The microbial slime present on and around the machines also disappeared. The bacterial populations of the fluid remained in the range of 102 to 104 cfu/mL, throughout the trial. In addition, the amount of makeup fluid required to maintain the desired characteristics of the fluid was reduced significantly (42 percent) during the trial. Handling The procedures used for handling concentrated biocide solutions are similar to those used for handling concentrated acids and alkalis. The purpose is to prevent all eye and skin contact, including inhalation of mists, and thereby prevent possible injury and sensitization. Personnel handling Kathon 893 MW Biocide as supplied should always wear protective clothing, which includes chemical splash goggles, an impervious apron or rain suit, and impervious rubber gloves. We recommend that employees working with Kathon 893 MW as supplied thoroughly wash with soap and water at the end of a shift or prior to eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics. Special care should be taken to avoid contamination of surfaces or materials that may later be handled by unprotected personnel, for example, door and tap handles. Storage Kathon 893 MW Biocide is packaged in polyethylene or polyethylene-lined containers. It should not be stored in unlined metal containers since it is a corrosive material. Normal recommended storage temperatures are in the range of 10° to 25°C (50° to 80°F). Shelf life ~12 years (packaging should be evaluated and replaced as needed for transport compliance over the duration of product shelf life). Storage at >120°F for extended periods of time can result in degradation of the active ingredient. Decontamination Solutions Kathon 893 MW Biocide can be decontaminated with a 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) containing 2-5% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ). Solutions should be freshly prepared. Employees preparing or handling decontamination solutions should wear chemical splash goggles, an impervious apron or rain suit, and impervious rubber gloves. Note: Do not use decontamination solution to treat skin, eyes or clothing which have come in contact with Kathon 893 MW. Decontamination of Equipment Equipment used in the handling of Kathon 893 MW Biocide, such as mix tanks, lines, pumps, etc., must be decontaminated before carrying out maintenance or used for other service. To decontaminate this equipment, estimate the volume of Kathon 893 MW remaining in the well-drained system. Prepare 10 volumes of decontamination solution per volume of Kathon 893 MW (45%) and circulate the mixture throughout the equipment. Be certain that the Kathon 893 MW and decontamination solution mix well. Wait at least 30 minutes to ensure complete reaction. Drain and rinse with clean water or detergent solution. Decontamination solution runoffs should be drained to a chemical sewer unless prohibited by state or local regulations. Drips, minor spills and exposed wet areas should be cleaned up promptly with the hypochlorite/bicarbonate mixture. Contaminated surfaces should be swabbed with decontamination solution and allowed to stand for 30 minutes before rinsing thoroughly with water. Decontaminated solutions should be drained to a chemical sewer unless prohibited by state or local regulations. Note: Because of the high level of activity of Kathon 893 MW, a relatively small quantity could have a damaging impact on the effectiveness of waste treatment bio-systems. Laboratory or plant spills should be decontaminated with decontamination solution before being released to a biological waste treatment system. Cleanup of Spills Procedures provided in the Safe Handling Section should be followed when cleaning spills of Kathon 893 MW Biocide. 1. Wear impervious rubber gloves, chemical splash goggles, protective clothing and overshoes. 2. Dike and adsorb the spilled material on an inert solid, such as clay or vermiculite or with spill control pillows. 3. Transfer the adsorbent or pillows and surrounding surface soil into a pail or drum. This container should be no more than two-thirds full. 4. Treat the contents of the container with 10 volumes of decontamination solution per estimated volume of spilled Kathon 893 MW. 5. Treat the surrounding spill area with excess decontamination solution. Flush after a minimum of 30 minutes into a chemical sewer. 6. Do not discharge spills and cleaning runoffs into open bodies of water, because of a potential adverse impact on the environment. 7. Carefully remove the contaminated gloves and place them in the container (peel off the gloves by pulling on the outside of the glove sleeve turning them inside out as they are removed). After 48 hours, seal the container and dispose of it by landfilling in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Bulletin CS-561, which is available on request, contains methods for determining the presence of Kathon 893 MW Biocide’s active ingredient in use dilution metalworking fluids by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This bulletin also contains HPLC procedures for determining KATHON 886 MW active ingredients in use-dilution metalworking fluids. Dow maintains Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for all of its products. These sheets contain pertinent information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health or safety hazards associated with our products.We recommend that you obtain and review Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for our products from your distributor or Dow technical representative before using our products in your facility. We also suggest that you contact your supplier of other materials recommended for use with our product for appropriate health and safety precautions before using them. Dow Sales Service and Technical Service departments have over twenty-five years’ experience evaluating Kathon 893 biocides’ performance in a variety of applications. In the area of metalworking fluids we can advise on determining KATHON biocide stability and efficacy in use-dilution as well as concentrate metalworking fluids, and we can make recommendations on how to evaluate the level and type of system contamination you may be experiencing. In addition, Dow personnel can assist you with questions on KATHON biocides’ toxicology, environmental issues, safe storage, handling and use. Finally, Dow has available for your use a videotape on the safe use and handling of the family of KATHON and KORDEK™ biocides for the metalworking industry, including Kathon 893 MW, KATHON 886 MW and KORDEK LX5000 biocides. For further information, contact your local Dow KATHON biocide representative or contact Dow. Kathon 893 MW Biocide 45% solution is available in 5-gallon pails (44 lbs), 30-gallon drums (44 lbs), and cartons (22 lbs) containing two 1-gallon jugs. To obtain samples, technical assistance, a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), or to have a technical representative call for an appointment, contact the nearest Dow office. Kathon 893 MW Biocide is a biocidal product intended for use in accordance with Product Type 13 (Metalworking fluid preservatives) of the Biocidal Products Directive 98/8/ EC (BPD). Dow has a fundamental concern for all who make, distribute, and use its products, and for the environment in which we live. This concern is the basis for our product stewardship philosophy by which we assess the safety, health, and environmental information on our products and then take appropriate steps to protect employee and public health and our environment. The success of our product stewardship program rests with each and every individual involved with Dow products – from the initial concept and research, to manufacture, use, sale, disposal, and recycle of each product.

KATHON 893 MW Biocide Metalworking Fluid Fungicide for Water-Based Cutting Fluids EPA Reg. No.: 707-195 Soluble, synthetic, and semi-synthetic metalworking fluids or coolants provide an excellent environment for the growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria, mold, and yeast. If allowed to grow, these organisms can have detrimental effects on the fluids. For example, bacteria, which can grow very quickly, can destroy the integrity of the fluid by discoloration, destroying lubricity characteristics, and causing emulsions to split. Bacteria can also reduce the pH of the fluid, which can promote corrosion. Some forms of bacteria have objectionable odors. Fungi typically grow more slowly than bacteria, but can form large masses which clog filters and lines and in some cases lead to system shutdown; fungi also generate foul odors and can cause corrosion. The increased use of synthetic fluids over the past few years has led to an even greater need for the enhanced fungal control that KATHON 893 MW Biocide can provide. For Tankside and Concentrate KATHON 893 MW Biocide is a broad-spectrum fungicide that has been recommended and widely used for tankside control of fungi in metalworking central systems. KATHON 893 MW is also an effective fungicide for use in many metalworking fluid concentrates with the appropriate stabilizer package. Due to the wide variations in metalworking fluid formulations, laboratory or small-scale tests are recommended to evaluate KATHON 893 MW in usedilution and concentrate metalworking fluids before they are commercialized. KATHON 893 MW is a highly effective, industrial fungicide that exhibits excellent fungistatic and fungicidal activity against fungi, including yeasts and mold, and Gram-Positive bacteria, and limited activity against Gram-Negative bacteria. Commonly known as octhilinone, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is the active ingredient of KATHON 893 MW. It is supplied as a 45 percent active liquid in propylene glycol. The information in this brochure has been compiled to familiarize the reader with KATHON 893 MW technology, to communicate the tremendous benefits of this product, and to provide directions for safe and efficient use of the product. By following the precautions outlined in this brochure, on the product label, and on the Dow Safety Data Sheet (SDS), KATHON 893 MW can be safely handled. H O C3H8 -n C C N S C H 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 45% minimum Propylene glycol (inert) 50% minimum The following are typical properties of KATHON 893 MW Biocide; they are not to be considered product specifications. Appearance: Yellow to amber liquid Color (VCS): 8 max. Mildly sweet Specific gravity @ 24°C: 1.03 Flash point, °C (Pensky Martens Closed Cup): 93 Viscosity Brookfield @ 20°C, cps: 40 Melting point, °C: -40 Boiling point, °C: 188 Vapor pressure, active ingredient @ 25°C: 3.7 x 10-5 torr Solubility The solubility data provided below were determined at ambient temperatures (20 to 25°C). The solubility and stability of the active ingredient may be affected when the temperature is lowered to 0°C or increased to 60°C. • KATHON 893 MW Biocide is soluble in methanol, ethanol, propylene glycol, acetone, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, butyl Cellosolve, corn oil, and mineral oil. • The solubility of KATHON 893 MW in toluene is 25% w/v. • The solubility of KATHON 893 MW in water at 25°C is 480 ppm (active ingredient), although this may be increased by using suitable surfactants and emulsifiers. • KATHON 893 MW is insoluble in heptane. Compatibility In concentrate and use-dilution metalworking fluids, the compatibility of KATHON 893 MW Biocide is concentration-dependent and varies from formulation to formulation. It is compatible with most metalworking fluid additives, including surfactants and amines. Compatibility with amines may vary by the type, concentration and pH. Strong reducing agents, such as sulfides, mercaptans, bisulfites and metabisulfites, or strong oxidizing agents, such as hypochlorites, may affect the efficacy of KATHON 893 MW. Laboratory or small-scale tests are recommended in order to evaluate KATHON 893 MW compatibility in use-dilution or concentrate metalworking fluids prior to commercialization. KATHON 893 MW is compatible with most other metalworking fluid biocides, including KATHON 886 MW and KATHON CC (methylchlorosiothiazolone), KORDEK LX5000 (methylisothiazolone), ROCIMA BT 2S biocides (benzisothiazolone), triazine and formaldehyde-releasers, IPBC (iodopropynylbutylcarbamate) and sodium Pyrithione. Stability In-Use Stability: KATHON 893 MW Biocide has excellent stability in end use dilutions of metalworking fluids. It is stable over a wide pH range (4-10) in water and in metalworking fluid systems. Concentrate Stability: KATHON 893 MW Biocide stability, in metalworking fluid concentrates, is variable. We recommend checking stability and performance before commercialization of products. Dow has several recommended stabilizers to improve stability and compatibility in many types of concentrates. Storage Stability: In general, the storage stability of the KATHON 893 MW Biocide product is excellent. The shelf life of the product is nominally twelve years at 25°C. It is Physical Properties PS strongly recommended, however, that both the stability and compatibility of KATHON 893 MW Biocide in metalworking fluid formulations or systems be thoroughly examined before commercialization. Table 1 The many advantages of protecting your metalworking fluids with KATHON 893 MW Biocide fungicide include: Features Benefits Highly effective microbicide Extends metalworking fluid life, reduces downtime, reduces makeup fluid use and reduces fluid disposal costs Broad spectrum activity Kills fungi and prevents the return of slime caused by fungal microorganisms, eliminates clogged lines and filters and musty odors caused by fungi Patented combinations of KATHON 886 MW or KORDEK LX5000 biocides with KATHON 893 MW Biocide Synergistic combinations that enhance the already wide spectrum of bioactivity. Enhanced activity present even if KATHON 893 MW is added in the concentrate and KATHON 886 MW added tankside Good temperature and pH stability Works well in a variety of metalworking conditions up to 60°C (140°F) and pH 10 Highly soluble in water and does not foam Easy to dose Provides long lasting fungal control Cost effective versus competitive tankside treatments Fast acting Quickly controls growth and activity of odor-causing fungi Effective at low use rates and biodegradable Better for the environment Does not contain, release or generate formaldehyde Not subject to concern about formaldehyde, a known carcinogen Method of Addition KATHON 893 MW Biocide should be directly dispensed into metalworking fluid concentrates or use-dilution metalworking fluids using a metering pump or other point-of-use device where possible and uniformLy dispersed throughout the fluid. Fluid Concentrate KATHON 893 MW Biocide should be added to metalworking fluid concentrates at a level that ensures the final use-dilution fluid will contain 55 to 167 ppm of product (25 to 75 ppm active ingredient). KATHON 893 MW stability in a given concentrate should be determined prior to commercialization. Contact your local Dow representative for assistance in selecting one of several recommended stabilizers to enhance the performance and compatibility of KATHON 893 MW in your metalworking fluid concentrate. Use-Dilution Fluid We highly recommend grossly contaminated systems be cleaned before treatment is begun. Initial Dose: For a noticeably fouled system, add 0.47 to 1.44 lbs (7 to 21 fl oz) of KATHON 893 MW Biocide per 1,000 gallons of fluid. This will provide 25 to 75 ppm active ingredient. Repeat until control is achieved. Subsequent Dose: For maintenance of a non-fouled system, add 0.09 to 0.58 lbs (1.3 to 8.6 fl oz) of KATHON 893 MW Biocide per 1,000 gallons of fluid every four weeks. This will provide 5 to 30 ppm active ingredient. A higher dose range and/or increased frequency of treatment may be required, depending upon the rate of dilution of the preservative with the makeup fluid, the nature and severity of contamination, level of control required, filtration effectiveness, system design, etc. Key Features & Benefits Applications/ Directions for Use General Practices When Using KATHON Biocides • Know the size of your system and dose at the recommended use levels. • To improve performance and longevity, add KATHON 893 MW Biocide on the clean side of the filters. It may be necessary to occasionally add KATHON 893 MW to the dirty side of the filters if large populations of microorganisms are detected there. • Minimize contamination: – Eliminate or minimize dead spots – Disconnect unused portions of the system – Do not throw trash in sumps • Always remember to triple rinse (or equivalent) empty containers to avoid incidental contact. • Post placard with safety information and deactivation protocol near biocide handling area. Additional guidelines for maximizing the performance of KATHON 893 MW Biocide are as follows: • KATHON 893 MW stability and performance is improved with lower pH. Whenever possible, maintain the pH of system below pH 9.2. Lower pH also makes amines and amine-containing compounds less aggressive. • For systems with pH greater than 9.5, we strongly recommend determination of biological efficacy and chemical stability prior to use. • Avoid adding highly basic additives (alkaline materials with pH of 10-12) immediately prior to or after adding KATHON 893 MW to your system. If a highly basic additive must be added, allow sufficient time (at least 30 minutes) between additions. Minimize levels of diethanolamine (DEA) in your system. If possible use 99% triethanolamine (TEA) or monoethanolamine (MEA) instead of DEA, and use these at as low a level as possible. • Always add KATHON 893 MW directly to the metalworking fluid sump. Never use KATHON 893 MW in a spray bottle. • Avoid charging KATHON 893 MW in high temperature zones, since increasing temperatures accelerate other degradation effects. Ideally, add KATHON 893 MW to the fluid below 60°C (140°F). • Avoid adding KATHON 893 MW and incompatible corrosion inhibitors directly to the tank at the same time. How Does KATHON 893 MW Biocide Work? KATHON 893 MW Biocide utilizes a two-step mechanism involving rapid growth inhibition leading to a loss of cell viability. Growth inhibition is the result of rapid disruption of the central metabolic pathways of the cell by inhibition of several specific enzymes, including dehydrogenases. The critical enzymes which are affected are associated with the Krebs cycle, nutrient metabolism and energy generation. The key physiological activities that are rapidly inhibited in microbial cells are respiration (oxygen consumption), energy generation (ATP synthesis), and growth (assimilation). Many of these key enzymes are present in both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, which explains why KATHON 893 MW is such a broad spectrum biocide. Inhibition of cellular activity and growth is rapid (within minutes), whereas cell death (cidal activity) is observed after several hours’ contact. In general, the higher the concentration of biocide, the shorter the contact time required for more complete kill. Cell death results from the progressive loss of protein thiols in the cell from one of multiple pathways. As cell metabolism is disrupted, free radicals are produced which also results in cell death. This unique mechanism results in the broad spectrum of activity of KATHON 893 MW Biocide, low use levels for microbial control, and difficulty in attaining resistance by mutation. See technical bulletin (CS-632) for more detailed information. How Rapidly Does KATHON 893 MW Biocide Work? Within minutes after addition of KATHON 893 MW Biocide to a metalworking fluid sump, the metabolic activity of the microorganisms in the system shuts down. This includes cellular respiration (oxygen uptake), growth, energy generation, and nutrient uptake. The microorganisms, although still alive, are no longer able to reproduce or metabolize metalworking fluid components. After 24 to 48 hours of contact with a lethal dose of the biocide, most of the microorganisms have been killed. How Long Does KATHON 893 MW Biocide Last? KATHON 893 MW Biocide has excellent in-use stability and generally retains its antimicrobial efficacy in metalworking fluid systems for 2 to 4 weeks. Variables such as degree of fluid contamination, effectiveness of the filtration system, system turnover time, compatibility between the microbicide and the metalworking fluid components, and other system additives involved, can affect the life of the microbicide in a system. Is KATHON 893 MW Biocide Effective in Reducing Fungal Biofilms? YES. KATHON 893 MW Biocide has been shown to reduce microbial fouling and prevent biofilm development in metalworking fluid systems. The benefits of reduced fungal biofouling include improved system performance, reduced filter plugging, reduced biocorrosion, and improved microbial control. Is KATHON 893 MW Biocide Effective When Used in Concentrates? YES. KATHON 893 MW Biocide may be used in certain fluid concentrates to provide efficacy in the final use dilutions. Although KATHON 893 MW stability may not be suitable for all concentrates, we have had success with the biocide alone or in combination with one of our recommended stabilizers. How Can I Improve KATHON 893 MW Biocide Stability in Concentrates? We recommend testing KATHON 893 MW Biocide in concentrates prior to commercialization. Dow technical staff can assist you in formulating products. We have years of experience and a range of recommended stabilizers to prolong the lifetime and improve compatibility of KATHON 893 MW in concentrates. Contact your sales representative for assistance. Anti-Microbial Properties of KATHON 893 MW Biocide Initial determinations of the efficacy of any biocidal product are made via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. The MIC test yields valuable information about the product’s inherent antimicrobial efficacy and spectrum of activity. The MIC for any product is the lowest level at which the active ingredient inhibits the growth of various microorganisms. This method is a useful tool for screening antimicrobial agents Efficacy Data Page under standardized laboratory conditions, in nutrient-rich growth conditions. In interpreting the data, remember that low values correspond to high activity. Table 2 indicates that KATHON 893 MW Biocide possesses outstanding antimicrobial activity against a broad range of fungi (both yeasts and molds). KATHON 893 MW has very low MIC values for most of the fungi tested and there is no gap in the spectrum of activity among the organisms tested. Table 2 Fungistatic Activity of KATHON 893 MW Biocide Organism ATCC Number (Strain) MIC* in PPM Active Ingredient Alternaria dianthicola 11782 1 Aspergillus niger 9642 8 Aspergillus oryzae 10196 2 Aspergillus repens 9294 2 Aureobasidium pullulans 9348 0.3 Candida albicans (yeast) 11651 2 Chaetomium globosum 6205 4 Cladosporium resinae 11274 0.5 Lenzites lepideus 12653 2 Lenzites trabea 11539 2 Penicillium funiculosum 9644 1 Phoma glomerata 6735 120°F for extended periods of time can result in degradation of the active ingredient. Store away from direct sunlight. Decontamination and Spill Procedures Decontamination Solutions KATHON 893 MW Biocide can be decontaminated with a 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) containing 2-5% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ). Solutions should be freshly prepared. Employees preparing or handling decontamination solutions should wear chemical splash goggles, an impervious apron or rain suit, and impervious rubber gloves. Note: Do not use decontamination solution to treat skin, eyes or clothing which have come in contact with KATHON 893 MW. Decontamination of Equipment Equipment used in the handling of KATHON 893 MW Biocide, such as mix tanks, lines, pumps, etc., must be decontaminated before carrying out maintenance or used for other service. To decontaminate this equipment, estimate the volume of KATHON 893 MW remaining in the well-drained system. Prepare 10 volumes of decontamination solution per volume of KATHON 893 MW (45%) and circulate the mixture throughout the equipment. Be certain that the KATHON 893 MW and decontamination solution mix well. Wait at least 30 minutes to ensure complete reaction. Drain and rinse with clean water or detergent solution. Decontamination solution runoffs should be drained to a chemical sewer unless prohibited by state or local regulations. Drips, minor spills and exposed wet areas should be cleaned up promptly with the hypochlorite/bicarbonate mixture. Contaminated surfaces should be swabbed with decontamination solution and allowed to stand for 30 minutes before rinsing thoroughly with water. Decontaminated solutions should be drained to a chemical sewer unless prohibited by state or local regulations. Note: Because of the high level of activity of KATHON 893 MW, a relatively small quantity could have a damaging impact on the effectiveness of waste treatment bio-systems. Laboratory or plant spills should be decontaminated with decontamination solution before being released to a biological waste treatment system. Cleanup of Spills Procedures provided in the Safe Handling Section should be followed when cleaning spills of KATHON 893 MW Biocide. 1. Wear impervious rubber gloves, chemical splash goggles, protective clothing and overshoes. 2. Dike and adsorb the spilled material on an inert solid, such as clay or vermiculite or with spill control pillows. 3. Transfer the adsorbent or pillows and surrounding surface soil into a pail or drum. This container should be no more than two-thirds full. 4. Treat the contents of the container with 10 volumes of decontamination solution per estimated volume of spilled KATHON 893 MW. 5. Treat the surrounding spill area with excess decontamination solution. Flush after a minimum of 30 minutes into a chemical sewer. 6. Do not discharge spills and cleaning runoffs into open bodies of water, because of a potential adverse impact on the environment. 7. Carefully remove the contaminated gloves and place them in the container (peel off the gloves by pulling on the outside of the glove sleeve turning them inside out as they are removed). After 48 hours, seal the container and dispose of it by landfilling in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Safety Data Sheets Dow Technical Support Shipping Information Biocidal Product Directive Compliance Product Stewardship Bulletin CS-561, which is available on request, contains methods for determining the presence of KATHON 893 MW Biocide’s active ingredient in use dilution metalworking fluids by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This bulletin also contains HPLC procedures for determining KATHON 886 MW active ingredients in use-dilution metalworking fluids. Dow maintains Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for all of its products. These sheets contain pertinent information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health or safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend that you obtain and review Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for our products from your distributor or Dow technical representative before using our products in your facility. We also suggest that you contact your supplier of other materials recommended for use with our product for appropriate health and safety precautions before using them. Dow Sales Service and Technical Service departments have over twenty-five years’ experience evaluating KATHON biocides’ performance in a variety of applications. In the area of metalworking fluids we can advise on determining KATHON biocide stability and efficacy in use-dilution as well as concentrate metalworking fluids, and we can make recommendations on how to evaluate the level and type of system contamination you may be experiencing. In addition, Dow personnel can assist you with questions on KATHON biocides’ toxicology, environmental issues, safe storage, handling and use. Finally, Dow has available for your use a videotape on the safe use and handling of the family of KATHON and KORDEK biocides for the metalworking industry, including KATHON 893 MW, KATHON 886 MW and KORDEK LX5000 biocides. For further information, contact your local Dow KATHON biocide representative or contact Dow. KATHON 893 MW Biocide 45% solution is available in 5-gallon pails (44 lbs), 30-gallon drums (44 lbs), and cartons (22 lbs) containing two 1-gallon jugs. To obtain samples, technical assistance, a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), or to have a technical representative call for an appointment, contact the nearest Dow office. KATHON 893 MW Biocide is a biocidal product intended for use in accordance with Product Type 13 (Metalworking fluid preservatives) of the Biocidal Products Directive 98/8/ EC (BPD). Dow has a fundamental concern for all who make, distribute, and use its products, and for the environment in which we live. This concern is the basis for our product stewardship philosophy by which we assess the safety, health, and environmental information on our products and then take appropriate steps to protect employee and public health and our environment. The success of our product stewardship program rests with each and every individual involved with Dow products – from the initial concept and research, to manufacture, use, sale, disposal, and recycle of each product.

Keratin is a group of proteins that form 10 nm intermediate filaments in all epithelial cells covering the inner and outer surfaces of the body, are insoluble in water and play an important role in hair, nail or skin care.
Keratin is a member of the scleroprotein family of fibrous structural proteins.


CAS 68238-35-7


Keratin oil frequently helps to shield epithelial cells from harm and stress.
In both water and organic solvents, keratin is highly insoluble.
Keratin monomers package into intermediate filaments that are durable and form heavy unmineralized epidermal appendages in birds, reptiles, mammals and amphibians.


Keratin is a member of the scleroprotein family of fibrous structural proteins.
In vertebrates, keratin is a form of keratin.
Scales, horns, fur, feathers, nails, paws, calluses, hooves, and the external layer of the skin are all made of Keratin.


Keratin is a type of protein found in our teeth, nails and hair, making your hair look smooth, vibrant and full.
The flexible structure of our hair is protected thanks to keratin.
Put an end to the tangle after the shower and the frizz that occurs during the day.


Keratin is used in more than 7,000 hair salons in Turkey and is the keratin care product with the highest satisfaction rate.
Keratin is a type of fibrous, acidic or basic protein found in epithelial cells covering the inner and outer surfaces of the body and in tissues such as hair and nails.


Keratin, which has 54 types in the body, helps support the skin, heal wounds, and keep nails and hair healthy.
In addition to being produced naturally in the body, you can also meet the body's keratin needs by using keratin care products or consuming keratin-rich foods.


Keratin is a group of proteins that form 10 nm intermediate filaments in all epithelial cells covering the inner and outer surfaces of the body, are insoluble in water and play an important role in hair, nail or skin care.
Keratin, the general name for a group of proteins naturally produced in the body, helps support the skin, heal wounds, and keep your nails and hair healthier and stronger.


There are 54 types of keratin in the body, 28 of which are type 1 and 26 are type 2.
Keratin, which is found in hair, nails and the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin, can also be found in glands and organs in the body.
Keratin (/ˈkɛrətɪn/) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.


Alpha-keratin (α-keratin) is a type of keratin found in vertebrates.
Keratin is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin among vertebrates.
Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress.


Keratin is extremely insoluble in water and organic solvents.
Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals.


Excessive keratinization participate in fortification of certain tissues such as in horns of cattle and rhinos, and armadillos' osteoderm.
The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin.
Keratin comes in two types, the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and harder, derived forms found only among sauropsids (reptiles and birds).


Spider silk is classified as keratin, although production of the protein may have evolved independently of the process in vertebrates.
Keratin is the main component of skin and nails, as well as hair.
There is keratin protein in both the outer structure of the hair, called the cortex, and its inner structure.


Keratin is the main ingredient of hair strands.
Keratin in the hair is depleted due to external factors such as sun, pollution or chemicals, or changes in your lifestyle.
This loss results in dry, damaged and dull hair.


That's why it is necessary to get keratin support from outside.
Hair strands damaged by dye, blow dryer or straightener lose keratin and the hair acquires a bad and damaged appearance.



USES and APPLICATIONS of KERATIN:
Keratin uses the endoplasm of fish scales as raw material, and extracts the keratin essence in the fish scales by biotechnology.
Keratin has strong anti-stretching properties and acts as a cross-linking function in the protein peptide chain.
Keratin has high mechanical strength.


Keratin can be well absorbed by the skin.
The use of keratin keeps the skin elastic, soft and moisturised, prevents dry skin, reduces wrinkles and delays aging.
Keratin is suitable for skin care lotions, skin creams, firming creams, sunscreens and masks in cosmetics.


Keratin is the type of protein that makes up your hair, skin, and nails. Keratin can also be found in your internal organs and glands.
Keratin is a protective protein, less prone to scratching or tearing than other types of cells your body produces.
Keratin can be derived from the feathers, horns, and wool of different animals and used as an ingredient in hair cosmetics.


Since keratin is the structural building block of your hair, some people believe that keratin supplements, products, and treatments can help strengthen your hair and make it look healthier.
It is a hair care product we developed to help increase the flexibility of hair strands and make hair softer, smoother and more well-groomed, thanks to keratin and natural oils.


In addition to preserving the shape and volume of the hair by providing Keratin support to the hair, it aims to help the hair be easily combed and prevent frizz with the moisturizing support of Shea, Coconut, Argan and Avocado oils.
Keratin aims to support the care of hair loss and breakage with its Aloe Vera, Pine Turpentine and Sweet Almond oil content.


Keratin adds vitality to the hair, gives it strength and makes it look brighter.
Keratin, a powerful protein group, has a significant effect on hair when found naturally in the body.
Keratin, which is a beneficial protein when used as a supplement or taken through food, adds vitality to the hair, gives it strength and makes it look brighter.


Keratin, which is naturally present in the body and plays a role in improving hair, nail and skin health, is also often enriched with keratin in cosmetic treatments.
Keratin is also found naturally in some foods and can be taken as a supplement to meet the body's keratin needs.


Keratin prevents hair from frizzing and strengthens the hair shaft.
Keratin, a compound rich in both protein and sulfur, prevents hair from frizzing and supports healthy hair growth by strengthening the hair shaft.
Keratin prevents skin damage and helps keep skin fresh.


Keratin, in addition to its benefits for hair, is also an important protein for skin health.
Keratin, which naturally helps the skin stay fresher, prevents skin damage when used as a supplement and creates a healthier skin structure.
Keratin prevents nail breakage and makes nails look stronger.


Keratin, which is found in hair, the outer layer of the skin, glands and some organs, is also found in nails.
Nail breakage on headKeratin, which has the ability to make nails look stronger, especially against nail breakage, has a role in supporting nail
Keratin soothes and straightens wavy, curly and frizzy hair, including dyed hair.


Keratin is applied to the hair on the same day, making it washable and styleable.
Keratin does not require any extra chemicals or equipment during application.
With its effect lasting up to 4 months, hair becomes softer, brighter and healthier.


Keratin is applied to the hair to restore the hair strands to their former healthy appearance.
Thus, the hair looks brighter, softer and more well-groomed.


-Cosmetic Use:
*Creams for skins that aren't well-protected
*Treatments for nutrition and restructuring.
*Treatments for eyelashes with make-up.
*Shampoos and conditioners for hair that is prone to breakage.
*Hair items that are ideal for your hair.



APPLICATION OF KERATIN:
Keratin is for use by adults over 16 years of age and before application, test it on a small area of ​​your skin to avoid allergic reactions.
Take a sufficient amount from the bottle marked STEP 1 on damp hair and apply by massaging from the roots to the ends.
Rinse your hair with plenty of water and repeat the process.

Dry your hair and make sure it is not damp.
Shake the bottle labeled STEP 2 before use and divide your hair into 4 equal sections before application.
Apply Keratin to every section of hair you have separated, starting from 2 centimeters from the hair roots to the ends of the hair.

Comb your hair and make sure it is distributed evenly.
15 minutes for frizzy hair,
25 minutes for curly and wavy hair,

For very curly hair, leave it on for 40 minutes.
Dry your hair by combing it with the help of a blow dryer and a straightening brush so that it does not remain damp.
Straighten your hair from root to tip with the help of hair straightening tongs.

Rinse your hair with water for 5 minutes.
Take a small amount from the bottle labeled STEP 3, apply it to your hair and distribute it evenly with the help of a comb.
Leave it on for 10 minutes for thin hair, 15 minutes for normal hair, 20 minutes for thick hair for it to take effect.

Rinse with plenty of water for 8 minutes.
Dry your hair and style it as you wish.
Do not repeat the procedure for 10-14 days.
Do not apply for 10 days before or after hair dyeing.



BENEFITS AND RESULTS OF KERATIN:
People who use keratin on their hair report that their hair is smoother and easier to manage as a result.
The effects vary greatly depending on whether your hair is healthy to begin with, what the natural thickness of your hair is, and what kind of keratin treatment you use.
Keratin works by smoothing down the cells that overlap to form your hair strands.
The layers of cells, called the hair cuticle, theoretically absorb the keratin, resulting in hair that looks full and glossy.
Keratin also claims to make curly hair less frizzy, easier to style, and straighter in appearance.



THINGS YOU SHOULD PAY ATTENTION TO AFTER KERATIN CARE:
You should avoid washing your hair for a few days.
Since chlorinated or salty water will reduce the effect of keratin, you can take a break from activities such as pool or sea for a while.
You should prevent your scalp from sweating for 3 days immediately following the keratin treatment.
You should also make sure that the care products you use contain natural ingredients.
You can wait 1-2 weeks to continue your hair care routine and use hair masks.



DOES KERATIN TREATMENT STRAIGHTEN HAIR?
Keratin treatment does not completely straighten the hair.
Keratin treatment, which is often confused with a Brazilian blow dry, does not change your natural hair structure by preventing the hair from becoming more easily shaped and frizzy.
Brazilian blow dry is a process that is made with keratin but with a different technique and allows the hair to remain straight for up to 6 months.



HOW MANY DAYS SHOULD KERATIN CARE NOT BE WASHED?
After the keratin treatment, it is recommended not to wash your hair for a while so that the keratin loaded into your hair is accepted by all your hair strands.
Generally, this period is known as 2-3 days.
If your hair gets wet during this period, it is also recommended to dry Keratin and go over it with a straightener.



HAIT KERATIN:
Hair keratin is a protein that can be found in your skin, hair, and nails. Keratin is also present in the organs and glands of the body.
Keratin is a defensive protein that is less likely to be scratched or torn than other forms of cells produced by your body.



KERATIN POWDER
Keratin therapy users say that their hair is cleaner and easier to handle as a result of using it.
The results differ significantly based on whether your hair is safe, to begin with, how thick your hair is natural, and the keratin therapy you use.
Keratin functions by smoothing out the overlapping cells that make up your hair strands.
The hair cuticle, which is made up of layers of cells, absorbs the keratin, giving hair a full and shiny appearance.
Keratin is often said to make curly hair less frizzy, easy to style, and look straighter.



KERATIN TREATMENT
Keratin treatment is a hairstyling process that requires straightening and flattening of hair to offer it a smooth, straight, streamlined, and elegant look.
It has been used since the 1890s. During the 1950s, smoothing keratin was very common among black males and females of almost all races.



BIO KERATIN:
Peptides derived from hydrolyzed keratin with a high homology and bio-affinity for the keratin found in the hair, skin, and nails.
Heavy amount of hydrophobic amino acids, that improves moisture retention capability.



HOW TO USE KERATIN?
You can use Keratin whenever you need by spraying it on your hair from a distance of 15-20 cm.
Keratin is suitable for all hair types.
You can use Keratin before or after a shower.



WHAT IS KERATIN CARE?
In fact, the body naturally produces keratin for hair and nails.
The reason why your hair is shiny and your nails are vibrant depends on this keratin.
Keratin is loaded by professionals on hair that is damaged, has lost its vitality and has become dull due to various reasons.
This process, which makes the hair look more vibrant and healthy, is called keratin care.



WHAT DOES KERATIN CARE DO?
Thanks to keratin care, the hair looks more vibrant and shiny.
Problems such as frizz and frizz disappear for a few months.



KERATIN CARE BENEFITS
Of course, keratin treatment not only makes the hair shine, but also contains many benefits for the hair.
Moving on to what these benefits are;

*Smooth and shiny hair:
Keratin, which cares for the hair strands one by one, prevents the hair from becoming frizzy and frizzy, making it brighter.
Keratin also prevents the appearance of split hair ends.

*Long-term results:
If you take care of your hair care, Keratin will last up to 3-4 months.
During this period, your hair will be more vibrant and easier to shape.

*Healthy hair growth:
Thanks to keratin, which is a substance that the hair needs, the revitalized hair grows in a healthier way.
Strengthening the hair strands prevents breakage and ensures that the hair is well-groomed.



WHAT IS KERATIN CARE, HOW IS KERATIN HAIR CARE DONE?
-3 - Hair Care Beauty
How to do keratin care?
Keratin care, which is generally recommended to be done professionally, has recently become one of the treatments that most women do themselves at home.

Keratin care begins with washing your hair with a special shampoo.
This shampoo provides deep cleansing of the hair.
Keratin is then applied to the hair.

The hair is divided into several equal parts to penetrate each strand of hair.
Keratin is applied to the hair with a brush and spreads by combing to the ends of the hair.
After application, keratin is left on the hair for 20-30 minutes.

For fixation, the hair is dried with a blow dryer and the hair is blow dried.
*At this point, if you are doing it yourself at home, you should definitely use a hygienic mask.
The smoke and odor that emerges when keratin comes into contact with heat can burn your throat.

You should also be very careful when blow-drying your hair roots.
You can burn your scalp with a hot blow dryer to dry the keratin, which takes a while to dry.
This causes dandruff-like dead skin to appear over time.



FUNCTIONS OF KERATIN:
*effective safety from environmental threats
*Enhances and restores the micro-relief of the skin.
*Excellent hair conditioner and protectant.
*Strengthens the hair scales' cohesion.



WHAT IS KERATIN USED FOR?
Keratin helps form the epidermis, which is the outer layer of hair, nails and skin, strengthens the nail structure and increases its durability, and ensures that the hair has a shiny and healthy appearance.
Keratin also maintains the skin's elasticity and firmness.



THE BENEFITS OF KERATIN CAN BE LISTED AS FOLLOWS:
Keratin adds vitality to the hair, gives it strength and makes it look brighter.
Keratin prevents hair from frizzing and strengthens the hair shaft
Keratin prevents skin damage and helps keep skin fresh
Keratin prevents nail breakage and makes nails look stronger



WHAT IS KERATIN CARE?
Keratin care is a process applied to help straighten, smooth and revitalize hair, especially hair that is curly or damaged as a result of external factors.
Keratin is a protein produced naturally by the body, but it can also be obtained through supplements or foods.
In addition, keratin care is good for skin and nail health as well as hair.

What are the Keratin Types?
Keratin, which has 54 types in the body, is divided into two types. These are divided into type 1 and type 2.

Type 1:
28 of the 54 types of keratin in the human body are type I. 17 of these are skin cell (epithelial) keratins and 11 are hair keratins.
Most type I keratins (cytokeratins) consist of acidic and low-weight proteins.
Keratinv has many functions, including skin and hair health, including helping protect cells from internal forces in the body (mechanical stress).

Type 2:
The other 26 types of keratin in the human body are type II.
20 of these are skin cell keratins and 6 are hair keratins.
They consist of basic-neutral, high-weight proteins.
Their basic-neutral pH helps balance type I keratins and manage cell activity.



IN WHICH FOODS IS KERATIN FOUND?
Keratin, which is naturally found in the body, is also included in some foods, and it is possible to meet the body's keratin needs by consuming these foods.

Here are some foods containing keratin:
*Egg
*Carrot
*Mango
*Sweet potato
*Salmon



EXAMPLES OF OCCURRENCE OF KERATIN:
Alpha-keratins (α-keratins) are found in all vertebrates.
They form the hair (including wool), the outer layer of skin, horns, nails, claws and hooves of mammals, and the slime threads of hagfish.
The baleen plates of filter-feeding whales are also made of keratin.

Keratin filaments are abundant in keratinocytes in the hornified layer of the epidermis; these are proteins which have undergone keratinization.
They are also present in epithelial cells in general.
For example, mouse thymic epithelial cells react with antibodies for keratin 5, keratin 8, and keratin 14.

These antibodies are used as fluorescent markers to distinguish subsets of mouse thymic epithelial cells in genetic studies of the thymus.
The harder beta-keratins (β-keratins) are found only in the sauropsids, that is all living reptiles and birds.
They are found in the nails, scales, and claws of reptiles, in some reptile shells (testudines, such as tortoise, turtle, terrapin), and in the feathers, beaks, and claws of birds.

These keratins are formed primarily in beta sheets. However, beta sheets are also found in α-keratins.
Recent scholarship has shown that sauropsid β-keratins are fundamentally different from α-keratins at a genetic and structural level.
The new term corneous beta protein (CBP) has been proposed to avoid confusion with α-keratins.

Keratins (also described as cytokeratins) are polymers of type I and type II intermediate filaments that have been found only in chordates (vertebrates, amphioxus, urochordates).
Nematodes and many other non-chordate animals seem to have only type VI intermediate filaments, fibers that structure the nucleus.



GENES OF KERATIN:
The human genome encodes 54 functional keratin genes, located in two clusters on chromosomes 12 and 17.
This suggests that they originated from a series of gene duplications on these chromosomes.

The keratins include the following proteins of which KRT23, KRT24, KRT25, KRT26, KRT27, KRT28, KRT31, KRT32, KRT33A, KRT33B, KRT34, KRT35, KRT36, KRT37, KRT38, KRT39, KRT40, KRT71, KRT72, KRT73, KRT74, KRT75, KRT76, KRT77, KRT78, KRT79, KRT8, KRT80, KRT81, KRT82, KRT83, KRT84, KRT85 and KRT86 have been used to describe keratins past 20



WHAT SHOULD WE DO AFTER KERATIN CARE?
First of all, we should leave our hair keratinized for a few days and not wash it immediately.
In this way, keratin will penetrate into our hair thoroughly.
In the days after the care, Keratin is important for our scalp to breathe and not sweat.

That's why we should be careful not to let our scalp sweat.
As always, we should not use shampoos and hair care products that contain harmful chemicals.
After having a keratin treatment, we should avoid contact of our hair with salty or chlorinated water for a while.

For this reason, we can choose to do keratin care after the sea and pool season.
We should stop our classical daily or weekly hair care routines for a while.



ARE KERATIN TREATMENT AND BRAZILIAN BLOW DRY THE SAME THING?
One of the topics we often hear and wonder about is whether the two are the same thing.
While Brazilian blow dry is a method used by people who want to wear their hair straight for a while, keratin treatment is a treatment we use to make our hair look healthier and more well-groomed.

However, since the main ingredient used for Brazilian blow dry is mostly keratin, keratin care and Brazilian blow dry can be confused.
The distinction here is the application method of keratin treatment and Brazilian blow dry.
In this way, keratin care provides a deep care to the hair, while Brazilian blow dry creates a straightening effect for up to 6 months.



KERATIN CARE AT HOME?
If this is the question on your mind, the answer is right below.
Keratin care for your hair at home, step by step in this article.

Anti-hair loss shampoos , creams that provide easy combing, serums that nourish the roots, strengthening masks and much more...
All of these constitute the preferred products to obtain well-groomed hair and protect them sustainably.
If you want to take good care of your hair and ensure that they are healthy without going to the hairdresser, this article is for you.
By reading the rest of this article, where we talk about keratin care at home,you can learn what keratin is and how it benefits your hair.



WHAT ARE KERATINS BENEFITS FOR HAIR?
Keratin is actually an acid found naturally in humans and other vertebrates.
One of the functions of this acid is to provide energy support by reducing fat in muscle cells.
The benefits of keratin, which plays an important role in the structure of hair, skin, nails and other body tissues, for hair are listed below.

Elasticity:
Keratin provides elasticity to the hair strands.
In this way, the hair becomes more flexible, more resistant to external influences and can be shaped easily.

Strengthening:
Keratin strengthens hair strands and prevents breakage, wear and breakage.
Keratinprovides a stronger structure to the hair and supports the hair strands to be more durable.

Maintaining Moisture Balance:
Keratin helps hair strands maintain their natural moisture balance.
This ensures that the hair remains moisturized and protected from drying out.
Keratin can also reduce dry hair problems by helping the hair retain moisture better.

Resistance to Breakage:
Keratin protects the hair strands against external factors.
Keratin protects the hair exposed to factors such as sunlight, heat styling tools and chemical processes, preventing them from breaking and getting damaged.

Repair:
Keratin helps regenerate and repair hair strands.
Keratin repairs damage to hair, promotes healthy hair growth and can reduce hair loss.
After all this general information, we can move on to our main topic, keratin care at home.
If you are ready, we start.



KERATIN CARE STAGES:
Before you attempt this job , it is natural for you to have questions about how to do keratin care at home .
We aim to answer this question with this article.
By continuing reading, you can get an idea about doing keratin care at home .


*First Stage: Cleaning
Before starting keratin care, you need to clean your hair well.
Wash and rinse your hair with a suitable shampoo before keratin treatment.
Removing product residues and oil accumulated in your hair will increase the effect of keratin care.
It's up to us to say.


*Second stage: Dehumidification
Gently dry your hair with a towel; but do not use a hair dryer to dry it completely.
A slightly damp hair is more suitable for the keratin treatment.
Those who do keratin care at home know how important this process is.


*It's Time for Application
To perform keratin treatment with ingredients at home, choose one of the products you have purchased before.
At this stage, a keratin mask or keratin hair serum is generally preferred.
Apply the product to your hair according to the instructions and ensure that the keratin is thoroughly distributed throughout your hair.
Finally, leave the keratin product on your hair for the specified time.


*Optional: Straightening
Keratin treatment is usually completed with a straightening process.
You can use heat styling tools like a hair straightener or curling iron to straighten your hair.
To ensure full absorption of the keratin product, divide your hair into thin sections and smooth each section.
Be careful not to damage your hair by doing the process carefully.
If you do not intend to flatten it, you can skip this part.


*Wait
After completing your keratin treatment, you may need to let your hair rest for a certain period of time.
This time is necessary for the keratin product to penetrate the hair better.
A period of 24 to 72 hours is generally recommended for leaving the keratin product in the hair.
Just know that you should not wash your hair during this period.


*Rinsing and Styling
You can rinse your hair after the waiting time specified in the previous step is completed.
Style your hair after the first rinse.
After keratin treatment, your hair will be smoother and straighter.

What are you waiting for to style your hair with methods such as curling iron or blow dryer to give the desired shape?
Now that we have answered the question of how to do natural keratin care at home , it is time to take a look at the foods containing keratin.
Below you can find detailed information about which foods contain keratin .



WHICH FOODS CONTAIN KERATIN?
The important point here is to note that keratin is not found directly in foods because it is a protein naturally produced in the body.
However, it is very important to consume foods that contain the nutrients the body needs for healthy keratin production.
Here are the important nutritional sources for keratin production:

*Protein Sources:
Proteins, which are the main components of keratin; It is found in animal and plant sources such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs, dairy products and legumes.
These foods provide the basic building blocks for the body's keratin production.

*Biotin:
Biotin is an important nutrient for hair, skin and nail health.
It is found in foods such as eggs, avocados, almonds, walnuts, mushrooms, milk, yoghurt and fish.
Biotin deficiency can cause hair weakening and breakage.

*Zinc:
Zinc is important for maintaining healthy hair and hair follicles.
Eggs , red meat, seafood, pumpkin seeds, beans, almonds and nuts are sources of zinc.

*Iron:
Iron deficiency can cause hair loss.
Consuming iron-rich foods such as spinach, red meat, turkey, beans, lentils, tofu, grains and dried fruits is beneficial for hair health.

*Vitamin A:
Vitamin A is important for scalp health and sebum production.
It is found in foods such as carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, kale, apricots, mangoes and salmon.

*Vitamin E:
Vitamin E preserves the moisture of the hair and is beneficial for scalp health.
It is found in foods such as almonds, hazelnuts, peanuts, sunflower oil, olive oil and avocado.

Including various protein sources and other nutrients necessary for keratin production in the diet can support hair health.
However, for healthy hair, Keratin is extremely important to pay attention not only to nutrition but also to general lifestyle.
A healthy lifestyle includes factors such as regular sleep, adequate water consumption and stress management.



HOW OFTEN SHOULD KERATIN TREATMENT BE DONE?
So, how often should keratin care be done ?
Here is the answer!

*Keratin care frequency;
Keratin may vary depending on hair type, hair condition and properties of the product used.
The effect of keratin treatment usually decreases over time and the hair returns to its previous state.
Therefore, it is important to repeat keratin care regularly.
Here are the recommended frequencies for keratin care:

*Professional Keratin Care:
Professional keratin care is generally recommended for a period of 2 to 4 months.
This time may vary depending on the hair growth rate, the quality of the keratin product and personal preferences.
Some people may experience effective results for longer periods of time, while others may prefer to repeat it more frequently.

*Keratin Care at Home:
The effect of keratin care products used at home may last shorter than professional applications.
It is important to act in accordance with the instructions for use of home keratin care products.
Keratin treatment at home can be repeated every 2 to 3 weeks.


The important thing here is to observe the condition of your hair and act according to your hair's needs to decide how often you should do keratin care.
Experts recommend that you should care for your hair regularly to keep it healthier and smoother.
Additionally, using shampoo, conditioner and other hair care products suitable for your hair type will also support your hair health.



KERATIN CARE BENEFITS
Now we come to the benefits of keratin care .
You can see what keratin contributes to your hair in the following items.

Keratin provides strength and durability to hair strands.
Keratin supports the hair to be more resistant to breakage, wear and breakage.

Keratin treatment ensures that the hair stays straight for longer when straightened.
Wavy or frizzy hair is reduced, providing a smoother appearance for a longer time after straightening.

Keratin care increases the shine of hair.
Hair looks healthier and more vibrant.

Keratin protects the hair strands against external factors.
Keratin protects the hair exposed to factors such as sunlight, heat styling tools and chemical processes, preventing them from breaking and getting damaged.

Keratin helps hair strands maintain their natural moisture balance.
Keratin preserves the moisture of the hair, prevents it from drying out and ensures better moisture retention.
If you have obtained detailed information about whether keratin care can be done at home , it is time to enlighten yourself about summer hair care.



PROTEIN STRUCTURE OF KERATIN:
The first sequences of keratins were determined by Israel Hanukoglu and Elaine Fuchs (1982, 1983).
These sequences revealed that there are two distinct but homologous keratin families, which were named type I and type II keratins.

By analysis of the primary structures of these keratins and other intermediate filament proteins, Hanukoglu and Fuchs suggested a model in which keratins and intermediate filament proteins contain a central ~310 residue domain with four segments in α-helical conformation that are separated by three short linker segments predicted to be in beta-turn conformation.
This model has been confirmed by the determination of the crystal structure of a helical domain of keratins.

*Type 1 and 2 Keratins:
The human genome has 54 functional annotated Keratin genes, 28 are in the Keratin type 1 family, and 26 are in the Keratin type 2 family.
Fibrous keratin molecules supercoil to form a very stable, left-handed superhelical motif to multimerise, forming filaments consisting of multiple copies of the keratin monomer.

The major force that keeps the coiled-coil structure is hydrophobic interactions between apolar residues along the keratins helical segments.
Limited interior space is the reason why the triple helix of the (unrelated) structural protein collagen, found in skin, cartilage and bone, likewise has a high percentage of glycine.

The connective tissue protein elastin also has a high percentage of both glycine and alanine.
Silk fibroin, considered a β-keratin, can have these two as 75–80% of the total, with 10–15% serine, with the rest having bulky side groups.

The chains are antiparallel, with an alternating C → N orientation.
A preponderance of amino acids with small, nonreactive side groups is characteristic of structural proteins, for which H-bonded close packing is more important than chemical specificity.


*Disulfide bridges:
In addition to intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the distinguishing feature of keratins is the presence of large amounts of the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, required for the disulfide bridges that confer additional strength and rigidity by permanent, thermally stable crosslinking—in much the same way that non-protein sulfur bridges stabilize vulcanized rubber.

Human hair is approximately 14% cysteine.
The pungent smells of burning hair and skin are due to the volatile sulfur compounds formed.
Extensive disulfide bonding contributes to the insolubility of keratins, except in a small number of solvents such as dissociating or reducing agents.

The more flexible and elastic keratins of hair have fewer interchain disulfide bridges than the keratins in mammalian fingernails, hooves and claws (homologous structures), which are harder and more like their analogs in other vertebrate classes.

Hair and other α-keratins consist of α-helically coiled single protein strands (with regular intra-chain H-bonding), which are then further twisted into superhelical ropes that may be further coiled.
The β-keratins of reptiles and birds have β-pleated sheets twisted together, then stabilized and hardened by disulfide bridges.

Thiolated polymers (=thiomers) can form disulfide bridges with cysteine substructures of keratins getting covalently attached to these proteins.
Thiomers exhibit therefore high binding properties to keratins found in hair, on skin and on the surface of many cell types.


*Filament formation:
It has been proposed that keratins can be divided into 'hard' and 'soft' forms, or 'cytokeratins' and 'other keratins'.
That model is now understood to be correct.
A new nuclear addition in 2006 to describe keratins takes this into account.


*Keratin filaments are intermediate filaments.
Like all intermediate filaments, keratin proteins form filamentous polymers in a series of assembly steps beginning with dimerization; dimers assemble into tetramers and octamers and eventually, if the current hypothesis holds, into unit-length-filaments (ULF) capable of annealing end-to-end into long filaments.



WHAT IS IT HAIR CARE AND WHAT DOES KERATIN CARE DO?
When it comes to hair care, one of the treatments that comes to our mind is keratin care.
Topic today is keratin hair care, which we apply to our hair in hairdressers or at home.



SO WHAT IS THIS KERATIN HAIR CARE?
It produces keratin naturally for the body, hair and nails.
In this way, our nails become strong and vibrant, and our hair becomes healthy and shiny.
When this naturally produced keratin is not enough for our hair for various reasons, we can apply keratin care as an external supplement.
In this way, our hair looks more vibrant, well-groomed and healthy.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF KERATIN CARE FOR HAIR?
As we mentioned, keratin treatment is a process that will make our hair look brighter and healthier.
With correct application, Keratin repairs hair damage and protects the hair. With keratin care, our hair gains a shiny structure and a shine and vitality that lasts for 3-4 months. It also makes the hair more voluminous.



HOW IS KERATIN CARE DONE?
Keratin care can be done professionally at the hairdresser, or it can be done at home with care kits.
Depending on your preference and needs, you can have keratin treatment at a hairdresser at regular intervals or you can do it at home.



KERATIN CARE AT THE HAIRDERSSER:
It starts with thoroughly cleaning and purifying your hair by washing it with a shampoo suitable for your hair structure.
Then, the hair is divided into pieces and keratin is applied to each piece with a brush, touching every strand.
Afterwards, the keratin is left on the hair for a while and the hair is straightened with a straightener or the keratin is allowed to penetrate into the hair with the help of a blow dryer to ensure that it is thoroughly processed and fixed.



KERATIN CARE AT HOME:
The difference between keratin treatment done at a hairdresser is generally related to the products we use.
While professional products are used in hairdressers, we can use a keratin care product with quality ingredients to perform keratin care at home.

Hair is cleaned and purified.
Afterwards, the hair is divided into pieces and keratin is applied.
After waiting for a while, the keratin is ensured to penetrate thoroughly into the hair with the help of a straightener or blow dryer.

One of the things we need to pay attention to in this regard is that we should be careful to use a mask when doing keratin care at home and when applying a straightener or blow dryer to our keratin hair.
If possible, let's open the ventilation or windows.
Because the smoke that comes out when we heat keratin hair can disturb us.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF KERATIN CARE?
Hair is exposed to many damaging factors such as seasonal changes, heat treatments, dyeing and lightening processes, styling sprays and creams we use, and therefore it becomes weak and worn out.
Moreover, irregular diet or unhealthy diet causes the hair to weaken and the keratin in the hair to disappear.

If your hair has become weak, damaged and faded due to these factors, keratin care comes to your rescue.
Keratin care provides protection against external factors by surrounding the hair strands like a protection shield.
The stronger hair strand is less affected by external factors.

With care products containing keratin, the keratin that the hair needs and lost is recharged.
In particular, split ends are repaired and the hair becomes more vibrant, brighter, softer and smoother.
Most importantly, hair grows healthier and stronger.
Thus, there is an increase in hair growth rate.



WHICH HAIR NEEDS KERATIN?
If your hair strands have become thinner or you notice that they are getting thinner, if your hair is more dull and lost its color, if you are losing a lot of hair and even break off in clumps, and if it is hard, difficult to comb, and even more difficult to style, it means that your hair needs this care.



HOW TO MAKE A KERATIN MASK?
Doing this care, which will repair your damaged hair and return Keratin to its former strong and vibrant state, is not as difficult as it seems.
You can also do Keratin is left on the hair for 15-20 minutes, and the hair is supported to absorb the product with a blow dryer, provided that the recommended temperatures are not too high.

Then, the hair is washed and dried, and a layer of hair is blow-dried with a machine such as a blow dryer or straightener.
When the treatment is completed, the keratin in your hair increases and the change is visible and your hair gets a great shine.
Applying this care to your hair periodically will be beneficial for the continuity of the proteins in your hair structure.



HOW TO PERFORM KERATIN CARE?
Generally, when keratin care is mentioned, everyone thinks of hair straightening procedures performed at the hairdresser.
However, keratin is a very important substance for hair, and keratin-containing care products should be used regularly in order for the hair to grow healthy and without breakage.
You should apply the herbal keratin shampoo by massaging it into your scalp, and apply the hair care cream by concentrating on the ends of your hair.



PRODUCTION OF KERATIN:
production of small proline-rich (SPRR) proteins and transglutaminase which eventually form a cornified cell envelope beneath the plasma membrane

*terminal differentiation:
loss of nuclei and organelles, in the final stages of cornification
Metabolism ceases, and the cells are almost completely filled by keratin.

During the process of epithelial differentiation, cells become cornified as keratin protein is incorporated into longer keratin intermediate filaments.
Eventually the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles disappear, metabolism ceases and cells undergo a programmed death as they become fully keratinized.
In many other cell types, such as cells of the dermis, keratin filaments and other intermediate filaments function as part of the cytoskeleton to mechanically stabilize the cell against physical stress.

Keratin does this through connections to desmosomes, cell–cell junctional plaques, and hemidesmosomes, cell-basement membrane adhesive structures.
Cells in the epidermis contain a structural matrix of keratin, which makes this outermost layer of the skin almost waterproof, and along with collagen and elastin gives skin its strength.

Rubbing and pressure cause thickening of the outer, cornified layer of the epidermis and form protective calluses, which are useful for athletes and on the fingertips of musicians who play stringed instruments.
Keratinized epidermal cells are constantly shed and replaced.

These hard, integumentary structures are formed by intercellular cementing of fibers formed from the dead, cornified cells generated by specialized beds deep within the skin.
Hair grows continuously and feathers molt and regenerate.

The constituent proteins may be phylogenetically homologous but differ somewhat in chemical structure and supermolecular organization.
The evolutionary relationships are complex and only partially known.
Multiple genes have been identified for the β-keratins in feathers, and this is probably characteristic of all keratins.


*Silk:
The silk fibroins produced by insects and spiders are often classified as keratins, though it is unclear whether they are phylogenetically related to vertebrate keratins.
Silk found in insect pupae, and in spider webs and egg casings, also has twisted β-pleated sheets incorporated into fibers wound into larger supermolecular aggregates.

The structure of the spinnerets on spiders’ tails, and the contributions of their interior glands, provide remarkable control of fast extrusion.
Spider silk is typically about 1 to 2 micrometers (µm) thick, compared with about 60 µm for human hair, and more for some mammals.
The biologically and commercially useful properties of silk fibers depend on the organization of multiple adjacent protein chains into hard, crystalline regions of varying size, alternating with flexible, amorphous regions where the chains are randomly coiled.

A somewhat analogous situation occurs with synthetic polymers such as nylon, developed as a silk substitute.
Silk from the hornet cocoon contains doublets about 10 µm across, with cores and coating, and may be arranged in up to 10 layers, also in plaques of variable shape.
Adult hornets also use silk as a glue, as do spiders.


Glue:
Glues made from partially-hydrolysed keratin include hoof glue and horn glue.


*Clinical significance
Abnormal growth of keratin can occur in a variety of conditions including keratosis, hyperkeratosis and keratoderma.
Keratin is highly resistant to digestive acids if ingested.
Cats regularly ingest hair as part of their grooming behavior, leading to the gradual formation of hairballs that may be expelled orally or excreted.
In humans, trichophagia may lead to Rapunzel syndrome, an extremely rare but potentially fatal intestinal condition.


*Diagnostic use
Keratin expression is helpful in determining epithelial origin in anaplastic cancers.
Tumors that express keratin include carcinomas, thymomas, sarcomas and trophoblastic neoplasms.

Furthermore, the precise expression-pattern of keratin subtypes allows prediction of the origin of the primary tumor when assessing metastases.
For example, hepatocellular carcinomas typically express CK8 and CK18, and cholangiocarcinomas express CK7, CK8 and CK18, while metastases of colorectal carcinomas express CK20, but not CK7



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of KERATIN:
Appearance: light yellow powder
Moisture: ≤6.0%
PH value: 4.5 ~ 6.5 (5% aqueous solution)
Mercury: ≤0.5mg/kg
Arsenic: ≤0.5mg/kg
Lead: ≤1.0mg/kg
Total bacteria: ≤1000cfu/g
Coliform: ≤30MPN/100g
Pathogenic bacteria: not detected
Protein content: ≥90.0%



FIRST AID MEASURES of KERATIN:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of KERATIN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of KERATIN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of KERATIN:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of KERATIN:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of KERATIN:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

SYNONYM Fats and Glyceridic oils, fish; Fish Oil is the oil obtained from the head, tail and stomach of various species of fish CAS #8016-13-5

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The relocation creates a more centralized production facility, reduces complexity in the production setup, and provides room for future expansion,” said Dr. Thorsten Schmeller, Head of Global Marketing New Products at BASF’s Global Business Unit Pharma Ingredients & Services. The Minden site has manufactured active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients under cGMP for more than 70 years and is regularly inspected by the FDA and European health authorities. Schmeller: “Thanks to the ICH Q7 quality management standards at our Minden site, we will be able to offer a Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) grade that fulfills the requirements of an API.” Commitment to a seamless transition Until the production in Minden is fully operational, BASF will continue to manufacture Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) at the Kankakee site, which will fully support pharmaceutical and nutraceutical customers during the transition. “We have scheduled a generous supply overlap that we expect allows for a seamless transition,” added Schmeller. “Our projection also takes into account the appropriate qualification period required to transition products used in pharmaceutical applications.” Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) production at the Minden site is expected to start in the first quarter of 2013. The Kankakee site remains an important production facility for BASF’s nutrition and health business. Besides food ingredients, the company manufactures ingredients for soaps, shampoos, detergents, coatings, inks and adhesives at the site. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E that can directly enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble active substances. It is commonly used in pharmaceutical and nutritional formulations, but also in cosmetics. Additionally it has plasticizing effects that are very beneficial for emerging platform technologies in the pharmaceutical industry such as hot melt extrusion (HME). Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E that can directly improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble active substances. BASF Global Business Unit Pharma Ingredients & Services Global Marketing New Products head Thorsten Schmeller said the relocation creates a centralized production facility, reducing complexity in the production setup, while providing room for future expansion. The company said until the production in Minden is fully operational, it will continue to manufacture Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) at the Kankakee site. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) is commonly used in pharmaceutical and nutritional, as well as in cosmetic formulations. The production of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) at the Minden site is likely to begin in the first quarter of 2013 with the completion scheduled to Q1, 2014. D-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin E Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) or Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)) has been approved by FDA as a safe adjuvant and widely used in drug delivery systems. The biological and physicochemical properties of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) provide multiple advantages for its applications in drug delivery like high biocompatibility, enhancement of drug solubility, improvement of drug permeation and selective antitumor activity. Notably, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can inhibit the activity of ATP dependent P-glycoprotein and act as a potent excipient for overcoming multi-drug resistance (MDR) in tumor. In this review, we aim to discuss the recent advances of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) in drug delivery including Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) based prodrugs, nitric oxide donor and polymers, and unmodified Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) based formulations. These potential applications are focused on enhancing delivery efficiency as well as the therapeutic effect of agents, especially on overcoming MDR of tumors. It also demonstrates that the clinical translation of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) based nanomedicines is still faced with many challenges, which requires more detailed study on Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) properties and based delivery system in the future. Vitamin E has been identified as an essential factor for reproduction since 1922 1. With further investigation, it has been found with other functions involving antioxidant, anti-thrombolytic and other therapeutic effects 2, 3. However, the poor water solubility of vitamin E has greatly limited its application 4. Vitamin E d-ɑ-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (simply as Vitamin E Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) or Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)), synthesized by esterification of vitamin E succinate with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 1000, is a water-soluble derivative of natural vitamin E 5. It has an amphiphilic structure comprising hydrophilic polar head portion and lipophilic alkyl tail. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can be functionalized as an excellent solubilizer, emulsifier, permeation and bioavailability enhancer of hydrophobic drugs 6. Meanwhile, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can act as an anticancer agent, which has been demonstrated to induce apoptogenic activity against many cancer types. It can target the mitochondria of cancer cells, resulting in the mitochondrial destabilisation for activation of mitochondrial mediators of apoptosis 7. Interestingly, it has been documented that Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can selectively induce apoptosis in tumor cells while exhibited nontoxicity to normal cells and tissues 8. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) remains as a significant impediment to successful chemotherapy in clinical cancer treatment. What's worse, decades of research has identified that this phenomenon exists in nearly every effective drug, even the newest therapeutic agents 9. Therefore, how to effectively reverse drug resistance plays a critical role in achieving satisfied therapeutic effect in cancer treatment. It has been demonstrated that various mechanisms are involved in MDR including decreased drug influx, increased drug efflux, changed drug metabolism and promoted anti-apoptotic mechanism 10. Among them, the drug efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) is one of the most investigated and characterized mechanisms for MDR. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has 12 transmembrane regions to bind hydrophobic substrate drugs and two ATP-binding sites to transport drug molecules 11. It can pump out P-gp substrate drugs to the extracellular space and thus decrease the intracellular drug accumulation. Over the past few decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to exploring P-gp inhibitors for overcoming MDR. Several nonionic surfactants such as Pluronic, Tweens, Span and Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) have been found with the ability to inhibit P-gp activity 12, 13. Though the exact mechanism of P-gp inhibition by these surfactants remains unclear, steric blocking of substrate binding 14, alteration of membrane fluidity 15 and inhibition of efflux pump ATPase 16, 17 have been proposed as the potential mechanisms. As a widely used adjuvant in drug delivery, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) has been shown as the most potent and commercially available P-gp inhibitor among these surfactants 18. As a membrane transporter of ATP-binding cassette family, P-gp can pump out the substrate drug via an ATP-dependent mechanism 19. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can target the mitochondria and cause its dysfunction, resulting in the depletion of intracellular ATP. The reduced ATP level can then influence the activity of P-gp and decrease the drug efflux to extracellular space 20. Besides, the hydrolysis of ATP by ATPase is critical for converting the P-gp transporter to an active conformational state for substrate drug efflux 16. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) itself cannot stimulate ATPase activity as it is not a substrate of P-gp, but can inhibit the substrate induced ATPase activity 21. In our previous works, we have demonstrated that Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can significantly enhance the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics to drug resistant breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7/ADR) and human ovarian cancer cells (A2780/T) 22-24. Since Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) has been approved by the FDA as a safe pharmaceutical adjuvant, it has been extensively used in drug delivery systems as surfactant, solubilizer, stabilizer and P-gp inhibitor for enhancing bioavailability and reversing MDR. In our previous reviews 5, 6, we discussed Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) as a molecular biomaterial and its original application in drug delivery. In this review, we focused on the progress of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) in drug delivery in recent five years, which took advantages of the P-gp inhibiting ability and other basic properties. We summarized the applications of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) based prodrugs, nitric oxide (NO) donor and polymers for overcoming MDR and delivering therapeutic agents. We also discussed the unmodified Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) based formulations applied in reversing MDR, improving oral availability and enhancing drug permeation. We expect this review will give new inspiration for the application of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) in overcoming MDR and drug delivery. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) as a surfactant Poor water solubility and/or poor permeability remain as the major obstacles for therapeutic drugs to exert maximum activity. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can be applied as solubilizer, absorption and permeation enhancer, emulsifier as well as surface stabilizer in drug delivery. It has been widely used in fabricating nanodrugs or other formulations for many poorly water-soluble or permeable drugs, especially for biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class Ⅱ and Ⅳ drugs 5, 6. In addition, it has been reported that Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) exhibited strong enhancement on the secretion of chylomicrons at low concentration and enhanced the intestinal lymphatic transport 25, which would further improve drug absorption ability. As a surfactant, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) shows outstanding capability to increase drug absorption through different biological barriers. For example, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) was used to fabricate repaglinide nanocrystals for enhancing saturation solubility and oral bioavailability up to 25.7-fold and 15.0-fold compared with free drug, respectively 26. In Ussing chambers transport studies, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can enhance drug permeation in colonic tissue 27. In addition, the influence of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) on the intestinal absorption ability of icariside Ⅱ was investigated in Caco-2 monolayer model and a four-site rat intestinal perfusion model. In Caco-2 monolayer model, the apparent permeability coefficients value of icariside Ⅱ was increased and the efflux ratio was remarkably reduced owing to the effect of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS). The four-site rat intestinal perfusion model investigation further showed significantly increased permeability of icariside Ⅱ in ileum and colon 28. Similar results were found in Caco-2 monolayer model with rhodamine123 (Rh123) in the presence of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) 29. Interestingly, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can also act as a pore-forming agent in the fabrication of nanoparticles with high drug encapsulation efficiency, small particle size and fast drug release 30. Besides, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can be used as emulsifier or surface stabilizer for the preparation of drug formulations as the hydrophobic portion can entrap hydrophobic drug and the hydrophilic part can stabilize the formulations. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) as a P-gp inhibitor for overcoming MDR Drug resistance of cancer cells can restrict the therapeutic efficacy in chemotherapeutic treatment. As the ATP dependent membrane transporter, P-gp has been one of primary causes for MDR. It can pump out the P-gp substrate drugs to decrease intracellular drug accumulation, thus reducing the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in drug resistant cancer treatment. Over the past decades, there have been continuous interests to combine P-gp substrate drugs with inhibitor or some polymer with P-gp inhibiting capability in formulations for overcoming MDR 31. Rh123, a P-gp substrate, is usually used as the model drug to study the intracellular retention of drug in MDR tumor cells. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can significantly increase the intracellular accumulation of Rh123 in drug-resistant tumor cells compared with free Rh123, which was evidenced from the flow cytometry and confocal microscope analysis 32. It seems that Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can effectively inhibit the activity of P-gp to overcome MDR. Since the efflux transporter P-gp is ATP-dependent, the depletion of ATP plays a very important role in overcoming MDR. The MDR reversing effect of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) is mainly attributed to its dual actions, the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex Ⅱ for shorting ATP supply and the suppression of substrate induced P-gp ATPase activity for blocking ATP utilization 20, 21, 33, 34. Mitochondrial respiratory complex Ⅱ, also called succinate dehydrogenase, plays an important role in mitochondrial electron transport, which is an essential part in the tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as the mitochondrial respiratory chain 35. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can bind with mitochondrial respiratory complex Ⅱ and induce subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in significant depletion of intracellular energy 20, 36. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can accumulate in mitochondria and inhibit the activity of complex Ⅱ, and consequently disrupt the electron transfer and activate calcium channel, which would result in the overload of calcium and ensuing dysfunction of mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by the dissipating effect on mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ATP level and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 37. Furthermore, the mitochondrial targeting ability of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) may accelerate the mitochondrial dysfunction 32, 38. Substrate induced P-gp ATPase activity suppression is another mechanism for Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) to decrease drug efflux 21. ATPase activity can be stimulated by the binding of substrate to transmembrane regions of P-gp 39. Subsequently, ATP is transformed into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) for the energy supply of drug efflux. Unlike the classical P-gp inhibitor verapamil, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) is not a substrate of P-gp and shows no competitive inhibition effect of substrate binding. The steric blocking function of the binding site and/or allosteric modulation of P-gp appear to be the ATPase inhibition mechanism. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) as a selective anticancer agent for synergistic antitumor effects Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can induce apoptosis and exhibits selective cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, which can be combined with chemotherapeutic drugs for reducing side effect and increasing treatment efficiency. There is significant different response on normal immortalized breast cells and cancer cells after Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) treatment. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can trigger the apoptotic signaling pathways and induce G1/S cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, but no remarkable effect on non-tumorigenic cells MCF-10A and MCF-12F 40. Coincidentally, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can induce apoptosis on T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia Jurkat clone E6-1 cells, but not on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The apoptosis was evidenced by increased nuclear DNA fragmentation, enhanced cell cycle arrest and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential 41. The selective apoptosis mechanisms of cancer cells mediated by Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) are complicated and can be listed as follows: ROS inducer Similar to α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS), Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can induce cancer cell apoptosis through the destruction and inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex Ⅱ 33, 41. The subsequent electron transfer chain disruption can promote ROS generation 20. The escalated intracellular ROS, a mediator of apoptosis, can induce DNA damage and the oxidation of lipid, protein and enzyme, leading to cell destruction 42. Besides, it has been demonstrated that ROS-mediated apoptosis mechanism was correlated with the selective anticancer activity as tumor cells could be more sensitive to ROS than normal cells 43-45. Compared with TOS, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) exhibited enhanced ROS generation capability 46. Downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can inhibit the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) and then downregulate the anti-apoptotic proteins Survivin and Bcl-2, which can induce the activation of caspase-3 and -7 for caspase-dependent programmed cell death 40. Concurrently, caspase-independent programmed cell death and G1/S phase cell cycle arrest also occurred 40, 41. Survivin and Bcl-2 are usually overexpressed in most cancer cells while remarkably reduced in normal cells 47. This may be the main reason for the selective cytotoxicity of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS). DNA damage Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can induce both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent DNA damage. This kind of DNA damage was observed in androgen receptor positive (AR+) LNCaP cells but not in AR- DU145 and PC3 cells, which was related to the cellular microenvironment 48. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-DOX conjugate Doxorubicin (DOX) is a P-gp substrate and broad spectrum anticancer drug. However, the acquired drug resistance of DOX is an obstacle to its clinical applications in the progress of cancer therapy. Bao et al. 23 developed a pH-sensitive Schiff base-linked prodrug, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-CH=N-DOX (also called TD), by conjugating DOX with Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) for overcoming MDR. This prodrug can self-assemble into stable micelles in physiological condition and realize in vivo tumor targeting and long blood circulation by introducing a PEGylated lipid. It was the first time to provide a “molecular economical” way to combat tumor as the system combined the tumor targeting from the integrin receptor ligand peptide cyclic RGD (cRGD), long circulation property from PEGylated lipid, overcoming MDR from the material Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) and stimuli-responsive release from Schiff based linker. The formulated hybrid micelles showed pH-sensitive drug release profile and obvious particles size change in pH 5.0 buffer which simulated the endo/lysosomal acidic environment. It also demonstrated increased DOX uptake by flow cytometry and confocal microscope analysis, and enhanced retention through in vivo pharmacokinetics compared with free drug. DOX exhibited good retention in drug sensitive MCF-7 cells during incubation. On the contrary, free drug showed much low DOX content and remarkably reduced retention in MCF-7/ADR cells even with extended incubation time. Both the P-gp inhibitors of verapamil and Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) can increase the drug accumulation in MCF-7/ADR cells. The prodrug micelles achieved the similar drug uptake and retention trend with the admixture of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) and DOX in MCF-7/ADR cells. It seems that the rapidly dissociated Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) from the internalized micelles can inhibit the P-gp activity and retain DOX for subsequent cytotoxicity against MDR tumors. The enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis was induced by the hybrid micelles in MCF-7/ADR cells compared with free DOX as the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of hybrid micelles was 95-fold lower than that of free drug after 72 h incubation. The mechanism of antitumor efficacy was further investigated through the analysis of intracellular ROS production, change of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and intracellular ATP level (Figure ​Figure22B). The accumulation of ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP generation from the hybrid micelles may contribute to the P-gp inhibition by Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) with cutting off the energy supply from the 'cellular power plants' of mitochondria. The prodrug exhibited significant growth inhibition on MCF-7/ADR tumor (Figure ​Figure22C) and also tumor growth/metastasis inhibition on murine melanoma B16F10 and hepatocarcinoma H22 with cRGD decorated on the hybrid micelles. It provided a safe and simple prodrug platform to relieve the burden from delivery system and improve the therapeutic efficiency of nanomedicine through the rational design of prodrug for effective cancer treatment. Some other Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-DOX prodrugs were also designed and constructed 55-57. Feng's group 55 developed Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-DOX prodrug by directly conjugating succinic anhydride modified Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) with DOX. The prodrug showed improved cell uptake and cytotoxicity. Compared with free drug, 4.5- and 24-fold of half-life (t1/2) and area under curve (AUC) were found in Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-DOX prodrug, respectively. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-DOX-folic acid conjugate (Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-DOX-FOL) was further introduced for targeted chemotherapy with higher therapeutic effects and fewer side effects 56. Moreover, the prodrug of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-DOX can also be applied to package drug for combinational therapy. Hou et al. 57 constructed an acid-sensitive Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-DOX prodrug by firstly synthesizing a pH-sensitive cis-aconitic anhydride-modified DOX and then conjugating with Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS). The prodrug can self-assemble into nanoparticles. Photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) was loaded in this Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-DOX prodrug nanoparticles for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy against tumor. The nanoparticles exhibited pH-responsive DOX and Ce6 release characteristics, which was caused by the acid-sensitive linker between Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) and DOX. It also demonstrated synergistic effects on cell uptake, cancer cell apoptosis and significant growth suppression in non-small cell lung cancer (A549). Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-PTX conjugate Paclitaxel (PTX) is a BCS class Ⅳ drug with poor solubility and permeability as well as a P-gp substrate, which hinders the effective drug delivery and MDR tumor therapy. Zhang's group 58 synthesized a redox-sensitive prodrug Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-SS-PTX, which could be rapidly dissociated in intracellular redox environment (high GSH concentration) to release PTX for cytotoxicity against tumor and Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) active ingredient for P-gp inhibition. The prodrug can self-assemble to stable micelles and realize the passive tumor targeting through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. Compared with non-responsive ester bond conjugated PTX prodrug Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-CC-PTX, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-SS-PTX exhibited better stability and in vitro sustained drug release triggered by intracellular reductive environment. The increased stability of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-SS-PTX micelles may be attributed to the soft sulfurs linker between Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) and PTX in comparison to the only two carbon linker of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-CC-PTX. Compared with the clinical formulation of Taxol® and Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-CC-PTX, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-SS-PTX micelles exhibited increased intracellular PTX accumulation for drug-resistant A2780/T cells, which may be caused by the rapid dissociated Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) from the redox-sensitive prodrug. Rh123 was used as a model drug of P-gp substrate to evaluate the drug retention in MDR tumor. When the cells treated with verapamil or prodrugs, Rh123 fluorescence intensity was increased compared with free Rh123. In particular, much higher fluorescence intensity was exhibited in Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-SS-PTX compared with Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-CC-PTX, which further confirmed the P-gp inhibition property from dissociated Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS). As expected, this functional prodrug micelle increased the cytotoxicity of PTX in A2780/T cells. Compared with the uncleavable Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-CC-PTX prodrug and Taxol®, the stimuli-responsive prodrug reduced the IC50 and increased the apoptosis/necrosis of MDR tumor. In vivo evaluation further demonstrated the potential of this prodrug micelle on cancer treatment as the increased AUC, extended t1/2, enhanced drug distribution in tumor and significant tumor growth inhibition with reduced side effects. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-cisplatin conjugate Cisplatin is widely used in testicular, ovarian, cervical, head and neck, and non-small-cell lung cancers. However, the clinical application is limited for low solubility, nephrotoxicity, severe peripheral neurotoxicity, inherent and acquired drug resistance 59. Feng's group 60 developed Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-cisplatin prodrug to improve the water-solubility and reduce the neurotoxicity of cisplatin. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-cisplatin can self-assemble to micelles with high drug loading capability. The higher cell uptake and cytotoxicity against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells were found in Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-cisplatin prodrug compared with free drug. The prodrug micelles also showed significant neuroprotective effects with higher IC50 value for the SH-SY5Y neuroblast-like cells in comparison to free cisplatin. In addition, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) is a powerful anticancer agent when dealing with breast cancer with high level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression 61. It may be related to the inhibition effect of mitochondrial respiratory complex Ⅱ and the ensuing ROS generation, resulting in cell apoptosis via the HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway 33. Mi and coworkers 62 developed a targeted delivery system of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-cisplatin prodrug nanoparticles for the co-delivery of cisplatin, docetaxel (DTX) and Herceptin for good tumor inhibition in HER2 overexpressed breast cancers. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS), Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-COOH and Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-cisplatin were mixed to fabricate nanoparticles for the multimodality treatment of breast cancer. The multidrug-loaded nanoparticles exhibited much lower IC50 value for SK-BR-3 cells with high expression of HER2 compared with the admixture of free drugs. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-5-FU conjugate Liu's group 63, 64 developed multifunctional nanoparticles for co-delivery of hydrophobic drug PTX and hydrophilic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to overcome MDR. Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-5-FU was synthesized by simply conjugating succinoylated Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) with 5-FU. The nanoparticles, composed of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-5-FU prodrug and PTX, showed enhanced cytotoxicity against MDR tumor compared with individual agent treatment 64. They further developed nanoemulsions with PTX-Vitamin E and Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS)-5-FU prodrug. The nanoemulsions with drugs co-delivery exhibited synergistic effect of overcoming PTX resistance in human epidermal carcinoma cell line KB-8-5 63. The effective anticancer activity was resulted from the P-gp inhibition effect of Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) and the synergistic effect of PTX and 5-FU which can simultaneously target diverse signaling pathways for cancer killing. Targeting ligand conjugated Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E TPGS, E vitamini TPGS) RGD has been applied as a potential targeting ligand in cancer treatment for tumors with αvβ3 integrin receptors overexpression. Li's group 112 formulated PTX and Survivin shRNA co-loaded targeted nanoparticles by mixing Pluronic P85-polyethyleneimine, Kolliphor TPGS (VITAMIN E

Kortacid 1299 is a natural fatty acid that can act as a cleanser and surfactant.
Kortacid 1299 is primarily used in the cosmetics industry as an emulsifier in facial creams and lotions.

CAS Number: 209-647-6.
EC Number: 209-647-6



APPLICATIONS


Kortacid 1299 finds applications in various industries, including:

Cosmetics industry - as an emulsifier in facial creams and lotions
Personal care industry - as a cleanser and surfactant in soaps and toiletries
Pharmaceutical industry - as an ingredient in topical formulations for treating skin diseases
Food industry - as a food additive, mainly as a flavoring agent in baked goods, confectionery, and dairy products
Industrial applications - as a raw material for producing surfactants, detergents, and other chemical products


Overall, Kortacid 1299 is a versatile compound that finds use in various industries due to its emulsifying, cleansing, and surfactant properties.


Kortacid 1299 is commonly used as an emulsifier in the production of cosmetic creams and lotions.
Kortacid 1299 is often added to facial products due to its moisturizing and cleansing properties.

Kortacid 1299 can also be used as a surfactant in the production of soaps and toiletries.
Kortacid 1299 can be used in hair care products as a conditioning agent.

Kortacid 1299 is often used in the production of natural and organic cosmetic products.
Kortacid 1299 is commonly used in the production of personal care products due to its biodegradability.

Kortacid 1299 can be used as a foam booster in the production of shaving creams and foams.
Kortacid 1299 can also be used as a thickener in the production of cosmetic products.
Kortacid 1299 is an effective emulsifying agent in the production of oil-in-water emulsions.

Kortacid 1299 can be used as a lubricant in the production of cosmetic products.
Kortacid 1299 is often added to lipsticks to improve their texture and application.

Kortacid 1299 can be used as a surfactant in the production of household cleaning products.
Kortacid 1299 can be added to laundry detergents as a surfactant and cleaning agent.

Kortacid 1299 is often used in the production of industrial lubricants.
Kortacid 1299 is commonly used in the production of food and pharmaceuticals.

Kortacid 1299 can be used in the production of plasticizers and resins.
Kortacid 1299 can be used in the production of metalworking fluids and cutting oils.
Kortacid 1299 is commonly used as a raw material in the production of other chemicals.

Kortacid 1299 can be used as a dispersing agent in the production of pigments and dyes.
Kortacid 1299 is often added to leather processing agents to improve their performance.

Kortacid 1299 can be used in the production of biodegradable lubricants and hydraulic fluids.
Kortacid 1299 can be used in the production of paints and coatings.

Kortacid 1299 can be used as an emulsifying agent in the production of emulsion polymers.
Kortacid 1299 is often added to adhesive formulations to improve their performance.
Kortacid 1299 can be used in the production of candles as a hardening agent.

Kortacid 1299 is used in the formulation of hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners as a foam booster and thickener.
Kortacid 1299 can be used as a lubricant in the production of various products, including rubber and plastics.

Kortacid 1299 can be used as a raw material for the production of various esters.
Kortacid 1299 is used in the manufacture of surfactants and emulsifiers for various applications.

Kortacid 1299 is used in the production of various personal care products such as bath gels and body washes as a foam booster.
Kortacid 1299 is used in the manufacture of detergents as a surfactant.

Kortacid 1299 is used as a wetting agent and emulsifier in the formulation of insecticides and herbicides.
Kortacid 1299 can be used in the manufacture of textile auxiliaries as a softening agent.

Kortacid 1299 is used in the production of metalworking fluids as a lubricant.
Kortacid 1299 is used in the formulation of leather products such as shoe polishes and leather conditioners as a softening agent.
Kortacid 1299 is used in the production of lubricants as a base oil.

Kortacid 1299 can be used as an emollient in the formulation of cosmetics such as creams and lotions.
Kortacid 1299 is used as a raw material for the production of various fragrances and flavors.

Kortacid 1299 can be used in the formulation of adhesives as a tackifier.
Kortacid 1299 is used in the manufacture of agricultural chemicals as a solvent.

Kortacid 1299 is used in the production of plasticizers as a raw material.
Kortacid 1299 is used as a lubricant in the production of various metal products such as wires and cables.
Kortacid 1299 can be used in the production of candles as a raw material.

Kortacid 1299 is used as a corrosion inhibitor in the production of metal products.
Kortacid 1299 is used in the manufacture of paper and pulp products as a sizing agent.

Kortacid 1299 is used as a raw material for the production of various resins and polymers.
Kortacid 1299 can be used as a flotation agent in the mining industry.

Kortacid 1299 is used in the production of rubber products as a plasticizer.
Kortacid 1299 is used as a mold release agent in the production of various products, including rubber and plastics.
Kortacid 1299 can be used in the formulation of lubricating oils as a viscosity modifier.


As a raw material, Kortacid 1299 can be used in a variety of products across industries.
Some examples of products that may use Kortacid 1299 in their production process include:

Cosmetics, such as facial creams and lotions, as an emulsifier and surfactant
Soaps and toiletries, as a surfactant
Detergents and cleaning products, as a surfactant and cleanser
Food products, as an additive in the production of flavors and fragrances
Pharmaceutical products, as a component in certain drug formulations
Textile industry, as an additive in fabric softeners and other textile treatments
Plastic and rubber industry, as a lubricant and release agent in the production process
Metalworking industry, as a lubricant and corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids
Paper industry, as a sizing agent to improve paper strength and stability
Adhesive industry, as a component in certain adhesive formulations
Paint and coatings industry, as a component in certain paint and coating formulations
Agricultural industry, as a component in certain pesticide formulations
Automotive industry, as a component in certain lubricants and additives for engine oils
Construction industry, as a component in certain concrete and mortar formulations
Petroleum industry, as a component in certain drilling muds and fluids.



DESCRIPTION


Kortacid 1299 is a natural fatty acid that can act as a cleanser and surfactant.
Kortacid 1299 is primarily used in the cosmetics industry as an emulsifier in facial creams and lotions.

Due to its biodegradable nature, Kortacid 1299 is a preferred ingredient in eco-friendly cosmetic formulations.
Additionally, Kortacid 1299 can also be used as a surfactant in soaps and toiletries.

Kortacid 1299 is a white, waxy, and odorless solid at room temperature.
Kortacid 1299 is a medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon chain length, specifically lauric acid, with a purity of over 99%.

Kortacid 1299 is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.
Kortacid 1299 has a faint odor and a mild taste, and is often used as a flavoring agent in the food industry.
Kortacid 1299 is readily and rapidly biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly choice for use in various applications.



PROPERTIES


Molecular formula: C12H24O2
Molecular weight: 200.32 g/mol
Melting point: 44.2 °C (111.6 °F)
Boiling point: 298 °C (568 °F)
Density: 0.89 g/cm³ at 25 °C (77 °F)
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, but insoluble in water
Biodegradability: Rapidly and readily biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly ingredient.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the person to fresh air.
If the person is not breathing, call for emergency medical attention immediately and administer artificial respiration.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Get medical attention if symptoms persist.


Skin Contact:

Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash affected areas thoroughly with soap and plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation or symptoms of an allergic reaction occur.


Eye Contact:

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
Seek medical attention if irritation or symptoms of an allergic reaction occur.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.
Drink plenty of water.

Seek medical attention immediately.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.


Note to Physician:

Treat symptomatically.


General Advice:

If you feel unwell, seek medical advice (show the label or SDS where possible).
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to protect themselves.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Use appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling Kortacid 1299 to avoid skin and eye contact.
Avoid breathing in the dust or mist of Kortacid 1299, as it may cause respiratory irritation.

Store Kortacid 1299 in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agents.
When transferring Kortacid 1299, use closed systems or adequate ventilation to prevent the release of dust or mist.
Avoid generating dust during handling or transfer of Kortacid 1299.


Storage:

Store Kortacid 1299 in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and flames.
Keep Kortacid 1299 away from sources of ignition, such as open flames and heat sources.
Store Kortacid 1299 separately from strong oxidizing agents and reducing agents.

Do not store Kortacid 1299 near food, feed, or beverages.
Keep Kortacid 1299 in its original container with a tight-fitting lid and store it in a safe location, away from children and pets.



SYNONYMS


Dodecanoic acid
Laurostearic acid
n-Dodecanoic acid
1-Undecanecarboxylic acid
C12:0 (referring to its 12-carbon chain length)
C12 fatty acid (referring to its 12-carbon chain length and fatty acid nature)
Coconut oil acid (since it is a major component of coconut oil)
Dodecanoic acid
Duodecylic acid
C12:0 fatty acid
Coco fatty acid
Cocos nucifera oil
N-dodecanoic acid
Laurostearic acid
Vulvic acid
Lauroic acid, zinc salt
Lauroic acid, lithium salt
Lauroic acid, sodium salt
Lauroic acid, potassium salt
Lauroic acid, magnesium salt
Lauroic acid, calcium salt
1-dodecoic acid
Dodecoic acid
Dodecylenic acid
n-Lauroic acid
Lipoic acid
Laurinsäure (German)
Acide laurique (French)
Acido laurico (Italian, Spanish)
Lauric acid, coconut oil
Lauric acid, palm oil
Lauric acid, animal fats
Univol U-215
Cerasynt L 30
Prifac 2954
Pelemol LA
Cithrol 10MSA
NAA 50
Coco nut oil fatty acid
Coco palm kernel oil fatty acid
Coco butter fatty acid
Coco lauric acid
Decanoic acid
Dodecoic acid
Dodecylic acid
Hydrofol acid 1299
Hydrofol acid 1299P
Kortacid 1299LA
Laurex 1299
Lauric acid, coconut oil fatty acid
NAA C-50
NAA L-50
Lauric acid (natural)

KOSTERAN-S/3 G IUPAC Name [2-(4-hydroxy-3-octadecanoyloxyoxolan-2-yl)-2-octadecanoyloxyethyl] octadecanoate KOSTERAN-S/3 G InChI=1S/C60H114O8/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-34-37-40-43-46-49-56(62)65-53-55(67-57(63)50-47-44-41-38-35-32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2)60-59(54(61)52-66-60)68-58(64)51-48-45-42-39-36-33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3/h54-55,59-61H,4-53H2,1-3H3 KOSTERAN-S/3 G InChI Key IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N KOSTERAN-S/3 G Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C1C(C(CO1)O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC KOSTERAN-S/3 G Molecular Formula C60H114O8 KOSTERAN-S/3 G CAS 26658-19-5 KOSTERAN-S/3 G EC Number 247-891-4 KOSTERAN-S/3 G E number E492 (thickeners, ...) KOSTERAN-S/3 G Molar mass 963.54 g/mol KOSTERAN-S/3 G Appearance Waxy solid KOSTERAN-S/3 G Physical Description Liquid; OtherSolid KOSTERAN-S/3 G Form Hard, waxy solid KOSTERAN-S/3 G Colour Light cream to Tan KOSTERAN-S/3 G Acid Value Max 7 mgKOH/gm KOSTERAN-S/3 G Saponification Value 176-188 mgKOH/gm KOSTERAN-S/3 G Moisture content Max 1% KOSTERAN-S/3 G Hydroxyl Value 66-80 mgKOH/gm KOSTERAN-S/3 G Heavy Metals (as Pb) Less than 10mg/kg KOSTERAN-S/3 G Arsenic Less than 3 mg/kg KOSTERAN-S/3 G Cadmium Less than 1mg/kg KOSTERAN-S/3 G Mercury Less than 1 mg/kg KOSTERAN-S/3 G Molecular Weight 963.5 g/mol KOSTERAN-S/3 G XLogP3-AA 24.3 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 8 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Rotatable Bond Count 56 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Exact Mass 962.851371 g/mol KOSTERAN-S/3 G Monoisotopic Mass 962.851371 g/mol KOSTERAN-S/3 G Topological Polar Surface Area 108 Ų KOSTERAN-S/3 G Heavy Atom Count 68 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Formal Charge 0 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Complexity 1100 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Isotope Atom Count 0 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 4 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 KOSTERAN-S/3 G Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Kosteran-S/3 G is composed of Sorbitan Tristeareate. It functions as a W/O-emulsifier. This product is suitable for skin care creams and lotions, natural care, and colour cosmetics.KOSTERAN-S/3 G is a nonionic surfactant. It is variously used as a dispersing agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer, in food and in aerosol sprays. As a food additive, it has the E number E492. Brand names for polysorbates include Alkest, Canarcel, and Span. The consistency of KOSTERAN-S/3 G is waxy; its color is light cream to tan.KOSTERAN-S/3 G , also known as E492 or sorbester P38, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tricarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups. KOSTERAN-S/3 G is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Within the cell, KOSTERAN-S/3 G is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP).KOSTERAN-S/3 G is a nonionic surfactant. It is variously used as a dispersing agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer, in food and in aerosol sprays. As a food additive, it has the E number E492. Brand names for polysorbates include Alkest, Canarcel, and Span. The consistency of KOSTERAN-S/3 G is waxy; its color is light cream to tan.Pernetti et al. (2007) showed the structuring of edible oils using a mixture of sunflower lecithin and KOSTERAN-S/3 G (STS). Individually, neither of these components was by itself capable of inducing gelation even at concentrations as high as 20% w/w. However, when a mixture was used, structuring was achieved at concentrations of approximately 4% w/w. The mixture composition that resulted in structuring ranged between 2:3 lecithin:KOSTERAN-S/3 G to 3:2 lecithin:KOSTERAN-S/3 G . Microscopy of the gels showed the presence of needle-like crystals with lengths of approximately 10 μm. Preparations of only KOSTERAN-S/3 G in oil also showed the presence of crystalline particles, although these crystals had a lower aspect ratio (less needle-like) than when lecithin was present in the mixture. Lecithin was surmised to modify the crystal habit of the KOSTERAN-S/3 G crystals such that a more needle-like morphology resulted, which is more efficient at structuring oil. However, these gels melted at a low temperature (approximately 15°C) and were very sensitive to the addition of water, both of which would limit their utility in water-rich foods.Individually both lecithin (Lec) and KOSTERAN-S/3 G (STS) are incapable of forming oil gels at concentration between 6 and 20 %wt in absence of a polar solvent. However, when mixed in specific ratios between 40:60 to 60:40, Lec:KOSTERAN-S/3 G can form firm gels at a total concentration as low as 4 %wt (Pernetti et al., 2007). The crystalline units formed in these systems are based on KOSTERAN-S/3 G , while Lec plays an important role in influencing both the morphology of the crystalline units as well as the network junctions among the formed units. The gel however has limited use as hardstock fat replacer as it starts softening at temperature above 15 °C and undergoes complete collapse at 30 °C (Pernetti et al., 2007).In chocolate formulations surface-active substances are often used, for instance to reduce viscosity. Popular additives are KOSTERAN-S/3 G (STS), sorbitan monoesters, lecithin, mono- and diacylglycerols. Since roughly two-thirds of the chocolate recipe contains non-fat-soluble substances such as sugar and cocoa powder, the lecithin acts as a lubricant. The polar part of the lecithin covers the sugar particles, while the hydrophobic part faces the fat phase. Roughly 0.5 % is needed to cover the sugar and cocoa powder particles. The covered particles reduce the viscosity of the chocolate mass which is favourable. Lecithin itself is known to reduce the crystallization rate of fat indicating that the amount of lecithin should be controlled (Guth et al., 1989). Diacylglycerols also have a negative effect on the crystallization rate and on polymorphic transformation. However, there are several types of diacylglycerols each with different properties (Siew and Ng, 2000). For instance, it has been shown that 1.3-dipalmitin increases the melting point of the palm oil while 1.2-dipalmitin decreases the melting point.KOSTERAN-S/3 G is a component often used in CBR and CBS applications to stabilize β′ crystals (Wilson, 1999). It is shown to be one of the most effective emulsifiers for improving both initial gloss as well as bloom stability (Weyland, 1994). However, KOSTERAN-S/3 G also seems to have a negative effect on crystallization rate in these applications. Sorbitan monoesters and monoacylglycerols improve the crystallization rate in CBR and CBS systems because they are insoluble in the fat phase and act as nucleation agents. However, bloom stability does not seem to improve.In summary, the minor components in a fat play a crucial part in fat crystallization, yet there is inadequate understanding of the mechanisms behind their influence. The reason is that the levels are low and individual components often influence each other.KOSTERAN-S/3 G is a component often used in CBR and CBS applications to stabilize β′ crystals (Wilson, 1999). It is shown to be one of the most effective emulsifiers for improving both initial gloss as well as bloom stability (Weyland, 1994). However, KOSTERAN-S/3 G also seems to have a negative effect on crystallization rate in these applications.Lipophilic emulsifiers in the form of KOSTERAN-S/3 G (STS) are used as crystal-modifying agents in fats, where they prevent the formation of the high-melting β-crystal. The function of KOSTERAN-S/3 G is assumed to be due to its ability to co-crystallise with triacylglycerides in the β'-crystal form, preventing a solid-state crystal transition to the higher-melting β-crystal form during storage.7 Other emulsifiers, such as LACTEM or CITREM, provide a similar crystal-modifying function in cocoa butter substitutes (CBS) or cocoa butter replacers (CBR), but are less efficient than KOSTERAN-S/3 G .In the case of the transition from beta (V) into beta (VI), there are a number of possibilities. KOSTERAN-S/3 G (used to inhibit bloom in CBR and CBS systems as well) and similar emulsifiers reportedly slow the polymorphic transformation (Garti et al., 1986). If the desire is to avoid unnecessary items on the label, TAG solutions exist. Milk fat is well known for its bloom inhibiting effect; dark chocolate often has a small amount of milk fat added for this reason. More effective are bloom retarding fats that incorporate saturated TAG having mixed long (C16, C18) and medium (C10-C14) chain fatty acids (Cain et al., 1995). Thus, they are a specific type of lauric fat. They are stable in the beta′ polymorph.KOSTERAN-S/3 G (abbreviation STS), also known as Span 65, a nonionic surfactant that can be used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food with the European food additive number E492. Its main functions are to retard fat bloom in chocolates and prevent cloudy appearance in cooking oils.Vegetable sourced stearic acid is the most used in the manufacturing process of KOSTERAN-S/3 G and other sorbitan esters of fatty acids. KOSTERAN-S/3 G is used as a water in oil (W/O) emulsifier and when used in combination with polysorbates they can stabilize oil in water (O/W) emulsions. The formulation of the Span/Polysorbate ratio can produce emulsifying systems with various HLB values. KOSTERAN-S/3 G is mainly used as an anti-bloom agent of fat, and also maintains the color and gloss in chocolates.KOSTERAN-S/3 G and lecithin are often used as surface-active substances to reduce viscosity in chocolate formulations. In chocolate, KOSTERAN-S/3 G adjusts sugar crystallization and appearance, also it can reduce stickiness.KOSTERAN-S/3 G is used as an emulsifier that can be used to retard fat bloom by preventing β’ crystals from converting to β crystals when exposed to excessive heat conditions, which tend to migrate to the chocolate surface and thus cause fat bloom. KOSTERAN-S/3 G can be used as an anti-crystallization agent in cooking oils (e.g. palm oil, coconut oil) to prevent oils cloudy appearance which are formed by harden-fast fractions under colder temperatures. KOSTERAN-S/3 G functions as a surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products. Its concentrations typically range between 0.1% and 5% (up to 10%). KOSTERAN-S/3 G has almost no side effects when used as a food additive. It is approved as an indirect food additive by the FDA.Yes, KOSTERAN-S/3 G would be halal, kosher and vegan if the raw material – stearic acid is from natural vegetable oils. However, some manufacturing processes may use stearic acid from animal fats and oils.KOSTERAN-S/3 G is used as an emulsifier and stabiliser. It is produced by the esterification of sorbitol with commercial stearic acid derived from food fats and oils.It is a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydride with edible stearic acid.KOSTERAN-S/3 G is produced by the esterification of Sorbitol with commercial edible fatty acids and consists of approximately 95% of a mixture of the esters of Sorbitol and its mono and di-anhydrides.KOSTERAN-S/3 G is an effective emulsifier to retard fat bloom in chocolate. Fat used in chocolate, particularly cocoa butter, forms as a tightly packed β’ polymorph/crystal which is an unstable crystal but is vital for the functional and aesthetic quality of chocolate. If chocolate is not tempered properly or is exposed to excessive heat, these β’ crystals convert to β crystals which are less tightly packed but are more stable. These β crystals tend to migrate to the surface causing fat bloom to occur and also having a negative impact on the aesthetics of the chocolate.KOSTERAN-S/3 G ’s structure mimics the β’ crystals and bonds with such fat crystals and retards their conversion to the less desirable β crystals.KOSTERAN-S/3 G is used as a crystal inhibitor in oils which contain fractions that harden faster during colder temperatures making the oils look cloudy. This cloudy oil is perceived by many as deteriorated oil which it actually is not. It is just aesthetically unacceptable.The addition of KOSTERAN-S/3 G retards the harder fractions from nucleating at lower temperatures and causing cloudiness in oils.KOSTERAN-S/3 G has a structure more similar to a triglyceride than to an emulsifier.KOSTERAN-S/3 G has a structure more similar to a triglyceride than to an emulsifier.In 1947, Krantzconducted life-span studies with Sorbitan palmitate, Sorbitan stearate, KOSTERAN-S/3 G , and Sorbitan oleate. The study reports were only available as secondary source and therefore very limited in documentation of examinations and results. In each study, 30 male rats were exposed to a dietary concentration of 5% test substance in their daily diet, corresponding to 5000 mg/kg bw/d (calculation based on the assumption of an average body weight of 200 g and a daily average food consumption of 20 g). No treatment-related mortality or clinical signs as well as effects on body weights and histopathology were observed. Therefore, a NOAEL of≥5000 mg/kg bw/day was determined for Sorbitan palmitate, Sorbitan stearate, KOSTERAN-S/3 G , and Sorbitan oleate. Likewise, Sorbitan laurate was tested: male rats were fed the test substance in diet for 20.5 months at 5% and for 2 years at 10%, corresponding to 5000 and 10000 mg/kg bw/day (calculation based on the assumption of an average body weight of 200 g and a daily average food consumption of 20 g) (Barboriak 1970). Diarrhea and retarded growth were observed in the animals of the 10% dose group. No effects were observed at histopathology, therefore, a NOAEL was therefore set at 5000 mg/kg bw/d. The same NOAEL was determined in a second chronic study with rats that were fed 5% of the test substance in diet for 2 years (Krantz 1970). Again, no clinical signs were observed and mortality, body weight gain, haematology and histopathology were unaffected.

Krill oil is a substance obtained from the sea creature called "Euphausia superba" that lives in the oceans.
Krill oil contains a high amount of Omega 3 fatty acids, and these fatty acids are in the form of phospholipids.
Additionally, Krill Oil is a dietary supplement containing astaxanthin, vitamin A and vitamin E.


SYNONYMS:
Aceite de Krill, Acide Docosahexaénoïque, Acides Gras Oméga 3, Acides Gras N-3, Acides Gras Polyinsaturés, Acides Gras W3, Antarctic Krill Oil, Concentré de Protéines Marines, DHA, Docosahexanoic Acid, EPA, Euphausia Superba Oil, Euphausiacé, Euphausiids Oil, Huile d' Euphausia Superba, Huile de Krill, Huile de Krill Antarctique, Huile d'Oméga 3, Marine Protein Concentrate, n-3 Fatty Acids, Omega 3, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Oméga 3, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Omega-3 Oil, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, W-3 Fatty Acids



Astaxanthin is a substance with strong antioxidant properties.
Omega 3 fatty acid supplements; It is known to be important in mental development, hyperlipidemia, premenstrual syndromes, inflammatory and cardiological diseases.


Omega-3 fatty acids, which nourish and support the building blocks of our body, cannot be produced by the body.
Omega-3 deficiency can manifest itself in many different ways, especially in productivity and quality of life .
At this point, you may want to use nutritional supplements for a body whose needs are met from head to toe.


Although most of the nutritional supplements containing omega-3 are produced from fish oil, it is now possible to find different sources of omega-3.
Krill oil comes from krill, tiny shrimp-like creatures that live in very cold ocean waters.
Studies show that krill oil might have health benefits similar to those of fish oil.


Shrimp-like crustaceans from the Euphausiacea family are generally called 'Krill' and consist of 86 species.
Euphausia superba, also known as the “Antarctic Krill,” is the most common Krill species in the pristine oceans surrounding Antarctica.
They are at the bottom of the food chain because they feed many marine creatures.


Krill oil, like fish oil, contains omega-3 acids EPA and DHA.
However, krill oil and fish oil differ in the chemical structures of the fatty acids they contain.
Unlike the bright golden yellow color of fish oil that we are used to, krill oil has a red tone color.


Krill oil owes its unique red color to a natural antioxidant it contains.
Krill oil also fights against free radicals with its natural antioxidant content.
Krill oil is the oil of the shellfish, also known as Antarctic krill.


Krill Oil also contains EPA and DHA fatty acids.
Due to its structure, Krill Oil is red in color.
Krill oil can be taken as a supplement when necessary.


Krill Oil is a source of Omega 3 in phospholipid form.
Krill oil is one of the most powerful antioxidants in nature with its natural astaxanthin content.
In addition, risks such as leakage, explosion and oxidation have been minimized with Licaps (liquid capsule) technology, which is produced using fish gelatin.


Krill oil is an oil obtained from a small, shrimp-like, aquatic sea creature called euphausia superba, which contains omega 3 fatty acids.
Krill oil, which offers many health benefits as it contains omega 3 fatty acids, reduces inflammation and relieves arthritis and joint pain, as well as being a powerful source of antioxidants.


Due to these properties, krill oil is also considered as an alternative to fish oil.
Krill is a shrimp-like crustacean.
Krill oil, unlike fish oil, has a phospholipid structure and contains "astaxanthin"


Krill oil, an alternative to fish oil , is rich in omega 3 fatty acids.
Although krill oil and fish oil both contain two omega 3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the omega 3 fatty acids found in krill oil are considered to have a higher bioavailability and absorption rate in the body than fish oil.


Krill oil is an extract prepared from a species of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superb.
Processed krill oil is commonly sold as a dietary supplement.
Krill oil, rich in Omega 3 fatty acids, is an oil obtained from a small sea creature called Euphausia superb.


Two components of krill oil are omega-3 fatty acids similar to those in fish oil, and phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA), mainly phosphatidylcholine (alternatively referred to as marine lecithin).
Fishing for krill where previously the focus was on marine life of higher trophic level is an example of fishing down the food web.


While the word krill means “small fish” in Norwegian, the tiny crustaceans pack a big punch with their sources of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), two omega-3 fatty acids only found in marine life.


Krill Oil contains high levels of eicospentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) also known as long-chain omega 3 fatty acids which is essential for good health.
Krill Oil contains the beneficial omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, and a good level of the sought after astaxanthin.


The EPA and DHA in krill oil are bound to phospholipids, which means they are rapidly and readily uptaken into cell membranes, more efficiently than EPA and DHA on triglyceride carriers, such as in fish oils.
Krill Oil is a source of fatty acids that helps to maintain normal blood pressure and heart health.


Krill is a small crustacean with an appearance similar to shrimp.
They are found in the colder waters of the ocean.
Krill primarily serve as a food source for other animals in the ocean, for example - whales, seals, penguins, squid and fish.


Krill is found in the oceans off of Antarctica, Canada, and Japan.
Harvesting of krill is controversial.
There is concern that commercial harvesting of Krill for use in Krill Oil supplements could threaten the species that consume it for food, including whales.


All krill oil sold in nutritional supplements is harvested out of the open ocean, upsetting the natural balance of food supplies for larger marine animals.
Commercial uses of Krill include salmon aquaculture farming, harvesting for use in Krill Oil capsules, as food for home aquariums, and as a human food source.


Krill, known as Okiami has been harvested by the Japanese as a human food source since the 19th century, and is also consumed in South Korea and Taiwan.
Krill has a pink or red appearance due to the plankton that they consume as a food source in the ocean.
Krill Oil is derived from Antarctic krill, small shrimp-like creatures that thrive in the frigid waters of the Southern Ocean.


These minuscule crustaceans form a crucial part of the marine food chain, serving as a primary food source for various marine species, including whales, seals, and penguins.
Krill oil, rich in Omega 3 fatty acids, is an oil obtained from a small sea creature called Euphausia superb.



USES and APPLICATIONS of KRILL OIL:
Krill Oil is an astaxanthin-derived supplement containing 1000 mg of krill oil obtained from a small shrimp-like shellfish that lives in the oceans.
Krill Oil offers high bioavailability due to its phospholipid omega 3 structure.
Krill Oil is recommended to consume 2 capsules a day for adults.


A unique formula extracted from Antarctic Krill to deliver essential omega-3 (EPA & DHA), choline, phospholipids and astaxanthin with proven effects to improve human health.
Krill Oil has also been used to treat high blood pressure, stroke, cancer, osteoarthritis, depression and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), although high quality studies with adequately sized populations validating these uses are lacking.


Krill Oil may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Krill Oil is obtained through a meticulous extraction process that ensures the preservation of its potent nutritional profile, making it a valuable addition to the realm of dietary supplements.



BENEFITS OF KRILL OIL:
1. Krill Oil provides a Rich Source of Omega-3:
Omega-3 fatty acids, which cannot be produced by our body, are important for individuals of all ages, from 7 to 70.
You can choose fish oil supplements to meet your DHA and EPA needs, with benefits ranging from muscle development to skin beauty.

However, krill oil appears as a unique option for those who cannot consume fish oil due to complaints such as fishy smell and indigestion.
Additionally, research shows that the fatty acids contained in krill oil are more easily absorbed by the body than fish oils.
Krill oil, in phospholipid form, can be easily absorbed by the body and used more effectively.


2. Krill Oil supports the Healing of Inflammatory Diseases:
Compared to marine omega-3 products, krill oil provides higher protection against inflammatory diseases due to its easy absorption.
There are important studies showing that the natural antioxidant called axanthaxin contained in krill oil is a powerful anti-inflammatory.
With this feature, krill oil can help reduce inflammation and have positive effects on rheumatoid arthritis and joint pain.


3. Krill Oil helps Control Cholesterol:
Experts often emphasize the positive effect of omega-3 fatty acids against cardiovascular diseases.
Today, there are studies showing that krill oil is more effective than fish oil in reducing triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, known as bad cholesterol.
Similarly, krill oil may help reduce the risks of heart disease with its positive effects on insulin resistance.


4. Krill Oil supports Anti-Aging Fight with Antioxidant Content:
Supports Anti-Aging Fight with Antioxidant Content:
Antioxidants protect our body by fighting against free radicals that cause cell aging.

Free radicals can cause signs of premature aging, such as loss of elasticity on the skin surface.
Vitamins A and E contained in krill oil help maintain skin beauty and improve its general appearance.


5. Krill Oil helps Reduce PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) Symptoms:
Research also reveals that omega-3 fatty acids have pain-relieving properties.
Studies on improving PMS symptoms have shown that krill oil may be more effective than other omega-3 sources.
Krill oil can significantly reduce painkiller use in women diagnosed with PMS.


6. Krill Oil supports the Immune System
Regular omega-3 intake is essential for a strong immune system. Krill oil, which can be easily absorbed by the intestine in its phospholipid form, supports the immune system.

Krill oil helps strengthen the immune system against diseases that increase as a result of the slowing down of the body's defense mechanism, especially during seasonal transitions.
In regular use, Krill Oil supports the body in having a more vigorous and healthy immune system.

As with all nutritional supplements, do not forget to consult your doctor before using nutritional supplements containing krill oil.
If you are allergic to any shellfish, do not use supplements containing krill oil without expert advice.



FEATURES OF KRILL OIL:
*Omega 3 in phospholipid form rich in DHA and EPA
*Formula with high bioavailability
*Free of sweeteners, lactose and gluten



ABOUT KRILL OIL:
•Krill is a small, shrimp-like shellfish and is found in all the world's oceans.
They live in flocks and feed on phytoplankton, which is a high source of Omega 3, to survive.

•These creatures feed only on microscopic algae; Due to their small size, short lifespan and diet, they do not accumulate toxins and heavy metals in their bodies.

•Krill Oil contains Superba Boost as a patented raw material and is obtained from Euphausia Superba, also called Antarctic Krill.

•Superba Boost uses Flexitech, a patented technology developed specifically for krill, to obtain high concentrations of active ingredients and to remove any unwanted content.

•Krill oil contains Omega 3 together with choline in phospholipid form.
Phospholipids are the building blocks of our cells and ensure the integrity and flexibility of our cell membranes.

•Krill oil also contains astaxanthin, one of the most powerful antioxidants in the world, in its natural structure.



WHICH DISEASES DOES KRILL OIL BENEFIT?
Research into the potential health benefits of Krill Oil spans a broad spectrum of diseases and conditions, showcasing its versatility as a therapeutic agent.
Some of the notable areas where Krill Oil has shown promise include:


*Cardiovascular Health:
The omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA present in Krill Oil have been extensively studied for their cardioprotective effects.

These fatty acids help reduce triglyceride levels, lower blood pressure, improve endothelial function, and decrease the risk of thrombosis, thereby promoting overall cardiovascular health and reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes.


*Joint Health:
The anti-inflammatory properties of Krill Oil, attributed to its omega-3 fatty acids and astaxanthin content, make it a promising adjunctive therapy for managing inflammatory joint conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

By modulating inflammatory pathways and attenuating joint inflammation, Krill Oil may help alleviate pain, improve joint function, and enhance overall quality of life for individuals living with these debilitating conditions.


*Cognitive Function:
Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, are essential components of brain cell membranes and play crucial roles in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function.

Studies suggest that regular consumption of Krill Oil may support brain health and cognitive function, reducing the risk of cognitive decline and age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.


*Skin Health:
The antioxidant properties of astaxanthin, coupled with the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids, make Krill Oil a promising agent for promoting skin health and combating various dermatological conditions.

Astaxanthin protects skin cells from oxidative damage induced by UV radiation, while omega-3 fatty acids help maintain skin barrier function, reduce inflammation, and support overall skin hydration and elasticity.


*Women's Health:
Krill Oil may offer unique benefits for women's health, particularly during pregnancy and menopause.
Omega-3 fatty acids play critical roles in fetal development, supporting healthy brain and eye development in the developing fetus.

Additionally, Krill Oil may help alleviate symptoms of menopausal transition, such as hot flashes and mood disturbances, due to its hormonal balancing and anti-inflammatory effects.



BENEFITS OF KRILL OIL:
Krill Oil is also possible to explain the details of the benefits of krill oil as follows:

*Krill oil is a powerful source of antioxidants

*Krill oil, which carries the potential benefits of both fish oil and omega 3, stands out as a powerful source of antioxidants.
These powerful antioxidants play an effective role in fighting free radicals in the body.


*Krill Oil reduces inflammation thanks to Omega 3 and astaxanthin:
Krill oil has a reducing effect on inflammation and inflammation in the body, thanks to the omega 3 and astaxanthin it contains.
Astaxanthin is also considered to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits that can help combat the negative effects of free radicals on the brain and nervous system.


*Krill oil reduces arthritis and joint pain:
Studies have shown that arthritis and joint pain decrease in people who use krill oil.


*Krill oil supports heart health
Krill oil is a form of oil that supports heart health as it is an effective source of reducing total cholesterol and triglycerides.
At the same time, krill oil can increase levels of good cholesterol, known as HDL .


*Krill Oil lowers bad cholesterol:
Offering many health benefits, krill oil can also prevent some possible diseases, especially heart diseases, by lowering bad cholesterol.


*Krill Oil helps build a healthy immune system
Rich in antioxidants, containing omega 3 fatty acids, reducing inflammation in the body and lowering bad cholesterol levels, krill oil helps create a healthy immune system.


*Krill Oil can reduce anxiety levels
Since it is evaluated that there is a connection between the intake of Omega 3 and the decrease in anxiety level, it is evaluated that krill oil may also be effective in reducing anxiety.


*Krill Oil is a source of vitamins A and E.
Krill oil also offers effective benefit potential, especially for eye health, thanks to the vitamins A and E it contains.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF KRILL OIL?
The nutritional profile of Krill Oil makes it a veritable treasure trove of health-enhancing compounds.
Krill Oil's most notable constituents include omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which play pivotal roles in various physiological processes.

These fatty acids are renowned for their anti-inflammatory properties, which can help alleviate symptoms associated with conditions such as arthritis and promote cardiovascular health by reducing the risk of coronary artery disease and supporting optimal lipid profiles.

Additionally, Krill Oil boasts a potent antioxidant arsenal, including astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment responsible for the vibrant red hue of krill and various marine organisms.

Astaxanthin exhibits exceptional antioxidant activity, scavenging free radicals and combating oxidative stress, thereby protecting cells from damage and promoting overall health and longevity.



HOW IS KRILL OIL CONSUMED?
Krill Oil is predominantly available in the form of softgel capsules, which are encapsulated to preserve the integrity of the oil and enhance its shelf life.
These capsules are designed for oral consumption, offering a convenient and hassle-free way to incorporate Krill Oil into your daily regimen.
The softgel form also ensures easy digestion and absorption, minimizing any potential discomfort often associated with consuming fish oil supplements.



HOW MUCH KRILL OIL SHOULD BE CONSUMED DAILY?
Determining the optimal dosage of Krill Oil is essential to maximize its health benefits while minimizing the risk of adverse effects.
While individual requirements may vary based on factors such as age, gender, and overall health status, a general guideline suggests a daily intake of 1 to 3 grams of Krill Oil.
However, it is crucial to consult with a qualified healthcare professional to assess your specific needs and tailor the dosage accordingly.



KEY BENEFITS OF KRILL OIL:
*Source of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA
*Supports heart and brain health
*Anti-inflammatory; supports joint health
*Source of the antioxidant astaxanthin



KRILL OIL ALSO CONTAINS:
*Phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA), which may result in better absorption, and marine lethicin
*A carotenoid antioxidant called astaxanthin.
Antioxidants inhibit oxidation and may neutralize the oxidant effect of free radicals and other substances in body tissues that may lead to disease.



BENEFITS OF KRILL OIL:
Studies have shown krill oil may have a variety of health benefits.
Here are some possible ways it can help you.

*Krill Oil may help your heart
Research shows that krill oil may be effective in reducing total cholesterol and triglycerides.
It may also increase HDL (good) cholesterol levels.

*Krill Oil may reduce inflammation
Research shows that omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in krill oil, may decrease blood pressure in some individuals.

Krill oil also contains astaxanthin, a pigment that’s found in carotenoids (it’s also what gives salmon its pink-red color).
Astaxanthin has been shown to also have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, which may help fight the negative effects of free radicals on your brain and nervous system.

*Krill Oil may reduce arthritis and joint pain
Another study examined how krill oil may reduce the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
Those who took 300 milligrams of krill oil each day for 30 days saw an improvement in symptom reduction and used less rescue medication.

*Krill Oil can also help with pain.
A small study gave participants with mild knee pain krill oil for 30 days.
The results showed a significant reduction in pain while they were standing or sleeping.

*Krill Oil may help with PMS symptoms
For those who deal with PMS, using krill oil may help alleviate period pain and other symptoms.
A study compared fish oil to krill oil and while both supplements improved symptoms for those with PMS, the individuals taking krill oil needed less pain medication.



KRILL OIL CONTAINS:
Krill oil contains a natural combination and concentration of the following four key nutrients: Omega-3 (EPA & DHA), Phospholipids, Choline, Astaxanthin

*Brain:
Phospholipids assist in the transportation of omega-3 DHA across the blood-brain barrier.

*Heart:
Krill oil has been shown to lower fasting triglycerides which are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

*Liver:
Choline and omega-3s are important for maintaining healthy liver function and aid fat metabolism.

*Eyes:
Omega-3s are especially important to help keep your eyes healthy, with the highest concentration of DHA in the body found in the retina.

*Skin:
Omega-3s play a role in modulating the hydration and elasticity of the skin.

*Joints:
Omega-3s play an important role in regulating inflammation in the body, which can have a crucial impact in protecting our joints throughout life.



FEATURES OF KRILL OIL:
Krill is a tiny crustacean that is best known as a significant source of omega 3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
These fatty acids contribute to a healthy heart, mind and body.

They have many roles in the body, including:
*Being raw materials for building cell membranes (DHA is particularly important for retina, brain and sperm cells)
*Making eicosanoids - signalling molecules that direct traffic in the world of inflammation, cardiovascular and lung function, and the immune and endocrine systems
*Specifically, helping to lower blood triglycerides and reducing the risk of blockages linked to heart disease
*Providing a source of energy


Krill oil also contains phospholipids.
Phospholipids, like phosphatidylcholine, are an important component of all our cell membranes, and are particularly important in brain cells and cell communication.

When attached to omega 3 fatty acids like in krill oil, phospholipids are responsible for carrying the fatty acids into cells and significantly increase the potency and bioavailability of both EPA and DHA.
This allows us to take less krill oil to get the same benefit as a higher amount of fish oil.

Antarctic krill, like that found in Organika’s Krill Oil, is also rich in the natural antioxidant astaxanthin.
The deep red colour of each capsule is due to this astaxanthin content.

Recognized for the health-promoting suppression of free radicals, astaxanthin helps to keep the oil fresh and protects the omega-3 fatty acids from oxidation and going rancid.
This means no additives are necessary to maintain the long-term stability of the oil.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF KRILL OIL?
Krill oil contains fatty acids similar to fish oil and is a rich source of omega 3, supports immunity thanks to the antioxidant astaxanthin , can help reduce inflammation as well as arthritis and joint pain, and protects heart health.

Krill oil benefits can be listed as follows:
*Krill oil is a powerful source of antioxidants.
*Krill Oil strengthens immunity and protects the body against free radicals.
*Krill Oil reduces inflammation thanks to Omega 3 and astaxanthin.
*Krill oil may reduce arthritis and joint pain
*Krill Oil supports heart health.
*Krill Oil lowers bad cholesterol.
*Krill Oil helps build a healthy immune system.
*Krill Oil can reduce anxiety levels.
*Krill oil contains vitamins A and E.



HOW MUCH KRILL OIL SHOULD YOU TAKE?
Since krill oil is not an established treatment, there's no standard dose.
Talk to your healthcare provider to see if krill oil is right for you.



CAN YOU GET KRILL OIL NATURALLY FROM FOODS?
The only source of krill oil is krill.



DIFFERENCE BETWEEN KRILL OIL AND FISH OIL:
Krill oil and oceanic fish oil are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
While both contain some EPA and DHA as free fatty acids, krill oil contains particularly rich amounts of choline-containing phospholipids and a phosphatidylcholine concentration of 34 grams per 100 grams of oil.

Krill oil also contains appreciable content of astaxanthin at 0.1 to 1.5 mg/ml, depending on processing methods, which is responsible for its red color.
While fish oil is generally golden yellow in colour, krill oil tends to be reddish.
Krill Oil is generally more expensive to buy as compared to fish oil.



WHAT IS IN KRILL OIL?
Krill contains an oil that is similar to the oils found in fish oils, the omega-3 fatty acids.
Omega-3 fatty acids are recommended for use in lowering triglyceride levels.
Krill Oil use as a supplement to lower blood lipids is increasing in popularity.



KRILL OIL CONTAINS:
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic).
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are also found in oils from certain types of fish, vegetables, and other plant sources.
Unlike fish oil, the omega-3 fatty acids in Krill oil are absorbed and carried to the body's cells in phospholipid form.

Omega-3 fatty acids, in combination with diet and exercise, work by lowering the body's production of “bad”, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides, and may raise high density lipoprotein (HDL) “good” cholesterol.

High levels of cholesterol and triglycerides can lead to coronary artery disease, heart disease, and stroke.
Supportive, but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF KRILL OIL?
In the realm of natural supplements, one name has been garnering increasing attention for its myriad health benefits: Krill Oil.

*Extracted from tiny crustaceans found in the icy waters of the Antarctic, Krill Oil has emerged as a powerhouse of essential nutrients, particularly renowned for its omega-3 fatty acid content.

But what exactly is Krill Oil, how does one incorporate it into their daily routine, and what wonders does it hold for our health?
Let's embark on a deep dive into the world of Krill Oil.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF KRILL OIL:
Krill oil's phospholipid-complex of omega-3 and choline provides support to the heart, brain, liver and eyes, with recent research showing benefits in skin and sports segments.



HOW TO USE KRILL OIL:
RECOMMENDED DOSE — (ORAL) ADULTS ONLY:
Take 1 to 2 softgel capsules three times per day.



WHY DO PEOPLE TAKE KRILL OIL?
Krill oil contains EPA and DHA, the same omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, although usually in smaller amounts.
The effects of krill oil have not been researched as thoroughly as those of fish oil.

But a few preliminary studies suggest that krill oil could be superior in some ways.
Krill oil might be better absorbed in the body than fish oil.

One small study found that krill oil, like omega-3s in general, could improve rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and functional impairment.
It also lowered levels of C-reactive protein, a marker for inflammation in the body that's been linked with heart disease.

In addition, krill oil eased symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in another small study.
Because some studies indicate that the fatty acid DHA may benefit a developing child’s brain, krill oil is sometimes taken by pregnant women or given to children.



6 SCIENCE-BASED HEALTH BENEFITS OF KRILL OIL:
1. Excellent Source of Healthy Fats:
Both krill oil and fish oil contain the omega-3 fats EPA and DHA.

However, some evidence suggests that the fats found in krill oil may be easier for the body to use than those from fish oil, since most omega-3 fats in fish oil are stored in the form of triglycerides.

On the other hand, a large portion of the omega-3 fats in krill oil can be found in the form of molecules called phospholipids, which may be easier to absorb into the bloodstream.

A few studies found that krill oil was more effective than fish oil at raising omega-3 levels, and hypothesized that their differing forms of omega-3 fats might be why.

Another study carefully matched the amounts of EPA and DHA in krill oil and fish oil, and found that the oils were equally effective at raising levels of omega-3s in the blood.
More research is needed to determine whether krill oil is actually a more effective, bioavailable source of omega-3 fats than fish oil.


2. Can Help Fight Inflammation
Omega-3 fatty acids like those found in krill oil have been shown to have important anti-inflammatory functions in the body.
In fact, krill oil may be even more effective at fighting inflammation than other marine omega-3 sources because it appears to be easier for the body to use.

What’s more, krill oil contains a pink-orange pigment called astaxanthin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
A few studies have begun to explore the specific effects of krill oil on inflammation.
One test-tube study found that it reduced the production of inflammation-causing molecules when harmful bacteria were introduced to human intestinal cells.


3. Might Reduce Arthritis and Joint Pain
Because krill oil seems to help reduce inflammation, it may also improve arthritis symptoms and joint pain, which often result from inflammation.
In fact, a study that found krill oil significantly reduced a marker of inflammation also found that krill oil reduced stiffness, functional impairment and pain in patients with rheumatoid or osteoarthritis.


4. Could Improve Blood Lipids and Heart Health
Omega-3 fats, and DHA and EPA specifically, are considered heart-healthy.

Research has shown that fish oil may improve blood lipid levels, and krill oil appears to be effective as well.
Studies have shown it may be particularly effective at lowering levels of triglycerides and other blood fats.
One study compared the effects of krill oil and purified omega-3s on cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Only krill oil raised “good” high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
It was also more effective at decreasing a marker of inflammation, even though the dosage was much lower.
On the other hand, the pure omega-3s were more effective at lowering triglycerides.

A recent review of seven studies concluded that krill oil is effective at lowering “bad” LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and may increase “good” HDL cholesterol, too.

Another study compared krill oil to olive oil and found that krill oil significantly improved insulin resistance scores, as well as the function of the lining of the blood vessels.
More long-term studies are needed to investigate how krill oil affects the risk of heart disease.


5. Krill Oil may Help Manage PMS Symptoms
In general, consuming omega-3 fats may help decrease pain and inflammation.
Several studies have found that taking omega-3 or fish oil supplements can help decrease period pain and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), in some cases enough to decrease the use of pain medication.

It appears that krill oil, which contains the same types of omega-3 fats, may be just as effective.
One study compared the effects of krill oil and fish oil in women diagnosed with PMS.

The study found that while both supplements resulted in statistically significant improvements in symptoms, women taking krill oil took significantly less pain medication than women taking fish oil.
This study suggests that krill oil may be at least as effective as other sources of omega-3 fats at improving PMS symptoms.


6. Krill Oil’s Easy to Add to Your Routine
Taking krill oil is a simple way to increase your EPA and DHA intake.
Krill Oil’s widely available and can be purchased online or at most pharmacies.
The capsules are typically smaller than those of fish oil supplements, and may be less likely to cause belching or a fishy aftertaste.

Krill oil is also typically considered to be a more sustainable choice than fish oil, because krill are so abundant and reproduce quickly.
Unlike fish oil, Krill Oil also contains astaxanthin.



KRILL OIL VS. FISH OIL:
While krill and fish oil both have DHA and EPA, it’s believed that those omega-3 fatty acids found in krill oil have a higher bioavailability — or rate of absorption in your body — than fish oil.

It might have something to do with the DHA and EPA being found as molecules called phospholipids in krill oil.
In fish oil, the DHA and EPA are stored in the form of triglycerides.
More research is needed to determine the exact reason krill oil might be absorbed more easily.

KRONOS 2056 KRONOS 2056 is a versatile pigment with a warm tone recommended for conventional air-drying paints, silicate paints, plasters, silicone resin paints and impregnating baths for paper laminates. It confers good exterior durability. KRONOS 2056 is a versatile pigment with a warm tone recommended for plasticisers and various types of plastics. It confers good exterior durability. Kronos 2056 KRONOS 2056 is titanium dioxide. It is a rutile pigment produced by the sulphate process and surface treated with aluminium and silicon compounds. It disperses readily, provides good opacity and a warm tone, confers good exterior durability. KRONOS 2056 is suitable for use in conventional air drying paints, silicate paints and plasters, silicone resin paints. Product Type Titanium dioxide Chemical Composition Titanium dioxide CAS Number 13463-67-7 Product Description A versatile pigment with a warm tone Applications Conventional air drying paints Silicate paints and plasters Silicone resin paints Plasticisers Various types of plastics Impregnating baths for paper laminates Properties disperses readily provides good opacity and a warm tone confers good exterior durability on coatings and plastics is certified according to DIN EN 12878:2014-07 for the colouring of building materials based on cement and/or lime ABOUT KRONOS INC KRONOS is one of the world‘s leading manufacturers of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and has been operating as an international company for more than 90 years. The group owes its significant market position to the quality of its products, innovation, technical experience and reliable customer service around the world. Titanium dioxide pigments are used in paints and coatings, plastics, paper, building materials, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods and many other commercial products. KRONOS 2056 is a versatile pigment with a warm tone recommended for conventional air-drying paints, silicate paints, plasters, silicone resin paints and impregnating baths for paper laminates. It confers good exterior durability and is certified for the colouring of building materials based on cement and/or lime according to DIN EN 12878 : 2014-07. KRONOS 2056 is a versatile pigment with a warm tone recommended for plasticisers and various types of plastics. It confers good exterior durability.

Potassium Tripolyphosphate; pentapotassium triphosphate; potassium triphosphate; KTPP; triphosphoric acid, potassium salt ; potassium triphosphate; potassium tripolyphosphat cas no:13845-36-8

L TARTARIC ACID; 2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid; L-(+)-Tartaric acid; Tartaric Acid; (+)-Tartaric acid; (R,R)-(+)-Tartaric acid; (R,R)-Tartaric acid; (2R,3R)-Tartaric acid; 2,3-dihydroxy-Butanedioic acid; L(+)-Tartaric acid; L-Tartaric acid; , 2,3-dihydroxy-Succinic acid; Threaric acid; 1,2-Dihydroxyethane- 1,2-dicarboxylic acid; (2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid; (+)-(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid; d-Tartaric acid; Dextrotartaric acid; 3-hydroxy-Malic acid, ; Tartaric acid, (l); 2,3-Dihydrosuccinic acid; Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova; Kyselina vinna; cas no: 87-69-4

L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6), is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid abundantly present in the human body.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is not only found in the human body but also occurs naturally in a wide range of foods.


CAS Number: 97-67-6
EC Number: 202-601-5
MDL number: MFCD00064213
Linear Formula: HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) gives many fruits, particularly apples, their characteristic flavor.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is often referred to as “apple acid”.
The word malic is derived from the Latin mālum, for which Malus, the genus that contains all apple species, is also named.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6), also known as malate or L-apple acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives.


Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6), is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid abundantly present in the human body.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is not only found in the human body but also occurs naturally in a wide range of foods.
Moreover, L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is produced during the fermentation of carbohydrates.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is soluble in acetone, dioxane, water, methanol and ethanol.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is insoluble in benzene
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is incompatible with Bases, Oxidizing agents, Reducing agents, Alkali metals .


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is the most typical acid occurring in fruits, it contributes to sour tastes.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is commonly used in beverages, confectionary and personal care products.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is a white crystalline powder.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is slightly sour taste.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is soluble in water.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is soluble in water(363g/L).


Keep L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) container tightly closed.
Store L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) away from oxidizing agents.
Store L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.


The most common is the L-isomer, L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6), present in the juice of immature hawthorn, apple and grape fruits.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) can also be produced from fumaric acid through biological fermentation.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is an important intermediate product of the internal circulation of the human body and is easily absorbed by the human body.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is the naturally occurring isomer of malic acid, found mainly in sour and unripe fruits.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6), also known as malate or L-apple acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives.
Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is a dicarboxylic acid and organic compound made by all living organisms.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives.
Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is nearly odorless (sometimes a faint, acrid odor) with a tart, acidic taste.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is nonpungent.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) may be prepared by hydration of maleic acid; by fermentation from sugars.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is an organic acid that is commonly found in wine.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) plays an important role in wine microbiological stability.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).


Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is an organic compound, and is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.
Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates.


The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is the naturally occurring and more bioavailable form of Malic Aid.
Malic acid, also known as 2-hydroxysuccinic acid, has two stereoisomers due to an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule.


In nature, it exists in three forms, namely D-malic acid, L-malic acid and its mixture DL-malic acid.
Malic Acid is white crystal or crystalline powder with strong hygroscopicity, easily soluble in water and ethanol, and has a special pleasant sour taste.
Analytical standard solution for use as a control sample or calibrator with analytical test kits that measure L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6).


Especially for use to generate calibration curves for auto-analyser or microplate assay formats with the following enzymatic tests kits: K-LMALAF, K-LMALQR.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used as a food additive, Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives. Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including κ-opioid receptor agonists, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogue, and phoslactomycin B.



USES and APPLICATIONS of L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used as Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives.
Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including κ-opioid rece.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) also acts as active ingredient in many sour or tart foods.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used as synthesizing disincrustant and fluorescent whitening agent.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) aids in the production of polyester and alcohol acid resins.
Beyond its biological significance, L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) finds application in diverse industrial sectors.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) contributes to the production of plastics, solvents, and detergents.
However, the precise mechanism of action of L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) remains partially understood.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is hypothesized to be involved in ATP production and the transport of electrons within the electron transport chain.


Furthermore, L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is believed to partake in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
In its stable isotope-labeled form, L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is commonly used as an authentic standard for metabolite quantification.
Unless specified otherwise, MP Biomedical's products are for research or further manufacturing use only, not for direct human use.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is a dicarboxylic acid in naturally occurring form, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits and is used as a food additive.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used for resolution of racemates for synthesis.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is an organic dicarboxylic acid that is present in various foods and is metabolized in humans through the Krebs (or citric acid) cycle.
Therefore, as a food additive and functional food with excellent performance, L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is widely used in food, cosmetics, medical and health care products and other fields.


The racemate can be prepared from fumaric acid or maleic acid under the action of a catalyst under high temperature and pressure conditions and water vapor.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used to selectively protect the a-amino group of amino acids.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is the starting material for the preparation of chiral compounds.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) may be used to prepare:diethyl (S)-malateethyl (R)-2-hydroxyl-4-phenylbutanoateethyl (S)-2-hydroxyl-4-phenylbutanoateD-homophenylalanine ethyl ester hydrochloridefuro[3,2-i]indolizines.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is a relevant component of the citric acid cycle that is found in animals, plants and microorganisms.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is one of the most important fruit acids found in nature and it is the acid present in highest concentrations in wine.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) may be used in food production because it is a stronger acid than citric acid.
Microbial decomposition of L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) leads to the formation of L-lactate; this can be a desirable reaction in the wine industry, where the level of L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is monitored, along with L-lactic acid, during malolactic fermentation.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) may be used as a food preservative (E296) or flavour enhancing additive.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is responsible for the sour taste of most fruits and is utilized as a food additive.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used at industrial sites.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.


Release to the environment of L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used as a food additive, Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives.


Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including κ-opioid receptor agonists, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogue, and phoslactomycin B.
The naturally occuring isomer is the L-form which has been found in apples and many other fruits and plants.
Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives. Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including κ-opioid rece.


L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used intermediate in chemical synthesis.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used chelating and buffering agent.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used flavoring agent, flavor enhancer and acidulant in foods.


-Food Industry uses of L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6):
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is an important component of natural fruit juice.
Compared with citric acid, it has higher acidity (20% stronger acidity than citric acid), but soft taste (higher buffer index).

L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) has a special fragrance, does not damage the mouth and teeth, is beneficial to the absorption of amino acids in metabolism, and does not accumulate fat.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is a new generation of food sour agent.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is praised as "the most ideal food sour agent" by the biological and nutritional circles.



ENZYMATIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
Based on the spectrophotometric measurement of NADH formed through the combined action of L-malate dehydrogenase (L-LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
This rapid and simple stereo-specific enzymatic method is used for the determination of L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) (L-malate) in foodstuffs such as wine, beer, bread, fruit and vegetable products, fruit juice, as well as in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biological samples.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
*Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives
*Fatty acids and conjugates
*Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
*Secondary alcohols
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
*Short-chain hydroxy acid
*Beta-hydroxy acid
*Fatty acid
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Alpha-hydroxy acid
*Secondary alcohol
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is nearly odorless (sometimes a faint, acrid odor).
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) has a tart, acidic, nonpungent taste.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is a clear colourless solution
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) occurs in maple sap, apple, melon, papaya, beer, grape wine, cocoa, sake, kiwifruit and chicory root.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is an optically active form of malic acid having (S)-configuration.



PREPARATION OF L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) can be prepared by hydration of maleic acid; by fermentation from sugar.



BIOCHEM/PHYSIOL ACTIONS OF L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is a part of cellular metabolism.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6)'s application is recognized in pharmaceutics.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is useful in the treatment of hepatic malfunctioning, effective against hyper-ammonemia.

L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) is used as a part of amino acid infusion.
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) also serves as a nanomedicine in the treatment of brain neurological disorders.
A TCA (Krebs cycle) intermediate and partner in the malic acid aspartate shuttle.



PURIFICATION METHOD OF L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
Crystallise S-malic acid (charcoal) from ethyl acetate/pet ether (b 55-56o), keeping the temperature below 65o.
Or dissolve it by refluxing in fifteen parts of anhydrous diethyl ether, decant, concentrate to one-third volume and crystallise it at 0o, repeatedly to constant melting point.



SUPPORTS HEALTH & WELLNESS OF L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6)::
L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) supports energy production, supports an active lifestyle, and aids in absorption of iron in the body.
Alpha-hydroxy acids are also known to support healthy skin and oral health.



CONVENIENT RESEALABLE POUCH OF L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6)::
Prescribed for Life L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) Powder comes in a durable, resealable pouch.
It’s easy to store and keeps your L Malic Acid (Cas 97-67-6) Powder fresh for maximum long shelf life.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
Molecular Weight: 134.09 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 129
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS Number: 97-67-6
Molecular Weight: 134.09
Beilstein: 1723541

EC Number: 202-601-5
MDL number: MFCD00064213
CAS Number: 97-67-6
Purity: ≥98%
Molecular Weight: 134.1
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 101 - 103 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,595 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS number: 97-67-6
EC number: 202-601-5
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Chemical formula: HOOCCH(OH)CH₂COOH
Molar Mass: 134.08 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 19 98
Boiling point: 140 °C (decomposition)
Density: 1.60 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 98 - 103 °C
pH value: 2.2 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
Solubility: 160 g/l
CAS NUMBER: 97-67-6
MOLECULAR FORMULA:C4H6O5
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 134.1

BEILSTEIN REGISTRY NUMBER: 1723541
EC NUMBER: 202-601-5
MDL NUMBER: MFCD00064213
CAS #: 97-67-6
EC Number: 202-601-5
Grade: Cell Culture Grade
Hazard Statements: H315-H319-H335
Melting Point: 101-103 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight: 134.1
CAS: 97-67-6
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 134.087
MDL Number: MFCD00064213
InChI Key: BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N
PubChem CID: 222656
ChEBI: CHEBI:30797
IUPAC Name: (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O
Melting Point: 100°C to 106°C
Color: White
Density: 1.6
Flash Point: 220°C (428°F)

Beilstein: 1723541
Merck Index: 14,5707
Solubility Information: Soluble in water(363g/L).
Optical Rotation: −26° (c=5.5 in pyridine)
Formula Weight: 134.09
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L-(-)-Malic acid
Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 306.4±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 101-103 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight: 134.087
Flash Point: 153.4±20.2 °C
Exact Mass: 134.021530
PSA: 94.83000
LogP: -1.26
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.529
Water Solubility: soluble
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C4H6O5 = 134.09
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas

Condition to Avoid: Air Sensitive
CAS RN: 97-67-6
Reaxys Registry Number: 1723541
PubChem Substance ID: 87572140
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 1069
Merck Index (14): 5707
MDL Number: MFCD00064213
CAS number: 97-67-6
Weight Average: 134.0874
Monoisotopic: 134.021523302
InChI Key: BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name: (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: (-)-malic acid
Chemical Formula: C4H6O5
SMILES: O[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
Water Solubility: 218 g/L
logP: -0.87
logP: -1.1
logS: 0.21
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 3.2
pKa (Strongest Basic): -3.9
Physiological Charge: -2
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 5
Hydrogen Donor Count: 3
Polar Surface Area: 94.83 Ų

Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Refractivity: 24.88 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 10.93 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C4H6O5
IUPAC name: (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
InChI Key: BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: O[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
Average Molecular Weight: 134.0874
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 134.021523302
Melting point : 101-103 °C (lit.)
alpha: -2 º (c=8.5, H2O)
Boiling point : 167.16°C (rough estimate)
density: 1.60
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
FEMA: 2655 | L-MALIC ACID
refractive index: -6.5 ° (C=10, Acetone)

Fp : 220 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Powder
color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.595 (20/4℃)
Odor: odorless
PH: 2.2 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
pka: (1) 3.46, (2) 5.10(at 25℃)
Odor Type: odorless
optical activity: [α]20/D 30±2°, c = 5.5% in pyridine
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,5707
JECFA Number: 619
BRN: 1723541
InChIKey: BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N
LogP: -1.68
CAS DataBase Reference: 97-67-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, (s)-(97-67-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)- (97-67-6)



FIRST AID MEASURES of L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of L MALIC ACID (CAS 97-67-6):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
97-67-6
L-Malic acid
L-(-)-Malic acid
(S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid
(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-Malic acid
L(-)-Malic acid
(-)-Malic acid
L-Apple acid
Apple acid
(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
L-malate
S-(-)-Malic acid
L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
S-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, (2S)-
Malic acid, L-
L-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
CHEBI:30797
(-)-L-Malic acid
(S)-malate
Malic acid L-(-)-form
Hydroxysuccinnic acid (-)
L-Hydroxysuccinic acid
J3TZF807X5
CHEMBL1234046
NSC9232
NSC-9232
MFCD00064213
NSC 9232
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
MALATE ION
(-)-(S)-Malic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (-)-
UNII-J3TZF807X5
malic-acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (S)-
2yfa
4elc
4ipi
4ipj
L-Maleic Acid
L-Hydroxysuccinate
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (S)-
(S)-(-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(2s)-malic acid
EINECS 202-601-5
L-Hydroxybutanedioate
nchembio867-comp7
L-(-) malic acid
(-)-Hydroxysuccinate
L-(-)-Apple Acid
S-(-)-Malate
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioate
S-2-Hydroxybutanedioate
(-)-(S)-Malate
(S)-(-)-malic acid
(S)-hydroxy-Butanedioate
(S)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
L(-)MALIC ACID
(S)-2-hydroxysuccinicacid
bmse000238
MALIC ACID [HSDB]
MALIC ACID, (L)
(S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinate
L-MALIC ACID [FHFI]
(S)-hydroxy-Butanedioic acid
SCHEMBL256122
L-MALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
MALIC ACID, L- [II]
(-)-(s)-hydroxybutanedioic acid
DTXSID30273987
BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N
(2S)-(-)-hydroxybutanedioic acid
AMY40197
HY-Y1069
BDBM50510127
s6292
AKOS006346693
CS-W020132
MALIC ACID L-(-)-FORM [MI]
L-(-)-Malic acid, BioXtra, >=95%
AS-18628
L-(-)-Malic acid, >=95% (titration)
(S)-E 296
(-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid
M0022
EN300-93424
C00149
L-(-)-Malic acid, purum, >=99.0% (T)
L-(-)-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
M-0850
35F9ECA9-BBE6-463D-BF3F-275FACC5D14E
L-(-)-Malic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
L-(-)-Malic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 97%
Q27104150
Z1201618618
(S)-(-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid, L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
L-(-)-Malic acid, 97%, optical purity ee: 99% (GLC)
L-(-)-Malic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
L-(-)-Malic acid, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture
26999-59-7
(S)-(−)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
l-Malic acid
Apple acid
(-)-Malic acid
L-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(S)-(-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
l-malic acid, l---malic acid
s-2-hydroxysuccinic acid
2s-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
l--malic acid, apple acid
--malic acid
l-apple acid
s-malic acid
s-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid
L-Hydroxysuccinic Acid
(-)-(S)-Malate
(-)-(S)-Malic acid
(-)-Hydroxysuccinate
(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(-)-L-Malic acid
(-)-Malic acid
(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioate
(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinate
(S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(S)-hydroxy-Butanedioate
(S)-hydroxy-Butanedioic acid
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioate
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(s)-malate
Apple acid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, (S)-
L-(-)-Malic acid
l-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
l-apple acid
L-Hydroxybutanedioate
L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
L-Hydroxysuccinate
L-Hydroxysuccinic acid
L-Malate
L-malic acid
malate
Malic acid
MLT
S-(-)-Malate
S-(-)-Malic acid
S-2-Hydroxybutanedioate
S-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(-)-L-Malate
L-2-Hydroxybutanedioate
(S)-Malic acid
(2S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(2S)-Malic acid
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Deoxytetraric acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxysuccinic acid
Monohydroxybutanedioic acid
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
α-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid
(+-)-hydroxysuccinic acid
(+-)-malic acid biospider
(+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(-)-(S)-Malate
(-)-(S)-Malic acid
(-)-Hydroxysuccinate
(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(-)-L-Malate Generator
(-)-L-Malic acid
L-(-)-Malic acid, CP
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
pinguosuan
Butanedioicacid,hydroxy-,(S)-
hydroxy-,(S)-Butanedioicacid
l-(ii)-malicacid
L-Gydroxybutanedioicacid
L-Mailcacid

L Tartaric Acid

CAS No: 144814-09-5, 87-69-4, 133-37-9
EC No: 201-766-0
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight: 150.086 g/mol



APPLICATIONS


L Tartaric Acid is used to give a sour taste.
Furthermore, L Tartaric Acid is a good antioxidant.
L Tartaric Acid is the most common area for making soda.

L Tartaric Acid can be used to polish, polish and protect metals.
Oven products are used by releasing carbon dioxide.

Gelatinous desserts are preferred as thickeners in products such as L Tartaric Acid, meringue, lokum and cream whipped cream.
L Tartaric Acid obtained from grapes is highly preferred in useful pasta production.
For embossing of macaroni, L Tartaric Acid maembossed gravy instead.

The production of L Tartaric Acid wine, which has a low density, a piquant and strong taste, is preferred for fermentation of wine
L Tartaric Acid is used for making marmalade and jams.

There are several methods for the production of L Tartaric Acid.
A few of them are as follows:

Besides, L Tartaric Acid can form from the chemical reaction between Calcium Tartrate and an aqueous sulfuric acid solution.
CaC4H4O6 + H2SO4 & gt; H2C4H4O6 + CaSO4

L Tartaric Acid produced by this reaction is the only additive chemistry used to regulate acidity in the production of wines.
The major chemical substances and components used in the production of L Tartaric Acid are water, sulfuric acid and calcium.

Moreover, L Tartaric Acid is used to produce sodium carbonate, as a result of its interaction with sodium bicarbonate, by oral administration this effect of L Tartaric Acid, carbon dioxide prolongs the mast.
L Tartaric Acid is used as an antioxidant to give a sour taste to many food products.

In addition, L Tartaric Acid is used to add the embossing qualities in the food additives that are added to the bakery products.
L Tartaric Acid isused as a preservative additive in foods.
At the same time, L Tartaric Acid gives flavor.

L Tartaric Acid is generally used in the production of carbonated beverages, fruit candies and products in effervescent tablets.
At the same time, L Tartaric Acid is used to polish and clean metals and deeply tannate.
Therefore, we can think that L Tartaric Acid can also be used in sun cream production.

L Tartaric Acid is used in the manufacture of blue inks.
In addition, L Tartaric Acid is used as a component that reacts with Silver Nitrateto give the mirror silver color.
L Tartaric Acid is used for fabric dyeing with ester derivatives.
Additionally, L Tartaric Acid will be useful for performing the process required here.

L Tartaric Acid is used in wine production to preserve the color, chemical stability and taste of finished wine products.
One of the reasons for the use of L Tartaric Acid in wine production is to reduce the pH of the medium and prevent unwanted bacterial growth.
L Tartaric Acid is a useful chemical for the production of chiral molecules in organic chemistry.

When the L Tartaric Acid cream is added to the water, the copper mine forms a very well cleaned suspension.
L Tartaric Acid is used as an aroma in food and beverages.

L Tartaric Acid may be used in the synthesis of (R,R)-1,2-diammoniumcyclohexane mono-(+)-tartrate, an intermediate to prepare an enantioselective epoxidation catalyst.
More to that, L Tartaric Acid may also be used as a starting material in the multi-step synthesis of 1,4-di-O-benzyl-L-threitol.

L Tartaric Acid can be used a chiral resolving agent for the resolution of 2,2′-bispyrrolidine.
Further to that, L Tartaric Acid is chiral building block for natural products.
L Tartaric Acid also forms a Diels-Alder catalyst with TiCl2(O-i-Pr)2.


Industrial uses of L Tartaric Acid:

Food Industry:

Acidifiers and natural preservatives for jams, ice creams, jams, juices, jams and beverages
Foamer for carbonated water
In bread making sector like emulsifier and preservative; in preparing candies and sweets


Wine Industry:

L Tartaric Acid is used as an acidifier.
Furthermore, L Tartaric Acid provides an increase in acidity and a decrease in pH content, which is necessary to prepare more balanced wines interms of taste and used in wines.


Pharmaceutical Industry:

Melt in water is used as an additive for the preparation of tablets.


Building Sector:

L Tartaric Acid delays the operation and facilitates the processing of these materials. (Also used in Cement and Plaster)


Cosmetic Industry:

L Tartaric Acid is used as a basic component in many natural body creams.


Chemical Sector:

Galvanic bathrooms


Electronics industry:

Color stabilizer like the textile industry
Industrial grease as anti-oxidant


Uses of L Tartaric Acid:

Multi-component crafting kits where individual products are not designated
Products related to pottery making which can not be assigned to a more refined category
Products specifically used in a laboratory setting, e.g. laboratory diagnostics or consumables, solvents and reagents used in experiments or laboratory tests, etc. Includes supplies for medical testing. Note that pure chemicals will be included in the 'Raw materials' category.
Medical and dental supplies and equipment, e.g. medical equipment used in a hospital or doctor's office setting, at home (e.g. wheelchairs, colostomy bag). Includes clothing and personal protective equipment used in medical settings (e.g. scrubs, face masks, gowns, gloves); excludes medical testing supplies.
Fragrances, colognes, and perfumes
General hair styling or hair care products which do not fit into a more refined category
Lip products primarily for protection
Colored lip products, excluding glosses
Miscellaneous aquarium products for the maintenance of aquatic pets
rinse aid
surfactant
ph regulating agent
processing aids and additives


L Tartaric Acid is found throughout nature and classified as a fruit acid.
Moreover, L Tartaric Acid is used in soft drinks and foods, as an acidulant, complexing agent, pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent), in photography, tanning, ceramics, and to make tartrates.

Diethyl and dibutyl ester derivatives are commercially significant for use in lacquers and in textile printing.
L Tartaric Acid is used as an intermediate, in construction and ceramics applications, in cleaning products, cosmetics/personal care products, and metal surface treatments (including galvanic and electroplating products).

Besides, L Tartaric Acid is used as a flavoring agent, anticaking agent, drying agent, firming agent, humectant, leavening agent, and pH control agent for foods.
L Tartaric Acid is permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.



DESCRIPTION


L Tartaric Acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus.
Its salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation.
L Tartaric Acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation.

L Tartaric Acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart its distinctive sour taste.
Naturally occurring L Tartaric Acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.
L Tartaric Acid is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

L Tartaric Acid, a crystalline acid, is commonly found in plants and fruits.
In addition, L Tartaric Acid is white in color and crystalline.
L Tartaric Acid is a succinic acid is a dihydroxyl derivative.

Additionally, L Tartaric Acid has polarizing power.
L Tartaric Acid is an acidic potassium salt, which is derived from fermented grape juice.

L Tartaric Acid is designated as natural tartaric acid.
Natural Tartaric is a product of nature.
L Tartaric acid, i.e., natural tartaric acid, is obtained as by-products of wine making after obtaining alcoholic products.

More to that, L Tartaric acid should not be mixed with synthetic tartaric acid, starting from synthetic maleic acid.
L Tartaric Acid crystallizer is applied in two stages.

L Tartaric Acid has 2 purity.
The raw crystal of L (+) Tartaric Acid, i.acid, is re-dissolved and subsequently converted back into crystalline structure.
L Tartaric acid produced in this manner, i.eacid, abolishes the process residues in the application phase.

Further to that, L Tartaric Acid acid has a white crystalline residue.
Sometimes the crystalline powder can also be in structure.
The tartaric acid melting point is 206 [deg.] C.

L Tartaric Acid is a chemical that works by inhibiting the production of malic acid.
In this process, a person is exposed to tartaricdoses, resulting in Toxic accumulation in the muscles.
The high dose of L Tartaric Acid can cause paralysis and death as a result.

L Tartaric Acid prices continue to drive up prices due to increased wine consumption.
The price of L Tartaric Acid also increases the demand for L Tartaric Acid by increasing the popularity of packaged food products.
Therefore, the price of L Tartaric Acid is also increasing.
The price of L Tartaric Acid is increasing due to its use as an emulsifier in bread production.

L Tartaric Acid (E 334); crystalline, colorless organic acid commonly found in plants.
This acid which is used in various industrial branches, especially in the food industry, is obtained as a by-product of potassium during the fermentation of the wine.
L Tartaric Acid is first separated from this mixture by Carl Wilhem Scheele.

The wastes generated in the wine production are neutralized with potassium hydroxide.
L Tartaric Acid is formed by processing calcium tartar with sulfuric acid in the flour.

L Tartaric Acid is used in soda, gelatinous desserts, cleaning and polishing of metals and wool painting.
Antimony potassium tartar is also used asan insecticide and mordant.
L Tartaric Acid accounts for 1.6-2.8% of total acid in grape fruits.



PROPERTIES



Melting point: 170-172 °C(lit.)
alpha: 12 º (c=20, H2O)
Boiling point: 191.59°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.76
vapor density: 5.18 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: 12.5 ° (C=5, H2O)
Flash point: 210 °C
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility:
H2O: soluble1M at 20°C, clear, colorless
form : Solid
pka: 2.98, 4.34(at 25℃)
color: White or colorless
PH: 3.18(1 mM solution);2.55(10 mM solution);2.01(100 mM solution);
Optical activity: [α]20/D +13.5±0.5°, c = 10% in H2O
Water Solubility: 1390 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,9070
JECFA Number: 621
BRN: 1725147
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents. Combustible.



FIRST AID


First-aid measures general:

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
If you feel unwell, seek medical advice (show the label where possible).


First-aid measures after inhalation:

Allow victim to breathe fresh air.
Allow the victim to rest.


First-aid measures after skin contact:

Remove affected clothing and wash all exposed skin area with mild soap and water, followed by warm water rinse.


First-aid measures after eye contact:

Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.
Immediately call a poison center or doctor/physician.


First-aid measures after ingestion:

Rinse mouth.
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Obtain emergency medical attention.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


L Tartaric Acid should not be stored in areas directly exposed to sunlight.
Furthermore, L Tartaric Acid appears to be converted to glyoxylic acidin areas exposed to sunlight.

L Tartaric Acid will react with each other to produce hydrogen peroxide and glyoxylic acid formic aunder these conditions.
Therefore, L Tartaric Acid is not stable.
Moreover, L Tartaric Acid is packed in paper bags of 25 kg, 500 kg and 1500 kg.


Precautions for safe handling:

Wash hands and other exposed areas with mild soap and water before eating, drinking or smoking and when leaving work.
Provide good ventilation in process area to prevent formation of vapor.


Hygiene measures:

Wash exposed skin thoroughly after handling.


Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:

Keep container closed when not in use.


Incompatible products:

Strong bases.
Strong oxidizers.


Incompatible materials:

Sources of ignition.
Direct sunlight.



SYNONYMS


87-69-4;L-tartaric acid
L-(+)-Tartaric acid
L(+)-Tartaric acid
(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
tartaric acid
(+)-L-Tartaric acid
(2Rdihydroxybutanedioic acid
(R,R)-Tartaric acid
Dextrotartaric acid
L-threaric acid
(+)-(R,R)-Tartaric acid
(+)-Tartaric acid
(2R,3R)-(acid;Tartaric acid (VAN)
Threaric acid
Kyselina vinna [Czech]
Acidum tartaricum
Tartaric acid [USAN:JAN]
Tartaric acid, L-
Succidihydroxy
UNII-W4888I119H
d-alpha,beta-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-
EINECS 201-766-0
Ntartaric acid
Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova [Czech]
(2R,3R)-rel-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
AI3-06298
(+)-L-Tartaric acid
(+)-Tartaric acid
87-69-4
L-(+)-Tartaric acid
L-Tartaric acid
L(+)-Tartaric acid
tartaric acid
(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(R,R)-Tartaric acid
Threaric acid
L-threaric acid
Dextrotartaric acid
DL-Tartaric acid
Natural tartaric acid
(2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid
(+)-(R,R)-Tartaric acid
Tartaric acid, L-
Rechtsweinsaeure
(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid
(2R,3R)-rel-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
tartrate
(R,R)-(+)-Tartaric acid
FEMA No. 3044
133-37-9
Lamb protein (fungal)
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-
(R,R)-tartrate
Tartaric acid (VAN)
Kyselina vinna [Czech]
INS NO.334
Uvic acid
CHEBI:15671
(+)-(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid
INS-334
Tartaric acid [USAN:JAN]
Weinsaeure
MFCD00064207
NSC-62778
L-tartarate
4J4Z8788N8
W4888I119H
138508-61-9
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (2R,3R)-rel-
1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Resolvable tartaric acid
d-alpha,beta-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
E 334
E-334
L-(+)-tartrate
144814-09-5
Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova [Czech]
AI3-06298
(1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
2, 3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, homopolymer
Kyselina vinna
Tartaric acid D,L
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-
Tartarate
132517-61-4
(+/-)-Tartaric Acid
Succinic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy
L(+) tartaric acid
L-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(2RS,3RS)-Tartaric acid
EINECS 201-766-0
NSC 62778
Weinsteinsaeure
Weinsaure
tartaric-acid
L-Threaric aci
UNII-W4888I119H
Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova
4ebt
NSC 148314
NSC-148314
(r,r)-tartarate
(2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxybernsteinsaeure
(+)-tartarate
(+)-Weinsaeure
l(+)tartaric acid
Tartaric acid; L-(+)-Tartaric acid
Tartaric acid (TN)
(+-)-Tartaric acid
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-
L-(+) tartaric acid
(2R,3R)-Tartarate
1d5r
DL TARTARIC ACID
TARTARICUM ACIDUM
2,3-dihydroxy-succinate
TARTARIC ACID,DL-
DSSTox_CID_3632
EC 201-766-0
SCHEMBL5762
TARTARIC ACID [II]
TARTARIC ACID, DL-
DSSTox_RID_77120
Tartaric acid (JP17/NF)
TARTARIC ACID [FCC]
TARTARIC ACID [JAN]
d-a,b-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
DSSTox_GSID_23632
TARTARIC ACID [INCI]
MLS001336057
L-TARTARIC ACID [MI]
TARTARIC ACID [VANDF]
DL-TARTARIC ACID [MI]
TARTARIC ACID [MART.]
CCRIS 8978
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS
TARTARIC ACID [USP-RS]
TARTARIC ACID [WHO-DD]
CHEMBL1236315
DTXSID8023632
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioXtra
TARTARICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
UNII-4J4Z8788N8
(2R,3R)-2,3-tartaric acid
TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-)
HMS2270G22
Pharmakon1600-01300044
TARTARIC ACID, DL- [II]
ZINC895301
TARTARIC ACID, (+/-)-
TARTARIC ACID,DL- [VANDF]
HY-Y0293
STR02377
TARTARIC ACID [ORANGE BOOK]
BAROS COMPONENT TARTARIC ACID
EINECS 205-105-7
Tox21_300155
(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinicacid
NSC759609
s6233
TARTARIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
L-2,3-DIHYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
AKOS016843282
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.5%
CS-W020107
DB09459
NSC-759609
(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R-(R*,R*))-
CAS-87-69-4
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, AR, >=99%
TARTARIC ACID COMPONENT OF BAROS
NCGC00247911-01
NCGC00254043-01
BP-31012
SMR000112492
SBI-0207063.P001
T0025
EN300-72271
C00898
D00103
D70248
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.7%, FCC, FG
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioUltra, >=99.5% (T)
J-500964
J-520420
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.5%
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, tested according to Ph.Eur.
REL-(2R,3R)-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-(+-)-
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, JIS special grade, >=99.5%
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, natural, >=99.7%, FCC, FG
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%
Q18226455
F8880-9012
Z1147451717
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-, (R-(R*,R*))-
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (theta,theta)-(+-)-
000189E3-11D0-4B0A-8C7B-31E02A48A51F
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5%
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Tartaric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.5%
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5%
Tartaric Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, puriss. p.a., reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5-101.0% (calc. to the dried substance)
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, FCC, E334, 99.7-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance), grit
L-(+)-Tartaric acid, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., NF, 99.7-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance), powder